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None	None	The impact of HIV infection and CD4 cell count on the performance of an interferon gamma release assay in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis	Aabye M.G., Ravn P., PrayGod G., Jeremiah K., Mugomela A., Jepsen M., Faurholt D., Range N., Friis H., Changalucha J., Andersen A.B.	2009	PLoS ONE	4	1	10.1371/journal.pone.0004220	Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen, Righospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Unit for Infectious Diseases Q, Universityof Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Medical Research Center, Mwanza, Tanzania; Zonal Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania; Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Medical Research Center, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania	Aabye, M.G., Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen, Righospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Ravn, P., Unit for Infectious Diseases Q, Universityof Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; PrayGod, G., National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Medical Research Center, Mwanza, Tanzania; Jeremiah, K., National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Medical Research Center, Mwanza, Tanzania; Mugomela, A., Zonal Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania; Jepsen, M., Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Faurholt, D., Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Range, N., National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Medical Research Center, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Friis, H., Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Changalucha, J., National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Medical Research Center, Mwanza, Tanzania; Andersen, A.B., Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen, Righospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark	Background: The performance of the tuberculosis specific Interferon Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) has not been sufficiently documented in tuberculosis- and HIV-endemic settings. This study evaluated the sensitivity of the QuantiFERON TB-Gold In-Tube (QFT-IT) in patients with culture confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in a TB- and HIV-endemic population and the effect of HIV-infection and CD4 cell count on test performance. Methodology/Principal Findings: 161 patients with sputum culture confirmed PTB were subjected to HIV- and QFT-IT testing and measurement of CD4 cell count. The QFT-IT was positive in 74% (119/161; 95% CI: 67-81%). Sensitivity was higher in HIV-negative (75/93) than in HIV-positive (44/68) patients (81% vs. 65%, p = 0.02) and increased with CD4 cell count in HIV-positive patients (test for trend p = 0.03). 23 patients (14%) had an indeterminate result and this proportion decreased with increasing CD4 cell count in HIV-positive patients (test for trend p = 0.03). Low CD4 cell count (<300 cells/μl) did not account for all QFT-IT indeterminate nor all negative results. Sensitivity when excluding indeterminate results was 86% (95% CI: 81-92%) and did not differ between HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients (88 vs. 83%, p = 0.39). Conclusions/Significance: Sensitivity of the QFT-IT for diagnosing active PTB infection was reasonable when excluding indeterminate results and in HIV-negative patients. However, since the test missed more than 10% of patients, its potential as a rule-out test for active TB disease is limited. Furthermore, test performance is impaired by low CD4 cell count in HIV-positive patients and possibly by other factors as well in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. This might limit the potential of the test in populations where HIV-infection is prevalent. © 2009 Aabye et al.	None	gamma interferon; gamma interferon; adult; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; cell culture; controlled study; cytokine release; disease association; endemic disease; female; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunoassay; lung tuberculosis; major clinical study; male; performance measurement system; sensitivity analysis; analytical equipment; biochemistry; blood; CD4+ T lymphocyte; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; lung tuberculosis; metabolism; methodology; prevalence; sensitivity and specificity; sputum; Tanzania; Adult; Biochemistry; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Female; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Male; Prevalence; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sputum; Tanzania; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861535001	Effect of diets with graded levels of inclusion of cotton and sunflower seed cakes on the growth performance and feed utilization of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus	Aanyu M., Carpaij C., Widmer M.	2012	Livestock Research for Rural Development	24	5	None	National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI), Aquaculture Research and Development Center (ARDC), P O. Box 530, Kampala, Uganda; Zurich University of Applied Sciences (Switzerland), Institute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR) Gruental, CH-8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland	Aanyu, M., National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI), Aquaculture Research and Development Center (ARDC), P O. Box 530, Kampala, Uganda; Carpaij, C., Zurich University of Applied Sciences (Switzerland), Institute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR) Gruental, CH-8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland; Widmer, M., Zurich University of Applied Sciences (Switzerland), Institute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR) Gruental, CH-8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland	The effect of diets with graded levels of cotton (CC) and sunflower (SF) seed cakes on the growth and feed utilization of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus was determined. The fish were grown for a period of 90 days in 15 "happas" representing 5 treatments namely; SF25CC10 - 10% C and 25% S; SF20CC15 - 15% C and 20% S; SF15CC20 - 20% C and 15% S; SF10CC25 -25% C and 10% S and CTL was a commercial feed used as the control. Each treatment was replicated three times. The "happas" were 1m3 with a mesh size of 1mm. They were placed in a 1,450M2 pond with an average depth of 1 meter. The control diet had a significantly higher final weight, daily weight gain (DWG), condition factor, and the most efficient food conversion ratio (FCR) and protein utilization efficiency (PER) than the test diets. Among the test diets, SF15CC20 had the highest absolute values for final weight, DWG, FCR and PER indicating that inclusion of up to 15% of sunflower and 20% of cotton seed cakes alongside the ingredients used in this study could be used for pond production of Nile tilapia.	"happas"; Fish feed; Plant-based protein; Pond	Gossypium hirsutum; Helianthus; Oreochromis niloticus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860800961	Corporate social responsibility performance in the Niger Delta: beyond two constitutive orthodoxies [Performances en matière de responsabilité sociale des entreprises dans le delta du Niger: audelà de deux orthodoxies constitutives]	Aaron K.K.	2011	Development in Practice	21	6	10.1080/09614524.2011.582856	Department of Political and Administrative Studies, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Aaron, K.K., Department of Political and Administrative Studies, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Against the background of attempts to explain the poor Corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance of transnational oil corporations in the Niger Delta in the context of flawed approaches, processes and inadequate CSR packages, this paper contests not only the explanations for the failure of CSR, but the core idea that CSR is capable of engendering sustainable community development at all. Given the enormity of the development challenge in the region, corporations cannot, even with the best of intentions, make meaningful impact on host communities, mainly because of the structural constraints arising from the profit-seeking ethos which drives corporate behaviour. © 2011 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	Conflict and reconstruction; Governance and public policy	corporate strategy; governance approach; industrial performance; oil industry; sustainable development; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83455217933	Evaluating food safety training impact on food handlers in the food service industry	Ababio P.F.	2011	Food Science and Technology	25	4	None	Department for Design and Technology Education, University of Education Winneba, Kumasi Campus, P. O. Box 1277, Ghana	Ababio, P.F., Department for Design and Technology Education, University of Education Winneba, Kumasi Campus, P. O. Box 1277, Ghana	Sixty eight personnel in the food service in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region, Ghana, with varied educational and job experiences were given training on basic food hygiene. Personnel were divided into 4 groups and each group given 8 hours full day training. Topics for training were broadly on 'Food Hygiene', 'Personal Hygiene', 'An Introduction to National and International Food Legislation and how it affects the food handler', and 'Fitness at work based on International Food Standards'. Most participants had an average awareness in food hygiene; this included an appreciation of what could be considered food hazards, whether food hazards are preventable, those in charge of ensuring food safety, and why food handlers need to keep their food safe for their customers. The standard examination consisted of questions like differences between 'use by' and 'best before' dates, the temperature range considered as the danger zone, the appropriate storage temperatures for storing long and short shelf-life products in the freezer, chilling temperatures and how to handle high risk products.	None	Chilling temperatures; Food hazards; Food hygiene; Food legislation; Food services; Foodservice industry; Personal hygiene; Risk products; Safety training; Shelf life; Storage temperatures; Temperature range; Accident prevention; Food storage; Hazards; Personnel; Personnel training; Food safety	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872015530	Evaluation of local and elite Cassava genotypes for resistance to cassava brown streak disease in Uganda	Abaca A., Kawuki R., Tukamuhabwa P., Baguma Y., Pariyo A., Alicai T., Omongo C.A., Bua A.	2012	Journal of Agronomy	11	3	10.3923/ja.2012.65.72	National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, PO. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda; Makerere University Kampala, PO. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	Abaca, A., National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, PO. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda, Makerere University Kampala, PO. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Kawuki, R., National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, PO. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda; Tukamuhabwa, P., Makerere University Kampala, PO. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Baguma, Y., National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, PO. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda; Pariyo, A., National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, PO. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda; Alicai, T., National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, PO. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda; Omongo, C.A., National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, PO. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda; Bua, A., National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, PO. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda	Cassava production in the East African region is seriously being constrained by the devastating Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD) that causes characteristic above and below ground symptoms, making cassava roots unfit for human consumption. Development of cassava varieties that are resistant and/or tolerant to CBSD is an important component in the CBSD management. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was; to evaluate both local and elite cassava genotypes for possible sources of resistance to CBSD. One hundred and sixteen cassava genotypes were screened for CBSD resistance under field conditions. The experiment was laid out using a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates at Namulonge where CBSD pressure is high. A single row plot of six plants per genotype was used. CBSD data were collected monthly for a period of 12 months. Results indicated that foliar and root incidences and severities varied significantly among genotypes (p<0.001). All the local genotypes showed foliar CBSD symptoms with incidence ranging from 0-98% and severity from 1-3.23 whereas, ten of the elite genotypes did not show foliar symptoms. The genotypes NASE 1, MM96/4271, CR 20A-1, TZ06/130, MM96/0686 and MM96/0876 were consistently associated with low CBSD as they had both foliar and root incidence and severity of zero and one, respectively and thus, can be considered parental breeding stock for CBSD resistance breeding. There was a further strong association between CBSD foliar and root symptom as most genotypes that showed foliar symptoms showed root necrosis. © 2012 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Disease pressure; Incidence; Resistance; Root necrosis; Severity	Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855452891	Comparative indices for the evaluation of the effectiveness of intercropping systems in yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria	Abakura J.B., Gungula D.T., Sajo A.A.	2010	Discovery and Innovation	21	04-Mar	None	Department of Vocational Education, Federal University of Technology, Yola (FUTY), Nigeria; Department of Crop Production and Horticulture FUTY, Nigeria	Abakura, J.B., Department of Vocational Education, Federal University of Technology, Yola (FUTY), Nigeria; Gungula, D.T., Department of Crop Production and Horticulture FUTY, Nigeria; Sajo, A.A., Department of Vocational Education, Federal University of Technology, Yola (FUTY), Nigeria	Field experiments were conducted during 2002, 2003, and 2004 rainfed cropping seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, Federal University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria. The experiments were conducted to evaluate the advantages of additive intercropping (maize-groundnut, maize-cowpea and maize-soybean). The indices (models) used included land equivalent ratio (LER), area × time equivalent ratio (ATER) and crop compensation ratio (CCR), which are commonly used to evaluate the effectiveness of intercropping systems. The total LER and ATER of the intercrops were quite similar in three years because the maturity of maize and legumes did not vary significantly among the intercrops and the sole crops in Yola. The yield advantages as per total LER ranged from 64% to 80% while the ATER ranged from 71% to 93% in 2003. The highest value of CCR of 2.70 in 2003 and 2.59 in 2002 were obtained from maize-cowpea grown at 1m × 0.20m., while a value of 1.47 was obtained by maize-groundnut grown at 1m × 0.20m intra row spacing in 2004. This study justified the choice of farmers in the region who more often grow maize-cowpea rather than maize-groundnut or maize-soybean because of the greater compensation ratio associated with maize-cowpea intercropping.	Additive intercropping; Comparative indices; Effectiveness; Yola	Arachis hypogaea; Glycine max; Yola; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881532370	Evaluation of the haematology and biochemistry of Clarias gariepinus as biomakers of environmental pollution in Tiga dam, Nigeria	Abalaka S.E.	2013	Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology	56	3	10.1590/S1516-89132013000300004	Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Abalaka, S.E., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	This study aimed to evaluate the haematological and biochemical changes in Clarias gariepinus as biomarkers of environmental pollution in Tiga dam, Nigeria (wild aquatic environment). Water and fishes were sampled twice, a week apart, from the controlled and the wild aquatic environment. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences between the temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen contents of both aquatic environments. Similarly, there were no significant (p>0.05) changes in the haematological parameters of the reared and wild the C. gariepinus except in their white blood cell counts, which were significantly (p<0.05) higher in wild C. gariepinus. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase (serum enzymes) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the wild C. gariepinus. However, the concentrations of serum total triglyceride (serum metabolite) were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the wild C. gariepinus. The haematological and biochemical alterations in the wild C. gariepinus, which were strongly indicative of cellular damages, might have been a consequence of the toxic pollution of Tiga dam, Nigeria.	Aquatic environment; Blood values; Catfish; Serum enzymes; Serum metabolites	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928629549	Gills and skin histopathological evaluation in African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus exposed to ethanol extract of Adenium obesum stem bark	Abalaka S.E., Fatihu M.Y., Ibrahim N.D.G., Ambali S.F.	2015	Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research	41	1	10.1016/j.ejar.2015.01.005	Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Abalaka, S.E., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Fatihu, M.Y., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ibrahim, N.D.G., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ambali, S.F., Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Histopathological effects of ethanol extract of Adenium obesum stem bark was investigated in the gills and skin of African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus over a 96-h exposure period as an endpoint of toxicity. There was a significant (p<0.05) concentration-dependent mortality in some of the exposed fish. The median lethal concentration of the extract was 7.15mgL-1. The extract caused some histopathological lesions in the gills and skin of the exposed fish. However, the severity but not the type of the lesions observed in the gills and skin of the exposed fish was concentration-dependent. Although the degree of tissue change (DTC) grading indicated moderate damage in the gills of the exposed fish, there were no significant (p>0.05) differences between gills DTC of the exposed and unexposed fish. However, lesions in the skin did not affect the normal functioning of the tissue but significant (p<0.05) differences were recorded in the DTC between the skin of the exposed and the unexposed fish. The extract was toxic to the exposed fish and therefore, A. obesum can be used as a potent organic piscicide for effective fish pond management. © 2015 National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries.	Adenium obesum; Clarias gariepinus; Gills; Histopathology; Skin; Toxicity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60849086515	Chemical evaluation of Gnetum africana and Telferia occidentalis	Abara A.E., Obochi G.O., Malu S.P., Obi-Abang M.	2009	Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry	91	1	10.1080/02772240802015523	Department of Biochemistry, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria	Abara, A.E., Department of Biochemistry, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria; Obochi, G.O., Department of Biochemistry, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria; Malu, S.P., Department of Biochemistry, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria; Obi-Abang, M., Department of Biochemistry, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria	A chemical evaluation of Gnetum africana and Telferia occidentalis was carried out in five randomly selected restaurants in Calabar. The results showed that both Gnetum africana and Telferia occidentalis soups have high caloric values and contain adequate levels of essential minerals, vitamins, amino acids, proteins, and fat, which are needed for a variety of cellular functions in humans, and which would reduce the problem of protein energy malnutrition (PEM). © 2009 Taylor & Francis.	Caloric value; Gnetum africana; Minerals; Telferia occidentalis; Vitamins	Amines; Amino acids; Electric insulators; Minerals; Organic acids; Silica; Vitamins; Calabar; Caloric value; Cellular functions; Chemical evaluations; Gnetum africana; Telferia occidentalis; Nutrition; amino acid; gymnosperm; mineral; protein; vitamin; Gnetum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84948765529	Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal discomfort and its impact on activity: A survey of beverage factory workers in Eastern Nigeria	Abaraogu U.O., Okafor U.A.C., Ezeukwu A.O., Igwe S.E.	2015	Work	52	3	10.3233/WOR-152100	Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos,	Abaraogu, U.O., Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Okafor, U.A.C., Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Ezeukwu, A.O., Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Igwe, S.E., Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria	BACKGROUND: Bottling workers maintain awkward postures while performing machine paced repetitive motions in many of their job tasks and therefore are predisposed to work related musculoskeletal discomfort (WMSD). There is a paucity of literature on prevalence and impact of musculoskeletal discomfort among this occupational group. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted among Eastern Nigerian beverage factory workers to investigate prevalence of WMSD as a first step towards risk factors investigation and ergonomic future intervention. METHOD: A total of 301 workers (8 workstations) completed a modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire in this cross sectional survey. RESULTS: Twelve month prevalence of WMSD was 91.4% and 65.1% had been prevented from doing activity at home or workplace by WMSD in the past 12 months. Shoulder, neck and upper back in that order were the most common complaints. Prevalence of WMSD in body regions were associated with age but not with gender except for neck, upper back, shoulder, and ankle/foot complaints. CONCLUSION: WMSDs are very high among beverage bottling workers. Investigation into the prevailing risk factors especially the work posture and work organization/work psychosocial factors for possible risk exposure in these workers is essential for ergonomic intervention towards work injury prevention. © 2015 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.	activity limitation; beverage bottling; Bottling tasks; mechanical pain	accident prevention; ankle; beverage; body posture; controlled study; exposure; female; foot; gender; human; human experiment; male; neck; prevalence; questionnaire; risk factor; shoulder; worker; workplace	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921938676	Effects of supplementing cassava peels with cassava leaves and cowpea haulms on the performance, intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization of West African Dwarf goats	Abatan O., Oni A.O., Adebayo K., Iposu S., Sowande O.S., Onwuka C.F.I.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	1	10.1007/s11250-014-0695-1	Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production and Health,	Abatan, O., Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Oni, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adebayo, K., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Iposu, S., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Sowande, O.S., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Onwuka, C.F.I., Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	A 16-week experiment was conducted to determine the utilization of ratios of cassava leaf meal, cassava peel and cowpea haulms by West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. Thirty WAD bucks aged 8 ± 1.3 months with body weights of 6–6.5 ± 0.12 kg were divided into five groups of six animals and each group randomly assigned to one of the treatments in a completely randomized design. The five dietary treatments were formulated to contain cassava peels, leaves and cowpea haulms at different proportions of 700:100:175 (T1), 500:200:275 (T2), 300:300:375 (T3) and 100:400:475 (T4) g/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. A standard diet formulated to meet the nutrient requirement of the animals with no cassava and cowpea haulms was used as the control diet (T5). DM intake ranged from 316.16 to 458.73 g/day and significantly increased (linear (L), quadratic (Q), cubic (C): P < 0.05) as the inclusion of cassava peels reduced and cassava leaves and cowpea haulms increased in the diets. The crude protein (CP) intake significantly increased (L, Q, C: P < 0.05) as the inclusion of cassava peels reduced and cassava leaves and cowpea haulms increased in the diets. Growth rate values significantly (L: P < 0.05; Q: P < 0.01) ranged from 21.55 g/day in T1 to 43.09 g/day in T4. The feed conversion ratio was significantly (L, Q: P <0.01) lowest in T4 (11.35) and was highest in animals in T5 (14.33). Dry matter digestibility significantly (L, Q, C: P < 0.05) ranged from 78.94 to 89.52 %. The digestibility increased as the inclusion of cassava leaves and cowpea haulms increased and reduced cassava peels in the diets. The highest N intake of 14.75 g/day obtained in T4 was significantly (L: P < 0.01; Q, C: P < 0.05) different from the values of 9.26, 10.56, 11.31 and 12.02 in T1, T2, T3 and T5, respectively. Nitrogen balance values significantly (L, Q, C: P < 0.05) ranged from 2.75 g/day in T1 to 9.15 g/day in T4. It is recommended that cassava peels, leaves and cowpea haulms in the proportion of 100:400:475 g/kg DM improved the growth and digestibility of WAD goats and can therefore be used to sustain animal performance during the dry season in a total mixed ration. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Cassava leaves; Cassava peels; Cowpea haulms; Nitrogen; Performance; WAD goats	nitrogen; Africa; analysis; animal; animal food; body weight; chemistry; controlled study; diet; diet supplementation; digestion; drug effects; goat; growth, development and aging; Manihot; metabolism; plant leaf; randomized controlled trial; veterinary; Africa, Western; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Weight; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Goats; Manihot; Nitrogen; Plant Leaves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865576650	The Impact of Asymptomatic Helminth Co-Infection in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Tuberculosis in North-West Ethiopia	Abate E., Belayneh M., Gelaw A., Idh J., Getachew A., Alemu S., Diro E., Fikre N., Britton S., Elias D., Aseffa A., Stendahl O., Schön T.	2012	PLoS ONE	7	8	10.1371/journal.pone.0042901	Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; Department of Medical Microbiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Medical Faculty, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Radiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; Department of Parasitology, Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Odense, Denmark; Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden	Abate, E., Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia, Department of Medical Microbiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Belayneh, M., Medical Faculty, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Gelaw, A., Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; Idh, J., Department of Medical Microbiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Getachew, A., Department of Radiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; Alemu, S., Department of Internal Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; Diro, E., Department of Internal Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; Fikre, N., Department of Parasitology, Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Britton, S., Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Elias, D., University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Odense, Denmark; Aseffa, A., Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Stendahl, O., Department of Medical Microbiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Schön, T., Department of Medical Microbiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kalmar County Hospital, Kalmar, Sweden	Background: Areas endemic of helminth infection, tuberculosis (TB) and HIV are to a large extent overlapping. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of asymptomatic helminth infection on the immunological response among TB patients with and without HIV, their house hold contacts and community controls. Methodology: Consecutive smear positive TB patients (n = 112), their household contacts (n = 71) and community controls (n = 112) were recruited in Gondar town, Ethiopia. Stool microscopy, HIV serology, serum IgE level, eosinophil and CD4 counts were performed and tuberculosis patients were followed up for 3 months after initiation of anti-TB treatment. Results: Helminth co-infection rate was 29% in TB patients and 21% in both community control and household contacts (p = 0.3) where Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent parasite. In TB patients the seroprevalence of HIV was 47% (53/112). Eosinophilia and elevated IgE level were significantly associated with asymptomatic helminth infection. During TB treatment, the worm infection rate of HIV+/TB patients declined from 31% (10/32) at week 0 to 9% (3/32) at week 2 of TB treatment, whereas HIV-/TB patients showed no change from baseline to week 2, 29% (13/45) vs. 22.2% (10/45). This trend was stable at week 8 and 12 as well. Conclusion: One third of smear positive TB patients were infected with helminths. Eosinophilia and elevated IgE level correlated with asymptomatic worm infection, indicating an effect on host immunity. The rate of worm infection declined during TB treatment in HIV+/TB co-infected patients whereas no decline was seen in HIV-/TB group. © 2012 Abate et al.	None	immunoglobulin E; tuberculostatic agent; adolescent; adult; aged; article; Ascaris lumbricoides; asymptomatic infection; CD4 lymphocyte count; controlled study; endemic disease; eosinophilia; Ethiopia; feces analysis; female; helminth; helminthiasis; human; immune response; infection rate; major clinical study; male; mixed infection; prevalence; serology; seroprevalence; tuberculosis; worm infection; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Antigens, CD4; Coinfection; Communicable Disease Control; Comorbidity; Ethiopia; Female; Helminthiasis; Helminths; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Infectious Disease Medicine; Male; Middle Aged; Time Factors; Tuberculosis; Ascaris lumbricoides; Vermes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69249112209	Pastoralists perceptions and rangeland evaluation for livestock production in south eastern Ethiopia	Abate T., Ebro A., Nigatu L.	2009	Livestock Research for Rural Development	21	7	None	Hawassa University, Department of Animal and Range Science, P. O. Box, 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Adami Tulu Agriculture Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Haromaya University, P.O.Box, 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Abate, T., Hawassa University, Department of Animal and Range Science, P. O. Box, 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Ebro, A., Adami Tulu Agriculture Research Center, P.O.Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Nigatu, L., Haromaya University, P.O.Box, 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	This paper reports the results of a study carried out to examine the traditional rangeland utilization practices, and evaluation of the rangelands in Rayitu district of south-Eastern Ethiopia. Traditional pastoralists' rangeland utilization practices were assessed using structured questionnaires and group discussions. The rangelands were evaluated by stratifying the district in altitude and grazing types using grass, soil and woody layers parameters. About 91% of the pastoralists replied that the condition of their rangelands was poor and the main problems were drought, overgrazing and bush encroachment. Over 86% reported that compared to past, their grazing lands are now covered with bushes and shrubs. Annual and less desirable grass species dominated the communal grazing sites while perennial and highly desirable grass species were most frequent in the benchmark sites. Mean total range condition score in the communal, enclosure and benchmark sites were 23.40 ±1.35 (poor), 39 ± 1.35 (fair) and 50.42 ±0.9 (good), respectively. The perception and rangeland evaluation studies confirmed that the communal grazing sites have deteriorated in condition and need improvement interventions. The enclosure sites were in transitional state from poor to fair condition and this suggests a need for intervention to improve their condition while the benchmark sites need maintenance of their present condition.	Altitude; Biomass; Grazing types; Species composition; Traditional rangeland utilization	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924066605	Efficacy and pharmacokinetic evaluation of a novel anti-malarial compound (NP046) in a mouse model	Abay E.T., Van Der Westuizen J.H., Swart K.J., Gibhard L., Lawrence N., Dambuza N., Wilhelm A., Pravin K., Wiesner L.	2015	Malaria Journal	14	1	10.1186/1475-2875-14-8	Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; PAREXEL International Clinical Research Organization, Private Bag X09, Brandhof, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Research Development, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Abay, E.T., Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa, PAREXEL International Clinical Research Organization, Private Bag X09, Brandhof, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Van Der Westuizen, J.H., Research Development, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Swart, K.J., PAREXEL International Clinical Research Organization, Private Bag X09, Brandhof, Bloemfontein, South Africa, Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Gibhard, L., Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Lawrence, N., Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Dambuza, N., Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Wilhelm, A., Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Pravin, K., Research Development, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Wiesner, L., Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: Even though malaria is a completely preventable and treatable disease, it remains a threat to human life and a burden to the global economy due to the emergence of multiple-drug resistant malaria parasites. According to the World Malaria Report 2013, in 2012 there were an estimated 207 million malaria cases and 627,000 deaths. Thus, the discovery and development of new, effective anti-malarial drugs are required. To achieve this goal, the Department of Chemistry at the University of the Free State has synthesized a number of novel amino-alkylated chalcones and analogues, which showed in vitro anti-malarial activity against both chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. The lead compound (NP046) was selected for a comprehensive pharmacokinetic (PK) and in vivo efficacy evaluation in a mouse model. Methods: In vivo efficacy: Water solutions of NP046 were administered orally at 50 and 10 mg/kg using oral gavage and IV at 5 and 1 mg/kg via the dorsal penile vein to Plasmodium berghei (ANKA strain) infected male C57BL/6 mice (n = 5), once a day for four days. Blood samples were collected via tail bleeding in tubes containing phosphate buffer saline (PBS) on day five to determine the % parasitaemia by flow cytometry. In vivo PK: NP046 solutions in water were administered orally (50 and 10 mg/kg) and IV (5 mg/kg) to male C57BL/6 mice (n = 5). Blood samples were collected via tail bleeding into heparinized tubes and analysed using a validated LC-MS/MS assay. Data obtained from the concentration-time profile was evaluated using Summit PK software to determine the PK parameters of NP046. Results: NP046 inhibited parasite growth for the oral and IV groups. Better parasite growth inhibition was observed for the IV group. The PK evaluation of NP046 showed low oral bioavailability (3.2% and 6% at 50 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg dose, respectively and a moderate mean half-life ranging from 3.1 to 4.4 hours. Conclusion: Even though the oral bioavailability of NP046 is low, its percentage parasite growth inhibition is promising, but in order to improve the oral bioavailability, structure-activity-relationship (SAR) optimization studies are currently being conducted. © 2015 Abay et al.	Drug development; In vivo efficacy; Malaria; Pharmacokinetics	antimalarial agent; chloroquine; hydrocortisone; np 046; reserpine; unclassified drug; animal experiment; antimalarial activity; area under the curve; Article; blood sampling; controlled study; drug bioavailability; drug clearance; drug efficacy; drug penetration; flow cytometry; in vivo study; lipophilicity; liquid chromatography; male; maximum plasma concentration; mouse; nonhuman; pharmacokinetics; plasma concentration-time curve; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium berghei infection; tandem mass spectrometry; time to maximum plasma concentration	MRC, South African Medical Research Council
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960467519	Peri-urban spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) in Northern Ethiopia: Diet, economic impact, and abundance	Abay G.Y., Bauer H., Gebrihiwot K., Deckers J.	2011	European Journal of Wildlife Research	57	4	10.1007/s10344-010-0484-8	Department of Biology, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 3072, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Catholic University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium	Abay, G.Y., Department of Biology, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 3072, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Bauer, H., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Catholic University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Gebrihiwot, K., Department of Biology, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 3072, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Deckers, J., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Catholic University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium	Global declines of carnivores are related to difficult integration with human land use, in particular conflicts caused by livestock depredation. Spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) live in remarkably close proximity to humans in the degraded and prey-depleted Enderta district, northern Ethiopia. Their diet and interaction with people were investigated in sub-districts close to the regional capital, Mekelle. We interviewed 1,686 randomly selected households from three sub-districts, Debri, Aynalem, and Felege Selam, about livestock management and incidence of depredation from 2005 to 2009. Livestock loss amounted to 492 heads over 5 years; an annual mean of 0.6% worth US$ 7,042. We also performed a survey giving a minimum population estimate of 60 hyenas in the three sub-districts; all but four were found in church forests where they are traditionally tolerated and protected. A total of 1,200 hyena scats were analyzed to determine prey species; the diet contained only domestic species, with sheep being by far the most common prey species. About 5. 5% of fecal analysis contained human hairs. We conclude that hyenas depended entirely on domestic prey species, partly through depredation but more importantly through scavenging on (peri-) urban waste. Under the particular local circumstances, continued coexistence appears possible, provided that damage remains tolerable. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.	Conflict; Depredation; Livestock; Spotted hyena	Crocuta crocuta; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953975446	Evaluation of histopathology, real-time PCR and virus isolation for diagnosis of infectious salmon anaemia in Norwegian salmon using latent class analysis	Abayneh T., Toft N., Mikalsen A.B., Brun E., Sandberg M.	2010	Journal of Fish Diseases	33	6	10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01139.x	Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre-zeit, Ethiopia; Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway; National Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway	Abayneh, T., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre-zeit, Ethiopia; Toft, N., Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Mikalsen, A.B., Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway; Brun, E., National Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway; Sandberg, M., National Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway	[No abstract available]	Diagnostic test evaluation; Infectious salmon anaemia; Latent class analysis; Real time PCR	animal; animal disease; article; fish disease; isolation and purification; methodology; Norway; Orthomyxovirus; orthomyxovirus infection; pathology; polymerase chain reaction; reproducibility; salmon; sensitivity and specificity; virology; fish disease; isolation and purification; Norway; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Orthomyxovirus; polymerase chain reaction; procedures; veterinary; virology; Animals; Fish Diseases; Isavirus; Norway; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reproducibility of Results; Salmon; Sensitivity and Specificity; Animals; Fish Diseases; Isavirus; Norway; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reproducibility of Results; Salmon; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952612956	Impact of the HIV epidemic and Anti-Retroviral Treatment policy on lymphoma incidence and subtypes seen in the Western Cape of South Africa, 2002-2009: Preliminary findings of the Tygerberg Lymphoma Study Group	Abayomi E.A., Somers A., Grewal R., Sissolak G., Bassa F., Maartens D., Jacobs P., Stefan C., Ayers L.W.	2011	Transfusion and Apheresis Science	44	2	10.1016/j.transci.2011.01.007	Division of Haematopathology, Tygerberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Division of Clinical Haematology, Tygerberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Division of Anatomical Pathology, Tygerberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics, Tygerberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43240, United States; Sub-Saharan Africa Lymphoma Consortium (SSALC/NCI), South Africa	Abayomi, E.A., Division of Haematopathology, Tygerberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa Lymphoma Consortium (SSALC/NCI), South Africa; Somers, A., Division of Haematopathology, Tygerberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Grewal, R., Division of Haematopathology, Tygerberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Sissolak, G., Division of Clinical Haematology, Tygerberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Bassa, F., Division of Clinical Haematology, Tygerberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Maartens, D., Division of Anatomical Pathology, Tygerberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Jacobs, P., Division of Haematopathology, Tygerberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Stefan, C., Department of Paediatrics, Tygerberg Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Ayers, L.W., Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43240, United States, Sub-Saharan Africa Lymphoma Consortium (SSALC/NCI), South Africa	The Tygerberg Lymphoma Study Group was constituted in 2007 to quantify the impact of HIV on the pattern and burden of lymphoma cases in the Western Cape of South Africa which currently has an HIV prevalence of 15%. South Africa has had an Anti-Retroviral Treatment (ART) policy and a roll-out plan since 2004 attaining 31% effective coverage in 2009. This study is designed to qualify and establish the impact of HIV epidemic and the ARV roll-out treatment program on the incidence of HIV Related Lymphoma (HRL). Early data document that despite the ART roll out, cases of HRL are increasing in this geographical location, now accounting for 37% of all lymphomas seen in 2009 which is an increase from 5% in 2002. This is in contrast to trends seen in developed environments following the introduction of ART. Also noted are the emergence of subtypes not previously seen in this location such as Burkitt and plasmablastic lymphomas. Burkitt lymphoma is now the commonest HRL seen in this population followed by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma subtypes. The reasons for this observed increase in HRL are not ascribable to improved diagnostic capacity as the tertiary institute in which these diagnoses are made has had significant expertise in this regard for over a decade. We ascribe this paradoxical finding to an ART treatment environment that is ineffective for a diversity of reasons, paramount of which are poor coverage, late commencement of ART and incomplete viral suppression. © 2011.	None	antiretrovirus agent; angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia; article; Burkitt lymphoma; cancer incidence; diagnostic procedure; epidemic; follicular lymphoma; health care policy; Hodgkin disease; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; human tissue; immunohistochemistry; large cell lymphoma; lymphoblastoma; lymphocytoma; lymphoma; major clinical study; marginal zone lymphoma; peripheral T cell lymphoma; plasmablastic lymphoma; primary effusion lymphoma; South Africa; trend study; Anti-HIV Agents; Communicable Disease Control; Epidemics; Health Policy; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Incidence; Lymphoma; Public Health; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925263610	Clinical evaluation of the OneStep Gonorrhea RapiCard InstaTest for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in symptomatic patients from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Abbai N.S., Moodley P., Reddy T., Zondi T.G., Rambaran S., Naidoo K., Ramjee G.	2015	Journal of Clinical Microbiology	53	4	10.1128/JCM.03603-14	HIV Prevention Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Westville, Durban, South Africa; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Infectious Diseases, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Infection Prevention and Control, KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health, Durban, South Africa; Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Abbai, N.S., HIV Prevention Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Westville, Durban, South Africa; Moodley, P., Infectious Diseases, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Infection Prevention and Control, KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health, Durban, South Africa; Reddy, T., Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Zondi, T.G., HIV Prevention Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Westville, Durban, South Africa; Rambaran, S., Infectious Diseases, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Naidoo, K., Infectious Diseases, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Ramjee, G., HIV Prevention Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Westville, Durban, South Africa, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	We evaluated a point-of-care test for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in patients attending a public health clinic in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The test showed a low sensitivity against PCR and culture (<40%); however, a higher specificity was observed (>95%). This test is unsuitable as a screening tool for gonorrhea. Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	bacterial antigen; Article; bacterium culture; bacterium detection; bioassay; female; gonorrhea; human; human tissue; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; male; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; nonhuman; OneStep Gonorrhea RapiCard InstaTest; point of care testing; polymerase chain reaction; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; South Africa; strand displacement amplification assay; Neisseria gonorrhoeae	None
None	None	Performance of the ALICE VZERO system	Abbas E., Abelev B., Adam J., Adamová D., Adare A.M., Aggarwal M.M., Aglieri Rinella G., Agnello M., Agocs A.G., Agostinelli A., Ahammed Z., Ahmad N., Ahmad Masoodi A., Ahmed I., Ahn S.A., Ahn S.U., Aimo I., Ajaz M., Akindinov A., Aleksandrov D., Alessand	2013	Journal of Instrumentation	8	10	10.1088/1748-0221/8/10/P10016	Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT), Cairo, Egypt; A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico; Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine; Bose Institute, Department of Physics, Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India; Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation; California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, United States; Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China; Centre de Calcul de lIN2P3, Villeurbanne, France; Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba; Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico; Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy; Chicago State University, Chicago, United States; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, France; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan; Departamento de Fisica de Particulas, IGFAE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India; Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza and Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica E.R. Caianiello, Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Gruppo Collegato INFN, Alessandria, Italy; Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Division of Experimental High Energy Physics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden; European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Fachhochschule Köln, Köln, Germany; Faculty of Engineering, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway; Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia; Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea; Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India; Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India; Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, (IITI), India; Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France; Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russian Federation; Institute for Nuclear Research, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russian Federation; Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, KoŠice, Slovakia; Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India; Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Space Sciences (ISS), Bucharest, Romania; Institut für Informatik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany; Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-IN2P3, Strasbourg, France; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russian Federation; Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea; KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey; Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France; Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy; Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN, Legnaro, Italy; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States; Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation; National Centre for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland; National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania; National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, India; Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States; Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russian Federation; Physics Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States; Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Physics Department, University of Cape Town, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa; Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India; Physics Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India; Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy; Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea; Research Division, ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Rudjer BoŠković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia; Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russian Federation; Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation; Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Sección Fisica, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perü, Lima, Peru; Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy; Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy; Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy; Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy; Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy; Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom; SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand; Technical University of Split FESB, Split, Croatia; Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland; University of Texas at Austin, Physics Department, Austin, TX, United States; Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico; Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; University of Technology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States; University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India; Vestfold University College, Tonsberg, Norway; V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey; Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Zentrum für Technologietransfer und Telekommunikation (ZTT), Fachhochschule Worms, Worms, Germany; M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, D.V.Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, Russian Federation; University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland	Abbas, E., Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT), Cairo, Egypt; Abelev, B., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States; Adam, J., Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Adamová, D., Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic; Adare, A.M., Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Aggarwal, M.M., Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; Aglieri Rinella, G., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland, Fachhochschule Köln, Köln, Germany; Agnello, M., Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy, Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Agocs, A.G., Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Agostinelli, A., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Ahammed, Z., Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India; Ahmad, N., Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India; Ahmad Masoodi, A., Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India; Ahmed, I., COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan; Ahn, S.A., Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea; Ahn, S.U., Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, South Korea; Aimo, I., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy, Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Ajaz, M., COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan; Akindinov, A., Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russian Federation; Aleksandrov, D., Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation; Alessandro, B., Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Alexandre, D., School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Alfaro Molina, R., Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Alici, A., Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy, Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Alkin, A., Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine; Almaráz Aviña, E., Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Alme, J., Faculty of Engineering, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway; Alt, T., Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Altini, V., Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Altinpinar, S., Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Altsybeev, I., V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Andrei, C., National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania; Andronic, A., Research Division, ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Anguelov, V., Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Anielski, J., Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Anson, C., Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Antičic, T., Rudjer BoŠković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia; Antinori, F., Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy; Antonioli, P., Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Aphecetche, L., SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Appelshauser, H., Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Arbor, N., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France; Arcelli, S., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Arend, A., Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Armesto, N., Departamento de Fisica de Particulas, IGFAE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Arnaldi, R., Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Aronsson, T., Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Arsene, I.C., Research Division, ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Arslandok, M., Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Asryan, A., V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Augustinus, A., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Averbeck, R., Research Division, ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Awes, T.C., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States; Äystö, J., Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Azmi, M.D., Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India, Physics Department, University of Cape Town, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa; Bach, M., Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Badalà, A., Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy; Baek, Y.W., Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Bailhache, R., Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Bala, R., Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India, Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Baldisseri, A., Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, France; Baltasar Dos Santos Pedrosa, F., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Bán, J., Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, KoŠice, Slovakia; Baral, R.C., Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India; Barbera, R., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy; Barile, F., Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Barnaföldi, G.G., Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Barnby, L.S., School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Barret, V., Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Bartke, J., Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland; Basile, M., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Bastid, N., Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Basu, S., Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India; Bathen, B., Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Batigne, G., SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Batyunya, B., Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russian Federation; Batzing, P.C., Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Baumann, C., Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Bearden, I.G., Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Beck, H., Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Behera, N.K., Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India; Belikov, I., Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-IN2P3, Strasbourg, France; Bellini, F., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Bellwied, R., University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Belmont-Moreno, E., Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Bencedi, G., Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Beole, S., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Berceanu, I., National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania; Bercuci, A., National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania; Berdnikov, Y., Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russian Federation; Berenyi, D., Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Bergognon, A.A.E., SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Bertens, R.A., Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Berzano, D., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy, Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Betev, L., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Bhasin, A., Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India; Bhati, A.K., Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; Bhom, J., University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Bianchi, L., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Bianchi, N., Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy; Bianchin, C., Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Bielčík, J., Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Bielčíková, J., Nuclear Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic; Bilandzic, A., Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Bjelogrlic, S., Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Blanco, F., Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Blanco, F., University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Blau, D., Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation; Blume, C., Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Boccioli, M., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Böttger, S., Institut für Informatik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Bogdanov, A., Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation; Bøggild, H., Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Bogolyubsky, M., Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russian Federation; Boldizsár, L., Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Bombara, M., Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia; Book, J., Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Borel, H., Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, France; Borissov, A., Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Bossu, F., Physics Department, University of Cape Town, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa; Botje, M., Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Botta, E., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Braidot, E., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States; Braun-Munzinger, P., Research Division, ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Bregant, M., SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Breitner, T., Institut für Informatik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Broker, T.A., Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Browning, T.A., Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Broz, M., Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Brun, R., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Bruna, E., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy, Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Bruno, G.E., Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Budnikov, D., Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russian Federation; Buesching, H., Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Bufalino, S., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy, Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Buncic, P., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Busch, O., Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Buthelezi, Z., Physics Department, University of Cape Town, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa; Caffarri, D., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy, Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy; Cai, X., Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China; Caines, H., Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Calvo Villar, E., Sección Fisica, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perü, Lima, Peru; Camerini, P., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy; Canoa Roman, V., Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico; Cara Romeo, G., Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Carena, W., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Carena, F., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Carlin Filho, N., Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Carminati, F., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Casanova Díaz, A., Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy; Castillo Castellanos, J., Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, France; Castillo Hernandez, J.F., Research Division, ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Casula, E.A.R., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy; Catanescu, V., National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania; Cavicchioli, C., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Ceballos Sanchez, C., Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba; Cepila, J., Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Cerello, P., Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Chang, B., Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland, Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Chapeland, S., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Charvet, J.L., Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, France; Chattopadhyay, S., Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India; Chattopadhyay, S., Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Cherney, M., Physics Department, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States; Cheshkov, C., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Cheynis, B., Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Chibante Barroso, V., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Chinellato, D.D., University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Chochula, P., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Chojnacki, M., Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Choudhury, S., Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India; Christakoglou, P., Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Christensen, C.H., Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Christiansen, P., Division of Experimental High Energy Physics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden; Chujo, T., University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Chung, S.U., Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea; Cicalo, C., Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy; Cifarelli, L., Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Cindolo, F., Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Cleymans, J., Physics Department, University of Cape Town, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa; Colamaria, F., Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Colella, D., Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Collu, A., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy; Conesa Balbastre, G., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France; Conesa Del Valle, Z., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France; Connors, M.E., Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Contin, G., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy; Contreras, J.G., Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico; Cormier, T.M., Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Corrales Morales, Y., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Cortese, P., Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Gruppo Collegato INFN, Alessandria, Italy; Cortés Maldonado, I., Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico; Cosentino, M.R., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States; Costa, F., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Cotallo, M.E., Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Crescio, E., Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico; Crochet, P., Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Cruz Alaniz, E., Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Cruz Albino, R., Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico; Cuautle, E., Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Cunqueiro, L., Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy; Dainese, A., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy, Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy; Dang, R., Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China; Danu, A., Institute of Space Sciences (ISS), Bucharest, Romania; Das, K., Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Das, I., Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France; Das, S., Bose Institute, Department of Physics, Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India; Das, D., Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Dash, S., Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India; Dash, A., Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; De, S., Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India; De Barros, G.O.V., Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; De Caro, A., Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica E.R. Caianiello, Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy; De Cataldo, G., Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; De Cuveland, J., Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; De Falco, A., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy; De Gruttola, D., Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica E.R. Caianiello, Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy; Delagrange, H., SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Deloff, A., National Centre for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland; De Marco, N., Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Dénes, E., Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; De Pasquale, S., Dipartimento di Fisica E.R. Caianiello, Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy; Deppman, A., Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; D Erasmo, G., Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; De Rooij, R., Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Diaz Corchero, M.A., Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Di Bari, D., Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Dietel, T., Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Di Giglio, C., Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Di Liberto, S., Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy; Di Mauro, A., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Di Nezza, P., Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy; Divià, R., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Djuvsland, Ø., Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dobrin, A., Division of Experimental High Energy Physics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden, Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; Dobrowolski, T., National Centre for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland; Dönigus, B., Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany, Research Division, ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Dordic, O., Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Dubey, A.K., Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India; Dubla, A., Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Ducroux, L., Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Dupieux, P., Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Dutta Majumdar, A.K., Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Elia, D., Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Emschermann, D., Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Engel, H., Institut für Informatik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Erazmus, B., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland, SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Erdal, H.A., Faculty of Engineering, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway; Eschweiler, D., Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Espagnon, B., Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France; Estienne, M., SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Esumi, S., University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Evans, D., School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Evdokimov, S., Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russian Federation; Eyyubova, G., Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Fabris, D., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy, Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy; Faivre, J., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France; Falchieri, D., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Fantoni, A., Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy; Fasel, M., Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Fehlker, D., Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Feldkamp, L., Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Felea, D., Institute of Space Sciences (ISS), Bucharest, Romania; Feliciello, A., Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Fenton-Olsen, B., Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States; Feofilov, G., V. Fock Institute for Physics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Fernández Téllez, A., Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico; Ferretti, A., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Festanti, A., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy; Figiel, J., Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland; Figueredo, M.A.S., Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil; Filchagin, S., Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russian Federation; Finogeev, D., Institute for Nuclear Research, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; Fionda, F.M., Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Fiore, E.M., Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Floratos, E., Physics Department, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Floris, M., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Foertsch, S., Physics Department, University of Cape Town, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa; Foka, P., Research Division, ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Fokin, S., Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation; Fragiacomo, E., Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy; Francescon, A., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Frankenfeld, U., Research Division, ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Fuchs, U., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Furget, C., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France; Fusco Girard, M., Dipartimento di Fisica E.R. Caianiello, Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy; Gaardhøje, J.J., Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Gagliardi, M., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Gago, A., Sección Fisica, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perü, Lima, Peru; Gallio, M., Dipartimento di Fisica, Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy; Gangadharan, D.R., Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Ganoti, P., Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States; Garabatos, C., Research Division, ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Garcia-Solis, E., Chicago State University, Chicago, United States; Gargiulo, C., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Garishvili, I., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States; Gerhard, J., Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Germain, M., SUBATECH, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; Geuna, C., Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, IRFU, Saclay, France; Gheata, M., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland, Institute of Space Sciences (ISS), Bucharest, Romania; Gheata, A., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Ghidini, B., Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica M. Merlin, Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy; Ghosh, P., Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, India; Gianotti, P., Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, Frascati, Italy; Giubellino, P., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Gladysz-Dziadus, E., Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland; Glassel, P., Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Gomez, R., Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico; Ferreiro, E.G., Departamento de Fisica de Particulas, IGFAE, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; González-Trueba, L.H., Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; González-Zamora, P., Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Gorbunov, S., Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Goswami, A., Physics Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India; Gotovac, S., Technical University of Split FESB, Split, Croatia; Grabski, V., Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Graczykowski, L.K., Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland; Grajcarek, R., Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Grelli, A., Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Grigoras, C., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Grigoras, A., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Grigoriev, V., Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation; Grigoryan, A., A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia; Grigoryan, S., Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russian Federation; Grinyov, B., Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kiev, Ukraine; Grion, N., Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy; Gros, P., Division of Experimental High Energy Physics, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden; Grosse-Oetringhaus, J.F., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Grossiord, J.-Y., Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Grosso, R., European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland; Guber, F., Institute for Nuclear Research, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; Guernane, R., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier, Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France; Guerzoni, B., Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy; Guilbaud, M., Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; Gulbrandsen, K., Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Gulkanyan, H., A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia; Gunji, T., University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Gupta, A., Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India; Gupta, R., Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India; Haake, R., Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany; Haaland, Ø., Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Hadjidakis, C., Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France; Haiduc, M., Institute of Space Sciences (ISS), Bucharest, Romania; Hamagaki, H., University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Hamar, G., Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Han, B.H., Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea; Hanratty, L.D., School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Hansen, A., Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Harmanová-Tothová, Z., Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik	None	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84953222801	Testicular and Related Size Evaluations in Nigerian Sahel Goats with Optimal Cauda Epididymal Sperm Reserve	Abba Y., Igbokwe I.O.	2015	Veterinary Medicine International	2015	None	10.1155/2015/357519	Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang	Abba, Y., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Igbokwe, I.O., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, PMB 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria	Testicular sizes of animals are important for identification of those with adequate sperm production. The aim of this study was to define the testicular and related size estimates that would be associated with optimal cauda epididymal sperm counts (ESC) in Sahel goats based on postmortem evaluations. A stratified quota sample population of 125 male goats inclusive of all testicular sizes was taken at a slaughterhouse in Maiduguri, Nigeria. The bucks were aged 18-30 months and weighed 17.04 ± 2.99 (12-25) kg. Body, testicular, and epididymal weights of each goat with other related size measurements were estimated. ESC was determined from homogenized tissue using a manual cytometer. At the cut-off ESC of &gt;1.1 × 109 sperm heads, 66 (52.80%) of the goats had optimal ESC which was associated with testicular weight of 59.90 ± 16.10 (31.40-86.20) g, gonadosomatic index of 3.51 ± 0.69 (2.00-4.50) g/kg, and scrotal circumference of 19.07 ± 1.29 (17.00-21.80) cm. The size variables of the scrotum and testis correlated with one another and with the ESC. These findings provide data that may be used to anticipate adequate antemortem sperm reserve based on testicular size during preliminary selection of sires for breeding from a sexually mature Sahel buck population. © 2015 Y. Abba and I. O. Igbokwe.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858280812	Evaluation of cost-effectiveness of live oral pentavalent reassortant rotavirus vaccine introduction in Ghana	Abbott C., Tiede B., Armah G., Mahmoud A.	2012	Vaccine	30	15	10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.076	Departments of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Molecular Biology, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Department of Electron Microscopy and Histopathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Abbott, C., Departments of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Molecular Biology, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Tiede, B., Departments of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Molecular Biology, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Armah, G., Department of Electron Microscopy and Histopathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Mahmoud, A., Departments of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Molecular Biology, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States	Background: Globally, rotavirus gastroenteritis is the most common identifiable cause of severe diarrhea in children under 5. Recently introduced rotavirus vaccines from Merck &amp; Co. and GlaxoSmithKline have the potential to save hundreds of thousands of lives. Efficacy results in Ghana suggest Merck &amp; Co.'s live oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq ®) prevents 65.0% of severe gastroenteritis due to rotavirus infection in children under 5. The announcement by Merck and GSK to make their rotavirus vaccines available for developing nations at reduced prices provides Ghana with the opportunity to introduce rotavirus vaccines into the national immunization program after investigation of the medical, economic and political implications. Methods: We estimated the average costs of treating children with diarrhea in the Ashanti region of Ghana as inpatients and outpatients. Using these results, data from rotavirus surveillance studies, and recent rotavirus vaccine efficacy evaluation, we estimated the cost-effectiveness of introducing RotaTeq in Ghana. Results: Based on our prospective calculations, we estimated an average inpatient and outpatient costs of $233.97 and $17.09, respectively, for treating childhood diarrhea. Using the 2003 birth cohort, RotaTeq introduction could save 1554 lives and avert 93,109 disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) annually. At a market price of $5 per dose, introducing RotaTeq would have a base-case cost of $62.26 per DALY averted, at a market price of $3.50 per dose, a base-case cost of $39.59 per DALY averted and at market cost of $1 per dose, a base-case cost of $1.81 per DALY averted. All three values are below the 2009 Ghana per capita GDP. Thus, RotaTeq introduction into Ghana will be very cost-effective. Sensitivity analyses suggest these results are robust. Conclusions: RotaTeq vaccination for children under five in Ghana would be a highly cost-effective public health intervention. Ghanaian health officials should seek GAVI funding and evaluate how to maximize RotaTeq access. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Cost-effectiveness; Ghana; Rotavirus vaccine	Rotavirus vaccine; article; childhood disease; cost effectiveness analysis; drug cost; female; Ghana; health care cost; human; infectious diarrhea; major clinical study; male; priority journal; Rotavirus infection; sensitivity analysis; vaccination; Child, Preschool; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diarrhea; Female; Gastroenteritis; Ghana; Health Care Costs; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Rotavirus Infections; Rotavirus Vaccines; Vaccines, Attenuated	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41949093182	The effects of dietary graded Leucaena leucocephala seeds on performance and blood parameters in broiler chicks	Abdelati K.A., Ahmed M.E., Mohamed H.H.	2008	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	7	2	None	Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 71, 13314 Khartoum, Sudan; Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Fish Sciences, Alneelain University, P.O. Box 12702, Sudan; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Health, Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Abdelati, K.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 71, 13314 Khartoum, Sudan; Ahmed, M.E., Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Fish Sciences, Alneelain University, P.O. Box 12702, Sudan; Mohamed, H.H., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Health, Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	The core objective of this study was to assess the effects of different dietary Leucaena leucocephala seed on the performance and some blood parameters in broiler, chick. Seeds were included at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% in the diet of one hundred twenty one-day-old unsexed broiler chicks. The results showed that, feed intake, body weight gain and PER were significantly (p≤0.01) depressed with the inclusion of 6, 9 and 12% leucaena seeds in the diet. Feed intake, body weight gain and PER were negatively correlated (p≤0.05) with levels of inclusion of leucaena seeds. However, overall FCR, haematological parameters, plasma albumin, glucose and mortality rate were not influenced (p≤0.05) by dietary treatments. Inclusion of dietary leucaena significantly decreased plasma Ca, Na, total protein and cholesterol. While plasma Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase GOT, alkaline phosphatase ALP and uric acid were increased with the increase in levels of leucaena in the broiler diets. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Amino acids and cholesterol; Broiler; Leucaena leucocephala	albumin; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; calcium; cholesterol; glucose; protein; sodium; uric acid; albumin blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; animal experiment; article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; calcium blood level; chick; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; diet; food intake; glucose blood level; hematological parameters; legume; leucaena leucocephala; mortality; nonhuman; nutritional value; plant seed; protein blood level; sodium blood level; uric acid blood level; weight gain; Leucaena; Leucaena leucocephala	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856211123	Mutagenicity, antimutagenicity and cytotoxicity evaluation of South African Podocarpus species	Abdillahi H.S., Verschaeve L., Finnie J.F., Van Staden J.	2012	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	139	3	10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.044	Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Department of Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstreet 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium	Abdillahi, H.S., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Verschaeve, L., Department of Toxicology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstreet 14, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Finnie, J.F., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Van Staden, J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Four species of Podocarpus are used in traditional medicine both in human and animal healthcare in South Africa. In vitro pharmacological screening of leaf and stem extracts of these species exhibited potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tyrosinase, anthelmintic, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Aim of the study: To investigate the mutagenicity, antimutagenicity and cytotoxicity effects of leaf and stem extract of South African Podocarpus species. Material and methods: The mutagenicity and cytotoxic effects of extracts from four species of Podocarpus were tested using the Salmonella/microsome assay with and without metabolic activation, based on the plate-incorporation method and neutral red uptake (NRU) assay respectively. Five Salmonella typhimurium tester strains; TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535 and TA1537 were used for mutagenicity testing. The relative cytotoxicity of the extracts was assessed by determining their NI 50 values (50% inhibition of NRU). Results: The extracts did not show any mutagenic effects against all the tester strains with or without metabolic activation. All extracts demonstrated a strong antimutagenic effect on the mutations induced by 4NQO, decreasing its mutagenic effect in a dose-dependent manner. Strong cytotoxic effects were exhibited by petroleum ether extracts as compared to 80% ethanol extracts. When HepG2 cells were in contact with plant extracts in an increasing concentration, slopes of NRU decreased (highest-lowest %) following a concentration-dependent pattern. For 80% ethanol extracts, the most toxic extract in terms of percentage viability was leaves of Podocarpus falcatus whereby at 0.2 mg/ml, the viability of the cells was 38.9%. Stem extract of Podocarpus latifolius was the most toxic among PE extracts, giving a percentage viability of 46.4 at 0.1 mg/ml. Conclusion: Absence of mutagenicity does not indicate lack of toxicity, as was observed from these extracts. These findings will help in assessing the safety measures to be considered in the use of these species and also the need to determine the cytotoxic potential of these species against various forms of human cancer cells. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Antimutagenicity; Cytotoxicity; Mutagenicity; Podocarpus	plant extract; Podocarpus elongatus extract; Podocarpus falcatus extract; Podocarpus henkelii extract; Podocarpus latifolius extract; unclassified drug; animal experiment; article; bacterial strain; cell viability; concentration response; controlled study; cytotoxicity; drug isolation; human; human cell; male; medicinal plant; metabolic activation; mutagenicity; nonhuman; plant leaf; plant stem; Podocarpus; Podocarpus elongatus; Podocarpus falcatus; Podocarpus henkelii; Podocarpus latifolius; rat; Salmonella; Salmonella typhimurium; South Africa; Antimutagenic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gymnosperms; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Medicine, African Traditional; Mutagens; Mutation; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Stems; Salmonella typhimurium; South Africa; Afrocarpus falcatus; Animalia; Podocarpus; Podocarpus latifolius; Salmonella typhimurium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904906705	Evaluation of an immunoassay for determination of plasma efavirenz concentrations in resource-limited settings	Abdissa A., Wiesner L., McIlleron H., Friis H., Andersen Å.B., Kæstel P.	2014	Journal of the International AIDS Society	17	None	10.7448/IAS.17.1.18979	Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Medicine, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark	Abdissa, A., Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia, Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Wiesner, L., Department of Medicine, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; McIlleron, H., Department of Medicine, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Friis, H., Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Andersen, Å.B., Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Kæstel, P., Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark	Introduction: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) may improve antiretroviral efficacy through adjustment of individual drug administration. This could result in reduced toxicity, prevent drug resistance, and aid management of drug-drug interactions. However, most measurement methods are too costly to be implemented in resource-limited settings. This study evaluated a commercially available immunoassay for measurement of plasma efavirenz. Methods: The immunoassay-based method was applied to measure efavirenz using a readily available Humastar 80 chemistry analyzer. We compared plasma efavirenz concentrations measured by the immunoassay with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (reference method) in 315 plasma samples collected from HIV patients on treatment. Concentrations were categorized as suboptimal <1 μg/ml, normal 1-4 μg/ml or high >4 μg/ml. Agreement between results of the methods was assessed via Bland-Altman plot and k statistic values. Results: The median Interquartile range (IQR) efavirenz concentration was 2.8 (1.9; 4.5) mg/ml measured by the LC-MS/MS method and 2.5 (1.8; 3.9) μg/ml by the immunoassay and the results were well correlated (ρ =0.94). The limits of agreement assessed by Bland-Altman plots were - 2.54; 1.70 μg/ml. Although immunoassay underestimated high concentrations, it had good agreement for classification into low, normal or high concentrations (K = 0.74). Conclusions: The immunoassay is a feasible alternative to determine efavirenz in areas with limited resources. The assay provides a reasonable approximation of efavirenz concentration in the majority of samples with a tendency to underestimate high concentrations. Agreement between tests evaluated in this study was clinically satisfactory for identification of low, normal and high efavirenz concentrations. © 2014 Abdissa A et al;.	Antiretroviral therapy; Efavirenz; Immunoassay; LC-MS/MS; Method evaluation; TDM	efavirenz; article; blood chemistry; blood sampling; chemical analyzer; controlled study; drug blood level; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunoassay; liquid chromatography; major clinical study; priority journal; tandem mass spectrometry; therapy; antiretroviral therapy; efavirenz; immunoassay; LC-MS/MS; method evaluation; TDM; Anti-HIV Agents; Benzoxazines; Chromatography, Liquid; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Tandem Mass Spectrometry	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76149090152	Assessment of climate change impacts on the hydrology of Gilgel Abay catchment in Lake Tana basin, Ethiopia	Abdo K.S., Fiseha B.M., Rientjes T.H.M., Gieske A.S.M., Haile A.T.	2009	Hydrological Processes	23	26	10.1002/hyp.7363	SNNPR Water Resources Development Bureau, P.O.Box 925, Awassa, Ethiopia; Department of Irrigation Engineering, Arba Minch University, P.O.Box 21, Ethiopia; Department of Water Resources, ITC, P.O.Box 6, 7500AA, Enschede, Netherlands	Abdo, K.S., SNNPR Water Resources Development Bureau, P.O.Box 925, Awassa, Ethiopia; Fiseha, B.M., Department of Irrigation Engineering, Arba Minch University, P.O.Box 21, Ethiopia; Rientjes, T.H.M., Department of Water Resources, ITC, P.O.Box 6, 7500AA, Enschede, Netherlands; Gieske, A.S.M., Department of Water Resources, ITC, P.O.Box 6, 7500AA, Enschede, Netherlands; Haile, A.T., Department of Irrigation Engineering, Arba Minch University, P.O.Box 21, Ethiopia, Department of Water Resources, ITC, P.O.Box 6, 7500AA, Enschede, Netherlands	In this study, large-scale atmospheric variables are downscaled to meteorological variables at local scale for the daily time step to assess hydrological impacts by climate changes. Large-scale atmospheric modelling was by the HadCM3 General Circulation Model (GCM) while downscaling and water balance modelling was through the Statistical DownScaling Model and the HBV semi-distributed rainfall-runoff model, respectively. The area of study was the Gilgel Abay catchment that drains in Lake Tana. A selection of large-scale atmospheric variables by the HadCM3 GCM are downscaled by a multiple linear regression model, were minimum and maximum temperature and precipitation for future time horizons are calculated. Climate scenarios as developed for the A2 (medium-high emission) and B2 (medium-low emission) scenarios for a 100-year period based on the mean of 20 ensembles have been selected for this study. In addition, a synthetic incremental scenario was tested for a wide range of changes in climatic variables. Stream flow simulations by the HBV model were carried out for the 2020s (2011-2040), 2050s (2041-2070) and 2080s (2071-2099) to define hydrologic impacts. The result of downscaled precipitation reveals that precipitation does not manifest a systematic increase or decrease in all future time horizons for both A2 and B2 scenarios unlike that of minimum and maximum temperature and related evaporation. For the future horizons significant changes and variations in the seasonal and monthly flows are to be expected and for the 2080s the runoff volume in the rainy season will reduce by approximately 11·6 and 10·1% for the A2 and B2 scenarios. Results from synthetic incremental scenarios also indicate sensitivities to climate change. As much as 33% of the seasonal and annual runoff is expected to reduce when temperature increases by 2 °C and when rainfall decreases by approximately 20%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Climate change; Gilgel Abay; HBV model; Lake Tana; Statistical downscaling	Annual runoff; Atmospheric modelling; Atmospheric variables; Climate change impact; Climate scenarios; Climatic variables; Down-scaling; Ethiopia; Future Horizons; General circulation model; HBV model; Hydrologic impacts; Hydrological impacts; Lake Tana; Local scale; Low emission; Maximum temperature; Meteorological variables; Monthly flow; Multiple linear regression models; Rainfall-runoff models; Rainy seasons; Runoff volumes; Statistical downscaling; Temperature increase; Time horizons; Time step; Water balance; Atmospheric temperature; Catchments; Climate models; Lakes; Linear regression; Rain; Runoff; Stream flow; Water; Climate change; air temperature; assessment method; atmospheric general circulation model; basin; catchment; climate change; computer simulation; downscaling; hydrological response; precipitation (climatology); rainfall-runoff modeling; seasonal variation; streamflow; water budget; Ethiopia; Lake Tana; Hepatitis B virus	None
WoS	WOS:000263496700006	Impact of antenatal common mental disorders upon perinatal outcomes in Ethiopia: the P-MaMiE population-based cohort study	Abdulahi, Abdulreshid,Alem, Atalay,Araya, Mesfin,Dewey, Michael,Hanlon, Charlotte,Hughes, Marcus,Lakew, Zufan,Medhin, Girmay,Patel, Vikram,Prince, Martin,Tesfaye, Fikru,Tomlinson, Mark,Worku, Bogale	2009	TROPICAL MEDICINE &amp; INTERNATIONAL HEALTH	14	2	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02198.x	Addis Ababa University, Kings College London, University of London, MRC, UK & Sangath Ctr	"Abdulahi, Abdulreshid: Addis Ababa University","Alem, Atalay: Addis Ababa University","Araya, Mesfin: Addis Ababa University","Dewey, Michael: Kings College London","Dewey, Michael: University of London","Hughes, Marcus: Kings College London","Hughes, Marcus: University of London","Lakew, Zufan: Addis Ababa University","Medhin, Girmay: Kings College London","Medhin, Girmay: University of London","Prince, Martin: Kings College London","Prince, Martin: University of London","Tesfaye, Fikru: Addis Ababa University","Worku, Bogale: Addis Ababa University",	To examine the impact of antenatal psychosocial stressors, including maternal common mental disorders (CMD), upon low birth weight, stillbirth and neonatal mortality, and other perinatal outcomes in rural Ethiopia. A population-based sample of 1065 pregnant women was assessed for symptoms of antenatal CMD (Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20: SRQ-20), stressful life events during pregnancy (List of Threatening Experiences: LTE) and worry about the forthcoming delivery. In a sub-sample of 654 women from six rural sub-districts, neonatal birth weight was measured on 521 (79.7%) singleton babies within 48 h of delivery. Information about other perinatal outcomes was obtained shortly after birth from the mother's verbal report and via the Demographic Surveillance System. After adjusting for potential confounders, none of the psychosocial stressors were associated with lower mean birth weight, stillbirth or neonatal mortality. Increasing levels of antenatal CMD symptoms were associated both with prolonged labour (&gt; 24 h) (SRQ 1-5: RR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0-1.9, SRQ &gt;= 6: RR 1.6; 95% CI 1.0-2.6) and delaying initiation of breast-feeding more than eight hours (SRQ 1-5: RR 1.4; 95% CI 0.8 to 2.4, SRQ &gt;= 6: RR 2.8; 95% CI 1.3-6.1). Worry about delivery was also associated with labour longer than 24 h (RR 1.5; 95% CI 1.0-2.1). This study provides preliminary evidence of important public health consequences of poor maternal mental health in low-income countries but does not replicate the strong association with low birth weight found in South Asia.	"birth weight","BREAST FEEDING","MENTAL DISORDER","obstetric labour complications",PREGNANCY,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",ANXIETY,ASSOCIATION,INDIA,"INFANT GROWTH",INITIATION,LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT,"MATERNAL DEPRESSION",MORBIDITY,NUTRITIONAL-STATUS,PREGNANCY	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84916886012	Nutrient balances and economic performance in urban and peri-urban vegetable production systems of three West African cities	Abdulkadir A., Sangaré S.K., Amadou H., Agbenin J.O.	2015	Experimental Agriculture	51	1	10.1017/S0014479714000180	Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B 1044, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Natural Resource Management, Institute for Environment and Agricultural Research, INERA, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Centre	Abdulkadir, A., Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B 1044, Zaria, Nigeria; Sangaré, S.K., Department of Natural Resource Management, Institute for Environment and Agricultural Research, INERA, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Amadou, H., Centre Regional de Récherch, Agronomique de Sikasso Institute d'Economie Rurale, Sikasso, Mali; Agbenin, J.O., Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B 1044, Zaria, Nigeria	Urban and peri-urban (UPA) cultivation supplies fresh vegetables and employment for the increasing number of urban inhabitants. It is characterized by the use of large nutrient inputs to increase productivity and often associated with negative environmental risks. For these reasons, this study quantified nutrient (nitrogen, N; phosphorus, P; and potassium, K) flows and economic performance of UPA gardening of the three West African cities of Kano, Nigeria; Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Sikasso, Mali, during a 2-year period using the Monitoring for Quality Improvement (MonQI) toolbox considering inflows and outflows sources. Average annual N, P and K balances were positive for all gardens in the three cities with N balances of 279, 1127 and 74 kg N ha-1 in Kano, Bobo Dioulasso and Sikasso, respectively, except for annual K deficits of 222 and 187 kg K ha-1 in Kano and Sikasso, respectively. Nitrogen use efficiencies were 63%, 51% and 87% in Kano, Bobo Dioulasso and Sikasso, respectively, with poor P use efficiencies due to excess application in all three cities. However, a high K efficiency was observed in Bobo Dioulasso (87%) while applications of K were lower than required in Kano and Sikasso with efficiencies of 121% and 110%, indicating possible K mining. The average annual gross margins from gardening indicated a statistically higher (p &lt; 0.05) return of US3.83 m-2 in Bobo Dioulasso than returns obtained in Kano (US0.92 m-2) and Sikasso (US1.37 m-2). Although an economically vibrant activity, intensive UPA vegetable production needs to be reviewed for strategic planning towards improving N and P use efficiencies in order to maintain its productivity as well as safeguard the environment. Appropriate K fertilization is necessary to avoid long term K depletion in Kano and Sikasso UPA gardening. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014.	None	Joturus pichardi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58149120890	Nonfluoroscopic pressure colostography in the evaluation of genitourinary fistula of anorectal malformations: Experience in a resource-poor environment	Abdulkadir A.Y., Abdur-Rahman L.O., Adesiyun O.M.	2009	Pediatric Radiology	39	2	10.1007/s00247-008-1051-2	Department of Radiology, Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State 2340001, Nigeria; Paediatric Surgery Unit, Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Abdulkadir, A.Y., Department of Radiology, Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State 2340001, Nigeria; Abdur-Rahman, L.O., Paediatric Surgery Unit, Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Adesiyun, O.M., Department of Radiology, Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State 2340001, Nigeria	Background: Radiological imaging is paramount for defining the genitourinary fistulae commonly associated with anorectal malformations prior to definitive surgery. The imaging options are resource-limited in many parts of the world. Nonfluoroscopic pressure colostography after colostomy is a cheap method for the evaluation of anorectal malformations. Objective: To describe our experience with nonfluoroscopic pressure colostography in the evaluation of anorectal malformations in boys. Materials and methods: The study included 12 boys with anorectal malformation who had colostomy and nonfluoroscopic pressure-augmented colostography with water-soluble contrast medium between January 2006 and December 2007. Results: Patient ages ranged from 2 days to 1 year. The types of genitourinary fistula were rectovesical (7.7%) and rectourethral (92.3%). Oblique radiographs were of diagnostic value in all patients. The types of anorectal malformations were high, intermediate and low in 75%, 8.3% and 16.7%, respectively. Short-segment urethral constriction was a common feature of rectourethral fistula (75%, n=9). Conclusion: Our experience has shown that genitourinary fistulae associated with anorectal malformations can be demonstrated reliably by nonfluoroscopic pressure colostography with two oblique radiographs, providing an option in resource-poor settings where fluoroscopic equipment is scarce. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	Anorectal malformation; Children; Colostography; Genitourinary fistula; Imperforate anus	diatrizoate; meglumine diatrizoate; anorectal malformation; article; bladder; clinical article; clinical feature; colostomy; controlled study; diagnostic imaging; genitourinary fistula; human; infant; male; newborn; nonfluoroscopic pressure colostography; priority journal; urethra stricture; urogenital tract malformation; Anal Canal; Contrast Media; Genitalia, Male; Humans; Image Enhancement; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Pressure; Rectum; Resource Allocation; Urinary Fistula; Urogenital Abnormalities	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859021621	Examinations of the performance of a gas lift for oil well production	Abdulkadir M., Yahaya S.	2011	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	6	8	None	Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; School of Geography, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom	Abdulkadir, M., Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Yahaya, S., School of Geography, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom	Gas lift is a method of artificial lift that uses an external source of high pressure gas for supplementing formation gas to lift the well fluids. The primary limitations for gas lift operations are the lack of formation gas or of an outside source of gas, wide well spacing and available space for compressors on offshore platforms. Generally, gas lift is not applicable to single-well installations and widely spaced wells that are not suited for a centrally located power system. Gas lift can intensify the problems associated with production of viscous crude, super-saturated brine, or an emulsion. Old casing, sour gas and long, small-internal diameter flow lines can rule out gas lift operations. Wet gas without dehydration will reduce the reliability of gas lift operations. A model relating the factors affecting potential production rate along the tubing of a gas lift oil well was developed to optimize production using analytical approach. Modified Darcy equation was employed alongside some other equation of flow such as Fanning's equation, Reynolds' equation and a host of others which resulted in the developed model equation. Data from four wells were used in applying the model equation and it was found that, for the four wells and the square of the velocity of oil flow is equal to the oil production rate and both vary directly with the difference in pressure between the reservoir and the well bore. This implies, the lower the well bore pressure the higher the oil production rate and oil velocity. © 2006-2011 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN).	Artificial lift; Gas lift; Oil well	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874253215	Impact of adopting enterprise resource planning systems by commercial organizations in Kenya	Abdullabhai M., Acosta F.	2012	DLSU Business and Economics Review	21	2	None	Computer Pride Ltd, Nairobi, Kenya; Strathmore Business School, Nairobi, Kenya	Abdullabhai, M., Computer Pride Ltd, Nairobi, Kenya; Acosta, F., Strathmore Business School, Nairobi, Kenya	The purpose of our research is to understand the benefits Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems render to commercial organizations in Kenya and to understand the challenges that affect the ERP Implementation process. These benefits and challenges have direct impact on the performance of the business; therefore the study seek to understand the complexity of these two factors. Thirty five organizations participated in our research. We established what kind of benefits were realized by various sizes of organization adopting ERP systems, and the differences that exist among challenges and benefits with respect to the size of the organization and age of ERP System. Lastly, our research also identifies how various benefits and challenges are interconnected and interdependent. © 2012 De La Salle University, Philippines.	Benefits; Challenges; ERP systems; Implementation; Kenyan business environment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904134437	Effect of xylanase on performance, serum IGF-1 and glucose of broilers fed wheat corn soybean diet	Abdullahi A.Y., Zuo J.J., Tan H.Z., Xia W.G., Wei S., Liu J.H., Ai Q., Zhao S.Y., Xia M.H., Liu Y.H., Xia C.D., Wu F., Yu J.P., Feng D.Y.	2013	Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances	12	17	10.3923/javaa.2013.1409.1414	College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China; Department of Animal Science, Kano University of Science and Technology Wudil, Kano, Nigeria; Production Technology Department of WENs Group, Yunfu, China	Abdullahi, A.Y., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China, Department of Animal Science, Kano University of Science and Technology Wudil, Kano, Nigeria; Zuo, J.J., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China; Tan, H.Z., Production Technology Department of WENs Group, Yunfu, China; Xia, W.G., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China; Wei, S., Production Technology Department of WENs Group, Yunfu, China; Liu, J.H., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China; Ai, Q., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China; Zhao, S.Y., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China; Xia, M.H., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China; Liu, Y.H., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China; Xia, C.D., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China; Wu, F., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China; Yu, J.P., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China; Feng, D.Y., College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 510542 Guangzhou, China	Six hundred and forty, 1 day old Yellow feather broiler chicks were fed wheat-corn soybean diet plus xylanase ENOLZYME™ 100 g ton-1 (enzyme activity = 1256.244 U mL-1) to study additive effect of the enzyme on serum glucose and IGF-1 concentration relative to performance. The birds were randomly divided into 2 treatment groups with 64 birds/pen in 5 replicates. For the periods of 63 days body weight, feed efficiency and daily feed intake were not differed at 21 and 42 days. However, they were all differ significantly at 63 days (p&lt;0.05); particularly feed efficiency from 1-63 days was highly significant (p&lt;0.01). Carcass characteristics were not differed in all three stages but at finishing stage breast and thigh muscles, heart, gizzard and abdominal fat weights were numerically increased. Mortality rate was &lt;0.02%. Serum glucose concentration levels at three feeding phases were not differed among groups. However, serum IGF-1 differ significantly at starter phase (21 days) (p&lt;0.05). Correlation between treatments and feeding periods existed at growing (42 days) and finishing (63 days) stages (p&lt;0.05). The present findings on supplementation of xylanase to corn wheat soy bean broiler diet hasincreased market weight cost value by 1.33% at finishing stage (43-63 days). The serum glucose and IGF-1 concentration have correlated positively on treatments offered, feeding periods and performance. Further research is needed on IGF-1 and GH (Growth Hormone) at molecular level to understand their influence in broiler's growth and development. © Medwell Journals, 2013.	Glucose; Growth hormone; Performance; Serum IGF-1; Xylanase	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69149088963	Evaluation of causes of retaining wall failure	Abdullahi M.M.	2009	Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies	7	14	None	Civil Engineering, F.U.T., P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	Abdullahi, M.M., Civil Engineering, F.U.T., P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	Retaining structures are vital geotechnical structure, because the topography of the earth surface is a combination of plain, sloppy and undulating terrain. The retaining wall resists thrust of a bank of earth as well as providing soil stability of a change of ground elevation. Earth pressures on retaining wall are designed from theories of Soil Mechanics, but unfortunately the engineers using them do not always realize the significance of the assumption in their development. This is usually accompanied by with failure and partial failures because of designed based on rules and formulae that fit only limited conditions. In addition there are also problems of using bad backfill materials without taking precautionary measures against built-up of hydrostatic pressure by provision of drainage and also poor workmanship.	Backfill; Earth pressure; Hydrostatic pressure; Retaining wall	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893637327	Privatization and firm performance: An empirical study of selected privatized firms in Nigeria	Abdullahi Y.Z., Abdullahi H., Mohammed Y.	2012	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	3	11	10.5901/mjss.2012.v3n11p207	Department of Economics, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Economics, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Economics, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria	Abdullahi, Y.Z., Department of Economics, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Abdullahi, H., Department of Economics, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Mohammed, Y., Department of Economics, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria	The aim of this study is to investigate the financial and operational efficiency of the privatized firms in Nigeria. Data for this study comes from secondary sources; specifically, Fact Book from the Nigerian Stock Exchange, Offer Prospectuses, as well as published annual reports and financial statements of the privatized firms. Our sampled firms are drawn from manufacturing, oil marketing, banking and insurance sub-sectors of the Nigerian economy. The period of analysis covers 5 years before, and 5 years after privatization. To test our predictions, we follow the techniques of Megginson et al. (1994) in order to determine post privatization performance changes. We calculate the mean value of each variable for each firm over the pre and post privatization periods, we then use the T- test and the Wilcoxon sign rank test as principal methods of testing for significant changes in the variables. Results obtained from this study are mixed. Whereas some companies in our sample show improvements in some indicators, other companies have shown decline in some indicators after privatization. However, in spite the mixed results, the overall picture shows improvement in profitability for at least half of the firms in our sample. Overall, we may conclude that our results provide little evidence that privatization has caused significant improvement by all indicators.	Firm performance; Nigeria; Privatization	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946732525	Parents' experiences of monitoring their adolescents' compliance with diversion orders	Abdulla Z., Goliath V.	2015	Social Work (South Africa)	51	2	None	NICRO, Eastern-Cape-Province, South Africa; Department of Social Development Professions, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Abdulla, Z., NICRO, Eastern-Cape-Province, South Africa; Goliath, V., Department of Social Development Professions, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	The Child Justice Act 75 of 2008 makes provision for the diversion of child/adolescent offenders and expects parents to monitor their compliance with diversion orders. This paper examines how parents' experience fulfilling this role, especially against the backdrop of their reduced influence during the adolescent development phase, following a qualitative study undertaken with 12 parents of diverted adolescents in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropole. The findings revealed the particular difficulties that parents experienced in monitoring compliance and highlight the specific parental support needs that can be met by social workers and other child justice officials.	None	adolescence; child care; child welfare; compliance; social work	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-50849100687	Evaluations of vegetable oil-based as lubricants for metal-forming processes	Abdulquadir B.L., Adeyemi M.B.	2008	Industrial Lubrication and Tribology	60	5	10.1108/00368790810895178	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Abdulquadir, B.L., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria; Adeyemi, M.B., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to assess lubricating performances of selected locally produced vegetable oil-based lubricants with a view to utilizing them as a possible alternative to petroleum-based lubricants in metal-forming processes. Design/methodology/approach - The ring compression testing and twin disks upsetting testing methods were employed. Findings - The results obtained from these two tests showed that the red palm oil performed better than others at room temperature, followed by sheabutter oil, while palm kernel oil performed the least. High-temperatures compression ring tests gave sheabutter oil lower values of friction coefficients than red palm oil. Research limitations/implications - Further work should be done on numerous vegetable oil-based lubricants. Also those that show promising performance could be further investigated with locally available additives. Practical implications - These are numerous since increase in environmental interest has resulted in a renewed interest in vegetable oil-based lubricants. Originality/value - The research work has broken new ground in finding applications for environmentally friendly lubricants in various areas of metal-forming processes. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Lubricant oils; Lubrication	Compression testing; Computer networks; Data compression; Doping (additives); Forming; Friction; Lubricating oils; Lubricant oils; Lubrication; Metal-forming processes; Oil-based lubricants; Vegetable oils	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054734895	Determinants of performance: A cross generational analysis of Nigerian banks	Abdulraheem A., Yahaya K.A., Aliu O.A.	2011	European Journal of Social Sciences	24	4	None	Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Abdulraheem, A., Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Yahaya, K.A., Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Aliu, O.A., Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	The performance of banks is of importance to investors because it determines both the returns on investment and it is a measure of economic stability and secured investment environment. A number of factors are used in the measurement of bank performance in a typical developing economy. This study uses selected first and second generation banks in Nigeria to examine critical variables that may explain the performance of the banks. In all ten banks were purposively sampled to include each of first and second generation banks. For each generation, aggregate performance was computed as a proxy of the declared profit for 10 years. Aggregate value was also obtained for the dividend declared, amount retained for expansion, new shares sold out to the public, age of banks, customer base and shareholders fund. A multiple regression analysis of the variables adopted to examine the nature of the relationship between declared profit (y) and the variables (X1 -X6), where Y=a+biXi+b2X2+.........+bnXn. A structured questionnaire was also used to capture the perception of shareholders on bank performance in four out of the ten selected banks. The result of the study shows that the performance of a bank was accounted for by the amount of profit paid out as dividend. The profit withheld for expansion and new share sold to the public with the R2 value of 92.9% and double log of 97.7%. From the study bank performance is both a result of dividend paid out (92.9%) profit withheld for expansion (97.7%). Age of banks was show not to be related to the performance of banks. To corroborate this, the study showed that shareholders believe that the proportion of dividend paid to shareholders is a major determinant of performance. The study therefore recommends that Nigerian Banks should redirect their focus to early dividend payment and regular declaration of dividend as one of the tools of attaining better performance.	Bank performance; Determinants; Dividend payment; Shareholders	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34347402221	Evaluation of the effects of the aqueous extract of Vitex doniana root-bark on the peripheral and central nervous system of laboratory animals	Abdulrahman F.I., Onyeyili P.A., Sandabe U.K., Ogugbuaja V.O.	2007	Journal of Applied Sciences	7	10	None	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria	Abdulrahman, F.I., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Onyeyili, P.A., Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Sandabe, U.K., Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Ogugbuaja, V.O., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria	Aim of this study to investigate the effects of aqueous extract of Vitrex doniana on the peripheral and central nervous systems and possibility to use it as folk medicine. The aqueous extract of Vitex doniana was soxhlet extracted with distilled water and concentrated in vacuo to give a yield of 8.5% w/w. The LD50 following intraperitoneal administration was estimated to be 980 mg kg-1. The aqueous extract of Vitex doniana from the study produced substantial depressant effects on both the peripheral and central nervous system. The aqueous extract induced sleep on its own at dose of 400 mg kg-1 and potentiated sodium thiopental sleeping time in a dose dependant manner. It also showed significant (p&lt;0.05) muscle relaxant activities and produced analgesia and weal anesthetic effect. The extract was able to confer 80% protection to rats treated with convulsive dose of PTZ, while it conferred 100% protection to rats treated with convulsion dose of strychnine. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Analgesic; Anticonvulsant; Local anaesthetic; Muscle relaxant; Sleeping time; Vitex doniana	Analgesic; Anticonvulsant; Local anaesthetic; Muscle relaxants; Sleeping time; Vitex doniana; Anesthetics; Muscle; Rats; Sleep research; Neurophysiology	None
WoS	WOS:000313314600007	Impact of a customized peer-facilitators training program related to sexual health intervention	AbdulRahman, Hejar,AbuSamah, Bahaman,Awaisu, Ahmed,Ibrahim, Auwal,Rampal, Lekhraj,Saad, Abdulmumin,Sabitu, Kabiru	2012	INTERNATIONAL HEALTH	4	4	10.1016/j.inhe.2012.09.002	Ahmadu Bello University, Johns Hopkins University, Universiti Putra Malaysia, University of Qatar	"AbdulRahman, Hejar: Universiti Putra Malaysia","AbuSamah, Bahaman: Universiti Putra Malaysia","Awaisu, Ahmed: University of Qatar","Rampal, Lekhraj: Universiti Putra Malaysia","Saad, Abdulmumin: Johns Hopkins University","Sabitu, Kabiru: Ahmadu Bello University",	This study aimed to develop and implement a customized training program related to the delivery of an integrated human immunodeficiency virus - sexually transmitted infections (HIV-STI) risk reduction intervention for peer-facilitators and to evaluate its immediate outcome including changes in trainee knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported competence and confidence. We developed and delivered a structured training program and materials about HIV and STI prevention in a university setting. The training was offered to candidate facilitators who were planned to be involved in a larger project, known as Integrated HIV-STI Risk Reduction Program. Ten candidate facilitators participated in the training program and completed both the pretest and posttest survey questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 software package and Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied to assess the impact of the training program. Overall, the trainees' performance in HIV-related and STI knowledge, attitude and stigma scores had significantly increased compared to the baseline.. The median scores for HIV and STI knowledge after the training significantly increased from 22.0 to 30.5 (p=0.007) and 8.0 to 9.5 (p=0.005), respectively, whereas the median score on the positive attitude towards HIV and STI prevention rose from 39.0 to 57.0 (p=0.011). Upon completion of the program, 80-100% of the trainees believed that they were competent and confident in performing most of the designed sexual health intervention activities. This preliminary study suggests that a customized on-site training program on sexual health intervention could significantly improve their knowledge, attitude and practice related to HIV-STI prevention. (C) 2012 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	HIV/AIDS,NIGERIA,Peer-facilitators,STI,TRAINING,YOUTH,ADOLESCENTS,"AIDS-RELATED KNOWLEDGE",ATTITUDES,BEHAVIOR,EDUCATION,HIV/AIDS,"HIV PREVENTION",SCHOOL,SOUTH-AFRICA,TRANSMITTED-DISEASES	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748307618	Performance analysis of listed construction and real estate companies in Nigeria	Abdul-Rasheed A., Tajudeen A.B.	2006	Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management	12	2	None	Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Abdul-Rasheed, A., Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Tajudeen, A.B., Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	The acquisition of shares in investment companies specializing in real estate have become a popular form of indirect property investment. However, the publicly listed real estate and construction companies are only a minute portion of the total commercial real estate market, and the speed of securitization has been very slow in Nigeria. This paper examines the investment performance of listed property and construction companies from 1998 to 2005 with a view to developing their competitive and comparative advantage in attracting investment. The risk-adjustment performance of the companies, assessed through Sharpe ratios, show that both property and construction companies do not perform better than stocks, but, nevertheless, do offer diversification possibilities due to their low correlation with the stock market.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28944431793	The effect of supplementing Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay with Acacia tortilis leaves and pods mixture on intake, digestibility and growth performance of goats	Abdulrazak S.A., Njuguna E.G., Karau P.K.	2005	Livestock Research for Rural Development	17	12	None	Department of Animal Science, Egerton University, P.O Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Egerton University, Division of Research and Extension, P. O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya	Abdulrazak, S.A., Department of Animal Science, Egerton University, P.O Box 536, Njoro, Kenya, Egerton University, Division of Research and Extension, P. O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Njuguna, E.G., Department of Animal Science, Egerton University, P.O Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Karau, P.K., Department of Animal Science, Egerton University, P.O Box 536, Njoro, Kenya	An experiment was conducted for 63 days to examine the effects of supplementation of Rhodes grass hay (H) with mixtures of leaves and pods of Acacia tortilis on intake, digestion and growth performance of Small East African goats (SEAG). Twenty four SEAG of 18±4 kg BW, 9months old were assigned to six diets including ad libitum Rhodes grass hay alone (H) or H supplemented with various proportions of pods, leaves and mixture of the two as follows; 19 g DM/kg W0.75 pods (P), 19 g DM/kgW0.75 leaves (L), 9.5:9.5 g DM/kg W0.75 pods +leaves (PL), 14:5 g DM/kg W 0.75 pods +leaves (PPL) or 5:14 g DM/kg W0.75 pods +leaves (PLL). The diets were allocated to the goats in a completely randomised design, with 4 goats per treatment. Dry matter intake, digestibility, nitrogen retention and live weight gains were all increased by supplementation. There was an indication of a better response in intake and weight gains when the hay was supplemented with equal proportion (9.5 g DM/kg W0.75) of pods and the leaves. It is concluded that mixtures of pods and leaves give more benefits than when either is offered singly to goats fed a basal diet of grass hay.	Acacia tortilis; Goats; Intake; Leaves; Live weight; Pods; Tree mixture	Acacia; Acacia tortilis; Capra hircus; Chloris gayana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939782037	Performance of tropical maize hybrids under conditions of low and optimum levels of nitrogen fertilizer application - Grain yield, biomass production and nitrogen accumulation	Abe A., Adetimirin V.O., Menkir A., Moose S.P., Olaniyan A.B.	2013	Maydica	58	2	None	Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, United States	Abe, A., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adetimirin, V.O., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Menkir, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Moose, S.P., Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, United States; Olaniyan, A.B., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting mineral nutrient in the soils of the major maize producing areas of West and Central Africa. Low soil N and sub-optimal application of N fertilizers lead to N deficiency and poor grain yield (GY) in maize. Maize varieties with improved grain yield under low soil N and increased performance under optimal N availability could be beneficial to low input agriculture. This study evaluated the performance of a selection of experimental and commercial hybrids under suboptimal and optimal N fertilizer applications. Significant differences were observed among the hybrids, as well as significant interactions between hybrid and N level for GY and other measured attributes, with the severity of variation increasing as the level of N decreases. Mean GY reductions across the years was 76.5% at no-N and 35.4% at low-N. Depending on N treatment, GY varied from 0.48 to 4.42 Mg ha-1, grain N content from 0.17 to 1.26 g plant-1, total N content at harvest from 0.33 to 2.00 g plant-1, above ground biomass at silking from 30.6 to 91.2 g plant-1 and at maturity from 39.9 to 191.1 g plant-1. Number of kernels was the GY component most severely reduced by N stress and had significant (p ≤ 0.001) positive correlation with GY at all N levels. Six hybrids (4001/4008, KU1409/4008, KU1409/9613, 4008/1808, 4058/Fun 47-4, and 1824/9432) which showed consistent above average grain yields under no-N, low-N, high-N and across N levels were found and their use could further be investigated.	Grain yield; Low input agriculture; Low soil N; Maize hybrids; Number of kernels	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868703048	The impact of cooperatives on agricultural technology adoption: Empirical evidence from Ethiopia	Abebaw D., Haile M.G.	2013	Food Policy	38	1	10.1016/j.foodpol.2012.10.003	Ethiopian Economics Association, Ethiopian Economic Policy Research Institute, P.O. Box 34282, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex Str. D-53113, Germany	Abebaw, D., Ethiopian Economics Association, Ethiopian Economic Policy Research Institute, P.O. Box 34282, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Haile, M.G., Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex Str. D-53113, Germany	Using cross-sectional data and a propensity score matching technique, this paper investigates the impact of cooperatives on adoption of agricultural technologies. Our analysis indicates that cooperative members are more likely to be male-headed households, have better access to agricultural extension services, possess oxen, participate in off-farm work, and have leadership experience. We also found that geographic location and age of household head are strongly associated with cooperative membership. Our estimation results show that cooperative membership has a strong positive impact on fertilizer adoption. The impact on adoption of pesticides turns out to be statistically significant when only agricultural cooperatives are considered. Further analysis also suggests that cooperative membership has a heterogeneous impact on fertilizer adoption among its members. The results suggest that cooperatives can play an important role in accelerating the adoption of agricultural technologies by smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Africa; Agricultural technology adoption; Cooperatives; Ethiopia; Impact evaluation	agricultural extension; agricultural technology; cooperative sector; farmers attitude; fertilizer application; smallholder; technology adoption; Ethiopia; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46049094460	Impact of a commercial destocking relief intervention in Moyale district, southern Ethiopia	Abebe D., Cullis A., Catley A., Aklilu Y., Mekonnen G., Ghebrechirstos Y.	2008	Disasters	32	2	10.1111/j.1467-7717.2007.01034.x	Feinstein International Center, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, PO Box 1078, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Food Security Unit at Save the Children US, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Save the Children US, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Abebe, D., Feinstein International Center, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, PO Box 1078, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Cullis, A., Food Security Unit at Save the Children US, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Catley, A., Feinstein International Center, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, PO Box 1078, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Aklilu, Y., Feinstein International Center, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, PO Box 1078, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Mekonnen, G., Save the Children US, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ghebrechirstos, Y., Save the Children US, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	A commercial destocking intervention was piloted in southern Ethiopia during the drought of early 2006. The intervention led to the purchase of an estimated 20,000 cattle valued at USD 1.01 million. On average, destocked households received USD 186 from the sale of cattle - approximately 5,405 households were involved. In terms of aid investment, the approximate cost-benefit ratio was 41:1. During the drought, income from destocking accounted for 54.2 per cent of household income (n = 114 households), and was used to buy food, care for livestock, meet various domestic expenses, support relatives, and either pay off debts or augment savings. Seventy-nine per cent of the income derived from destocking was used to buy local goods or services. Expenditure on livestock care amounted to 36.5 per cent of local spending, and included the private transportation of livestock to better grazing areas. The buoyant livestock export trade was considered to be an important driver of commercial destocking, demonstrating a positive link between livestock and meat exports, and pastoral vulnerability during drought. © 2008 The Author(s). Journal compilation © Overseas Development Institute, 2008.	Commercial destocking; Cost-benefit; Ethiopia; Impact assessment; Pastoralists; Policy	cost-benefit analysis; disaster management; disaster relief; drought; household expenditure; household income; pastoralism; public spending; risk assessment; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Bos; animal; article; cattle; commercial phenomena; cost benefit analysis; disaster; domestic animal; economics; Ethiopia; family size; human; income; meat; statistics; time; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Cattle; Commerce; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Economics; Ethiopia; Family Characteristics; Humans; Income; Meat; Natural Disasters; Relief Work; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38849146320	Evaluation of maize varieties for resistance to northern leaf blight under field conditions in Ethiopia	Abebe D., Singburaudom N., Sangchote S., Sarobol E.	2008	Kasetsart Journal - Natural Science	42	1	None	Gambella Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 62, Gambella, Ethiopia; Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Departement of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	Abebe, D., Gambella Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 62, Gambella, Ethiopia; Singburaudom, N., Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Sangchote, S., Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Sarobol, E., Departement of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	A study of reaction of thirteen maize varieties to northern leaf blight mainly caused by Exserhilum turcicum (Pass) Leonard and Suggs, were conducted at three locations Gambella, Abobo and Bako during 2003 and 2004 crop seasons. Variation among maize varieties was observed for several disease variables; the number of lesion, size, incidence, area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and severity rating scale. In general, significant differences among genotypes were observed for data based on lesion number, size, AUDPC and severity rating scale at all locations. Susceptible varieties Gussau, Aboboko and Local- M had high AUDPC, large lesion size, fast onset of disease and many lesions in numbers. The host entries used in this study indicated that Kuleni was the most resistant to northern leaf blight across three locations, with low rating score. There was different response among varieties depending on disease intensity at each location. At Abobo, the final severity increased from 0.00 to 96.66% in 2003 and the results observed from 10.00 to 96.66% at Bako. However, at Gambella the incidence was as low as from 0.00 to 83.33%. Disease assessment methods were generally correlated with one another. Several varieties showed similaly significant reaction to disease in all locations. This meant that there was no virulent difference existing in the pathogen populations from location to location.	Area under disease progress curve; Exserhilum turcicum; Northern leaf blight; Resistance	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890669317	Ceramic water filters impregnated with silver nanoparticles as a point-of-use water-treatment intervention for HIV-positive individuals in Limpopo Province, South Africa: A pilot study of technological performance and human health benefits	Abebe L.S., Smith J.A., Narkiewicz S., Oyanedel-Craver V., Conaway M., Singo A., Amidou S., Mojapelo P., Brant J., Dillingham R.	2014	Journal of Water and Health	12	2	10.2166/wh.2013.185	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Thornton Hall, 351 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Bliss Hall 213, Kingston, RI 02881, United States; Department of Public Health Sciences, Public Health Sciences Hospital West, University of Virginia, PO Box 800717, Charlottesville, VA 3181, United States; Department of Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Limpopo Province, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 801379, Charlottesville, VA, United States	Abebe, L.S., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Thornton Hall, 351 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States; Smith, J.A., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Thornton Hall, 351 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States; Narkiewicz, S., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Bliss Hall 213, Kingston, RI 02881, United States; Oyanedel-Craver, V., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Bliss Hall 213, Kingston, RI 02881, United States; Conaway, M., Department of Public Health Sciences, Public Health Sciences Hospital West, University of Virginia, PO Box 800717, Charlottesville, VA 3181, United States; Singo, A., Department of Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Limpopo Province, South Africa; Amidou, S., Department of Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Limpopo Province, South Africa; Mojapelo, P., Department of Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Limpopo Province, South Africa; Brant, J., Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 801379, Charlottesville, VA, United States; Dillingham, R., Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 801379, Charlottesville, VA, United States	Waterborne pathogens present a significant threat to people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). This study presents a randomized, controlled trial that evaluates whether a household-level ceramic water filter (CWF) intervention can improve drinking water quality and decrease days of diarrhea in PLWH in rural South Africa. Seventy-four participants were randomized in an intervention group with CWFs and a control group without filters. Participants in the CWF arm received CWFs impregnated with silver nanoparticles and associated safe-storage containers. Water and stool samples were collected at baseline and 12 months. Diarrhea incidence was self-reported weekly for 12 months. The average diarrhea rate in the control group was 0.064 days/week compared to 0.015 days/week in the intervention group (p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney). Median reduction of total coliform bacteria was 100% at enrollment and final collection. CWFs are an acceptable technology that can significantly improve the quality of household water and decrease days of diarrhea for PLWH in rural South Africa. © IWA Publishing 2014.	Ceramic water filters; Cryptosporidium parvum; HIV; Point-of-use; South Africa	drinking water; silver nanoparticle; ceramics; diarrheal disease; drinking water; human immunodeficiency virus; nanotechnology; public health; rural area; technological change; water treatment; water use; adult; article; ceramic water fillter; coliform bacterium; container; controlled study; Cryptosporidium; diarrhea; environmental sanitation; feces culture; female; filter; household; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; incidence; male; pilot study; randomized controlled trial; South Africa; water quality; water sampling; water supply; water treatment; Limpopo; South Africa; Adult; Ceramics; Cryptosporidiosis; Cryptosporidium; Diarrhea; Drinking Water; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Feces; Female; Filtration; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Male; Metal Nanoparticles; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rural Population; Silver; South Africa; Water Purification; Water Quality; Young Adult	NSF, National Science Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880098112	Evaluation of specific gravity of potato varieties in Ethiopia as a criterion for determining processing quality	Abebe T., Wongchaochant S., Taychasinpitak T.	2013	Kasetsart Journal - Natural Science	47	1	None	Amhara Agricultural Research Institute, Adet Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 08, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	Abebe, T., Amhara Agricultural Research Institute, Adet Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 08, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Wongchaochant, S., Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Taychasinpitak, T., Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	Specific gravity (SG) is the measure of choice for estimating dry matter (DMC) and starch content (SC) and ultimately for determining the processing quality of potato varieties. Evaluation of the SG of 25 potato varieties was carried out at three distinct locations in the Amhara region of Ethiopia with the main objectives of determining their culinary quality and most suitable areas of production. The varieties were planted in a 5 × 5 balanced lattice design of six replications during the 2011 rainy season. The results of the data analysis showed highly significant (P < 0.01) genotypic and location differences and significant (P < 0.05) genotype × environment interactions. The pooled SG values ranged from 1.058 to 1.102. The SG of tubers of the improved variety Belete was the highest while that of Menagesha was the lowest. Furthermore, the SG values for varieties grown at Debretabor were higher than those for the corresponding varieties grown at Adet and Merawi. The DMC and SC were computed based on the SG and showed significant (P < 0.01) genotypic variability. The highest DMC and SC were also obtained at Debretabor; thus, it is an ideal location to grow potatoes for high DMC and starch accumulation. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis identified CIP-392640.524, Zengena, Jalenie and Belete as stable genotypes with SG values above average.	Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis; Potato varieties; Processing quality; Specific-gravity; Variability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907190446	Impact of variety type and particle size distribution on starch enzymatic hydrolysis and functional properties of tef flours	Abebe W., Collar C., Ronda F.	2014	Carbohydrate Polymers	115	None	10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.080	College of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Av. Madrid 57, Palencia, Spain; Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Food Science Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Avenida Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, Valencia, Spain	Abebe, W., College of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Av. Madrid 57, Palencia, Spain, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Collar, C., Food Science Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Avenida Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, Valencia, Spain; Ronda, F., College of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Av. Madrid 57, Palencia, Spain	Tef grain is becoming very attractive in the Western countries since it is a gluten-free grain with appreciated nutritional advantages. However there is little information of its functional properties and starch digestibility and how they are affected by variety type and particle size distribution. This work evaluates the effect of the grain variety and the mill used on tef flour physico-chemical and functional properties, mainly derived from starch behavior. In vitro starch digestibility of the flours by Englyst method was assessed. Two types of mills were used to obtain whole flours of different granulation. Rice and wheat flours were analyzed as references. Protein molecular weight distribution and flour structure by SEM were also analyzed to justify some of the differences found among the cereals studied. Tef cultivar and mill type exhibited important effect on granulation, bulking density and starch damage, affecting the processing performance of the flours and determining the hydration and pasting properties. The color was darker although one of the white varieties had a lightness near the reference flours. Different granulation of tef flour induced different in vitro starch digestibility. The disc attrition mill led to higher starch digestibility rate index and rapidly available glucose, probably as consequence of a higher damaged starch content. The results confirm the adequacy of tef flour as ingredient in the formulation of new cereal based foods and the importance of the variety and the mill on its functional properties. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Functional properties; In vitro starch digestibility; Milling; Tef	Functional properties; In-vitro; Tef; Variety types; Milling (machining); enzyme; starch; vegetable protein; cereal; chemistry; digestion; flour; food handling; hydrolysis; mechanics; metabolism; particle size; pigmentation; Cereals; Digestion; Enzymes; Flour; Food Handling; Hydrolysis; Mechanical Processes; Particle Size; Pigmentation; Plant Proteins; Starch	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951092096	Comparative performance of the REGA subtyping tool version 2 versus version 1	Abecasis A.B., Wang Y., Libin P., Imbrechts S., de Oliveira T., Camacho R.J., Vandamme Anne-Mieke A.-M.	2010	Infection, Genetics and Evolution	10	3	10.1016/j.meegid.2009.09.020	Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, REGA Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven, Belgium; Centro de Malária e Outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Portugal; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Laboratory of Virology, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal	Abecasis, A.B., Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, REGA Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven, Belgium, Centro de Malária e Outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Portugal; Wang, Y., Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, REGA Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven, Belgium; Libin, P., Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, REGA Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven, Belgium; Imbrechts, S., Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, REGA Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven, Belgium; de Oliveira, T., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Camacho, R.J., Centro de Malária e Outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Portugal, Laboratory of Virology, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Portugal; Vandamme Anne-Mieke, A.-M., Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, REGA Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, Leuven, Belgium	The REGA HIV-1 subtyping tool is a phylogenetic-based method for subtyping HIV-1 genomic sequences that was published in 2005. The subtyping tool combines phylogenetic approaches with recombination detection methods. Recently, version 2 was released (http://www.bioafrica.net/rega-genotype/html/index.html) as an improvement of version 1. Version 2 implements a Decision-Tree-based algorithm that was not implemented in version 1. We wanted to compare the two versions on a large sequence dataset to assess the improvements of version 2 and to verify whether features lost during updating the tool needed to be recovered. We analysed the results of the two versions in the genotyping of 4676 HIV-1 pol sequences. We compared those results to a manual approach, used in previous studies. Our results show that version 2 has an overall better sensitivity but especially for the detection of subtypes A, B, D, F, G and CRF14_BG and CRF06_CPX. For the other subtypes, no significant differences were observed in the sensitivity of versions 1 and 2. The overall increase in sensitivity was however accompanied by a decrease in the specificity for the detection of subtype B. This is the main limitation of version 2. However, while the number of false negatives decreased by 53 samples, the number of false positives increased only by 5 samples from version 1 to 2. The performance of the REGA HIV-1 subtyping tool was considerably improved from one version to the other. Our results are very valuable and allow us to make suggestions for further improvement of the tool for a version 3 release. © 2009 Elsevier B.V.	HIV-1; Subtyping	algorithm; article; controlled study; decision tree; false negative result; false positive result; gene sequence; genotype; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; phylogeny; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; structural gene; virus typing; Algorithms; Automatic Data Processing; False Negative Reactions; False Positive Reactions; Genetic Variation; Genome, Viral; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Pattern Recognition, Automated; Phylogeny; pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Recombination, Genetic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sequence Analysis; Human immunodeficiency virus 1	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84948783370	Monitoring maternal, newborn, and child health interventions using lot quality assurance sampling in Sokoto State of northern Nigeria	Abegunde D., Orobaton N., Shoretire K., Ibrahim M., Mohammed Z., Abdulazeez J., Gwamzhi R., Ganiyu A.	2015	Global Health Action	8	1	10.3402/gha.v8.27526	United States Agency for International Development, John Snow Inc. Research and Training, Inc., Targeted States High Impact Project, Nigeria; Jhpeigo - Targeted States High Impact Project Nigeria, Bauchi, Nigeria	Abegunde, D., United States Agency for International Development, John Snow Inc. Research and Training, Inc., Targeted States High Impact Project, Nigeria; Orobaton, N., United States Agency for International Development, John Snow Inc. Research and Training, Inc., Targeted States High Impact Project, Nigeria; Shoretire, K., Jhpeigo - Targeted States High Impact Project Nigeria, Bauchi, Nigeria; Ibrahim, M., United States Agency for International Development, John Snow Inc. Research and Training, Inc., Targeted States High Impact Project, Nigeria; Mohammed, Z., United States Agency for International Development, John Snow Inc. Research and Training, Inc., Targeted States High Impact Project, Nigeria; Abdulazeez, J., United States Agency for International Development, John Snow Inc. Research and Training, Inc., Targeted States High Impact Project, Nigeria; Gwamzhi, R., United States Agency for International Development, John Snow Inc. Research and Training, Inc., Targeted States High Impact Project, Nigeria; Ganiyu, A., United States Agency for International Development, John Snow Inc. Research and Training, Inc., Targeted States High Impact Project, Nigeria	Background: Maternal mortality ratio and infant mortality rate are as high as 1,576 per 100,000 live births and 78 per 1,000 live births, respectively, in Nigeria's northwestern region, where Sokoto State is located. Using applicable monitoring indicators for tracking progress in the UN/WHO framework on continuum of maternal, newborn, and child health care, this study evaluated the progress of Sokoto toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4 and 5 by December 2015. The changes in outcomes in 2012-2013 associated with maternal and child health interventions were assessed. Design: We used baseline and follow-up lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) data obtained in 2012 and 2013, respectively. In each of the surveys, data were obtained from 437 households sampled from 19 LQAS locations in each of the 23 local government areas (LGAs). The composite state-level coverage estimates of the respective indicators were aggregated from estimated LGA coverage estimates. Results: None of the nine indicators associated with the continuum of maternal, neonatal, and child care satisfied the recommended 90% coverage target for achieving MDGs 4 and 5. Similarly, the average state coverage estimates were lower than national coverage estimates. Marginal improvements in coverage were obtained in the demand for family planning satisfied, antenatal care visits, postnatal care for mothers, and exclusive breast-feeding. Antibiotic treatment for acute pneumonia increased significantly by 12.8 percentage points. The majority of the LGAs were classifiable as low-performing, high-priority areas for intensified program intervention. Conclusions: Despite the limited time left in the countdown to December 2015, Sokoto State, Nigeria, is not on track to achieving the MDG 90% coverage of indicators tied to the continuum of maternal and child care, to reduce maternal and childhood mortality by a third by 2015. Targeted health system investments at the primary care level remain a priority, for intensive program scale-up to accelerate impact. © 2015 Dele Abegunde et al.	Lot quality assurance sampling; Maternal; Monitoring and evaluation; Newborn and child health; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952433913	Replacement effects of Panicum maximum with Ficus polita on performance of West African dwarf goats	Abegunde T.O., Akinsoyinu A.O.	2011	Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition	95	2	10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01040.x	Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Abegunde, T.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Akinsoyinu, A.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The replacement value of Ficus polita for Panicum maximum was evaluated on 32 female post-weaned West African dwarfs goats. Ficus polita was fed with P. maximum at different proportions of 0:90 (F. polita:P. maximum), 30:60, 60:30 and 90:0 constituting diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Each diet was supplemented with 10% cassava peels. Dry matter intake per kg metabolic weight of goats was not significantly (p>0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. However, crude protein intake per kg metabolic weight was higher (p<0.05) in animals fed 60% and 90%F. polita than those fed sole P. maximum diet. Daily weight gain of goats fed diet 3 (60%F. polita) was higher (p<0.05) (27.3g) than those fed diets 4 (18.9g), 2 (20.8g) and the control (6.6g). Dry matter (DM), organic matter, crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre digestibilities were higher (p<0.05) in goats fed 60%F. polita than those fed other diets, except for DM digestibility which was statistically similar to diets 2 and 4 but higher than those fed diet 1 without F. polita. Organic matter and CP digestibility were highest (72.0 and 65.7% respectively) in animals fed 60%F. polita. Nitrogen retention of goats fed 60%F. polita (diet 3) was higher (p<0.05) than that obtained with other diets. The results suggest that feeding combination of F. polita and P. maximum at ratio 60:30 respectively has associative effects that can enhance growth rate, feed intake, nutrients digestibility and nitrogen utilization for goat production during dry season in the tropics. © 2010 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.	Digestion; Ficus polita; Goats; Growth; Panicum maximum	animal; animal disease; animal food; article; cassava; chemistry; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diet; digestion; female; Ficus; goat; growth, development and aging; millet; randomized controlled trial; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Diet; Digestion; Female; Ficus; Goats; Manihot; Panicum; Animalia; Capra hircus; Manihot esculenta; Panicum maximum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876242575	Diagnostic performance of transvesical ultrasound in clinically suspected ectopic pregnancy in a public and tertiary,hospital setup	Abeia A., Assefa G.	2013	Ethiopian Medical Journal	51	1	None	Department of Radiology, Addis Ababa University, Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Abeia, A., Department of Radiology, Addis Ababa University, Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Assefa, G., Department of Radiology, Addis Ababa University, Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Background: Ectopic pregnancy consists 1.2 to 1.4% of all reported pregnancies and an increasing accordance has been documented in many parts of the world. Objective: To evaluate the performance of transvesical ultrasound (TVS) in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy in the public hospital setup. Methods: Review of medical records of 117 patients who were admitted to St Paul's Hospital with the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy between the years 2005 and 2008 was made. Data on demographic <H clinical information, and laboratory investigations done and transvesical ultrasound records were collected. Outcomes after Laparotomy were used as confirmations or gold standard for final diagnosis. Results: Of the 117 admitted patients for ectopic pregnancy, 99 (S4.6%) had transvesical ultrasound done & in 65 (65.9%) of those 99 patients, it suggested diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Sixty-four (55%) had pervaginal bleeding and lower abdominal pain as presenting complaint. Documentation of uterine, adnexal & cul-de-sac findings (all the three diagnostic variables) was noted in 71/99 (71.7%), two of the three and only one of lhe three diagnostic variables were seen 20.2% and 8./% of the sonographic studies respectively. Of patients whose ultrasound report suggested ectopic pregnancy, in 46 (70.8%) a complex adnexal mass and in 33 (50.8%) moderate to large amount of cul-de-sac fluid, and in 9 (19.8%) patients fluid in the uterine cavity were detected. The overall sensitivity and specificity of transvesical ultrasound study in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy were 83.3% and 33.3% respectively, with positive & negative predictive values of 73.5% and 47.4% respectively and accuracy of 68%. Conclusion: About 83.3% of admitted patients were diagnosed sonographically to have ectopic gestation prior to surgery. Quality of the ultrasound report with respect to completeness in number of sonographic diagnostic variables has a statistically significant (P<0.05) role in enhancing the accuracy of transvesical ultrasonography in the diagnosis and exclusion of ectopic pregnancy.	None	adult; article; echography; ectopic pregnancy; Ethiopia; female; fetus echography; human; predictive value; pregnancy; public hospital; retrospective study; tertiary health care; Adult; Ethiopia; Female; Hospitals, Public; Humans; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Ectopic; Retrospective Studies; Tertiary Care Centers; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884825689	Exploring the link between organisational justice and job satisfaction and performance in Ghanaian hospitals: Do demographic factors play a mediating role?	Abekah-Nkrumah G., Atinga R.A.	2013	International Journal of Workplace Health Management	6	3	10.1108/IJWHM-04-2011-0011	Department of Public Administration and Health Services Management, University of Ghana Business School, Legon, Ghana	Abekah-Nkrumah, G., Department of Public Administration and Health Services Management, University of Ghana Business School, Legon, Ghana; Atinga, R.A., Department of Public Administration and Health Services Management, University of Ghana Business School, Legon, Ghana	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine whether organisational justice (distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice) predicts job satisfaction and performance of health professionals and whether the demographic characteristics of hospital employees mediate the relationship between workplace justice and job satisfaction and performance. Design/methodology/approach - Questionnaires were administered to a sample of 300 respondents in seven hospitals using convenient sampling. Hypotheses were tested using multiple and hierarchical regression models. Findings - The paper established that distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice predict job satisfaction and performance of health professionals. However, their demographic characteristics are shown to partially mediate the relationship between organisational justice and job satisfaction but not performance. Originality/value - Granted that other studies exist, this is one of the few that focuses on hospitals and probably the first of its kind in Ghanaian hospitals. Thus the findings could be essential for policy and practice and also generate further discourse that may improve the extant literature and our understanding of the subject. Copyright © 2013 Emerald Group Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.	Fairness; Ghana; Job satisfaction; Justice; Performance; Workplace	article; demography; distributive justice; employee; health care system; health practitioner; hospital; hospital organization; hospital personnel; human; interactional justice; job performance; job satisfaction; justice; major clinical study; manager; organisational justice; organization and management; organizational climate; perception; policy; priority journal; procedural justice; productivity; questionnaire; social problem; social status; work environment; workplace	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250774462	Effect of duration of cooking of Lablab purpureus beans on the performance organ weight and haematological parameters of Shika-brown pullet chicks	Abeke F.O., Ogundipe S.O., Oladele S., Sekoni A.A., Dafwang I.I., Adeyinka I.A., Oni O.O., Abeke A.	2007	Journal of Biological Sciences	7	3	None	National Animal Production Institute, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria; Faculty of Veterinary Teaching Hospital ABU, Zaria, Nigeria; National Agric. Extension and Research Liaison Services, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria	Abeke, F.O., National Animal Production Institute, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria; Ogundipe, S.O., National Animal Production Institute, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria; Oladele, S., Faculty of Veterinary Teaching Hospital ABU, Zaria, Nigeria; Sekoni, A.A., National Animal Production Institute, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria; Dafwang, I.I., National Agric. Extension and Research Liaison Services, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria; Adeyinka, I.A., National Animal Production Institute, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria; Oni, O.O., National Animal Production Institute, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria; Abeke, A., National Animal Production Institute, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria	The effect of duration of cooking of Lablab purpureus beans on the performance, organ weight and haematological parameters of Shika-brown pullet chicks from 0-8 weeks was investigated. Eight dietary treatments of which seven in which Lablab purpureus beans cooked for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min) was included and a control (Corn-Soyacake-Groundnut-cake based diet) were formulated. These were replicated three times with 25 birds per replicate in a complete randomized design. The birds were managed under the deep litter system. Results obtained showed that cooking time had significant (p<0.05) improvement on performance characteristics such as final weight, weight gain, feed conversion efficiency and percent mortality. Organ weights such as the liver, the heart and the pancreas decreased as the duration of cooking increased while haematological parameters such as the Total Protein (TP), the Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and the Haemoglobin (Hb) increased slightly, (although not significantly) in the blood up to about 30 min of cooking before decreasing as the duration of cooking continued to increase. These observations are indications that higher durations of cooking up to about 30 min render the nutrients in the raw lablab seeds more available for utilization by the birds. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Antinutritional factors; Cooking duration; Haematological parameters; Lablab beans organ weights; Pullet chicks	hemoglobin; plasma protein; animal experiment; animal food; article; bean; blood volume; chick; cooking; corn; erythrocyte concentrate; food analysis; food processing; heart weight; hematological parameters; hemoglobin blood level; liver weight; mortality; nonhuman; nutritional value; organ weight; pancreas; peanut; plant seed; protein blood level; soybean; time; weight gain; Aves; Lablab; Lablab purpureus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247150733	Growth and subsequent egg production performance of Shika-Brown pullets fed graded levels of cooked Lablab purpureus beans	Abeke F.O., Ogundipe S.O., Sekoni A.A., Dafwang I.I., Adeyinka I.A., Oni O.O., Abeke A.	2007	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	10	7	None	National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria; National Agric Extension and Research Liaison Services, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Abeke, F.O., National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria; Ogundipe, S.O., National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria; Sekoni, A.A., National Agric Extension and Research Liaison Services, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Dafwang, I.I., National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria; Adeyinka, I.A., National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria; Oni, O.O., National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria; Abeke, A., National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria	The lablab seeds were cooked for 30 min, sundried for three days and thereafter milled and incorporated into chickens' diets. Six treatments, comprising of six dietary levels of lablab at 0.0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5, 30.0 and 37.5%, respectively was fed during the grower's phase. Results obtained for the growers phase indicate that final weight (g/bird), weight gain (g/bird) and feed cost (N kg-1) decreased significantly (p&lt;0.05) as the level of lablab increased in the diet. Feed intake (g/bird and g/bird/day) as well as feed cost (N/bird) and total cost (N/bird) also decreased significantly (p&lt;0.05) as the level of lablab increased in the diet up to 22.5% inclusion level before increasing as the level of lablab in the diets continued to increase. The level of lablab in the diet had no effect on mortality throughout the experimental period. In addition haematological parameters such as Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb) and Total Protein (TP) were not significantly (p&lt;0.05) affected by feeding diets containing graded levels of cooked lablab beans to pullets. Results obtained during the laying phase indicates that feeding lablab seed meal up to 22.5% in the diets at the growers stage had no significant adverse effect (p&lt;0.05) on final weight, feed intake, feed efficiency, percent henday and henhoused egg production, percent production at peak, kilogramme feed per twelve eggs, feed cost per twelve eggs, Haugh Unit and yolk index. However, age of birds at first egg, age at 50% production and age at peak egg production were increased significantly (p&gt;0.05) with increase in the level of lablab seed meal in the growers diets. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Beans; Chicken diets; Egg production; Lablab purpureus	animal; animal food; article; chemistry; chicken; cooking; eating; egg; female; growth, development and aging; legume; metabolism; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Chickens; Cookery; Eating; Eggs; Fabaceae; Female; Weight Gain; Aves; Gallus gallus; Lablab; Lablab purpureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940670571	Monitoring changes in malaria epidemiology and effectiveness of interventions in Ethiopia and Uganda: Beyond Garki Project baseline survey	Abeku T.A., Helinski M.E.H., Kirby M.J., Kefyalew T., Awano T., Batisso E., Tesfaye G., Ssekitooleko J., Nicholas S., Erdmanis L., Nalwoga A., Bass C., Cose S., Assefa A., Kebede Z., Habte T., Katamba V., Nuwa A., Bakeera-Ssali S., Akiror S.C., Kyomuhagi	2015	Malaria Journal	14	1	10.1186/s12936-015-0852-7	Malaria Consortium, London, United Kingdom; Malaria Consortium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Malaria Consortium, Kampala, Uganda; Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; South Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional Health Bureaux, Hawassa, Ethiopia; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda	Abeku, T.A., Malaria Consortium, London, United Kingdom; Helinski, M.E.H., Malaria Consortium, London, United Kingdom, Malaria Consortium, Kampala, Uganda; Kirby, M.J., Malaria Consortium, London, United Kingdom, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Kefyalew, T., Malaria Consortium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Awano, T., Malaria Consortium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Batisso, E., Malaria Consortium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Tesfaye, G., Malaria Consortium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ssekitooleko, J., Malaria Consortium, Kampala, Uganda; Nicholas, S., Malaria Consortium, London, United Kingdom; Erdmanis, L., Malaria Consortium, London, United Kingdom, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom; Nalwoga, A., Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Bass, C., Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom; Cose, S., Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Assefa, A., Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Kebede, Z., Malaria Consortium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Habte, T., Malaria Consortium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, South Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Regional Health Bureaux, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Katamba, V., National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Nuwa, A., Malaria Consortium, Kampala, Uganda; Bakeera-Ssali, S., Malaria Consortium, Kampala, Uganda; Akiror, S.C., Malaria Consortium, Kampala, Uganda; Kyomuhagi, I., Malaria Consortium, Kampala, Uganda; Tekalegne, A., Malaria Consortium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Magumba, G., Malaria Consortium, Kampala, Uganda; Meek, S.R., Malaria Consortium, London, United Kingdom	Background: Scale-up of malaria interventions seems to have contributed to a decline in the disease but other factors may also have had some role. Understanding changes in transmission and determinant factors will help to adapt control strategies accordingly. Methods: Four sites in Ethiopia and Uganda were set up to monitor epidemiological changes and effectiveness of interventions over time. Here, results of a survey during the peak transmission season of 2012 are reported, which will be used as baseline for subsequent surveys and may support adaptation of control strategies. Data on malariometric and entomological variables, socio-economic status (SES) and control coverage were collected. Results: Malaria prevalence varied from 1.4 % in Guba (Ethiopia) to 9.9 % in Butemba (Uganda). The most dominant species was Plasmodium vivax in Ethiopia and Plasmodium falciparum in Uganda. The majority of human-vector contact occurred indoors in Uganda, ranging from 83 % (Anopheles funestus sensu lato) to 93 % (Anopheles gambiae s.l.), which is an important factor for the effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) or indoor residual spraying (IRS). High kdr-L1014S (resistance genotype) frequency was observed in A. gambiae sensu stricto in Uganda. Too few mosquitoes were collected in Ethiopia, so it was not possible to assess vector habits and insecticide resistance levels. ITN ownership did not vary by SES and 56-98 % and 68-78 % of households owned at least one ITN in Ethiopia and Uganda, respectively. In Uganda, 7 % of nets were purchased by households, but the nets were untreated. In three of the four sites, 69-76 % of people with access to ITNs used them. IRS coverage ranged from 84 to 96 % in the three sprayed sites. Half of febrile children in Uganda and three-quarters in Ethiopia for whom treatment was sought received diagnostic tests. High levels of child undernutrition were detected in both countries carrying important implications on child development. In Uganda, 7-8 % of pregnant women took the recommended minimum three doses of intermittent preventive treatment. Conclusion: Malaria epidemiology seems to be changing compared to earlier published data, and it is essential to have more data to understand how much of the changes are attributable to interventions and other factors. Regular monitoring will help to better interpret changes, identify determinants, modify strategies and improve targeting to address transmission heterogeneity. © 2015 Abeku et al.	Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; Epidemiology; Malaria; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Undernutrition; Vector control	antimalarial agent; anemia; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; Article; bed net; chemoprophylaxis; child health; child nutrition; controlled study; data analysis; disease carrier; disease transmission; epidemiological monitoring; Ethiopia; fever; geographic distribution; health survey; household; human; indoor residual spraying; insecticide resistance; intervention study; major clinical study; malaria; malaria control; malnutrition; parasite prevalence; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; pregnancy; prevalence; program effectiveness; seasonal variation; social adaptation; social status; species dominance; Uganda; vector control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247483432	Bacterial wilt and drought stresses in banana production and their impact on economic welfare in Uganda: Implications for banana research in East African Highlands	Abele S., Pillay M.	2007	Journal of Crop Improvement	19	02-Jan	10.1300/J411v19n01_09	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.O. Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda	Abele, S., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.O. Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda; Pillay, M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.O. Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda	This study investigates the economic impact of banana Xanthomonas wilt (bxw) and drought on banana production in Uganda. The objective of this research is to determine the benefits of targeted research to avoid economic losses. In the worst-case scenarios, spread of bxw at a rate of 8% per annum, or drought at 50% yield losses in a five-year interval, results in significant losses for both consumers and producers. These losses would not only seriously jeopardize food security, but also affect overall macro-economic performance in Uganda. More likely scenarios with lower bxw and drought losses still show high economic losses, but they are mainly occurring on the consumers' side. Producers benefit from price increases at small production losses. This implies that research has to focus on public goods that can be delivered at no cost to farmers, as farmers under these circumstances are not likely to adopt costly preventive management measures. The best bet in this case would be publicly financed breeding, plant material multiplication and dissemination. Other options may be quarantine or trade restrictions, however, research on linkages between trade and the spread of bxw is yet to be done. © 2007 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.	Banana markets; Breeding; Impact; Musa; Uganda; Xanthomonas wilt	Bacteria (microorganisms); Musa; Xanthomonas	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951623942	Udder health problems and major bacterial causes of camel mastitis in Jijiga, Eastern Ethiopia: Implication for impacting food security	Abera M., Abdi O., Abunna F., Megersa B.	2010	Tropical Animal Health and Production	42	3	10.1007/s11250-009-9424-6	Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Po box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Abera, M., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Po box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Abdi, O., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Po box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Abunna, F., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Po box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Megersa, B., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Po box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia	One hundred and forty-five traditionally kept lactating camels (Camelus dromederius) were examined for mastitis by combination of clinical, mastitis card test and subsequent bacteriological isolation. Clinical and sub-clinical mastitis were prevalent in 8.3% (95%CI = 4.6, 14.4) and 20.7% (95%CI = 14.6, 28.4) of the studied animals, respectively. This gives an overall mastitis prevalence of 29.0% (95%CI = 21.9, 37.2) at animal and 17.9% (95%CI = 14.9, 21.3) at quarter levels. High proportion (33.8%) of lactating camels had blind teats and 5.5% had lesions on udder or teat. Taking clinical mastitis and blocked teats into account, the study revealed that only 57.9% of the camels have four teats for milk production. Out of the 505 quarter milk samples examined, 80 (15.8 %) quarters were positive for indicator paper. Upon subsequent culturing, 68.8% (55 out of 80) of the quarter milk samples yielded bacteria. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. coli and Bacillus species were the major isolates. Mastitis prevalence was significantly (p < 0.05) affected by tick infestations, udder lesions, and increased age and parity of the animals. In conclusion, mastitis is a major problem in traditionally managed camels and deserves further attention owning to its potential impact on milk production affecting food security. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Camels; Card test; Ethiopia; Etiology; Mastitis; Prevalence; Risk factors	Animalia; Bacillus (bacterium); Bacteria (microorganisms); Camelidae; Camelus; Escherichia coli; Ixodida; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; animal; animal disease; animal husbandry; article; camel; catering service; chemistry; Ethiopia; female; human; information processing; mastitis; microbiology; milk; questionnaire; udder; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Camels; Data Collection; Ethiopia; Female; Food Supply; Humans; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis; Milk; Questionnaires	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873365599	Compositional dependence of the performance of bulk hetrojunction solar cells based on PTOPT and PCBM	Abera N., Tessema G.	2013	Canadian Journal of Physics	91	1	10.1139/cjp-2012-0340	Department of Physics, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; School of Chemisty and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Abera, N., Department of Physics, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Tessema, G., School of Chemisty and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	The compositional dependence of the performance of the blends of [3-(4-octylphenol)-2,2′-bithiophene] (PTOPT) and 6,6-phenyl-C61-butric acid methyl ester (PCBM) sandwiched between ITO/PEDOT:PSS and Al was studied. The observed dark current-voltage curves showed that the current (J) is space charge limited except at low voltages (V). The best power conversion efficiency (η) and short circuit current (JSC) were found at 72% PCBM loading. Moreover, we have observed significant reduction on the fill factor with increasing PCBM concentration due to high recombination of charge carriers. The impedances across the electrodes were discussed based on low frequency impedance analyzer measurements. © 2013 Published by NRC Research Press.	None	Bithiophenes; Compositional dependence; Dark current-voltage; Fill factor; Low voltages; Low-frequency impedance; Methyl esters; Power conversion efficiencies; Space-charge limited; Physics; Conversion efficiency	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749532875	Evaluation of maize genotypes using parametric and non-parametric stability estimates	Abera W., Labuschagne M.T., Maartens H.	2006	Cereal Research Communications	34	42403	10.1556/CRC.34.2006.2-3.221	Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Abera, W., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Labuschagne, M.T., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Maartens, H., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	High and stable yield is very desirable in maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes. Stable yield of a genotype means that its rank relative to other genotypes remains unchanged in a given set of environments. Grain yield of 10 maize genotypes was tested in a randomised block design with four replications across 15 environments (five locations in three years) in Ethiopia. The combined analysis of variance for environment (E), genotypes (G) and GE interaction was highly significant, suggesting differential responses of the genotypes and the need for stability analysis. The parametric stability measure of Wricke's ecovalence (Wi) and the regression coefficient (bi) showed that BH-660 was the most stable genotype. Nassar and Huehn's non-parametric measures S(1) and S(2), were significantly and positively correlated with Eberhart and Russell's Sdi2 and Wi. The stability measures are useful in characterising cultivars by showing their relative performance in various environments. Results revealed that high-yielding cultivars can also be stable cultivars. The stability statistics generally identified BH-660, L2 and Gibe-1 as the most stable genotypes, whereas Kulani and BH-140 were the least stable.	GE interaction; Stability parameters; Zea mays	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930477652	Pharmacognostic evaluation of the leaves of Secamone afzelii (Schult) K Schum (Asclepiadaceae)	Abere T.A., Onwukaeme D.N.	2012	Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research	11	1	10.4314/tjpr.v11i1.16	Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria	Abere, T.A., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria; Onwukaeme, D.N., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria	Purpose: Establishment of the pharmacognostic profile of the leaves of Secamone afzelii (Schult) K. Schum, known for its antimicrobial, antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties, will assist in standardization, quality assurance, purity and sample identification. Methods: Evaluation of the fresh, powdered and anatomical sections of the leaves were carried out to determine the macromorphological, micromorphological, chemomicroscopic, numerical (palisade ratio, stomata number, stomata index, vein-islet number and veinlet termination number, moisture content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, water-soluble ash, alcohol and water soluble extractive values) and phytochemical profiles. Results: Macro-and microscopical studies indicated the presence of pinnately compound leaf, an entire margin with lanceolate shape, acute base, accumulate apex and reticulate venation. Epidermal walls were straight with numerous calcium oxalate crystals. Stomata arrangement was paracytic, with numerous unicellular uniseriate covering trichomes on both surfaces. Chemomicroscopic characters present included lignin, cellulose, mucilage, suberin and cutin, while phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycosides and saponins. The findings also included numerical and quantitative leaf microscopy. Conclusion: These findings could serve as a basis for proper identification, collection and investigation of Secamone afzelii. © Pharmacotherapy Group. All rights reserved.	Pharmacognostic evaluation; Sample identification; Secamone afzelii	alcohol; alkaloid; calcium oxalate; cardiac glycoside; cellulose; cutine; lignin; plant extract; saponin; Secamone afzelii extract; suberin; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; article; ash; controlled study; drug identification; drug isolation; drug purity; medicinal plant; microscopy; moisture; mucilage; nonhuman; pharmacognosy; plant epidermis cell; plant leaf; plant stoma; powder; quality control; Secamone afzelii; standardization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940403805	Impact of seasonal variation on Escherichia coli concentrations in the riverbed sediments in the Apies River, South Africa	Abia A.L.K., Ubomba-Jaswa E., Momba M.N.B.	2015	Science of the Total Environment	537	None	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.132	Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Arcadia Campus, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Pretoria, South Africa; Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, PO Box 395, Pretoria, South Africa	Abia, A.L.K., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Arcadia Campus, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Pretoria, South Africa; Ubomba-Jaswa, E., Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, PO Box 395, Pretoria, South Africa; Momba, M.N.B., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Arcadia Campus, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Pretoria, South Africa	Many South Africans living in resource-poor settings with little or no access to pipe-borne water still rely on rivers as alternative water sources for drinking and other purposes. The poor microbial quality of such water bodies calls for appropriate monitoring. However, routine monitoring only takes into consideration the microbial quality of the water column, and does not include monitoring of the riverbed sediments for microbial pollution. This study sought to investigate the microbial quality of riverbed sediments in the Apies River, Gauteng Province, South Africa, using Escherichia coli as a faecal indicator organism and to investigate the impact of seasonal variation on its abundance. Weekly samples were collected at 10 sampling sites on the Apies River between May and August 2013 (dry season) and between January and February 2014 (wet season). E. coli was enumerated using the Colilert®-18 Quanti-Tray® 2000 system. All sites tested positive for E. coli. Wastewater treatment work effluents had the highest negative impact on the river water quality. Seasonal variations had an impact on the concentration of E. coli both in water and sediments with concentrations increasing during the wet season. A strong positive correlation was observed between temperature and the E. coli concentrations. We therefore conclude that the sediments of the Apies River are heavily polluted with faecal indicator bacteria and could also harbour other microorganisms including pathogens. The release of such pathogens into the water column as a result of the resuspension of sediments due to extreme events like floods or human activities could increase the health risk of the populations using the untreated river water for recreation and other household purposes. There is therefore an urgent need to reconsider and review the current South African guidelines for water quality monitoring to include sediments, so as to protect human health and other aquatic lives. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Escherichia coli; Faecal pollution; Microbiological quality; Riverbed sediments; Seasonal variation	Effluents; Escherichia coli; Health risks; Pollution; Potable water; Rivers; Sediments; Surface waters; Wastewater treatment; Water pollution; Water quality; Water resources; Alternative water sources; Faecal indicator bacteria; Faecal indicator organisms; Faecal pollutions; Microbiological quality; Riverbed sediments; Seasonal variation; Wastewater treatment works; River pollution; river water; bioaccumulation; biomonitoring; coliform bacterium; concentration (composition); fluvial deposit; health risk; human activity; river bed; seasonal variation; sediment pollution; analytical equipment; Article; concentration (parameters); controlled study; dry season; environmental impact; Escherichia coli; feces microflora; flooding; health hazard; human activities; microbial quality; microbiological parameters; nonhuman; particle resuspension; population abundance; priority journal; quality control; river ecosystem; rural area; sampling; season; seasonal variation; sediment; South Africa; waste water management; water quality; water temperature; wet season; environmental monitoring; Escherichia coli; growth, development and aging; microbiology; river; sediment; water quality; Gauteng; South Africa; Bacteria (microorganisms); Escherichia coli; Environmental Monitoring; Escherichia coli; Geologic Sediments; Rivers; Seasons; South Africa; Water Microbiology; Water Quality	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887570926	Bio-monitoring of mycotoxin exposure in Cameroon using a urinary multi-biomarker approach	Abia W.A., Warth B., Sulyok M., Krska R., Tchana A., Njobeh P.B., Turner P.C., Kouanfack C., Eyongetah M., Dutton M., Moundipa P.F.	2013	Food and Chemical Toxicology	62	None	10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.003	Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon; Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria; Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Gauteng, South Africa; MIAEH, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Central Hospital, Yaounde, Centre Region, Cameroon; Regional Hospital Bamenda, North West Region, Cameroon; Food, Environment and Health Research Group (FEHRG), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Gauteng, South Africa	Abia, W.A., Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon, Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Gauteng, South Africa; Warth, B., Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria; Sulyok, M., Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria; Krska, R., Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria; Tchana, A., Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon; Njobeh, P.B., Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Gauteng, South Africa; Turner, P.C., MIAEH, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States; Kouanfack, C., Central Hospital, Yaounde, Centre Region, Cameroon; Eyongetah, M., Regional Hospital Bamenda, North West Region, Cameroon; Dutton, M., Food, Environment and Health Research Group (FEHRG), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Gauteng, South Africa; Moundipa, P.F., Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon	Bio-monitoring of human exposure to mycotoxin has mostly been limited to a few individually measured mycotoxin biomarkers. This study aimed to determine the frequency and level of exposure to multiple mycotoxins in human urine from Cameroonian adults. 175 Urine samples (83% from HIV-positive individuals) and food frequency questionnaire responses were collected from consenting Cameroonians, and analyzed for 15 mycotoxins and relevant metabolites using LC-ESI-MS/MS. In total, eleven analytes were detected individually or in combinations in 110/175 (63%) samples including the biomarkers aflatoxin M1, fumonisin B1, ochratoxin A and total deoxynivalenol. Additionally, important mycotoxins and metabolites thereof, such as fumonisin B2, nivalenol and zearalenone, were determined, some for the first time in urine following dietary exposures. Multi-mycotoxin contamination was common with one HIV-positive individual exposed to five mycotoxins, a severe case of co-exposure that has never been reported in adults before. For the first time in Africa or elsewhere, this study quantified eleven mycotoxin biomarkers and bio-measures in urine from adults. For several mycotoxins estimates indicate that the tolerable daily intake is being exceeded in this study population. Given that many mycotoxins adversely affect the immune system, future studies will examine whether combinations of mycotoxins negatively impact Cameroonian population particularly immune-suppressed individuals. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Bio-measures; Bio-monitoring; Cameroon; Exposure assessment; HIV/AIDS; Multi-mycotoxin biomarkers	aflatoxin M1; biological marker; fumonisin B1; fumonisin B2; mycotoxin; nivalenol; ochratoxin; vomitoxin; zearalenone; adult; article; biological monitoring; Cameroon; Cameroonian; controlled study; disease severity; electrospray mass spectrometry; environmental exposure; ethnic group; female; food contamination; food frequency questionnaire; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; liquid chromatography; major clinical study; male; metabolite; pilot study; population based case control study; toxin analysis; urinalysis	None
None	None	Field performance of alternative landfill covers vegetated with cottonwood and eucalyptus trees	Abichou T., Musagasa J., Yuan L., Chanton J., Tawfiq K., Rockwood D., Licht L.	2012	International Journal of Phytoremediation	14	None	10.1080/15226514.2011.607869	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida State University Tallahassee, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States; Civil Engineering Department, Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Geosyntec Consultants, Columbia, Maryland, United States; Department of Oceanography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States; School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States; Ecolotree, Inc., North Liberty, Iowa, United States	Abichou, T., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida State University Tallahassee, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States; Musagasa, J., Civil Engineering Department, Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Yuan, L., Geosyntec Consultants, Columbia, Maryland, United States; Chanton, J., Department of Oceanography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States; Tawfiq, K., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States; Rockwood, D., School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States; Licht, L., Ecolotree, Inc., North Liberty, Iowa, United States	A field study was conducted to assess the ability of landfill covers to control percolation into the waste. Performance of one conventional cover was compared to that of two evapotranspiration (ET) tree covers, using large (7 × 14 m) lined lysimeters at the Leon County Solid Waste management facility in Tallahassee, Florida. Additional unlined test sections were also constructed and monitored in order to compare soil water storage, soil temperature, and tree growth inside lysimeters and in unlined test sections. The unlined test sections were in direct contact with landfill gas.Surface runoff on the ET covers was a small proportion of the water balance (1% of precipitation) as compared to 13% in the conventional cover. Percolation in the ET covers averaged 17% and 24% of precipitation as compared to 33% in the conventional cover. On average, soil water storage was higher in the lined lysimeters (429 mm) compared to unlined test sections (408 mm). The average soil temperature in the lysimeters was lower than in the unlined test sections. The average tree height inside the lysimeters was not significantly lower (8.04 m for eucalyptus and 7.11 m for cottonwood) than outside (8.82 m for eucalyptus and 8.01 m for cottonwood). ET tree covers vegetated with cottonwood or eucalyptus are feasible for North Florida climate as an alternative to GCL covers. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	alternative covers; cottonwood; eucalyptus; evapotranspiration; landfill covers; lysimeter	rain; water; article; chemistry; construction work and architectural phenomena; environmental monitoring; Eucalyptus; growth, development and aging; pollution; Populus; season; soil; standard; temperature; tree; United States; waste disposal facility; water flow; water pollution; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollution; Eucalyptus; Facility Design and Construction; Florida; Populus; Rain; Seasons; Soil; Temperature; Trees; Waste Disposal Facilities; Water; Water Movements; Water Pollution; Eucalyptus; Populus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548763918	Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of pyramidal, modified pyramidal and monoscreen traps for the control of the tsetse fly, Glossina fuscipes fuscipes, in Uganda	Abila P.P., Okello-Onen J., Okoth J.O., Matete G.O., Wamwiri F., Politzar H.	2007	Journal of Insect Science	7	None	None	National Livestock Resources Research Institute, P.O. Box 96, Tororo, Uganda; Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda; Community Based Vector Control Organisation, P.O. Box 806, Tororo, Uganda; Trypanosomiasis Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya; Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources, P.O. Box 30786, Nairobi, Kenya	Abila, P.P., National Livestock Resources Research Institute, P.O. Box 96, Tororo, Uganda; Okello-Onen, J., Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda; Okoth, J.O., Community Based Vector Control Organisation, P.O. Box 806, Tororo, Uganda; Matete, G.O., Trypanosomiasis Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya; Wamwiri, F., Trypanosomiasis Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya; Politzar, H., Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources, P.O. Box 30786, Nairobi, Kenya	Several trap designs have been used for sampling and control of the tsetse fly, Glossina fuscipes fuscipes, Newstead (Diptera: Glossinidae) based on preferences of individual researchers and program managers with little understanding of the comparative efficiency and cost-effectiveness of trap designs. This study was carried out to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of four commonly used trap designs: monoscreen, modified pyramidal and pyramidal, relative to the standard biconical trap. The study was performed under high tsetse challenge on Buvuma Island, Lake Victoria, Uganda, using a 4 x 4 Latin square design replicated 3 times, so as to separate the trap positions and day effects from the treatment effect. A total of 12 trap positions were tested over 4 days. The monoscreen trap caught significantly higher numbers of G. f. fuscipes (P<0.05) followed by biconical, modified pyramidal and pyramidal traps. Analysis of variance showed that treatment factor was a highly significant source of variation in the data. The index of increase in trap catches relative to biconical were 0.60 (pyramidal), 0.68 (modified pyramidal) and 1.25 (monoscreen). The monoscreen trap was cheaper (US$ 2.61) and required less material to construct than pyramidal trap (US$ 3.48), biconical and the modified pyramidal traps (US$ 4.06 each). Based on the number of flies caught per meter of material, the monoscreen trap proved to be the most cost-effective (232 flies/m) followed by the biconical trap (185 flies/m). The modified pyramidal and the pyramidal traps caught 112 and 125 flies/m, respectively.	None	Diptera; Glossina (genus); Glossina fuscipes fuscipes; Glossinidae; animal; article; cost benefit analysis; economics; evaluation; female; insect control; instrumentation; male; physiology; standard; tsetse fly; Uganda; Animals; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Insect Control; Male; Tsetse Flies; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926235128	Modelling the relationship between job demands, work attitudes and performance among nurses in a transition economy	Abiodun A.J., Osibanjo O.A., Adeniji A.A., Iyere-Okojie E.	2014	International Journal of Healthcare Management	7	4	10.1179/2047971914Y.0000000073	Department of Business Management, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria	Abiodun, A.J., Department of Business Management, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria; Osibanjo, O.A., Department of Business Management, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria; Adeniji, A.A., Department of Business Management, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria; Iyere-Okojie, E., Department of Business Management, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria	Nurses are critical human resource input in the hospitals’ functions of health promotion, curative and preventive care and; effective performance of their roles have implications for patients’ health outcomes. This study based on data obtained from 228 nurses in general and specialist hospitals explores the link between various dimensions of nurses’ job demands, job security and work attitude. Structural equation model analysis results indicate that work–family conflict and work pressures have implications for absenteeism; and that absenteeism is strongly linked with turnover while being a symptom of low job satisfaction. In addition, while job security negatively impact on absenteeism it has direct positive effect on both job satisfaction and commitment. This underlies the need for specific managerial countermeasures to balance work–family responsibilities as well as balance work load as measures to limit work pressures on nurses and hedge against absenteeism and turnover among nurses. © W. S. Maney & Son Ltd 2014.	Absenteeism; Job demand; Job security; Organizational withdrawal; Turnover; Work attitude	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867099092	Modeling the impacts of reforestation on future climate in West Africa	Abiodun B.J., Adeyewa Z.D., Oguntunde P.G., Salami A.T., Ajayi V.O.	2012	Theoretical and Applied Climatology	110	02-Jan	10.1007/s00704-012-0614-1	Climate System Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Meteorology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Fed	Abiodun, B.J., Climate System Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Adeyewa, Z.D., Department of Meteorology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Oguntunde, P.G., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Salami, A.T., Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Ajayi, V.O., Department of Meteorology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	This study investigates the potential impacts of reforestation in West Africa on the projected regional climate in the near two decades (2031-2050) under the SRES A1B scenario. A regional climate model (RegCM3) forced with a global circulation model (ECHAM5) simulations was used for the study. The study evaluates the capability of the regional model in simulating the present-day climate over West Africa, projects the future climate over the region and investigates impacts of seven hypothetical reforestation options on the projected future climate. Three of these reforestation options assume zonal reforestation over West Africa (i. e., over the Sahel, Savanna and Guinea), while the other four assume random reforestation over Nigeria. With the elevated GHGs (A1B scenario), a warmer and drier climate is projected over West Africa in 2031-2050. The maximum warming (+2. 5°C) and drying (-2 mm day -1) occur in the western part of the Sahel because the West Africa Monsoon (WAM) flow is stronger and deflects the cool moist air more eastward, thereby lowering the warming and drying in the eastern part. In the simulations, reforestation reduces the projected warming and drying over the reforested zones but increases them outside the zones because it influences the northward progression of WAM in summer. It reduces the speed of the flow by weakening the temperature gradient that drives the flow and by increasing the surface drag on the flow over the reforested zone. Hence, in summer, the reforestation delays the onset of monsoon flow in transporting cool moist air over the area located downwind of the reforested zone, consequently enhancing the projected warming and drying over the area. The impact of reforesting Nigeria is not limited to the country; while it lowers the warming over part of the country (and over Togo), it increases the warming over Chad and Cameroon. This study, therefore, suggests that using reforestation to mitigate the projected future climate change in West Africa could have both positive and negative impacts on the regional climate, reducing temperature in some places and increasing it in others. Hence, reforestation in West Africa requires a mutual agreement among the West African nations because the impacts of reforestation do not recognize political boundaries. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	None	air temperature; atmospheric circulation; climate change; climate modeling; greenhouse gas; monsoon; reforestation; regional climate; temperature gradient; Cameroon; Chad; Guinea; Nigeria; Sahel [Sub-Saharan Africa]; Togo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879555890	Potential impacts of afforestation on climate change and extreme events in Nigeria	Abiodun B.J., Salami A.T., Matthew O.J., Odedokun S.	2013	Climate Dynamics	41	2	10.1007/s00382-012-1523-9	Climate System Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Climate Change Unit, Institute Ecology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Abiodun, B.J., Climate System Analysis Group, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Salami, A.T., Climate Change Unit, Institute Ecology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Matthew, O.J., Climate Change Unit, Institute Ecology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Odedokun, S., Climate Change Unit, Institute Ecology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Afforestation is usually thought as a good approach to mitigate impacts of warming over a region. This study presents an argument that afforestation may have bigger impacts than originally thought by previous studies. The study investigates the impacts of afforestation on future climate and extreme events in Nigeria, using a regional climate model (RegCM3), forced with global climate model simulations. The impacts of seven afforestation options on the near future (2031-2050, under A1B scenario) climate and the extreme events are investigated. RegCM3 replicates essential features in the present-day (1981-2000) climate and the associated extreme events, and adequately simulates the seasonal variations over the ecological zones in the country. However, the model simulates the seasonal climate better over the northern ecological zones than over the southern ecological zones. The simulated spatial distribution of the extreme events agrees well with the observation, though the magnitude of the simulated events is smaller than the observed. The study shows that afforestation in Nigeria could have both positive and negative future impacts on the climate change and extreme events in the country. While afforestation reduces the projected global warming and enhances rainfall over the afforested area (and over coastal zones), it enhances the warming and reduces the rainfall over the north-eastern part of the country. In addition, the afforestation induces more frequent occurrence of extreme rainfall events (flooding) over the coastal region and more frequent occurrence of heat waves and droughts over the semi-arid region. The positive and negative impacts of the afforestation are not limited to Nigeria; they extend to the neighboring countries. While afforestation lowers the warming and enhances rainfall over Benin Republic, it increases the warming and lowers the rainfall over Niger, Chad and Cameroon. The result of the study has important implication for the ongoing climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts in Nigeria. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	Afforestation; Climate change; Extreme events; Geo-engineering; Monsoon; Nigeria	afforestation; climate change; climate modeling; extreme event; global warming; monsoon; rainfall; regional climate; seasonal variation; spatial distribution; Nigeria	NRF, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-48449089170	Simulation of West African monsoon using RegCM3 Part II: Impacts of deforestation and desertification	Abiodun B.J., Pal J.S., Afiesimama E.A., Gutowski W.J., Adedoyin A.	2008	Theoretical and Applied Climatology	93	04-Mar	10.1007/s00704-007-0333-1	Department of Meteorology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Earth System Physics Group, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy; Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, Loyola Marymount University,	Abiodun, B.J., Department of Meteorology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, 3134 Agronomy Building, Ames, IA, United States; Pal, J.S., Earth System Physics Group, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy, Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Afiesimama, E.A., WMO Regional Research and Training Institute, Lagos, Nigeria; Gutowski, W.J., Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, 3134 Agronomy Building, Ames, IA, United States; Adedoyin, A., Department of Physics, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana	In this study, we investigate the feedback mechanisms between land cover and the monsoon in West African using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model (RegCM3). A series of multi-year simulations are performed using reanalysis boundary conditions under three idealised vegetation states (potential, desertified and deforested). The study shows that both desertification and deforestation tend to increase the monsoon flow over the Guinean region, although the mechanisms for change are different in each case. Desertification increases the flow mainly by increasing the meridional temperature gradient. While this reduces rainfall over the desertification region, it increases rainfall to the south. On the other hand, deforestation increases the monsoon flow mainly due to the reduced surface friction experienced by the flow over the Guinean region. This reduces rainfall over the entire West African region. The study furthershows that desertification and deforestation also increase the speed and specific humidity of the mid-tropospheric easterly flow, to the south of the African easterly jet. Consequently, the flow transports more moisture away from the West Africa region at the expense of low-level moisture, resulting in less moisture available for rainfall over the region. Overall, this study suggests that the state of the biosphere in West Africa may play an important role in determining the characteristics of the monsoon and rainfall pattern. © Springer-Verlag 2007.	None	biosphere; boundary condition; deforestation; desertification; feedback mechanism; land cover; monsoon; rainfall; regional climate; relative humidity; temperature gradient; troposphere; Africa; Guinea; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871398016	Cystatin C-based evaluation of kidney function of HIV-infected children in Benin City, Southern Nigeria	Abiodun M.T., Iduoriyekemwen N.J., Abiodun P.O.	2012	International Journal of Nephrology	2012	None	10.1155/2012/861296	Department of Child Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin 300001, Nigeria	Abiodun, M.T., Department of Child Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin 300001, Nigeria; Iduoriyekemwen, N.J., Department of Child Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin 300001, Nigeria; Abiodun, P.O., Department of Child Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin 300001, Nigeria	Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is now a confirmed risk factor for kidney disease with an increased burden in persons of African descent. Method. We measured the serum cystatin C levels of 205 ART-naive, HIV-infected children by an ELISA technique and compared them with the levels of apparently healthy children. Result. The mean ± SD serum cystatin C level of children with HIV infection was 1.01 ± 0.44 mg/L, significantly higher than the mean value in the control group, that is, 0.72 ± 0.20 mg/L (P=0.000). The mean ± SD cystatin C-based estimated GFR of children with HIV infection was 102.7 ± 31.0 mL/min/1.73 m2, significantly lower than 126.9 ± 28.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the control group, (P=0.014). A significantly higher proportion of HIV-infected children compared to controls had eGFR &lt; 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (21.5% versus 5.4%; P=0.00). The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among the HIV-infected children was 10.7%. The cystatin C-based eGFR of the HIV-infected children ≥5 years old correlated positively with their CD4 count (r=0.23; P=0.022). Conclusion. There is a high prevalence of CKD among HIV-infected children, requiring regular monitoring of their kidney function using a cystatin C-based method. © 2012 Moses Temidayo Abiodun et al.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650198222	Impact of microfinance bank on standard of living of hairdresser in ogbomoso north local government of Oyo State, Nigeria	Abiola I., Salami A.O.	2011	International Business Management	5	1	10.3923/ibm.2011.27.32	Department of Management and Accounting, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria	Abiola, I., Department of Management and Accounting, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Salami, A.O., Department of Management and Accounting, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria	The thrusts of this study are to determine the impact of Microfinance bank on standard of living of hairdressers in Ogbomoso North Local Government Area (LGA) of Oyo State and to examine the impact of Microfinance on asset acquisition and savings of hairdressers in that LGA. A total of 49 hairdressers who registered with Ogbomoso North LGA were used as study sample. Data were collected using questionnaire and hypothesis was used using Chi-square technique. The hypothesis was rejected at 5% significant level. It was then concluded that there is a significant relationship between Microfinance bank efforts and standard of living of hairdressers in Ogbomoso North LGA. Recommendations was thus made that government through the Apex bank (CBN) should ensure that Microfinance bank loans are easily obtainable and repayment should include a grace period with reasonable schedule instead of weekly payment period that is commonly found among the microfinance banks in Nigeria. © Medwell Journals, 2011.	Hairdressing; Liquidity; Micro enterprises; Micro-credit; Microfinance bank; Poverty; Standard of living	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897371726	Comparative evaluation of haemagglutination potential of haemolymph from two species of giant African land snails (Archachatina marginata and Achatina achatina)	Abiona J.A., Akinduti P.A., Oyekunle M.A., Osinowo O.A., Onagbesan A.O.M.	2014	Fish and Shellfish Immunology	38	1	10.1016/j.fsi.2014.02.014	Department of Animal Physiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Abiona, J.A., Department of Animal Physiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Akinduti, P.A., Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Oyekunle, M.A., Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Osinowo, O.A., Department of Animal Physiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Onagbesan, A.O.M., Department of Animal Physiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	A comparative study was conducted to evaluate haemagglutination potential in the haemolymph of two species of giant African land snails (Archachatina marginata and Achatina achatina). Three liveweight groups of snails (<100g, 101-150g and >150g) were used with 4 replicates per liveweight per species for haemagglutination assay (HA). The effect of aestivation on haemagglutination potential was also evaluated. Erythrocytes (2%) from cattle, sheep, goat and chicken were used for HA assay. Results showed that agglutinin-like substances that agglutinate erythrocytes of sheep, goat, cattle and chicken were present in the haemolymph of the two species of giant African land snails. Effect of species was found to be significant (P<0.001) on haemagglutination titre. Haemolymph of A. marginata, had higher haemagglutination titre than that of A. achatina across the three liveweight groups used in this study. Snail liveweight had no significant effect (P>0.05) on agglutinin content of the haemolymph in both species. Agglutination level depended on the source of erythrocyte used. Sheep erythrocyte recorded the highest haemagglutination titre, followed by goat, cattle, and chicken in that order. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that Giant African land snails (GALS) haemolymph contain agglutinins as previously reported for Helix species. This evidence may be the basis for its survivability in the wild and thus establish the use of GALS for African herbal medicinal applications. © 2014.	Giant African land snails; Haemagglutination; Haemagglutinin; Haemolymph; Titre	agglutinin; animal; chemistry; drug effects; erythrocyte; hemagglutination; hemolymph; physiology; snail; Agglutinins; Animals; Erythrocytes; Hemagglutination; Hemolymph; Snails	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953469108	Standardisation of Artemisia annua using Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC)	Abolaji O A., Eteng M U., Ebong E P., Brisibe A., Shakil A., Shaista E., Iqbal M C.	2010	Pharmacognosy Journal	2	7	None	Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Canaan Land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B 1115, Calabar, Cross	Abolaji O, A., Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Canaan Land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Eteng M, U., Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Ebong E, P., Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Brisibe, A., Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Calabar, P.M.B 1115, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Shakil, A., Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Canaan Land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, Industrial Analytical Centre, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan; Shaista, E., Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Canaan Land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, Industrial Analytical Centre, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan; Iqbal M, C., Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P.M.B 1023, Canaan Land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, Industrial Analytical Centre, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan	Artemisia annua L is a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of many disorders including drug resistant malaria. The active constituent against malaria, artemisinin, has been isolated and characterized by Chinese scientists. Artemisia annua is now being grown in malaria endemic countries like Nigeria. The aim of the present study was to quantify artemisinin content of Nigerian Grown Artemisia annua using a fast and reliable Reversed Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) analytical technique since artemisinin content is affected by geographical and seasonal variations. HPLC conditions used for determination of the artemisinin content were established as follows; phenomenex luna column (5 μm; 250 mm × 4.6 mm) was employed with the mobile phase of acetic acid (% 0.1 v/v): acetonitrile: H2O (70:30) mixture at the flow rate of 1 ml/min. The good linearity of artemisinin was observed with y = 11714 × (r2 = 0.9989). Artemisinin was detected in our sample and was calculated to be 1.0975 %. © 2010 Phcog.net.	Artemisia annua L.; Artemisinin; HPLC; Standardisation	acetic acid; acetonitrile; Artemisia annua extract; artemisinin; Artemisia annua; article; calculation; controlled study; flow rate; Nigeria; quantitative analysis; reliability; reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography; seasonal variation; standardization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872695045	Evaluation of the microbiological quality of ground nut cake (Kuli kuli) samples sold in markets in Ado-Ekiti Metropolis, Ekiti State Nigeria	Aboloma R.I.	2012	Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology	6	3	None	Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Aboloma, R.I., Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Groundnut cake (Kuli kuli) samples were purchased from sellers in five markets in Ado-Ekiti and taken to the laboratory for microbiological analyses. To isolate fungi, the samples were cultured on potatoe dextrose agar and sabouraud dextrose agar and the plates were cultured at 25°C for 5days. Bacteria were isolated by culturing the samples on nutrient agar. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The fungi isolated were Rhizopus stolonifer, Mucor mucedo, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus flaws. Penicillium italicum, Penicillium digitatum. The most frequently occurring fungi was Rhizopus stolonifer(25%)while the least occurring was Penicillium digitatum(10%). The highest fungal count was 2.0×105 recorded in market E while the least was 1.0×102 in samples from market A. The bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli , Serratia marcescens. The highest bacterial count was 4.0×106 recorded in market E while the least was 2.3×104 in samples from market A. It was concluded that kuli kuli sold in markets in Ado-Ekiti could be a source of transmission of microorganisms that could lead to intoxication and other health hazards. Sellers were therefore advised to ensure proper packaging of kuli kuli before display in market places to avoid microbial contamination.	Bacteria; Fungi; Kuli kuli; Microorganisms	agar; glucose; article; Aspergillus flavus; Bacillus subtilis; bacterial count; bacterium culture; bacterium isolation; Escherichia coli; food control; food quality; fungus culture; fungus isolation; incubation temperature; incubation time; market; microbial contamination; microbiological examination; Mucor; Nigeria; nonhuman; peanut; Penicillium; Penicillium digitatum; potato; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rhizopus stolonifer; Serratia marcescens; Staphylococcus aureus; Trichoderma viride; Aspergillus; Bacillus subtilis; Bacteria (microorganisms); Escherichia coli; Fungi; Mucor mucedo; Penicillium digitatum; Penicillium italicum; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rhizopus stolonifer; Serratia marcescens; Staphylococcus aureus; Trichoderma viride	None
WoS	WOS:000343734600001	Learning from developing countries in strengthening health systems: an evaluation of personal and professional impact among global health volunteers at Addis Ababa University's Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (Ethiopia)	Aboneh, Ephrem A.,Busse, Heidi,Tefera, Girma	2014	GLOBALIZATION AND HEALTH	10	None	10.1186/s12992-014-0064-x	Addis Ababa University, University of Wisconsin Madison, University of Wisconsin System	"Aboneh, Ephrem A.: Addis Ababa University","Busse, Heidi: University of Wisconsin Madison","Busse, Heidi: University of Wisconsin System","Tefera, Girma: University of Wisconsin Madison","Tefera, Girma: University of Wisconsin System"	Background: The positive impact of global health activities by volunteers from the United States in low-and middle-income countries has been recognized. Most existing global health partnerships evaluate what knowledge, ideas, and activities the US institution transferred to the low-or middle-income country. However, what this fails to capture are what kinds of change happen to US-based partners due to engagement in global health partnerships, both at the individual and institutional levels. "Reverse innovation" is the term that is used in global health literature to describe this type of impact. The objectives of this study were to identify what kinds of impact global partnerships have on health volunteers from developed countries, advance this emerging body of knowledge, and improve understanding of methods and indicators for assessing reverse innovation. Methods: The study population consisted of 80 US, Canada, and South Africa-based health care professionals who volunteered at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia. Surveys were web-based and included multiple choice and open-ended questions to assess global health competencies. The data were analyzed using IBRM SPSS (R) version 21 for quantitative analysis; the open-ended responses were coded using constant comparative analysis to identify themes. Results: Of the 80 volunteers, 63 responded (79 percent response rate). Fifty-two percent of the respondents were male, and over 60 percent were 40 years of age and older. Eighty-three percent reported they accomplished their trip objectives, 95 percent would participate in future activities and 96 percent would recommend participation to other colleagues. Eighty-nine percent reported personal impact and 73 percent reported change on their professional development. Previous global health experience, multiple prior trips, and the desire for career advancement were associated with positive impact on professional development. Conclusion: Professionally and personally meaningful learning happens often during global health outreach. Understanding this impact has important policy, economic, and programmatic implications. With the aid of improved monitoring and evaluation frameworks, the simple act of attempting to measure "reverse innovation" may represent a shift in how global health partnerships are perceived, drawing attention to the two-way learning and benefits that occur and improving effectiveness in global health partnership spending.	Africa,COLLABORATION,"global health","Health systems partnership","reverse innovation","Twinning partnership",PARTNERSHIPS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906912841	The impact of a monolingual medium of instruction in a multilingual university in South Africa	Abongdia J.-F.A.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	13 SPEC. ISSUE	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n13p62	University of Fort Hare, South Africa	Abongdia, J.-F.A., University of Fort Hare, South Africa	This paper investigates the impacts of a monolingual medium of instruction (MOI) in a multilingual university in South Africa. It offers a critical examination of the different effects (both positive and negative) this may have on learning and of course academic performance of the students. It further examines why the students may or may not prefer the selected medium of instruction and the effect this has on their learning abilities. Hence the analysis of these different views would inform and improve the teaching and learning in the classroom at higher education level as the lecturers would be informed of the outcomes thus leading to different strategic approaches that would be used in teaching and learning. In addition, the paper presents the factors that appear to play a role in shaping the students' ideologies and attitudes towards English, a language used as a MOI across most if not all universities in South Africa and which many of the students appear to find difficult to use in academic learning. The findings from this qualitative study are examined using studies on language ideologies by Kroskrity (2000) and language policy and planning by Spolsky and Shohamy (2000) and Brumfit (2006).	English; Language attitudes; Language ideologies; Language policy; Medium of instruction; Multilingualism; Socio-political factors; South Africa; University	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884484865	Effects of feeding locally processed blood meal diets on reproductive performance of pigs	Abonyi F.O., Omeke B.C.O.	2013	Indian Journal of Animal Research	47	4	None	Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Abonyi, F.O., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Omeke, B.C.O., Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Large White x Landrace crossbred primigravid pigs (n=24) were divided into four groups and randomly assigned to four diets replacing soya bean meal (SBM) at 0, 50, 75 and 100% levels with blood meal (BM). From farrowing through weaning, a lactating sow was fed 2.50 kg feed in addition to 0.20 kg per piglet farrowed. Body condition of the pigs was assessed at day 90, at term, mid lactation and weaning. Ten piglets from each group were used to evaluate the effects of the diets on the performance of their F1 offspring. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference between different groups in mean gestation period, litter size, number of piglets weaned, litter weight, piglets' weight at mid lactation and at weaning. Pigs fed BM diets showed higher body condition score at weaning and it was most favourable in pigs where 75% SBM was replaced with BM. There was a rise in packed cell volume of the piglets as the level of BM inclusion increased. It indicated that BM can be included up to 7.5% level in the diet of gestating sows replacing SBM limited to 75%.	Body condition score; Large White x Landrace crossbreed; Nigeria; Pig diets; Swine reproduction	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944533677	Growth performance, haematology and insulin profile of weanling pigs fed graded levels zinc oxide supplemented diet	Abonyi F.O., Ogoenyi E.E., Eze J.I., Machebe N.S.	2015	Indian Journal of Animal Research	49	5	10.18805/ijar.5576	University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukk, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Abonyi, F.O., University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, Department of Animal Health and Production, University of Nigeria, Nsukk, Nigeria; Ogoenyi, E.E., University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Eze, J.I., University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Machebe, N.S., University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria, Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Landrace x Duroc crossbred intact male pigs (n=24) weighing between 11.05 to 11.35kg and aged 7.5 to 8.0 weeks were assigned to four treatments groups (A, B, C and D) by a complete randomized design. A common grower diet was supplemented with ZnO at 100 (A,control), 1000 (B), 1500 (C) and 2000mg/kg (D), and fed to the animals ad libitum for 10 weeks.Their feed intake, weight gainand feed: gain, packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC), total white blood cell (TWBC),differential white blood cell (DWBC) and insulin profile were determined. There were no significant(p> 0.05) differences indailyfeed intake,feed: gain and in most haematological parameters investigated.Lymphocyte count was significantly (P < 0.05) higher amongthe groups fed high ZnO supplemented diet. A dose dependent increase in insulin profile was observed. Growth performancewas best at inclusion rate of 1000mg/kg of ZnO. © 2015, Agricultural Research Communication Centre. All rights reserved.	Feed supplementation; Grower diets; Immune status; Nigeria; Pig performance; Swine	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650330818	Do export status and export intensity increase firm performance?	Abor J.	2011	Thunderbird International Business Review	53	1	10.1002/tie.20386	University of Ghana Business School, Legon; and Researcher, African Economic Research Consortium, Ghana	Abor, J., University of Ghana Business School, Legon; and Researcher, African Economic Research Consortium, Ghana	This study examines the effects of export status and export intensity on the performance of firms in Ghana. Our measures of performance include productivity and profitability. Using the Regional Project on Enterprise Development (RPED) dataset covering the period 1991-2002, the results of this study indicate that export status and export intensity have positive effects on productivity, confirming the learning-by-exporting hypothesis. Competition on the international market exposes exporting firms to new technologies, and this has the potential of increasing their productivity. Thus, economic policy initiatives should be directed at encouraging firms to enter the export market. Existing exporters should also be motivated to intensify their exporting efforts by exporting more of their output to foreign markets. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250304749	Corporate governance, ownership structure and performance of SMEs in Ghana: Implications for financing opportunities	Abor J., Biekpe N.	2007	Corporate Governance	7	3	10.1108/14720700710756562	University of Stellenbosch, Business School, Cape Town, South Africa; University of Ghana, Business School, Legon, Ghana	Abor, J., University of Stellenbosch, Business School, Cape Town, South Africa, University of Ghana, Business School, Legon, Ghana; Biekpe, N., University of Stellenbosch, Business School, Cape Town, South Africa	Purpose - This study seeks to assess how the adoption of corporate governance structures affects the performance of SMEs (small to medium-sized enterprises) in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach - Regression analysis is used to estimate the relationship between corporate governance and ownership structure and performance. Findings - The results show that board size, board composition, management skill level, CEO duality, inside ownership, family business, and foreign ownership have significantly positive impacts on profitability. Corporate governance can greatly assist the SME sector by infusing better management practices, stronger internal auditing, greater opportunities for growth and new strategic outlook through non-executive directors. It is clear that corporate governance structures influence performance of SMEs in Ghana. Originality/value - This paper provides insights on the effects of corporate governance and ownership structure on the performance of Ghanaian SMEs. The paper also shows the implications of SMEs gaining access to finance as a result of adopting a good governance system. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Corporate governance; Corporate ownership; Ghana; Performance management; Small to medium-sized enterprises	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924339798	The effects of healthcare governance and ownership structure on the performance of hospitals in Ghana	Abor P.A.	2015	International Journal of Law and Management	57	2	10.1108/IJLMA-04-2014-0031	School of Management, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Public Administration AND Health Services Management, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Abor, P.A., School of Management, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, Department of Public Administration AND Health Services Management, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of health-care governance and ownership structure on the performance of hospitals in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses multiple regression models based on a sample of 132 hospitals in Ghana. Findings – The results of the study indicate that hospitals with a governing board perform better than those without a governing board. The results of this study also suggest that board characteristics and ownership structure are important in explaining the performance of hospitals in Ghana. The results further indicate that mission-based and private hospitals with effective board governance structures exhibit better performance than public hospitals. Originality/value – This study makes a number of new and meaningful contributions to the extant literature and the findings support managerialism, stakeholder and resource dependency theories. The findings also have important implications for the effective governance of hospitals. © 2015 Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Health-care governance; Hospital; Ownership structure; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897148411	Ownership structure and firm performance: Evidence from nigerian listed companies	Abosede Adebiyi J., Kajola Sunday O.	2011	Corporate Ownership and Control	8	4 E	None	Department of Business Administration, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Department of Accounting, Banking and Finance, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	Abosede Adebiyi, J., Department of Business Administration, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Kajola Sunday, O., Department of Accounting, Banking and Finance, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	This paper examines the relationship between firms' ownership structure and financial performance in Nigeria, using a sample of thirty listed companies between 2001 and 2008. Using pooled OLS as a method of estimation and after controlling for four firm-specific characteristics, our results show a negative and significant relationship between ownership structure (director shareholding) and firm financial performance (ROE). This is in support of Entrenchment hypothesis. Also, our study does not support a non-linear relationship between ownership structure and firm performance.	Agency cost; Corporate governance; Nigeria; Ownership structure; ROE	None	None
None	None	Evaluation of HIV antibody and antigen/antibody combination ELISAs for use in an alternative confirmatory HIV testing strategy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Aboud S., Urassa W., Lyamuya E., Mhalu F., Biberfeld G.	2006	Journal of Virological Methods	135	2	10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.03.005	Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Microbiology, Tumorbiology Centre, Karolinska Institute, Nobels väg 18, SE-171 82 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden	Aboud, S., Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Urassa, W., Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lyamuya, E., Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mhalu, F., Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Biberfeld, G., Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Microbiology, Tumorbiology Centre, Karolinska Institute, Nobels väg 18, SE-171 82 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden	The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) [Vironostika Uni-Form II plus O and Enzygnost® anti-HIV-1/2 Plus], and two antigen/antibody combination ELISAs [Murex and Vironostika HIV Uni-Form II] for use in an alternative confirmatory HIV diagnostic testing strategy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Altogether, 1380 serum samples were included. All ELISA reactive samples were tested using the Inno-Lia antibody assay and discrepant samples were tested on the Innotest p24 antigen assay. Three hundred and one (21.8%) samples were confirmed HIV-1 antibody positive by Inno-Lia including 27/508 (5.3%) from blood donors, 65/511 (12.7%) from pregnant women and 209/361 (57.9%) from hospital patients. The sensitivity at initial testing was 100% (95% CI; 98.8-100%) for all assays except Vironostika Uni-Form II plus O (99.7%; 95% CI; 98.2-99.9%) which showed one false negative sample at initial testing but 100% sensitivity after repeat testing. The final specificity at repeat testing was 100% (95% CI; 99.7-100%) for Enzygnost® anti-HIV-1/2 Plus, 99.4% (95% CI; 98.8-99.8%) for each of the antigen/antibody combination ELISAs and 97.9% (95% CI; 96.8-98.6%) for Vironostika plus O ELISA. An alternative confirmatory HIV testing strategy based on initial testing on any of the two antigen/antibody assays followed by testing of reactive samples on the Enzygnost® anti-HIV-1/2 Plus assay gave 100% specificity (95% CI; 99.7-100%). © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Alternative confirmatory strategy; HIV antigen/antibody combination assay; p24 antigen	antigen p24; Human immunodeficiency virus antibody; Human immunodeficiency virus antigen; antigen antibody complex; antigen binding; article; blood donor; blood sampling; clinical article; confidence interval; diagnostic test; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; false negative result; female; hospital patient; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 2; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunoassay; pregnant woman; priority journal; sensitivity analysis; sensitivity and specificity; Tanzania; AIDS Serodiagnosis; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; HIV Antibodies; HIV Core Protein p24; HIV-1; HIV-2; Humans; Sensitivity and Specificity; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Murex	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879141616	Performance of diamond inserts in ultra-high precision turning of Cu3Cr3Zr alloy	Abou-El-Hossein K., Olufayo O., Mkoko Z.	2013	Wear	302	42371	10.1016/j.wear.2013.01.062	Precision Engineering Laboratory, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Abou-El-Hossein, K., Precision Engineering Laboratory, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Olufayo, O., Precision Engineering Laboratory, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Mkoko, Z., Precision Engineering Laboratory, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Copper-chrome-zirconium (Cu3Cr3Zr) alloys can be used in the optics industry to make mould inserts for injection of thermoplastic optical parts such as lenses and windows. The fabrication of optical mould inserts is usually achieved by diamond turning in order to obtain necessary optical surface finish and high form accuracy. This study was undertaken to investigate the tool wear characteristics when ultra-high precision machining of Cu3Cr3Zr with mono-crystalline diamond inserts. In this work, standard non-controlled waviness diamond inserts having nose radius of about 1.5. mm, rake angle of negative 5°, clearance angle of 5° and included angle of 60° were used to produce a flat mirror of 50-mm diameter. Wear patterns occurring on the tool flank and rake faces were observed. Diamond tool performance is discussed in terms of possible wear mechanisms. In addition, the tool wear is associated with the acoustic signals emitted during machining. The preliminary results from the SEM analysis show that abrasive wear is a dominant mechanism especially at low feed rates. The study yields some recommendations on the best combination of machining parameters that will result in maximum material removal rates with relatively smallest possible damage to the tool edge. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Cu3Cr3Zr alloy; Diamond tool wear; Ultra-high precision machining	Acoustic signals; Diamond tool wears; Dominant mechanism; Machining parameters; Material removal rate; Optical surface finish; Precision machining; Precision turning; Alloys; Diamond cutting tools; Diamonds; Lenses; Molds; Tribology; Turning; Wear of materials; Cerium alloys	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908200710	Impact of soybean (Glycine maxL.) and maize (Zea mays L.) inter-crop on the vegetative and yield performance of yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana (Pers) Schum.)	Aboyeji C.M., Abayomi Y.A., Aduloju M.O., Olofintoye T.A.J.	2014	Tropical Agriculture	91	3	None	Department of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, florin, Nigeria; College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, Omuaran, Nigeria; National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan, Nigeria	Aboyeji, C.M., Department of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, florin, Nigeria; Abayomi, Y.A., Department of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, florin, Nigeria; Aduloju, M.O., College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, Omuaran, Nigeria; Olofintoye, T.A.J., National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan, Nigeria	Vegetative and yield performance of Thevetia peruviana (Pers) Schum. were evaluated under soybean (Glycine max L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) cropping systems during the 2008 and 2009 rainy seasons at the Research Farm of the Biofuel Alternative and Renewable Energy Ltd, Edidi, Kwara State in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria. The treatment included sole T. peruviana, sole soybean, sole maize, T. peruvtana/soybean and T. peruvianalmaize cropping systems with T. peruviana plant population of 2,500 plants ha-1. The treatments were laid out in Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates. Two rows of maize at one plant/stand were planted in each plot assigned for T. peruviana/maize while four rows of maize were planted in each plot assigned for sole maize. Soybean at two plants/stand was planted in each plot assigned for T. peruvtana/soybean and sole soybean. Results obtained indicated that T. peruvtana/soybean cropping system improved the vegetative growth parameters of the two component crops while T. peruviana/maize cropping system reduced both the vegetative and the yield parameters of the test crop. However the widest stem width was observed under the control T. peruviana. The kernel size of T. peruviana was not significantly affected irrespective of the cropping systems. The kernel yield of T. peruviana under T. peruvtana/soybean cropping system increased although statistically similar with sole T. peruviana while the seed yield of soybean under T. peruvtana/soybean cropping system significantly increased when compared with the sole soybean. The complimentary use of growth resources such as nutrients, water and light in T. peruviana/soybean cropping system resulted into increase plant height, number of branches and the overall yield of the two component crops. Thus, it can be recommended that for higher yield and sustainability T. peruvtana/soybean cropping system is better adopted among the cropping systems. © 2014 Trop. Agric. (Trinidad).	Inter-cropping; Thevetia peruviana; Vegetative growth and Kernel yield	Glycine max; Nerium; Thevetia peruviana; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856119401	Towards an Understanding, Through Action Research, of the Socio-Organizational Issues Impacting on Mobile Technology Adoption and Diffusion Within a Small-to-Medium South African Construction Company	Abrahamse J., Lotriet H.	2012	Systemic Practice and Action Research	25	1	10.1007/s11213-011-9202-z	Department of Informatics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; School of Computing, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA, Pretoria 0003, South Africa	Abrahamse, J., Department of Informatics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Lotriet, H., School of Computing, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA, Pretoria 0003, South Africa	We investigated, through an action research approach, social issues that impact on mobile technology adoption and diffusion in a professional construction management team of a small-to-medium sized South African construction company. The outcome of the study resulted in a framework of thinking that integrates social factors at individual and organisational levels that impacted on the adoption of mobile technologies in the organisation. At the methodological level the study is part of a limited collection of papers that used AR in the study of technology adoption and diffusion and it presents an example of the capability of AR as a method to allow for the integration of the social contexts of users into adoption frameworks. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Action research; Adoption; Construction; Mobile technology; Socio-organisational issues; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956926852	Impact of telephonic psycho-social support on adherence to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) after rape	Abrahams N., Jewkes R., Lombard C., Mathews S., Campbell J., Meel B.	2010	AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV	22	10	10.1080/09540121003692185	Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7405, Cape Town, South Africa; Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa	Abrahams, N., Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7405, Cape Town, South Africa; Jewkes, R., Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Lombard, C., Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Mathews, S., Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7405, Cape Town, South Africa; Campbell, J., Johns Hopkins University, School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States; Meel, B., Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa	South Africa has one of the highest rates of both rape and HIV infections. Of great concern is the possibility of HIV transmission during the assault, but adherence to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) has been varied and low. We developed a telephonic psycho-social support, leaflet and adherence diary intervention for rape victims and tested its impact on adherence to PEP. A randomised control trial was conducted in the Western and Eastern Cape and 279 rape survivors were enrolled in two arms. The intervention involved the providing of an information leaflet including an adherence diary and follow-up support through telephone calls by a counsellor during the 28 days of taking the PEP. The controls received the leaflet. Follow-up interviews and tablet checks were done with 253 participants to assess adherence. The primary outcome was completion of 28 days of PEP with no more than three missed doses (94% adherence). There was more adherence in the intervention arm (38.2% vs. 31.9%), but the estimated intervention effect of 6.5% (95% CI: -4.6 to 17.6%) was not statistically significant, p=0.13. The intervention was associated with the reading of the pamphlet (p=0.07) and an increased use of the diary (p=0.01), but did not reduce depressive psychopathology. Overall adherence was greater amongst those who read the leaflet and used the medication diary. The study showed that the intervention was not effective in significantly improving adherence and adherence levels were low in both study arms. Further research to understand reasons for non-adherence is needed before further interventions are developed. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.	adherence; HIV transmission; post-exposure prophylaxis; sexual assault	lamivudine; lamivudine plus zidovudine; zidovudine; adolescent; adult; article; child; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; depression; female; follow up; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; intervention study; interview; major clinical study; outcome assessment; patient care; patient compliance; priority journal; prophylaxis; randomized controlled trial; rape; school child; social support; South Africa; survivor; telephone; virus transmission; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Child; Counseling; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Medication Adherence; Patient Education as Topic; Rape; Social Support; South Africa; Telephone; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955799757	Dynamic mechanical and perforation impact behavior of all-pp composites containing beta-nucleated random pp copolymer as matrix and stretched pp homopolymer tape as reinforcement: Effect of draw ratio of the tape	Abraham T.N., Wanjale S., Siengchin S., Karger-Kocsis J.	2011	Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials	24	3	10.1177/0892705710391402	Defence Laboratory, Ratanada Palace, Jodhpur, 342011, India; Polymer Science and Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pashan road, Pune 411008, India; Department of Production Engineering, Sirindhorn Intl. Thai Ger. Grad. Sch. of Eng. King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Abraham, T.N., Defence Laboratory, Ratanada Palace, Jodhpur, 342011, India; Wanjale, S., Polymer Science and Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pashan road, Pune 411008, India; Siengchin, S., Department of Production Engineering, Sirindhorn Intl. Thai Ger. Grad. Sch. of Eng. King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand; Karger-Kocsis, J., Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Cross-ply all-polypropylene (PP) composite laminates were prepared by hot consolidation after tape winding combined with film stacking. Alpha (α) PP tapes of different draw ratios (DR = 8 and 12), produced by online extrusion stretching, served as reinforcements. Beta (β)-nucleated random PP copolymer, introduced in the form of a film, composed the matrix. The E-modulus of the PP tapes increased whereas their density decreased with increasing DR. The volume fraction of the reinforcement and the void content were estimated using optical microscopic images. The all-PP composites were subjected to dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, flexural, and instrumented falling weight impact tests. It was found that with increasing draw ratio of the α-PP tapes, the stiffness, strength, and perforation resistance of the composites were improved. © The Author(s), 2010.	all-polypropylene composite; draw ratio.; dynamic mechanical thermal analysis; instrumented falling weight impact; polypropylene	all-polypropylene composite; Composite laminate; Cross-ply; draw ratio.; Dynamic mechanical; dynamic mechanical thermal analysis; E-modulus; Falling weight impact; Film-stacking; Homopolymers; Impact behavior; matrix; Microscopic image; Online extrusion; Tape winding; Void contents; Copolymerization; Copolymers; Dynamic mechanical analysis; Dynamics; Laminates; Plastic products; Reinforcement; Thermoanalysis; Thermoplastics; Polymer matrix composites	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350271441	Milk yield and reproductive performance of dairy cattle under smallholder management system in North-eastern Amhara Region, Ethiopia	Abraha S., Belihu K., Bekana M., Lobago F.	2009	Tropical Animal Health and Production	41	7	10.1007/s11250-009-9352-5	Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Abraha, S., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Belihu, K., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Bekana, M., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Lobago, F., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	This study was conducted in South Wollo Zone of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, to assess the milk yield and reproductive performance of indigenous and crossbred cattle under smallholder management conditions. Questionnaire survey was used to collect retrospective data on the performance of dairy cattle in 186 households. Thirty two postpartum cows (16 indigenous and 16 crossbred) were selected purposively and monitored for five months and milk samples were collected twice per week from each cow to determine postpartum ovarian activity using ELISA techniques. Daily milk yields at all stages of lactation were significantly (P &lt; 0.01) higher in crossbred than indigenous cows. Crossbred cows had significantly (P &lt; 0.01) longer lactation length and shorter age at first calving, while calving interval was significantly shorter in cows that gave previous calves during the wet season than the dry season. Only six cows (18.8%) showed heat signs on an average of 136 days postpartum of which one was a crossbred and five were indigenous. While, 11 cows (34.3%) resumed ovarian activity until 150 th day postpartum among which three were crossbred and eight were indigenous. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V 2009.	Dairy cattle; Ethiopia; Milk yield; Reproductive performance; Smallholder	progesterone; animal; animal husbandry; article; cattle; chemistry; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; Ethiopia; female; fertility; genetics; lactation; methodology; milk; physiology; questionnaire; reproduction; socioeconomics; statistics; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Cattle; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Ethiopia; Female; Fertility; Lactation; Milk; Progesterone; Questionnaires; Reproduction; Socioeconomic Factors; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905911793	Findings from the SASA! Study: A cluster randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of a community mobilization intervention to prevent violence against women and reduce HIV risk in Kampala, Uganda	Abramsky T., Devries K., Kiss L., Nakuti J., Kyegombe N., Starmann E., Cundill B., Francisco L., Kaye D., Musuya T., Michau L., Watts C.	2014	BMC Medicine	12	1	10.1186/s12916-014-0122-5	Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Raising Voices, 16 Tufnell Drive, Kamwokya, Kampala, Uganda; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Centre for Domestic Violence Prevention, 16 Tufnell Drive, Kamwokya, Kampala, Uganda	Abramsky, T., Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Devries, K., Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Kiss, L., Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Nakuti, J., Raising Voices, 16 Tufnell Drive, Kamwokya, Kampala, Uganda; Kyegombe, N., Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Starmann, E., Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Cundill, B., Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Francisco, L., Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, United States; Kaye, D., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Musuya, T., Centre for Domestic Violence Prevention, 16 Tufnell Drive, Kamwokya, Kampala, Uganda; Michau, L., Raising Voices, 16 Tufnell Drive, Kamwokya, Kampala, Uganda; Watts, C., Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom	Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV are important and interconnected public health concerns. While it is recognized that they share common social drivers, there is limited evidence surrounding the potential of community interventions to reduce violence and HIV risk at the community level. The SASA! study assessed the community-level impact of SASA!, a community mobilization intervention to prevent violence and reduce HIV-risk behaviors. Methods: From 2007 to 2012 a pair-matched cluster randomized controlled trial (CRT) was conducted in eight communities (four intervention and four control) in Kampala, Uganda. Cross-sectional surveys of a random sample of community members, 18- to 49-years old, were undertaken at baseline (n = 1,583) and four years post intervention implementation (n = 2,532). Six violence and HIV-related primary outcomes were defined a priori. An adjusted cluster-level intention-to-treat analysis compared outcomes in intervention and control communities at follow-up.Results: The intervention was associated with significantly lower social acceptance of IPV among women (adjusted risk ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38 to 0.79) and lower acceptance among men (0.13, 95% CI 0.01 to 1.15); significantly greater acceptance that a woman can refuse sex among women (1.28, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.52) and men (1.31, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.70); 52% lower past year experience of physical IPV among women (0.48, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.39); and lower levels of past year experience of sexual IPV (0.76, 95% CI 0.33 to 1.72). Women experiencing violence in intervention communities were more likely to receive supportive community responses. Reported past year sexual concurrency by men was significantly lower in intervention compared to control communities (0.57, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.91). Conclusions: This is the first CRT in sub-Saharan Africa to assess the community impact of a mobilization program on the social acceptability of IPV, the past year prevalence of IPV and levels of sexual concurrency. SASA! achieved important community impacts, and is now being delivered in control communities and replicated in 15 countries.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT00790959,. Study protocol available at http://www.trialsjournal.com/content/13/1/96. © 2014 Abramsky et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Community mobilization; East Africa; Gender based violence; HIV; Impact evaluation; Intimate partner violence; Uganda; Violence prevention	adult; Article; community care; concurrent sexual partnership; controlled study; cross-sectional study; female; follow up; health care survey; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection risk; intention to treat analysis; intervention study; male; outcome assessment; partner violence; random sample; randomized controlled trial; risk reduction; sexual behavior; sexual violence; social acceptance; Uganda; adolescent; cluster analysis; community care; HIV Infections; middle aged; partner violence; prevention and control; risk factor; statistics and numerical data; treatment outcome; Adolescent; Adult; Cluster Analysis; Community Health Services; Community Networks; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Spouse Abuse; Treatment Outcome; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934755299	Improved performance of cobas ampliprep/cobas taqman version 2.0 assay over amplicor monitor version 1.5 in the quantification of HIV-1 RNA viral load in Abuja, Nigeria	Abubakar A., Ndembi N., Ogbanufe O., Inalegwu A., Wilson S., Ebagua I., Peters S., Chime C., Dakum P., Abimiku A.G.	2015	Current HIV Research	13	4	None	Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Maina Court, 252 Herbert Macaulay Way Central Business, District Garki Abuja, Nigeria; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria; Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medici	Abubakar, A., Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Maina Court, 252 Herbert Macaulay Way Central Business, District Garki Abuja, Nigeria; Ndembi, N., Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Maina Court, 252 Herbert Macaulay Way Central Business, District Garki Abuja, Nigeria; Ogbanufe, O., US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria; Inalegwu, A., Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Maina Court, 252 Herbert Macaulay Way Central Business, District Garki Abuja, Nigeria; Wilson, S., Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Maina Court, 252 Herbert Macaulay Way Central Business, District Garki Abuja, Nigeria; Ebagua, I., Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Maina Court, 252 Herbert Macaulay Way Central Business, District Garki Abuja, Nigeria; Peters, S., Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Maina Court, 252 Herbert Macaulay Way Central Business, District Garki Abuja, Nigeria; Chime, C., Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Maina Court, 252 Herbert Macaulay Way Central Business, District Garki Abuja, Nigeria; Dakum, P., Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Maina Court, 252 Herbert Macaulay Way Central Business, District Garki Abuja, Nigeria; Abimiku, A.G., Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Maina Court, 252 Herbert Macaulay Way Central Business, District Garki Abuja, Nigeria, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 W. Lombard Street N446, Baltimore, MD, United States	Background: Improved viral detections by the real time PCR over the manual assays have been reported by various manufacturers. However, discrepancies and discordance between different platforms targeting the same pathogen have also been observed at different settings. Methods: We used an analytical study design to compare the performance of the Cobas Taqman /Cobas Ampliprep version 2.0 against the standard Amplicor Monitor 1.5 using 200 routine clinical samples, in Abuja-Nigeria. Results: Taqman and Amplicor detected 118/200 (59%) and 83/200 (41.5%) samples respectively. Two of 83 samples (2.4%) undetectable by Cobas Taqman, were detectable by Roche Amplicor, while 5 of 37 samples (13.5%) which were undetectable by Amplicor using Taqman. Among the 81 detectable samples by both assays 4 samples (4.9%) had a log10 difference > 0.5 log copies, while 9 samples (11.1%) showed a wider discrepancy of >1 log10. Bland and Altman’s comparison shows no significant difference between the two methods (p=0.2825) and CI-0.06171 to 0.2087. Conclusion: We observed a remarkable improvement in the performance of COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan version 2.0 Assay over Amplicor Monitor version 1.5 in the quantification of HIV1 RNA viral load. Discrepancies of clinical significance, in the viral load between the two platforms were also recorded. The implications of the inability of the automated Taqman 2.0 to detect 2.4% of samples detectable by the Amplicor need to be considered by programs, clinicians and the manufacturers. Periodic evaluation of platforms to detect new circulating HIV subtypes within each locality is also recommended. © 2015 Bentham Science Publishers.	HIV-1 RNA; Improved performance; Quantification; Viral load	adult; Article; clinical article; COBAS AmpliPrep; COBAS TaqMan; female; health program; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; limit of quantitation; male; molecular diagnostics; molecular phylogeny; performance; real time polymerase chain reaction; regression analysis; sequence analysis; virus load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883733820	The performance of children prenatally exposed to HIV on the A-not-B task in Kilifi, Kenya: A preliminary study	Abubakar A., Holding P., Van Baar A., Newton C.R.J.C., Van de Vijver F.J.R., Espy K.A.	2013	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health	10	9	10.3390/ijerph10094132	Neuroassessment, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Box 230, Kilifi 80108, Kenya; Department of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, Tilburg 5000 LE, Netherlands; Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80125, Utrecht 3508 TC, Netherlands; International Centre for Behavioral Studies, P.O. Box 34307, Mombasa 80118, Kenya; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom; Department of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, Tilburg 5000 LE, Netherlands; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States	Abubakar, A., Neuroassessment, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Box 230, Kilifi 80108, Kenya, Department of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, Tilburg 5000 LE, Netherlands, Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80125, Utrecht 3508 TC, Netherlands; Holding, P., Neuroassessment, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Box 230, Kilifi 80108, Kenya, International Centre for Behavioral Studies, P.O. Box 34307, Mombasa 80118, Kenya; Van Baar, A., Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80125, Utrecht 3508 TC, Netherlands; Newton, C.R.J.C., Neuroassessment, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Box 230, Kilifi 80108, Kenya, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom; Van de Vijver, F.J.R., Department of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, Tilburg 5000 LE, Netherlands; Espy, K.A., Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States	The aim of the study was to investigate early executive functioning in young children from 6-35 months of age. The study involved 319 randomly selected children from the community, 17 HIV exposed but uninfected children and 31 HIV infected ARV-naive children. A variation of the A-not-B task was used. While there were no group differences in total correct, perseverative errors, nor maximum error run, a significant percentage of children were unable to complete the task as a consequence of the children becoming overtly distressed or refusing to continue. In a multivariate analysis we observed that the significant predictors of non-completion were HIV exposure (both infected and exposed) and being under 24 months of age. These patterns of results indicate that future work with a broader array of tasks need to look at the association of HIV and EF tasks and potential contribution of factors such as emotion regulation, persistence and motivation on performance on EF tasks. © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.	A-not-B task; Children; Executive functions; HIV; Kenya	child development; cognition; human immunodeficiency virus; infectious disease; multivariate analysis; vertical transmission; A not B task; article; body weight; child; clinical article; community; controlled study; cross-sectional study; education; executive function; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infant; Kenya; male; measurement error; prenatal exposure; preschool child; task performance; Coast Province; Kenya; Kilifi; Child, Preschool; Executive Function; Female; HIV; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Kenya; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Neuropsychological Tests; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959834645	Evaluation of the antitrypanosomal activity of Cucumis metuliferus pulp extract in rabbits	Abubakar A., Iliyasu B., Ojiegbu F.N., Igweh A.C., Shamaki B.U., Dung E.C., Domtur L.L., Okogun J.I., Gbodi T.A., Ogbadoyi E.O.	2011	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	5	11	None	Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, P. M. B. 1147, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria; Department of Traditional Medicine and Medicinal Plant Research, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Department	Abubakar, A., Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, P. M. B. 1147, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria; Iliyasu, B., Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, P. M. B. 1147, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria; Ojiegbu, F.N., Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, P. M. B. 1147, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria; Igweh, A.C., Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, P. M. B. 1147, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria; Shamaki, B.U., Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, P. M. B. 1147, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria; Dung, E.C., Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, P. M. B. 1147, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria; Domtur, L.L., Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, P. M. B. 1147, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria; Okogun, J.I., Department of Traditional Medicine and Medicinal Plant Research, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Gbodi, T.A., Department of Biochemistry, Ibrahim Badamosi Babaginda University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria; Ogbadoyi, E.O., Global Institute for Bioexploration, Federal University of Technology, Minna Department of Biochemistry, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	The antitrypanosomal efficacy of different doses of Cucumis metuliferus pulp extract was investigated in rabbits. Parasitaemia, Packed Cell Volume (PCV), percentage organ/body weight ratio and survival period were monitored. Treatment was by oral administration and it commenced at the establishment of infection that lasted between 1 to 3 weeks. Parasitaemia fluctuated and was kept low in all the treated groups. However, the results showed significant increase in both PCV and body weight (P<0.05) in rabbits treated at 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight. Treatment with 500 mg/kg body weight for 7 consecutive days gave the highest survival period of 47 days beyond 28 days for the untreated control group. Post mortem examination (following the termination of the study) generally revealed pale carcasses, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. However, treatment for three weeks with 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight alleviated hepatomegaly and splenomegaly significantly (P<0.05). Consequently, a more detailed investigation of the potentials of C. metuliferus for antitrypanosomiasis drug discovery is recommended to pave way for the development of drugs for the effective treatment of African trypanosomiasis. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Chemotherapy; Cucumis metuliferus; Trypanosoma brucei; Trypanosomiasis	antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal agent; Cucumis metuliferus extract; plant extract; samoricide; unclassified drug; African trypanosomiasis; anemia; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antiprotozoal activity; article; controlled study; cucumber; Cucumis metuliferus; dose response; drug dose comparison; drug efficacy; drug screening; hematocrit; hepatomegaly; male; nonhuman; parasitemia; phytochemistry; rabbit; relapse; splenomegaly; survival time; treatment duration; Cucumis metuliferus; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Trypanosoma brucei	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910072636	Impact of village savings and loans associations on the nutritional status of under-five children: A case study in the Sissala West District of Upper West Region	Abubakari A., Sadik B.B., Keisan Y.	2014	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	13	7	10.3923/pjn.2014.390.396	Department of Community Nutrition, University for Development Studies, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1883, Tamale, Ghana	Abubakari, A., Department of Community Nutrition, University for Development Studies, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1883, Tamale, Ghana; Sadik, B.B., Department of Community Nutrition, University for Development Studies, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1883, Tamale, Ghana; Keisan, Y., Department of Community Nutrition, University for Development Studies, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, P.O. Box 1883, Tamale, Ghana	This study examined the impact of Village Savings and Loans Associations introduced by PLAN Ghana in the Sissala West District on the nutritional status of under-five children in the area. The study was carried out in six randomly selected communities (Silbelle, Buoti, Kandia, Zini, Nimoro and Buo), within which this Savings Programme is in operation. The focus areas of the study were; how food is accessed in the study area, contribution of women to household nutrition, nutrition situation in the VSLA households since the inception of the programme, factors that affect nutritional status and also to ascertain the knowledge, beliefs and practices of beneficiary communities on food production, preparations and consumption. Data collected was both quantitative and qualitative and was obtained using semi-structured interview and anthropometry measurement. The result suggested that the institution of Village Savings and Loans Associations has resulted in better nutrition and health of children in the beneficiaries' households. It is recommended that the NGO (PLAN GHANA) should expand the coverage of the programme to more communities in the district. The recommendations also implored policy makers to design favourable policies on microfinance programmes in general. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2014.	Africa; Food insecurity; Health; Nutrition	adolescent; adult; anthropometric parameters; Article; female; food industry; food insecurity; food intake; food processing; Ghana; health economics; health program; human; information processing; male; malnutrition; nutritional status; questionnaire; sampling; semi structured interview	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880673961	Nutritional evaluation of different sources of nitrogen on digestible nutrient intake, nitrogen balance and production of rumen metabolites in growing Yankasa sheep	Abubakar M., Adegbola T.A., Abubakar M.M., Shehu Y., Ngele M.B., Kalla D.J.U.	2010	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	22	4	None	Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, School of The Environment and Society, Singleton Park SA2 8PP, Swansea University, United Kingdom	Abubakar, M., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria, Department of Biological Sciences, School of The Environment and Society, Singleton Park SA2 8PP, Swansea University, United Kingdom; Adegbola, T.A., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Abubakar, M.M., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Shehu, Y., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Ngele, M.B., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Kalla, D.J.U., Animal Production Program, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria	A study was conducted to evaluate digestible nutrient intake, nitrogen balance and rumen metabolites in twenty growing Yankasa rams fed urea and /or sundried broiler litter (SDBL) as a partial or complete replacement for cotton seed cake (CSC) in diets for 90 days. The diets were: 1(CSC; control), 2(urea), 3(urea/SDBL), 4(CSC/urea) and 5(CSC/SDBL). The results indicated difference (P<0.05) in DM intake across diets, with animals fed CSC, urea and CSC/urea having the highest values (543.1, 523.4 and 483.6 g/day respectively), while those fed urea/SDBL and CSC/SDBL ((459.5 and 424.3g/day respectively) had the lowest feed intake. Mean digestible CP intake differed (P<0.001)across the diets and the values were higher for rams fed CSC and urea (75.7 and 72.7g/day) and lowest for those on CSC/SDBL (49.0g/day). However, mean digestible ADF intake was similar among the diets. A positive nitrogen balance was observed for all animals across the treatments, with significant (P<0.05) differences between treatments ranging from 4.3g/day for rams fed CSC/SDBL to 7.5g/day for those on urea. pH decreased with time after feeding. At 3 hrs post feeding, pH was highest (P<0.01) for rams fed CSC/SDBL and CSC/urea (6.9) and lowest for those on urea alone (6.1) and CSC (6.2). There was a gradual increase in the concentrations of both rumen ammonia-N (RAN) and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) after feeding. Rams fed urea and urea/SDBL (37.5 and 34.2mg/100ml respectively) had the highest (P<0.001) RAN concentration 3 hrs after feeding, while those on the other diets recorded the lowest. On the other hand, rams fed CSC/SDBL (13.1mmol/100ml) had the highest (P<0.001) VFA concentrations while those on urea the lowest (10.5mmol/100ml). It was concluded from this study that diets containing urea and CSC/urea fed to Yankasa sheep gave results comparable to those fed cotton seed cake (control), which are better than for those fed sundried broiler litterbased diets in terms of digestible nutrients intake, positive nitrogen balance and production of adequate rumen ammonia-N. However, rams fed CSC/SDBL had a better concentration of total volatile fatty acids of rumen fluid after feeding.	Nitrogen balance; Nitrogen sources; Nutrient intake; Rumen metabolites; Yankasa sheep	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646674295	Effects of dietary replacement of maize with malted or unmalted sorghum on the performance of weaner rabbits	Abubakar M., Doma U.D., Kalla D.J.U., Ngele M.B., Augustine C.L.D.	2006	Livestock Research for Rural Development	18	5	None	Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; VeterinaryHospital, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	Abubakar, M., Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Doma, U.D., Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Kalla, D.J.U., Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Ngele, M.B., Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Augustine, C.L.D., VeterinaryHospital, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	A feeding trial was conducted using twenty-one, 8 to 9 weeks old weaner rabbits allotted to three groups of seven animals each in a completely randomized design. The study which lasted for six weeks was undertaken to investigate the effects of dietary replacement of maize as a source of energy with malted or un-malted sorghum on the performance of the animals. The rabbits fed malted sorghum based diet had a similar dry matter intake to those on the maize based diet, but significantly higher than those on the unmalted sorghum based diet. All the animals gained weight, at rates similar across the treatments, indicating that the intake of energy and proteins were well above maintenance requirements. The best feed efficiency was recorded for rabbits fed on the malted sorghum based diet. The financial analysis revealed that feed cost per kg body weight gain was lowest for animals on the malted and unmalted sorghum based diets. It is concluded that malted or unmalted sorghum could effectively replace maize as a source of energy in diets for weaner rabbits without any adverse effects on performance and with reduced cost of feed per kg body weight gain.	Maize; Performance; Rabbits; Sorghum	Animalia; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84957850134	Stability of silicon carbide particle detector performance at elevated temperatures	Abubakar Y.M., Lohstroh A., Sellin P.J.	2015	IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science	62	5	10.1109/TNS.2015.2475421	Department of Physics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Physics, South East Physics Network (SEPnet), University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom	Abubakar, Y.M., Department of Physics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Department of Physics, South East Physics Network (SEPnet), University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Lohstroh, A., Department of Physics, South East Physics Network (SEPnet), University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Sellin, P.J., Department of Physics, South East Physics Network (SEPnet), University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom	The alpha spectroscopy performance and electric current stability of 4H-silicon carbide Schottky devices with 50μm epitaxial layer was examined at temperatures between 300 to 500 K at 50 K intervals. An activation energy of 5.98 ± 0.64meV was extracted from temperature dependent resistivity measurements. The Schottky barrier height decreases from 1.33 eV at 300 K to 1.11 eV at 500 K and the ideality factor increases from 1.17 at 300 K to 1.79 at 500 K. The reverse bias leakage currents stabilizes faster at higher temperatures. The charge collection efficiency is above 90% for temperatures up to 500 K. Pulse height spectra collected for 24 hours at constant voltage and temperature show improvements with time within the first 8 hours and remained stable for the remainder of the acquisition time. The peak width of the alpha spectra reduces significantly with increasing temperature at applied bias voltages below 50 V, which indicates that leakage currents are not the limiting factor in those conditions even at 500 K in our set up. So far, the devices indicate reasonable stability for extended periods of operation and highlight possible applications in harsh radiation media. © 1963-2012 IEEE.	Epitaxial semiconductors; harsh radiation media; ideality factor; noise; noise; Schottky barrier height; silicon carbide; stability	Activation energy; Leakage currents; Schottky barrier diodes; Silicon carbide; Applied bias voltage; Charge collection efficiency; Increasing temperatures; Pulse height spectrum; Reverse bias leakage current; Schottky barrier heights; Silicon carbide particles; Temperature-dependent resistivity; Bias voltage	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941312733	Ion imprinted polymer based electrochemical sensor for environmental monitoring of copper(II)	Abu-Dalo M.A., Salam A.A., Nassory N.S.	2015	International Journal of Electrochemical Science	10	8	None	Jordan University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, Jordan; Institute of Continuing Education, Bayero University Kano, P.M.B 3011, Kano, Nigeria	Abu-Dalo, M.A., Jordan University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, Jordan; Salam, A.A., Institute of Continuing Education, Bayero University Kano, P.M.B 3011, Kano, Nigeria; Nassory, N.S., Jordan University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, Jordan	Plasticized membranes using copper-carboxybenzotriazole have been prepared and explored as Cu2+-selective electrochemical sensors. Effects of three different plasticizers: bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate (BEHS), dibutylphthalate (DBP) and Dioctylphthalate (DOP) were studied, optimized and evaluated. Optimum performance was observed with membrane having the following composition: PVC (61%): DBP (35%): IIP (4%). The optimized membrane was used for construction of liquid electrochemical sensor. The sensor was found to work satisfactorily in the concentration range between 1.0×10-1-1.0×10-5M with a Nerstian slope value of about 28.1mV/decade. Wide pH range (3-8), fast response time (22s) and long lifetime (~ 2 months) indicate the potential of the proposed sensors in the determination of copper II ions in synthetic and wastewater samples with excellent recoveries (94%- 109%). Potentiometric selectivity coefficient values were determined by separate solution method (SSM), and good selectivity for Cu2+ over most interfering ions was achieved. © 2015 The Authors.	Copper-carboxybenzotriazole; Electrochemical sensor; Environmental monitoring; Ion imprinted polymer	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84055217113	Monitoring directors' remuneration, fat cat packages and perks of office	Abugu J.E.O.	2011	Journal of Financial Crime	19	1	10.1108/13590791211190696	Department of Commercial and Industrial Law, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	Abugu, J.E.O., Department of Commercial and Industrial Law, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	Purpose - This paper revisits existing regulatory approaches in tackling the practices of bogus and extravagant company directors' remuneration packages, often called "fat cat packages" which erode company capital and dividend return to shareholders. It explores the efficacy of existing rules, pointing out their inadequacy and ineffectiveness. It emphasizes the need to hold directors accountable to shareholders for remuneration received. The object is to proffer a more comprehensive and effective regulatory regime for directors' remuneration packages. Design/methodology/approach - The paper is analytical, reviewing several literature and case law on the subject. It adopts a comparative approach drawly primarily from the Nigerian Companies and Allied Matters Act 2004 which is compared in critical areas with the provisions of the English Companies Act 1985 and 2006. Findings - The analysis concludes that existing rules monitoring directors' remunerations packages are ineffective. The rules do not address directors' pecks, expenses and other perquisites of office. Often these pecks are more valuable to the director than the actual remuneration package and they constitute a veritable avenue for dissipating company capital. The articles also finds that audit committees and their members are presently not subjected to any liability rules for their role as financial gate keepers verifying the performance of the accounting and audit functions. Practical implications - The article points out that until regulations are formulated to regulate or cap directors' pecks and expenses, there exists ample room for fraudulent dissipation of company resources resulting in blotted costs of administration and reduced rewards for shareholders. It also advocates the need to subject audit committees to a higher regime of liability in public companies. Originality/value - The paper draws the attention of scholars, law reformers and law enforcement agencies to the inadequacies of the rules regulating directors' remuneration packages and suggests additional rules. It will certainly incite further scholarly discussion and challenge law reformers to address the issues raised in several jurisdictions.	Companies Act (UK); Directors; Directors' perks and expenses; Fat cat packages; Legislation,Regulation,Directors' remuneration packages; Nigeria; Nigerian Companies and Allied Matters Act; Remuneration	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863985000	Quality evaluation of stiff porridges prepared from Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) starch blends	Abu J.O., Enyinnaya C.C., James S., Okeleke E.	2012	Journal of Food Science and Technology	49	3	10.1007/s13197-011-0287-2	Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	Abu, J.O., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Nigeria; Enyinnaya, C.C., Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; James, S., Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Okeleke, E., Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	Quality attributes of stiff porridges prepared from Irish potato and pigeon pea starch blends were studied. Starches were extracted from Irish potato and pigeon pea using a wet extraction method. Various ratios of the starches were mixed and analyzed for chemical, functional and pasting properties. The starch blends were then prepared into stiff porridges for sensory evaluation using a 20-man sensory panel. Substitution of Irish potato starch with pigeon pea starch led to increases in protein (0.15 to 1.2%), fat (0.26 to 0.56%) and ash (0.30 to 0.69%) while the amylose content of the starch blends decreased (from 23.8 to 18.4%) respectively. Functional properties such as bulk density (0.75 to 0.60 g/cm 3), water absorption capacity (3.1 to 2.6 g water/ g sample) and dispersibility (58.6 to 42.7%) decreased significantly (P&lt;0.05) at the highest concentration (50%) of pigeon pea starch respectively. Pasting properties such as peak, breakdown, final and setback viscosities increased with increasing levels of pigeon pea starch while peak time and pasting temperature decreased. The sensory attributes of stiff porridges were not adversely affected by pigeon pea starch inclusion. Therefore it should be possible to incorporate up to 50% of low digestible pigeon pea starch into Irish potato starch from legumes such as pigeon pea as alternatives to cassava starch in the preparation of stiff porridges. Such porridges made from Irish potato and legume starches could provide additional incentive for individuals requiring decreased and or slow starch digestibility such as diabetics. © Association of Food Scientists &amp; Technologists (India) 2011.	Chemical; Functional; Pasting and sensory properties; Pigeon pea; Potato; Starch; Stiff porridge	Functional; Pigeon pea; Potato; Sensory properties; Stiff porridge; Chemical analysis; Chemicals; Starch; Cajanus cajan; Manihot esculenta; Solanum tuberosum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247123989	Rangeland evaluation in the middle Awash valley of Ethiopia: I. Herbaceous vegetation cover	Abule E., Snyman H.A., Smit G.N.	2007	Journal of Arid Environments	70	2	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.12.008	Adami Tulu Research Center, P. O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Abule, E., Adami Tulu Research Center, P. O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Snyman, H.A., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Smit, G.N., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	The objective of this study was to determine the condition and grazing capacity of commonly grazed rangeland of pastoralists living in the Kereyu-Fantale and Awash-Fantale districts of Ethiopia. In each of the districts, data on grass species composition, basal cover, bare ground, soil erosion and dry matter (DM) yield were collected. The most dominant grass species in the study districts was Chrysopogon plumulosus, followed by different species of Sporobolus. The percentage bare ground varied from 0.3% to 10.8%, with a mean value of 5.3%. The basal cover in both districts was low, averaging 3.4%. The DM yield of the grass ranged between 168.5 and 832 kg ha-1. The grazing capacity varied from as low as 54.1 to as high as 7.1 ha LSU-1. The general conclusion that can be made is that the condition of the rangeland in the Middle Awash Valley of Ethiopia is poor, requiring careful and participatory management. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Basal cover; Grass DM yield; Grass species composition; Grazing capacity; Percentage bare ground; Rangeland condition	bare soil; community composition; dry matter; environmental assessment; environmental conditions; grass; grazing pressure; rangeland; soil erosion; valley; vegetation cover; Africa; Awash Valley; East Africa; Ethiopia; Fantale; Sub-Saharan Africa; Chrysopogon plumulosus; Sporobolus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34147118966	Rangeland evaluation in the Middle Awash valley of Ethiopia: III. Relationships among soil and vegetation variables	Abule E., Snyman H.A., Smit G.N.	2007	Journal of Arid Environments	70	2	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.01.006	Adami Tulu Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Abule, E., Adami Tulu Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Snyman, H.A., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Smit, G.N., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Two neighboring districts inhabited by pastoralists of different ethnic groups in the Middle Awash valley of Ethiopia were studied to make a preliminary investigation of the soil nutrient status and identifying the environmental factors most critical to grass production. Data were collected on soil nutrient status, grass yield (dry matter), percentage bare and covered ground, estimated soil erosion, evapotranspiration tree equivalent (ETTE), and altitude. Sites with saline soil showed high electrical conductance and high pH and low total nitrogen and organic carbon. The results of the correlation matrix and the stepwise multiple regression indicated that grass yield was affected by ETTE ha-1, percentage of bare and covered ground, C:N ratio, pH and available K. Future studies need to include stocking rate as one parameter to determine better relationships among the measured parameters more accurately. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Evapotranspiration tree equivalent; Grass biomass; Organic carbon; Salinity; Soil nutrient status; Total nitrogen	biomass; grass; organic carbon; pH; rangeland; salinity; soil nitrogen; soil nutrient; valley; vegetation dynamics; Africa; Awash Valley; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34147158367	Rangeland evaluation in the middle Awash valley of Ethiopia: II. Woody vegetation	Abule E., Snyman H.A., Smit G.N.	2007	Journal of Arid Environments	70	2	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.01.007	Adami Tulu Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Abule, E., Adami Tulu Research Center, P.O. Box 35, Zeway, Ethiopia; Snyman, H.A., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Smit, G.N., Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Although a few studies have reported an increase of woody plants in the rangelands of Ethiopia during the last few decades, most studies related to the importance of tree canopies have been conducted in lightly grazed areas that have suffered little disturbance. The woody vegetation composition, density, evapotranspiration tree equivalent (ETTE), browse production, browsing capacity and bush encroachment were therefore studied in a part of the Middle Awash Valley of Ethiopia with the objective of determining the condition and contribution of woody vegetation as a source of feed to animals. Accordingly, 7 and 8 rangeland sites in Kereyu-Fantale and Awash-Fantale districts, respectively, were identified. The data collected was analyzed using the Biomass Estimates from Canopy Volume model. The dominant sources of browse and the encroacher woody plants in the study districts were species of Acacia (A. senegal and A. nubica). In both districts, the browse production ranged from as low as 194-3 311 kg ha-1, with most of the leaf dry mass found above the height of 1.5 m. Some of the possible factors contributing to bush encroachment in the study area are heavy grazing pressure, expansion of cultivation and reduced mobility of animals due to many factors. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Browse production; Bush encroachment; Density; Evapotranspiration tree equivalent; Woody species composition	browsing; community composition; population density; rangeland; shrub; valley; woody plant; Africa; Awash Valley; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Acacia; Acacia nubica; Acacia senegal; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891818187	Major causes of organ condemnation for cattle and its financial impact at Wolaita Soddo municipality abattoir, southern Ethiopia	Abunna F., Hordofa D.	2013	Global Veterinaria	11	6	10.5829/idosi.gv.2013.11.6.8142	Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Departement of Clinical Studies, P.O. Box, 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia; Hawassa University, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box, 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Abunna, F., Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Departement of Clinical Studies, P.O. Box, 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia; Hordofa, D., Hawassa University, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box, 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Abattoirs provide information on the epidemiology of the diseases in livestock, in order to know the extent of the exposure of the public to certain zoonotic diseases and to estimate the financial losses incurred through condemnation of affected organs. Tracing the records of the slaughter houses from November 2010 to February 2011 was done at Wolaita Soddo Municipal abattoir to determine the causes of organ condemnation and associated financial loss. Out of 953 cattle examined 378 (39.68%) livers, 244 (25.61%) lungs, 39 (4.09%) hearts, 30 (3.15%) kidneys and 14 (1.47%) spleens were condemned. The major causes of condemnation were fasciolosis (61.1%) and hydatidosis (12.17%) for liver; hydatid diseases (62.3%) and emphysema (8.61%) for lungs; unknown causes (33.33%), pericarditis (23.08%) and hydatid cyst (23.08%) for heart; unknown causes (26.67%) and calcification (23.33%) for kidneys and hydatidosis (64.29%) for spleen. Rate of condemnations due to parasitic causes was higher in the liver (29.07%) than in the lungs (15.95%). Parasitic diseases particularly fasciolosis and hydatidosis were the major causes of economic loss through condemnation of affected organs. The total annual economic loss incurred due to organs condemnation at the study area was estimated to be 24,340 ETB (24323.49 USD). The current result suggests that a thorough investigation that leads to disease control strategy is required to reduce the economic and public health consequences. © IDOSI Publications, 2013.	Abattoir; Cattle; Ethiopia; Organ condemnation; Wolaita soddo	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951216022	Bovine fasciolosis: Coprological, abattoir survey and its economic impact due to liver condemnation at Soddo municipal abattoir, Southern Ethiopia	Abunna F., Asfaw L., Megersa B., Regassa A.	2010	Tropical Animal Health and Production	42	2	10.1007/s11250-009-9419-3	Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Abunna, F., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Asfaw, L., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Megersa, B., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Regassa, A., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	A study was carried out to determine the prevalence and the species of liver flukes in indigenous adult cattle, to compare the diagnostic efficiency of fecal and post mortem examination and to assess the economic significance of bovine fasciolosis due to liver condemnation in the abattoir. Of the 406 livers and fecal samples examined, 57 (14.0%) and 20 (4.9%) were positive for fasciolosis. The most common liver fluke species affecting the cattle was Fasciola gigantica, 9.1% of cattle were infected with F. gigantica while, Fasciola. hepatica, mixed infections and unidentified or immature forms of Fasciola spp. were present in 3.2 %, 0.7% and 1 % of cattle, respectively. A retrospective abattoir survey revealed that the prevalence of fasciolosis was 12.7%. The prevalence of fasciolosis recorded in this study was lower than that reported by other researchers in this country. There was a strong relationship between fecal examination and postmortem findings of liver lesions, (K = 0.23) but under local conditions, postmortem examination was considered a better diagnostic tool for fasciolosis. Fasciolosis is of significant economic importance as the resultant liver condemnations caused an average loss of 4000 USD per annum. Hence, this disease deserves serious attention by the various stakeholders in order to promote the beef industry in the study area in particular and in the country in general. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.	Abattoir; Bovine; Coprology; Ethiopia; Fasciolosis; Soddo	Bos; Bovinae; Fasciola; Fasciola gigantica; Fasciola hepatica; Hepatica; animal; animal disease; article; cattle; cattle disease; cross-sectional study; economics; Ethiopia; Fasciola; fascioliasis; feces; isolation and purification; male; parasite identification; parasitology; prevalence; retrospective study; sensitivity and specificity; slaughterhouse; Abattoirs; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Fasciola; Fascioliasis; Feces; Male; Parasite Egg Count; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884598352	Impact of expanded antiretroviral use on incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis in children with HIV in Kenya	Abuogi L.L., Mwachari C., Leslie H.H., Shade S.B., Otieno J., Yienya N., Sanguli L., Amukoye E., Cohen C.R.	2013	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	17	10	10.5588/ijtld.12.0740	Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 50 Beale Street, Suite 1200, San Francisco, CA 94105, United States; Family AIDS Careand Education Services, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Respiratory Disease Research, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; New Nyanza Provincial General Hospital, Kenya Ministry of Medical Services, Kisumu, Kenya; Department of Obstetrics, University of California, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, San Francisco, CA, United States	Abuogi, L.L., Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 50 Beale Street, Suite 1200, San Francisco, CA 94105, United States, Family AIDS Careand Education Services, Nairobi, Kenya; Mwachari, C., Family AIDS Careand Education Services, Nairobi, Kenya, Centre for Respiratory Disease Research, Nairobi, Kenya; Leslie, H.H., Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Shade, S.B., Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Otieno, J., New Nyanza Provincial General Hospital, Kenya Ministry of Medical Services, Kisumu, Kenya; Yienya, N., Family AIDS Careand Education Services, Nairobi, Kenya; Sanguli, L., Family AIDS Careand Education Services, Nairobi, Kenya, Centre for Respiratory Disease Research, Nairobi, Kenya; Amukoye, E., Centre for Respiratory Disease Research, Nairobi, Kenya; Cohen, C.R., Family AIDS Careand Education Services, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Obstetrics, University of California, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, San Francisco, CA, United States	SETTING: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children. Recent ART recommendations have increased the number of children on ART. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and incidence of TB in HIV-infected children after the implementation of expanded ART guidelines. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study including HIVinfected children aged 6 weeks to 14 years was conducted in Kenya. The primary outcome measure was clinically diagnosed TB. Study participants were screened for prevalent TB at enrollment using Kenya's national guidelines and followed at monthly intervals to detect incident TB. Predictors of TB were assessed using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: Of 689 participants (median age 6.4 years), 509 (73.9%) were on ART at baseline. There were 51 cases of prevalent TB (7.4%) and 10 incident cases, with over 720.3 child-years of observation (incidence 1.4 per 100 child-years). Months on ART (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.91, P = 0.003; aOR 0.91, P < 0.001) and months in care before ART (aHR 0.87, P = 0.001; aOR 0.92, P < 0.001) were protective against incident and prevalent TB. CONCLUSIONS: ART was protective against TB in this cohort of HIV-infected children with high levels of ART use. Optimal TB prevention strategies should emphasize early ART in children. © 2013 The Union.	Epidemiology; Hiv-1; Pediatrics; Sub-saharan africa; Tuberculosis	antiretrovirus agent; isoniazid; pyrazinamide; rifampicin; adolescent; article; CD4+ T lymphocyte; child; cohort analysis; coughing; drug use; failure to thrive; female; fever; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; incidence; infant; infection prevention; infection risk; Kenya; lymphocyte count; major clinical study; male; outcome assessment; practice guideline; preschool child; prevalence; priority journal; prospective study; school child; thorax radiography; treatment duration; tuberculin test; tuberculosis; weight reduction; Adolescent; Anti-HIV Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Kenya; Logistic Models; Male; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prevalence; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Tuberculosis	5-R24-TW007988-03, FIC, Fogarty International Center; 5-P30-MH062246, NIH, National Institutes of Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879093166	Impact of technology and culture on home economics and nutrition science education in developing countries	Aburime M.O., Uhomoibhi J.O.	2010	Multicultural Education and Technology Journal	4	1	10.1108/17504971011034692	Department of Home Economics, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom	Aburime, M.O., Department of Home Economics, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; Uhomoibhi, J.O., University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine and report on the impact of technology and culture on home economics and nutrition science education in developing countries with a focus on Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach - Globally and most especially in developing countries, the advent of information and communication technologies has meant great changes in the manner of thinking and doing things both at home and in business, in education establishments and in society. For higher education institutions especially in developing countries, there has been the introduction of various types of information systems and the implementation of policies to facilitate the integration of new technologies in teaching and administration of new curricula. This paper examines some of these systems and the process of knowledge engineering management of nutrition science and home economics studies at the Delta State University in Nigeria. A study is undertaken of students’ level of technological attainments and study approaches. Findings - The present study reveals that special requirements for applications are important for successful establishment and use of information systems in higher education. Students need to have adequate expertise in technology to become active learners are reported. This will enhance their ability to solve problems and address system requirements. This must be identified at the knowledge engineering stages during curriculum development and be effectively managed. Research limitations/implications - The current investigation focuses on the impact of technology and culture on two subject areas and in one country. Future work intends to extend this to other disciplines and investigate ways of enhancing education provision to meet the diverse needs of learners of mixed technological abilities and from diverse cultures as applied to other comparative countries. Practical implications - The paper draws on results obtained from students studying approaches to propose that it is important to design and implement a curriculum that actively promotes the use of systems and technologies that develops such skills as teamwork, communications, project management and lifelong learning. Originality/value - This work investigates students present technology attainment levels and considers the different learning and studying approaches adopted by students involved in the study of home economic and nutrition science. The learners’ attitudes towards engagement with their programmes are examined as well as the impact of technology on learning. Some of the major challenges arising from institutional and individual experiences of the digital divide that permeates all people in developing countries are highlighted. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Communication technologies; Culture; Developing countries; Education; Nigeria; Nutrition	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53749102027	Impact of share capitalization on bank profitability in Nigeria	Aburime U.T., Uche C.U.	2008	European Journal of Scientific Research	19	3	None	Department of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria	Aburime, U.T., Department of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Uche, C.U., Department of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria	This paper is an empirical analysis of the impact of share capitalization on bank profitability in Nigeria. Analyzing data captured from 98 banks in 479 observations over the 1989-2004 period, results of the empirical estimations suggest that it was only during the 1989-1991 estimation period that share capital amount and status had significant effect on bank profitability in Nigeria. Therefore, upward regulations of the minimum quantum of bank share capital in Nigeria in 1997, 2000, 2001, and 2004, geared towards minimizing distress in the Nigerian banking industry, were inappropriate strategies. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2008.	Bank; Capital; Distress; Profitability; Regulation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888215295	Evaluating long-term impact of land use on selected soil physical quality indicators	Abu S.T.	2013	Soil Research	51	6	10.1071/SR12360	Department of Soil Science, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria	Abu, S.T., Department of Soil Science, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria	This paper presents findings of comparative evaluation of selected soil physical quality (SPQ) indicators, obtained from fields subjected to: >50 years of cultivation of three perennial pasture grasses (i) Digitaria smutsii (DS), (ii) Brachiaria decumbens (BD), and (iii) Andropogon gayanus (AG); (iv) >50 years of continuous cultivation (CC) of cereals-legumes; and (v) >20 years of natural fallow (NF). The study was aimed at identifying the land-use system having optimal values for SPQ. Fields under CC had the highest bulk density, and the lowest total porosity (PORt) and macroporosity (PORp), field capacity (FC), and available water capacity (AWC). Perennial pasture grasses fields had significantly higher organic carbon, PORt, FC, AWC, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, and, hence, had better SPQ than CC fields and, in some instances, NF fields. The usefulness of ratios FC/PORt≤0.66 and ACt/PORt≤0.34 as additional indicators for assessing soil response to land-use systems was not proven in this study, and therefore, further studies should be conducted on the subject matter. Pasture grasses improved SPQ values relative to continuous cereal-legume cropping and fallow. The SPQ under CC and NF fields might be best improved by applying organic matter. Journal compilation © CSIRO 2013.	Continuous cultivation; Natural fallow; Perennial pasture grasses; Soil physical quality indicators	Available water capacities; Comparative evaluations; Continuous cultivation; Natural fallow; Perennial pastures; Saturated hydraulic conductivity; Soil physical quality; Soil physical quality indicators; Land use; Soils; Cultivation; available water capacity; bulk density; cropping practice; cultivation; fallow; field capacity; hydraulic conductivity; land use; organic carbon; pasture; porosity; soil quality	None
WoS	WOS:000318778100001	An impact evaluation design for the Millennium Villages Project in Northern Ghana	Acharya, Arnab,Barnett, Chris,Dogbe, Tony,Masset, Edoardo	2013	JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS	5	2	10.1080/19439342.2013.790914	O.P. Jindal Global University, University of Sussex, ITAD, Participatory Dev Associates Ltd	"Acharya, Arnab: O.P. Jindal Global University","Masset, Edoardo: University of Sussex",	This article details the design of an impact evaluation of the Millennium Villages Project in Northern Ghana. The evaluation is particularly challenging because the intervention cannot be randomised; it is clustered in a group of homogeneous communities and likely to generate spill-over effects. We propose a difference-in-differences design selecting control communities based on a propensity score and collecting five rounds of yearly data. We address a number of evaluation questions in relation to testing the breaking of the poverty trap, assessing project externalities, the role of qualitative research, cost-effectiveness and project synergies, sustainability and scalability in the presence of scale economies.	"COST EFFECTIVENESS","DIFFERENCE IN DIFFERENCES","evaluation design","Millennium Villages Project","poverty trap",AFRICA,DYNAMICS,MODEL,"POVERTY TRAPS"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39749102765	Growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle fed different levels of macadamia oil cake	Acheampong-Boateng O., Mikasi M.S., Benyi K., Amey A.K.A.	2008	Tropical Animal Health and Production	40	3	10.1007/s11250-007-9076-3	Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Department of Statistics, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa	Acheampong-Boateng, O., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Mikasi, M.S., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Benyi, K., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Amey, A.K.A., Department of Statistics, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa	Eighteen cattle (six Bonsmara males, seven Simmanteler x Beefmaster males and five Simmanteler x Beefmaster females) were assigned to three diets containing 0% (Control), 10% and 20% Macadamia oil cake to evaluate the effects of different levels of Macadamia oilcake (MOC) on feed intake, growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. Differences in average feed intake were not significant (P>0.05). Average daily gains on the 0% and 20% MOC diets were not significantly different (P<0.05) but were significantly higher than the average gain on 10% MOC (P<0.05). The inclusion of 20% MOC increased feed conversion ratio significantly (P<0.05) compared with the other two treatments. The control group had significantly heavier warm carcasses than the 10% and 20% MOC groups and the 20% MOC group had significantly heavier carcasses than the 10% MOC group. The inclusion of MOC did not significantly affect the dressing percentage and conformation scores of the animals (P>0.05). There were no condemned livers, suggesting that either there were no toxic factors in the feed or, even if present, were probably inactive in the liver. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Carcass characteristics; Cattle; Growth performance; Macadamia oil cake	vegetable oil; animal; animal food; article; body composition; cattle; chemistry; dose response; drug effect; female; growth, development and aging; Macadamia; male; physiology; randomization; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Body Composition; Cattle; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Macadamia; Male; Plant Oils; Random Allocation; Weight Gain; Animalia; Bos; Macadamia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924617476	Medication safety activities of hospital pharmacists in Ghana; Challenges and perceived impact on patient care	Acheampong F., Bruce E., Anto B.P.	2015	International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine	27	1	10.3233/JRS-150638	Pharmacy Directorate, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Department of Clinical and Social Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Acheampong, F., Pharmacy Directorate, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Bruce, E., Pharmacy Directorate, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana; Anto, B.P., Department of Clinical and Social Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	BACKGROUND: Pharmacists by their training have the competences and skills to promote safe use of medicines which is an essential component of patient safety. This study explored the perceptions of hospital pharmacists' role in medication safety in Ghana, identified their attendant challenges and ways of enhancing such roles in the future. METHOD: A self-administered questionnaire was delivered to 200 pharmacists selected conveniently from the 10 regions of Ghana. Questions in the questionnaire were based on a systematic literature review that had catalogued and summarised all the activities of hospital pharmacists related to medication safety. RESULTS: A total of 176 (88% response rate) questionnaires were completed and returned. Almost all pharmacists (97.7%) believed that they were involved in medication safety activities in their daily routine. The frequently performed activities were counselling of out-patient (91.8%), training pharmacy and other clinical students (72.2%), reporting on medication errors (70%), and reconciling medications (69.2%). The mean weekly time spent on the activities ranged from 6.5 to 19.8 hours. Participants who had clinical pharmacy related additional qualifications (χ2 = 37.749; p = 0.049) and worked in tertiary care hospitals (χ2 = 26.6; p = 0.377) undertook more medication safety activities than those without. The cited challenges faced by participants included inadequate time available (62.7%), spending most time in managerial activities (47.3%), lack of formal structures of engagement (43.8%), lack of motivation by superiors (34.9%), and no formal schedule by supervisor (32%). Only 7.7% stated they lack interest in performing those activities. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists undertake many medication safety activities routinely that they perceive to have impact on patient care outcomes. Restructuring of their managerial roles will contribute to freeing time for pharmacists to engage more in those activities. © 2015 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.	error reporting; Ghana; hospital; patient safety; Pharmacist	Article; cross-sectional study; drug safety; female; Ghana; hospital pharmacy; human; male; medication error; motivation; outpatient; patient care; patient counseling; perception; pharmacist; questionnaire	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929606563	Impact of demographic factors on technological orientations of BOP entrepreneurs in Ghana	Acheampong G., Braimah M., Quaye D.M., Buame S.K.	2014	International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management	11	6	10.1142/S0219877014500370	University of Ghana, Business School, Legon, Ghana	Acheampong, G., University of Ghana, Business School, Legon, Ghana; Braimah, M., University of Ghana, Business School, Legon, Ghana; Quaye, D.M., University of Ghana, Business School, Legon, Ghana; Buame, S.K., University of Ghana, Business School, Legon, Ghana	The study explores relationship between technological orientations and demographics of bottom of the pyramid (BOP) entrepreneurs in Ghana. The study reviewed literature on the BOP concept. Based on the reviewed literature, hypotheses were developed for testing. Data was collected from 287 micro-entrepreneurs using a structured questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis. The study found some relationships between technology acceptance, connectivity to networks and entrepreneurial demographics. This provides the information necessary for information communications technology (ICT) and technology companies seeking to expand to these new markets as top of the pyramid markets saturate. © 2014 World Scientific Publishing Company.	BOP; Connectivity; Entrepreneurs; Ghana; Networks; Technology acceptance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349397520	Evaluation of wear severity in pipeline	Achebo J.I.	2009	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	4	1	None	Department of Production Engineering, University of Benin, Nigeria	Achebo, J.I., Department of Production Engineering, University of Benin, Nigeria	The severity of wear occurrence in a pipeline was evaluated by applying the particle mass loading equation, stoke number and determining the mass transfer coefficient. These parameters examine the particle-particle and particle-pipe wall interaction pattern. Various laboratory experimental tests were done to determine the effect of particles on pipe walls and a range of values for the particle mass loading and stokes number were determined. These values became the interpretation criteria for analyzing results and suggesting recommendations. However, from this research result, the particle mass loading of 0.82, stokes number of 1.20 and mass transfer coefficient of 6.06 W m-2 °C were obtained. These values show that there was strong evidence of particle-wall interaction, which could have caused wear. When the pipe under study was cut into sections and visual examination was carried out, it was observed that cutting wear actually occurred in the internal geometry of the pipe. The severity of the wear is attributed to the small diameter of the pipeline under study; the size, coupled with the agglomerated stones is believed to have allowed for close particle wall interaction. From the findings, pipes whose depth of cut is high enough to significantly affect their load bearing capacity should be changed and sizable particles should be removed from the flow system to avoid wear. © Medwell Journals, 2009.	Heat transfer coefficient; Mass transfer coefficient; Number; Particle mass loading; Pipeline; Stoke; Wear	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859116370	Evaluation of the antioxidant potentials of ten leafy vegetables extracts commonly consumed by the Ghanaian population	Achel D.G., Mills R., Otchere J., Seyram E., Achoribo E., Adu-Bobi N.A.-K., Donkor S., Boatin R., Adom T., Adaboro R.M., Gomda Y.	2012	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	11	2	None	Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana	Achel, D.G., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Mills, R., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Otchere, J., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Seyram, E., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Achoribo, E., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Adu-Bobi, N.A.-K., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Donkor, S., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Boatin, R., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Adom, T., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Adaboro, R.M., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana; Gomda, Y., Applied Radiation Biology centre, Reseach Scientist and Centre Manager Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana	Ten traditional leafy vegetables commonly consumed by Ghanaians have been evaluated for their antioxidant potential based on their polyphenolic and flavonoid contents. Among the plants studied the methanol extracts of Ocimum basilicum (akokobesa), and Amaranthus incurvatus (aleefo) exhibited the highest phenolic content of 16.4 mg GAE/g dw and 11.3mg dw GAE/g respectively. The highest phenolic content for water extracts were seen in Manihot esculenta (cassava; 9.29mg GAE/g dw) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (shuuré; 7.28mg GAE/g dw) and C esculanta (7.11 mg GAE/g dw). The methanol extracts of H. sabdariffa (Shuuré), Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaves), Manihot esculenta (cassava leaves) and Ocimum basilicum (akokobesa) recorded the highest flavonoid content (FC) of 99.14 μg QE/g dw, 70.20μg QE/g dw, 70.08μg QE/g dw and 63.37μg QE/g dw respectively. For the FC of the aqueous extracts the order was; A. incurvatus &gt; H. sabdariffa &gt; Talinum triangulare&gt; Colocasia esculenta &gt; M. esculenta &gt; V. amygdalina&gt; O. basilicum &gt; Solanum macrocarpon &gt; Launaea taraxacifolia &gt; Corchorus olitorius. A good positive correlation r 2= 0.663 was observed between polyphenolic content and antioxidant values for the aqueous extracts, however, no correlation was found between flavonoids, polyphenolics and total antioxidants. The study indicates that the leafy vegetables consumed by Ghanaians are potentially rich sources of dietary polyphenolic compounds and antioxidants, and might contribute important health and nutraceutical benefits to consumers.	Antioxidants; Free-radicals; Health benefits; Leafy vegetables; Phytochemicals	Amaranthus; Amaranthus hybridus; Colocasia esculenta; Corchorus olitorius; Gymnanthemum amygdalinum; Hibiscus sabdariffa; Launaea; Manihot esculenta; Ocimum; Ocimum basilicum; Solanum; Solanum macrocarpon; Talinum triangulare; Vernonia amygdalina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945410130	Diabetes: knowledge, psychosocial impact, and attitude of patients	Achigbu E.O., Oputa R.N., Achigbu K.I., Ahuche I.U.	2015	International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries	35	None	10.1007/s13410-015-0368-2	Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Achigbu, E.O., Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Oputa, R.N., Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Achigbu, K.I., Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Ahuche, I.U., Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	The scourge of diabetes has been increasing worldwide with a tendency to double, from 176 to 370 million people by 2030 according to WHO prediction. In Nigeria, only 20 % of the 3.2 million estimated to have diabetes are aware of it. Among those already diagnosed, about 50 % have poor glycaemic control attributable to poor diabetes self-management despite effective medication. Diabetes self-management in addition to medical therapy, lifestyle modification and education are key to the management of diabetes. This study aims to determine the knowledge, psychosocial impact and attitude of people with diabetes to diabetes with a view to make recommendations for a more encompassing patient-based management of diabetes. A cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire in the endocrinology clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, interviewed 104 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with diabetes who willingly consented to the study. One hundred and four patients with an equal male to female ratio were interviewed. The 41–60-year (78.8 %) age group and traders (66.3 %) constituted the greatest number. Majority (58.7 %) heard of diabetes prior to their diagnosis, but many (41.3 %) did not. This knowledge was significantly associated with occupation (0.022). Many (84.6 %) were willing to disclose diagnosis to family and friends as well as join a support group (61.5 %). But, the major reason for this inclination was wrong. Many never heard of diabetes prior to their diagnosis. In spite of being aware, a diagnosis of diabetes is associated with different emotional responses and attitudes including willingness to disclose their diagnosis and get support. Appropriate treatment based on current medical knowledge, self-management education and development of diabetic support groups is recommended. © 2015, Research Society for Study of Diabetes in India.	Attitude; Diabetes; Knowledge; Psychology	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946069888	Evaluation of Sodium Carboxymethyl Starch obtained from Ipomoea Batatas	Achor M., Oyeniyi J.Y., Gwarzo M.S., Zayyanu A.	2015	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science	5	10	10.7324/JAPS.2015.501022	Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria	Achor, M., Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Oyeniyi, J.Y., Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Gwarzo, M.S., Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Zayyanu, A., Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria	The study sought to evaluate the functional properties of sodium carboxymethyl starch obtained from Ipomoea batatas, in order to facilitate their exploitation as substitute excipients for the local pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. The sodium carboxymethyl starch was produced by reacting native starch with sodium hydroxide and sodium monochloroacetate in various proportions and reaction time at constant temperature. Subsequently, the starches were obtained by wet separation techniques. Physicochemical properties and proximate analysis were carried out in order to determine their suitability for pharmaceutical use. Differences in the physicochemical properties, proximate composition, and functional properties of sodium carboxymethyl starches and native Ipomoea batatas starch were significant. Optimum degree of substitution and reaction efficiency of 0.52 and 1.92% were achieved when sodium hydroxide and sodium monochloroacetate in a ratio 1.5 and 2.0 Mole per anhydrous glucose unite respectively in 6 hrs was used. Generally, the carboxymethyl starches had higher bulk density, tapped density, true density, hydration and swelling capacity as compared to the native starch. © 2015 Mohammed Achor et al.	Ipomoea batatas; Sodium carboxymethyl starch; Sodium monochloroacetate	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879040640	Intelligent performance assessment of students' laboratory work in a virtual electronic laboratory environment	Achumba I.E., Azzi D., Dunn V.L., Chukwudebe G.A.	2013	IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies	6	2	10.1109/TLT.2013.1	Electronic and Computer Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 3DJ, United Kingdom; Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, PMB	Achumba, I.E., Electronic and Computer Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 3DJ, United Kingdom; Azzi, D., Electronic and Computer Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 3DJ, United Kingdom; Dunn, V.L., Electronic and Computer Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Anglesea Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 3DJ, United Kingdom; Chukwudebe, G.A., Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, PMB 1526, Oweri, Imo State 460221, Nigeria	Laboratory work is critical in undergraduate engineering courses. It is used to integrate theory and practice. This demands that laboratory activities are synchronized with lectures to maximize their derivable learning outcomes, which are measurable through assessment. The typical high costs of the traditional engineering laboratory, which often militate against the synchronization of laboratory activities and lectures, have catalyzed the increased adoption of virtual laboratories in engineering laboratory education. The principles of assessment in the virtual learning environment are essentially the same as in the traditional learning environment, with the same requirements for fairness, reliability, and validity. This motivated the incorporation, in a Virtual Electronic Laboratory (VEL) environment, of a Bayesian network-based tool for the performance assessment of students' laboratory work in the environment. This paper details a description of the assessment tool, its verification, evaluation (as an assessment tool within the VEL environment), and application processes. © 2008-2011 IEEE.	Bayesian networks; laboratory work; performance assessment; sensitivity analysis; validation and reliability; virtual laboratory	Engineering laboratories; Laboratory environment; Laboratory work; Performance assessment; Traditional engineerings; Undergraduate engineering course; Virtual laboratories; Virtual learning environments; Bayesian networks; Computer aided instruction; Research laboratories; Sensitivity analysis; Distance education	None
WoS	WOS:000303523600010	Gender Impacts of Agricultural Liberalization: Evidence from Ghana	Ackah, Charles,BUSSOLO, M,DeHoyos, RE,Lay, Jann	2009	GENDER ASPECTS OF THE TRADE AND POVERTY NEXUS: A MACRO-MICRO APPROACH	None	None	None	University of Ghana, Kiel Inst World Econ	"Ackah, Charles: University of Ghana",	None	,EXPENDITURE,"MENS CROPS",PATTERNS,TRANSITION,"WOMENS CROPS"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865115654	Internal migration in Ghana: Determinants and welfare impacts	Ackah C., Medvedev D.	2012	International Journal of Social Economics	39	10	10.1108/03068291211253386	Institute of Statistical Social and Economic Research (ISSER), University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; World Bank Economic Policy Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean, The World Bank Group, Washington, DC, United States	Ackah, C., Institute of Statistical Social and Economic Research (ISSER), University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Medvedev, D., World Bank Economic Policy Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean, The World Bank Group, Washington, DC, United States	Purpose: Using a recently compiled dataset on migration and remittances in Ghana, the purpose of this paper is to estimate the determinants of an individual's likelihood to be an internal migrant and the relationship between internal migration and welfare. Design/methodology/approach: The paper uses treatment regression techniques to assess the characteristics of Ghanaian migrants, the determinants of migration, and its impact on household welfare. Findings: The paper finds that the likelihood to migrate is determined by a combination of individual (pull) and community-level (push) characteristics. The probability of migration is higher for younger and more educated individuals, but communities with higher levels of literacy, higher rates of subsidized medical care, and better access to water and sanitation are less likely to produce migrants. It is found that households with migrants tend to be better off than similar households without migrants, even after controlling for the fact that households with migrants are a non-random sample of Ghanaians. However, the positive relationship is only true for households with at least one migrant in urban areas. Research limitations/implications: Clearly, if the authors had access to panel data, they would have been able to do something very nice and clean (on both theoretical and econometric grounds). Originality/value: This paper adds to the Ghana migration literature by offering a novel empirical assessment of the characteristics of Ghanaian migrants, the determinants of migration, and its impact on household welfare by drawing on a recently-assembled, nationally-representative sample of Ghanaian households. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Ghana; Migration; Welfare	internal migration; migrants remittance; urban area; welfare impact; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649118525	Competitive strategy, environmental characteristics and performance in African emerging economies: Lessons from firms in Ghana	Acquaah M., Adjei M.C., Mensa-Bonsu I.F.	2008	Journal of African Business	9	1	10.1080/15228910802052732	Bryan School of Business and Economics, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26165, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States; Community Water and Sanitation Agency, Sunyani, Ghana; Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Acquaah, M., Bryan School of Business and Economics, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26165, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States; Adjei, M.C., Community Water and Sanitation Agency, Sunyani, Ghana; Mensa-Bonsu, I.F., Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	This paper examines the impact of the implementation of competitive strategy on organizational performance in response to economic liberalization policies using survey data from organizations in Ghana. We also examine how the perceived intensity of industry competition and industry sector moderate the relationship between competitive strategy and organizational performance. The results show that the implementation of the competitive strategies of low-cost, differentiation, and integrated low-cost and differentiation were all positively related to performance (return on assets and return on sales). We also find that both industry competition and industry sector moderate the relationship between differentiation strategy and return on assets. Moreover, industry competition moderates the relationships between both low-cost and differentiation strategies and return on sales. The results indicate that implementing a clearly defined competitive strategy is beneficial to organizations experiencing significant changes in the environment due to economic liberalization. The findings also suggest that while low-cost strategy is more beneficial to organizations in a highly competitive industry, differentiation strategy is more beneficial to firms in lowly competitive industry. At the same time, organizations in the manufacturing sector benefit more than those in the service sector when they implement the differentiation strategy. Managerial implications are presented. © 2008 by The Haworth Press. All rights reserved.	African emerging economies; Competitive strategy; Economic liberalization; Industry competition; Industry sector; Organizational performance	corporate strategy; economic policy; implementation process; industrial competition; industrial performance; industrial structure; manufacturing; Africa; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953688982	Firm-specific Managerial Experience and the social capital-performance Relationship in a sub-Saharan African Transition Economy	Acquaah M., Appiah-Nkrumah J.	2011	Journal of African Business	12	1	10.1080/1536710X.2011.555251	Department of Business Administration, Bryan School of Business and Economics, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26165, Greensboro, NC 27402-6165, United States; Department of Economics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Acquaah, M., Department of Business Administration, Bryan School of Business and Economics, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26165, Greensboro, NC 27402-6165, United States; Appiah-Nkrumah, J., Department of Economics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	The authors examine the direct and moderating effects of firm-specific managerial experience on the relationship between social capital and performance. Using data from Ghana, the findings show that social capital from bureaucratic officials and community leaders, as well as firm-specific managerial experience, have a positive influence on performance, while social capital from politicians has a negative influence on firm performance. Furthermore, firm-specific managerial experience positively moderates the relationship between (a) social capital from politicians and performance, and (b) social capital from community leaders and performance. Therefore, firm-specific managerial experience attenuates the detrimental effects of social capital from politicians on performance. The findings contribute to knowledge in the social capital and resource-based view literature. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Firm performance; Firm-specific managerial experience; Ghana; Social capital; Sub-Saharan Africa; Transition economies	industrial enterprise; management; social capital; transitional economy; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-66049163407	Impact assessment of the use of insecticide-treated bed nets on parasitaemia and anaemia for malaria control in children, Ogun State, Nigeria	Adah P.O., Mafiana C.F., Sam-Wobo S.O.	2009	Public Health	123	5	10.1016/j.puhe.2008.10.017	Africare Nigeria, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Parasitology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta 110001, Nigeria	Adah, P.O., Africare Nigeria, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Mafiana, C.F., Parasitology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta 110001, Nigeria; Sam-Wobo, S.O., Parasitology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta 110001, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	None	insecticide; anemia; child; disease control; malaria; parasite prevalence; social impact assessment; anemia; article; bed net; child; controlled study; female; human; infant; major clinical study; malaria; malaria control; male; Nigeria; parasite prevalence; parasitemia; Plasmodium falciparum; preschool child; sex difference; urban rural difference; Anemia; Animals; Bedding and Linens; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Insecticides; Malaria; Male; Mosquito Control; Nigeria; Parasitemia; Plasmodium falciparum; Seasons; Africa; Nigeria; Ogun; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34848850433	Feed intake, growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler chicks fed diets containing varying levels of sorghum dried Brewers' grains	Adama T.Z., Ogunbajo S.A., Mambo M.	2007	International Journal of Poultry Science	6	8	None	Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	Adama, T.Z., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Ogunbajo, S.A., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Mambo, M., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	Three hundred Dako broiler chicks of both sexes each having average initial weight of 86.4 g were randomly distributed into five treatments with two replicates each with 30 birds. Five iso-nitrogenous and isocaloric starter and finisher diets were formulated and fed for a period of four weeks at starter and finisher phases. Sorghum Dried Brewer's Grain (SDBG) was used at the levels of 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% to replace maize grain and groundnut cake (GNC) in the diets at both starter and finisher phases. Feed intake, growth performance of the birds as well as the digestibility coefficients and the gross margins of the diets were measured. Digestibility values were not significantly affected up to a level of 20% SDBG in the diet. Also, cost of feed/kg declined with increasing levels of SDBG. Gross margin was highest at SDBG level of 20%. It was concluded that SDBG inclusion at a level of 20% in broiler diets will reduce the cost of feed and increase profit margin. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Broiler diet; Feed intake; Growth performance; Nutrient digestibility	Arachis hypogaea; Aves; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873123830	Biological evaluation of Trans-African highways	Adamatzky A., Kayem A.V.D.M.	2013	European Physical Journal: Special Topics	215	1	10.1140/epjst/e2013-01714-6	Unconventional Computing Centre, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Adamatzky, A., Unconventional Computing Centre, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; Kayem, A.V.D.M., Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	The Trans-African highway network is a unique concept of integrated development of transport corridors spanning all African countries and providing landlocked countries access to seaports. The planned road system is still maturing and just partially complete, thus giving us a chance to play with different scenarios of its growth and to consider potential alternative transport networks. We study the evolving transport network in the African continent with a groundbreaking technique of imitating growing transport networks with slime mould Physarum polycephalum. We represent the major urban areas of Africa with a source of nutrients, inoculate a piece of the slime mould in Cairo and allow the mould to span all urban areas with its network of protoplasmic tubes. We then compare the slime mould networks with existing and planned highway corridors. We found that slime mould provides a good approximation of the Trans-African highway network, with some roads of Eastern Africa delineated by P. polycephalum in a larger number of laboratory experiments. We demonstrate direct matches between protoplasmic tubes and Trans-Sahelian as well as Lagos-Mombasa corridors. Finally we analyse the bio-logic of transport network development in families of generalised Physarum graphs. © 2013 EDP Sciences and Springer.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901651305	Land-use/cover classification in a heterogeneous coastal landscape using RapidEye imagery: evaluating the performance of random forest and support vector machines classifiers	Adam E., Mutanga O., Odindi J., Abdel-Rahman E.M.	2014	International Journal of Remote Sensing	35	10	10.1080/01431161.2014.903435	School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand - Johannesburg, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	Adam, E., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand - Johannesburg, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mutanga, O., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Odindi, J., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Abdel-Rahman, E.M., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Mapping of patterns and spatial distribution of land-use/cover (LULC) has long been based on remotely sensed data. In the recent past, efforts to improve the reliability of LULC maps have seen a proliferation of image classification techniques. Despite these efforts, derived LULC maps are still often judged to be of insufficient quality for operational applications, due to disagreement between generated maps and reference data. In this study we sought to pursue two objectives: first, to test the new-generation multispectral RapidEye imagery classification output using machine-learning random forest (RF) and support vector machines (SVM) classifiers in a heterogeneous coastal landscape; and second, to determine the importance of different RapidEye bands on classification output. Accuracy of the derived thematic maps was assessed by computing confusion matrices of the classifiers' cover maps with respective independent validation data sets. An overall classification accuracy of 93.07% with a kappa value of 0.92, and 91.80 with a kappa value of 0.92 was achieved using RF and SVM, respectively. In this study, RF and SVM classifiers performed comparatively similarly as demonstrated by the results of McNemer's test (Z = 1.15). An evaluation of different RapidEye bands using the two classifiers showed that incorporation of the red-edge band has a significant effect on the overall classification accuracy in vegetation cover types. Consequently, pursuit of high classification accuracy using high-spatial resolution imagery on complex landscapes remains paramount. © 2014 Taylor & Francis.	None	Decision trees; Image classification; Image resolution; Maps; Classification accuracy; Classification technique; Coastal landscapes; Confusion matrices; High spatial resolution; Machine-learning; Operational applications; Remotely sensed data; Support vector machines; accuracy assessment; coastal landform; image classification; image resolution; land cover; land use planning; mapping; performance assessment; satellite imagery; spatial distribution; vegetation cover	CSIR, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research; DST, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research; NRF, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
Scopus	2-s2.0-79751498328	Mobility and photovoltaic performance studies on polymer blends: Effects of side chains volume fraction	Adam G., Pivrikas A., Ramil A.M., Tadesse S., Yohannes T., Sariciftci N.S., Egbe D.A.M.	2011	Journal of Materials Chemistry	21	8	10.1039/c0jm02668a	Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, Linz 4040, Austria; Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Adam, G., Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, Linz 4040, Austria, Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Pivrikas, A., Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, Linz 4040, Austria; Ramil, A.M., Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, Linz 4040, Austria; Tadesse, S., Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, Linz 4040, Austria, Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Yohannes, T., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Sariciftci, N.S., Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, Linz 4040, Austria; Egbe, D.A.M., Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, Linz 4040, Austria	A 1:1 mixture of two thiophene based poly(p-phenylene ethynylene)-alt- poly(p-phenylene vinylene)s denoted DO-PThE1-PPV2 (D1) and MEH-PThE1-PPV2 (D2), consisting of the same conjugated backbone but different types and volume fraction of alkoxy side chains on the phenylene ethynylene unit, has led to enhanced charge carrier mobility (measured using CELIV technique) as compared to the individual polymers. The resulting ternary blend with PC60BM showed better photovoltaic performance as compared to binary blends from the single polymers mixed with PCBM. This is due to the improved active layer nanomorphology in the ternary system as revealed by AFM studies. © 2011 The Royal Society of Chemistry.	None	Active Layer; AFM; Binary blends; Conjugated backbones; Nanomorphologies; P-phenylene; Photovoltaic performance; Poly(p-phenylene vinylene)s; Side chains; Single polymers; Ternary blends; Conjugated polymers; Organic polymers; Photovoltaic effects; Polymer blends; Ternary systems; Thiophene; Titration; Carrier mobility	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881543915	The influence of solvent properties on the performance of polysulfone/β-cyclodextrin polyurethane mixed-matrix membranes	Adams F.V., Nxumalo E.N., Krause R.W.M., Hoek E.M.V., Mamba B.B.	2013	Journal of Applied Polymer Science	130	3	10.1002/app.39378	Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1593, United States	Adams, F.V., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Nxumalo, E.N., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Krause, R.W.M., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Hoek, E.M.V., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1593, United States; Mamba, B.B., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa	This study investigates the effect of solvent properties on the structural morphology and permeation properties of polysulfone/β-cyclodextrin polyurethane (PSf/β-CDPU) mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs). The membranes were prepared by a modified phase-inversion route using four different casting solvents [dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl acetamide (DMA), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)]. While DMSO-based membranes demonstrated particularly high permeability (ca 147 L/m2h.bar), their crystallinity was low compared to MMMs prepared using DMA, DMF and NMP due to the formation of thin active layers on their surfaces. Cross-sectional morphology revealed that the MMMs have a dense top skin with finger-like inner pore structures. Membranes prepared using NMP displayed the highest hydrophilicity, porosity, and crystallinity due to the low volatility of NMP; DMF membranes exhibited superior mechanical and thermal stability due to its (DMF) high hydrogen bonding (δH) values. Thus, the morphological parameters, bulk porosity, and flux performance of MMMs have a significant inter-relationship with the solubility properties of each solvent (i.e., δH, density, volatility, solubility parameter). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	blends; membranes; morphology; polyurethanes; properties and characterization	Cross-sectional morphology; Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); Mixed-matrix membranes; Morphological parameters; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; Permeation properties; Solubility parameters; Structural morphology; Blending; Cyclodextrins; Dimethyl sulfoxide; Hydrogen bonds; Morphology; Organic solvents; Polyurethanes; Porosity; Solubility; Solvents; Membranes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899828181	Characterization of rice hull ash and its performance in turbidity removal from water	Adams F.V., Ikotun B.D., Patrick D.O., Mulaba-Bafubiandi A.F.	2014	Particulate Science and Technology	32	4	10.1080/02726351.2013.867001	Department of Metallurgy, Mineral Processing and Technology Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Jo	Adams, F.V., Department of Metallurgy, Mineral Processing and Technology Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa; Ikotun, B.D., Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa; Patrick, D.O., Department of Chemical Engineering, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria; Mulaba-Bafubiandi, A.F., Department of Metallurgy, Mineral Processing and Technology Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa	This study characterizes the locally obtained samples of rice hull ash and investigates its performance on turbidity removal from water. Four samples of this material were studied, namely, unwashed parboiled rice hull ash (UPRHA), washed parboiled rice hull ash (WPRHA), unwashed unparboiled rice hull ash (UUPRHA), and washed unparboiled rice hull ash (WUPRHA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were carried out to characterize these samples. A filtration process was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of the rice hull ash medium in removing water turbidity. The XRD results showed the silica, which is present in the ashes, to be cristobalite, quartz, and tridymite. The silica contents of the UUPRHA and WUPRHA were observed to be 77.10% and 98.24%, respectively, while those of UPRHA and WPRHA were 79.07% and 94.97%, respectively. The SEM images showed agglomeration of ash particles after the ashes were washed. The washed RHA samples showed improved pH, a good percentage of turbidity removal (<5 NTU) from water sample. Washing RHA with distilled water increased the efficiency of RHA in turbidity removal from water and regulated water pH to an acceptable range. © 2014 Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Chemical composition; rice hull ash; SEM; turbidity; XRD	Infrared spectroscopy; Quartz; Scanning electron microscopy; Silicate minerals; Chemical compositions; Distilled water; Filtration process; Rice hull ash; Turbidity removal; Water turbidity; X ray diffractometers; XRD; Turbidity; aluminum oxide; calcium oxide; iron oxide; magnesium oxide; manganese oxide; oxide; phosphorus pentoxide; potassium derivative; silicon dioxide; sodium derivative; titanium dioxide; water; article; ash; chemical composition; chemical structure; filtration; infrared spectroscopy; mineralogy; pH; priority journal; rice; scanning electron microscopy; turbidity; turbidity removal; unwashed parboiled rice hull ash; unwashed unparboiled rice hull ash; washed parboiled rice hull ash; washed unparboiled rice hull ash; water pollutant; water treatment; X ray diffraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876193680	Synthesis, characterization and antiplasmodial evaluation of cyclopalladated thiosemicarbazone complexes	Adams M., De Kock C., Smith P.J., Chibale K., Smith G.S.	2013	Journal of Organometallic Chemistry	736	None	10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.02.024	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Adams, M., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; De Kock, C., Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Smith, P.J., Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Chibale, K., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Smith, G.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Cyclopalladated thiosemicarbazone complexes arising through chelation of the tridentate thiosemicarbazone ligand via the ortho-carbon of the aryl ring, the imine nitrogen and the thiolate sulfur were synthesized with the phosphorus ligand occupying the fourth coordination site of the palladium(II) ion. These complexes were prepared by cleavage of the bridging Pd-S bonds of previously reported tetranuclear complexes with phosphorus ligands such as PTA and aminophosphines. The cyclopalladated complexes along with their free ligands were screened for antiplasmodial activity against two Plasmodium falciparum strains, NF54 (chloroquine-sensitive) and Dd2 (chloroquine-resistant), exhibiting inhibitory effects in the low micromolar range.© 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Antiplasmodial activity; Bioorganometallic chemistry; Cyclopalladation; Thiosemicarbazone	Antiplasmodial activity; Bio-organometallic chemistry; Cyclopalladated complexes; Cyclopalladation; Plasmodium falciparum; Tetranuclear complexes; Thiosemicarbazone complexes; Thiosemicarbazones; Ligands; Organometallics; Palladium compounds; Phenols; Phosphorus; Synthesis (chemical); Plasmodium falciparum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878358499	Heterobimetallic ferrocenylthiosemicarbazone palladium(II) complexes: Synthesis, electrochemistry and antiplasmodial evaluation	Adams M., De Kock C., Smith P.J., Malatji P., Hutton A.T., Chibale K., Smith G.S.	2013	Journal of Organometallic Chemistry	739	None	10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.04.017	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, K45, OMB, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Adams, M., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; De Kock, C., Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, K45, OMB, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Smith, P.J., Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, K45, OMB, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Malatji, P., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Hutton, A.T., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Chibale, K., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Smith, G.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Heterobimetallic ferrocenylthiosemicarbazone palladium(II) complexes (3-5) were prepared through the cleavage of a chlorido-bridged palladium ferrocenylthiosemicarbazone intermediate (2) using various P-donor ligands. These compounds were screened for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (NF54) and chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) Plasmodium falciparum strains, exhibiting biological activity in the low micromolar range. The compounds generally display well-resolved electrochemically reversible one-electron transfer processes for the ferrocenyl group. The half-wave potential for the Fe(II)/Fe(III) couple is electronically influenced by the type of P-donor group through the palladium(II) centre. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Bioorganometallic chemistry; Cyclic voltammetry Antiplasmodial activity; Thiosemicarbazone	Antiplasmodial activity; Bio-organometallic chemistry; Half-wave potential; Heterobimetallics; One-electron transfer; Palladium complexes; Plasmodium falciparum; Thiosemicarbazones; Bioactivity; Cyclic voltammetry; Iron compounds; Metallic compounds; Synthesis (chemical); Palladium compounds; Plasmodium falciparum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888358943	Foreign direct investment and the performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria	Adamu A., Barde B.E.	2012	Research in Accounting in Emerging Economies	12	PARTB	10.1108/S1479-3563(2012)000012B012	Department of Business Administration, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa, Nigeria	Adamu, A., Department of Business Administration, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa, Nigeria; Barde, B.E., Department of Business Administration, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa, Nigeria	Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Methodology - Annual data of aggregate foreign direct investment, manufacturing foreign direct investment, manufacturing index, manufacturing capacity utilization, manufacturing value added, and manufacturing turnovers were used. In the analysis, we tested for stationarity using augmented Dickey-Fuller test, and the test for long-run relationship was conducted using Johansen cointegration test. Vector error correction model was used for causality test. Findings - The data satisfied the stationarity test and that there is a longrun relationship between FDI and the performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study also found that causality runs from FDI to the performance of manufacturing firms. Practical implications - Since there is a long-run relationship among the variables, policies to attract FDI into the manufacturing sector should have a long range view and should be sustainable. The policy direction should focus on improving productivity and innovative capabilities of the manufacturing sectors and strengthening the supporting industries and institutions. Specifically, policies like provision of tax relief to manufacturers on importation of new technology and expatriate that will bring about efficiency and effectiveness in productions. Originality/Value of paper - This is one of the few attempts at studying the impact of FDI on manufacturing firms. The study draws attention of policy makers in Nigeria to the fact that diversification of the economy can be achieved through a viable manufacturing sector. Copyright © 2012 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Augmented Dickey-Fuller test; Foreign direct investment; Johansen cointegration test and vector error correction model; Manufacturing capacity utilization; Manufacturing index; Manufacturing value added	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861311153	Comparative performance of HbA1c 6.5% for FPG &gt;7.0 vs 2hr PG&gt;11.1 criteria for diagnosis of type 2 diabetes	Adamu A.N.	2011	African Health Sciences	11	3	None	Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria	Adamu, A.N., Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria	Background: International expert committee on the use of HbA1c to diagnose diabetes mellitus in 2009 and World Health Organization (WHO) in 2011 has advocated the use of HbA1c to diagnose diabetes mellitus. Objective: To determine and compare the relationship between the new cut off value of HbA1c with established criteria. Methods: Thirty-one hypertensive subjects attending Lagos University Teaching Hospital were recruited for HbA1c and standard oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and two-hour plasma glucose (2hrpp) value of e"126mg/dl and >200mg/dl were used as standard respectively for diagnosis of diabetes. The HbA1c of e"6.5% was used to diagnose diabetes. The performance and correlation of HbA1c with FPG and 2hrpp were calculated and results were compared. Results: Mean age of the subjects was 53.97±6.27years. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), efficiency and correlation of FPG is 50%, 68%, 27%, 85%, 64% and 0.5 respectively while the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, efficiency and correlation of 2hrpp is 73.91%, 62.5%,85%, 41.66%, 70.97% and 0.73% respectively. There was a significant difference between FPG and 2hrpp interms of sensitivity, PPV and NPV. Conclusion: The results of HbA1c with 2hrpp has better correlation, sensitivity, and PPV compared to HbA1c with FPG.	2-hour post-prandial glucose; Diabetes diagnosis; Fasting plasma glucoe; HbA1c	glucose; hemoglobin A1c; glycosylated hemoglobin; hemoglobin A1c protein, human; adult; article; clinical article; comparative study; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; diet restriction; female; glucose blood level; human; hypertension; male; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; oral glucose tolerance test; predictive value; sensitivity and specificity; standard; university hospital; blood; cross-sectional study; glucose blood level; glucose tolerance test; middle aged; reference value; Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Reference Values; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921801734	Impact of a widely cultivated tree (Moringa oleifera) on the health of commercially important hybrid catfish	Adamu K.M., Ahmed I.M.	2014	Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research Series B: Biological Sciences	57	3	None	Department of Biology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, P.M.B. 11, Lapai, Niger-State, Nigeria	Adamu, K.M., Department of Biology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, P.M.B. 11, Lapai, Niger-State, Nigeria; Ahmed, I.M., Department of Biology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, P.M.B. 11, Lapai, Niger-State, Nigeria	Plantations of the tree Moringa oleifera often lead to increas levels of leaf dust in nearby freshwater environments, and there is concern that, this could have a negative impact on catfish, which are important for aquaculture. Therefore, this study, determined the biochemical alterations in serum, liver and kidney of hybrid catfish (Clarias gariepinus (♀) × Heterobranchus bidorsalis (♂) exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of M. oleifera leaf dust in a static renewable bioassay system during a medium term exposure period. The fish (mean length, 16.33 cm, mean weight, 9.90 g) were exposed to 0.16, 0.12, 0.08, 0.04 and 0.00 mg/L concentrations of the plant leaf dust in triplicate exposure. After 21-days of exposure period, the fish were sacrificed for the biochemical parameters: glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, g-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase. Fish exposed to leaf dust showed significant differences (P<0.05) in levels of gamma glutamyltransferase serum, liver and kidney, and also in levels of albumin and cholesterol (P<0.05), in the liver and kidney. The levels of glucose and triglycerides were significantly different (P<0.05), in the liver and kidney, respectively, while, the other parameters were not significantly different (P>0.05), in the liver and kidney, respectively, in the test fish. Other parameters were not significantly different (P>0.05) in their respective tissue-organs. Ipso-facto, the alteration in biochemical parameters of hybrid catfish exposed to M. oleifera leaf dust was concentration dependent with 0.16 mg/L showing the highest negative alterations thus fish exposed to concentrations above 0.16 mg/L for longer durations may suffer impaired health effects.	Biochemical parameters; Hybrid catfish; Moringa oleifera	aquaculture; bioassay; biochemical composition; concentration (composition); cultivation; dicotyledon; freshwater environment; glucose; plantation; serum; teleost; Clarias gariepinus; Heterobranchus bidorsalis; Moringa oleifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878502060	Effect of age and performance on physical, hematological, and biochemical parameters in endurance horses	Adamu L., Noraniza M.A., Rasedee A., Bashir A.	2013	Journal of Equine Veterinary Science	33	6	10.1016/j.jevs.2012.07.015	Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Patholo	Adamu, L., Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria; Noraniza, M.A., Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Rasedee, A., Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Bashir, A., Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia	Endurance horses are subjected to heightened stress even after several conditioning protocols. Hence, the goal of this study was to examine the effect of age and performance on the hematology, biochemistry, and physical parameters after an endurance race. Eighteen horses aged 6-15 years were grouped into 80-km race category. All the horses were physically examined, and blood samples were collected postrace. After physical examination, the poor (n = 9) and good (n = 9) performance horses were identified. Potassium concentration was significantly higher (P < .05) in the good performance horses; chloride concentration was significantly higher (P < .05) in the poor performance horses. The mean blood glucose concentration of the poor performance horses in all the age-groups was significantly higher (P < .05). The mean blood lactate concentration was significantly lower (P < .05) in the poor performance horses. There was significant effect of performance on heart rate (P < .031), capillary refill time (P < .013), and gut motility (P < .05). Univariate Fisher exact test results were significantly higher for skin recoil (P < .03), mucous membrane (P < .03), and gait (P < .04) in the performance categories. In conclusion, the influence of age was seen in the poor performance category in relation to lactate, but age did not influence other physical, hematological, and biochemical parameters of the endurance horses. Thus, further studies are required to determine whether physical, hematological, and biochemical parameters during training could be used to estimate performance in endurance horses based on age. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	Age; Biochemical; Endurance horses; Hematological; Performance; Physical	Equidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943573717	Comparing the performance of different meta-heuristics for unweighted parallel machine scheduling	Adamu M.O., Adewumi A.	2015	South African Journal of Industrial Engineering	26	2	None	Department of Mathematics, University of Lagos, Nigeria; School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Adamu, M.O., Department of Mathematics, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Adewumi, A., School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	This article considers the due window scheduling problem to minimise the number of early and tardy jobs on identical parallel machines. This problem is known to be NP complete and thus finding an optimal solution is unlikely. Three meta-heuristics and their hybrids are proposed and extensive computational experiments are conducted. The purpose of this paper is to compare the performance of these meta-heuristics and their hybrids and to determine the best among them. Detailed comparative tests have also been conducted to analyse the different heuristics with the simulated annealing hybrid giving the best result. © 2015, South African Institute of Industrial Engineering. All rights reserved.	None	Business machines; Simulated annealing; Comparative tests; Computational experiment; Identical parallel machines; Meta heuristics; NP Complete; Optimal solutions; Parallel machine scheduling; Tardy jobs; Scheduling	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864535903	Evaluating the impact of product diversification on financial performance of selected nigerian construction firms	Adamu N., Zubairu I.K., Ibrahim Y.M., Ibrahim A.M.	2011	Journal of Construction in Developing Countries	16	2	None	Department of Quantity Surveying, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria; Department of Building, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Department of Quantity Surveying, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna	Adamu, N., Department of Quantity Surveying, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria; Zubairu, I.K., Department of Building, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Ibrahim, Y.M., Department of Quantity Surveying, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Ibrahim, A.M., Department of Building, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	The need for the improved performance and continuous survival of construction firms has caused firms to diversify into other businesses. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of diversification on the performance of some Nigerian construction firms. Financial statements from seventy construction firms were analysed. The specialisation ratio method was used to measure and categorise the firms into undiversified, moderately diversified and highly diversified firms, and profitability ratios were used to measure the group-wise performance of the firms. The Student t-test was used to test the relationship between the extent of diversification and performance. The findings reveal that undiversified firms outperform the highly diversified firms in terms of Return on Total Assets and Profit Margin. Similarly, the moderately diversified firms were found to outperform the highly diversified firms in terms of Return on Equity, Return on Total Assets and Profit Margin. However, no performance difference was found between the undiversified firms and the moderately diversified firms based on the three measures used. A nonlinear relationship was found between the extent of diversification and performance. It was concluded that diversification does not necessarily lead to an improvement in profitability. The implication is that firms are better-off remaining focused if the aim is to improve financial performance. © Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2011.	Diversification; Financial performance; Specialisation ratio	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954632405	Gender perception on the impact of school sports on sports development hi Borno State of Nigeria	Adaramaja S.R., Mustapha S., Tanglang N.	2010	Social Sciences	5	2	10.3923/sscience.2010.149.151	Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria	Adaramaja, S.R., Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; Mustapha, S., Department of Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Tanglang, N., Department of Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria	The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of school sports on sports development in Borno State of Nigeria as perceived by gender. Sports development in this respect was examined using the following variables: facility, personnel, funding, training programme, competitions, sports policy and encouragement of talents for sports. To achieve the purpose of this study a standardized questionnaire was administered by the researchers to the respondents which included; students, athletes, games-masters, game mistresses, physical education teachers, principals of secondary schools, coaches in the sports council, zonal sports coordinators and directors of sports in Borno State. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was established using Guffman split half technique, a result of 0.82 r was obtained. Data collected was analysed using two tailed t-test inferential statistics. The findings of this study revealed no significant differences between male and female respondents in all the aspects of sports development with the exception of encouragement of talents for sports. In other words, encouragement of talents was promoted at the expense of other aspects of sports development. It is therefore, recommended that the Nigeria School Sports Federation (NSSF) at the state level should devise a means for the development of other aspects of sports development such as the provision of standard facilities, qualified personnel, adequate funding, training programme, competitions as well as an effective school sports policy that can accommodate the needs, interests and aspirations of the participants. © Medwell Journals, 2010.	Coaches; Development; Funding; Gender; Personnel; Sports talents	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894095559	Performance evaluation of wind turbines for energy generation in Niger Delta, Nigeria	Adaramola M.S., Oyewola O.M., Ohunakin O.S., Akinnawonu O.O.	2014	Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments	6	None	10.1016/j.seta.2014.01.001	Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun	Adaramola, M.S., Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway; Oyewola, O.M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ohunakin, O.S., Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Akinnawonu, O.O., Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	This paper evaluates wind energy potentials of seven selected locations spreading across Niger-Delta region of Nigeria using wind speed data that extend over 9 to 37. years and subjected to 2-parameter Weibull distribution functions. The performance of four wind turbine models ranging from 35 to 500. kW was simulated in all the locations considered. The results show that the performance of all the wind energy conversion systems gave the least energy output values at Ikom. In addition, annual energy output ranged from 4.07. MWh at Ikom to 145.57. MWh at Ogoja with Polaris America (100. kW) and Zeus Energy (500. kW) wind turbines respectively. It was also observed that, irrespective of the site, G-3120 (35. kW) wind turbine has the highest capacity factor among the models considered. Therefore, for wind energy development, G-3120 model or wind turbine with similar rated wind speed would be most suitable in all the locations. The number of inhabitants that can be served by the energy produced using G-3120 turbine in each location was estimated. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Energy output; Niger Delta region; Nigeria; Power density; Wind turbine	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870680969	Techno-economic evaluation of wind energy in southwest Nigeria	Adaramola M.S., Oyewola O.M., Ohunakin O.S., Dinrifo R.R.	2012	Frontiers in Energy	6	4	10.1007/s11708-012-0205-y	Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7030, Norway; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, 23402, Nigeria; Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant Unive	Adaramola, M.S., Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7030, Norway; Oyewola, O.M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, 23402, Nigeria; Ohunakin, O.S., Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, Ogun State, 11001, Nigeria; Dinrifo, R.R., School of Engineering, Lagos State Polytechnic, Lagos, 23401, Nigeria	In this study, an analysis of the wind energy potential in the southwest geo-political region of Nigeria was conducted. A 37-year (1971-2007) wind speed data set measured at 10 m height, obtained from eight meteorological stations within the region was analyzed using a 2-parameter Weibull function. Besides, a technoeconomic evaluation of large wind energy conversion systems with power ratings ranging from 0. 6 to 2MW at different hub heights based on the levelized unit cost of electricity was made for the different sites considered. The result showed that electricity cost varied from 0. 06997 and 0. 11195 $/(kW·h) to 2. 86611 and 4. 58578 $/(kW·h) at limit values of turbine specific cost band intervals of 1000 and 1600 $/kW. It was further shown that Lagos, having the highest accumulated power outputs of 430. 10 kW/a from DeWind D7 at 70m hub height, is the most preferred for economically usable power generation in terms of the levelized unit cost. © 2012 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	mean wind speed; Nigeria; southwest geopolitical region; techno-economic analysis; Weibull distributions; wind turbine	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960458669	Evaluating the performance of wind turbines in selected locations in Oyo state, Nigeria	Adaramola M.S., Oyewola O.M.	2011	Renewable Energy	36	12	10.1016/j.renene.2011.04.029	Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adaramola, M.S., Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Oyewola, O.M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The wind speed distribution and wind energy potential are investigated in three selected locations in Oyo state using wind speed data that span between 12 and 20 years measured at 10 m height. In addition, the performance of selected small to medium size wind turbines in these sites were examined. The annual energy output and capacity factor for these turbines were determined. It was found that the monthly mean wind speeds in Oyo state ranges from 2.85 m/s to 5.20 m/s. While the monthly mean power density varies between 27.08 W/m2 and 164.48 W/m2, while the annual mean power density is in the range of 67.28 W/m2 and 106.60 W/m2. Based on annual energy output, wind turbines with cut-in wind speed of about 2.5 m/s and moderate rated wind speeds will be best suited for all the sites. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Capacity factor; Energy output; Nigeria; Wind speed; Wind turbine	Annual mean; Capacity factors; Energy output; Mean power; Mean wind speed; Medium size; Nigeria; Wind speed; Wind speed data; Wind speed distribution; Speed; Wind effects; Wind power; Wind turbines; data set; energy efficiency; measurement method; performance assessment; wind power; wind turbine; wind velocity; Nigeria; Oyo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-54149083020	Effect of mathematical games on Nigerian students' performance in mathematics in secondary schools in Port Harcourt Metropolis	Adaramola O.M., Alamina J.I.	2008	European Journal of Scientific Research	20	2	None	Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Adaramola, O.M., Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Alamina, J.I., Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	The study investigated the effect of mathematical games on Nigerian students' performance in mathematics in secondary schools in Port Harcourt.. The design of the study was Pretest, Posttest Control Group Design. A total of one hundred and eighty (180) JSS1 students were involved in the experimental study. This number was made up of Ninety (90) boys and Ninety (90) girls from three schools purposively chosen from the Co-educational Federal schools, State schools and Government Approved Private Schools in Port Harcourt metropolis, for a good representation of the schools. From these schools, subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups i.e 60 students from each school. Two instruments were used in data collection. One was the pretest, which was used to establish the pretest mean scores, standard deviation and variance of the two groups used for study. This formed the basis for comparison with the posttest. The posttest was a parallel or an equivalent test to the pretest, and was used to determine the difference in achievement of students exposed to mathematical games and those not. The two groups were taught at different lesson times in their respective schools. The statistical tools used for the study were Mean, Standard Deviation, Variance, non-independent t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the use of mathematical games was more effective than the use of traditional lecture method in teaching mathematics. From the findings recommendations on how to improve students' performance in mathematics were made. The implications of the findings were also considered. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2008.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84895720110	Evaluation of toxic effects of metformin hydrochloride and glibenclamide on some organs of male Rats	Adaramoye O., Akanni O., Adesanoye O., Labo-Popoola O., Olaremi O.	2012	Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences	27	2	None	Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adaramoye, O., Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Akanni, O., Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adesanoye, O., Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Labo-Popoola, O., Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olaremi, O., Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Metformin hydrochloride (MET) and glibenclamide (GB) are used in the management of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). This study was designed to investigate the toxic effect of MET and GB in the Liver, kidney and testis of rats. Twenty one rats were divided into three groups of seven rats each; group 1 served as control, groups 2 and 3 received GB and MET at doses of 5 and 30 mg/kg, respectively, for 21 days by oral gavage. Results indicate that MET and GB treatment did not affect body weight-gain in the rats. Also, there were no treatment-related changes in the absolute and relative weights of liver, kidney, and testis in MET and GB-treated rats relative to controls. However, significant increase (p<0.05) in testicular lipid peroxidation levels were accompanied by reduction in epididymal sperm count and motility in MET and GB-treated rats, whereas sperm live/dead ratio was unaffected. Specifically, MET and GB decreased sperm count and motility by 34%, 31% and 25%, 28%, respectively. Activities of hepatic and renal superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), serum alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase were not significantly (p>0.05) affected in MET and GB-treated rats, whereas testicular SOD, CAT, glutathione, serum aspartate aminotransferase and conjugated bilirubin were markedly affected by MET treatment. Histopathological results showed marked necrosis, degeneration of seminiferous tubules and defoliation of spermatocytes in testis of MET-treated rats. Taken together, MET and GB induced lipid peroxidation, affected seminal qualities and decreased antioxidant status. These drugs may interfere with normal biochemical processes in testis and liver of the rats. © Physiological Society of Nigeria.	Diabetes; Glibenclamide; Metformin; Toxicity	antidiabetic agent; antioxidant; glibenclamide; metformin; antidiabetic agent; glibenclamide; metformin; animal; article; down regulation; drug effect; enzymology; kidney; lipid peroxidation; liver; male; metabolism; physiology; randomization; rat; testis; upregulation; drug effects; kidney; liver; testis; toxicity; Animals; Antioxidants; Down-Regulation; Glyburide; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kidney; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Male; Metformin; Random Allocation; Rats; Testis; Up-Regulation; Animals; Antioxidants; Down-Regulation; Glyburide; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kidney; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Male; Metformin; Random Allocation; Rats; Testis; Up-Regulation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747166729	Evaluation of screening methods for improved storability of soybean seed	Addai I.K., Safo-Kantanka O.	2006	International Journal of Botany	2	2	10.3923/ijb.2006.152.155	Department of Agronomy, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box 1350, Tamale, Ghana; Department of Crop Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Addai, I.K., Department of Agronomy, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box 1350, Tamale, Ghana; Safo-Kantanka, O., Department of Crop Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Various forms of accelerated ageing tests have been used to evaluate storability of seed lots but very little work has been done on how these tests correlate or relate well with ambient storage and their effectiveness in selecting for seed storability. In this study, hundred seeds each from three soybean genotypes were subjected to three accelerated ageing tests by soaking the seeds in 20% ethanol solution for two hours, in 20% methanol solution for two hours or in 75°C hot water for seventy seconds. The same quantity of seeds was stored on laboratory wooden shelves for a period of four months at a temperature range of 22-25°C and 30-35% relative humidity. Germination percentage of seeds from these four categories revealed that the ethanol solution predicted seed storability more than hot water and methanol treatments. In another experiment, seeds from individual M 2 plants were screened either by using the ethanol test or by storing threshed and unthreshed seeds at a temperature range of 22-25°C and relative humidity of 30-35% for a period of four months. Only the M 2 plants whose seeds produced germination percentage of 80% or above were selected. Compared to the two ambient storage methods, the ethanol solution was less effective a screening method for improved seed storability but could be used as an initial screening method to predict seed storability in soybeans. However, storability of such seeds should always be confirmed by storage under ambient conditions especially in later generations of selection. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Accelerated ageing tests; Gamma irradiation; Improved storability; Screening methods; Soybean seed	Glycine max	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84882444096	Impact of copper-based fungicide application on copper contamination of cocoa plants and soils in the Ahafo Ano North District, Ashanti region, Ghana	Addo-Fordjour P., Gyimah Gyamfi H., Fei-Baffoe B., Akrofi A.Y.	2013	Ecology, Environment and Conservation	19	2	None	Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Institute for Applied Material Flow Management, University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus, Birkenfeld, Germany; Department of Environmental Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG), PO Box 8, Akim Tafo, Ghana	Addo-Fordjour, P., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Gyimah Gyamfi, H., Institute for Applied Material Flow Management, University of Applied Sciences, Environmental Campus, Birkenfeld, Germany; Fei-Baffoe, B., Department of Environmental Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Akrofi, A.Y., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG), PO Box 8, Akim Tafo, Ghana	The control of the blackpod disease of cocoa is mainly through the application of copper-based fungicides. However, copper-based fungicides use might have negative impact by introducing copper residues in cocoa plants and soils. The study was conducted in selected cocoa farms in the Ahafo-Ano North district of the Ashanti Region to evaluate the effect of copper contained in fungicides on the soil, cocoa beans and leaves. Soil analysis showed that copper contents in the soils of cocoa plantations were significantly higher than those of adjacent forest soils. Extractable copper content in the topsoil was similar to that of the subsoil (p = 0.564), although total copper content was significantly higher in the topsoil (p = 0.005). Both extractable and total copper contents of the soil differed significantly among the different aged plantations (p < 0.001). Soils of the various cocoa plantations were contaminated with regard to Contamination Factor and Geoaccumulation index of extractable and total copper in the topsoil and subsoil. Copper residues were detected in both cocoa leaves and beans in amounts higher than soil copper. Copper content of cocoa leaves differed significantly with respect to age of cocoa plantations (p = 0.001) but that was not the case for copper content in cocoa beans (p = 0.227). Extractable and total copper contents in subsoil related significantly with copper content in cocoa leaves (p = 0.004 and 0.04 respectively). Ecological implications of the study have been emphasised. © EM International.	Blackpod disease; Cocoa; Contamination factor; Fungicides; Geoaccumulation index	cocoa; copper; disease control; forest soil; fungicide; geoaccumulation; index method; plantation; pollution effect; soil pollution; topsoil; Ashanti; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62049085455	Liana species richness, abundance and relationship with trees in the Bobiri forest reserve, Ghana: Impact of management systems	Addo-Fordjour P., Anning A.K., Larbi J.A., Akyeampong S.	2009	Forest Ecology and Management	257	8	10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.051	Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana	Addo-Fordjour, P., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Anning, A.K., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Larbi, J.A., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Akyeampong, S., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana	Forest management practices which may represent various forms of disturbance regimes could influence liana species richness, abundance and relationship with their hosts. The study sought to determine the impacts of three management systems, namely, the Selection, Tropical Shelterwood and Post Exploitation Systems (SS, TSS and PES respectively) on liana species richness, abundance and relationship with trees in the Bobiri forest reserve, Ghana. Lianas with dbh ≥ 2 cm found on trees with dbh ≥ 10 cm were enumerated in 1 ha plot each in the SS, TSS and PES. All trees (dbh ≥ 10 cm) within the plots that did not carry lianas were also enumerated. A total of 640 liana individuals belonging to 27 species, 22 genera and 13 families were identified in the management systems. Griffonia simplicifolia (Vahl ex DC.) Baill., Motandra guineensis (Thonn.) A.DC. and Calycobolus africanus (G.Don) Heine were the abundant species in all the management systems. Unlike in SS, lianas in the TSS and PES were dominated by a few species. Larger diameter lianas were more abundant in the PES (32%) compared with the SS (18.3%) and the PES (13.1%). Liana diversity (H′) (species richness and abundance) was quantitatively higher in the SS (2.8) than the TSS (2.2) and the PES (2.0). The numbers of lianas carried by tree species differed significantly in the management systems (p &lt; 0.001 each). Liana infestation in the forest was high. The level of liana infestation did not reflect the extent of liana load per tree in the management systems. Larger trees carried significantly more liana individuals than smaller trees in the PES (p = 0.019, r 2 = 0.15). There was a positive significant relationship between host dbh and liana dbh in the PES (p &lt; 0.001, r 2 = 0.23) and TSS (p = 0.024, r 2 = 0.11). Tree diversity appeared to have influenced liana species richness and abundance. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Abundance; Bobiri forest; Impact; Lianas; Management systems; Relationship; Trees	Forestry; Potential energy; Potential energy surfaces; Abundance; Bobiri forest; Impact; Lianas; Management systems; Relationship; Trees; Management; abundance; diameter; ecological impact; forest management; species diversity; species richness; vine; Biodiversity; Energy; Forest Management; Forests; Ghana; Shelterwood; Trees; Africa; Ashanti; Bobiri Forest Reserve; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Calycobolus; Griffonia; Griffonia simplicifolia; Motandra guineensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903187722	Impacts of forest management on community assemblage and carbon stock of lianas in a tropical lowland forest, Malaysia	Addo-Fordjour P., Rahmad Z.B., Shahrul A.M.S.	2014	Tropical Conservation Science	7	2	None	School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang Penang, Malaysia; Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; The Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies (CEMACS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia	Addo-Fordjour, P., School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang Penang, Malaysia, Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Rahmad, Z.B., School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang Penang, Malaysia, The Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies (CEMACS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia; Shahrul, A.M.S., School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang Penang, Malaysia, The Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies (CEMACS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Penang, Malaysia	The study determined the impacts of different forest management regimes on liana community assemblages and carbon stocks in the Bukit Panchor Forest Reserve, Malaysia. Based on time span, two forests treated by the Malayan Uniform System (MUS), but with different time of recovery (19 years old: MUS-19 and 42 years old: MUS-42) were selected for this study. The MUS is a silvicultural treatment involving a single harvest of trees of stipulated diameter (≥ 45 cm), followed by other silvicultural operations such as climber cutting. An untreated forest was added as a control. Lianas with diameter ≥ 2 cm were enumerated in ten 40 × 40 m2 plots within each regime. Liana above-ground carbon stocks were determined using an allometric equation. Observed species richness and Shannon diversity of lianas were significantly lower in the MUS-19 treated forest than in the untreated forest (p&lt;0.05), but the values of these attributes were similar in the MUS-42 treated and untreated forests. Rarefied liana species richness was significantly lower in the two treated forests than in the untreated forest (p&lt;0.05). Liana stem basal area and carbon stock decreased significantly in the MUS-19 treated forest (p&lt;0.05) relative to the untreated forest, whereas the values in the MUS-42 treated forest were similar to those in the untreated forest. In view of the adverse impacts of complete liana cutting on liana diversity, structure and carbon stocks in the treated forests, it is recommended that selective liana cutting be used in controlling lianas. © P. Addo-Fordjour, Z.B. Rahmad and A.M.S Shahrul.	Liana carbon stock; Liana cutting; Liana diversity and community structure; Silvicultural treatments	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874444327	Impacts of forest management on liana abundance and liana-tree relationships in a tropical forest in Malaysia and implications for conservation	Addo-Fordjour P., Rahmad Z.B., Asyraf M.	2013	International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystems Services and Management	9	1	10.1080/21513732.2012.714798	School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia; Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana	Addo-Fordjour, P., School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia, Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Rahmad, Z.B., School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia; Asyraf, M., School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia	This study analysed the impact of the Malayan Uniform management System (MUS) on liana abundance and their relationship with trees in the Bukit Panchor Forest Reserve, Malaysia. Two types of MUS-treated forest, medium-term MUS (M-MUS) and long-term MUS (L-MUS), were identified based on the management time span (19 and 42 years, respectively). Trees with diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm were identified and examined for liana presence (diameter ≥ 2 cm) in ten 40 m × 40 m plots within each forest. Tree seedling and sapling abundance were also determined in a randomly selected 20 m × 20 m subplot within each plot. Liana abundance and infestation rates were significantly higher in the untreated forest than under the M-MUS, although they did not differ from those under the L-MUS. Tree diameter related significantly with liana load and basal area in all the forests except the M-MUS, which contained relatively more uniform diameter trees. Reduction in liana abundance and infestation in the treated forests favoured natural regeneration of the trees. Liana cutting was effective in reducing liana abundance and infestation in the medium term but not in the long term. Therefore, further liana cutting in the long term may be needed to control lianas. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	abundance; forest management; infestation rates; liana-tree relationships; silvicultural treatment	abundance; cutting; deciduous forest; forest management; long-term change; sapling; seedling; silviculture; tropical forest; Malaysia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80755125252	Impacts of coastal inundation due to climate change in a CLUSTER of urban coastal communities in Ghana, West Africa	Addo K.A., Larbi L., Amisigo B., Ofori-Danson P.K.	2011	Remote Sensing	3	9	10.3390/rs3092029	University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 99, Legon, Accra, Ghana; CSIR Water Research Institute, P.O. Box M. 32, Accra, Ghana	Addo, K.A., University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 99, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Larbi, L., University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 99, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Amisigo, B., CSIR Water Research Institute, P.O. Box M. 32, Accra, Ghana; Ofori-Danson, P.K., University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 99, Legon, Accra, Ghana	The increasing rates of sea level rise caused by global warming within the 21st century are expected to exacerbate inundation and episodic flooding tide in low-lying coastal environments. This development threatens both human development and natural habitats within such coastal communities. The impact of sea level rise will be more pronounced in developing countries where there is limited adaptation capacity. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the expected impacts of sea level rise in three communities in the Dansoman coastal area of Accra, Ghana. Future sea level rises were projected based on global scenarios and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization General Circulation Models-CSIRO_MK2_GS GCM. These were used in the SimCLIM model based on the modified Bruun rule and the simulated results overlaid on near vertical aerial photographs taken in 2005. It emerged that the Dansoman coastline could recede by about 202 m by the year 2100 with baseline from 1970 to 1990. The potential impacts on the socioeconomic and natural systems of the Dansoman coastal area were characterized at the Panbros, Grefi and Gbegbeyise communities. The study revealed that about 84% of the local dwellers is aware of the rising sea level in the coastal area but have poor measures of adapting to the effects of flood disasters. Analysis of the likely impacts of coastal inundation revealed that about 650,000 people, 926 buildings and a total area of about 0.80 km2 of land are vulnerable to permanent inundation by the year 2100. The study has shown that there will be significant losses to both life and property by the year 2100 in the Dansoman coastal community in the event of sea level rise. © 2011 by the authors.	Adaptation; Climate change; Coastal erosion; Ghana; Inundation; Sea level rise	Adaptation; Coastal erosion; Ghana; Inundation; Sea level rise; Coastal zones; Computer simulation; Developing countries; Global warming; Industrial research; Photography; Sea level	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745807956	Improving the laboratory diagnosis of TB in Ghana: The impact of a quality assurance system	Addo K.K., Dan-Dzide M., Yeboah-Manu D., Owusu-Darko K., Caulley P., Minamikawa M., Bonsu F., Lienhardt C., Akpedonu P., Ofori-Adjei D.	2006	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	10	7	None	Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana; National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Korle-Bu, Ghana; National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Korle-Bu, Ghana; West African TB Research Initiative, Dakar, Senegal; Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana	Addo, K.K., Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana, Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana; Dan-Dzide, M., Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana; Yeboah-Manu, D., Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana; Owusu-Darko, K., Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana; Caulley, P., National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Korle-Bu, Ghana; Minamikawa, M., Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana; Bonsu, F., National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Korle-Bu, Ghana; Lienhardt, C., West African TB Research Initiative, Dakar, Senegal; Akpedonu, P., Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana; Ofori-Adjei, D., Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana	SETTING: Greater Accra region, Ghana. OBJECTIVE: To establish a pilot quality assurance (QA) system in sputum smear microscopy and to evaluate its impact. DESIGN: Quarterly supporting visits were paid to participating laboratories between 2000 and 2002. Fifteen examined slides were selected randomly from each laboratory during the visits and blindly re-assessed. Feedback was given promptly to the various laboratories. Training and stakeholder workshops were organised whenever necessary. RESULTS: General improvements in smear preparation and staining as well as the reading ability of the laboratory personnel included in the study were observed. The average marks for specimen quality, staining ability, smear cleanness, thickness, size and evenness increased from 64%, 79%, 69%, 46%, 67% and 60% in the last quarter of 2000 to 81%, 90%, 86%, 79%, 80% and 74%, respectively, 24 months after the establishment of the QA system. Within the same period, the rate of false-positives and -negatives decreased from respectively 14.8% and 20.5% to 0%, and agreements in positivity grade increased from 74% to 95%. The performance of the participating laboratories in keeping the laboratory registers up to date also improved. CONCLUSION: The QA system needs to be extended to the rest of the country. © 2006 The Union.	Ghana; Pilot system; Quality assurance; Sputum smear microscopy	article; false negative result; false positive result; Ghana; health care quality; human; job performance; laboratory diagnosis; medical education; priority journal; sputum smear; tuberculosis; Ghana; Humans; Laboratory Techniques and Procedures; Pilot Projects; Quality Assurance, Health Care; Tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45849117608	Evaluation of cocoa butter as potential lubricant for coprocessing in pharmaceutical tablets	Adeagbo A.A., Alebiowu G.	2008	Pharmaceutical Development and Technology	13	3	10.1080/10837450801949400	Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adeagbo, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Alebiowu, G., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	The lubricant activity of cocoa butter coprocessed with magnesium stearate plus talc (CMT) was compared with magnesium stearate plus talc (MT) using flow and compressional characteristics of paracetamol granules and mechanical properties of their tablets as assessment parameters. The flow of the granules quantified as Hausner's ratio, Carr's index, and angle of repose showed that CMT has a higher ability than MT to reduce densification of granules due to vibration. Compressional characteristics analyzed using density measurements and the Heckel and Kawakita plots revealed that CMT did not facilitate the increase in the densification of the granules during the filling and at low pressures, Db. Also, CMT reduced the plastic deformation of the granules measured by the Py-yield pressure at onset of plastic deformation and Pk-yield pressure of deformation under compression. The mechanical properties determined by the tensile strength, T, and brittle fracture index, BFI, of the tablets produced were affected by CMT. The T and BFI of tablets with CMT were lower than those of MT. The results suggest that though CMT lowered the plasticity of the granules, it improved their flow rate and assisted in producing tablets with fewer tendencies to cap or laminate. This work concluded that cocoa butter, an inexpensive and easily available lipid, is an effective and viable lubricant that can be co-processed with magnesium stearate/talc mixture for an efficient lubrication of granules and may be useful in reducing lamination and capping in formulations that are susceptible to these 2 defects of tablets. Copyright © Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.	Brittle fracture index; Cocoa butter; Heckel plot; Kawakita plot; Magnesium stearate; Tensile strength	lubricating agent; magnesium stearate; paracetamol; talc; Theobroma oil; article; flow rate; priority journal; tablet compression; tablet formulation; tablet manufacture; tensile strength; Adhesives; Cacao; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chemistry, Physical; Excipients; Lubricants; Powders; Stearic Acids; Tablets; Talc; Tensile Strength	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84957809766	Evaluation of global solar radiation using multiple weather parameters as predictors for South Africa provinces	Adeala A.A., Huan Z., Enweremadu C.C.	2015	Thermal Science	19	None	10.2298/TSCI130714072A	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa	Adeala, A.A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa; Huan, Z., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Enweremadu, C.C., Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa	Models for estimating monthly average daily global solar radiation were developed for South African provinces. These models, in addition to the traditional sunshine hours used in existing models incorporates ambient temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed as variable parameters for predicting global solar radiation, making it different from most of the existing models that use only sunshine hours as variable. Meteorological data obtained for nine locations in South Africa were employed in the model formulation. The accuracy of the models were verified by comparing estimated values with measured values in terms of the following statistical error tests: mean bias error, mean absolute bias error, mean absolute percentage error, root mean square error, and the regression coefficient.The values of regression coefficient for the formulated models are between the ranges of 90%-99%. It was also observed that for an accurate estimation of global solar radiation in Eastern Cape Province, all weather elements are needed. This implies that the models give an excellent prediction for global solar radiation for their corresponding locations. Also, different errors calculated for the formulated models are close to zero especially mean absolute percentage error. The result shows that the formulated models are good enough to be used to predict monthly average daily radiation for South Africa and also, the inclusion of some other elements in some of the models improved the accuracy of the predictions made by the models.	Modeling; Multiple predictors; Solar radiation; South Africa; Weather parameters	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878744872	Evaluation of ethnomedical claims II: Antimalarial activities of gongronema latifolium root and stem	Adebajo A.C., Odediran S.A., Nneji C.M., Iwalewa E.O., Rukunga G.M., Aladesanmi A.J., Gathirwa J.W., Ademowo O.G., Olugbade T.A., Schmidt T.J., Verspohl E.J.	2013	Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants	19	2	10.1080/10496475.2012.734012	Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife 00235, Nigeria; Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical	Adebajo, A.C., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife 00235, Nigeria, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Munster, Germany; Odediran, S.A., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife 00235, Nigeria; Nneji, C.M., Institute of Advanced Medical Research and Training, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Iwalewa, E.O., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife 00235, Nigeria; Rukunga, G.M., Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Aladesanmi, A.J., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife 00235, Nigeria; Gathirwa, J.W., Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Ademowo, O.G., Institute of Advanced Medical Research and Training, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Olugbade, T.A., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife 00235, Nigeria; Schmidt, T.J., Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Verspohl, E.J., Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Munster, Germany	Methanolic extract and chromatographic fractions of Gongronema latifolium were tested against clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum-, P. yoelii nigeriensis-infected mice, chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) P. falciparum clones. The isolates, characterized as a 1:1 mixture of α-amyrin and β-amyrin cinnamates (1a/1b), lupenyl cinnamate (2) and lupenyl acetate (3), were assayed using the clones. Extract, most active vacuum liquid and column chromatographic fractions had respective ED50 values of 120.85, 32.03, 25.62 mg.kg-1 and IC50 of 36.27, 9.45, 7.05 μg.mL-1, against W2 clones. Lupenyl acetate had 18.96 μg.mL-1, indicating synergistic action of the constituents. Results justified its ethnomedical use for treating malaria. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	gongronema latifolium; lupenyl acetate; Plasmodium falciparum clones; Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis	alpha amyrin; antimalarial agent; artemisinin; beta amyrin; chloroquine; cinnamic acid; Gongronema latifolium extract; lupeol acetate; methanol; plant extract; unclassified drug; chemical ecology; clone; dicotyledon; ethnobotany; protozoan; quinine; rodent; root; stem; animal experiment; animal model; antimalarial activity; article; chromatography; controlled study; drug determination; drug isolation; drug screening; Gongronema latifolium; malaria falciparum; medicinal plant; mouse; nonhuman; plant root; plant stem; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium yoelii; Plasmodium yoelii infection; vacuum; Gongronema latifolium; Mus; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881556310	Evaluation of Ethnomedical Claim III: Anti-hyperglycemic activities of Gongronema latifolium root and stem	Adebajo A.C., Ayoola M.D., Odediran S.A., Aladesanmi A.J., Schmidt T.J., Verspohl E.J.	2013	Journal of Diabetes	5	3	10.1111/1753-0407.12019	Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Munster, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceu	Adebajo, A.C., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Munster, Germany, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Munster, Germany; Ayoola, M.D., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; Odediran, S.A., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; Aladesanmi, A.J., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; Schmidt, T.J., Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Munster, Germany; Verspohl, E.J., Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Munster, Germany	Background: The insulinotropic activity of the combined root and stem of Gongronema latifolium (Asclepiadaceae) was evaluated to justify its African ethnomedicinal use in the management of diabetes. Methods: A methanolic extract and its chromatographic fractions (A1-A6) were tested for glucose-reducing and in vitro insulin-stimulating abilities using glucose-loaded rats and INS-1 cells, respectively. In vivo insulin-releasing activities for the significantly (P&lt;0.05) active antihyperglycemic A5 and A6 and in vitro insulinotropic activity of the C1 fraction and its isolated constituents were also similarly determined. Results: The extract (100mg/kg) had higher in vivo antihyperglycemic activity than the individual A1-A6, indicating a synergistic effect of the plant constituents. Higher in vivo insulin release in response to A5 (100mg/kg) than A6, agreed with their in vivo antihyperglycemic activities and confirmed insulin release as a mechanism of action of the plant. Compared with 5.6mmol/L glucose (negative control), the extract and the A3, A6, and C1 (all at 100.0μg/mL) elicited significantly higher in vitro insulin release that was similar to that of glibenclamide (1.0μg/mL; P&gt;0.05). Fraction C1 yielded a 1:1 mixture of α-amyrin and β-amyrin cinnamates (1a:1b), lupenyl cinnamate (2), lupenyl acetate (3), and two unidentified triterpenoids, Y and Z. The 1a:1b mixture (100.0μg/mL) demonstrated the highest insulinotropic activity that was comparable (P&gt;0.05) to that of glibenclamide (1.0μg/mL). Conclusions: The results confirm pancreatic activity as a mechanism underlying the antidiabetic action of G. latifolium and justify its ethnomedical use. © 2013 Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd and Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine.	α-amyrin cinnamate; β-amyrin cinnamate; Antihyperglycemic; Gongronema latifolium; Insulin release	alpha amyrin; antidiabetic agent; beta amyrin; cinnamic acid; glibenclamide; glucose; Gongronema latifolium extract; insulin; lupeol acetate; plant extract; triterpenoid; unclassified drug; animal cell; animal experiment; antidiabetic activity; Apocynaceae; article; column chromatography; comparative study; controlled study; diabetes mellitus; female; glucose blood level; Gongronema latifolium; in vitro study; in vivo study; insulin release; insulin response; liquid chromatography; male; nonhuman; oral glucose tolerance test; plant root; plant stem; priority journal; rat; antihyperglycemic; Gongronema latifolium; insulin release; α-amyrin cinnamate; β-amyrin cinnamate; Animals; Asclepiadaceae; Blood Glucose; Cell Line, Tumor; Chromatography, Liquid; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucose; Glyburide; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulinoma; Male; Methanol; Oleanolic Acid; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Plant Stems; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930244335	Sub-acute evaluation of extract of syzygium malaccense in albino rats	Adebayo A.H., Ogundare O.C., Adegbite O.S.	2015	Research Journal of Medicinal Plant	9	2	10.3923/rjmp.2015.60.71	Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology Covenant University, PMB 1023, Canaan Land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Biochemistry Unit, Department of Science and Laboratory Technology, School	Adebayo, A.H., Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology Covenant University, PMB 1023, Canaan Land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ogundare, O.C., Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology Covenant University, PMB 1023, Canaan Land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Science and Laboratory Technology, School of Technology, Lagos State Polytechnic Ikorodu, PMB, 21606, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria; Adegbite, O.S., Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology Covenant University, PMB 1023, Canaan Land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	The study was aimed at investigating the sub-acute evaluation of the extract of Syzygium malaccense in albino rats. Five groups of eight rats per group were orally administered with graded 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg kgG1 b.wt. doses of the extract for 28 days. Blood samples of the sacrificed rats were collected for biochemical and haematological studies while liver and kidney tissues were used for histopathological assessment. The results showed an LD50 of 1224.75 mg kgG1 b.wt. with no significant (p>0.05) changes in weight of organs tested. Biochemical parameters such as AST, ALP, protein and albumin levels in all the treated animals did not change significantly, however, there was significant (p<0.05) change in the activity of ALT as well as haematological parameters such as RBC, WBC, HGB, platelet counts, MCV and MCH when compared with the control group. The results from histopathology showed an inflammation of the liver cells at doses beyond 100 mg kgG1 b.wt. but there was no significant damage to the kidney tissue. It may be concluded that the extract of S. malaccense possesses the tendency of affecting the haematopoietic elements and may also alter the structural integrity of the liver tissue if ingested at higher doses. © 2015 Academic Journals Inc.	Biochemical parameters; Haematological indices; Histopathology; Myrtaceae; Syzygium malaccense	albumin; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; hemoglobin; plant extract; protein; Syzygium malaccense extract; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal tissue; Article; blood sampling; controlled study; drug safety; enzyme activity; erythrocyte count; hepatitis; histopathology; LD50; leukocyte count; liver cell; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume; nonhuman; organ weight; phytochemistry; rat; Syzygium; Syzygium malaccense; thrombocyte count; toxicity testing; Animalia; Myrtaceae; Rattus; Syzygium malaccense	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908137311	Discontinuities effect on drilling condition and performance of selected rocks in Nigeria	Adebayo B., Bello W.A.	2014	International Journal of Mining Science and Technology	24	5	10.1016/j.ijmst.2014.07.008	Department of Mining Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Adebayo, B., Department of Mining Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Bello, W.A., Department of Mining Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	The study examined joint discontinuity spacing effect on drilling condition and performance in selected rocks in Ilorin and Ibese areas, Nigeria. Five samples for each rock type (gneiss and limestone) were tested in the laboratory for chemical, physical and mechanical properties. Dip direction and joint spacing were measured using compass clinometers. The chemical composition was determined using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer. The results show that gneiss has SiO2 of 61.88% and limestone has CaO content of 52.3%. The average dry density of gneiss and limestone are 2.6 and 2.39 g/cm3, respectively. The uniaxial compressive strength of gneiss and limestone are 195 and 93.83 MPa, respectively. These rocks are classified as strong and moderately strong rock. Gneiss and limestone have mean joint discontinuity spacing of 0.79 and 0.25 m, which classified them as moderate and wide joint spacing respectively. Joint spacing was correlated with specific energy, bit wear and uniaxial compressive using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The regression model has multiple coefficient of correlation of R2 = 0.791 and R2 = 0.995 for gneiss and limestone, respectively. The variation in joint spacing could be attributed to specific energy, bit wear and uniaxial compressive strength which affect drilling condition and performance. Ultimately, as joint spacing gets closer, the drilling velocity increases, drill string will be stable. © 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of China University of Mining & Technology.	Composition; Gneiss; Joint spacing; Limestone; Regression	Limestone; Gneiss; Joint spacing; Nigeria; Regression; Chemical analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878114883	Improving yield performance of Pleurotus pulmonarius through hyphal anastomosis fusion of dikaryons	Adebayo E.A., Oloke J.K., Yadav A., Barooah M., Bora T.C.	2013	World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology	29	6	10.1007/s11274-013-1266-8	Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Biotechnology Division, North East Institute of Science and Technology, CSIR, Jorhat, 785006 Assam, India; Department of Agricultural Biotech	Adebayo, E.A., Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Oloke, J.K., Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Yadav, A., Biotechnology Division, North East Institute of Science and Technology, CSIR, Jorhat, 785006 Assam, India; Barooah, M., Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, 13, India; Bora, T.C., Biotechnology Division, North East Institute of Science and Technology, CSIR, Jorhat, 785006 Assam, India	High production and good quality are always the principal goals for agriculturally important crops, without the exception of mushrooms. P. pulmonarius is one of the commercially important edible mushrooms throughout the world. The yield performance improvement was carried out by cross bred P. pulmonarius with P. sapidus and P. ostreatus. The highest rate of 0.587 mm/days for spawn ramification and 53.33 % for percentage spawn productivity were obtained in hybrids LN LL910. The least day (11 and 12th) of the primodia mushroom sporophore were recorded in LL910 and LN 97 respectively, while longest day of 19th was recorded in wild type (NE 07). The highest biological efficiency (109.30 %) and production rate (3.77 %) obtained by LL910, while the least of 33.0 and 0.79 % were obtained by NE 07 for biological efficiency and production rate respectively. The morphological and molecular characterization of the hybrid strains established their true variation from their wild type. LL 910 (JF68088) is located at seventh subclusters from the root with boostrap value of 32 %, while only one parent (LAU 09: JF736658) out of the two has the close boostrap value of 43 % at the first subcluster to the root, with the other parent LAU 10 (JF736659) shows distance relationship after Blast. LN 97 (JF680992) is located at outgroup, while the parent strains NE 07 (boostrap value: 11 %) and LAU 09 (boostrap value: 44 %) located at tenth and second subclusters respectively. The results obtained from this study have shown the improved performance of the hybrids strain over wild type strains. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Hybridization; Mushroom; Performance; Pleurotus; Yield	Hybridization; Mushroom; Performance; Pleurotus; Yield; Biology; Chemistry; Fungi; fungal DNA; article; biomass; chemistry; chimera; cross breeding; DNA sequence; genetic variability; genetics; growth, development and aging; molecular genetics; nucleotide sequence; Pleurotus; Biomass; Chimera; Crosses, Genetic; DNA, Fungal; Genetic Variation; Molecular Sequence Data; Pleurotus; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Basidiomycota; Pleurotus; Pleurotus ostreatus; Pleurotus pulmonarius; Pleurotus sapidus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73949140351	Growth performance and meat wholesomeness of broiler chickens reared on different types of litter materials	Adebayo I.A., Awoniyi T.A.M., Akenroye A.H.	2009	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	7	04-Mar	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Food Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Adebayo, I.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria; Awoniyi, T.A.M., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, Nigeria; Akenroye, A.H., Department of Food Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	In an experiment carried out to determine the effects of using different litter materials on the growth performance and wholesomeness of broiler meat for consumption, one hundred and fifty day old broiler chicks were purchased from a commercial hatchery. The chicks were reared for eight weeks and thereafter examined for carcass quality and bacterial load. Wood shavings (control) and saw-dusts, both from Brachystegia eurycoma wood; ricehusks, sand and grass (Eleusine indica) were used as the study litter materials. These constituted the five treatments, each replicated thrice in a completely randomized design. Ten broiler chicks were weighed and randomly assigned per replicate. Data were taken per replicate on weekly basis. The results showed that birds reared on rice husks were significantly affected (P&lt;0.05) in weight gain in the first two weeks of the experiment, while feed consumption and feed conversion ratios were not significantly affected (P&gt;0.05) by all the treatments. Belly fat alone was significantly affected (P&lt;0.05) by type of litter materials in all carcass and organ parameters tested. Mortality rate of experimental birds were less than 3.5% throughout the period of the experiment. Bacterial counts of 3.4 x 103 and 7.5 x 103 colonies formed per unit (CFU) were found in the duodenum of broilers reared on grass and wood shavings, respectively. Bacterial isolates from the pure cultures included Streptococcus faecalis, Esherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella and Salmonella species. These results showed that any of the litter materials used in this study could be used for rearing broiler chickens on a deep litter system. Also, meat of broiler chickens reared on the study litter materials are safe and wholesome for human consumption.	Bacteriological condition; Broiler chickens; Growth performance; Litter materials	animal food; article; bacterial count; bird; carcass; chicken; colony forming unit; food intake; grass; hatchery; Klebsiella; meat industry; mortality; nonhuman; Salmonella; sand; Staphylococcus aureus; wood; Aves; Bacteria (microorganisms); Brachystegia; Eleusine indica; Enterococcus faecalis; Eurycoma; Gallus gallus; Klebsiella; Salmonella; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83455236158	Evaluation of West African dwarf goat for some qualitative traits in Southwestern Nigeria	Adebayo J.O., Chineke C.A.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	28	10.5897/AJAR09.299	Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Adebayo, J.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Chineke, C.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Two hundred West African Dwarf (WAD) goats aged 1 to 6 years were examined during a ten months period, from October 2003 to July 2004 in randomly selected locations within Southwestern zone of Nigeria. Qualitative traits namely coat colour, polled trait, presence or absence of teat, wattle and beard were examined and described in all the experimental animals. Black colour observed in 54% of the animals predominated while brown and mixed colours accounted for 16 and 30% of all the animals respectively. All goats studied irrespective of sex were horned. The goats had a pair of teat each except eight goats with supernumerary teats. Possession of beard was common in all bucks observed, but 8.5% of the females had beard. About 36.5% of all the WAD goats examined possessed wattle. The phenotypic frequency of wattle and beard in WAD population was 0.37 and 0.21 respectively. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Frequencies; Management; Qualitative traits; West African dwarf (WAD) goat	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947114792	Effect of caffeine on the risk of coronary heart disease - A re-evaluation	Adebayo J.O., Akinyinka A.O., Odewole G.A., Okwusidi J.I.	2007	Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry	22	1	10.1007/BF02912877	Dept. of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Adebayo, J.O., Dept. of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Akinyinka, A.O., Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Odewole, G.A., Dept. of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Okwusidi, J.I., Dept. of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	The effect of caffeine intake on the risk of coronary heart disease was studied. Twenty-one rats used were randomly divided into three experimental groups, the first group served as the control while the second and third groups were administered caffeine orally at doses of 10mg/kg body weight and 20mg/kg body weight respectively for fourteen days. Caffeine, at 10mg/kg body weight, significantly increased (P<0.05) serum LDL- cholesterol concentration and coronary heart disease risk ratio while it significantly reduced (P<0.05) serum triacylglycerol concentration when compared with controls. At 20mg/kg body weight, caffeine significantly increased (P<0.05) coronary heart disease risk ratio while it significantly reduced (P<0.05) serum HDL-cholesterol concentration and serum triacylgycerol concentration when compared with controls. No dose response effect was observed possibly suggestive of a threshold effect. These results suggest that caffeine predisposes consumers of caffeine containing beverages to coronary heart disease.	Blood lipids; Caffeine; Coronary heart disease	caffeine; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; triacylglycerol; animal experiment; animal model; article; cardiovascular risk; cholesterol blood level; concentration (parameters); controlled study; dose response; drug activity; drug effect; drug mechanism; ischemic heart disease; lipid analysis; male; nonhuman; protein determination; rat; risk assessment; statistical analysis; triacylglycerol blood level; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84917726730	Impact of density on highest and best use of residential lands in metropolitan lagos	Adebayo M.A., Ogunleye M.B.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	27	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n27p1698	Department of Estate Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Adebayo, M.A., Department of Estate Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Ogunleye, M.B., Department of Estate Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	The aim of this study is to examine the impact of density on the highest and best use (HBU) of residential estate lands in metropolitan Lagos. The lists of estates (sampling frame) was arranged into three strata of low, medium, and high density of which one estate is purposively chosen from each stratum.The sampled estates are Ikeja GRA (low density), Ajao Estate, Isolo (medium density), and Oyadiran Estate, Yaba (high density). A total of 808 questionnaires were administered on the landlords but 542 were returned and used for the study. The data collected were analysed with the Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and Analysis of Variance-ANOVA. The study showed that the factors determining HBU in low, medium, and high density estates are different but the strongest factor common to all is accommodation units. It is therefore, recommended that residential land developers should take note of the difference in the determining factors so as to achieve the highest and best use of their land resource. © 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All right reserved.	Highest and best use; Housing estate; Lagos metropolis; Residential density	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905665135	Performance-based grouping of adapted and exotic droughttolerant maize (zea mays L) inbred lines under stressed and nonstressed conditions	Adebayo M.A., Menkir A., Blay E., Gracen V., Danquaha E.Y.	2014	Maydica	59	2	None	West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Adebayo, M.A., West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Menkir, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; Blay, E., West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Gracen, V., West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Danquaha, E.Y., West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Knowledge of the heterotic responses of elite adapted and exotic maize inbred lines can facilitate their utilization for population improvement and hybrid development. In the present study, a line x tester mating design was used to determine the combining ability of 20 elite drought-tolerant maize inbred lines developed at CIMMYT and IITA and to classify them into heterotic groups under diverse growing conditions. The 20 lines were crossed each with two inbred line testers representing the tropical and temperate heterotic pattern established in West and Cental Africa (WCA), to generate 40 testcrosses. A trial comprising the 40 testcrosses along with the cross between the two testers and three hybrid checks were evaluated at two environments in the dry season and at six environments in the rainy season. GCA effects were more important than SCA effects in controlling grain yield in both seasons. Two exotic lines in the dry season and four exotic lines in the rainy season had significantly positive GCA effects. Only EXL22 was identified as a superior line in the two seasons. Only two adapted lines had significantly positive GCA effects in either or both seasons while three adapted lines consistently had significantly negative GCA effects in both seasons. Hybrid between EXL22 and tester 9071 showed broad adaptation to all test environments. The two testers separated some of the lines into two main heterotic groups. the lines in each heterotic group and the good combiners will be utilized for developing populations for extracting new improved inbred lines.	Combining ability; Exotic germplasm; Heterotic grouping; Maize; Tester	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857798145	Reproductive performance of partial gonadectomized male African catfish, Clarias gariepinus broodstocks	Adebayo O.T., Fasakin E.A., Adewumi J.A.	2012	Theriogenology	77	6	10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.09.027	Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Adebayo, O.T., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Fasakin, E.A., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Adewumi, J.A., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of partial gonadectomy on reproductive performance of male Clarias gariepinus broodstock. Testes from C. gariepinus broodstock were surgically removed; 25% of the testes (Treatment 1), 50% of the testes (Treatment 2), 75% of the testes (Treatment 3), and removal of the sperm from the testes sac using syringe after the abdominal cavity had been cut open (Treatment 4) {control}. The incisions were sutured and the fish kept inside separate concrete tanks for 4 mo. The incisions closed up within 8 to 9 wk of surgery. The postsurgical survival of C. gariepinus was 100%, indicating the efficiency of the surgical procedure. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in sperm production, percentage fertilization, hatchability and survival of the larvae using sperm derived from regenerated testes of the partially gonadectomized C. gariepinus and nongonadectomized C. gariepinus. It also reveals that partial gonadectomy could not alter the quality of sperm production of C. gariepinus. Sperm derived from regenerated testes performed effectively for fertilization of eggs. Based on the results of this study, the removal of 75% of testes during partial gonadectomy proved to be the best as the total number of spermatozoa was more than that of other methods and the sperm was able to fertilize more eggs. Hence the removal of 75% of testis during partial gonadectomy of C. gariepinus is recommended based on the results of this study. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.	Clarias gariepinus; Gonadectomy; Reproductive performance; Sperm quality	animal; animal disease; aquaculture; article; catfish; female; male; physiology; regeneration; semen analysis; sperm retrieval; testis; Animals; Aquaculture; Catfishes; Female; Male; Regeneration; Semen Analysis; Sperm Retrieval; Testis; Clarias gariepinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960402524	Quality evaluation of weaning food produced from blend of ofada rice (Oryza sativa) and bambara groundnut (Voandzeia subterranean L.)	Adebayo-Oyetoro A.O., Olatidoye O.P., Ogundipe O.O., Balogun O.I., Faboya A.O.	2011	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	10	6	None	Department of Food Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria	Adebayo-Oyetoro, A.O., Department of Food Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria; Olatidoye, O.P., Department of Food Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria; Ogundipe, O.O., Department of Food Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria; Balogun, O.I., Department of Food Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria; Faboya, A.O., Department of Food Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria	Ofada rice and bambara ground nut were processed into flour, mixed in the ratios of 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30 respectively and chemical, functional, rheological and sensory properties were evaluated. Data obtained indicated a decreasing trend with increases in the level of substitution with respects to water absorption and swelling capacities while the bulk density increases with increase in level of substitution. Proximate composition data indicated an increasing level of protein, fat, ash, 19.64-21.10%; 4.78-6.1% and 1.78-2.0% respectively. Carbohydrate content decreased with increasing level of substitution with bambara nut (64.5-58.8%).The peak viscosity of unsubtituted flour was significantly higher them other samples (p<0.05). Similar trends were obtained with respect to breakdown. Apart from adding value and varieties to meal due to textural improvement, fortifying ofada rice with bambara flour at 20% level would produce a more nutritionally balance and acceptable product which will reduce problem of food security among children in Nigeria where malnutrition due protein deficiency is prevalent.	Bambara nut; Functional properties; Ofada rice; Rheological properties; Weaning food	Arachis hypogaea; Bambara; Oryza sativa; Voandzeia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919339002	Evaluation of the indications and arrhythmic patterns of 24 hour Holter electrocardiography among hypertensive and diabetic patients seen at OAUTHC, lle-lfe Nigeria	Adebayo R.A., Ikwu A.N., Balogun M.O., Akintomide A.O., Mene-Afejuku T.O., Adeyeye V.O., Bamikole O.J., Bisiriyu L.A., Ajayi O.E., Ogunyemi S.A., Oketona O.A.	2014	Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy	7	None	10.2147/DMSO.S68408	Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria	Adebayo, R.A., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Ikwu, A.N., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Balogun, M.O., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Akintomide, A.O., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Mene-Afejuku, T.O., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Adeyeye, V.O., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Bamikole, O.J., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Bisiriyu, L.A., Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Ajayi, O.E., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Ogunyemi, S.A., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria; Oketona, O.A., Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, lle-lfe, Osun State, Nigeria	Background: There are very limited published studies in Nigeria on the use of 24 hour Holter electrocardiogram (Holter ECG) in the arrhythmic evaluation of hypertensive and diabetic patients.Objective: To evaluate indications, arrhythmic pattern of Holter ECG, and heart rate variability (HRV) among patients with hypertensive heart disease (HHD) with or without heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) seen in our cardiac care unit.Methods: Seventy-nine patients (32 males and 47 females) were studied consecutively over a year using Schiller type (MT-101) Holter ECG machine.Results: Out of the 79 patients, 17 (21.5%) had HHD without heart failure, 33 (41.8%) had HHD with hypertensive heart failure (HHF), while 29 (36.7%) were T2DM patients. The mean (standard deviation) ages of HHD without heart failure, HHF and T2DM patients were 59.65 (±14.38), 65.15 (±14.30), and 54.66 (±8.88) respectively. The commonest indication for Holter ECG was palpitation (38%), followed by syncope (20.3%). Premature ventricular contraction was the commonest arrhythmic pattern among the 79 patients, especially among HHF patients. The HRV using standard deviation of all normal-normal intervals was significantly reduced inT2DM patients (81.03±26.33, confidence interval [CI] =71.02–91.05) compared to the HHD without heart failure (119.65±29.86, CI =104.30–135.00) and HHF (107.03±62.50, CI =84.00–129.19). There was a negative correlation between the duration of T2DM and HRV (r=–0.613).Conclusion: Palpitation was the commonest Holter ECG indication and premature ventricular contractions were the commonest arrhythmic pattern among our patients. HRV was reduced in T2DM patients compared with hypertensive patients. © 2014 Adebayo et al.	Arrhythmias; Diabetes mellitus; Holter electrocardiography; Hypertension; Nigerians	adult; aged; Article; autonomic neuropathy; clinical evaluation; controlled study; coronary care unit; correlational study; diabetes mellitus; disease association; dyspnea; faintness; female; heart arrhythmia; heart failure; heart palpitation; heart rate variability; heart ventricle extrasystole; Holter monitor; Holter monitoring; human; hypertension; major clinical study; male; middle aged; Nigeria; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; patient monitoring; sex ratio; symptomatology; thorax pain; treatment indication	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84918513445	Evaluation of neuropharmacological effects of aqueous leaf extract of Albizia glaberrima (Leguminosae) in mice	Adebesin I.F., Akindele A.J., Adeyemi O.O.	2014	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	160	None	10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.040	Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), University of Lagos, Idi-Araba Campus, P.M.B., Lagos, Nigeria	Adebesin, I.F., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), University of Lagos, Idi-Araba Campus, P.M.B., Lagos, Nigeria; Akindele, A.J., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), University of Lagos, Idi-Araba Campus, P.M.B., Lagos, Nigeria; Adeyemi, O.O., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), University of Lagos, Idi-Araba Campus, P.M.B., Lagos, Nigeria	Ethnopharmacological relevance Albizia glaberrima is a shrub found in the deciduous forest and jungle of the coastal plain of West Africa. Preparations of the plant are used traditionally in the treatment of fever, pain and central nervous system disorders, including epilepsy. This study was conducted to investigate the neuropharmacological effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Albizia glaberrima in mice. Materials and methods The hole-board, elevated plus-maze, thiopentone-induced sleep (anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic), traction, climbing, inclined screen (muscle relaxant), strychnine-, picrotoxin- and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsion (anticonvulsant) tests were employed in this study. Results Albizia glaberrima extract at 200 mg/kg significantly increased the duration of head dips (p&lt;0.05) and number of open arms entry (p&lt;0.01) compared with control in the hole-board and elevated plus-maze tests, respectively. At 400 mg/kg, Albizia glaberrima extract significantly reduced the number of sectional crossings relative to control. The extract at 400 mg/kg significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased the duration of sleep compared with control in the thiopentone-induced hypnosis test. Albizia glaberrima extract at 200 mg/kg and diazepam (5 mg/kg) significantly (p&lt;0.05, 0.01) increased the post-treatment climbing time and reduced the latency to slide down in the climbing and inclined screen tests, respectively. The extract was not effective in the strychnine-induced seizure model, while in the picrotoxin test Albizia glaberrima extract at 100 mg/kg significantly (p&lt;0.05) reduced the duration of convulsion while reducing mortality at 400 mg/kg, as was the case with diazepam (2 mg/kg). The extract and diazepam significantly (p&lt;0.01, 0.001) increased onset and reduced duration of convulsion, with significant level of protection against convulsion and reduction in mortality in the PTZ-induced seizure model. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of phenols&gt;tannins&gt;saponins&gt;flavonoids. The extract was found to be relatively non-toxic when administered p.o. up to 5000 mg/kg and the LD50 was 398.11 mg/kg when administered i.p. Conclusions The aqueous leaf extract of Albizia glaberrima possesses dose-dependent anxiolytic/muscle relaxant (low dose) and sedative-hypnotic/anticonvulsant (high dose) activities possibly mediated via enhancement of GABAergic inhibitory actions.	Albizia glaberrima; Anticonvulsant; Anxiolytic; Muscle relaxant; Sedative-hypnotic	Albizia glaberrima extract; diazepam; flavonoid; pentetrazole; phenol derivative; picrotoxin; plant extract; saponin; strychnine; tannin derivative; thiopental; unclassified drug; plant extract; acute toxicity; Albizia; Albizia glaberrima; animal experiment; Article; climbing; controlled study; convulsion; disease duration; elevated plus maze test; gnawing; hole board test; inclined screen test; mortality; mouse; neuropharmacology; nonhuman; pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure; phytochemistry; plant leaf; reaction time; seizure; sleep time; traction test; Albizia; animal; animal behavior; chemically induced; chemistry; dose response; drug effects; male; Seizures; Albizia; Fabaceae; Mus; Strychnos toxifera; Albizzia; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Mice; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Seizures	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892557393	Effect of multiple taxation on the performance of small and medium scale business enterprises. (A study of West African Ceremics Ajeokuta, Kogi State)	Adebisi J.F., Gbegi D.O.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	6	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n6p323	Nigerian college of Accountancy, Jos, Nigeria; Department of Accounting, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria	Adebisi, J.F., Nigerian college of Accountancy, Jos, Nigeria; Gbegi, D.O., Department of Accounting, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria	This study is on the effect of multiple taxation on the performance of small and medium scale enterprises. Over the years, small and medium scale enterprises have been an avenue of job creation and the empowerment of Nigeria's citizen, providing about 50% of all jobs in Nigeria and also for local capital formation. However, the mortality rate of these small firms is very high. Among the factors responsible for these untimely close-ups are tax related issues, ranging from multiple taxation to enormous tax burdens. The study therefore examines the effect of multiple taxation on SMEs survival. The study involved a survey research design with a population of 91. The researchers derived their sample size to arrive at 74 and a self administered questionnaire was used to collect data. These data was quantitatively analyzed with simple percentages and tested the research hypothesis with ANOVA. Findings revealed that multiple taxation has negative effect on SMEs' survival and the relationship between SMEs' size and its ability to pay taxes is significant. We therefore recommends that government should come up with a uniform tax policies that will favour the development of SMEs in Nigeria and government should put into consideration the size of SMEs when setting tax policies.	Economic growth; Multiple taxations; SMEs mortality; SMEs performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865466015	Performance and stability of seed yield in rainfed sesame genotypes as influenced by plant population density	Adebisi M.A., Ajala M.O.	2006	Tropical Agriculture	83	04-Jan	None	Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Adebisi, M.A., Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ajala, M.O., Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	A study was conducted to determine the performance and stability of seed yield in 14 sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes which were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications at three plant population densities in South-West Nigeria in each of two years. Two stability parameters were obtained (i) as the linear regression (b value) of genotype mean yield in each environment and the deviations from the regression (S 2d). The genotypes evaluated differed significantly for seed yield and genotype x environment (G x E) interactions. Regression coefficients ranged from 0.65-1.25 and were statistically close to unity. One genotype, 530-3, with a regression coefficient value of 1.01 and smaller S2d value and a relatively high seed yield, could be considered the most widely-adapted genotype. Deviations from the regression were significant in all the genotypes. The highest-yielding genotypes appeared less stable than the average of all entries. Three genotypes, Type A, 530-6-1, and Pbtill No. 1 were identified as suitable for cultivation in all the environments. Genotypes E8 and 69B-88Z were identified as desirable genotypes for cultivation in any of the three plant populations. The result pointed out Goza as being most appropriate for cultivation in 133 333 plants ha-1 and 73A-11 and C-K-Z in 266667 plants ha-1, while Domu would be appropriate in 266667 plants ha -1. These genotypes were distinct and therefore deserve a place in commercial seed production and future breeding programmes. ©2006 Trop. Agric. (Trinidad).	Environment; Genotypes; Performance; Plant population density; Stability	Sesamum indicum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054884052	Effects of fruit maturity and pre-sowing water treatment on germinative performance of Gmelina aborea seeds	Adebisi M.A., Adekunle M.F., Odebiyi O.A.	2011	Journal of Tropical Forest Science	23	4	None	University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Adebisi, M.A., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adekunle, M.F., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Odebiyi, O.A., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	The study was initiated to determine the effects of four fruit maturity levels (colour index of maturity: greenish yellow, yellow brown, dark brown, yellow and green) and four pre-sowing water soaking treatments (0, 24, 36 and 48 hours) on five seed germinative performance traits in Gmelina arborea. Significant differences were exhibited among the fruit maturity levels and pre-sowing water treatments for all the five traits evaluated. Differences in these five traits between maturity levels were significantly influenced by pre-sowing water treatments. Seeds soaked in water for 48 hours had the highest germinative performance traits. Seeds obtained from yellow brown fruits gave superior germinative performance traits, followed closely by seeds from yellow fruits. Seeds of dark brown fruit had poor germinative performance traits. Standard germination of yellow brown fruit exhibited strong relationships with seedling length, seedling vigour index and germinative index while good relationship was found between plumule length and seedling vigour index under all fruit maturity levels except dark brown fruits. Seeds from yellow brown fruits with the best germinative performance traits when soaked in water for 48 hours were recommended for producing good and robust seedlings in forest plantation establishment. © Forest Research Institute Malaysia.	Correlation; Fruit colour; Maturation level; Relationship; Seed quality; Soaking; Vigour	Maturation level; Relationship; Seed quality; Soaking; Vigour; Forestry; Seed; Water treatment; Fruits; color morph; correlation; deciduous tree; food quality; fruit; germination; maturation; performance assessment; plantation; vigor; water treatment; Forestry; Fruits; Seeds; Water Treatment; Gmelina; Gmelina arborea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746513104	Geophysical and geotechnical evaluation of foundation conditions of a site in Ago-Iwoye area, southwestern Nigeria	Adebisi N.O., Oloruntola M.O.	2006	Journal of Mining and Geology	42	1	None	Department of Earth Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria	Adebisi, N.O., Department of Earth Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oloruntola, M.O., Department of Earth Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria	Geophysical and geotechnical studies were carried out to investigate the foundation conditions of a proposed structure in Ago-Iwoye area, southwestern Nigeria. Ago-Iwoye area is underlain mainly by porphyroblastic granite gneiss, biotite granite gneiss, biotite hornblende gneiss, porphygilitic granite pegmatite and aplite. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) revealed three different lithological layers, with apparent resistivities of 261?m, 85.?m and 170.2m respectively. These represent the lateritic horizon, underlain by a layer of wet plastic clay and the third layer is a gravelly sandy horizon, occurring at a depth of about 3.7m. The horizontal profiling on the other hand revealed a subsurface that is laterally inhomogeneous, with the variation in resistivities being very slight along 2nd profile to very high along 3rd and 4th profiles. The cone penetration tests (CPT) also revealed that the lithology of the soil vary from point to point across the study area, with cone resistance of 5-28 Kg/cm2 obtained for a depth of 0.00- 0.20m, 10-250 Kg/cm2 for a depth of 0.20m-2.00m and 40-250Kg/cm2 for a depth of 2.00m to 4.00m. The results obtained from this study have emphasized the usefulness of geophysical methods in complimenting geotechnical studies in establishing variation in lithology accompanied by variation in the allowable bearing pressure of foundation soils. © Nigerian Mining and Geosciences Society (NMGS).	None	electrical resistivity; foundation; geotechnical engineering; lithology; vertical electrical sounding; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052578289	Impacts of bitumen deposit on surface waters: A case study of physico-chemical properties of surface waters in the Southwestern Nigerian bitumen deposit area	Adebiyi F.M., Asubiojo O.I.	2011	Management of Environmental Quality	22	5	10.1108/14777831111159761	Chemistry Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria	Adebiyi, F.M., Chemistry Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; Asubiojo, O.I., Chemistry Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria	Purpose: This paper aims to examine the quality of the surface waters of the bitumen deposit area of Nigeria and also to establish the relationship between the deposit and the waters. Design/methodology/approach: Physico-chemical parameters were measured using standard analytical procedures, while the elemental contents were determined using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Data acquired were interpreted using statistical techniques - charts, t-test, pollution index (PI) and cross-plot analysis. Findings: A river located close to the bitumen well contained the highest concentrations of metals that are known to be associated with hydrocarbon formation. Comparison of the levels of the analyzed parameters in the waters with their standard permissible limits showed that the levels of Cl<UP>-</UP>, SO<DN>4</DN><UP>2-</UP>, total alkalinity and Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in the river very close to the capped bitumen well and big rivers were high and low in the small streams. This was corroborated by their pollution index values. Results of the cross-plot analysis of the waters-river close to bitumen well/bitumen (R<UP>2</UP>=0.5); small streams/bitumen (R<UP>2</UP>=0.8) and big rivers/bitumen (R<UP>2</UP>=0.2) showed moderate; strong and weak positive correlations respectively, suggesting moderate, strong and weak inter-element correlations respectively between the sets of waters and the Nigerian bitumen deposit, and also establishing relationships between the deposit and the surface waters. Originality/value: The paper provides insight into the potability of the waters; establishment of the inter-element relationship between the bitumen deposit and the waters. These results can serve as a fingerprint for bitumen exploration elsewhere and for similar mineral deposit settings. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Bitumen; Nigeria; Physico-chemical parameters; Surface water; TXRF; Water	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958704924	The ecological impact of used petrochemical oils on soil properties with special reference to physicochemical and total petroleum hydrocarbon contents of soils around automobile repair workshops	Adebiyi F.M., Afedia M.O.	2011	Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects	33	16	10.1080/15567030903397883	Department of Chemistry, Environmental Pollution Research Laboratory, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria	Adebiyi, F.M., Department of Chemistry, Environmental Pollution Research Laboratory, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria; Afedia, M.O., Department of Chemistry, Environmental Pollution Research Laboratory, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria	Soils around automobile repair workshops were analyzed for physicochemical, elemental, and hydrocarbon contents with a notion to assess the contamination level of the soils via petrochemicals mishandling. The soils were collected using standard analytical procedures, while their elemental contents were determined using bulk scientific atomic absorption spectrometry/atomic emission spectrometry techniques. Total petroleum hydrocarbons, which are known to be potential carcinogens and physicochemical parameters-pH, Cl-, CO 3 2-, electrical conductivity, and organic matter contents-were determined using standard analytical techniques. Ten elements-Mn, Zn, K, Na, Cu, Fe, Ni, Cr, V, and Pb-were analyzed and detected and their concentrations, the enrichment factors, Pollution Index, and Geoaccumulation Index values were established. The concentrations of K, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Cu were higher in the oil-contaminated soils than those of other Nigerian soils, while the values of the physicochemical parameters (CO3 2-, Cl- and electrical conductivity) followed the same trend. The results of the Geoaccumulation Index indicated that the soils were very heavily polluted with all the metals (Geoaccumulation Index values &gt; 5), except V (4 &lt; Igeo &lt; 5) which heavily polluted and Pb (2 &lt; Igeo &lt; 3) which moderately polluted the soils. These results were corroborated by their values, which were excessive when compared with their tolerable limits. The total petroleum hydrocarbons of the soils were detected at high levels when compared with studies of similar settings. The overall results showed that the soils of the area were highly contaminated and might be detrimental to living existence. Copyright © Taylor &amp; Francis Group, LLC.	atomic absorption spectrometry; atomic emission spectrometry; element; petrochemical; physicochemical; soil	Analytical procedure; Analytical techniques; Atomic emission spectrometry; Contamination levels; Ecological impacts; Electrical conductivity; element; Elemental contents; Emission spectrometry; Enrichment factors; Geo-accumulation index; Hydrocarbon content; Nigerians; Oil contaminated soil; physicochemical; Physicochemical parameters; Pollution index; Soil property; Total petroleum hydrocarbons; Absorption; Absorption spectroscopy; Atoms; Chlorine; Chromium; Electric conductivity; Hydrocarbons; Lead; Manganese; Petrochemicals; Petroleum chemistry; Pollution detection; Sodium; Soils; Spectrometry; Zinc; Soil pollution	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939496139	Evaluation of Trace Metals and Physical Properties of Nigerian Crude Oil Saturate Fraction	Adebiyi F.M., Adebiyi A.Y.	2015	Petroleum Science and Technology	33	12	10.1080/10916466.2015.1065277	Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adebiyi, F.M., Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adebiyi, A.Y., Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Analyses of trace elements and physical properties of the saturate fraction of Nigerian crude oil were done in order to establish the characteristics that may aid the developmental processes of the natural resources. Crude oil samples were collected from three different oil fields in Niger-Delta area of Nigeria. The saturate fractions were eluted by column chromatography using n-hexane. The saturate fractions were investigated for functional groups using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR); the elemental concentrations were determined using Atomic absorption spectrometry, while the physical properties (flash point, ash content, refractive index, and color) were determined using standard analytical methods. The results revealed that the infrared spectra of the saturate fraction of the Nigerian crude oil showed mainly the presence of C-H(CH<inf>3</inf>) and C-H(CH<inf>2</inf>) functional groups, indicating high purity of the samples. The concentrations of the analyzed elements (Mn, Cu, Co, Zn, Fe, V, Cr, and Ni) in the saturate fraction were generally low compared to other fractions of Nigerian crude oil. This study revealed that Co has the highest mean concentration of 1.81 ± 0.36 mg/L, while Mn has the lowest mean concentration of 0.04 ± 0.02 mg/L. The t test values for the comparison of the elemental concentrations of Nigerian crude oil /saturate fraction and crude oil asphaltene/saturate fraction showed significant difference (except Mn) with respect to Nigerian crude oil /saturate fraction. The cluster analysis for the elements showed two groups, which are fairly well correlated indicating similar source and similar chemical affinity. The cross-plot analysis of the Nigerian crude oil and its saturate using elemental concentrations as the variables showed a strong positive inter element correlation since (R2 = 0.71), establishing a relationship between the Nigerian crude oil and the saturate fraction. The color of the saturate fraction ranged from off-white to colorless. The results of analysis provide useful information on its conversion mechanism and environmental implications of the development of the fossil fuel deposit. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 2015.	crude oil; functional group; physical properties; saturate; trace metal	Absorption spectroscopy; Atomic absorption spectrometry; Chemical analysis; Chromatography; Cluster analysis; Column chromatography; Crude oil; Fossil fuel deposits; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Functional groups; Hexane; Infrared spectroscopy; Manganese; Metal analysis; Oil fields; Physical properties; Refractive index; Spectrometry; Trace elements; Chemical affinities; Conversion mechanism; Element correlations; Elemental concentrations; Environmental implications; Fourier transform infrared spectrometry; saturate; Trace metal; Petroleum analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859497377	Tocopherol supplementation on stocking density of broiler: Effect on performance characteristics and serum enzymes	Adebiyi O.A.	2011	Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems	14	2	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adebiyi, O.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	A total of two hundred and seventy day-old Arbor Acre strain of broiler chicks were used for this research. Five treatment: T1 - positive control (10 birds/m2), T2 - negative control, T3, T4 and T5 had 20 birds/m2. T1 and T2 had no supplementation with vitamin E (d1-α-tocopheryl acetate). T3, T4 and T5 had 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 150 mg/kg vitamin E supplementations respectively. Feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and weight gain and serum enzymes (Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)) were determined. There were no significant changes in the weight gain and final weight of the birds fed the different dietary treatments. The feed intake increased significantly in birds fed T2 (1.91kg) and compared to their counterpart on vitamin E supplementation (from 1.58 to 1.60 kg). However, FCR of birds on diets T1 (2.50), T4 (2.77) and T5 (2.50) was similar (P>0.05). The total protein and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) values were neither affected by increased stocking density nor with or without vitamin E supplementation. However, increased stocking density without vitamin E supplementation (T2) (0.97 U.I/l) resulted in a significant reduction in the albumin values. Although ALT values increased significantly with increase in vitamin E supplementation, the birds on dietary T1 (8.00 U.I/l) had similar level of ALT with their counterpart on T4 (7.50U.I/l) and T5 (8.50 U.I/l). In conclusion broiler chicks could be stocked up to 20 birds/m2 only if the diet is supplemented with 100mg/kg vitamin E.	Broilers; Serum enzymes; Stock density; Vitamin E	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872852835	Evaluation of the nutritional potentials of physically treated cowpea seed hulls in poultry feed	Adebiyi O.A., Ologhobo A.D., Adu O.A., Olasehinde T.O.	2010	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	22	3	None	Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Toxicology, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Institute of Agricultural Research and T	Adebiyi, O.A., Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Toxicology, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ologhobo, A.D., Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Toxicology, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adu, O.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Olasehinde, T.O., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, P. M. B 5029, Ibadan, Nigeria	Feeding has been reported to be responsible for the high cost observed in poultry production. The use of unconventional feedstuff for poultry production is however limited due to their fibrousness and inability of birds to possess the cellulase enzyme that can digest the fibre, nevertheless, physical treatments of these unconventional feedstuffs enhance their possibility in poultry production. The objective of this study therefore, was to evaluate the nutrient status of cowpea seed hull after being subjected to different treatment. The Cowpea seed hull that was not subjected to any form of treatment served as the control i.e. Untreated cowpea seed hull (UCH), while a portion was soaked and boiled (soaked and boiled cowpea seed hull, SBCH) and another portion soaked for 3 days, soaked cowpea seed hull (SCH). The seed hull in each treatment were analysed for their proximate composition, metabolisable energy (ME) and fibre fraction. The trial revealed a steady increase in crude protein (CP) of the test materials with the highest increase (18.43%) in crude protein recorded in SCH substrate compared to 6.73% increase in SBCH substrate. A corresponding decrease in crude fibre (CF) was recorded with 15.00% loss for SCH substrate while 6.97% loss in crude fibre was observed for SBCH substrate. Changes of 1.73% and 4.22% were recorded for nitrogen free extract (NFE) in SBCH and SCH respectively, while ME changes by 1.67% and 5.39% for SBCH and SCH substrates respectively. The effects of both physical treatments on ash and insoluble ash were not significant. Fibre analysis revealed that 7.55% (53.00% to 49.00%) and 18.87% (53.00% to 43.00%) of acid detergent fibre (ADF), 7.41% (81.00% to 75.00%) and 16.05% (81.00% to 68.00%) of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and 2.5% (40.00% to 39.00%) and 22.5% (40.00% to 31.00%) of cellulose were loss in SBCH and SCH substrates respectively. There were no significant effects on the acid detergent lignin (ADL) and hemicellulose components of the test samples due to these physical treatments. The result revealed that the different processing methods resulted in increase in the crude protein contents with a corresponding reduction in crude fibre of the seed hull. The changes observed must have been due to fermentation that occurred during the soaking of the seedhull.	Cowpea seed hull; Fibre fractions; Proximate composition	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904044105	GPS derived TEC and foF2 variability at an equatorial station and the performance of IRI-model	Adebiyi S.J., Odeyemi O.O., Adimula I.A., Oladipo O.A., Ikubanni S.O., Adebesin B.O., Joshua B.W.	2014	Advances in Space Research	54	4	10.1016/j.asr.2014.03.026	Department of Industrial Physics, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Physics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria;	Adebiyi, S.J., Department of Industrial Physics, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria; Odeyemi, O.O., Department of Physics, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Adimula, I.A., Department of Physics, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Oladipo, O.A., Department of Physics, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Ikubanni, S.O., Department of Industrial Physics, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria; Adebesin, B.O., Department of Industrial Physics, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria; Joshua, B.W., Department of Physics, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria	The ionosphere induces a time delay in transionospheric radio signals such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) signal. The Total Electron Content (TEC) is a key parameter in the mitigation of ionospheric effects on transionospheric signals. The delay in GPS signal induced by the ionosphere is proportional to TEC along the path from the GPS satellite to a receiver. The diurnal monthly and seasonal variations of ionospheric electron content were studied during the year 2010, a year of extreme solar minimum (F10.7 = 81 solar flux unit), with data from the GPS receiver and the Digisonde Portable Sounder (DPS) collocated at Ilorin (Geog. Lat. 8.50°N, Long. 4.50°E, dip -7.9°). The diurnal monthly variation shows steady increases in TEC and F2-layer critical frequency (foF2) from pre-dawn minimum to afternoon maximum and then decreases after sunset. TEC show significant seasonal variation during the daytime between 0900 and 1900 UT (LT = UT + 1 h) with a maximum during the March equinox (about 35 TECU) and minimum during the June solstice (about 24 TECU). The GPS-TEC and foF2 values reveal a weak seasonal anomaly and equinoctial asymmetry during the daytime. The variations observed find their explanations in the amount of solar radiation and neutral gas composition. The measured TEC and foF2 values were compared with last two versions of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2007 and IRI-2012) model predictions using the NeQuick and CCIR (International Radio Consultative Committee) options respectively in the model. In general, the two models give foF2 close to the experimental values, whereas significant discrepancies are found in the predictions of TEC from the models especially during the daytime. The error in height dependent thickness parameter, daytime underestimation of equatorial drift and contributions of electrons from altitudes above 2000 km have been suggested as the possible causes. © 2014 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Equator; IRI-model; NmF2; Prediction; TEC	Forecasting; Ionosphere; Ionospheric measurement; Signal receivers; Sun; Equator; International reference ionospheres; IRI-model; NmF2; TEC; Thickness parameters; Total electron content; Transionospheric signals; Global positioning system	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645987566	Evaluation of morpho-agronomic variability of wild and cultivated kola (Cola species Schott et Endl.) in South Western Nigeria	Adebola P.O., Morakinyo J.A.	2006	Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution	53	4	10.1007/s10722-004-3558-1	Plant Breeding Group, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria; Plant Science Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	Adebola, P.O., Plant Breeding Group, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria; Morakinyo, J.A., Plant Science Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	As part of a breeding programme, exploration and systematic selection exercise of kola (Cola spp.) was carried out in Nigeria from the large number of kola populations in the country based mainly on yield and various nut characteristics. The exercise gave rise to a collection of many accessions of the genus including five wild species that are currently being maintained in field genebanks of Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN), Gambari experimental station, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan. In order to fully exploit the variability in these plants for genetic improvement, the plants were characterized and their morphological variability described. A list of descriptors, developed by International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) for Avocado, with modifications was employed recording 60 descriptors consisting of 33 qualitative and 27 quantitative characters. The characterization data revealed enormous morphological variability among the plants studied and have strong bearing on the taxonomy of the groups. The result also confirmed that the wild species of Cola form a special group with enormous agronomic traits that are yet to be exploited in kola breeding. Wild species identified with high nut and pod numbers, thick indehiscent pods and fruit size uniformity is recommended for use in interspecific hybridization programme. © Springer 2006.	Cola species; Genetic improvement; Germplasm evaluation; Morphological variability; Utilization potential; Wild relatives	agronomy; breeding; cultivation; perennial plant; plant community; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Cola; Cola acuminata; Persea americana; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-37049009948	Evaluation of a traditional decoction made from Psidium guajava and Zingiber officinale for anti bacterial activity	Adebolu T.T., Adeboye P.T., Adegbola N.B.	2007	Research Journal of Microbiology	2	12	None	Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Adebolu, T.T., Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Adeboye, P.T., Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Adegbola, N.B., Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	A traditional decoction made from the leaves of Psidium guajava (guava) and rootstalk of Zingiber officinale (ginger) prepared in schnapps (42% v/v ethanol: water) that is widely used in Akoko North community in Ondo State, Nigeria to treat many diseases was evaluated for antibacterial activity on some common bacteria that cause diarrhea in south-west Nigeria. Its activity was compared with that of Psidium guajava leaf extract in schnapps without Zingiber officinale and Psidium guajava leaf extract in water with or without Zingiber officinale. The effect of storage temperature on the antibacterial activity of the extracts was also investigated. All the extracts inhibited the growth of all the test organisms which include Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella tyhpi but the leaf extract in schnapps without Zingiber officinale gave the highest inhibition on the growth of the test organisms with diameter ranging from 7.0-16.0 mm. These values were comparable with the inhibition mediated by most of the antibiotics used. The inhibitory effect reached climax by the third day and declined to zero level for most of the test organisms by the fifth day. The storage temperatures used (4, 20, 28±2°C) did not have significant effect (p≥ 0.05) on the potency of the prepared extracts on the growth of the test organisms. It is being suggested that in the absence of immediate medical attention when one is having running stomach, this decoction may be used as first aid in the treatment of bacterial diarrhea caused by these organisms. © 2007 Academic Journals Inc.	Antibacterial effects; Diarrheal bacteria; Ginger rootstalks; Guava leaves; Schnapps	Bacteria (microorganisms); Chamaesyce degeneri; Escherichia coli; Psidium; Psidium guajava; Salmonella; Shigella dysenteriae; Staphylococcus aureus; Zingiber officinale	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857287863	Innovation policies institutions and performance: Why Malaysia overtook Nigeria in the oil palm industry	Adebowale B.O.A.	2012	International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development	5	02-Jan	10.1504/IJTLID.2012.044880	National Centre for Technology Management (NACETEM), Obafemi Awolowo University, PMB 012, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Adebowale, B.O.A., National Centre for Technology Management (NACETEM), Obafemi Awolowo University, PMB 012, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Forty years ago, Nigeria and Malaysia had comparative GDP per capita; Nigeria was the leading oil palm producer and exporter in the world. Within a decade, Malaysia overtook Nigeria both as producer and exporter. This paper provides a comparative perspective of the evolution of institutions and policies contrasting Nigeria and Malaysia over a relatively long period. The aim is to understand, based on the evidence, how and why Malaysia performed so well and Nigeria did not thereby exploring the systemic, remote and immediate causes of the different evolutionary trajectories of the two countries with very similar geographical characteristics. The data for this paper came from a variety of methods including secondary and primary survey as well as face to face interviews. The paper concludes that differential institutions, policies and investment efforts explain much of the catch-up story of the oil palm sectors in the two countries. © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Development; Economic catch-up; Industry performance; Innovation policies; Institutions; Investment; Malaysia; Nigeria; Technological learning	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-56749160093	Impacts of natural and anthropogenic multiple sources of pollution on the environmental conditions of Ondo State coastal water, Nigeria	Adebowale K.O., Agunbiade F.O., Olu-Owolabi B.I.	2008	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	7	4	None	Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adebowale, K.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Agunbiade, F.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olu-Owolabi, B.I., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The pollution status of the coastal water of Ondo State, Nigeria was investigated and found to be stressed by pollutants from both anthropogenic and natural sources. Solids (total solids, total dissolved solids, and total suspended solids), alkalinity, hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical and chemical oxygen demand were evaluated as measures of environmental pollution of the area. Also, some ionic and metal components were analysed. Principal component analysis and linear correlation model of the data revealed that the coastal water was negatively impacted by pollutants from related anthropogenic sources and natural sources and that atmospheric precipitation and tidal activities ensure the perfect mix of the pollutants across the site. Seawater intrusion and erosion of the soil into the coastal water are natural activities stressing the water that it may not support uses. The observed DO of the water system was high (mean value - 7.85mgO2/L) due to tidal agitation while the BOD also were lower than 3mgO2/L in most sites. However, the concentrations of chloride and sulphate in the water system were on the high side ranging from 13,074-17,366mg/L and 2,119 - 3,143mg/L respectively. The metal components investigated were beneficial to human health but exist in concentration too high for human consumption. Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn were found to be anthropogenic metals from related sources in this coastal area having correlated positively and significantly with measures of organic matter and each other. There were also indications of natural contributions of Fe, Mn &amp; Cu from the soil of the coastal area. Therefore, there is a growing need to monitor and control the release of pollutant into the coastal water system of developing countries having been overlooked.	Anthropogenic activities; Metals; Ondo Coast; PCA; Pollution; Water quality	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28744459338	Evaluation of nutritive properties of the large African cricket (Gryllidae sp)	Adebowale Y.A., Adebowale K.O., Oguntokun M.O.	2005	Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research	48	4	None	Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Adebowale, Y.A., Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Adebowale, K.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oguntokun, M.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	The large African cricket (Gryllidae sp) was subjected to standard analytical procedures to determine its proximate composition, functional properties, amino acids spectrum, in vitro protein digestibility, and nutritionally valuable minerals. The moisture was low (2.13-3.48%), while the protein content was high (65.95%) in the male cricket and 65.11 % in the female cricket). Seventeen amino acids were detected. The essential amino acids contributed 46.1-47.8% of the total amino acid content. Results of the in vitro protein multienzyme digestibility indicated high digestibility (90.7-94.7%). The amino acids scores were also favourable. The crude fibre and fat contents were fairly high, while the total carbohydrates were low (8.26-12.49%). The carbohydrates fraction contained 85.9-88.0% carbohydrates as stored glycogen. Phosphorus was the highest mineral in the ash (180.92 mgper 100 g), while the concentration of zinc was the lowest (1.46 mg per 100 g). Copper, manganese, nickel and lead were below the detection limits. Observations on the functional properties revealed low gelation, oil absorption, and emulsion capacity and stability. The effect of pH on the protein solubility showed that the lowest solubility occurred at the pH value of 4.0, while maximum solubility was recorded at the pH values of 6 and 7.	Functional properties; Gryllidae amino acids; Gryllidae sp; Large African cricket; New protein source; Nutritional properties	cricket; Gryllidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863748844	Prediction of reservoir performance in multi-well systems using modified hyperbolic model	Adeboye Y.B., Ubani C.E., Oribayo O.	2011	Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology	1	04-Feb	10.1007/s13202-011-0009-3	Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka	Adeboye, Y.B., Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Ubani, C.E., Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria; Oribayo, O., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria	Decline curve analyses are usually based on empirical Arps' equations: exponential, hyperbolic and harmonic decline. The applicable decline for the purpose of reservoir estimates is usually based on the historical trend that is seen on the well or reservoir performance. This remains an important tool for the reservoir engineer, so that the practice of decline curve analysis has been developed over the years through both theoretical and empirical considerations. Despite the fact that the fundamental principles are well known and understood, there are aspects which can still lead to a range of forecast and reserve estimates that until now have not been investigated. In this work, a model was developed considering the effect of well aggregation and interference in multi-well systems. This approach accounts for the entire production history of the well and the reservoir, and thus reduces the influence of well interference effects on decline curve analysis. It provides much better estimates of reserves in multi-well systems. The models were validated with field data from different wells. Production decline data from different wells in a reservoir were analyzed and used to demonstrate the application of the developed model. © 2011 The Author(s).	Decline curve; Forecast; Interference; Reserve estimates; Well aggregation	Arps' equation; Decline curve analysis; Decline curves; Developed model; Field data; Forecast; Fundamental principles; Historical trends; Hyperbolic models; Prediction of reservoir; Reserve estimates; Reservoir engineers; Reservoir performance; Well interference; Estimation; Oil well production; Wave interference; Wells; Forecasting	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73449095737	Safety evaluations of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Moringa oleifera in rats	Adedapo A.A., Mogbojuri O.M., Emikpe B.O.	2009	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	3	8	None	Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Adedapo, A.A., Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Mogbojuri, O.M., Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Emikpe, B.O., Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	The aqueous extract from the leaves of Moringa oleifera was evaluated for its oral toxicity by the oral route, and for the sub-acute toxicity on haematological, biochemical and histological parameters in rats. In the acute toxicity test, M. oleifera extract caused no death in animals even at 2000 mg/kg dose. Oral treatments in rats with this extract at 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg caused varied significant changes in the total RBC, packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin percentage (HB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total and differential WBC. The extract did not cause any significant change in the level of platelets. In the biochemical parameters, the extract at different doses also caused varied significant changes in the levels of total proteins, liver enzymes, and bilirubin. Clinico-pathologically, changes were also noted in the body weights, slight dullness at the onset of extract administration and no significant changes were noticed in all the organs examined in the course of this study. The study concluded that the plant is relatively safe both for nutritional and medicinal uses. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Haematology; Histopathology; Mice; Moringa oleifera; Rats; Serum chemistry	alanine aminotransferase; albumin; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; bilirubin; globulin; hemoglobin; Moringa oleifera extract; protein; urea; acute toxicity; alanine aminotransferase blood level; albumin blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; animal cell; animal experiment; animal tissue; aqueous solution; article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; bilirubin blood level; body weight; controlled study; drug fatality; drug safety; erythrocyte; hematocrit; hemoglobin blood level; histopathology; leukocyte differential count; male; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume; nonhuman; plant leaf; protein blood level; rat; toxicity testing; urea blood level; weight change; Animalia; Moringa oleifera; Mus; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898605376	The evaluation of the hypoglycemic effect of soft drink leaf extract of phyllanthus amarus (euphorbiaceae) in rats	Adedapo A.A., Ofuegbe S.O.	2014	Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology	25	1	10.1515/jbcpp-2013-0033	Dept. of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Physiology, Oyo State 20005, Nigeria; Biological Sciences College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Wesley University of Science and Technology, Ondo State, Nigeria; Dept. o	Adedapo, A.A., Dept. of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Physiology, Oyo State 20005, Nigeria, Biological Sciences College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Wesley University of Science and Technology, Ondo State, Nigeria; Ofuegbe, S.O., Dept. of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria	Background: Phyllanthus amarus has been used in traditional medicine in Nigeria to treat some disease conditions. This study evaluated the soft drink extract (SDE) of the plant for antidiabetic activities in rats. Methods: Standard phytochemical methods were used to test for the presence of phytoactive compounds in the plant. Acute toxicity was carried out in mice to determine safe doses for this plant extract. The antidiabetic activities of the SDE of the plant were assessed using some standard tests as well as histological changes in liver, kidney and pancreas. Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats using alloxan, whereas glibenclamide at 0.2 mg/kg was the reference drug used in this study. Results: The SDE at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight caused a significant reduction of fasting blood glucose, a significant change in the oral glucose tolerance test, a marked effect in the hypoglycemic activity test, and a pronounced reduction in the glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels of diabetic rats. Histopathologically, the liver of the diabetic nontreated and glibenclamidetreated groups showed widespread vacuolar change in the hepatocytes, but there was no visible lesion seen in the kidney and pancreas of extract-treated and glibenclamide- Treated groups. No lesion was also seen in the liver of the SDE-treated group. Conclusions: The results from this study may have validated the traditional basis for the use of P. amarus as antidiabetic agent with the pharmacological activities attributed to the presence of flavonoids and other phenolics contained in this plant. At the doses used, SDE also appeared safer than glibenclamide even though the latter is more potent.	Antidiabetic agent; Diabetes mellitus; Glibenclamide; Hypoglycemia; Mice; Normoglycemia; Phyllanthus amarus; Rats	alloxan; antidiabetic agent; cholesterol; glibenclamide; glucose; hemoglobin; plant extract; soft drink extract; triacylglycerol; unclassified drug; antidiabetic agent; cholesterol; glibenclamide; glucose blood level; plant extract; triacylglycerol; acute toxicity; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antidiabetic activity; article; body weight; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; diabetes mellitus; diet restriction; erythrocyte count; evaluation study; glucose blood level; histopathology; kidney; leukocyte count; liver; liver cell; male; mouse; nonhuman; oral glucose tolerance test; pancreas; Phyllanthus amarus; rat; soft drink; triacylglycerol blood level; animal; blood; blood cell count; chemistry; drug effects; experimental diabetes mellitus; glucose tolerance test; pathology; Phyllanthus; plant leaf; Animals; Blood Cell Count; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glyburide; Hypoglycemic Agents; Kidney; Liver; Male; Pancreas; Phyllanthus; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Triglycerides	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938251681	Evaluation of the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, phytochemical and toxicological properties of the methanolic leaf extract of commercially processed Moringa oleifera in some laboratory animals	Adedapo A.A., Falayi O.O., Oyagbemi A.A.	2015	Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology	26	5	10.1515/jbcpp-2014-0105	Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adedapo, A.A., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Falayi, O.O., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oyagbemi, A.A., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Background: Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) is a highly valued plant, distributed in many countries of the tropics and subtropics. It has an impressive range of medicinal uses with high nutritional value. Methods: The commercially processed M. oleifera was extracted using methanol as its solvent. Phytochemical analysis as well as the anti-oxidant properties of this supplement were also investigated. Acute toxicity was carried out in fasted mice. Carrageenan and histamine tests were used to assess anti-inflammatory effects in rats, while analgesic activities were assessed using the acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw lick test in mice. In the anti-oxidant tests, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, ferrous reducing activity power, 2,21-azinobis-(3-ethylbenthialozine)-6-sulphonic acid and total polyphenolic (TPP) assays were deployed at concentrations of 10 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL. Results: The phytochemical analysis showed that the extract contained flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, tannins and saponins. In the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the extract significantly reduced the number of writhes at 100 and 200 mg/kg but not so much at 50 mg/kg. In the formalin-induced paw lick test, the effect was similar to that of the acetic writhing test. The analgesic effects were comparable to that of indomethacin used at 10 mg/kg. In the anti-inflammatory test, the extract reduced the formation of oedema especially at a dose of 200 mg/kg. In the anti-oxidant test, the extract was found to possess a free radical-scavenging property and is concentration related. Conclusions: The use of this extract for medicinal and nutritional purposes may have thus been justified; however, caution must be exercised in its use to prevent the toxic effect. © 2015 by De Gruyter 2015.	anti-inflammatory; anti-oxidant; antinociceptive; mice; Moringa oleifera; phytochemical; rats; toxicology	cardiac glycoside; flavonoid; glycoside; indometacin; Moringa oleifera extract; saponin; tannin derivative; acute toxicity; analgesic activity; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; antioxidant activity; Article; carrageenan-induced paw edema; controlled study; female; foot edema; lethargy; Moringa oleifera; mouse; nonhuman; nutritional value; phytochemistry; rat; writhing test	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939898267	Performance Analysis of Microwave Radio Refractivity on Radio Field Strength and Radio Horizon Distance Over Akure, Nigeria	Adediji A.T., Ismail M., Mandeep J.S.	2014	Wireless Personal Communications	79	3	10.1007/s11277-014-1963-0	Department of Physics, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia	Adediji, A.T., Department of Physics, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia; Ismail, M., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia; Mandeep, J.S., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia	Surface radio refractivity studies are being carried out in Akure, (formula presented) South-Western Nigeria, by in-situ measurement of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and relative humidity using Wireless Weather Station (Integrated Sensor Suit, ISS). Five years of measurement (January, 2007–December, 2011) were used to compute the surface radio refractivity and its diurnal, daily, seasonal and yearly variations are analyzed. The results were then used to compute radio horizon distance (formula presented) and examine the field strength (FSV) variability. Results obtained show that the surface radio refractivity, (formula presented), varies with the time of the day as well as the seasons of the year. High values of (formula presented) were recorded in the morning and evening hours while the values were minima around 1,500 h local time. An average value of surface radio refractivity of 364.74 N-units was obtained for this location. The annual maximum mean of FSV is 15.24 dB and the minimum is 2.20 dB. This implies that the output of a receiving antenna in Akure may generally be subject to variations not less than 2 dB in a year, but can be as high as 15 dB. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Field strength; Humidity; Pressure; Radio horizon; Refractivity; Temperature	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954069396	Impact of care and social support on wellbeing among people living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria	Adedimeji A.A., Alawode O.O., Odutolu O.	2010	Iranian Journal of Public Health	39	2	None	Centre for Global Health, University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; Dept. of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Live Vanguards, Osogbo, Nigeria and World Bank Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria	Adedimeji, A.A., Centre for Global Health, University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; Alawode, O.O., Dept. of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Odutolu, O., Live Vanguards, Osogbo, Nigeria and World Bank Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria	Background: Availability of antiretroviral therapies has transformed AIDS into a manageable chronic condition and improved well-being among people living with HIV/AIDS (PHA) in developed countries. In developing countries however, such transformations are yet to occur due to socio-economic, systemic and environmental constraint. This study examined the impact of social, economic, psychological and environmental factors on health and wellbeing among PHA living in southwest Nigeria. Methods: Using qualitative participatory methodology, 50 HIV positive people, 8 health personnel and 32 care providers were interviewed to explore how care and social support affect wellbeing among PHA in view of constraints to accessing antiretroviral drugs. Analysis of data used the grounded theory (GT) approach to identify themes, which are considered crucial to the wellbeing of PHA. Results: The findings highlight several factors, apart from antiretroviral drugs, that impact the wellbeing of PHA in southwest Nigeria. These include concerns about deteriorating physical health, family and children's welfare, pervasive stigma, financial pressures and systemic failures relating to care among others. We describe how psychosocial and social support structures can considerably contribute to improving health outcomes among them because of how they affect the functioning of immune system, self-care activities and other illness behaviours. Conclusion: We recommend that interventions should address the psychosocial, socio-economic and other systemic issues that negatively influence the wellbeing of PHA and governments need to strengthen the policy environment that empowers PHA support groups.	Care support; HIV/AIDS; Nigeria; Social support	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349392594	Markovian probabilistic pavement performance prediction models for a developing country	Adedimila A.S., Olutaiwo A.O., Kehinde O.	2009	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	4	1	None	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Adedimila, A.S., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Olutaiwo, A.O., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Kehinde, O., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	The research presented here is a part of a simplified Pavement Information and Management System (PIMS) constructed for a typical developing country. Pavement deterioration modeling based on historical record of the objective function (performance) variation with age (time) requires regular measurement of the condition rating of pavement sections over a period of some years. Based on the generated model curves using historical data, future condition rating could then be predicted. In the absence of such information and record in the country (Nigeria), such method cannot be used and the alternative is to use probabilistic modeling. With the aid of Matlab and Visual Basic application software, three models were developed to generate pavement deterioration profiles, accruable user costs and intervention maintenance costs. The developed models were applied to a case study road. The results proved that timely intervention to maintain pavements at appropriate times will significantly reduce the overall expenditure for both the road users and the government. This was also attested to by the results of the benefit-cost analysis carried out. © Medwell Journals, 2009.	Benefit-cost; Pavement deterioration; Probabilistic modeling; User costs	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947219602	Effectiveness evaluation of levamisole, albendazole, ivermectin, and vernonia amygdalina in West African Dwarf goats	Adediran O.A., Uwalaka E.C.	2015	Journal of Parasitology Research	2015	None	10.1155/2015/706824	Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria	Adediran, O.A., Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria; Uwalaka, E.C., Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria	Anthelmintic drug resistance has led to the search for alternatives in controlling helminth infections. Fifty West African Dwarf goats without history of anthelmintic treatment were divided equally into five groups. Group A was treated with ivermectin injection subcutaneously, group B with levamisole subcutaneously, group C with albendazole orally, and group D with aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina and group E was untreated control. Faecal samples were collected before treatment from each animal and larval culture was carried out. Faecal egg count reduction (FECR) test was carried out for each group and the data analysed using FECR version 4 to calculate percent reduction in faecal egg count. Predominant helminth infections from larval culture were Haemonchus contortus (70%), Trichostrongylus spp. (61%), and Oesophagostomum spp. (56%). Mixed infection was present in all the animals. From the FECR test Vernonia amygdalina extract was more effective against helminths (100%), compared to ivermectin 96%, levamisole 96%, and albendazole 99%. The lower 95% confidence limit was 89 for ivermectin and levamisole and 91 for albendazole. There is low resistance to ivermectin and levamisole and susceptibility to albendazole while V. amygdalina has great potentials that could be explored for the treatment of helminth diseases in goats. © 2015 Oyeduntan A. Adediran and Emmanuel C. Uwalaka.	None	albendazole; ivermectin; levamisole; Vernonia amygdalina extract; animal parasitosis; anthelmintic activity; Article; Chabertia; controlled study; drug efficacy; feces analysis; goat disease; Gymnanthemum amygdalinum; Haemonchus contortus; mixed infection; nonhuman; Oesophagostomum; Ostertagia ostertagi; outcome assessment; parasite identification; priority journal; Strongyloides; Trichostrongylus; West African Dwarf goat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864668644	Impact of urbanization and gender on frequency of metabolic syndrome among native Abuja settlers in Nigeria	Adediran O., Akintunde A.A., Edo A.E., Opadijo O.G., Araoye A.	2012	Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research	3	3	10.4103/0975-3583.98890	Department of Internal Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Internal Medicine, Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Id	Adediran, O., Department of Internal Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, Department of Internal Medicine, Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Akintunde, A.A., Department of Internal Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Edo, A.E., Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Opadijo, O.G., Department of Internal Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Araoye, A., Department of Internal Medicine, Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Nigeria is currently undergoing rapid epidemiological transition. The objective was to study whether urbanization is associated with increased prevalence of MetS between native rural Abuja settlers and genetically related urban dwellers. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Three hundred and forty-two urban native Abuja settlers and 325 rural dwellers were used for the study. Fasting blood lipid, glucose, waist circumference, blood pressure, and body mass index were determined. MetS was defined according to three standard criteria. SPSS 16.0 was used for statistical analysis. P<0.05 was used as statistically significant. Results: Obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension were commoner among urban dwellers than rural dwellers. MetS was associated more with the female gender. Urbanization significantly increases the frequency of MetS using the three standard definitions. The prevalence of MetS using International Diabetes Federation, World Health Organization, and National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III among rural versus urban dwellers were 7.7% vs. 14.9%, P<0.05; 0% vs. 0.9%, P>0.05; and 3.7% vs. 13.7%, P<0.05, respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that MetS is a major health condition among rural and urban Nigerians and that urbanization significantly increases the prevalence of MetS. This can be explained on the basis of higher prevalence of dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension in urban setting, possibly as a result of stress, diet, and reduction in physical activity. Effective preventive strategy is therefore required to stem the increased risk associated with urbanization to reduce the cardiovascular risk associated with MetS among Nigerians.	Dyslipidemia; metabolic syndrome; Nigeria; obesity; urbanization	glucose; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; triacylglycerol; adult; article; blood pressure measurement; body mass; dietary intake; disease association; dyslipidemia; female; glucose blood level; human; hypertension; hypertriglyceridemia; lipid blood level; major clinical study; male; metabolic syndrome X; Nigeria; obesity; prevalence; priority journal; sedentary lifestyle; sex difference; stress; urban rural difference; urbanization; waist circumference	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928259564	Evaluation of the release properties of microcrystalline cellulose derived from Saccharum officinarum L. in paracetamol tablet formulation	Adedokun M., Essien G., Uwah T., Umoh R., Josiah I., Jackson C.	2014	Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research	6	10	None	Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, University of Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Medicine, University of Uyo, Nigeria	Adedokun, M., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria; Essien, G., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, University of Uyo, Nigeria; Uwah, T., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria; Umoh, R., Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Medicine, University of Uyo, Nigeria; Josiah, I., Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Medicine, University of Uyo, Nigeria; Jackson, C., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria	Microcrystalline cellulose coded MCC-D was obtained from the stem pulp of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) by a two-stage sodium hydroxide delignification process followed by sodium hypochlorite bleaching and hydrochloric acid hydrolysis. The product was examined for its physicochemical properties, powder flow characteristics in relation to Avicel(R) PH 101. Wet granulation method was used to formulate various batches of tablets using MCC-D and Avicel® PH 101 as binders at varying concentrations. The tablets were subjected to the following test: weight uniformity, disintegration and dissolution, and all conformed to official monograph. The extraction yield of MCC-D from the alpha cellulose was very good (70%w/<inf>w</inf>). The flow indices showed that both MCC-D has good flow with Hausner index of 1.13. MCC-D compacts showed excellent weight uniformity, disintegration time and dissolution rate in those with not too high concentration and conforming to British Pharmacopoeia and United States pharmacopoeia specifications. The study revealed that microcrystalline cellulose derived from the stem pulp of Saccharum officinarum has good potential for use as an excipient in tablet formulation. © 2014, Pharmainfo Publications. All rights reserved.	None	cellulose; dextrin; microcrystalline cellulose; paracetamol; starch; angle of repose; Article; bleaching; bulk density; carrs index; delignification; drug release; drug solubility; hausners index; hydrolysis; nonhuman; parameters; pH; solubility; sugarcane; tablet disintegration; tablet weight; tap density	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920087803	Production and Quality Evaluation of Noodles From Sweet Potato Starch	Adedotun H., Adebowale A.-R.A., Olayiwola I.O., Shittu T.A., Sanni L.O.	2015	Journal of Culinary Science and Technology	13	1	10.1080/15428052.2014.952479	Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Adedotun, H., Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adebowale, A.-R.A., Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Olayiwola, I.O., Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Shittu, T.A., Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Sanni, L.O., Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	The effect of extrusion parameters (feed moisture content, barrel temperature, and screw speed) on the quality of noodles produced from sweet potato starch was investigated. Starch was extracted from the tuber of sweet potato and processed into noodles using single screw cooking extruder. The moisture, protein, and ash contents of the noodles decreased linearly with the feed moisture content and barrel temperature but decreased with increasing screw speed. Increased feed moisture content also led to decrease in water absorption capacity, cooking time, and water solubility index. Lateral expansion increased with increasing barrel temperature. Barrel temperature had significant effect (p < 0.05) on lateral expansion while screw speed and feed moisture content had significant effect (p < 0.05) on cooking time. Significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation was obtained between the overall sensory acceptability, appearance, firmness, and chewiness. The study showed that noodles of desirable functional qualities and sensory acceptability can be obtained from sweet potato starch using barrel temperature of 110°C, screw speed of 100 rpm, and feed moisture content of 47.5%. © , Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	noodles; quality; response surface; starch; Sweet potato	Image quality; Moisture; Moisture determination; Screws; Water absorption; Extrusion parameter; In-water absorption; noodles; Positive correlations; Response surface; Sensory acceptabilities; Sweet potato; Water solubility index; Starch	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864475443	Growth and reproductive performance of African giant catfish, Heterobranchus longifilis Valenciennes 1840 broodstock on ascorbic acid supplementation	Adeebayo O.T., Fawole F.J.	2012	Indian Journal of Fisheries	59	2	None	Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education Versova, Mumbai-400 061, Maharashtra, India	Adeebayo, O.T., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Fawole, F.J., Division of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education Versova, Mumbai-400 061, Maharashtra, India	This study was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of ascorbic acid supplementation on growth, reproductive performance and larval quality of Heterobranchus longifilis female broodstock fishes. Five diets were formulated incorporating ascorbic acid at levels of 0 (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg kg-1. Fish averaging 700 ± 2.84 g were randomly fed with the experimental diets for 8 weeks. Fish fed with control diet had lower weight gain than fish fed with ascorbic acid supplemented diets (p&gt;0.05). The total percentage weight gain and specific growth rate in all treatments were significantly different (p&lt;0.05). The best feed gain ratio and protein efficiency ratio was recorded in 150 and 200 mg kg-1 ascorbic acid. The percentage fertilization and hatchability in all the treatments were significantly different. The best percentage fertilization and hatchability was recorded in 200 mg kg-1 ascorbic acid diet. Diet supplemented with 150 mg kg-1 ascorbic acid performed best in terms of weight of eggs and fecundity than all other treatments. The percentage survival of the progeny was also highest in broodstock fed with diet supplemented with 150 mg kg-1 ascorbic acid. Based on the results of this study, we suggest that ascorbic acid needs to be supplemented at 150-200 mg kg-1 in the diet of female Heterobranchus longifilis broodstock.	African giant catfish; Ascorbic acid; Broodstock; Heterobranchus longifilis; Reproductive performance	Heterobranchus longifilis; Pangasiidae; Pisces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054718922	In-vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of extracts of bridelia micrantha on selected bacterial pathogens	Adefuye A.O., Samie A., Ndip R.N.	2011	Journal of Medicinal Plant Research	5	20	None	Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Buea, Box 63, Buea, Cameroon	Adefuye, A.O., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa; Samie, A., Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Ndip, R.N., Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Buea, Box 63, Buea, Cameroon	Medicinal plants have been age long remedies for human diseases because they contain components of therapeutic value. In this study, six solvent extracts [dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol (100%), and 40% methanol hydroxide] of the stem bark of Bridelia micrantha and ciprofloxacin were investigated for antimicrobial activity by the agar-well diffusion method against strains of Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571, Shigella sonnei ATCC 29930, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311, Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43526, and Helicobacter pylori 252c. The most active extracts were assayed for MIC 50 using the 96-well microdilution technique and one way ANOVA test was used to determine if there was any statistically significant difference in the MIC 50 of the most active extracts and the control antibiotic (ciprofloxacin). Results obtained indicated that methanol was quantitatively the best solvent for extraction, while ethyl acetate was the least. Zone diameters of inhibition ranged from 0 to 28 mm for the six extracts and 29 to 38 mm for ciprofloxacin. Ethyl acetate and acetone extracts were the most active of all the extracts exhibiting a broad spectrum activity. However, Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive compared to Gram-negative bacteria. The MIC 50 value ranged from 0.078 to 1.25 mg/ml and 0.078 to 0.625 mg/ml for the acetone and ethyl acetate extracts respectively, with no statistically significant difference in potency (p value = 0.187) when compared to ciprofloxacin. Our findings demonstrate the in-vitro antibacterial activity of the crude extracts of B. micrantha, and therefore provide preliminary scientific evidence to justify the use of the plant in traditional medicine. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Bacteria; Bridelia micrantha; Medicinal plant; MIC 50; Solvent extract	acetic acid ethyl ester; acetone; alcohol; antiinfective agent; Bridelia micrantha extract; ciprofloxacin; dichloromethane; methanol; plant extract; unclassified drug; agar diffusion; antibiotic resistance; antimicrobial activity; article; bacterial virulence; bark; bioassay; Bridelia micrantha; concentration response; controlled study; drug efficacy; drug potency; drug screening; Euphorbia; Helicobacter pylori; IC 50; in vitro study; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; plant stem; Salmonella typhimurium; Shigella sonnei; Staphylococcus aureus; strain difference; Bacteria (microorganisms); Bridelia micrantha; Helicobacter pylori; Negibacteria; Posibacteria; Salmonella typhimurium; Shigella sonnei; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953155492	Facilities offered by the University of Ibadan (Nigeria) distance learning centre towards learners' academic goal-an evaluation	Adegbile J.A., Oyekanmi J.O.	2011	Educational Research and Reviews	6	1	None	Institute of Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Adegbile, J.A., Institute of Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Oyekanmi, J.O., Institute of Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Distance learners in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria unlike other distance learners of different parts of the world are faced with various educational, social and psychological problems associated with the code of distance learning. The facilities offered by the University of Ibadan distance learning centre towards the users' multifarious needs are not sufficient. The level of adequacy of facilities provided by the University should be equal to meeting the needs; otherwise, the objectives of the programme stand the risk of becoming a dismal failure. This study therefore, attempts to assess the level of adequacy of facilities provided by the University of Ibadan Distance Learning Centre for its potential learners to meet their needs. The survey used stratified sampling techniques on the data collected from 1120 subjects among the five participating Faculties of the University - Education, Arts, the social Science, Science, and the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry and employed multiple regression and simple percentage analysis. Three research questions were posed for the study. Distance Learners' Questionnaire (DLQ) with (r=0.91) was the instrument used for data collection. Findings revealed that, most of the facilities are available but inadequately provided for learners' use. It is therefore recommended that, the University of Ibadan, being the premier University in Nigeria, should endeavour to provide its distance learners with latest information infrastructure in order to increase and enhance the programme efficiency that takes care of learners' needs. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Distance learning; Evaluation; Facilities; Learner's academic goal	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960976329	Evaluation of the physicochemical equivalence of three brands of commercially available quinine sulphate tablets from South Western part of Nigeria	Adegbite A.I., Adegbolagun O.M.	2011	African Health Sciences	11	2	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adegbite, A.I., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adegbolagun, O.M., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Background: The relatively little resistance to quinine globally has led to an increase in its use in P. falciparum malaria especially in multi-drug resistant strains. Objective: To evaluate the physicochemical and equivalency of three brands of quinine sulphate tablets available in South Western region of Nigeria. Methods: The pharmaceutical and chemical equivalence of three brands of quinine sulphate tablets were assessed through the evaluation of some biopharmaceutical parameters and active drug content. Results: All the brands complied with the official specification for uniformity of weight. Two of the brands (A & B) gave similar crushing strengths while the third brand (C) gave a much lower value. Similarly all the brands complied with the official specification of disintegration test but the obtained values were statistically different (p<0.05). The T70 obtained from the dissolution rate profile was less than 45 minutes for the three brands, although A and B were not statistically different but C was statistically from A and B. The quinine content of brands B and C are within the official specification however brand A with percentage content of 110±1.3%w/w, is above the specification while it is statistically different from the other brands. Conclusion: Brands B and C could be regarded as chemical equivalent, but they are not biopharmaceutical equivalents, on the other hand, brands A and B may be regarded as biopharmaceutical equivalents but not chemical equivalent.	Biopharmaceutical equivalence; Chemical equivalence; Non-aqueous titration; Quinine sulphate tablets	quinine sulfate; article; biopharmaceutical equivalence; chemical equivalence; controlled study; crushing strength; drug determination; drug dosage form comparison; drug purity; drug solubility; Nigeria; pharmacological parameters; physical chemistry; tablet disintegration; Antimalarials; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Drugs, Generic; Humans; Malaria, Falciparum; Quality Control; Quinine; Solubility; Tablets; Therapeutic Equivalency	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867267428	Evaluation of water management plans in the Ameki and Nanka aquifer domains of part of the Anambra Basin, Nigeria	Adegbola A.A., Agbede O.A.	2012	International Journal of Applied Engineering Research	7	2	None	Department of Civil Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adegbola, A.A., Department of Civil Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Agbede, O.A., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Groundwater is one of the earth's most widely distributed and most important resources. It is more widely and easily available than surface water, relatively unpolluted in most cases, and safe for human consumption. As groundwater development intensifies, well owners become more interested in the response of aquifers to heavy pumping, whereas initially they were concerned with the delineation and exploration of aquifers. Competition for available resources has brought about the concept of optimization of aquifer-potentials and their response to development, as inevitable tools for effective groundwater exploration and exploitation. The calibrated Ameki and Nanka ground-water flow models were used to simulate the potential effect of water-management plans on hydraulic heads and ground-water movement in the Ameki and Nanka domains. The Ameki and Nanka formation were optimized by incorporating the MODFLOW Finite Difference Groundwater Flow Model into a Groundwater Management (GWM) linear optimization program. For this purpose, each of the problem domains/aquifers was sub-divided into cells based on the number of observation wells. The Ameki formation was treated as a five-cell model while the Nanka aquifer was divided into a seven-cell model. The total water demand, D, was projected using a population growth rate of 2.5%/year, firstly from the base year to year-2005, and then year-2030, for the aquifers within the study area, using the Nigerian 1991 population census figures as the baseline. This projection was calibrated with the population figures obtained from the Petroleum Trust Fund (PTF) sponsored feasibility studies report on Provision of Rural Water Supply for Anambra State, which were found to be in close agreement. The aquifers were assumed to be homogenous and replenished from precipitation at a rate of 2005 mm/yr. The average cost of pumping and conveyance of water to the consumers, in each case, was assumed to be 1.5MU/m 3. The permissible drawdown in Observation Wells 'A' to 'E' varied from 8.80m to 23.00m at a minimized optimal cost of pumping of 36.09 × 10 6 MU/yr in the Ameki Groundwater Management Model, while for the Nanka Management Model, the permissible drawdown in Observation Wells 'A' to 'G' varied between 15.10m to 19.50m at a minimized cost of pumping of 22.40 × 10 6MU/yr. The Ameki and Nanka aquifer domains could support drafts of 24.06 Mm 3/yr and 14.93 Mm 3/yr respectively, without violating the lower limit constraints on water levels. © Research India Publications.	Conveyance; Domains; Minimization; Monetary unit (MU); Optimization	None	None
WoS	WOS:000311637600011	Exploring Household Economic Impacts of Childhood Diarrheal Illnesses in 3 African Settings	Adegbola, Richard A.,Breiman, Robert F.,Farag, Tamer H.,Kotloff, Karen L.,Kukla, Matt,Levine, Myron M.,Nasrin, Dilruba,Omore, Richard,Onwuchekwa, Uma,Rheingans, Richard,Saha, Debasish,Sow, Samba O.	2012	CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES	55	None	10.1093/cid/cis763	Florida State University System, GlaxoSmithKline, University of Florida, University of Maryland Baltimore, University System of Maryland, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent KEMRI CDC, Ctr Vaccine Dev Mali, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent	"Adegbola, Richard A.: GlaxoSmithKline","Farag, Tamer H.: University of Maryland Baltimore","Farag, Tamer H.: University System of Maryland","Kotloff, Karen L.: University of Maryland Baltimore","Kotloff, Karen L.: University System of Maryland","Kukla, Matt: Florida State University System","Kukla, Matt: University of Florida","Levine, Myron M.: University of Maryland Baltimore","Levine, Myron M.: University System of Maryland","Nasrin, Dilruba: University of Maryland Baltimore","Nasrin, Dilruba: University System of Maryland","Rheingans, Richard: Florida State University System","Rheingans, Richard: University of Florida",	Beyond the morbidity and mortality burden of childhood diarrhea in sub-Saharan African are significant economic costs to affected households. Using survey data from 3 of the 4 sites in sub-Saharan Africa (Gambia, Kenya, Mali) participating in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS), we estimated the direct medical, direct nonmedical, and indirect (productivity losses) costs borne by households due to diarrhea in young children. Mean cost per episode was $2.63 in Gambia, $6.24 in Kenya, and $4.11 in Mali. Direct medical costs accounted for less than half of these costs. Mean costs understate the distribution of costs, with 10% of cases exceeding $6.50, $11.05, and $13.84 in Gambia, Kenya, and Mali. In all countries there was a trend toward lower costs among poorer households and in 2 of the countries for diarrheal illness affecting girls. For poor children and girls, this may reflect reduced household investment in care, which may result in increased risks of mortality.	,COMMUNITY,COST-EFFECTIVENESS,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,GASTROENTERITIS,HEALTH-CARE-SEEKING,KENYA,MORTALITY,"ROTAVIRUS VACCINATION",SERVICES,"USER FEES"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83455211703	Performance evaluation of Egbin Power Station, Nigeria	Adegboyega G.A., Odeyemi K.O.	2011	European Journal of Scientific Research	65	3	None	Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria	Adegboyega, G.A., Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria; Odeyemi, K.O., Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria	The performance analysis of Egbin Power Plant in terms of Plant Capacity and Power Factor is herein presented. The Station consists of six units of steam turbines with a total installed capacity of 1320MW and commissioned between May 1985 and November 1987. In this paper, field data were collected from the Station records of operation and maintenance for a period under review of 2000 to 2010. The study reveals that the average capacity factor was 50.78% while the plant use factor's average was 74.60%. In year 2010, the average load factor was 76.61% while the utilization factor had the average of 61.91%. The shortfall in performance levels of the plant is attributable to low plant availability due to frequent breakdowns/failures, overdue overhauling of some units, obsolete technology, instability of the national grid system, aging plant equipment and disruption in gas supply among others. Measures to improve the performance indices of the plant were suggested. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2011.	Egbin Power Plant; Performance analysis; Plant capacity; Power factor	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957643033	Evaluation of farmers' response to extension services on ginger production in kagarko local government area of kaduna state	Adegboye M.A.	2011	Scientific Research and Essays	6	6	None	Federal College of Land Resources Technology, Kuru, P. M. B. 2035 Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria	Adegboye, M.A., Federal College of Land Resources Technology, Kuru, P. M. B. 2035 Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria	The study was conducted to evaluate farmers' response to extension services on ginger production in Kagarko local government area of Kaduna State. One hundred and ten respondents were randomly selected for the study. Only 2.7% of the respondents pointed out that extension worker visited them monthly while 72.7% claimed they had never seen the extension agents on their farm. Only 9.1% of the respondents adopted improved cutting and none of them adopted any improved processing technique. However, 90.0% of the respondents used fertilizer and 100% mulched ginger even though information was not given on them by extension workers. There was a significant (p &lt; 0.05) relationship between frequency of extension agent's contact with the farmers and the farmers response to extension services on ginger production (x2 = 84.672). Extension contact was discovered to be very low in the area. Two major problems identified by the respondents were finance and marketing problems. Hence, extension services in the area needs improvement and the farmers need loan support to increase the scale of their production. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Extension contact; Fertilizer; Ginger; Improved cutting; Mulching; Yield	Zingiber officinale	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884597171	Place of birth or place of death: An evaluation of 1139 maternal deaths in Nigeria	Adegoke A.A., Campbell M., Ogundeji M.O., Lawoyin T., Thomson A.M.	2013	Midwifery	29	11	10.1016/j.midw.2012.11.018	Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place L3 5QA, United Kingdom; School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Primary Health Care and Health Management Centre, Yemetu, Ibadan, Nig	Adegoke, A.A., Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place L3 5QA, United Kingdom; Campbell, M., School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Ogundeji, M.O., Primary Health Care and Health Management Centre, Yemetu, Ibadan, Nigeria; Lawoyin, T., Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Thomson, A.M., School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom	Objective: to describe the incidence of maternal death by age, marital status, timing and place of death in Ibadan North and Ido Local Government Areas of Oyo State, Nigeria. Design: a retrospective study using multistage sampling with stratification and clustering to select local government areas, political wards and households. We included one eligible subject by household in the sample. Data on maternal mortality were collected using the principles of the indirect sisterhood method. Setting: Ibadan city of Oyo state, Nigeria. We included eight randomly selected political wards from Ibadan North LGA (urban) and Ido LGA (rural). Participants: 3028 participants were interviewed using the four questions of the indirect sisterhood method: How many sisters have you ever had who are ever married (or who survived until age 15)? How many are dead? How many are alive? How many died while they were pregnant, during childbirth, or within six weeks after childbirth (that is, died of maternal causes)? We also included other questions such as place and timing of death, age of women at death and number of pregnancies. Findings: 1139 deaths were reported to be related to pregnancy, childbirth or the puerperium. Almost half were aged between aged 25-34 years. More deaths occurred to women who were pregnant for the first time (33.4%, n=380) than for any other number of pregnancies, with 49.9% (n=521) dying within 24 hours after childbirth or abortion and 30.9% (n=322) dying after 24 hours but within 72 hours after childbirth or abortion. Only 71.5% (n=809) were reported to have been admitted to health-care facilities before their death, the percentage being higher in the urban LGA (72.4%, n=720) than the rural LGA (65.4%, n=89). The percentage being admitted varied from one political ward to another (from 42.9% to 80.4%), the difference being statistically significant (χ2=17.55, df=7, p=0.014). The majority of the deaths occurred after childbirth (63.5%, n=723). Most deaths were said to have occurred in the hospital (38.6%) or private clinic (28.2%), with 16.0% dying at home and 6.5% on the way to hospital. Key conclusions: maternal mortality in Nigeria is still unacceptably high. Implications for practice: ensure adequate training, recruitment and deployment of midwives and others with midwifery skills. Ensure midwives and other skilled birth attendants are backed up with functioning and well equipped health-care facilities. Provide health education and information to the public with regard to reproductive health and ensure the development and dissemination of a policy regarding attendance at birth by only health workers who have midwifery skills. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Developing countries; Maternal mortality; Millennium development goal five; Place of maternal deaths	adolescent; adult; article; cause of death; demography; developing country; epidemiology; female; health care delivery; human; marriage; maternal mortality; middle aged; midwife; Millennium development goal five; Nigeria; Place of maternal deaths; politics; pregnancy; reproductive history; retrospective study; socioeconomics; statistics; Developing countries; Maternal mortality; Millennium development goal five; Place of maternal deaths; Adolescent; Adult; Cause of Death; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Marital Status; Maternal Death; Maternal Mortality; Middle Aged; Midwifery; Nigeria; Politics; Pregnancy; Reproductive History; Residence Characteristics; Retrospective Studies; Sampling Studies; Socioeconomic Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863704186	Impact of interactive engagement on reducing the gender gap in quantum physics learning outcomes among senior secondary school students	Adegoke B.A.	2012	Physics Education	47	4	10.1088/0031-9120/47/4/462	Institute of Education, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Adegoke, B.A., Institute of Education, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	In this study, the author examines the extent to which an interactive engagement approach can reduce the gender gap in senior secondary school (SSS) (age 16-18 years) students' learning outcomes in quantum physics. One hundred and twenty one (male = 65; female = 56) SSS 3 students participated in this study. They were randomly selected from two senior secondary schools from the Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. There were two groups: the experimental group (interactive engagement) and the control group (traditional lecture method). Prior to the commencement of the experiment, students' scores in a previous examination conducted by their schools were collected and analysed. This was to determine the extent to which gender disparity had been narrowed after the experiment. Three hypotheses were tested. The data collected were analysed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results show that, generally, the students in the interactive engagement group had higher mean scores in the quantum physics achievement test than their colleagues in the control group. Among the participants in the interactive engagement group, female students had a slightly higher mean score than their male counterparts. These results show that with interactive engagement, gender disparity in quantum physics learning outcomes among students can be narrowed. The author recommends that physics teachers should adopt an interactive engagement approach in physics classes. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80655133705	Pain intensity, self-efficacy and physical performance in patients with chronic low back pain	Adegoke B.O.A., Ezeukwu A.O.	2010	International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation	17	10	10.12968/ijtr.2010.17.10.78811	Physiotherapy Department, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nigeria	Adegoke, B.O.A., Physiotherapy Department, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Ezeukwu, A.O., Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nigeria	Aim: This article describes a study investigating the relationship between pain intensity, self-efficacy and physical performance in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) receiving physiotherapy at selected hospitals in Nigeria.Methods: One hundred and forty-two patients (86 female, 56 male) recruited from the out-patient units of the physiotherapy departments of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital and the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu participated in the study. The pain intensity in the low back, self-efficacy and physical performance of patients with CLBP were assessed using the Box Numerical Scale, Chronic Pain Self-Efficacy Scale and Back Performance Scale respectively.Results: The participants were aged 48.05 ± 12.66 years (range 21–65). There was no significant correlation (r = 0.051; P = 0.548) between pain intensity and physical performance, but significant negative correlations were obtained between self-efficacy domain scores and physical performance (r values range from -0.239 to -0.414; P values range from 0.000 to 0.004). Self-efficacy for physical function was the only self-efficacy subscale/domain that had no significant correlation (r = -0.030; P = 0.719) with pain intensity.Conclusions: An increase in self-efficacy was significantly related to improvement in the physical performance of patients with CLBP, or vice versa. Only the self-efficacy domain of physical function was not significantly related with pain intensity. Recommendations were made for the incorporation of assessment of pain self-efficacy levels in the management of CLBP patients, as well as for the development of strategies to improve it clinically. © 2010, MA Healthcare Ltd. All rights reserved.	Chronic pain; Low back pain; Pain intensity; Physical performance; Self-efficacy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856430789	In vitro genotoxicity evaluation of 4-carboxyl-2,6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes using human lymphocytes	Adegoke O.A., Kyu J.K., Mukherjee A.	2012	Food and Chemical Toxicology	50	04-Mar	10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.022	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, 1266 Shinjeong-dong, Jeongeup 580-185, South Korea; Centre of Advanced Study, Cell	Adegoke, O.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Centre of Advanced Study, Cell and Chromosome Research, Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India; Kyu, J.K., Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, 1266 Shinjeong-dong, Jeongeup 580-185, South Korea; Mukherjee, A., Centre of Advanced Study, Cell and Chromosome Research, Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India	The genotoxicity of a new monoazo dye series, 4-carboxyl-2,6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes has been evaluated using human lymphocytes by alkaline comet assay. Freshly isolated human lymphocytes were exposed to the dyes (AZ-01, -02, -03 and -04) at concentrations ranging from 0 to 500 μM for 3. h at 37 °C. Appropriate negative (culture medium) and positive (100 μM methyl methane sulfonate) controls were set up alongside with the dye-treated cells. Comet assay was performed to assess the extent of DNA damage. The four dyes gave varying results with respect to the parameters of DNA damage studied. AZ-01 showed concentration-dependent DNA damage (% Tail DNA) while lower concentrations (31.25-62.5 μM) did not produce any significant difference in the tail extent moment. AZ-02, the positional isomer of AZ-01, gave non-genotoxic effects at lower concentrations for the two DNA parameters. AZ-03 and AZ-04 (possessing additional C-7 substituents) did not produce significant genotoxic effect at all concentrations relative to the negative control. Two of these monoazo dyes show the potential of being used as edible colorants. The results revealed that genotoxicity of congeneric dyes bear a direct relationship to their chemical structure. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	4-Carboxyl-2,6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes; Comet assay; DNA damage; Genotoxicity; Human lymphocytes	4 [(2 hydroxy 7 (3 oxobutyl)naphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [(2 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [(4 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [(7 (1 carboxyethyl) 2 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; azo dye; unclassified drug; adult; article; cell isolation; cell viability; chemical structure; comet assay; concentration (parameters); controlled study; DNA damage; genotoxicity; human; human cell; in vitro study; lymphocyte; male; structure activity relation; toxicity testing; Azo Compounds; Cells, Cultured; Comet Assay; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Lymphocytes; Mutagens; Naphthols	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901813929	Genotoxicity evaluation of 4-carboxyl- 2,6- dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes in mice	Adegoke O.A., Ghosh M., Manivannan J., Sinha S., Mukherjee A.	2014	Toxicology and Industrial Health	30	5	10.1177/0748233712457442	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Orita UI, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India; Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced St	Adegoke, O.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Orita UI, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India; Ghosh, M., Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; Manivannan, J., Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; Sinha, S., Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; Mukherjee, A., Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India	A short-term in vivo genotoxicity evaluation of 4-carboxyl-2,6- dinitrophenylazohydronaphthalenes (AZ-01 to AZ-04) has been carried out in mice. Aqueous colloidal solutions of the dyes were administered to mice on each day for 5 successive days using gastric gavages. Two end point assessments of the genotoxicity potentials of the dyes were assessed using comet assay and chromosomal aberration studies using the mice bone marrow cells. The dyes were well tolerated at the doses investigated, as there were no deaths or any adverse pharmacotoxic events. Dose-dependent DNA damage (in terms of percentage of tail DNA and Olive tail moment) occurred with AZ-01 and AZ-02, although the effects were significant only with the highest doses. AZ-03 gave similar patterns with those of AZ-01 and AZ-02, while replacement with butanone in AZ-04 altered the observed pattern. Minimal chromosomal damages were obtained for the four dyes, with AZ-01 and AZ-02 giving nonsignificant damages, while the highest dose of AZ-03 produced significant aberrations in terms of breaks. Some minor isochromatid breaks and gaps were also noticed in the dye-treated mice. Mitotic indices in all cases were not significantly different from concomitantly administered vehicle control showing lack of cytotoxicity of the monoazo dyes at these doses. The monoazo dyes show the potential of being utilized as colorants, pending further required tests. © The Author(s) 2012.	4-Carboxyl-2; 6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes; azo-hydrazone tautomerism; chromosomal aberrations; in vivo comet assay; mitotic index	2 butanone; 4 [(2 hydroxynapthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [(4 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [[2 hydroxy 7 (3 oxobutyl)naphthalen 1 yl]diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [[7 (1 carboyethyl) 2 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl]diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; mitomycin; naphthalene derivative; unclassified drug; azo compound; coloring agent; naphthalene derivative; absorption; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; aqueous solution; article; bone marrow cell; chromosome damage; colloid; comet assay; controlled study; cytotoxicity; DNA damage; dose response; genotoxicity; in vitro study; male; mitosis index; mouse; nonhuman; animal; chemically induced; chromosome aberration; drug effects; mutagen testing; Animals; Azo Compounds; Chromosome Aberrations; Coloring Agents; Comet Assay; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Mice; Mutagenicity Tests; Naphthalenes	None
WoS	WOS:000326486400005	Evaluation of directly observed treatment short courses at a secondary health institution in Ibadan, Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria	Adegoke, Olajire A.,Orokotan, Olalekan A.	2013	ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE	6	12	10.1016/S1995-7645(13)60170-4	University of Ibadan	"Adegoke, Olajire A.: University of Ibadan","Orokotan, Olalekan A.: University of Ibadan"	Objective: To evaluate the success rate of tuberculosis intervention programme at a specialist hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria through a retrospective study as well as carry out physicochemical evaluation of anti tuberculous agents as a way of eliminating drug related failure. Methods: The retrospective study involved the use of quarterly tuberculosis central register at the Government Chest Hospital, Ibadan between 1st quarter (2003) to 4th quarter (2009). Relevant data were extracted from these register with the aid of data collection forms. The basic physicochemical analyses of the drugs given to the patients were also carried out using the International Pharmacopoeia methods. Results: All the drugs examined for their physicochemical properties passed the International Pharmacopeia recommended tests. A total number of 1 260 patients enrolled at the hospital were assessed through case notes. This comprises of 59.4% males of which 69.23% new cases were also males. There was a significant (P&lt;0.05) patient enrollment across the quarters for the seven years. An overall 80.24% cure rate over the 7 period was obtained which is less than the WHO target of 85%. Cure rates were better in females than males. Failure treatment outcomes such as positive (1.51%), deaths (8.73%), defaulted (3.33% and transferred out (5.95%) were recorded though not statistically significant (P&gt;0.05). Failure rates in all categories were higher in males than females (P&gt;0.05). Conclusions: More enlightenment and counseling is still required to meet up with the target for TB control.	"anti-TB drugs","DOTs therapy","PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATION","SUCCESS RATE",TUBERCULOSIS,BURDEN,DOTS,RISK-FACTORS,TUBERCULOSIS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862222142	Evaluation of the growth enhancement ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain isolated from the rhizosphere of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)	Adegunloye D.V., Adetuyi F.C.	2012	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	10	2	None	Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Nigeria	Adegunloye, D.V., Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Nigeria; Adetuyi, F.C., Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Nigeria	Seven bacteria species were isolated from rhizosphere of three cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seedlings grown in the screenhouse of the Department of the Crop, Soil and Pest Management, the Federal University of Technology, Akure. The isolated bacteria included Clostridium welchii, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus polymyxa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus sp. and Serratia marcescens. The growth-promoting and biocontrol potential of one of the isolated bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated by growing cowpea in soil. Three experiments were set up: A cowpea planted in unsterilized soil, B cowpea planted in sterilized soil and C cowpea coated with cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were planted in sterilized soil, respectively. The appearance, stem girth, above ground stem and the number of leaves formed by the different plants were the parameters used and observation commenced from three days after planting to a period of three weeks. Plant C germinated properly without infection and showed a steady increase in stem girth from 0.15 to 0.19 mm over the period of three weeks. Plant B increased in stem girth from 0.13 to 0.17 mm. In plant A germination was not observed on the third day, however, the stem girth ranged between 0.01mm after the sixth day to 0.13 mm after 3 weeks. The height of the plant A, B, and C increased from 2.0 to 9.0 cm, from 2.8 to 14.0 cm and from 4.0 to 14.5 cm, respectively. The number of leaves was 2-5 for plant A, 2-12 for plant B and 3-15 for C, this was for a period of three weeks. Three out of the four seeds coated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa developed into healthy stems while in the untreated seeds only two seeds germinated. Therefore, Pseudomonas aeruginosa produce substances that could enhance the growth of cowpea.	Cowpea; Enhancement; Evaluation; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rhizosphere	article; bacterial growth; bacterial strain; bacterium isolation; cowpea; germination; nonhuman; plant leaf; plant stem; plantation; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; rhizosphere	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929887653	Quality Evaluation of Kokoro Produced from Maize–Pigeon Pea Flour Blends	Adegunwa M.O., Adeniyi O.D., Adebowale A.A., Bakare H.A.	2015	Journal of Culinary Science and Technology	13	3	10.1080/15428052.2015.1015665	Department of Hospitality and Tourism, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Adegunwa, M.O., Department of Hospitality and Tourism, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adeniyi, O.D., Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adebowale, A.A., Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Bakare, H.A., Department of Hospitality and Tourism, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Kokoro is a very popular local snack in Nigeria made from whole maize flour. Kokoro snack produced from maize–pigeon pea flour blends was evaluated. Pigeon pea flour was added to increase the protein content of Kokoro. Maize and Pigeon pea flour (PPF) were mixed in various proportions. The blends were made into a thick dough, shaped into a ring shape, and deep fried in hot vegetable oil (170°C) for 5 min. Functional and pasting properties of the blended flour were evaluated, while the products obtained were analyzed for proximate composition, sensory and textural analysis. Oil absorption of the flour blends decreased with increase in PPF (1.95–1.50 g/ml). Foaming capacity (4.38–1.00%) and foaming stability (0.81–0.40%) decreased with increase in PPF.There were significant changes (p < 0.05) in the pasting properties of the resulting flour blends where 100% maize had the highest value of 89.17 RVU and 242.50 RVU for peak and final viscosity, respectively. Crude protein and fat of kokoro snack increased with increase in PPF, ranging from 8.31 to 15.14 % and 15.47 to 18.14%, respectively. This indicates the potentials of the PPF in improving the nutritional status of the snack. There were no significant differences in the thickness and energy to break the snack, regardless of the level of substitution. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in all the sensory attributes of the kokoro. The results revealed that 30 and 40% substitution of PPF were not significantly different from 100% whole maize kokoro, which is the normal traditional one. © , Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	kokoro; maize flour; Pigeon pea flour; proximate properties; textural analysis	Grain (agricultural product); Proteins; Sensory analysis; kokoro; Maize flour; Pigeon pea; proximate properties; Textural analysis; Quality control; Cajanus cajan; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78149404628	Comparative in vivo evaluation of the trypanocidal activities of aqueous leaf, stem-bark and root extracts of Khaya senegalensis on Trypanosoma evansi	Adeiza A.A., Mohammed A., Mamman M.	2010	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	4	17	None	Animal Health and Husbandry Department, College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, P. M. B. 2134, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria; Animal Production Technology Department, College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello Univer	Adeiza, A.A., Animal Health and Husbandry Department, College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, P. M. B. 2134, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria; Mohammed, A., Animal Production Technology Department, College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, P. M. B. 2134, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria; Mamman, M., National Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Surame Road, Kaduna, Nigeria	The effects of three different parts of Khaya senegalensis, commonly used in the traditional treatment of diseases in Northern Nigeria was examined in Trypanosoma evansi infected rats. At a dose of 120 mg/ml body weight for 3 consecutive days, the aqueous stem bark extract completely suppressed parasite establishment. The dose cured the experimentally infected rats in 9 days. The aqueous leaf extract showed a weak trypanocidal activity while the stem bark extract showed the most activity that is dose dependent. The results suggested that traditional use of K. senegalensis extracts has a pharmacological basis. © 2010 Academic Journals.	In vivo; Khaya senegalensis; Parasitaemia; Trypanocidal activity; Trypanosoma evansi	alkaloid; antiprotozoal agent; carbohydrate; cardiac glycoside; diminazene aceturate; flavanoid; Khaya senegalensis extract; plant extract; samorenil; saponin; sugar; tannin derivative; terpene; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; antiprotozoal activity; article; bark; chemical composition; comparative study; controlled study; drug dose comparison; drug efficacy; drug screening; female; Khaya senegalensis; male; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant; plant leaf; plant root; plant stem; rat; surra; treatment duration; treatment response; Trypanosoma evansi; Khaya senegalensis; Rattus; Trypanosoma evansi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73449094941	Phytochemical screening and evaluation of some medicinal plants for their in vitro activities on Trypanosoma evansi	Adeiza A.A., Maikai V.A., Hassan F.B.	2009	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	3	4	None	College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria	Adeiza, A.A., College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria; Maikai, V.A., College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria; Hassan, F.B., College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando Road, Kaduna, Nigeria	In an attempt to search for new eco-friendly trypanocidal drugs, water and methanol extracts were prepared from three medicinal plants used by herbalists in Nigeria for the treatment of malaria and other ailments. The different portions of the extracts were incubated at various concentrations, 2, 4, 8, 10 mg/ml with Trypanosoma evansi. The results revealed that Khaya senegalensis and Anonna senegalensis were able to immobilize the parasites at 10 mg/ml while Prosopis africana did not show any activity. Phytochemical profile of the plants showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponnins and cardiac glycosides. The results obtained with these crude extracts showed that these plants are potential sources of trypanocidal drugs/chemical leads. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Anonna senegalensis; Antitrypanosomal activity; Khaya senegalensis; Prosopis africana; Trypanosoma evansi	alkaloid derivative; Anonna senegalensis extract; cardiac glycoside; flavonoid; Khaya senegalensis extract; methanol; plant extract; prosopis africana extract; saponin derivative; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; water; Anonna senegalensis; antiprotozoal activity; article; chemical composition; concentration response; controlled study; drug isolation; drug screening; immobilization; in vitro study; Khaya senegalensis; medicinal plant; Nigeria; nonhuman; phytochemistry; prosopis africana; Trypanosoma evansi; Annona; Khaya senegalensis; Prosopis africana; Trypanosoma evansi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960393924	Effect of cocoa pod husk ash and goat dung on nutrient content and growth performance of cashew (Anacardium occidentale)	Adejobi K.B., Famaye A.O., Adeniyi D.O., Orisajo S.B., Adeyemi E.A.	2011	Advances in Environmental Biology	5	7	None	Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Adejobi, K.B., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Famaye, A.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adeniyi, D.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Orisajo, S.B., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adeyemi, E.A., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	The effect of different levels of cocoa pod husk ash and goat dung on nutrient uptake and growth performance of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) seedlings was investigated at Ibadan in the rain forest zone of Nigeria. The organic fertilizer treatments; cocoa pod husk ash(CPHA) and goat dung(GD) were applied at 6.5g of CPHA (5t/ha), 25g of GD (20t/ha) 12.5g of GD +6.5g of CPHA (10+5t/ha) 18.75g of GD + 6.5g of CPHA (15t+6.5t/ha), 25g of GD + 6.5g of CPHA (20t+5t/ha) 6.5g of GD+6.5g of CPHA (5t+5t/ha), 0.6g of urea (400kg/ha), per 2.5 kg of soil filled poly bag. The results showed that these organic fertilizers increased significantly (p<0.05) the growth parameters (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area leaf number, number of branch, root and shoot length, root and shoot dry weight and root and shoot fresh weight), soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na soil pH and organic matter (O.M) compared to the control treatment. 20 t/ha of GD + 5 tons/ha of CPHA treatment had the highest values of cashew seedlings performance compared to 5t/ha CPHA, 20t/ha GD, 400kg / ha urea, and the control treatment respectively. For instance, combined application of 20t/ha of GD +5t/ha of CPHA increased the plant height, number of leaf, leaf area, stem diameter, number of branch, root and shoot length, fresh and dry root weight,fresh and dry shoot weight of cashew seedlings by 45%, 29%, 12%, 52%, 59%,34%, 32%, 14%, 14%, 33% and 17% respectively compared to sole application of 20 tons/ha of GD. When compared with urea fertilizer application, 20t/ha GD+5t/ha CPHA treatment also increased the plant height, number of leaf, leaf area, stem diameter, number of branch, root and shoot length, dry and fresh root weight, dry and fresh shoot weight of cashew seeding by 25%, 28% 9%,46%,59%,19%,18%,32%,14%,6% and 13% respectively. For leaf chemical composition of cashew seedlings, 20t/ha GD and 5t CPHA increased leaf N, P, K, Mg, Ca and Na by 57%, 22%, 27%,28%, 50%, and 56% respectively compared with the control. When compared with urea fertilizer treatment, 20t/ha of GD + 5 t/ ha of CPHA increased the leaf N, P, K, Mg and Ca by 18%,56%, 10% 12% and 20%, respectively. However, urea fertilizer increased leaf N, K, and Ca by 48%, 19%, and 38% compared to control treatment. For soil chemical composition, 20t/ha GD 5t/ha CPHA manure also increased the soil pH, OC, OM, N,P, K, Na, Mg and Ca by 18%,26%, 29%, 50%, 80%, 43%, 30%, 14%, and 9% respectively compared to urea fertilizer treatment. However, 20%t/ha GD + 5t/ha CPHA (25g GD+6.5g CPHA) was the most effective treatment in improving cashew seedlings performance, soil and leaf mineral composition. Therefore it could be recommended to cashew farmers.	Cashew; Cocoa pod husk ash; Goat dung; Growth; Nutrient uptake	Anacardium occidentale; Capra hircus; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878515033	Effect of sun-dried, soaked and cooked wild cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) meal on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers	Adejoro F.A., Ijadunola T.I., Odetola O.M., Omoniyi B.A.	2013	Livestock Research for Rural Development	25	6	None	Federal University, Oye Ekiti, Ikole Campus, Nigeria; Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adejoro, F.A., Federal University, Oye Ekiti, Ikole Campus, Nigeria; Ijadunola, T.I., Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria; Odetola, O.M., Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria; Omoniyi, B.A., Federal University, Oye Ekiti, Ikole Campus, Nigeria	This study was carried out to determine the performance of broilers fed diets containing wild cocoyam meal (WCM) using sun drying, soaking or cooking as processing methods to improve its nutritive value as a replacement for maize in broiler diets. Seven experimental diets were formulated with diet 1 (control) containing 0% WCM, while diets 2 to 7 contained sun dried (Su), soaked (So) or cooked (Co) wild cocoyam meal each at 10% and 20% inclusion levels respectively. Two hundred and fifty two (252) one-day old broiler chicks sourced from a commercial hatchery were allocated into 7 treatments of 12 birds in 3 replicates in a completely randomised design and dietary treatment lasting 56days. Soaking and cooking significantly reduced the anti-nutritional factors in wild cocoyam meal better than sun drying. Final body weight, average weight gain and average daily weight gain were significantly different (P&lt;0.05) among the treatments. Control, So10, Co10 and Co20 showed better utilisation of feed than Su10, Su20 and So20. However, total feed consumption and average daily feed intake were not significantly different among the treatments. There were no significant differences in the overall carcass characteristics between the control diets and the varying levels of inclusion. It can be concluded that soaking and cooking were adequate to remove toxic phytochemicals in wild cocoyam meal to tolerable levels for broiler diets and inclusion up to 20% is advisable. At this level, growth and carcass characteristics were not significantly affected compared to the control diet. However, sun drying may be used as a treatment method when inclusion level is limited to 10% of total ration.	Anti-nutritional factors; Oxalate; Tannins; Taro; Toxicity	Aves; Colocasia esculenta; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871945216	Evaluation of compliance to radiation safety standard amongst radiographers in radiodiagnostic centres in South West, Nigeria	Adejumo S.B., Irurhe N.K., Olowoyeye O.A., Ibitoye A.Z., Eze C.U., Omiyi O.D.	2012	World Journal of Medical Sciences	7	3	10.5829/idosi.wjms.2012.7.3.6313	Department of Radiation Biology, Radiotherapy, Radiodiagnosis and Radiography, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Adejumo, S.B., Department of Radiation Biology, Radiotherapy, Radiodiagnosis and Radiography, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Irurhe, N.K., Department of Radiation Biology, Radiotherapy, Radiodiagnosis and Radiography, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Olowoyeye, O.A., Department of Radiation Biology, Radiotherapy, Radiodiagnosis and Radiography, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Ibitoye, A.Z., Department of Radiation Biology, Radiotherapy, Radiodiagnosis and Radiography, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Eze, C.U., Department of Radiation Biology, Radiotherapy, Radiodiagnosis and Radiography, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Omiyi, O.D., Department of Radiation Biology, Radiotherapy, Radiodiagnosis and Radiography, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria	The use of ionizing radiation has become very common in medicine since its discovery more than a century ago. Radiation protection has been the concern of national and international bodies because of the potential hazardous effects associated with ionizing radiation if not properly controlled. Radiographers, who are the major dispenser of ionizing radiation, need proper monitoring for safe practice. In Nigeria, Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NNRA) is saddled with the responsibility to regulate and monitor the use of ionizing radiation the country. International Commission on radiation Protection (ICRP), international commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) in conjunction with International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) had provided series of documents on radiation safety standards. One hundred radiographers from public and private radiodiagnostic centres administered questionnaires on compliance rate of safety standard as described by national and international commission on ionizing radiation. The result reveals high compliance rate in majority of radiodiagnostic centres located in south west Nigeria. Conclusively, this study showed that radiographers working in both private and public establishments in south west, Nigeria were been monitored and they strictly followed the radiation protection standard rules to be within radiation workers dose limits. © IDOSI Publications, 2012.	Compliance; Protection; Radiation; Radiographer; Safety; Standard	adult; article; clinical practice; controlled study; device safety; health personnel attitude; human; ionizing radiation; job satisfaction; Nigeria; occupational exposure; occupational hazard; occupational safety; protective equipment; radiation exposure; radiation protection; radiation safety; radiologist; work environment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-16344366747	Assessing the suitability of the epic crop model for use in the study of impacts of climate variability and climate change in West Africa	Adejuwon J.	2005	Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography	26	1	10.1111/j.0129-7619.2005.00203.x	Department of Geography, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adejuwon, J., Department of Geography, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	The EPIC (Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator) crop model, developed by scientists of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), has been successfully applied to the study of erosion, water pollution, crop growth and production in the US but is yet to be introduced for serious research purposes in other countries or regions. This paper reports on the applicability of the EPIC 8120 crop model for the assessment of the potential impacts of climate variability and climate change on crop productivity in sub-Saharan West Africa, using Nigeria as the case study. Among the crops whose productivity has been successfully simulated with this model are five of West Africa's staple food crops: maize, millet, sorghum (guinea corn), rice and cassava. Thus, using the model, the sensitivities of maize, sorghum and millet to seasonal rainfall were demonstrated with coefficients of correlation significant at over 98 per cent confidence limits. The validation tests were based on a comparison of the observed and the model-generated yields of rice and maize. The main problems of validation relate to the multiplicity of crop varieties with contrasting performances under similar field conditions. There are also the difficulties in representing micro-environments; in the model. Thus, some gaps appear between the observed and the simulated yields, arising from data or model deficiencies, or both. Based on the results of the sensitivity and validation tests, the EPIC crop model could be satisfactorily employed in assessing the impacts of and adaptations to climate variability and climate change. Its use for the estimation of production and the assessment of vulnerabilities need to be pursued with further field surveys and field experimentation. © Copyright 2005 Department of Geography, National University of Singapore and Blackwell Publishers. Ltd.	Adaptations; Climate change; Climate variability; Crop model; Impacts; West Africa	climate change; climate variation; crop production; crop yield; rainfall; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; World; Manihot esculenta; Zea mays	None
WoS	WOS:000344345100006	The Impact of Mentor Mother Programs on PMTCT Service Uptake and Retention-in-Care at Primary Health Care Facilities in Nigeria: A Prospective Cohort Study (MoMent Nigeria)	Adejuyigbe, Ebun,Adeyemi, Olusegun A.,Afe, Abayomi J.,Bassey, Emem,Charurat, Manhattan E.,Cornelius, Llewellyn J.,Galadanci, Hadiza,Isah, Haroun O.,Jolaoso, Ibidun,Okundaye, Joshua N.,Sam-Agudu, Nadia A.,Wiwa, Owens M.	2014	JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES	67	None	10.1097/QAI.0000000000000331	Bayero University, Obafemi Awolowo University, University of Maryland Baltimore, University System of Maryland, Clinton Hlth Access Initiat, Equitable Hlth Access Initiat, Fed Minist Hlth, Inst Human Virol Nigeria	"Adejuyigbe, Ebun: Obafemi Awolowo University","Charurat, Manhattan E.: University of Maryland Baltimore","Charurat, Manhattan E.: University System of Maryland","Cornelius, Llewellyn J.: University of Maryland Baltimore","Cornelius, Llewellyn J.: University System of Maryland","Galadanci, Hadiza: Bayero University","Okundaye, Joshua N.: University of Maryland Baltimore","Okundaye, Joshua N.: University System of Maryland",	Background:Nigeria is a key target country in the global effort toward elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Low coverage of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions, adherence, and retention-in-care rates in HIV-positive pregnant women are contributing factors to high mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) rates. In Nigeria, rural areas, served largely by primary health care facilities, have particularly poor indicators of PMTCT coverage. Mentor Mothers are HIV-positive women who serve as peer counselors for PMTCT clients, provide guidance, and support in keeping appointments and promoting antiretroviral adherence and retention-in-care. The Mother Mentor (MoMent) study aims to investigate the impact of structured Mentor Mother programs on PMTCT outcomes in rural Nigeria.Design and Methods:A prospective cohort study will compare rates of retention-in-care among PMTCT clients who are supported by formally-trained supervised Mentor Mothers versus clients who receive standard-of-care, informal peer support. Study sites are 20 primary health care centers (10 intervention, 10 control) in rural North-Central Nigeria. The study population is HIV-positive mothers and exposed infant pairs (MIPs) (N = 480; 240 MIPs per study arm). Primary outcome measures are the proportion of exposed infants receiving early HIV testing by age 2 months, and the proportion of MIPs retained in care at 6 months postpartum. Secondary outcome measures examine antiretroviral adherence, 12-month postpartum MIP retention, and MTCT rates. This article presents details of the study design, the structured Mentor Mother programs, and how their impact on PMTCT outcomes will be assessed.	ADHERENCE,"early infant diagnosis","Mentor Mother",NIGERIA,PMTCT,RETENTION,AFRICA,CASCADE,COMMUNITY,INTERVENTION,OUTCOMES,PREVENTION,"TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION",WORKERS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46549085181	Evaluation of crop yield models for cowpea in Nigeria	Adekalu K.O., Okunade D.A.	2008	Irrigation Science	26	5	10.1007/s00271-008-0103-6	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE 1 7RU, United Kingdom	Adekalu, K.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Okunade, D.A., School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE 1 7RU, United Kingdom	Three phasic models namely, Hanks (H-2), Stewart (S-2) and the Hall-Butcher (H-B), were evaluated on cowpea irrigated using a line source sprinkler system. Three sets of field data (1983, 1985, and 1986) were collected; the 1985 data were used for calibration while the 1983 and 1986 data were used for evaluation of the models. The model performance that most accurately matched the measured data was then used to simulate the most water-efficient irrigation schedule and deficit irrigation analysis for cowpea in Nigeria. Results showed that the models gave good estimates of cowpea grain yield with the H-2 model performing slightly better than the other two models. The weighted root mean square deviations were 0.043, 0.094, and 0.213 for the H-2, S-2 and the H-B model, respectively. Simulation studies with the H-2 model showed that irrigating at 40% moisture depletion is the most water-efficient schedule for cowpea and that greater yield from a given optimum seasonal water application for deficit irrigation can be achieved by splitting the seasonal deficit among the growth stages. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.	None	Computer simulation; Mathematical models; Moisture; Sprinkler systems (irrigation); Moisture depletion; Water-efficient irrigation; Crops; Computer simulation; Crops; Mathematical models; Moisture; Sprinkler systems (irrigation); calibration; crop yield; developmental stage; irrigation; legume; modeling; performance assessment; spray; yield response; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864137297	Derivation of the limits for control chart using the median absolute deviation for monitoring non-normal process	Adekeye K.S., Azubuike P.I.	2011	Journal of Mathematics and Statistics	8	1	10.3844/jmssp.2012.37.41	Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemers University (RUN), Nigeria	Adekeye, K.S., Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemers University (RUN), Nigeria; Azubuike, P.I., Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemers University (RUN), Nigeria	Problem statement: The Shewhart and S control charts, in the literature, were combined to evaluate the stability of a process. These charts were based on the fundamental assumption of normality of the quality characteristics under investigation. Approach: In practice, the normality assumption was often violated by real life data, therefore, use of the Shewhart and S control charts on real life data might leads to misplacement of control limits. There were many alternatives in the literature to handle non-normality of quality characteristics. The Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) claimed in the literature to be the best estimate when the data under consideration is non-normal. Thus in this study, we derived the control limits for the-control chart using the median absolute deviation for monitoring process stability when the quality characteristic under investigation was non-normal. Results: The derived control limits were compared with the control limits when the sample standard deviation was used as a measure of controlling the process variability using manufacturing process (real life) data. Furthermore, a simulation study was carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed MAD based control charts on both normal and non-normal process. Conclusion: The obtained results show that the derived control limit is an improvement on the control limit of the Shewhart and that the MAD control charts performed better for non-normal process than for normal process. © 2012 Science Publications.	Cofta tablet; Control charts; Control limits interval; Manufacturing process; Median absolute deviation; Non-normal; Process variability; Sigma approach; Soft drink; Standard deviation; Statistical process	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70449365116	Biochemical evaluation of hepatotoxicity in mice due to administration of artemether	Adekunle A.S., Agbedana E.O., Egbewale B.E.	2009	Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry	91	4	10.1080/02772240802445522	Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Faculty of Basic Medica	Adekunle, A.S., Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Agbedana, E.O., Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Egbewale, B.E., Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Effects of artemether administration on liver and selected biochemical parameters were evaluated. Eighty albino mice were divided into four equal groups. Group 1 was given water which served as control, while groups 2, 3, and 4 were given 1.2, 2.4, or 4.8 mg kg-1 body weight artemether intramuscularly for five consecutive days. On day 6 all mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and blood was collected for analysis of alanine and aspartate transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, copper, and total proteins. Liver tissues were prepared for histological studies. It was found that the serum alanine and aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities were higher in groups treated with artemether compared to control. The serum concentrations of copper and total proteins were lower than control. The histological features of liver tissues after administration of artemether showed histopathological alterations. These findings showed that artemether administration may have reversible adverse effects on mouse hepatocytes. © 2009 Taylor &amp; Francis.	Antimalaria; Artemether; Biochemical parameters; Hepatotoxicity; Malaria; Mice	Antimalaria; Artemether; Biochemical parameters; Hepatotoxicity; Malaria; Mice; Body fluids; Histology; Proteins; Liver; biochemical composition; blood; cytology; drug; enzyme; histology; histopathology; malaria; rodent; toxicity test; Mus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857316049	Development and performance evaluation of manually and motorized operated melon shelling machine using impact technique	Adekunle A.S., Ohijeagbon I.O., Olusegun H.D.	2009	Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review	2	1	None	Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	Adekunle, A.S., Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Ohijeagbon, I.O., Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Olusegun, H.D., Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	Melon shelling in most part of the world is usually done manually by hand, and like all other manual operations it is time consuming and strenuous. The design and construction of manually and motorized operated melon shelling machine using impact method was done in order to meet the domestic, commercial and industrial requirement of melon for food processing. Two of the main cultivars of melon found in Western part of Nigeria; which are Bara and Serewe can be shelled properly by this machine; the machine is made up of three sections namely the hopper, the shelling chamber which consists of the shelling disc and the shaft, and the gear system. The machine was made from locally sourced materials and it can be used in both urban and rural areas even where there is no power supply. The percentage of melon been shelled in either manual or motorized operation in two successive runs of the two types of melon (Bara and Serewe) was found to be above eighty percent (80%) and the shelling efficiency of the machine is above 68%. © 2009 Kavala Institute of Technology.	Design; Impact; Manually; Melon; Motorized; Shelling	Impact; Manually; Melon; Motorized; Shelling; Design; Gears; Rural areas; Food processing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956959511	Evaluating environmental impact of nigerian composted wastes using laboratory extraction test	Adekunle I.M.	2010	Environmental Engineering and Management Journal	9	5	None	University of Agriculture, Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Adekunle, I.M., University of Agriculture, Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Composting is an option for biodegradable waste management in Nigeria, but there is no relatively simple, fast screening compliance procedure applied to allow reliable judgment of acceptability of the recycled waste materials for land use. This study, therefore, investigated the possibility of using water extractable metal fraction at different water to compost ratios (W/C); 50:1, 20:1, 10:1, 5:1 and 2:1, to evaluate the potential availability of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd contained in 6 compost formulations via batch extraction procedure. The effect of turning during compost production, on the metal water solubility was also assessed. Metal concentration was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry, after acid digestion. Results showed that the percentages of water extractable metal fraction (PWE) varied from 2.43 to 34.11% for Cu, 1.6 to 23.33% for Cd, 0.76 to 20.88% for Pb and 0.01 to 7.11% for Zn and their correlations against W/C gave negative coefficients (-0.100 to -0.809). From the maximum value, PWE decreased in the order: Cu > Cd > Pb > Zn and for a rapid assessment of potential metal availability from these composts, W/C from 5:1 to 20:1 could be the best indicator. The factor of turning during the composting procedure did not appear to have played a significant role in the metal availability. Study contributes to the development of base knowledge necessary to define compost land application practices that are protective of soil and water quality in the country.	Composting; Environment; Nigeria; Organic wastes; Risk assessment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955618059	Logging impacts in tropical lowland humid forest on tree species diversity and environmental conservation	Adekunle V.A.J., Olagoke A.O., Ogundare L.F.	2010	Journal of Sustainable Forestry	29	5	10.1080/10549811.2010.489923	Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Forestry and Wildlife Services, Ondo State Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries, Akure, Nigeria	Adekunle, V.A.J., Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Olagoke, A.O., Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Ogundare, L.F., Department of Forestry and Wildlife Services, Ondo State Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries, Akure, Nigeria	This study assessed the effects of exploitations in natural forest ecosystems on tree species diversity and environmental conservation. This was achieved by comparing tree species diversity and yield in an unlogged forest (Strict Nature Reserve) and a forest reserve where active logging is in progress in Ondo State, Nigeria. Eight plots (20 m × 20 m) were assessed in each site using systematic sampling techniques. All living trees with dbh >10 cm were identified, categorized into families with their diameter at breast height (dbh) measured in each plot. Shannon-Weiner and species evenness indices were used to assess and compare tree species diversity and abundance. The results show that the tropical humid forest is very rich in tree species, as a total of 54 different tropical hardwood species from 23 families were encountered in both forest types. There were 46 species distributed among 21 families in the unlogged forest and 24 species in 14 families in the logged forest. Shannon-Weiner diversity index of 3.16 and 3.03 and evenness index of .83 and .81 were also obtained for the unlogged and logged forest, respectively. Every variable computed had a higher value in the unlogged forest relative to the logged forest. In the unlogged forest, the species with the highest number of occurrence was Mansonia altissima A. Chev. (80 stems/ha). Caesalpinoidae and Sterculiaceae families had the highest number of species (6). In the logged forest, Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum. (18 stems/ha) had the highest frequency and Caesalpinoidae family has the highest number of species (4). The study concludes that exploitation has affected species diversity in the ecosystem and subsequently, the roles of trees in environmental conservation are affected. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	deforestation; exploitation; Strict Nature Reserve; systematic sampling technique; unlogged	Diameter-at-breast heights; Diversity index; Environmental conservation; exploitation; Forest reserves; Forest type; Logging impacts; Natural forest ecosystems; Nature reserves; Nigeria; Number of species; Species diversity; Species evenness; Systematic sampling; Tree species; Tree species diversity; Tropical hardwood; Tropical humid forests; unlogged; Conservation; Deforestation; Ecosystems; Environmental protection; Hardwoods; Tropics; Biodiversity; diversity index; ecosystem response; exploitation; forest ecosystem; humid tropics; logging (timber); lowland environment; nature conservation; nature reserve; sampling; species diversity; species evenness; tropical forest; Conservation; Deforestation; Ecosystems; Forests; Hardwoods; Nigeria; Triplochiton; Tropics; Nigeria; Ondo; Malvaceae; Mansonia altissima; Triplochiton scleroxylon	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960110966	The impacts of timber harvesting on residual trees and seedlings in a tropical rain forest ecosystem, southwestern Nigeria	Adekunle V.A.J., Olagoke A.O.	2010	International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystems Services and Management	6	04-Mar	10.1080/21513732.2010.534976	Forest Ecology Research Unit, Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Adekunle, V.A.J., Forest Ecology Research Unit, Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Olagoke, A.O., Forest Ecology Research Unit, Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	This study examined logging damage to non-targeted neighbouring plant species and the forest ecosystem in a tropical forest in Ondo State, southwest Nigeria. Tree growth variables were recorded before and after felling, as was the number of crosscut logs. All plant species damaged during harvesting were enumerated and identified and the nature and level of the damage was also determined. Data providing demographic information, causes of damage to residual plants and measures to reduce the damage were obtained from the loggers using questionnaires. Data were collected on selective logging of 41 tree species. Despite selective logging practices, during felling, plants were damaged, soil compacted and the ecosystem disturbed. The observed damage to residual trees and seedlings ranged from 5% to 70% and it is therefore concluded that reduced impact logging and training of loggers is necessary to minimise the impacts. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.	Logging; Ondo State; Reduced impact logging	data set; demography; forest ecosystem; growth rate; harvesting; questionnaire survey; rainforest; seedling; selective logging; species diversity; timber harvesting; tropical region; Nigeria; Ondo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903143000	Evaluating the impact of red-edge band from Rapideye image for classifying insect defoliation levels	Adelabu S., Mutanga O., Adam E.	2014	ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing	95	None	10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.05.013	University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Geography Department, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg, School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, Private Bag X3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	Adelabu, S., University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Geography Department, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; Mutanga, O., University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Geography Department, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; Adam, E., University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg, School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, Private Bag X3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa	The prospect of regular assessments of insect defoliation using remote sensing technologies has increased in recent years through advances in the understanding of the spectral reflectance properties of vegetation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of the red edge channel of Rapideye imagery to discriminate different levels of insect defoliation in an African savanna by comparing the results of obtained from two classifiers. Random Forest and Support vector machine classification algorithms were applied using different sets of spectral analysis involving the red edge band. Results show that the integration of information from red edge increases classification accuracy of insect defoliation levels in all analysis performed in the study. For instance, when all the 5 bands of Rapideye imagery were used for classification, the overall accuracies increases about 19% and 21% for SVM and RF, respectively, as opposed to when the red edge channel was excluded. We also found out that the normalized difference red-edge index yielded a better accuracy result than normalized difference vegetation index. We conclude that the red-edge channel of relatively affordable and readily available high-resolution multispectral satellite data such as Rapideye has the potential to considerably improve insect defoliation classification especially in sub-Saharan Africa where data availability is limited. © 2014 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS).	NDVI; NDVI-RE; Random forest; Support vector machine	Decision trees; Spectrum analysis; Support vector machines; Classification accuracy; Multispectral satellite data; NDVI; NDVI-RE; Normalized difference vegetation index; Random forests; Remote sensing technology; Support vector machine classification; Classification (of information); accuracy assessment; algorithm; classification; defoliation; image analysis; NDVI; plant-insect interaction; remote sensing; satellite data; satellite imagery; savanna; spectral reflectance; Africa; Hexapoda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349574617	Evaluation of the Histo-Gastroprotective and antimicrobial activities of Heliotropium indicum linn (Boraginaceae)	Adelaja A.A., Ayoola M.D., Otulana J.O., Akinola O.B., Olayiwola A., Ejiwunmi A.B.	2008	Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences	15	3	None	Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 1515, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 1515, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria; Depar	Adelaja, A.A., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 1515, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ayoola, M.D., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 1515, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria; Otulana, J.O., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 1515, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria; Akinola, O.B., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Olayiwola, A., Department of Morbid Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 1515, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ejiwunmi, A.B., Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 1515, Ikenne, Ogun State, Nigeria	Heliotropium indicum of the family Boraginaceae is used locally in Nigeria to treat ailments such as ulcer and fever. In this study, ulceration of the gastric mucosa in Wistar rats was induced via the oral administration of 80mg/kg/bodyweight of Indomethacin. Histological analyses of the stomach body wall in the rats of Groups 2 and 4 (which received 100mg/kg/bodyweight of extract before oral administration of 80mg/kg/bodyweight Indomethacin and 80mg/kg/bodyweight Indomethacin only respectively) showed erosion of the mucus-secreting cells, gastric pit, upper and middle parts of gastric glands and some of the parietal cells. Histological observations of the stomach body wall in rats of Group 5 (which received 200mg/kg/bodyweight of extract before oral administration of 80mg/kg/bodyweight of Indomethacin) showed erosion of the mucus-secreting cells, gastric pit and the upper most part of the gastric gland. Histological observations of the stomach body wall in rats of Groups 1, 6 and 3 (which received 50mg/kg/bodyweight of Ranitidine and 400mg/kg/bodyweight of extract before oral administration of 80mg/kg/bodyweight Indomethacin; and only 80mg/kg/bodyweight of Normal Saline respectively) showed normal morphological appearance of the different components of the mucosa layer. Thus, the aqueous extracts of the dried leaves of Heliotropium indicum have dose dependent histo-gastroprotective effects.	Heliotropium indicum; Histo-gastroprotective effects; Mucosa; Ulcerated gastric	Heliotropium indicum extract; indometacin; plant extract; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antimicrobial activity; article; controlled study; Heliotropium; heliotropium indicum; histopathology; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; rat; stomach erosion; stomach mucosa; stomach parietal cell; stomach protection; stomach ulcer; Wistar rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870044858	Design, analysis and experimental evaluation of photovoltaic forced convection solar dryer for the tropics	Adelaja A.O., Ojolo S.J.	2010	International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa	3	None	10.4028/www.scientific.net/JERA.3.49	Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	Adelaja, A.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria; Ojolo, S.J., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria	The photovoltaic (pv) forced convection solar dryer comprises the solar collector, dryer and pv assemblies. It is designed for a continuous operation throughout the day. The direct solar irradiation is utilized during sunshine hours and it automatically switches power supply to the battery during cloud covers and non-insolation periods. The inclusion of a heat reservoir enables heat transfer to continue during this period. In this study, thermal and dryer analyses were done. Experimental investigations were carried out to evaluate the performance of the system by drying plantain chips. The useful power collected was found to be, 391.50W, collector efficiency, 65.6%, dryer efficiency, 39.6%, average drying rate during insolation, 0.0169kg/hr and total drying time was 23 hours. The maximum temperature attained was 55°C. The average drying non insolation period was 0.0112kg/hr. The capital cost is less than $350. © (2010) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.	Drying analysis; Forced convection; Photovoltaic module; Solar dryer; Thermal analysis	Capital costs; Cloud cover; Continuous operation; Direct solar; Dryer efficiency; Drying rates; Drying time; Experimental evaluation; Experimental investigations; Heat reservoirs; Maximum temperature; Photovoltaic; Photovoltaic modules; Power supply; Sunshine Hour; Drying; Forced convection; Incident solar radiation; Thermoanalysis; Solar dryers	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877646793	Technical evaluation of ondo bitumen for direct asphalt concrete mix design	Adeleke A.A., Adeosun A.S., Disu A.O., Olorunniwo E.O.	2012	Petroleum and Coal	54	3	None	Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adeleke, A.A., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adeosun, A.S., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Disu, A.O., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Olorunniwo, E.O., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	The suitability or otherwise of the abundant Nigerian Ondo bitumen as a binder in hot mix asphalt concrete mix design for roadmaking has not been established. Samples of Ondo bitumen (as-received and as-refined) were tested for specific gravity, softening point and penetration. Concrete mixes were also prepared with standard proportions of aggregates with Ondo bitumen (as-received and as-refined) and standard bitumen as binders. The concrete mixes were then compacted to standard cylindrical specimens for Marshall stability indices tests. The results of physico-chemical tests gave the specific gravity, softening point and penetration for the Ondo bitumen as-received as 1.12, 77°C and 44.3 mm, while the values for the refined product were 1.03, 52°C and 67 mm, respectively. The Marshall stability tests for Ondo bitumen (as-received) at 5.8% of the weight of aggregate yielded 25.5 KN, 15 mm, 77.4%, while that of Ondo bitumen as-refined gave 13.03 KN, 35 mm, 77.4%; respectively. When the physico-chemical properties Ondo bitumen (as-received and asrefined) were compared with those of standard bitumen, only the refined product was found to satisfy the requirements for concrete mix design. The Marshall stability results however showed that Ondo bitumen concrete mixes (as-received and as-refined) do not meet the standard specifications for stability and flow. The results obtained thus suggest that Ondo bitumen may not be useable alone for direct asphalt mix design.	Aggregate; Bitumen; Concrete; Marshall; Penetration; Stability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888201097	Evaluation of the mechanical properties of reinforcing steel bars from collapsed building sites	Adeleke A.A., Odusote J.K.	2013	Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention	13	6	10.1007/s11668-013-9739-5	Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Adeleke, A.A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Odusote, J.K., Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Mechanical properties of reinforcing steel bars obtained from three different collapsed building sites in Lagos, Nigeria were examined. An optical emission spectrometer was used for chemical composition analysis while the tensile test was carried out using a Universal Testing Machine. The yield strength of the steel bars was found to be higher than BS4449 (GRADE 460B), Nst.65-Mn, and ASTM A706 standards, while their percentage elongations were lower than most of the standards. The steel bars used at the Sango collapse site have higher UTS compared with the standards, while those used at Ilesanmi and Ewuntun collapse sites have UTS values that are in close range with the standards. The reinforcing bar obtained from Ilesanmi collapsed site has higher percentage elongation than ASTM A706 standard but lower than Nst.65-Mn and BS4449 (GRADE 460B) standards. The bars obtained from Sango and Ewuntun collapse sites displayed lower percentage elongation compared with that from Ilesanmi site. All the investigated reinforcing bars possessed reasonably high strength with low ductility. Thus, these bars are susceptible to brittle fracture, which might have contributed to the collapse of the building structures. © 2013 ASM International.	Collapsed building; Ductility; Reinforced steel bars; Ultimate tensile strength; Yield strength	Chemical composition analysis; Collapsed buildings; Optical emission spectrometer; Percentage elongation; Reinforced steel; Reinforcing steel bar; Ultimate tensile strength; Universal testing machines; Brittle fracture; Ductility; Elongation; Manganese; Reinforced concrete; Standards; Surveying; Tensile strength; Tensile testing; Yield stress; Bars (metal)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908657963	Residents’ perception of tourism impact on the physical environment of Redemption Camp, Ogun State, Nigeria	Adeleke B.O.	2014	Quality - Access to Success	15	None	None	Redeemer’s University, Nigeria	Adeleke, B.O., Redeemer’s University, Nigeria	Researchers had generally observed that inappropriate tourism development often leads to increased stress on destinations’ physical and sociocultural characteristics. The Redemption Camp being a world renowned religion tourist destination has been susceptible to physical environment degradation over the years. This paper therefore aims to assess Redemption Camp residents’ perception of positive and negative impact of tourism on the physical environment of the redemption camp. The data for this study were obtained through a questionnaire survey of 146 households’ heads or their representatives. The sample was selected through a random sampling technique. Descriptive statistical analysis and chisquare analysis were employed to analyse the results. From the results it can be concluded that many natural resources in the redemption are endangered as a result of religion tourism. It is therefore recommended that town and land-use planning authorities should be involved in safe-guarding the natural areas, water bodies, and sustainable conversion of wild land to tourist sites. © 2014, SRAC - Societatea Romana Pentru Asigurarea Calitatii. All rights reserved.	Environment; Natural resources; Redemption Camp; Sustainable; Tourism	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953129061	Assessment of health impacts of vehicular pollution on occupationally exposed people in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria	Adeleke M.A., Bamgbose J.T., Oguntoke O., Itua E.O., Bamgbose O.	2011	Trace Elements and Electrolytes	28	2	10.5414/TEP28128	Department Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Adeleke, M.A., Department Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Bamgbose, J.T., Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oguntoke, O., Department Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Itua, E.O., Department Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Bamgbose, O., Department Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	This study assessed the concentration of Nitrogen Oxide (NOx), Sulphur Oxide (SOx), Carbonmonoxide (CO), Benzene, Toluene, MP-Xylene and O-xylene (BTEX,) Total Suspended Particulate, (TSP) and Particulate Matter (PM; PM10 and PM2.5) in the ambient air at selected locations in Lagos, Nigeria. The health impact of these pollutants was investigated among exposed group of people (especially CarbonmonoxyHemoglobin (COHb), and pulmonary function). The health profile of the general populace was also examined for cases of ailments related to air pollution. The mean level of TSP was lowest at Unilag (130.6 ± 44.5 ug/m3) the control, while the highest concentration was measured at Mazamaza (1171.7 ± 355.1 ug/m3) throughout the study period. The CO level measured was in the order of Ikotun (3.40 ± 1.3 ppm) &gt; Ikeja (1.70 ± 0.4 ppm) &gt; Unilag (0.10 ± 0.0 ppm). Mean SO2 concentration ranged with a highest value at Oshodi (116.3 ± 27.3 ppb) to a lowest level at Unilag (9.40 ± 0.9 ppb) while the NO2 concentration ranged from a highest value of (138.6 ± 78.4 ppb) for Oshodi to a lowest value of (8.76 ± 3.0 ppb) for Unilag. The concentration of gaseous pollutants that are linked with cancers; benzene, Toluene, MP-Xylene and O-xylene showed the highest level at Mazamaza. At this location, the concentrations of the pollutants were in the order of 17.58 ± 8.8, 36.92 ± 19.6, 21.57 ± 10.5 and 8.03 ± 3.9 (ppb), respectively. On the other hand, Unilag had the lowest level of each of these pollutants (3.47 ± 3.84, 5.3 ± 6.0; 3.37 ± 3.4 and 1.27 ± 1.5 ppb). ANOVA result showed that each pollutant varied significantly among the selected locations (p &lt; 0.05). The broad-profile of diagnosed health problems among residents that visited public hospitals showed high prevalence of upper respiratory tract infection (45.3%) followed by asthma (18.9%), broncho-pneumonia (14.8%) and pneumonia (5.6%). Formore than 30% of the occupationally exposed, exposure had lasted 6 - 10 y, accounting for the higher concentration of CO (1.18 ± 0.43 ppm) in their breath compared to the control (0.63 ± 0.59 ppm). ©2011 Dustri-Verlag Dr. K. Feistle.	Air pollution; COHb; Health impact; Respiratory diseases; Vehicle emission	benzene; carbon monoxide; carboxyhemoglobin; nitrogen oxide; ortho xylene; sulfur oxide; toluene; xylene; acute sinusitis; adult; air pollution; air quality; article; asthma; bronchitis; bronchopneumonia; chronic bronchitis; controlled study; disease association; health hazard; human; lung function; major clinical study; neoplasm; Nigeria; obstructive airway disease; occupational exposure; particulate matter; pleura effusion; pneumonia; priority journal; suspended particulate matter; tonsillitis; upper respiratory tract infection	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79651473539	Growth performance of Nigerian local chickens in crosses involving an exotic broiler breeder	Adeleke M.A., Peters S.O., Ozoje M.O., Ikeobi C.O.N., Bamgbose A.M., Adebambo O.A.	2011	Tropical Animal Health and Production	43	3	10.1007/s11250-010-9747-3	Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States; Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.	Adeleke, M.A., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Peters, S.O., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, United States; Ozoje, M.O., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ikeobi, C.O.N., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Bamgbose, A.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adebambo, O.A., Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Six-hundred-and-seven-day-old chicks were generated from Nigerian local chickens consisting of three genotypes (Normal-feathered; Frizzled-feathered; Naked neck) and an exotic broiler breeder (Anak Titan) to evaluate growth performance for possible meat-type chicken development. Growth parameters measured were body weight, breast girth and keel length on weekly basis for 20 weeks. Effects of sire, dam and chick genotypes were significant (P < 0.001) on growth traits. At week 20, chickens sired by the Anak Titan weighed 1,614.82 g followed by Normal-feathered local chickens with body weight of 1,211.32 g. Progenies of Anak Titan and Naked neck dams weighed 1,761.96 and 1,292.80 g at week 20, respectively. Among purebreds, Anak Titan weighed 35. 05 g at day-old and had heaviest body weight of 2,360.29 g at 20 weeks compared to the three local strains. The average body weights for the crossbred, Normal-feathered×Anak Titan at day-old and week 20 were 36.39 and 1,577.63 g, respectively. This was followed by Anak Titan×Naked neck with 33.32 g at day-old and 1,514.14 g at week 20. Sex had significant effect (P < 0.05) at weeks 16 and 20 with the males having higher mean values than their female counterparts. This study revealed that crosses involving Anak Titan sire×Naked neck dam had highest growth performance, and there was no strain differences among the growth performance of purebred Nigerian local chickens. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Crossbreeding; Exotic; Genotypes; Indigenous chickens; Nigeria	animal; article; body weight; breeding; chicken; cross breeding; female; genetic variability; genetics; genotype; growth, development and aging; male; methodology; Nigeria; statistical model; Animals; Body Weight; Breeding; Chickens; Crosses, Genetic; Female; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Linear Models; Male; Nigeria; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906534427	Performance analysis of digital communication over fading channels	Adeleke O.A.	2012	International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation	2	1	None	Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia	Adeleke, O.A., Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia	There are several propagation paths between the transmitter and the receiver. The signal components arriving at the receiver from different paths add destructively or constructively any phase shift introduced by the medium. Thus, the signal strengths depend on the relative phases of the components of the received signal giving rise to a condition known as FADING. This paper dwells basically on the characterization, modeling and mitigation of outage probability of a generalized selection combining technique in a Rayleigh fading channel. It involves deriving the probability density function of the combiner output of a generalized selection system by integration, from which the outage probability would then be evaluated in closed form expression. MATLAB tool was used to simulate the behaviour of the received signal with varying number of selected paths: plots of the outage probability against normalized average signal-to noise ratio per symbol per path were obtained which showed an exponentially decaying power delay profile that is an increment in the available diversity paths L with the highest number of strongest paths Lc causing the performance of outage probability of a generalized combiner in Rayleigh fading channel to increase. Thus, it was observed that as the signal propagates through multiple paths, the average signal-to-noise ratio can be improved with the aid of a generalized selection combiner with the highest number of strongest paths. © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l.-All rights reserved.	Channel; Communication; Fading; Generalized selection combiner; Maximal ratio combiner; Outage probability; Performance; Rayleigh; Selection combiner	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893649409	Evaluation of the impacts of formulation variables and excipients on the Drug release dynamics of a polyamide 6,10-based monolithic matrix using mathematical tools	Adeleke O.A., Choonara Y.E., Kumar P., Du Toit L.C., Tomar L.K., Tyagi C., Pillay V.	2013	AAPS PharmSciTech	14	4	10.1208/s12249-013-0021-7	Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa	Adeleke, O.A., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Choonara, Y.E., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kumar, P., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Du Toit, L.C., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tomar, L.K., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tyagi, C., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pillay, V., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa	Drug release from hydrophilic matrices is regulated mainly by polymeric erosion, disentanglement, dissolution, swelling front movement, drug dissolution and diffusion through the polymeric matrix. These processes depend upon the interaction between the dissolution media, polymeric matrix and drug molecules, which can be significantly influenced by formulation variables and excipients. This study utilized mathematical parameters to evaluate the impacts of selected formulation variables and various excipients on the release performance of hydrophilic polyamide 6,10 (PA 6,10) monolithic matrix. Amitriptyline HCl and theophylline were employed as the high and low solubility model drugs, respectively. The incorporation of different excipient concentrations and changes in formulation components influenced the drug release dynamics as evidenced by computed mathematical quantities (tx%,MDT x%,f1, f2, k1, k2, and kF). The effects of excipients on drug release from the PA 6,10 monolithic matrix was further elucidated using static lattice atomistic simulations wherein the component energy refinements corroborates the in vitro and in silico experimental data. Consequently, the feasibility of modulating release kinetics of drug molecules from the novel PA 6,10 monolithic matrix was well suggested. © 2013 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists.	Excipients; Formulation variables; Mathematical tools; Monolithic matrix; Polyamide 6 10	aluminum sulfate; amitriptyline; electrolyte; excipient; magnesium sulfate; polyamide; potassium sulfate; theophylline; article; drug concentration; drug delivery system; drug diffusion; drug formulation; drug release; drug solubility; hydrogen bond; hydrophilicity; hydrophobicity; mathematical parameters; monolithic matrix; particle size; priority journal; static electricity; tablet matrix; Amitriptyline; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Electrolytes; Excipients; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Models, Statistical; Nylons; Particle Size; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Solubility; Theophylline	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930182018	In vitro, ex vivo and in silico mechanistic elucidation of the performance of an optimized porosity-controlled multi-elemental transbuccal system	Adeleke O.A., Choonara Y.E., Du Toit L.C., Kumar P., Pillay V.	2015	Pharmaceutical Research	32	7	10.1007/s11095-015-1631-4	Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	Adeleke, O.A., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Choonara, Y.E., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Du Toit, L.C., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kumar, P., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pillay, V., Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, South Africa	Purpose: To elucidate the mechanisms of construction and performance of a porosity controlled, multi-elemental transbuccal system employing experimental and computational approaches. Methods: The production of the formulation was guided through a Box-Benkhen design employing homogenization coupled with lyophilization. The physicochemical and physicomechanical properties of the experimental design formulations were quantified with relevant analytical techniques. The influence of changes in porosity measures on the magnitude of these physical properties were explored mathematically. Furthermore, experimental outputs from the Box-Behnken design formulations were fitted into set limits and optimized using the response surface method. The optimized porosity-controlled formulation was subjected to mechanistic experimental and computational elucidations. Results: In general, the changes in magnitudes of studied porosity quantities had significant impact on formulation physicochemical and physicomechanical properties. The generation of an optimized formulation validated the stability and accuracy of the Box-Behnken experimental design. Experimental investigations revealed that the construction of this formulation is as a result of non-destructive physical interactions amongst its make-up compounds while its mechanism of performance is anchored mainly upon a gradual collapse of its ordered porous structure. Furthermore, the molecule mechanics simulations quantitatively predicted the molecular interactions inherent to multicomponent matrix formation and the mucoadhesion mechanism. Conclusions: The fabrication and performance mechanisms of the porosity-controlled transbuccal system was successfully explored. © 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Computational modeling; Experimental analyses; Mechanisms of construction and performance; Porosity-controlled; Transbuccal system	alcohol; phenytoin; polymer; water; animal tissue; Article; cheek mucosa; computer model; differential scanning calorimetry; drug delivery system; drug formulation; drug penetration; drug release; ex vivo study; flow kinetics; freeze drying; hydration; in vitro study; infrared spectrophotometry; molecular interaction; nonhuman; pig; porosity; porosity controlled drug delivery system; priority journal; quantum mechanics; scanning electron microscopy; statistical model; temperature; thermal analysis; thermogravimetry; transbuccal drug delivery system	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896391005	In vivo and ex vivo evaluation of a multi-particulate composite construct for sustained transbuccal delivery of carbamazepine	Adeleke O.A., Choonara Y.E., Du Toit L.C., Pillay V.	2014	Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	103	4	10.1002/jps.23884	University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa	Adeleke, O.A., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Choonara, Y.E., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Du Toit, L.C., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pillay, V., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa	Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a leading molecule in the management of epilepsy. Surveys have revealed that a sufficient lack of therapeutically efficient CBZ transbuccal formulation exists. Therefore, this investigation was directed toward designing multiparticulate composite construct (MCC) for the transbuccal delivery of CBZ. The MCC was formulated using interphase, coparticulate- cosolvent homogenization technique, and lyophilization. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo investigations were performed. The mesoporous (pore width = 80.1233 Å) MCC was mechanically stable (Cyrillic capital letter Ukrainian ie D = 0.0290 J, MF = 8.5490 N/mm) and resilient (M R = 5.5040%). It demonstrated distinctive controlled release (9.9800%/h), permeation enhancing (10.8730%/h), drug loading (90.0541%), and bioadhesive (ωadh = 0.0034 J, Fdet = 1.0751 N) capacities. In vivo studies on pigs showed the ability of the MCC to effectively initiate and regulate transbuccal permeation of CBZ as visualized by outcomes of the quantitative and qualitative assessments of isolated plasma samples. Furthermore, comparisons of in vitro and in vivo data of MCC with a conventional product highlighted its capability to attain higher bioavailability and more controlled release trends. Histological and cytological investigations confirmed that the MCC is biocompatible. The mathematical model produced relevant pharmacokinetics and in vitro/in vivo correlation information. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.	carbamazepine; controlled release; in vitro/in vivo correlation; mathematical model; permeation enhancer; polymeric drug delivery system; porous-structured; preclinical; preformulation; transbuccal	carbamazepine; placebo; adhesion; animal experiment; article; biocompatibility; cheek mucosa; composite material; controlled release formulation; controlled study; cytology; cytotoxicity assay; drug bioavailability; drug blood level; drug penetration; drug screening; drug solubility; drug stability; ex vivo study; experimental pig; female; freeze drying; histology; in vivo study; morphometrics; multiparticulate composite construct; nonhuman; particle size; physical parameters; qualitative analysis; surface property; sustained release preparation; weight; Administration, Buccal; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Biological Availability; Carbamazepine; Delayed-Action Preparations; Models, Biological; Mouth Mucosa; Porosity; Swine	National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855210865	Impact of dog bite in kano city a retrospective study	Adeleke S.I.	2010	Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice	13	1	None	Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria	Adeleke, S.I., Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria	Background: Rabies is an acute encephalomyelitis. It is zoonotic disease occurring in a variety of warm blooded animals including man. Objectives: The study is to review the impact of dog bite and rabies in Kano City. A review of cases seen in Paediatric Unit of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano over a ten year period. (January 1996 December 2005). esults: There were 44 cases of dog bites of which five (11.4%) cases developed rabies. The age range of children with dog bite was 4 to 9years. The most common sites of bite were on the legs (45.5%), gluteal region (36.4%) while the least affected sites were the upper arm (6.8%) and the face (4.5%). There were 28 (63.7%) of the dogs were stray dogs while 12(27.3%) were domestic dogs, only 31.8% of the domestic dogs were vaccinated. All those with rabies died; All the five patients presented with furious rabies. Conclusion: Children with dog bites in which the current certificate of vaccination in the dog can not be produced, should be given antirabies vaccine. There should be public enlightenment talks aimed at informing the public of the need to report all cases of dog bite to health facilities.	Antirabies Vaccine; Dog bites; Paediatric; Rabies	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951775771	Evaluation of cissus gum as binder in a paracetamol tablet formulation	Adeleye A.O., Odeniyi M.A., Jaiyeoba K.T.	2011	Farmacia	59	1	None	Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Adeleye, A.O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Odeniyi, M.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Jaiyeoba, K.T., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	The paper present a study regarding the binding properties of Cissus gum, obtained from Cissus populnea (Vitaceae), in paracetamol tablet formulations in comparison with official gelatin. Compressional properties were analyzed using density measurements and compression equations of Heckel. The mechanical properties of the tablets were assessed using the crushing strength and friability of the tablets, while drug release properties were assessed using disintegration and dissolution times. Formulations containing Cissus gum exhibited faster onset and higher amount of plastic deformation during compression when compared with those of gelatin. The crushing strength, disintegration and dissolution times of the tablets increased with binder concentration while friability values decreased. Cissus gum tablets presented faster disintegration and higher crushing strength-friability ratio (CSFR) values than those containing gelatin. The dissolution profiles of formulations containing the two binders showed similarity factors above 50. Cissus gum would be a better alternative to gelatin in producing uncoated tablets for which the fast release is essential.	Binding agent; Cissus gum; Gelatin; Heckel equation; Mechanical properties; Similarity factor	gelatin; paracetamol; plastic; article; Cissus; controlled study; crushing strength; drug binding; drug solubility; nonhuman; tablet disintegration; tablet formulation; tablet friability; Vitaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924952535	New development: Regulatory impact assessment in developing countries—tales from the road to good governance	Adelle C., Macrae D., Marusic A., Naru F.	2015	Public Money and Management	35	3	10.1080/09540962.2015.1027500	Department of Political Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; General for Law and Regulation in Defra, London, United Kingdom; World Bank Group, Nairobi, Kenya; OECD, Paris, France	Adelle, C., Department of Political Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Macrae, D., General for Law and Regulation in Defra, London, United Kingdom; Marusic, A., World Bank Group, Nairobi, Kenya; Naru, F., OECD, Paris, France	This article sets out the challenges facing the practice of regulatory impact assessment (RIA) in developing countries and then goes on to propose a set of guiding principles with which to attempt to overcome these. The discussion is based on the findings of a practitioner workshop held at the University of Pretoria, South Africa. © 2015, © 2015 CIPFA.	Better regulation; developing countries; policy appraisal; regulatory impact assessment; regulatory reform	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864850766	Environmental impact assessment of Attenda abattoir, Ogbomoso southwestern Nigeria on surface and groundwater quality using geo-electrical imaging and microbiological analysis	Adelowo O.O., Akinlabi I.A., Fagade O.E.	2012	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	184	7	10.1007/s10661-011-2285-2	Dept of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Earth Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnol	Adelowo, O.O., Dept of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Akinlabi, I.A., Department of Earth Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Fagade, O.E., Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Dept of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The impact of Attenda abattoir, Ogbomoso southwestern Nigeria on four water sources was investigated using geoelectrical imaging and microbiological analysis. 2D electrical resistivity imaging indicated groundwater contamination by leachate from the abattoir. Electrical resistivity values measured by the traverse run directly on the waste dump and other areas impacted by the waste from the abattoir are generally very low (6.68-16.7 Ωm) in comparison to other positions (135-288 Ωm). The total viable bacteria count of the water samples ranged from 0.49×106 to 2.85×108 cfu/ml and all samples are contaminated with coliforms with the most probable number (MPN)/100 ml ranging from 110 to ≥1,600 MPN/100 ml. Among bacteria isolated from the study site (n=95), resistance to eight antibiotics ranged from 35.8% to 94%. In addition, 85% of Streptococcus agalactiae (n=31) and Staph-ylococci (n=9) showed haemolytic activity while 92% of all isolates showed β-lactamase activity. These results suggest that operations of the abattoir may impact negatively on surrounding aquatic ecosystem and endanger the health of surrounding residents who use water from the wells for domestic purposes. Furthermore, such aquatic ecosystems may serve as reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011.	Abattoir; Antibiotics resistance; Bacteria; Pollution; Water quality	Abattoir; Antibiotic-resistant bacteria; Antibiotics resistance; Aquatic ecosystem; Coliforms; Domestic purpose; Electrical resistivity; Electrical resistivity imaging; Geoelectrical; Ground-water qualities; Groundwater contamination; Lactamases; Leachates; Microbiological analysis; Most probable number; Nigeria; Streptococcus agalactiae; Study sites; Waste dumps; Water samples; Water source; Antibiotics; Ecosystems; Electric conductivity; Environmental impact assessments; Pollution; Reservoirs (water); Water quality; Bacteria; ampicillin; beta lactamase; chloramphenicol; ciprofloxacin; cloxacillin; cotrimoxazole; erythromycin; gentamicin; ground water; ofloxacin; penicillin G; streptomycin; surface water; antibiotic resistance; aquatic ecosystem; electrical resistivity; environmental impact assessment; geoelectric field; groundwater; health risk; human activity; leachate; microbiology; water resource; analytic method; antibiotic sensitivity; aquatic environment; article; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus licheniformis; Bacillus subtilis; bacterium isolate; bacterium isolation; Burkholderia cepacia; colony forming unit; environmental impact assessment; environmental monitoring; enzyme activity; Escherichia coli; geoelectrical imaging; Klebsiella aerogenes; Klebsiella pneumoniae; microbiological analysis; minimum inhibitory concentration; morphology; Nigeria; nonhuman; Proteus vulgaris; Pseudomonas putida; Rhodococcus equi; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Streptococcus agalactiae; water analysis; water contamination; water quality; water supply; Abattoirs; Environment; Environmental Monitoring; Groundwater; Nigeria; Remote Sensing Technology; Water Microbiology; Water Pollutants; Water Pollution; Nigeria; Ogbomosho; Oyo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350316807	Field performance of VST SHAKTI power tiller on sawah rice plots in Nigeria and Ghana	Ademiluyi S.Y., Oladele O.I.	2008	Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science	14	5	None	National Center for Agricultural Mecahnisation, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics, Education and Extension, Botswana College of Agriculture, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Belgium	Ademiluyi, S.Y., National Center for Agricultural Mecahnisation, Ilorin, Nigeria; Oladele, O.I., Department of Agricultural Economics, Education and Extension, Botswana College of Agriculture, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Belgium	ADEMILUYI, S. Y. and O. I. OLADELE, 2008. Field performance of VST SHAKTI power tiller on sawah rice plots in Nigeria and Ghana. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 14: 517-522 The paper reports the Field performance of VST SHAKTI power tiller on sawah rice plots in Nigeria and Ghana. This is based on the fact that power tillers were re- introduced in Nigerian agriculture in 2001 by Water shed Initiatives Nigeria by importing few units for sawah rice production technology. The field performance evaluation of the model was carried out in different rice fields located at Shaba-Maliki and Ejeti village near Bida on a clayey loamy, sandy soil, under the guinea savannah ecology of Nigeria. The process was repeated in Biemo No1 and Adugyma in Ghana. These study sites are located about 40 kilometers northwest of Kumasi on the Kumasi - Sunyani main road in Ahafo Ano South District which is at the north-western part of the Ashanti Region. The result shows that 93% and 92% were recorded for field efficiency at Ejeti and Shaba-Maliki respectively. The difference in effective field capacity obtained at Shaba- Maliki (0.089 ha/hr) and Ejeti (0.047 ha/hr) was due to the variation in the average time of operation, the operational time at Ejeti (21.7 hr/ha) almost doubles that of Shaba-Maliki (13.15 hr/ha). In Ghana the field efficiency of VST SHAKTI 130D1 power tillers Biemso 1 and Adugyma were 80.52% and 82%. On the other hand, the effective field capacity are 0.15 ha/hr and 0.11 ha/hr for Biemo1 and Adugyma; while the average time of operation are 7.92 hr/ha and 8.9 hr/ha respectively for the locations in Ghana. The results of One way analysis of variance for field performance of power tillers in 4 locations show that average time of operations only Ejeti is significantly different from the 3 other locations, while Adugyma and AhabaMaliki, the effective field capacity differs significantly from Biemso and Ejeti. In terms of field efficiency, Biemso 1 is significantly different from Adugyma but not any difference between Ejeti and Shaba-Maliki. The means for slippage is highest in Ejeti and Shaba-Maliki though not significantly different between them but shows high significance difference between the locations in Ghana that is Biuemso 1 and Adugyma.	Field capacity; Field efficiency; Field performance; Sawah rice; Slippage; VST SHAKTI power tiller	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955012868	Field performance and effect of SHAKTI and KUBOTA power tillers on physical properties of soil under Sawah rice production in Nigeria	Ademiluyi S.Y., Oladele O.I., Wakatsuki T.	2009	International Agrophysics	23	2	None	National Center for Agricultural Mechanization, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics, Education and Extension, College of Agriculture, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara, Japan	Ademiluyi, S.Y., National Center for Agricultural Mechanization, Ilorin, Nigeria; Oladele, O.I., Department of Agricultural Economics, Education and Extension, College of Agriculture, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Wakatsuki, T., Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nara, Japan	In the study the authors investigated the field performance of two types of power tillers, which are increasingly popular among farmers adopting sawah rice production technology, and compared their effect on the physical properties of soil. Data were collected for the field performance parameters and for the physical properties of soil. Mean values of soil properties and performance data of power tillers were summarized and subjected to t-test statistics at p = 0.05. The results show that significant differences exist for field efficiency (t = -3.29, p < 0.05), fuel consumption (t = 9.21, p < 0.05) and slippage (t = -25.48, p < 0.05). At 0-7 cm depth, significant differences exist for soil moisture content (t = 15.46, p < 0.05) in soils where SHAKTI was used, while at 7-14 cm depth significant differences exist for all the physical properties of soils covered in the experiment - bulk density (t = -13.89, p < 0.05), cone index (t = -63.97, p < 0.05), soil moisture (t = 46.07, p < 0.05) and shear strength (t = -2.67, p < 0.05). It is important that farmers using these models should not only focus on the cost of purchase but also on their overall efficiency in order to achieve the desired high level of yield. © 2009 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences.	Bulk density; Cone index; Field capacity; Field efficiency; Power tillers; Soil moisture	bulk density; cone penetration test; physical property; shear strength; soil moisture; soil property; tillage; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953521278	Evaluation of the tensile strength of foundry cores made with hybridized binder composed of neem oil and Nigerian gum arabic	Ademoh N.A.	2010	International Journal of Physical Sciences	5	5	None	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nigerian Defence Academy, P. M. B 2109, Kaduna, Nigeria	Ademoh, N.A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nigerian Defence Academy, P. M. B 2109, Kaduna, Nigeria	Defined quantities of the vegetable oil extracted from the seed of neem tree were mixed with each of four commercial grades of Nigerian gum arabic exudates as hybrid binders for foundry sand cores. The cores which were made with silica sand were classified and oven baked at 200°C for 1 - 3 h, oven cooled and then tested for tensile strength using standard universal strength machine to ascertain their level of suitability for industrial casting. The specimens for tensile strength were shaped like figure eight. The result showed that grade 2 gum arabic hybrids with Neem oil offered best economic advantage as it attained required tensile strength after the shortest period of baking. It was followed by the grade 4, grade 1 and then grade 3 gum arabic based hybrids with neem oil in that order. The benefit of hybridizing Nigerian gum arabic exudates with neem oil was more pronounced when cores were baked at about the melting temperature of the grade of gum arabic involved. Baking cores below the melting point marginally improved bond strength while baking them at temperatures well above melting point depressed tensile strength. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Gum arabic; Hybrid binder; Neem oil; Tensile strength	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953067235	Evaluation of the effective baking conditions for grade 3 Nigerian acacia species bonded foundry sand cores	Ademoh N.A., Abdullahi A.T.	2010	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	2	6	None	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nigerian Defence Academy, P.M.B 2109, Kaduna, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria	Ademoh, N.A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nigerian Defence Academy, P.M.B 2109, Kaduna, Nigeria; Abdullahi, A.T., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria	The most effective economical baking conditions were determined for foundry cores bonded with the grade 3 Nigerian acacia species exudates. Silica sand base cores bonded with the material were oven baked at temperatures ranging from 160 to 250°C for varying periods oven cooled and then subjected to tensile strength tests to ascertain the best baking conditions for different alloy castings. The experimental core specimens were in accordance with foundry test standard, shaped like figure number eight. They were tested with standard universal strength machine equipped with attachment for gripping the cores and an instantaneous meter from which the test values were read. The result were compared with established standard foundry core property table which showed that the class Viron/steel cores are best made with 3% acacia bonded silica sand baked at 160°C for 1 h. For magnesium cores, sand bonded with 4.5% acacia baked at 160°C for 1-2 h was optimum. For class IV iron/steel cores 4.5% acacia bonded sand baked at 180°C for 1 hour was optimal. Sand bonded with 4.5% grade 3 acacia baked at 200°C for 1.0-2.0 h was optimum for copper, aluminium, classes II and III iron/steel cores. Sand bonded with 8.0-13.0% grade 3 N igerian acacia species baked at 200°C for 1.5-2 h was found most effective for class I iron and steel cores. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2010.	Acacia grade 3; Baking; Cores; Oven; Temperature	Acacia grade 3; Acacia species; Alloy castings; Baking; Bonded silica; Class I; Cores; Iron and steel; Nigerians; Test standards; Foundry practice; Iron; Magnesium; Magnesium castings; Ovens; Silica; Silica sand; Standards; Stoves; Tensile strength; Foundry sand	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052006740	Performance, yolk lipid, egg organoleptic properties and haematological parameters of laying hens fed cholestyramine and garlic oil	Ademola S.G., Sikiru A.B., Akinwumi O., Olaniyi O.F., Egbewande O.O.	2011	Global Veterinaria	6	6	None	Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechn, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, IBB University, Lapai, Nigeria	Ademola, S.G., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechn, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Sikiru, A.B., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechn, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Akinwumi, O., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechn, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Olaniyi, O.F., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechn, LAUTECH, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Egbewande, O.O., Department of Animal Science, IBB University, Lapai, Nigeria	Abstract: This study investigated the effect of dietary garlic oil and cholestryamine at varying concentrations on performance, yolk lipids, cost-benefit ratio, organoleptic assessment of eggs and haematological parameters of laying hens. A 2x2 factorial arrangement of the two supplements under completely randomised design was used for the experiment. The inclusion levels of garlic oil were 100 and 200mg/kg, whereas cholestryamine were at 50 and 1 OOmg/kg. The results showed that laying performance was not compromised except for the reduced egg weight for hens fed supplemented diets. Addition of garlic oil and cholestryamine to layer diet did not significantly influence shell weight and shell thickness. Garlic oil significantly (P<0.02) reduced yolk cholesterol with hens fed 1 OOmg/kg garlic oil had lower yolk cholesterol than those fed 200mg/kg garlic oil. Significant interactive influence of both supplements reduced yolk triacylglycerol. Inclusion of the supplements in layer diet increased feed cost, but lowered profit in terms of naira per kilogramme and naira per tray. Improved egg organoleptic evaluation was observed by consumers fed eggs of hens containing the supplements. White blood cells of hens fed garlic oil were significantly increased. © IDOSI Publications, 2011.	Cholestryamine; Feed cost; Garlic oil; Oik cholesterol; Profit; White blood cells	Allium sativum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859206874	Effects of roxazyme G® and maxigrain® on performance, egg quality, cost-benefit and haematological parameters of laying hens fed wheat offal, corn bran and brewery dry grain diets	Ademola S.G., Egbewande O.O., Lawal T.E., Isah A.T., Kuranga S.M.	2012	International Journal of Poultry Science	11	1	None	Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science and Fisheries Mg, Bowen Univer	Ademola, S.G., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Egbewande, O.O., Department of Animal Science, Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria; Lawal, T.E., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries Mg, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Isah, A.T., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Kuranga, S.M., Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	The study examined effects of supplementing Roxazyme G® and Maxigrain® to wheat offal-, corn bran-and brewery dry grain-based diets on the performance, haematological parameters and economy of production in laying hens. Both enzymes were added to these 3 diets at 100 mg/kg, while control group was neither supplemented with Roxazyme G® nor Maxigrain®. The results showed that hens fed Roxazyme G® corn bran diets had the best feed conversion and maximum profit. Maxigrain® also significantly improved hen day production and egg weight of hens fed Brewery Dry Grain (BDG) than those fed Roxazyme G® BDG diet. Laying hens fed BDG diets had the lowest profits. Both enzymes failed to improve the performance and profits of hens fed Wheat Offal (WO) diet. Improvements in Red Blood Cells (RBC) for hens fed both enzyme supplemented diets were observed. Interactive effects of enzyme type and fibre source significantly (p<0.01) influence RBCs, PCV and white blood cells. The study revealed that Roxazyme G® and Maxigrain® should be added to respectively CB-and BDG-diets for improved laying performance. However, these enzymes failed to improve the laying performance of hens fed WO diet. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	Brewery dry grain; Corn bran; Performance; Profit; Wheat offal	Triticum aestivum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956014792	Evaluation of cosmetic appearance of herniotomy wound scars in African children: Comparison of tissue glue and subcuticular suturing	Ademuyiwa A.O., Sowande O.A., Adejuyigbe O., Usang U.E., Bakare T.I.B., Anyanwu L.J.C.	2009	Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery	42	2	10.4103/0970-0358.59282	Paediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Ademuyiwa, A.O., Paediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Sowande, O.A., Paediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Adejuyigbe, O., Paediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Usang, U.E., Paediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Bakare, T.I.B., Paediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Anyanwu, L.J.C., Paediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Aim: To evaluate the cosmetic appearance of herniotomy wound scars closed using either the tissue glue or subcuticular suturing technique. Materials and Methods: Prospective randomised control study; randomisation into tissue glue and suturing groups. Ethical clearance obtained. Cosmetic outcome were based on visual analogue scale by parents and Hollander wound evaluation scale by a Plastic Surgeon blinded to the wound closure method. Results: Fifty one wounds were evaluated, 26 in the tissue glue group and 25 in the suturing group. Parents′ evaluation using Visual Analogue scale (VAS) showed that in the suturing group, 17 parents (68%) gave a VAS of 8cm while six parents (24%) gave a score of 7cm. Two parents (8%) gave a score of 9cm. In the tissue glue group, 22 parents (84.6%) scored the scar of their children as 8 or 9cm on the VAS while four parents (15.4%) gave a score of 7cm. The median VAS was 8cm for both groups with a range of 7 to 9cm. The Chi- square test showed that the parents preferred tissue glue compared with subcuticular suturing (X2 = 7.90, P &lt; 0.05). The Hollander Wound Evaluation Scale (HWES) used by Plastic Surgeon showed 21 herniotomy wounds (84%) had a score of 6 in the suturing group while four wounds (16%) had a score of 5. In the tissue glue group, 19 wounds (73%) had a score of 6, six wounds (23.1%) had a score of 5 and a patient (3.8%) had a score of 4. The median score is 6 for both groups. There was no statistically significant difference between both groups (X2 = 1.481, P = 0.393). Conclusion: This study has shown that the cosmetic outcome of wound closure using the tissue glue technique and subcuticular suturing technique are similar.	Scars on African skin; tissue glue; wound healing in Africans	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959399134	The impact of culture-related factors on good governance in Greek family businesses in South Africa	Adendorff C., Boshoff C.	2011	South African Journal of Business Management	42	2	None	Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Business School, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Department of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa	Adendorff, C., Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Business School, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Boshoff, C., Department of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa	The size of the family business component of the South African economy suggests that it is the predominant way of doing business in South Africa. A large proportion of these family businesses are Greek-owned. More importantly it is estimated that approximately 95% of all Greek businesses in South Africa can be classified as family businesses. The sustainability of Greek family businesses requires that they maintain good governance practices that are both economically and environmentally acceptable to all stakeholders. It also requires that the next generation of Greek entrepreneurs effectively balance good governance of their businesses with their family commitments. The primary objective of this study was to identify and explore the internal, culturally-related factors that influence good governance to ensure the survival, growth and sustainability of Greek family businesses in South Africa. A theoretical model of good governance factors was proposed and tested using Structural Equation Modelling. The study found that perceived good governance in a South African Greek family business context needs to be managed in terms of three factors, namely risk control, the internal regulatory environment and the protection of the stakeholders? interest. The study found that needs alignment, cultural needs alignment, vision and ethnic entrepreneurial growth all impact directly or indirectly on perceived good governance in South African Greek family businesses.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350335319	Further evaluation of antihyperglycaemic activity of Hunteria umbellata (K. Schum) Hallier f. seed extract in experimental diabetes	Adeneye A.A., Adeyemi O.O.	2009	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	126	2	10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.037	Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria	Adeneye, A.A., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Adeyemi, O.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria	Ethnopharmacological relevance: In African traditional medicine, water decoction made from the dry seeds of Hunteria umbellata (K. Schum) Hallier f. is highly valued in the management of diabetes mellitus. Aim: In the present study, the antihyperglycaemic activity of the seed aqueous extract of Hunteria umbellate (K. Schum) Hallier f. (HU) was investigated in alloxan-induced, high fructose- and dexamethasone-induced hyperglycaemic rats. Materials and methods: Alloxan-induced, dexamethasone-induced and high fructose-induced hyperglycaemic rats were treated with single, daily oral administration of 1 mg/kg of glibenclamide, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of HU in Groups III, IV, V and VI, for 14 days, 21 days and 8 weeks, respectively. The effects of these drugs on FBG, free plasma insulin levels, HbA1c, serum TG and TC, and insulin resistance indices were investigated. Results: Data generated in the current study showed that glibenclamide and graded oral doses of HU caused significant dose related (p &lt; 0.05, &lt;0.01 and &lt;0.001) reductions in FBG when compared to the values obtained for the model control (Group II) rats. Similarly, daily oral administration of 66.7 g/kg fructose to rats for 8 weeks was associated with significant (p &lt; 0.001) hyperglycaemia, elevations in plasma HbA1c, free insulin, fasting insulin resistance indices, serum TG, and cholesterol. However, concomitant oral treatments with 1 mg/kg of glibenclamide, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg of HU extract significantly and dose dependently (p &lt; 0.05, &lt;0.01 and &lt;0.001) attenuated development of hyperglycaemia, decreased levels of plasma HbA1c, free insulin, and serum triglyceride and cholesterol, in the Groups III, IV, V and VI rats, respectively, when compared to fructose-induced hyperglycaemic (Group II) rats. Similar effect was also recorded in the dexamethasone-induced hyperglycaemic rats. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that the hypoglycaemic and antihyperlipidaemic effects of HU are mediated via enhanced peripheral glucose uptake and improvements in hyperinsulinaemia. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antihyperglycaemia; Antihyperlipidaemia; Experimental diabetes; Fasting insulin indices; Hunteria umbellata (K. Schum) Hallier f.	cholesterol; dexamethasone; fructose; glibenclamide; glucose; hemoglobin A1c; herbaceous agent; Hunteria umbellata extract; insulin; triacylglycerol; unclassified drug; alloxan diabetes mellitus; animal experiment; animal model; Apocynaceae; article; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; dose response; drug dose comparison; glucose blood level; glucose transport; hemoglobin blood level; Hunteria umbellata; hyperglycemia; hyperinsulinemia; insulin blood level; insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; insulin resistance; male; morning dosage; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; nonhuman; rat; repeated drug dose; single drug dose; triacylglycerol blood level; Animals; Apocynaceae; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fructose; Glyburide; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Random Allocation; Rats; Seeds; Triglycerides; Hunteria; Hunteria umbellata; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350304334	Pharmacological evaluation of oral hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects of fresh leaves ethanol extract of Morinda Lucida benth. in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats	Adeneye A.A., Agbaje E.O.	2008	African Journal Biomedical Research	11	1	None	Department of Pharmacology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria	Adeneye, A.A., Department of Pharmacology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria; Agbaje, E.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria	In the present study, 50 - 400 mg/kg of body weight/day of 50% ethanol extract of the fresh leaves of Morinda lucida Benth. (MLE) was investigated for its hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects in adult normal and alloxaninduced diabetic male rats for 7 days. Acute oral toxicity study of MLE at the limit dose of 2000 mg/kg of body weight using Up-and-Down Procedure on statistical program, AOT425Pgm, was also conducted. Results showed that MLE significantly (p<0.05) lowered the fasting blood glucose (FBG) in both normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats in dose related fashion, and its effect was higher (p<0.001) than that of tolbutamide (Tolb.). Results suggest that MLE could be mediating its hypoglycemic effect via enhanced peripheral glucose utilization. Also, acute oral toxicity result showed MLE to be nonlethal at 2000 mg/kg of body weight. These results suggest that MLE could be relatively safe on acute exposure when administered to suspected diabetic patients. © Ibadan Biomedical Communications Group.	Fresh leaf methanol extract; Hypoglycemia; Morinda lucida Benth.; Normal and Alloxan-induced diabetic rats	Morinda lucida extract; oral antidiabetic agent; plant extract; tolbutamide; unclassified drug; alloxan diabetes mellitus; animal experiment; animal model; article; controlled study; dose response; drug dose comparison; drug safety; glucose blood level; glucose utilization; hypoglycemia; male; Morinda; morinda lucida; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; toxicity testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879765303	Performance of West African Dwarf goats fed graded levels of sun-cured water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Mart. Solms-Laubach) replacing Guinea grass	Adeneye Mako A.	2013	Livestock Research for Rural Development	25	7	None	Department of Agricultural Production and Management Sciences, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ijebu-Ode, PMB 2118, Ijebu-Ode,Ogun State, Nigeria	Adeneye Mako, A., Department of Agricultural Production and Management Sciences, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ijebu-Ode, PMB 2118, Ijebu-Ode,Ogun State, Nigeria	The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of goats fed water hyacinth (WH) based diets. The chemical composition of sun-cured WH, Guinea grass (GG) and concentrate was determined. Quantitative analysis of tannins, saponins and phenols present in WH and GG were also determined. Thirty (30) female WAD goats between the ages of 6 and 7 months weighing 8.40 - 9.60 kg were used for a feeding trial.. Six animals were allotted to each of 5 treatments in a completely randomized design. Parameters measured included feed intake and weight gain. WH and GG contained tannins, saponins and phenols, but the concentrations were below toxic levels. The feed intake and weight gain had a negative curvilinear relationship with increasing level of WH in the diets. It is concluded that in diets based on Guinea grass the maximum level of sun-cured water hyacinth in diets for growing goats is 30%.	Bypass protein; Heavy metals; Non-nutritional compounds; Ruminants; Secondary metabolites	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901608562	Evaluation of soil corrosivity and aquifer protective capacity using geoelectrical investigation in Bwari basement complex area, Abuja	Adeniji A.E., Omonona O.V., Obiora D.N., Chukudebelu J.U.	2014	Journal of Earth System Science	123	3	10.1007/s12040-014-0416-1	Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Adeniji, A.E., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Omonona, O.V., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Obiora, D.N., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Chukudebelu, J.U., Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Bwari is one of the six municipal area councils of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja with its attendant growing population and infrastructural developments. Groundwater is the main source of water supply in the area, and urbanization and industrialization are the predominant contributors of contaminants to the hydrological systems. In order to guarantee a continuous supply of potable water, there is a need to investigate the vulnerability of the aquifers to contaminants emanating from domestic and industrial wastes. A total of 20 vertical electrical soundings using Schlumberger electrode array with a maximum half current electrodes separation of 300 m was employed. The results show that the area is characterized by 3-6 geoelectric subsurface layers. The measured overburden thickness ranges from 1.0 to 24.3 m, with a mean value of 7.4 m. The resistivity and longitudinal conductance of the overburden units range from 18 to 11,908 Ωm and 0.047 to 0.875 mhos, respectively. Areas considered as high corrosivity are the central parts with ρ < 180 Ωm. The characteristic longitudinal unit conductance was used to classify the area into zones of good (0.7-4.49 mhos), moderate (0.2-0.69 mhos), weak (0.1- 0.19 mhos), and poor (<0.1) aquifer protective capacity. Zones characterized by materials of moderate to good protective capacity serve as sealing potential for the underlying hydrogeological system in the area. This study is aimed at delineating zones that are very prone to groundwater contamination from surface contaminants and subsurface soils that are corrosive to utility pipes buried underground. Hence the findings of this work will constitute part of the tools for groundwater development and management and structural/infrastructural development planning of the area. © Indian Academy of Sciences.	Aquifer protective capacity; Bwari; Corrosion; Longitudinal unit conductance; Vertical electric sounding	aquifer; corrosion; electrode; geoelectric field; groundwater pollution; industrialization; soil property; urbanization; vertical electrical sounding; water supply; Abuja [Nigeria]; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925466279	Impact of cell lines included in enterovirus isolation protocol on perception of nonpolio enterovirus species C diversity	Adeniji J.A., Faleye T.O.C.	2014	Journal of Virological Methods	207	None	10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.07.016	Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; WHO National Polio Laboratory, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Adeniji, J.A., Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, WHO National Polio Laboratory, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Faleye, T.O.C., Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	There has been under-reporting of nonpolio enterovirus species Cs (NPESCs) in Nigeria despite the fact that most isolates recovered from the Nigerian vaccine derived poliovirus serotype 2 (VDPV2) outbreak were recombinants with nonstructural region of NPESC origin. It has been suggested that cell lines included in enterovirus isolation protocols might account for this phenomenon and this study examined this suggestion.Fifteen environmental samples concentrated previously and analysed using L20B and RD cell lines as part of the poliovirus environmental surveillance (ES) program in Nigeria were randomly selected and inoculated into two cell lines (MCF-7 and LLC-MK2). Isolates were identified as enteroviruses and species C members using different RT-PCR assays, culture in L20B cell line and sequencing of partial VP1.Forty-eight (48) isolates were recovered from the 15 samples, 47 (97.9%) of which were enteroviruses. Of the enteroviruses, 32 (68.1%) belonged to enterovirus species C (EC) of which 19 (40.4%) were polioviruses and 13 (27.7%) were NPESC members. All 13 NPESC isolates were recovered on MCF-7.Results of the study show that NPESCs are circulating in Nigeria and their under-reporting was due to the combination of cell lines used for enterovirus isolation in previous reports. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Environmental surveillance; Isolation protocol; MCF-7; Nigeria; Nonpolio enterovirus species C	protein VP1; virus RNA; Article; cell line; controlled study; Enterovirus; gene sequence; human; human cell; L20B cell line; LLC MK2 cell line; MCF 7 cell line; Nigeria; nonhuman; nonpolio enterovirus species C; Poliomyelitis virus; priority journal; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; species diversity; species identification; virus identification; virus isolation; cell line; classification; DNA sequence; Enterovirus; genetics; genotype; isolation and purification; microbiology; molecular genetics; procedures; virus culture; Cell Line; Enterovirus; Environmental Microbiology; Genotype; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Nigeria; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Viral; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Virus Cultivation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956325523	The role and impact of Non-Academics Staff Union (NASU) in two Nigerian universities	Adeniji M.A., Adekunjo O.A.	2010	Library Philosophy and Practice	2010	MAR	None	College Librarian, College of Engineering and Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria; Dept of Library and Information Science, Ambrose Alii University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	Adeniji, M.A., College Librarian, College of Engineering and Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adekunjo, O.A., Dept of Library and Information Science, Ambrose Alii University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925393985	Pregnancy related breast diseases in a developing african country: Initial sonographic evaluation	Adeniji-Sofoluwe A.T., Obajimi G.O., Obajimi M.O.	2015	Pan African Medical Journal	20	None	10.11604/pamj.2015.20.239.4830	University of Ibadan, College of Medicine, Department of Radiology and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; University of Ibadan, College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adeniji-Sofoluwe, A.T., University of Ibadan, College of Medicine, Department of Radiology and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Obajimi, G.O., University of Ibadan, College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Obajimi, M.O., University of Ibadan, College of Medicine, Department of Radiology and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria	Benign diseases are more common than malignant diseases in pregnant and lactating women. Fibroadenomas are the most commonly identified benign breast tumour in pregnant and lactating women. Pregnancy related breast cancer is defined as breast cancer that occurs during pregnancy or within 1 year of delivery. Its incidence is estimated at 1 in 3000 to 1 in 10 000 pregnancies. Several reproductive factors like age at menarche, age at menopause, age at full-term pregnancy, parity, age at any birth and spacing of pregnancies, breast feeding, characteristics of the menstrual cycle, infertility, spontaneous and induced abortions, characteristics of the menstrual cycle and infertility are some of the factors that have been incriminated as risk factors for breast cancer. We sought to describe the predominant breast pattern, sonographic array of pregnancy related breast diseases in women referred to the breast imaging unit in the department of Radiology at the University College Hospital, Ibadan south west Nigeria. Socio-demographic characteristics in these women were also evaluated. Archived images were reviewed and documented and data was analysed with SPSS version 17 and presented with descriptives. In this descriptive study, we retrospectively retrieved the sonomammographic records of 21 women (pregnant or lactating) referred to and imaged in the department of radiology, University college hospital Ibadan, between 2006 and 2013. Diagnostic breast sonograms performed by MO and ATS; Consultant radiologists with 7-10 years' experience utilized a 7-10 MHz transducer of the General electric GE Logiq P5 machine for the scans. Twenty-one women with ages between 22-42 years (Mean 31.4 ±5.4 SD) pregnant or lactating were referred to the radiology department for sonomammographic evaluation. Majority of the women were in the 3rd decade. Referral was mainly (11) by family Physicians from the general outpatient clinic, 5 were self-referred, 2 from radiotherapy department, 2 from obstetrics and gynaecology department and 1 from the surgical outpatient clinic. Nineteen (89.5%) were lactating and breastfeeding while 2 (10.5%) were pregnant. Nipple discharge (89.5%) was the predominant presenting complaint in the study. They were all married with the majority attaining menarche at age 14.6±2.1 SD years. Most of the women were multi-parous 17(89.5%) and possessed higher level of Education 17 (81.0%). Twenty (96.0%) women had no previous breast disease while only 1 (4.0%) woman had a positive family history of breast cancer. They weighed between 44-102kg (mean 69.84kg±15.33SD). Their mean height was 159.8cm. Waist hip ratio was between 0.69-0.93 (Mean 0.83). The heterogeneous fibroglandular pattern was predominant in 15 (71.4%) women. Final BIRADS assessment of 2 was most frequent (11/21) 52.4% while 19.0% were assigned to BIRADS categories 0 and 1 (4/21). Histological diagnosis of Invasive ductal carcinoma was made in the 3 women with final BIRADS of 5 breast diseases found in most pregnant and lactating women were benign. It is important to note that malignant breast lesions can also occur in this group of women who may assume that the changes noted in their breast are due to lactation. © Adenike Temitayo Adeniji-Sofoluwe et al.	African country; Breast; Pregnancy; Sonographic	adult; Africa; Article; body height; body weight; breast carcinoma; breast discharge; breast disease; breast feeding; clinical article; echomammography; educational status; family history; female; histology; human; lactation; married woman; menarche; multipara; patient referral; pregnancy disorder; retrospective study; waist hip ratio	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940180314	Effect of growth supporting additives on the performance of Auricularia auricula on Mansonia altissima A. chev sawdust	Adenipekun C.O., Lawal R., Isikhuemhen O.S.	2015	International Food Research Journal	22	5	None	Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Crescent University, Abeokuta, PMB, Sapon, Nigeria; Mushroom Biology and Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, North Carolina A and T State University, Greensboro, NC, United States	Adenipekun, C.O., Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Lawal, R., Crescent University, Abeokuta, PMB, Sapon, Nigeria; Isikhuemhen, O.S., Mushroom Biology and Fungal Biotechnology Laboratory, North Carolina A and T State University, Greensboro, NC, United States	Auricularia auricula (St. Aman's) Berk was cultivated on Mansonia altissima sawdust with various additives (Brewer's grain (BG), Corn chaff (CC), Oil palm fibre (OPF), Sorghum bicolor chaff (SC) and Wheat bran (WB) at different percentages (0%, 5%, 10% and 20%). The study was carried out to determine the effect of additives on the performance of the fungus on the substrate; M. altissima sawdust. The treated and untreated substrates with additives at different percentages were analyzed for lignocelluloses composition, macro element, C-N ratio and proximate composition. The result of this study showed that A. auricula reduced the lignocelluloses composition of M. altissima sawdust. The lignin content reduced from 7.97% (control) to 1.59% in 20%SC treated substrate. The macro elements (Ca, Mg, K, Na) compositions were low in all the treated substrate - additives combination. The least was recorded in Na (25.8 - 84.5ppm), Ca (2.04% in control and 0.50% in 20%SC). The proximate composition showed that the substrate had an average moisture content of 50% - 61%, low protein (4.85-0.60%), high carbohydrate and high ash contents compared to the control. The results of this study showed that A. auricula exhibited an increase in performance with increase in additives, with the most efficient at 20% for all the additives. It can also be concluded that wheat bran was the best out of the five additives used.	Additives; Auricularia auricula; Lignocelluloses composition; Proximate composition	Auricularia auricula-judae; Elaeis; Fungi; Mansonia altissima; Sorghum bicolor; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929408831	Performance comparison of hydraulic and gravitation HybridICE filters in freeze desalination of mine waters	Adeniyi A., Mbaya R.K.K., Popoola A.P.I., Maree J.P., Zvinowanda C.M.	2015	Water SA	41	2	10.4314/wsa.v41i2.13	Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, PMB X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, PMB X680, Pretoria, South Africa	Adeniyi, A., Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, PMB X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Mbaya, R.K.K., Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, PMB X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Popoola, A.P.I., Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, PMB X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Maree, J.P., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, PMB X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Zvinowanda, C.M., Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, PMB X680, Pretoria, South Africa	HybridICE is an emerging freeze desalination technology for treating complex mine wastewaters. The technology works on the principle that growing ice crystals reject impurities during freezing. The bottleneck in the freeze desalination processes may be the separation of ice from the ice slurry generated in the freeze engine. Two types of HybridICE filter have been developed to effect ice separation from ice slurry. The two types differ in the design of the filter elements, mode of feeding the slurry into the filter, and the mechanism of separation of ice from the slurry. In both types of filter, an extruded continuous ice column is formed around the filtering element, which has some openings to allow excess concentrated process water to flow out of the filter. However, the driving force in the gravitation filter is buoyancy, while in the hydraulic filter the ice column is driven by the pressure generated from the flow of the slurry. Salt removal and ice yield from each of the filter types was evaluated when a solution of approximately 4% m/m NaCl solution, prepared by dissolving 25.1 kg of NaCl in 674 litres of water, was treated in a HybridICE freeze crystallisation pilot plant. The objective was to describe the operation of the two types of filter and compare their performance. Salt removal and ice yield were found to be higher with the gravitation filter than the hydraulic filter. © 2015, South African Water Research Commission. All rights reserved.	Desalination; Filter; Freeze; Ice; Salt removal; Yield	Crystal impurities; Desalination; Freezing; Gravitation; Groundwater; Pilot plants; Salt removal; Wastewater treatment; Water treatment; Desalination technologies; Driving forces; Filter; Filter elements; Filtering elements; Mine wastewaters; Performance comparison; Yield; Ice; buoyancy; desalination; filter; ice crystal; performance assessment; slurry; sodium chloride; wastewater	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856514457	Assessment of the performance of the drag and bulk transfer method in estimating sensible and latent heat fluxes in a tropical station	Adeniyi M.O., Ogunsola O.E.	2012	Theoretical and Applied Climatology	107	04-Mar	10.1007/s00704-011-0496-7	Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adeniyi, M.O., Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ogunsola, O.E., Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The performance of the general bulk formulation in estimating sensible heat flux at Nigerian Micrometeorological Experimental site was assessed. Reliable sensible heat flux was estimated with the use of accurate diurnal values of transfer coefficient of sensible heat. The performances of one α, two β and a modified α formulations in the estimation of latent heat flux were also assessed at the station. The Lee and Pielke (β), modified Kondo (α), Jacquemin and Noilhan (α) and Noilhan and Planton (β) parameterizations gave good estimation of latent heat flux. The coefficient of determination (R 2) of the models between measured and estimated values were greater than 0. 7. Low diurnal mean absolute error and root mean squared error values were found between measured and estimated fluxes. All the parameterizations gave reliable latent heat flux when diurnal values of transfer coefficients of moisture were used. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.	None	estimation method; latent heat flux; parameterization; performance assessment; reliability analysis; sensible heat flux; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645859346	Herring fish (Clupea harengus) oil production and evaluation for industrial uses	Adeniyi O.D.	2006	Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology	27	4	10.1080/01932690500374334	Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	Adeniyi, O.D., Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	It is a well known fact that the lipid (oil) extracted from various fish species can be of industrial benefit if properly extracted and processed. In this study herring fish oil was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative analysis in other to provide an assessment of the quality of the oil for industrial purposes. This work focuses on the production of oil from frozen herring fish (Clupea harengus) as the raw material readily available on the market, by evaluating by the oil using chemical and physical analysis and refining the oil by degumming, neutralizing, drying, and decolorizing. The experimental results revealed that the rate of extraction increases with time until maximum extraction took place using an average size of 780 p.m. Every 10.64 g of dried sample used has about 4.34 g of oil extracted for five hours. The extracted herring fish oil contains two essential unsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which could be of great industrial importance. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Clupea harengus; DHA; EFA; Fish oil; Herring; PUFA	Degumming; Drying; Extraction; Fatty acids; Food processing; Oils and fats; Clupea harengus; Decolorizing; Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); Fish oil; Herring fish; Neutralizing; Lipids; Degumming; Drying; Extraction; Fatty acids; Food processing; Lipids; Oils and fats	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745175193	Evaluation and modelling of effluent from electroplating plant	Adeniyi O.D.	2005	Modelling, Measurement and Control C	66	04-Mar	None	Dept of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria	Adeniyi, O.D., Dept of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Nigeria	Industrial effluents discharge into the environment has been on the increase in recent years and this has led to the deterioration of the environment, there are changes in both the physical and chemical characteristics of these places and in particular a remarkable change in the pH values. This paper gives an evaluation of effluent from electroplating industries and further proposes a developed model for the prediction of the pH as a function of five different parameters of Total Suspended Solids (TSS), magnesium ion (Mg 2+), calcium ion (Ca2+), total metal and dissolved oxygen. Parametric coefficients in the model equation obtained showed that the effect of dissolved oxygen and calcium ions are higher than the others. Results of analysis reveal that the values of TSS were much higher than the set limits while the others were within manageable values. Simulation results on the pH show various degrees of variations form experimental, the reason attributed to this was the limited number of parameters considered in model development.	Ca2+; Effluent; Electroplating; Mg2+; Model; pH; TSS	Computer simulation; Dissolution; Effluents; Electroplating; Industrial plants; Magnesium printing plates; Industrial effluents discharge; Total Suspended Solids (TSS); Industrial wastes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880254832	Duration of diabetes and glycemic control: Impact on echocardiography findings in children and young adults with diabetes mellitus in Lagos	Adeniyi O.F., Oduwole A.O., Okoromah C.A.N., Ekure E., Fajolu I.B., Ladapo T.A.	2013	International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries	33	2	10.1007/s13410-013-0116-4	Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Adeniyi, O.F., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Oduwole, A.O., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Okoromah, C.A.N., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Ekure, E., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Fajolu, I.B., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Ladapo, T.A., Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	The influence of disease duration and glycemic control on cardiac function in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients remains controversial. There is little data on young patients in the Sub-Saharan continent. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of disease duration and glycemic control on the cardiac function of children and adolescents with diabetes using echocardiography. In this cross sectional study, 26 T1DM subjects and 33 matched controls had conventional echocardiography done. The relationship between their cardiac parameters, disease duration and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level was assessed with correlation and regression analysis. Five (19.2 %) subjects had evidence of abnormal fractional shortening. There was no significant difference in systolic function between the diabetics and controls. The isovolumic relaxation time and Deceleration time were significantly prolonged in the diabetics (P = 0.034, P = 0.001 respectively). There was a significant correlation between disease duration and end diastolic diameter (EDD) (P = 0.000) and Left ventricular mass (P = 0.000). Disease duration was also an independent predictor of EDD (P = 0.007), even after adjusting for age, body mass index and mean arterial pressure. There were no significant correlations between HbA1c and measures of cardiac structure or function. The right ventricular diastolic function was poorer in the T1DM subjects compared to the controls. Thus, the disease duration independently predicts left ventricular enlargement in this population of Sub-Saharan youths (who have relatively poor glycemic control). © 2013 Research Society for Study of Diabetes in India.	Cardiac; Left ventricular dysfunction; Sub saharan	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-54949098904	Comparative evaluation of the binding properties of two species of khaya gum polymer in a paracetamol tablet formulation	Adenuga Y.A., Odeku O.A., Adegboye T.A., Itiola O.A.	2008	Pharmaceutical Development and Technology	13	6	10.1080/10837450802179338	Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adenuga, Y.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Odeku, O.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adegboye, T.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Itiola, O.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	A study was made of the comparative effects of polymers obtained from two species of khaya tree - Khaya senegalensis and Khaya grandifoliola - as binding agents in a paracetamol tablet formulation. The mechanical properties of the tablets were assessed using the tensile strength (T), brittle fracture index (BFI) and friability (F) of the tablets while the drug release properties of the tablets were assessed using disintegration and dissolution times. The tensile strength, disintegration and the dissolution times of tablets increased with the increase in binder concentration while F and BFI decreased. K. senegalensis gum produced tablets with stronger mechanical properties with less tendency to laminate, and longer disintegration and dissolution times than K. grandifoliola gum. The results suggest that the polymer gum from K. senegalensis will be more appropriate as a binding agent than the gum from K. grandifoliola when higher mechanical strength and slower release profiles of tablets are desired. Copyright © Informa UK, Ltd.	Binding agent; Drug release properties; Khaya grandifoliola; Khaya gum polymer; Khaya senegalensis; Mechanical properties; Tablets	adhesive agent; Khaya gum polymer; paracetamol; polymer; unclassified drug; article; brittle fracture index; comparative study; concentration response; correlation analysis; drug formulation; drug release; drug screening; drug solubility; Khaya grandifoliola; Khaya senegalensis; parameter; priority journal; tablet; tablet disintegration; tablet disintegration time; tablet friability; tablet property; tensile strength; tree; viscosity; Acetaminophen; Algorithms; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Excipients; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactose; Meliaceae; Plant Gums; Starch; Tablets; Tensile Strength; Viscosity; Water	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872823235	Evaluation of response patterns in somatic and otolith features of laboratory-reared and wild Clarias gariepinus exposed to industrial effluent	Adeogun A.O., Babatunde T.A., Chukwuka A.V.	2013	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	5	2	None	Hydrobiology and Fisheries Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Biology Department, Umaru Musa Yar'Adua University, Katsina, Nigeria; Ecology and Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibad	Adeogun, A.O., Hydrobiology and Fisheries Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Babatunde, T.A., Biology Department, Umaru Musa Yar'Adua University, Katsina, Nigeria; Chukwuka, A.V., Ecology and Environmental Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	This study was aimed at comparing the responses of somatic and otolith features in Clarias gariepinus under chronic exposure conditions to industrial effluents in the laboratory for 60 days and in the wild for 6 months. Fish were collected upstream and downstream bi-monthly from a river receiving composite mixtures of industrial effluent while laboratory-reared C. gariepinus were exposed to the same effluent mixtures in 60 days static renewal/bioassay using concentrations of 6.11, 3.05 and 2.23%, respectively and control series. A total of 21 variables representing saggital otolith and somatic data from both wild and laboratory fish were subjected to factor analysis. For laboratory reared fish, PC 1 indexed as 'otolith factor', PC 2 indexed as 'condition factor' and PC 3 indexed as 'paired fin factor' accounted for 26.15, 19.01 and 12.55% of the total variance, respectively. For wild fish, otolith factor (PC 1) and condition factor (PC 2) accounted for 38.24 and 22.69% of the variance respectively. The first 3 components and the first 2 components for laboratory and wild fish accounted for more than 50% of total variance in data. Reliability index (Cronbach's alpha (a>0.70) showed that the 'otolith factor' had strong internal consistency and is reliable as a primary and viable index of stress for both laboratory and wild fish. The complementary role of condition factor in stress detection was also highlighted. The emergence of paired features (otolith, pectoral and pelvic fins) as sensitive parameters in toxicity responses may be an indication of the onset of asymmetry in these structures. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2013.	Clarias gariepinus; Condition factor; Industrial effluents; Otolith factor; Paired fin factor; Reliability index	Clarias gariepinus; Condition factor; Industrial effluent; Otolith factor; Paired fin factor; Reliability Index; Computer system firewalls; Fins (heat exchange); Fish; Rivers; Sewage; Laboratories	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861165126	Impact of industrial effluent on water quality and gill pathology of clarias gariepinus from Alaro Stream, Ibadan, Southwest, Nigeria	Adeogun A.O.	2012	European Journal of Scientific Research	76	1	None	Hydrobiology and Fisheries Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Adeogun, A.O., Hydrobiology and Fisheries Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	The responses of a freshwater fish to variations in water quality were evaluated using gill histopathology and condition factor of Clarias gariepinus from Alaro stream. Alaro stream receives industrial effluent as a point source and water quality parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, Electrical conductivity (EC), Alkalinity, Biochemical Oxygen demand (BOD) and Total dissolved solids (TDS)) and metals (Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd) and Iron (Fe)) were analysed from nine sampling sites (upstream, effluent discharge point and downstream) using standard methods. The average values of all physico-chemical parameters (except pH and DO) and metals were considerably higher downstream than upstream while effluent discharge point showed the highest values for all sampling sites. The lowest values for pH and DO were also recorded at effluent discharge point and concentrations of Fe downstream exceeded acceptable limits for surface waters. Gill histopathological lesions observed in fish downstream included severe necrosis, oedema, erosion of gill villi, matting of gill filaments with focal areas of haemorrhage. Significant (p<0.05) decreases in body weight and condition factor (CF) were recorded for fish downstream of effluent discharge point compared to fish upstream. Fish displayed impaired health (poor CF) attributed to changes in water quality due to industrial wastewater discharge. This resulted in irreversible compensatory responses of the gill tissue as evidenced in altered histopathology of the gills. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2012.	Alaro stream; Clarias gariepinus; Condition factor; Gill pathology; Water quality	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879668773	Evaluation of spinous process wiring techniques for accidental canal penetration	Adeolu A.A., Azeez A.L.	2013	Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice	4	2	10.4103/0976-3147.112748	Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, P.O. Box 40476, Dugbe, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Neurological Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adeolu, A.A., Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, P.O. Box 40476, Dugbe, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Neurological Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Azeez, A.L., Department of Neurological Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria	Background and Objective: Accidental canal penetration with attendant complications constitutes one of the reasons for abandoning the use of wires for posterior spinal fusion techniques. However, there is dearth of information on this risk when the wire is introduced through the base of spinous process as against sublaminar passage. This study was designed to evaluate hardware-related postoperative complications, especially canal penetration, in our patients who had spinal process wiring in two types of posterior wiring techniques. Materials and Methods: Patients who had either of two spinous process wiring techniques formed the population for the study. The clinical records were reviewed and the following data were extracted: Age, sex, diagnosis, operation (fusion type), preoperative neurological status, postoperative neurologic deterioration, other postoperative complication and radiologic evidence of canal encroachment. Results: One hundred and seventy four spinous processes were instrumented in 42 patients. The age of the patients ranged from 11 to 78 years while male to female ratio was 2.5:1. Majority of the spinal wiring were for trauma (29 patients; 69.0) while the remaining were tumor (6; 14.3%), degenerative diseases (4; 9.5%) and infections (3; 7.1%). The Rogers technique was performed in 16 (38.1%) patients while 26 (61.9%) underwent Adeolu et al. technique. One patient (2.3%) had neurologic deterioration while 5 patients (11.1%) had varying type of complications from wound infection to fracture of spinous processes. There was no patient with radiological or clinical evidence of canal compromise. Conclusion: Spinous process wiring techniques for posterior spinal stabilization appears to be safe as demonstrated in this study.	Canal penetration; spinous process; wiring	accidental canal penetration; adolescent; adult; aged; article; child; clinical article; degenerative disease; female; human; male; medical record; mental deterioration; postoperative complication; postoperative period; preoperative period; priority journal; school child; sex ratio; spine fracture; spine fusion; spine injury; spine tumor; spinous process wiring technique; surgical technique; surgical wire; wound infection	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930636912	Evaluation of antidepressant-like effect of Olax subscorpioidea oliv(olacaceae) extract in mice	Adeoluwa O.A., Aderibigbe A.O., Bakre A.G.	2015	Drug Research	65	6	10.1055/s-0034-1382010	Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ojoo-Sango Road, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Adeoluwa, O.A., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ojoo-Sango Road, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Aderibigbe, A.O., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ojoo-Sango Road, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Bakre, A.G., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ojoo-Sango Road, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Olax subscorpioidea is a shrub or tree found in Nigeria, and other parts of Africa. It is indicated in the management of inflammatory disorder, mental illness, convulsion, pain, and cancer. Based on the folkloric use in the management of mental illness, antidepressant activity of Olax subscorpioidea (6.25-50 mg/kg, i. p.) was investigated using forced swimming, tail suspension, yohimbine induced lethality and reserpine induced depression tests. The results showed that, Olax subscorpioidea produced significant dose dependent reduction in immobility time in forced swimming [F (5, 24)=17.22, p<0.0001] and tail suspension [F (5, 24)=14.94, p<0.0001] tests without causing changes in locomotor activity in open field test. It was also found that Olax subscorpioidea significantly reduced diarrhea in reserpine model of depression [F (5, 24)=10, p<0.0001]. None of the doses potentiated yohimbine induced lethality in mice. In conclusion Olax subscorpioidea possessed antidepressant action, thus justifying its use in the management of mental illness. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart New York.	antidepressant; immobility; mental illness; Olax subscorpioidea; yohimbine	antidepressant agent; Olax subscorpioidea extract; plant extract; reserpine; unclassified drug; yohimbine; animal experiment; animal model; antidepressant activity; Article; controlled study; depression; diarrhea; drug response; forced swim test; locomotion; male; mouse; nonhuman; Olacaceae; Olax subscorpioidea; tail suspension test	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84912074752	Evaluation of the effectiveness of peer education in improving HIV knowledge, attitude, and sexual behaviours among in-school adolescents in osun state, Nigeria	Adeomi A.A., Adeoye O.A., Asekun-Olarinmoye E.O., Abodunrin O.L., Olugbenga-Bello A.I., Sabageh A.O.	2014	AIDS Research and Treatment	2014	None	10.1155/2014/131756	Department of Community Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine,	Adeomi, A.A., Department of Community Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adeoye, O.A., Department of Community Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Asekun-Olarinmoye, E.O., Department of Community Medicine, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Abodunrin, O.L., Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Olugbenga-Bello, A.I., Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Sabageh, A.O., Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria	Introduction. Young people are at the centre of the global HIV/AIDS epidemic. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of peer education in improving HIV knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices among in-school adolescents in Osun State, Nigeria.Methods. This was an intervention study that was carried out among in-school adolescents attending mixed secondary schools in Osun State, Nigeria. The study was in three stages: before intervention, intervention, and after intervention. The impact of peer education was evaluated twelve weeks after intervention. Data were collected using pretested semistructured questionnaires and data analysis was done with SPSS version 16.Results. At the preintervention stage, the study and control groups were similar in their sociodemographic characteristics, HIV knowledge, attitude, and preventive practices, including high risk behaviours for HIV/AIDS transmission. After the peer education intervention, those with good knowledge and positive attitudes towards HIV/AIDS increased significantly from 50.0% to 86.7% and from 49.0% to 85.6%, respectively (P < 0.05).Conclusion. The study showed that peer education is effective in improving knowledge, attitude, and some preventive practices towards HIV/AIDS among in-school adolescents. Educational programmes about HIV/AIDS should therefore be designed to target this age group putting into consideration their unique characteristics. © 2014 Adeleye Abiodun Adeomi et al.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646887744	Development and quality evaluation of non-alcoholic beverages from maize based products	Ade-Omowaye B.I.O., Olaniyan S.A., Adeyemi I.A., Isola O.O.	2006	Nutrition and Food Science	36	3	10.1108/00346650610664922	Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Food Science and Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife-Ife, Nigeria	Ade-Omowaye, B.I.O., Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Olaniyan, S.A., Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Adeyemi, I.A., Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Isola, O.O., Department of Food Science and Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife-Ife, Nigeria	Purpose - This paper sets out to focus on the utilization of the locally available raw material to develop an acceptable and high quality non-alcoholic beverage in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach - Maize-based non-alcoholic beverages were produced from either plain maize powder or combinations of maize powder and mango or soybean flour. Plain and fruit or soy-fortified maize powders were analyzed using standard methods for chemical composition, while total solid, sediment height, pH, titratable acidity, storage stability and microbial load were determined on the formulated beverage products. Taste panel evaluation was conducted to evaluate the acceptability of the products. Findings - While the protein, fat and ash contents of plain maize powder were 5.69, 5.95 and 0.35 percent respectively, there was minimal enhancement with fruit addition. However, with 10 per cent soybean addition significant improvement over the unfortified sample in protein (14.62 per cent), fat (10.64 per cent) and ash (0.96 per cent) was obtained. Sediment height was found to be higher for beverage with sour water and least for soy-fortified beverage. Titratable acidity of beverage samples was found to be 0.022, 0.018, 0.054 and 0.306 per cent (per cent lactic acid) for plain, fruit-flavoured, soy-fortified and soured beverages respectively. Variation in titratable acidity was observed depending on the product and storage condition. Sensory evaluation result for beverage prepared with sour water (0-100 per cent) revealed preference for soured beverage with 80 percent sour water. Also, fruit-flavoured sample ranked highest in preference followed closely by the plain beverage, while soy-fortified sample was the least acceptable. Originality/value - The paper has demonstrated the feasibility of developing acceptable beverage samples from sour water (a by-product of Ogi usually regarded as waste) and combinations of either maize powder and mango or soybean flour. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Cereals; Nigeria; Non-alcoholic drinks; Waste recovery	Glycine max; Mangifera indica; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70049090783	Evaluation of some chemical and physicochemical properties of meals from pretreated tigernut seeds (Cyperus esculentus)	Ade-Omowaye B.I.O., Adegbite A.M., Adetunji B.R., Oladunmoye O.O.	2009	Nutrition and Food Science	39	2	10.1108/00346650910943244	The Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi (FIIRO), Lagos, Nigeria	Ade-Omowaye, B.I.O., The Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Adegbite, A.M., The Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Adetunji, B.R., The Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Oladunmoye, O.O., Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi (FIIRO), Lagos, Nigeria	Purpose: This paper focuses on the effect of different pretreatments on some properties of tigernut, an underutilized crop in Nigeria with the aim of widening its utilization in the country. Design/methodology/approach: Tigernuts were subjected to various pretreatments such as fermentation, germination, pregelatinization and roasting before drying at 50 ± 2 °C for 48h in locally fabricated cabinet drier and milling in commercial plate mill to produce meal which passed through 30 mm pore-sized sieve. Pretreated and untreated tigernut meals were analyzed using methods reported in the literature for chemical composition, physicochemical and functional properties. Findings: Protein content of the meals ranged from 2.79 ± 0.01 to 3.65 ± 0.02 per cent with sample from fermented tigernut having the highest value and those from roasted ones having the least value. There were slight variations in the crude fat, fiber and ash contents of the resultant meals after pretreatment. There were 10 and 14 per cent enhancement in the ascorbic acid contents of fermented and germinated meals respectively. Titratable acidity, pH and water absorption capacity were affected by pretreatment in this study. Bulk density varied slightly after pretreatment. Germination, roasting and pregelatinization resulted in marked decrease in peak viscosity of the samples. The emulsion capacity ranged from 48.4 to 56 per cent with the untreated sample having the highest value and meals from roasted sample had the least value. Foaming capacity was improved by the pretreatments with the exception of roasting which reduced it from 2.15 to 1.18 per cent. Originality/value: The paper has demonstrated the effect of pretreatments on tigernut meals and its potential applications in various food formulation and development, e.g. weaning foods, baked goods, beverage products, etc. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Chemical analysis and testing; Food crops; Nigeria; Nuts (food)	Cyperus; Cyperus esculentus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-42549157498	Effects of night-reading on daytime sleepiness, sleep quality and academic performance of undergraduate pharmacy students in Nigeria	Adeosun S.O., Asa S.O., Babalola O.O., Akanmu M.A.	2008	Sleep and Biological Rhythms	6	2	10.1111/j.1479-8425.2008.00338.x	Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria; D	Adeosun, S.O., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria; Asa, S.O., Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria; Babalola, O.O., Department of Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria; Akanmu, M.A., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria	We evaluated the impact of night reading on daytime sleepiness, quality of sleep and performance of student. Pharmacy students (N = 253, 71.5% response rate) completed a sleep and study lifestyle questionnaire, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index and the Epworth sleepiness scale questionnaires, and their grade indices (were obtained. The results showed that the prevalence of night reading was 76.7% and there was a significant (P < 0.05) association between night reading and sleep quality, and also between sleep quality and academic performance. Thus, habitual night reading may affect academic performance, possibly due to the reduced sleep and poor sleep quality of habitual night readers. © 2008 The Authors Journal compilation © 2008 Japanese Society of Sleep Research.	Academic performance; Daytime sleepiness; PSQI; Sleep education; Sleep quality	academic achievement; adolescent; adult; article; controlled study; daytime somnolence; Epworth sleepiness scale; female; human; human experiment; lifestyle; male; Nigeria; night; normal human; pharmacy student; prevalence; priority journal; questionnaire; reading; scoring system; sex difference; sleep; sleep time	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649850525	Factors influencing irrigation technology adoption and its impact on household poverty in Ghana	Adeoti A.I.	2008	Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics	109	1	None	Dept. of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adeoti, A.I., Dept. of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The treadle pump technology was promoted and disseminated as an alternative to traditional rope and bucket for irrigation in Ghana by the International Non-Governmental Organization, Enterprise Works. The aim is to improve output, increase incomes and consequently reduce poverty among farm households. The paper employed the Heckman two-stage and the Ordinary Least Square procedures to identify the factors that influence adoption of the technology and the impact of adoption on the poverty status of farm households. Farm and household level data were obtained from 108 farmers consisting of 52 adopters and 58 non-adopters. The results demonstrated that availability of labor and increases in number of extension visits per year are factors that increase the probability of adoption. The results also showed that increase in irrigated area has the highest impact on poverty followed by adoption of treadle pump and literacy level of farmers.	Ghana; Irrigation technology; Poverty; Treadle pump adoption	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84952960232	Efficiency impacts of information and communication technologies in the Nigerian printing and publishing industry	Adeoti J.O., Adeyinka F.M., Ubaru M.O.	2010	International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development	3	3	10.1504/IJTLID.2010.036493	Economic and Technology Development Department, Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), Oyo Road, Ojoo, P.M.B. 5 UIPO, Ibadan, Nigeria; Technology Development Agency (NITDA), 28 Port Harcourt Crescent, Off Gimbiya Street, Garki Area 11	Adeoti, J.O., Economic and Technology Development Department, Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), Oyo Road, Ojoo, P.M.B. 5 UIPO, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adeyinka, F.M., Economic and Technology Development Department, Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), Oyo Road, Ojoo, P.M.B. 5 UIPO, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ubaru, M.O., Technology Development Agency (NITDA), 28 Port Harcourt Crescent, Off Gimbiya Street, Garki Area 11, Abuja, Nigeria	The study reported in this paper examines the use of ICTs and their efficiency impacts in the Nigerian printing and publishing industry. The findings provide evidence of the diffusion of ICTs in the industry, and regression of technical efficiency scores on firm characteristics and indicators of ICT investment showed that age of firm, age of main production equipment, size of firm and ownership structure have no significant impact on technical efficiency of firms in the research sample. Factors that have significant impact on technical efficiency of firms include physical capital, sales turnover, proportion of workers with higher education, and three aspects of ICT investment (viz., investment in computers, investment in computer software, and investment in e-business facility). The results demonstrate that ICT investments have significant positive impacts on technical efficiency, but firms are however prone to adopting hardware without requisite in-house ICT skills and adequate knowledge of software. Promoting ICT investment should therefore, be accompanied by deliberate efforts to guide firms to acquire ICT skills and software in tandem with investment in ICT hardware. © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	ICTs; industrial development; information and communication technologies; Nigeria; printing and publishing; technical efficiency	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84916231059	Compensation management and motivation: Cooking utensils for organisational performance	Adeoye A.O., Elegunde A.F.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	27	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n27p88	Department of Business Administration, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria	Adeoye, A.O., Department of Business Administration, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria; Elegunde, A.F., Department of Business Administration, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria	The achievement of organisational performance is essential for sustainability and continuous existence of the organisation. Obviously, this is a function of employees that are well remunerated and motivated, thus, it is contingent that compensation management and employees motivation should be aligned with the vision, mission and objectives of the organisation. In doing this, the attainment of organisational performance becomes an easy task and it will also reduce the antecedent negative impact of absenteeism, labour turnover, industrial unrest and non-commitment attitude of the employees. Efficient and adequate compensation management and employees motivation will improve organisational productivity and image of the organisation. In order to attract, hire and retain skilful employees that will ensure the achievement of organisational performance, it is therefore; recommended that there should be a periodical review of compensation package. It is against the backdrop of the import of compensation and motivation as cooking utensils for organisational performance that this addressed. © 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved.	Compensation management; Employees; Motivation; Organisation; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28844496331	Evaluation of naturally decomposed solid wastes from municipal dump sites for their manurial value in southwest Nigeria	Adeoye G.O., Sridhar M.K.C., AdeOluwa O.O., Akinsoji N.A.	2005	Journal of Sustainable Agriculture	26	4	10.1300/J064v26n04_09	Department of Agronomy, Gainesville, FL, United States; Division of Environmental Health, Organo-Mineral Fertilizer Research and Development Group, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adeoye, G.O., Department of Agronomy, Gainesville, FL, United States; Sridhar, M.K.C., Division of Environmental Health, Organo-Mineral Fertilizer Research and Development Group, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; AdeOluwa, O.O., Department of Agronomy, Gainesville, FL, United States; Akinsoji, N.A., Department of Agronomy, Gainesville, FL, United States	Ibadan, like other urban centers in Nigeria is characterized by a large number of illegal solid waste dumps. These waste dumps decomposing under the tropical heat pose serious pollution problems to the ecosystems and at the same time are transformed naturally into 'manure' or compost over a period of stay and degradation under the tropical sun. Rapid decline in soil fertility under tropical climate coupled with high cost of chemical fertilizers make these manures very attractive for poor peasant farmers as alternate sources of fertilizers or soil conditioners. This study has evaluated the nutrient value of decomposed waste from six different municipal dumpsites of varying age ranging between 6 months and 20 years. A green house experiment was conducted using sand culture to study the effects of application of these manures on the growth and yield of a common green leafy vegetable, Amaranthus caudatus. These manures were also compared against organo-mineral fertilizers (prepared from cow dung and municipal solid wastes amended with mineral nitrogen and without amendment) used normally by the farmers. The results showed that the dumpsite manures are rich in C, N, P, and K, which promoted plant growth comparable to normal compost. © 2005 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.	Green amaranth; Manure; Municipal solid wastes; Nigerian agriculture; Organic wastes	decomposition; manure; solid waste; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Amaranthus; Amaranthus caudatus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899535377	Dimensionless quantities in the evaluation of novel composite disintegrants	Adeoye O., Alebiowu G.	2014	Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology	24	2	None	Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-lfe, Nigeria	Adeoye, O., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-lfe, Nigeria; Alebiowu, G., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-lfe, Nigeria	Composites of native tapioca starch and mannitol were prepared by co-fusion and co-grinding to produce novel excipients. The disintegrant activity of the novel excipients was evaluated using the disintegration efficiency ratio (DER) in a paracetamol tablet formulation with native tapioca starch as control. Two dimensionless quantities DERN and DERC were then used to assess the efficiency of the novel excipients in enhancing the quality of the paracetamol tablets. The results indicated that the novel excipients would enhance the balance between the mechanical and disintegration properties of tablets as reflected in the DER values. The results suggested that a particular combination of process and formulation variables is required for the optimum activity of the novel disintegrants. The study concluded that the activity of the novel excipients was dependent on the mode of incorporation, compression load and method of compositing.	Co-fusion; Co-grinding; Dimensionless quantities; Disintegration efficiency ratio; Mannitol; Tapioca starch	excipient; mannitol; paracetamol; starch; article; controlled study; productivity; quantitative study; tablet compression; tablet disintegration; tablet formulation; tapioca	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903362394	In vivo antimalarial evaluation of MAMA decoction on Plasmodium berghei in mice	Adepiti A.O., Elujoba A.A., Bolaji O.O.	2014	Parasitology Research	113	2	10.1007/s00436-013-3680-0	Department of Pharmacognosy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adepiti, A.O., Department of Pharmacognosy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Elujoba, A.A., Department of Pharmacognosy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Bolaji, O.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	The use of decoctions of different plant materials is common practice in antimalarial ethnomedicine in Africa. Scientific evaluation of such herbal combinations to verify the claims is important. The study has evaluated the antimalarial efficacy of MAMA decoction (MD), a multicomponent herbal preparation and its individual plant components, namely leaves of Morinda lucida Benth [Rubiaceae] (ML), Azadirachta indica A. Juss [Meliaceae] (AI), Alstonia boonei De Wild [Apocynaceae] (AB) and Mangifera indica L [Anacardiaceae] (MI) in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Each decoction was prepared by boiling the powdered leaf in water, concentrated in vacuo and freeze-dried. The acute toxicity of MD (LD50 = 3.8 g/kg) was determined using Lorke's method. The antimalarial activities of MD and its plant components were evaluated by oral administration of the freeze-dried extracts (15-240 mg/kg) using the early malaria infection test model. The established malaria infection test was used to evaluate MD (60-240 mg/kg) while amodiaquine [10 mg/kg] (AQ) and distilled water were employed as the positive and negative controls, respectively. From the early malaria infection test, the effective doses at 50 % (ED50) and 90 % (ED90) for MD, AB, AI, ML, MI and AQ were 43, 79, 140, 134, 208 and 3.9 mg/kg and 202, 276, 291, 408, 480 and 9.2 mg/kg, respectively. For the established infection test, MD (240 mg/kg) and AQ gave parasite clearance of 55 and 95 % on day 5 of treatment. MD possesses antimalarial activity and is relatively safe. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	None	Alstonia boonei extract; amodiaquine; antimalarial agent; Azadirachta indica extract; herbaceous agent; Mangifera indica extract; Morinda lucida extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; acute toxicity; Alstonia; alstonia boonei; animal experiment; antimalarial activity; article; Azadirachta indica; controlled study; female; freeze drying; in vivo study; LD 50; malaria; male; mango; Morinda lucida; mouse; nonhuman; parasite clearance; parasitemia; plant leaf; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium berghei infection; priority journal; treatment duration; Alstonia boonei; Anacardiaceae; Apocynaceae; Azadirachta indica; Mangifera indica; Meliaceae; Morinda lucida; Mus; Plasmodium berghei; Rubiaceae; Africa; Alstonia; Animals; Antimalarials; Azadirachta; Female; Malaria; Male; Mangifera; Medicine, Traditional; Mice; Morinda; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plasmodium berghei; Random Allocation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53749100085	Comparative performance of the limited information techniques in a two-equation structural model	Adepoju A.A.	2008	European Journal of Scientific Research	20	1	None	Department of Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adepoju, A.A., Department of Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The samples with which we deal in practice are rather small, seldom exceeding 80 observations and frequently much smaller. Thus, it is of great interest to inquire into the properties of estimators for the typical sample sizes encountered in practice. The performances of three simultaneous estimation methods using a model consisting of a mixture of an identified and over identified equations with correlated error terms are compared. The results of the Monte Carlo study revealed that the Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) and the Limited Information Maximum Likelihood (LIML) estimates are similar and in most cases identical in respect of the just-identified equation. The Total Absolute Biases (TAB) of 2SLS and LIML revealed asymptotic behavior under (upper triangular matrix), P1, while those of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) exhibited no such behavior. For both upper and lower triangular matrices (P1 and P2), 2SLS estimates showed asymptotic behavior in the middle interval. The OLS is the only stable estimator with a stable behavior of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as its estimates increase (decrease) consistently for equation 1 (equation 2) for P1 (for P2). © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2008.	Estimator; Identification; Monte Carlo; Mutual correlation; Random deviates	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865279535	Evaluation of small sample estimators of outliers infested simultaneous equation model: A monte carlo approach	Adepoju A.A., Olaomi J.O.	2012	Journal of Applied Economic Sciences	7	1	None	Department of Statistics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Statistics, University of South Africa, South Africa	Adepoju, A.A., Department of Statistics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Olaomi, J.O., Department of Statistics, University of South Africa, South Africa	In practice, data collected in a broad range of applications frequently contain one or more atypical observations called outlier. A single outlier can have a large distorting influence on a classical statistical method that is optimal under the assumption of normality or linearity. Many estimation procedures proposed by researchers to handle simultaneous equation models are based on the assumptions that give little consideration to atypical data, thus the need to investigate the distorting effects of outliers in simultaneous equations estimation methods. In this study, we compare the performance of five estimators (OLS, 2SLS, 3SLS, GMM and W2SLS) of simultaneous equations model parameters at small sample sizes (n) 15, 20 and 25; first order autocorrelation levels (ρ) 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 of the error terms, when the series are perturbed at zero, one and two times. The estimators are adjudged using the minimum criteria of Bias, Variance and RMSE criteria on the 135 scenarios, each replicated 10,000 times. Identical results were obtained for the 2SLS and W2SLS methods since there are no restrictions on the parameters. The system methods clearly performed better than the single equation counterparts. Generally, the estimates obtained for the just identified equation are better than those of the over identified counterpart. Surprisingly, the ranking of the various techniques on the basis of their small sample properties does not reveal any distinguishable feature according to whether there is outlier(s) in the data or not and at the different level of correlation, but all the estimators behave asymptotically. On the BIAS criterion, the best method is OLS in the just identified equation, followed by 3SLS in most cases especially where the pollution level is zero for all the three autocorrelation levels considered. The GMM and 2WSLS struggled for the third and last positions. However, in the over identified case, 3SLS is leading closely followed by GMM in most cases (when rho is 0.9 for all sample sizes considered) and OLS in few other cases (especially at rho = 0.3 and 0.6 and for N = 20 and 25 with single/double pollution levels), it is expected that we would be able to identify or suggest the best method to use when we have the scenario depicted above.	Autoregressive error terms; Outlier; Simultaneous equations; Small sample	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871028486	Evaluation of the concentration of some toxic metals in dietary red palm oil	Adepoju-Bello A.A., Osagiede S.A., Oguntibeju O.O.	2012	Journal of Bioanalysis and Biomedicine	4	5	10.4172/1948-593X.1000069	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville Campus, 7535, South Africa	Adepoju-Bello, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Osagiede, S.A., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oguntibeju, O.O., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville Campus, 7535, South Africa	Palm oil has been part of human diet for more than 5000 years. For generations, it has been revered as both a nutritious food and a valuable medicine. However, should be taken to evaluate the purity and safety of this nutritional and medicinal agent to the human system. This study investigated the concentration of cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead, arsenic and nickel in twenty-five samples of ready-to consume palm oil that were bought randomly from different markets in Lagos, Nigeria. The samples were digested with aqua-regia (2:1:2 HNO3:HClO4:H2SO4 respectively) and the digested samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. There was no detectable mercury in one of the twenty-five samples analysed. However, all the samples contained a detectable amount of each of the other five metals analysed. The Oral Component Limit (OCL) for cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead, arsenic and nickel as stated by USP are 0.5μg/g, 25 μg/g, 1.5 μg/g, 1 μg/g, 1.5 μg/g and 25 μg/g respectively. The samples contained detectable amounts of the metals although with values below the USP standard OCL. The results obtained from this study suggest that the palm oil samples analysed are save for consumption in terms of the metals of interest analysed. © 2012 Adepoju-Bello AA, et al.	Bioaccumulation; Contamination; Health risk; Heavy metals; Medicinal agent; Palm oil	arsenic; cadmium; chromium; heavy metal; lead; mercury; nickel; palm oil; red palm oil; unclassified drug; article; atomic absorption spectrometry; bioaccumulation; chemical analysis; concentration (parameters); food analysis; food contamination; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955909190	Evaluation of the effect of lime fruit juice on the anticoagulant effect of warfarin	Adepoju G.K.A., Adeyemi T.	2010	Journal of Young Pharmacists	2	3	10.4103/0975-1483.66808	Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria	Adepoju, G.K.A., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adeyemi, T., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria	Aim: Citrus aurantifolia (Family Rutaceae) is commonly known as a familiar food and medicine, and s therapeutic effectiveness in a variety of diseases has been suggested in traditional medicine. Various complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) have been shown to interact with orthodox medicines. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate such a phenomenon particularly the interaction of lime fruit juice with warfarin. Materials and Method: Wistar strain albino rats of both sexes weighing between 190 and 230g were administered with oral doses of the respective drugs used depending on the groups of animals. Effects on the anticoagulant activity of warfarin were determined by standard laboratory methods. Result: Lime fruit juice caused a reduction in the anticoagulant activity of warfarin. Conclusion: This finding has shown that CAM can interact with orthodox medicines hence, warfarin prescribers need to be aware of the usage of CAM and monitor the international normalized ratio (INR) of their patients more frequently.	Anticoagulant; complementary and alternative medicines; interaction; lime fruit; therapeutic effectiveness; traditional medicine; warfarin	warfarin; alternative medicine; animal cell; animal experiment; anticoagulation; article; controlled study; drug efficacy; female; food drug interaction; fruit; fruit juice; hemostasis; international normalized ratio; lime (fruit); male; nonhuman; priority journal; rat; single drug dose	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957606832	Motivational variables and academic performance of urban and rural secondary school students in Oyo state, Nigeria	Adepoju T.L.	2008	KEDI Journal of Educational Policy	5	2	None	Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria	Adepoju, T.L., Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria	This study examined the degree of relationship among motivational variables and academic performance of students in secondary school certificate examinations (SSCE) in Oyo State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. 100 secondary schools and 1000 senior school students were selected using probability proportional to size and simple random sampling methods respectively. Data collected were analyzed using percentages, multiple regression and t-test statistics. The study showed among other thingsthat there was an enhanced relationship of each of the motivational variables in respect to academic performance with the provision of learning materials (X2) as the most predictor variable, followed by employment of private teachers (X3) and conducive school environment (X7), respectively. Suggestions were made to improve the performances of students in schools. © Korean Educational Development.	Academic performance; Motivational variables; Rural schools; School certificate; Urban schools	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45849101676	Evaluation of toluidine blue O staining for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jiroveci in expectorated sputum sample and bronchoalveolar lavage from HIV-infected patients in a tertiary care referral center in Ethiopia	Aderaye G., Woldeamanuel Y., Asrat D., Lebbad M., Beser J., Worku A., Fernandez V., Lindquist L.	2008	Infection	36	3	10.1007/s15010-007-7191-8	Dept. of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 2380, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Dept. of Parasitology, Mycology and Water, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control (SMI), Solna, Sweden; Dept. of Community Health, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Dept. of Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University, I 73 Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden	Aderaye, G., Dept. of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 2380, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Dept. of Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University, I 73 Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Woldeamanuel, Y., Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Asrat, D., Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Lebbad, M., Dept. of Parasitology, Mycology and Water, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control (SMI), Solna, Sweden; Beser, J., Dept. of Parasitology, Mycology and Water, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control (SMI), Solna, Sweden; Worku, A., Dept. of Community Health, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Fernandez, V., Dept. of Parasitology, Mycology and Water, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control (SMI), Solna, Sweden; Lindquist, L., Dept. of Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University, I 73 Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden	Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is becoming increasingly recognized in sub-Saharan Africa. The currently recommended diagnostic methods using induced sputum (IS) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are neither technically feasible nor affordable for a wider clinical use in developing countries. Therefore, there is a need for a simple and affordable diagnostic test. The yield of Toluidine Blue O (TBO) stain, immunofluorescence (IF), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jiroveci were compared in 78 expectorated sputum and 118 BAL samples of 131 HIV-infected patients presenting with atypical chest X-ray and sputum smear-negative for acid-fast bacilli. A total of 56 (42.7%) patients tested positive for P. jiroveci by PCR, 39 (29.4%) by IF, and 28 (21.4%) by TBO stain. The sensitivity of TBO as compared to IF and PCR was 71.4% and 34.5% in expectorated sputum and 68% and 41.5% in BAL samples, respectively, with a specificity approaching 100% in both. The sputum PCR showed high concordance rate with BAL PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of sputum PCR as compared to BALPCR was 78.9% and 89%, respectively. In both TBO and IF positive BAL samples, majority were from patients who could not produce sputum (p < 0.001). The density of P. jiroveci clusters in BAL samples did not correlate with prior co-trimoxazole use, immunologic status of the patient or overall mortality. Compared to IF, TBO staining has an acceptable sensitivity and very high specificity both in expectorated sputum and BAL samples. Expectorated sputum is, therefore, the most practical specimen and TBO staining an inexpensive diagnostic method to be recommended for high-HIV, resource-constrained settings. Bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of PCP is often not required for patients who can produce sputum. For patients who cannot produce sputum, however, the cost and efficacy of TBO in IS sample needs to be investigated in resource-poor countries. © 2008 Urban & Vogel.	None	cotrimoxazole; tolonium chloride; acid fast bacterium; adult; article; bacterium culture; clinical evaluation; diagnostic test; Ethiopia; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunofluorescence test; immunological procedures; lung lavage; major clinical study; male; mortality; Pneumocystis jiroveci; Pneumocystis pneumonia; polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity and specificity; sputum culture; staining; statistical significance; tertiary health care; thorax radiography; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; DNA, Fungal; Ethiopia; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; HIV Infections; Hospitals, University; Humans; Male; Pneumocystis jirovecii; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Predictive Value of Tests; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sputum; Tolonium Chloride	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748608268	Effect of enzyme supplemented cassava root sieviate on egg quality gut morphology and performance of egg type chickens	Aderemi F.A., Lawal T.E., Alabi O.M., Ladokun O.A., Adeyemo G.O.	2006	International Journal of Poultry Science	5	6	10.3923/ijps.2006.526.529	Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Management Bowen University (of the Nigerian Baptist Convention) Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Lead City University Ibadan, Ni	Aderemi, F.A., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Management Bowen University (of the Nigerian Baptist Convention) Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria; Lawal, T.E., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Management Bowen University (of the Nigerian Baptist Convention) Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria; Alabi, O.M., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Management Bowen University (of the Nigerian Baptist Convention) Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria; Ladokun, O.A., Department of Biochemistry, Lead City University Ibadan, Nigeria; Adeyemo, G.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Enzymic supplementation of cassava root sieviate (CRS) in cassava -based diet was investigated in layers. One hundred and twenty laying birds of Nera strain at 22 weeks old were divided into twelve groups and randomly assigned to the four groups of diets. It lasted for 84 days at the teaching and research farm of the university of Ibadan Nigeria. Results of control avizyme and dried pure yeast (DPY) supplemented diet were similar and significantly (P<0.05) higher than unsupplemented cassava diets. Feed intake revealed that layers fed cassava-based diet had lower consumption when compared to those fed control. Feed conversion however showed that those layers on DPY supplemented diet were significantly (P<0.05) better than others. Final body weight of the layers showed that those on control were significantly (P<0.05) heavier than others. The kidney, heart, abdominal fat and oviduct of layers cassava diet either supplemented or not were significantly (P<0.05) reduced when compared with others on control. The gizzard weight of layers fed unsupplemented and supplemented was also significantly (P<0.05) increased. No mortality was recorded during the feeding trial. Considering egg production layers on control performed better than others, economically DPY diet ranked second to control. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Cassava root sieviate; Egg quality parameters; Gut morphology; Performance	Aves; Gallus gallus; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866016107	Management and evaluation of technological capability in ICT firms: An information system approach	Aderemi H.O., Oyebisi T.O.	2012	International Journal of Business Information Systems	11	2	10.1504/IJBIS.2012.048887	Department of Technology Innovation and Enterprise Studies, National Centre for Technology Management, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.M.B. 012, Ile-Ife, 22005, Nigeria; African Institute for Science Policy and Innovation, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-If	Aderemi, H.O., Department of Technology Innovation and Enterprise Studies, National Centre for Technology Management, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.M.B. 012, Ile-Ife, 22005, Nigeria; Oyebisi, T.O., African Institute for Science Policy and Innovation, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 22005, Nigeria	Technological capability (TC) is the key assets and resources that enable a country and its enterprises to generate innovations, compete internationally and attain reasonable level of economic progress. While the accumulation of TC is central to organisations, its management and evaluation is less apparent. This study deployed the use of a time series information system to capture and evaluate TC in ICT firms using the visual basic programming language. Structured questionnaires and personal interviews were used to obtain primary data from purposively sampled 185 ICT firms involved in production, engineering, maintenance of ICT hardware and software with 85% response rate. The computer software developed generated information system that served as decision support for the management of TC in the firms. Evaluation of the software report reveal that successful conduct of feasibility studies, supplier linkage, networking with government laboratories and research institutes have implication for the generation of technology innovations in the firms. TC's like licensing, copying of imports and hardware manufacturing skills promotes the generation of innovations in the firm. Policy instrument can be used to boost technological learning and development in the areas identified. Copyright © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Business; Evaluation; Firms; ICT; Information and communications technology; Management; Software; TC; Technological capability; Technology innovation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84933036318	Design and construction of 250 liters plastic bio-digester and evaluation of biogas production using 4 co-substrates	Aderibigbe A.B.	2015	IIOAB Journal	6	2	None	Dept. of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Aderibigbe, A.B., Dept. of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Biogas is a gas produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. This work involves the construction of (250L) plastic biodgiester using plastic ‘Storex’ tank as reactor vessel and non-corroding metal as the agitating device. The substrate used in this work includes rice husk, paper waste, maize husk and cow dung were perpetrated using hydrothermal process (except the latter) before been prepared in slurry form to achieve 8% solid content. A total 170 liters slurry was used to fed the digester. In this study, batch fermentation system was used. During fermentation, agitation of the reaction medium was carried out (6-8 times daily) with the aid of agitating device. Biogas production was measured by the downward water displacement method. Measurable gas was observed at the 13th day of the study (600ml), while highest gas production was observed at 47th day of the work (5500ml). Fluctuation in environmental condition such as temperature and changing in pH value leads to inconsistence daily gas production. The pH of the medium ranged from 4.45 – 6.85. The use of plastic material for the construction of biodigester and a non-corroding metal as agitating device aids biogas production. This is because the plastic is cheap, durable, consistent, and gas leakage problem can be easily controlled. Also a mixture of animal waste and plant waste materials with proper pretreatment of these wastes prior to discharge to biodigester has a positive effect on biogas yield. © 2015, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology. All rights Reserved.	Biodigester; Biogas; Construction; Fermentation; Pretreatment; Substrates	biogas; agricultural slurry; Article; batch fermentation; biofuel production; decomposition; general device; hydrothermal decomposition; maize; maize husk; manure; paper; paper waste; pH; plastic biodigester; rice husk; temperature; waste	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955594922	Neuropharmacological evaluation of aridanin, a glycoside isolated from tetrapleura tetraptera fruit in mice	Aderibigbe A.O., Iwalewa E.O., Adesina S.K., Ukponmwan O.E., Adebanjo A.O.	2007	Discovery and Innovation	19	3	None	Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Drug Research and Production Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi A	Aderibigbe, A.O., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Iwalewa, E.O., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adesina, S.K., Drug Research and Production Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Ukponmwan, O.E., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adebanjo, A.O., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	The neuropharmacological effects of Aridanin - an N-acetylated glycoside isolated from Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit was examined for locomotory, exploratory, stereotyped behaviours and hexobarbitone-induced sleeping time (HIST) in mice. Aridanin (15- and 30 mg/kg i.p) produced a dose-dependent inhibition of novelty-induced rearing, grooming, body scratching and exploratory behaviour. It also potentiated the hexobarbitone-induced sleeping time (HIST), but did not change the stereotyped behaviour induced by apomorphine. These effects of aridanin suggest that it has a strong central depressant action which may be sedative in nature but lack psychopharmacological activities.	Aridanin; Central activities; Sedation; Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879295293	Pelletized feed of different particle sizes: Effects on performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal morphology of two strains of broiler chicken	Aderibigbe O.B., Sogunle O.M., Egbeyale L.T., Abiola S.S., Ladokun O.A., Ajayi O.L.	2013	Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science	36	2	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Physiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Ve	Aderibigbe, O.B., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Sogunle, O.M., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Egbeyale, L.T., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Abiola, S.S., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ladokun, O.A., Department of Animal Physiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ajayi, O.L., Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding pelletized feeds of different particle sizes on the performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal morphology of two strains of broiler chickens. A total of one hundred and eighty (180) birds consisting of 90 birds each of Marshal MY and Hubbard strains of broiler chicken were used in the experiment. They were brooded for 14 days and thereafter divided into two treatment groups, namely, fed with feed of different particle sizes of 1 and 2mm. These were further divided into 3 replicates of 15 chicks and the experimental period was 42 days. The performance of the chicks was monitored weekly. At week eight, 3 birds per replicate were randomly selected, weighed, slaughtered via neck slit, defeathered, singed and eviscerated for carcass evaluation. The intestinal morphometry and histomorphometry of the birds were analysed. Data collected were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial layout and subjected to 2-way Analysis of Variance. Significant (P<0.05) differences were observed in the final weight, weight gain and protein efficiency ratio with Hubbard strain having better values than Marshal. Mortality (P<0.05) was lower in the birds fed with feed particle size of 2 mm. In addition, significantly (P<0.05) higher values were obtained in the head, drum stick, shank and keel of birds fed with feed with particle size of 2mm. Meanwhile, the highest (P<0.05) villus height was recorded for Hubbard fed 2mm feed particle size while Marshal had the least value. Hence, pelletized feed of 2mm particle size was recommended for broiler production. © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.	Carcass characteristic; Hubbard strain; Intestinal morphology; Marshal strain; Particle size; Pelletized feed; Performance	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925543842	Performance of weaner rabbits fed a concentrate diet supplemented with pawpaw leaves	Aderinboye R.Y., Oladeji O.T., Abaire M.A., Sobayo R.A., Oso A.O., Oni A.O., Yusuf K.O., Osho S.O., Bamgbose A.M.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	2	10.1007/s11250-014-0723-1	Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Aderinboye, R.Y., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oladeji, O.T., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Abaire, M.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Sobayo, R.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oso, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oni, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Yusuf, K.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Osho, S.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Bamgbose, A.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	This experiment investigated the performance of weaner rabbits fed concentrate diets supplemented with pawpaw leaves (PPL). Twenty-four male weaner rabbits aged 5 weeks, weighing between 350 and 450 g were used. Concentrate diet was supplemented with PPL in ratios 100:0, 70:30, 50:50 and 30:70. Rabbits were randomly allotted to the four diets in a completely randomised design for 8 weeks, with six rabbits per diet. Results showed that rabbits supplemented with 30 and 50 % PPL had higher (P < 0.05) dry matter intake to sole concentrate. At 70 % PPL, dry matter intake did not vary with other treatments. Weight gain was higher (P < 0.05) in rabbits fed 30 and 50 % PPL than sole concentrate. Rabbits fed 70 % PPL had lower (P < 0.05) weight gain to animals fed 30 % PPL but gained similarly (P > 0.05) to those fed on 50 % PPL and sole concentrate. Feed conversion ratio improved (P < 0.05) in animals fed 30, 50 and 70 % PPL. Rabbits fed 30 % PPL had the highest (P < 0.05) protein efficiency ratio. Rabbits had higher dry matter digestibility (P < 0.05) with PPL supplementation than sole concentrate while crude protein and fibre digestibility was higher with 30 and 50 % PPL. Haematological and serum parameters in rabbits were unaltered with feeding PPL. It is concluded that weaner rabbits can utilise PPL as supplement to concentrate diet at 30 to 70 % dry matter with positive responses in performance and nutrient digestibility without deleterious effect on the physiological status of the rabbits. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Concentrate; Feed conversion; Haematology; Pawpaw leaves; Rabbit; Supplement	animal; animal food; Asimina; diet supplementation; male; plant leaf; rabbit; randomization; weaning; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Asimina; Dietary Supplements; Male; Plant Leaves; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Weaning; Weight Gain	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860612173	Effect of dietary monensin inclusion on performance, nutrient utilisation, rumen volatile fatty acid concentration and blood status of West African dwarf bucks fed with basal diets of forages	Aderinboye R.Y., Onwuka C.F.I., Arigbede O.M., Oduguwa O.O., Aina A.B.J.	2012	Tropical Animal Health and Production	44	5	10.1007/s11250-011-0043-7	Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Pasture and Range Management, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Uni	Aderinboye, R.Y., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Onwuka, C.F.I., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Arigbede, O.M., Department of Pasture and Range Management, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oduguwa, O.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Aina, A.B.J., Department of Animal Production and Health, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	This experiment investigated the effect of dietary monensin on performance, nutrient utilisation, rumen volatile fatty acid and blood status in West African dwarf (WAD) goats fed with basal diets of forages. Four concentrate supplements were formulated to include 0 (MO), 15 (M15), 30 (M30) and 45 (M45) mg monensin/kg dry matter. Twenty-four WAD bucks (7.3 ± 1.20 kg initial body weight, aged 9-12 months) were randomly allotted to four experimental diets in a completely randomised design for 90 days, six animals per diet. Results indicated that animals fed M15, M30 and M45 diets had lower (P < 0.01) dry matter and water intake than those fed M0 diet. Crude protein and neutral detergent fibre intakes by the bucks followed similar trend. Animals on M15, M30 and M45 had better (P < 0.001) feed and protein efficiency ratio than those fed M0 diet. Rumen pH and total volatile fatty acid concentration were maintained (P > 0.05) while monensin decreased (P < 0.001) acetate/propionate ratio. Blood glucose increased (P < 0.001) from 59.1 mg/dl in animals on M0 diet to 67.8, 66.0 and 66.3 mg/dl in animals on M15, M30 and M45 diets. Overall, there were no variations among animals on M15, M30 and M45 diets. It is concluded that feeding monensin at 15 to 45 mg/kg DM of supplemental concentrate diets to West African dwarf bucks could be effective in improving feed and protein efficiency, manipulating the rumen for increased propionate production and increasing blood glucose levels. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Goats; Haematology; Intake; Monensin; Volatile fatty acids; Weight gain	monensin; volatile fatty acid; animal; animal disease; animal food; animal husbandry; article; blood; blood analysis; chemistry; diet; digestion; feces; goat; growth, development and aging; male; metabolism; Nigeria; randomization; ruminant stomach; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Diet; Digestion; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Feces; Goats; Male; Monensin; Nigeria; Random Allocation; Rumen; Animalia; Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871480070	Evaluation of prophylactic and therapeutic properties of ogi in rabbits infected with Salmonella typhi	Aderiye B.I., David O.M.	2013	International Food Research Journal	20	1	None	Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Aderiye, B.I., Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; David, O.M., Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	The therapeutic and prophylactic effects of fermented maize gruel (ogi) in protecting against and reducing the concentration of Salmonella typhi in rabbits were determined using standard methods. All the experimental animals were fed with commercial diet during the first feed trial. The control group was maintained only on the diet while the first treatment group fed with the commercial diet was later substituted with ogi in the third phase of the trial. The second treatment group was fed with ogi in both the second and third phases of the study. In the second feed trial, the treatment groups were challenged with Salmonella typhi. Infected rabbits that were fed with commercial diets showed high load of Salmonella typhi in the faeces and blood compared to those fed with ogi. The weights gained and food intakes of the animals in the control group were higher than the experimental group. The animals in the first treatment group recorded the least food intake while there was weight loss in the second treatment group. Bacteremia was established in the treatment groups. The level of white blood cells (WBCs) in the rabbits infected with Salmonella typhi but later maintained on ogi, decreased from 4900 mm3 to 4200 mm3. Similarly the WBC count decreased from 7300 mm3 to 6300 mm3 in rabbits that were initially infected (but fed on commercial diet) and later fed with ogi. It could be concluded that ogi could be potent in preventing Salmonella infection and the reduction of microbial load of Salmonella typhi in the blood of the mammals as shown by the microbial and haematological indices. © 2008 IFRJ, Faculty of Food Science &amp; Technology, UPM.	fermented food; Ogi; prophylactic; Salmonella typhi; therapeutic	Animalia; Mammalia; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Salmonella; Salmonella typhi; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34147154238	Performance, organ relative weight, serum and haematology parameters in broiler finisher fed biodegraded Brewers dried grain	Aderolu A.Z., Iyayi E.A., Onilude A.A.	2007	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	6	3	None	Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Aderolu, A.Z., Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Iyayi, E.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Onilude, A.A., Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Four isonitrogeneous diet made up of Brewer's dried grain with a control diet was distributed at the rate of 9 birds per replicate and three replicates per diet in a completely randomized design experiment. Fungal biodegradation of brewers dried grain (BDG) resulted in improved nutrient composition of the by-product. The effects of feeding biodegraded BDG on relative organ weight, serum and heamatological parameters and economy of broiler finisher were investigated. Although no significant difference was observed in the feed intake of broiler finisher fed the graded levels tested but significant difference (P< 0.05) was observed in the rate of weight gain (g/day). Feed cost per kilogram was lowest on diet 4 but feed cost per weight gain (N/g) gave a value of 10.60 and 7.32 on diet 4 and 2 respectively. Biodegraded BDG at 20% inclusion level gave the highest weight gain 1213.73 over 28 days and the lowest weight gain of 668.51g on diet 4. Weight of gizzard and liver significantly increased with inclusion of BDG a weight range of 2.50 to 3.30% and 1.59-2.59% respectively of the total weight. The serum urea increased significantly across the graded levels tested (24.50-42.50g/dl), but the serum globulin content on the other hand decreased with values range between 3.05-3.40g/dl. The utilization of biodegraded BDG beyond 30% level in broiler finisher is not encouraging but the best result was obtained at 20% level of biodegraded BDG. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Biodegrade BDG; Broiler feeding; Feed ingredients; Livestock production	globulin; urea; animal experiment; animal food; article; biodegradation; blood analysis; controlled study; dietary intake; economic evaluation; food analysis; food composition; grain; growth rate; hematological parameters; livestock; nonhuman; nutritional value; organ weight; protein blood level; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; urea blood level; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879571154	Evaluation of retinoblastoma (Rb) and protein-53 (p53) gene expression levels in breast cancer cell lines (MCF- 7) induced with some selected cytotoxic plants	Aderonke S.T., Ayorinde Babatunde J., Temitope Adesola O., Uchennaya Okereke O., Innocent C., Oluwaseun Elisha M., Lanre Abolaji O., Olubunmi Abiola M.	2013	Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy	5	7	10.5897/JPP2013.0270	Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Aderonke, S.T., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Ayorinde Babatunde, J., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Temitope Adesola, O., Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Uchennaya Okereke, O., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Innocent, C., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Oluwaseun Elisha, M., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Lanre Abolaji, O., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Olubunmi Abiola, M., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Many Nigerian plants have been hypothesized to have anticancer potentials. However, not many of them have been subjected to acceptable scientific evaluation for their potential anticancer effects. In this study, six of such plants were selected to evaluate the effects of their crude, hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, detanninfied and tannin fractions for brine shrimp lethality assay and the most cytotoxic fractions of each plant were further tested on gene expressions of TP53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) genes in human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Gladiolus psittacinus (Gps), Icacina trichantha (Itr), Spilanthes filicaulis (Sfi), Curculigo pilosa (Cpi), Anthocleista djalonensis (Adj), and Tapinanthus bangwensis (Tba) medicinal plants were selected for this study. Crude extracts of 80% aqueous ethanol macerated plant materials were fractionated into hexane, chloroform and ethylacetate fractions. The resultant aqueous fractions were detanninfied to produce aqueous detanninfied fractions and tannin fractions. The 36 panel of plant fractions produced from all the plants were used for the study. From our findings, hexane fraction of S. filicaulis (Sfi-HF) showed the highest cytotoxic effect (LC50 21.30 μg/ml) on brine shrimps showing a low signal of p53 gene expression but a high intensity of Rb gene expression in MCF-7 cell lines. Moreso, crude extract of G. psittacinus (Gps-CE) showed a significant (P&lt;0.05) increase in TP53 gene expression in comparison with the control group and also a high intensity of Rb gene expression. Our results demonstrates the modulatory potentials of Sfi-HF and Gps-CE on TP53 and Rb gene expressions in MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines suggesting a possible mode of action of Sfi-HF and Gps- CE amongst a panel of 36 extract fractions. ©2013 Academic Journals.	Brine shrimps; Cytotoxicity; Gene expression; Medicinal plants; Retinoblastoma (Rb) gene; TP53 gene	acetic acid ethyl ester; alcohol; chloroform; hexane; plant extract; tannin; animal tissue; anthocleista djalonensis; antineoplastic activity; Artemia; article; breast cancer; brine shrimp lethality assay; controlled study; Curculigo pilosa; cytotoxicity; DNA synthesis; gene expression; gladiolus psittacinus; human; human cell; lcacina trichantha; lethality; medicinal plant; nonhuman; protein 53 gene; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; RNA extraction; spilanthes filicaulis; tapinanthus bangwensis; tumor suppressor gene	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350077109	Spermatotoxic impact of bonny light crude oil (BLCO) ingestion on adult male Swiss albino mice	Adesanya O.A., Shittu L.A.J., Omonigbehin E.A., Tayo A.O.	2009	International Journal of Physical Sciences	4	5	None	Department of Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, College of Medicine, Ogun, Nigeria; Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Abuja, College of Health Sciences Gwagwalada, P. O. Box 882, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria; Nigerian Medical Research Ins	Adesanya O.A., Department of Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, College of Medicine, Ogun, Nigeria; Shittu, L.A.J., Department of Anatomical Sciences, University of Abuja, College of Health Sciences Gwagwalada, P. O. Box 882, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria; Omonigbehin, E.A., Nigerian Medical Research Institute, NIMR, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Tayo A.O., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Increasing concern has been expressed about the possible declining trend in the sperm quality and sperm count of man as a result of exposure to environmental estrogenic agents in the past few years now. There is a general paucity of knowledge of BLCO ingestion on the reproductive effect. Hence, we aim to evaluate the impact of sub-lethal dose of BLCO ingestion on semen parameters of adult male mice. Initial acute toxicity study was carried out to determine the lethal dose of BLCO, which was calculated to be 37.4 mg/Kg body wt. A sub-lethal dose of 20 mg/Kg bwt /day of BLCO were then given to 8 male mice in the experimental group. While,the control group of 7 animals received equal volume of 0.9% normal saline via oral garvage for 2 weeks. Data were analysed using SPSS 12 statistical software with P &gt;0.05 considered statistically significant. There was a significant (P &gt;0.05) weight gain in the treated group with a significant (P &gt;0.05) reduction in sperm motility in the treated compared with control. The sperm density of treated and control were 14.5 × 106ml and 20.5 × 106 /ml respectively. However, there were also no significant difference in the relative testicular weight and sperm density of treated from that of the control respectively. Thus, it was concluded that BLCO ingestion is spermatotoxic in the adult male Swiss mice © 2009 Academic Journals..	Adult male mice; BLCO; Motility; Sperm density; Sub-lethal dose	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650361088	Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential of Melanthera scandens	Adesegun S.A., Alabi S.O., Olabanji P.T., Coker H.A.B.	2010	JAMS Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies	3	4	10.1016/S2005-2901(10)60047-7	Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Adesegun, S.A., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Alabi, S.O., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Olabanji, P.T., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Coker, H.A.B., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	A methanol extract of dried leaves of Melanthera scandens was examined for antioxidant activities using a variety of assays, including 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, reducing power, ferrous chelating, and ferric thiocyanate methods with ascorbic acid and EDTA as positive controls. The extract showed noticeable activities in most of these in vitro tests. The amount of phenolic compounds in the extract expressed in gallic acid equivalent was found to be 52.8 mg/g. The extract demonstrated inhibition of linoleic acid lipid peroxidation, active reducing power, and DPPH radical scavenging activities which were less than that of the positive controls. The extract also showed weaker iron chelating effect when compared with the EDTA positive control. The present results showed that M. scandens leaf extract possessed antioxidant properties and this plant is a potential useful source of natural antioxidants. © 2010 Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute.	Antioxidant activities; Lipid peroxidation; Melanthera scandens; Radical scavengindg; Reducing power	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; ascorbic acid; edetic acid; gallic acid; herbaceous agent; linoleic acid; melanthera scandens extract; scavenger; unclassified drug; antioxidant activity; article; controlled study; drug determination; herb; in vitro study; iron chelation; lipid peroxidation; melanthera scandens; nonhuman; plant leaf; priority journal; Asteraceae; Free Radical Scavengers; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349515848	Evaluation of antioxidant properties of phaulopsis fascisepala C.B.Cl. (Acanthaceae)	Adesegun S.A., Fajana A., Orabueze C.I., Coker H.A.B.	2009	Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine	6	2	10.1093/ecam/nem098	Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Adesegun, S.A., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Fajana, A., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Orabueze, C.I., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Coker, H.A.B., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	The antioxidant activities of crude extract of Phaulopsis fascisepala leaf were evaluated and compared with α-tocopherol and BHT as synthetic antioxidants and ascorbic acid as natural-based antioxidant. In vitro, we studied its antioxidative activities, radical-scavenging effects, Fe 2+-chelating ability and reducing power. The total phenolic content was determined and expressed in gallic acid equivalent. The extract showed variable activities in all of these in vitro tests. The antioxidant effect of P. fascisepala was strongly dose dependent, increased with increasing leaf extract dose and then leveled off with further increase in extract dose. Compared to other antioxidants used in the study, α-Tocopherol, ascorbic acid and BHT, P. fascisepala leaf extract showed less scavenging effect on α,α,-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and less reducing power on Fe3+/ferricyanide complex but better Fe2+- chelating ability. These results revealed the in vitro antioxidant activity of P. fascisepala. Further investigations are necessary to verify these activities in vivo.	Iron chelating power; Phenolic content; Radical scavenging; Reducing power	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; alpha tocopherol; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; butylcresol; ferric ion; ferricyanide; phenol derivative; Acanthaceae; antioxidant activity; article; concentration response; controlled study; iron chelation; Phaulopsis fascisepala; plant leaf; priority journal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953829535	Evaluation of antimicrobial potentials of methanolic extract of alchornea cordifolia leaf	Adeshina G.O., Kunle O.F., Onaolapo J.A., Ehinmidu J.O., Odama L.E.	2011	European Journal of Scientific Research	49	3	None	Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Medicinal Plant Research, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu - Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sci	Adeshina, G.O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Kunle, O.F., Department of Medicinal Plant Research, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu - Abuja, Nigeria; Onaolapo, J.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ehinmidu, J.O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Odama, L.E., Department of Biological Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyingba, Nigeria	Alchornea cordifolia (Schum. & Thonn.) Muell. Arg. has been widely used in traditional medicine in West Africa for the treatment of microbial infections. Antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extracts of the leaf of Alchornea cordifolia and its resultant fractions when partitioned with hexane and distilled water, hexane fraction and residual aqueous fraction, was carried out using agar well diffusion and agar dilution methods against standard organisms viz: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12600, Escherichia coli ATCC 11775 and Candida albicans ATCC 18804. Using the bioassay-guided fractionation by employing the accelerated gradient chromatography (AGC) technique, seventy-seven fractions were further elucidated from the residual aqueous fraction. The rate at which the residual aqueous fraction was able to kill the organisms was also determined using standard microbiology method. The zones of inhibition showed by the extracts and fractions ranged from 11 mm - 25 mm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations were between 0.625 mg/ml - 20 mg/ml while the Minimum Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentrations ranged from 1.25 mg/ml - 20.0 mg/ml. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were totally killed after 2 hours while Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were killed later. Alchornea cordifolia leaf demonstrated important antimicrobial activity which may underlie their beneficial effect on microbial infection. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2011.	Alchornea cordifolia; Antimicrobial; Aqueous fraction; Hexane fraction	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84915752416	Direct radiative forcing of urban aerosols over Pretoria (25.75°S, 28.28°E) using AERONET Sunphotometer data: First scientific results and environmental impact	Adesina A.J., Kumar K.R., Sivakumar V., Griffith D.	2014	Journal of Environmental Sciences (China)	26	12	10.1016/j.jes.2014.04.006	Discipline of Physics, School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Optronic Sensor Systems, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-DPSS, Pretoria, South Africa	Adesina, A.J., Discipline of Physics, School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Kumar, K.R., Discipline of Physics, School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Sivakumar, V., Discipline of Physics, School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Griffith, D., Optronic Sensor Systems, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-DPSS, Pretoria, South Africa	The present study uses the data collected from Cimel Sunphotometer of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) for the period from January to December, 2012 over an urban site, Pretoria (PTR; 25.75°S, 28.28°E, 1449mabove sea level), South Africa. We found that monthly mean aerosol optical depth (AOD, τa) exhibits two maxima that occurred in summer (February) and winter (August) having values of 0.36±0.19 and 0.25±0.14, respectively, high-to-moderate values in spring and thereafter, decreases from autumn with a minima in early winter (June) 0.12±0.07. The Angstrom exponents (α440-870) likewise, have its peak in summer (January) 1.70±0.21 and lowest in early winter (June) 1.38±0.26, while the columnar water vapor (CWV) followed AOD pattern with high values (summer) at the beginning of the year (February, 2.10±0.37cm) and low values (winter) in the middle of the year (July, 0.66±0.21cm). The volume size distribution (VSD) in the fine-mode is higher in the summer and spring seasons, whereas in the coarse mode the VSD is higher in the winter and lower in the summer due to the hygroscopic growth of aerosol particles. The single scattering albedo (SSA) ranged from 0.85 to 0.96 at 440nm over PTR for the entire study period. The averaged aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) computed using SBDART model at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) was -8.78±3.1W/m2, while at the surface it was -25.69±8.1W/m2 leading to an atmospheric forcing of +16.91±6.8W/m2, indicating significant heating of the atmosphere with a mean of 0.47K/day. © 2014 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.	AERONET; Aerosol optical depth; Pretoria; Radiative forcing; Single scattering albedo	Atmospheric aerosols; Atmospheric radiation; Environmental impact; Optical properties; Sea level; Solar radiation; AERONET; Aerosol optical depths; Pretoria; Radiative forcings; Single scattering albedo; Urban growth; aerosol; albedo; atmospheric forcing; environmental impact; light scattering; optical depth; radiative forcing; urban atmosphere; Gauteng; Pretoria; South Africa; aerosol; aerosol; analysis; atmosphere; chemistry; environment; light related phenomena; remote sensing; South Africa; weather; Aerosols; Atmosphere; Environment; Optical Phenomena; Remote Sensing Technology; South Africa; Weather	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880916722	Assessment of the impact of tongue size in patients with bimaxillary protrusion [Evaluation de l'influence de la dimension linguale chez les patients avec une bi-proalvéolie]	Adesina B.A., Otuyemi O.D., Kolawole K.A., Adeyemi A.T.	2013	International Orthodontics	11	2	10.1016/j.ortho.2013.02.012	Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals, Complex Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Child Dental Health, University College Hospital Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Adesina, B.A., Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals, Complex Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Otuyemi, O.D., Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals, Complex Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Kolawole, K.A., Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals, Complex Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Adeyemi, A.T., Department of Child Dental Health, University College Hospital Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Background: Tongue size, posture and pressure are considered to have significant influences on the positioning of dentoalveolar structures. Based on the equilibrium theory, forward resting posture of the tongue with light force and long duration could have both a horizontal and vertical effect on teeth. Bimaxillary proclination, a malocclusion trait often seen in African descents with multifactorial etiological factors, could well be related to tongue dimensions. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between tongue dimensions and bimaxillary proclination patients. Methodology: One hundred selected lateral cephalometric radiographs of consecutive orthodontic patients who met the study criteria were divided into study (bimaxillary proclination with interincisal angle [I/I] < 108°) and control (normal with interincisal relationship [I/I] ≥ 108°) groups. The subjects' tongues were pre-coated with barium sulphate before radiography in order to delineate the tongue outline. Tongue dimensions and the intermaxillary space surface area were determined and analyzed using SPSS version 11 and a computer programme for epidemiological analysis. Results: The mean tongue measurements in the bimaxillary proclination group were higher than those in the control group except for tongue proportion. These differences were statistically significant for tongue thickness, tongue length and intermaxillary space length (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the tongue area and intermaxillary space area between subjects with bimaxillary proclination and a normal interincisal relationship (P > 0.05). None of the variables (tongue thickness, tongue length, intermaxillary space length, tongue area and percentage tongue proportion) could be used as predictors for interincisal relationship. Conclusion: Tongue length, thickness and intermaxillary space length were significantly different between the bimaxillary and normal subjects. However, none of the measured tongue variables could be used as a predictor for incisor relationship. © 2013 CEO.	Bimaxillary proclination; Intermaxillary space; Malocclusion; Tongue dimensions	analysis of variance; article; case control study; cephalometry; human; macroglossia; Negro; Nigeria; observer variation; pathology; prognathia; reference value; statistical model; tongue; African Continental Ancestry Group; Analysis of Variance; Case-Control Studies; Cephalometry; Humans; Logistic Models; Macroglossia; Nigeria; Observer Variation; Prognathism; Reference Values; Tongue	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953429305	Impact of malaria parasitaemia on haematologic parameters in pregnant women at booking in Ilorin, Nigeria	Adesina K.T., Balogun O.R., Babatunde A.S., Sanni M.A., Fadeyi A., Aderibigbe S.	2009	Trends in Medical Research	4	4	10.3923/tmr.2009.84.90	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 1459, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Medical Microbiology an	Adesina, K.T., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 1459, Ilorin, Nigeria; Balogun, O.R., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 1459, Ilorin, Nigeria; Babatunde, A.S., Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria; Sanni, M.A., Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria; Fadeyi, A., Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria; Aderibigbe, S., Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 1459, Ilorin, Nigeria	We determined the pattern of haematological parameters in malaria in pregnancy. Five hundred pregnant women who presented for booking in the antenatal clinic of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria were recruited. Their blood samples were analyzed for malaria parasites, MCV, MCHC and MCI IC. WBC, absolute RBC count, platelet count, haemoglobin level and PCV. The prevalence of peripheral malaria parasitaemia at booking was 32.4%, out of which 46.9 and 53.1% had moderate and high parasite densities, respectively. Plasmodium falciparum was the only species identified. The MCHC was higher in malaria parasitaemia (34.28 g dL-1±1.72, p = 0.0452) while RBC was higher without parasitaemia (10.46×1012 L -1±l.30, p = 0.01). The WBC in women with high parasite density (7.02×109 L-1) was higher than the value in those with moderate parasite density (6.26×109 L-l) p = 0.03). Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnancy is associated with higher MCHC; WBC increases with rise in the parasite density in Ilorin, Nigeria. A rise in MCHC and WBC in pregnancy may indicate malaria. © 2009 Academic Journals Inc.	Booking; Haematological; Malaria; Nigeria; Parameters; Pregnancy	adult; article; blood examination; blood sampling; controlled study; disease association; disease carrier; erythrocyte count; female; hemoglobin blood level; hemoglobin determination; human; major clinical study; malaria falciparum; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume; Nigeria; parasite identification; parasitemia; Plasmodium falciparum; pregnant woman; prenatal care; prevalence; thrombocyte count	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879999017	Continuous assessment, mock results and gender as predictors of academic performance of chemistry students in WASSCE and NECO examinations in Ekiti state	Adesoji F.A., Kenni A.M.	2013	International Education Studies	6	7	10.5539/ies.v6n7p1	Department of Teacher Education, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Ikere Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Adesoji, F.A., Department of Teacher Education, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Kenni, A.M., Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Ikere Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Education is one of the fundamental and critical indices of development in a nation or an individual. The challenges post by our fast changing and dynamic world informed the need to constantly access the educational process so as to guarantee quality of educational assessment; several factors have been identified to be responsible for students' poor performance in chemistry at the secondary school level. One of these factors could be modes of assessment. This paper, therefore investigated Continuous Assessment, Mock results and gender as predictors of academic performance in WASSCE and NECO Examinations. The study adopted a survey research design of the ex-post facto type. The sample comprised 892 senior secondary school III drawn fromthe secondary schools in Ikere local government area of Ekiti state. Three research questions were answered in the study. Data were analysed using multiple regression statistic. The results showed that 41.3% of the total variance in chemistry students, performance in WASCE results is accounted for by mock results, continuous assessment and gender (adjusted R2 = 0.413). And 0.7% of the total variance in chemistry students, performance in NECO examination results is accounted for by three factors (continuous assessment, mock results and gender) (R2 =0.007%).the three factors made significance relative contribution to chemistry students' academic performance in WASCE; continuous assessment (β= 0.282, p= 0.05&lt;), mock results (β=0.396, p=&lt;0.05) and gender (β=0.078, P=&lt;0.05) while the contribution to performance in NECO examination is not significance. Mock result made the greatest contributions to chemistry students academics performance in NECO (β=0.070, p=&lt;0.05) followed by continuous assessment (β=0.066, P=&lt;0.05) and gender (β= 0.061, p=&lt;0.05). Gender has significant influence on chemistry students' academic performance in WASSCE (β=0.078, p&lt;0.05) while it has little or no influence on chemistry students' performance in NECO (β=0.061, p&lt;0.05). That is, the three variables could be used to predict chemistry students' academic performance. It is recommended among others that school authority should ensure that only students whose performance in continuous assessment and mock examination is encouraging are allowed to register for either WASSCE or NECO examinations.Also, both internal and external assessment should be done without gender bias.	Academic performance; Continuous assessment; Gender; Mock results	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883766667	The effects of internal and external mechanism on governance and performance of corporate firms in Nigeria	Adetunji Babatunde M., Olaniran O.	2009	Corporate Ownership and Control	7	2 D	None	Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Banking and Finance, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, Osun State, Nigeria	Adetunji Babatunde, M., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olaniran, O., Department of Banking and Finance, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, Osun State, Nigeria	There is a renewed interest on the need to strengthen mechanisms to ensure that managers and directors take measures to protect the interest of a firm's stakeholders. This study made use of panel data regression analysis between 2002 and 2006 for a sample of 62 firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange to examine the relationship between internal and external governance mechanisms and corporate firms' performance. The results have the implication that regulatory agencies should encourage firms to achieve a reasonable board size since overly large boards may be detrimental to the firm. Our results also show no significant evidence to support the idea that outside directors help promote firm performance. In addition, the study found that the measure of performance matter for analysis of corporate governance studies. We found in some cases different results from the use of Returns on Assets (ROA) and Tobin's Q as measures of firm performance.	Corporate governance; Firms; Nigeria; Panel data	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051933201	Groundwater contamination in Agbowo community, Ibadan Nigeria: Impact of septic tanks distances to wells	Adetunji V.O., Odetokun I.A.	2011	Malaysian Journal of Microbiology	7	3	None	Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adetunji, V.O., Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Odetokun, I.A., Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	In Nigeria, inadequate supply of pipe borne water is a major concern; hence many homes have wells as asource of water for household uses. The groundwater of forty wells in Agbowo community was assessed for Total Aerobic Bacteria Counts (TABC) and Total Coliform Counts (TCC). The location and distances of wells from septic tanks were determined using the Global Positioning System (GPS) device and a tape rule respectively. All the wells sampled had high TABC (4.76±1.41 logCFU/mL) and TCC(2.29±0.67 logCFU/mL) counts which exceeded the international standard of 0 per 100 mL of potable water. There were no significant differences in the bacterial counts between covered and uncovered wells (p&gt;0.05). The mean distance (8.93±3.61m) of wells from the septic tanks was below the limit (15.24 m or 50 ft) set by United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). TABC increased with a decrease in distance between the wells and septic tanks though not significant (p&lt; 0.05). A very weak positive correlation (r2 =0.021) ensued between the distance from septic tank and CC, while a weak negative correlation (r2 = -0.261) was obtained between the TCC and TABC. This study accentuates the need to set standards for the siting of wells from septic tanks while considering all possible sources of well contamination as well as treatment of ground water before use.	Coliform count; Groundwater; Septic tanks; Total aerobic bacteria count; Wells	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052029940	Ethnopharmacological survey and in vitro evaluation of wound-healing plants used in South-western Nigeria	Adetutu A., Morgan W.A., Corcoran O.	2011	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	137	1	10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.073	Medicines Research Group, School of Health and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria	Adetutu, A., Medicines Research Group, School of Health and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria; Morgan, W.A., Medicines Research Group, School of Health and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom; Corcoran, O., Medicines Research Group, School of Health and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Traditional healers in Nigeria employ a range of plant preparations as wound healing agents. Despite the use of local plants in wound healing, there is only scant literature on the wound healing properties of these plants to support the continued therapeutic application of these herbal remedies. Aim of the study: To document plants commonly used to treat wounds in South-western Nigeria and to test the scientific basis of such claims using relevant in vitro tests. Materials and methods: Structured questionnaires were used to determine which plant preparations are in common use, via interviews with Yoruba traditional healers. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the nine most common plants cited by the healers were collected, identified and tested using relevant in vitro wound healing assays. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH assay and fibroblast proliferation determined by neutral red assay. Results: A total of 20 traditional healers from South-western Nigeria were involved in the study. Thirty-six plant species were recorded with their local names and parts used in the traditional wound healing preparations. Ethanolic extracts of nine species most frequently cited by the healers exhibited strong antioxidant activities (3.8-31.3 μg/ml) comparable to ascorbic acid (7.3 μg/ml). Crude extracts of the selected plants also inhibited the growth of bacteria with MIC values 0.3-7.6 mg/ml. Ethanol extracts of Bridelia ferruginea Benth. (1-30 μg/ml) and Parkia biglobosa Jacq. (15-30 μg/ml) influenced the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts significantly (p < 0.05). Extracts from the remaining seven plants either had no effect on fibroblast proliferation or were cytotoxic. Conclusion: Traditional use of many wound-healing plants from Nigeria can be rationalised by activity determined in relevant in vitro investigations of ethanol and aqueous extracts. These results support the traditional selection of these plants in South-western Nigeria for wound healing. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd All rights reserved.	Antibacterial; Antioxidant; Fibroblast proliferation; Medicinal plants; Nigeria; Wound-healing	Acalypha wilkesiana extract; Aframomum melegueta extract; Ageratum conyzoides extract; annona senegalensis extract; Anogeissus leiocarpa extract; Azadirachta indica extract; Bridelia ferruginea extract; Capsicum frutescence extract; Carica papaya extract; Chromolaena odorata extract; Citrullus lanatus extract; Cocos nucifera extract; Crassocephalum crepidioides extract; Datura stramonium extract; Dichrostachys glomerata extract; Dioscorea hirtiflora extract; Diospyros canaliculata extract; euphorbia heterophylla extract; Euphorbia poissonii extract; Ficus asperifolia extract; Flabellaria paniculata extract; Hibiscus sabdariffa extract; Jatropha curcas extract; Lawsonia inermis extract; Lycopersicon esculentum extract; Morinda lucida extract; Nymphaea lotus extract; Parkia biglobosa extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; unindexed drug; Acalypha wilkesiana; Aframomum melegueta; ageratum conyzoides; annona senegalensis; Anogeissus leiocarpa; antibacterial activity; antioxidant activity; article; assay; Azadirachta indica; Bacillus subtilis; bark; bridelia ferruginea; Capsicum frutescence; cell proliferation; Chromolaena odorata; coconut; controlled study; Crassocephalum crepidioides; cytotoxicity; Datura stramonium; Dichrostachys glomerata; Dioscorea hirtiflora; Diospyros canaliculata; Escherichia coli; ethnopharmacology; euphorbia heterophylla; Euphorbia poissonii; Ficus asperifolia; Flabellaria paniculata; fruit; hibiscus sabdariffa; human; human cell; in vitro study; jatropha curcas; Lawsonia inermis; medicinal plant; minimum inhibitory concentration; morinda lucida; neutral red assay; Nigeria; nonhuman; Nymphaea lotus; ocimum gratissimum; Olax subscorpioides; papaya; Parkia biglobosa; Piliostigma thonningii; plant leaf; plant stem; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; questionnaire; Ricinus communis; Sida acuta; skin fibroblast; Staphylococcus aureus; tomato; traditional medicine; tridax procumbens; vernonia amygdalina; watermelon; wound healing; Xylopia aethiopica; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Bacteria; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethnopharmacology; Fibroblasts; Humans; Medicine, African Traditional; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nigeria; Picrates; Plant Preparations; Plants, Medicinal; Questionnaires; Wound Healing; Bacillus subtilis; Bridelia ferruginea; Escherichia coli; Parkia biglobosa; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862976756	Impact of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seed flour on nutrients, functional properties and zinc bioavailability of plantain flour	Adetuyi F.O., Adelabu H.A.	2011	Malaysian Journal of Nutrition	17	3	None	Department of Food Science and Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Nigeria	Adetuyi, F.O., Department of Food Science and Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Nigeria; Adelabu, H.A., Department of Food Science and Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Nigeria	Introduction: In Nigeria, nursing mothers are advised to give their infants plantain flour paste 'amala ogede' with 'ewedu' Corchorus olitorius soup during the process of weaning. Over-matured okra is typically discarded resulting in substantial post-harvest waste; the seed could be processed into okra seed flour for the fortification of plantain flour. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the addition of okra seed flour on the nutrients, functional properties, minerals and zinc bioavailability of plantain flour. Methods: Okra seed flour was used to fortify plantain flour in the ratio 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30. Results: The addition of okra seed flour to the plantain flour resulted in a significant increase in the protein, fat, fibre and ash content of the fortified plantain flour, while that of moisture and carbohydrate decreased. The mineral levels of Zn, K and Fe increased significantly while the calcium content decreased. The calculated phytate - zinc molar ratio and [Ca][Phytate]/[Zn] molar ratio of the fortified plantain flour were below the critical levels. Conclusion: The study showed that fortifying plantain flour with okra seed flour resulted in an increase in several nutrients, rendering the zinc more bioavailable. This fortified food has potential as a complimentary food in Nigeria.	Complimentary food; Okra seed flour; Phytate; Plantain flour; Zinc bioavailability	mineral; phytic acid; zinc; Abelmoschus; article; bioavailability; chemistry; diet supplementation; dietary fiber; fruit; Nigeria; nutritional value; plant seed; Plantago; protein intake; Abelmoschus; Biological Availability; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Proteins; Food, Fortified; Fruit; Minerals; Nigeria; Nutritive Value; Phytic Acid; Plantago; Seeds; Zinc; Abelmoschus; Abelmoschus esculentus; Corchorus olitorius	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953935905	Nutritional evaluation of bee wax residue meal in the diet of lactating goat	Adewale B.M., Josphine E., Jun P.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	9	3	None	Department of Animal Production, Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hanan Agricultural University, Zheng Zhou, China	Adewale, B.M., Department of Animal Production, Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Josphine, E., Department of Animal Production, Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Jun, P., College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hanan Agricultural University, Zheng Zhou, China	Nine West African dwarf goats were used to investigate the effect of bee wax residue meal on the lactation performance, feed intake and weight gain. Goats were fed a diet with or without bee wax residue meal in a completely randomized design model for a 156 day period. The three diets were A (control), B (1%) bee wax residue meal inclusion) C (3% bee wax residue meal inclusion). Water and feeding were given ad libitum. Supplementing the diet with bee wax residue meal increased the crude protein intake from 47 g-d (diet A) to 133g-d (Diet C). The dry matter intake was greater for diet C followed by diet B and C which are similar (p&gt;0.05). Animal on diet C consumed the highest percentage of minerals. Milk yield was significantly increased (p&lt;0.05) by bee wax supplementation [407g-d] (A), [412g-d] (B) and [446g-d] (C). Supplementation also increased butter fat, protein, calcium and phosphorus contents. The potassium sodium and iron contents were significantly (p&lt;0.05) highest in diet C followed closely by diets B and A (control) which are similar (p&gt;0.05). It could be concluded that bee wax residue meal could be used to supplement lactating West African goats diet in the tropical environment. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Bee wax residue meal; Milk production; West african dwarf goats	calcium; fat; iron; phosphorus; potassium; propolis; protein; sodium; Africa; animal experiment; animal food; article; controlled study; food composition; goat; lactation; milk production; mineral intake; nonhuman; nutritional assessment; protein intake; weight gain; Animalia; Apoidea; Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943011778	Entry qualifications and academic performance of architecture students in Nigerian Polytechnics: Are the admission requirements still relevant?	Adewale P.O., Adhuze O.B.	2014	Frontiers of Architectural Research	3	1	10.1016/j.foar.2013.11.002	Department of Architectural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria	Adewale, P.O., Department of Architectural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria; Adhuze, O.B., Department of Architectural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria	The competence of fresh graduates of architecture has been continuously criticized by the industry for inadequate knowledge. This is often blamed on the poor standard of education evidenced by poor performances in professional and degree/diploma examinations conducted by various schools of architecture in the country. Although, factors responsible for the scenario are well documented in the literature, most of these works are based on testimonial and circumstantial evidences relating to management of architectural education only. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between entry qualifications and the performance of architecture students in Nigerian Polytechnics with a view to determining the relevance of current admission policy to architectural education in Nigeria. Data were obtained from official records in the Department of Architecture in four randomly selected polytechnics in the southwestern part of Nigeria. Pearson Product Moment Correlation (. r) was used to test the hypotheses. Findings reveal weak relationship between the two variables (physics and mathematics). This is contrary to the expectations of most scholars and policy makers who opine that students' proficiency in these subjects would enhance their performance at higher levels. The paper traces the contradiction to the poor handling of public examinations and misconception of architecture as being pure science. It holds that if these requirements are still relied upon for the admission of students into schools of architecture, wrong candidates would continue to gain entry into the profession. The paper concludes by recommending certain measures that are capable of reversing the trend. © 2014 Higher Education Press Limited Company.	Academic performance; Admission criteria; Architecture; Arts; Education; Science	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884554632	Cultural dimension of workplace diversity in Ibadan Nigeria: Implications on people and performance	Adewole A.O.	2013	International Journal of Social Sustainability in Economic, Social and Cultural Context	8	3	None	Glorious Vision International College, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Adewole, A.O., Glorious Vision International College, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	This study investigated the cultural dimension of workplace diversity in Ibadan, Nigeria in order to ascertain the implications of cultural dimension of workplace diversity on employees, and their performances in multicultural work organizations. Data for the study was generated through a multi-stage sampling technique, with a questionnaire administered to 250 participants randomly selected from selected work organizations in Ibadan, Nigeria. Out of 250 respondents, 238 turned in their completed questionnaires (male = 151, female = 87, mean = 2.89, standard deviation = 1.15). A 20-item questionnaire was developed by the researcher, and was tested on a 5 point Likert-type scale that ranges from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). The hypotheses generated for the study were tested at 0.05 alpha levels using a chi-square statistical method. The findings from the study revealed that a significant relationship exists between cultural diversity and employees' job performances, and the overall organizational performance. The finding further showed that although majority of the employees often perceived themselves as different from others due to the differences in their cultural orientations, there is no significant relationship between the way employees perceive themselves and their job performance. Based on the findings from the study, it was recommended that employers and all stake holders in human resource management, in today's multicultural business community, should not only be aware of the cultural diversity among employees, but must also ensure effective workforce diversity management principles that best fit into their work organizations so as to harness the rich benefits of cultural diversity for the good of the organizations they serve. Crosscultural education that could bring employees in contact with other cultures represented at the workplace should be introduced to promote cooperation, effective communication and harmonious work relationships among employees. © Common Ground, Adejare Olufemi Adewole, All Rights Reserved.	Culture; Employee; Multiculturalism; Performance; Workplace	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927746312	Building resilience to climate change impacts after the 2011 flood disaster at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Adewole I.F., Agbola S.B., Kasim O.F.	2015	Environment and Urbanization	27	1	10.1177/0956247814547679	University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Adewole, I.F., University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Agbola, S.B., Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Kasim, O.F., Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	This paper describes how the University of Ibadan has sought to build greater resilience to flooding, through its response to the devastating flood in 2011. This included both structural and non-structural components, as well as measures to address the increased risk levels that climate change is bringing or may bring in the future. The paper also draws out some lessons that have wide relevance for other universities. © 2014 International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED)	climate change adaptation; community-based adaptation; disaster response; disaster risk; flooding; resilience; University of Ibadan; urban floods	adaptive management; climate change; climate effect; disaster management; flooding; university sector; Ibadan; Nigeria; Oyo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649349356	Evaluation of an animal protein mixture as a replacement for fishmeal in practical diets for fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)	Adewolu M.A., Ikenweiwe N.B., Mulero S.M.	2010	Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh	62	4	None	Department of Fisheries, Lagos State University, P.M.B. 001, LASU Post Office, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Adewolu, M.A., Department of Fisheries, Lagos State University, P.M.B. 001, LASU Post Office, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria; Ikenweiwe, N.B., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Mulero, S.M., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	An alternative animal protein mixture was evaluated as a replacement for fishmeal in diets for fingerlings of the catfish, Clarias gariepinus. The mixture comprised hydrolyzed feather meal, chicken offal meal, and maggot meal at a ratio of 4:3:2. Five diets (36% crude protein), containing the mixture at repacement levels of 0% (control), 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100%, were fed to triplicate groups of ten C. gariepinus fingerlings (3.0±0.05 g) at 3% body weight per day for 56 days in 50-l plastic tanks. The weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the 25-50% diets did not significantly differ (p>0.05) from those fed the control diet. However, in fish fed the 75-100% diets, these indicators were significantly lower. Carcass protein decreased as the level of the mixture increased. Carcass lipid of fish fed the 75-100% diets was lower than in fish fed the 0-50% diets. Results indicate that our animal protein mixture can replace up to 50% of the fishmeal component in diets for C. gariepinus fingerlings without causing adverse effects on growth.	Chicken offal meal; Clarias gariepinus; Feather meal; Maggot meal	diet; feeding; fish culture; growth rate; protein; weight; Animalia; Clarias gariepinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65549114257	Studies on growth performance and feed utilization of two Clariid catfish and their hybrid reared under different culture systems	Adewolu M.A., Ogunsanmi A.O., Yunusa A.	2008	European Journal of Scientific Research	23	2	None	Dept of Fisheries, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University P.M.B. 001, Lasu Post Office, OJO, Badagry Expressway, Lagos, Nigeria	Adewolu, M.A., Dept of Fisheries, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University P.M.B. 001, Lasu Post Office, OJO, Badagry Expressway, Lagos, Nigeria; Ogunsanmi, A.O., Dept of Fisheries, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University P.M.B. 001, Lasu Post Office, OJO, Badagry Expressway, Lagos, Nigeria; Yunusa, A., Dept of Fisheries, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University P.M.B. 001, Lasu Post Office, OJO, Badagry Expressway, Lagos, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted to determine the growth performance and feed utilization of two Clariid catfish and their hybrid reared under monoculture, duoculture and trioculture systems. The Clariid catfish were Clarias gariepinus, Heterobranchus longifilis and their hybrid (♀H. longifilis X ♂C. gariepinus). In the monoculture system, each of the species and their hybrid was cultured separately, in the duoculture system, there were combinations of C. gariepinus with H. longifilis; C. gariepinus with hybrid catfish; and H. longifilis with hybrid catfish In the trio culture system, all the two catfish species and their hybrid were cultured together. Fingerlings of mean weight 8.50±0.50g were stocked into 21 circular tanks of 40 liters in capacity at 18 fingerlings per tank. Fish were fed on twice daily at 09.00hour and 18.00hour on 35% crude protein at 3% of their total body weight. There was 50% exchange of water daily in all the culture systems. The results revealed that all the two species and their hybrid grew best under the monoculture, followed by duoculture and least in trioculture systems. Hybrid catfish had the best growth and feed utilization, followed by C. gariepinus and the least with H. longifillis, There were significant differences (p<0.05) in all the growth and feed utilization parameters of the two clariid species and their hybrid in all the culture systems expect in the duoculture of hybrid catfish which showed no significant (p>0.05) differences when cultured with either C.gariepinus or H. longifilis. C. gariepinus had better growth rate and feed utilization when cultured with hybrid catfish than when cultured with H.longifilis and vice verse. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2008.	Clarias gariepinus; Duoculture; Heterobranchus longifillis; Hybrid catfish; Monoculture; Trioculture	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893100056	The impact of automatic teller machines on the cost efficiency of Nigeria	Adewoye J.O., Omoregie N.V.	2013	Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce	18	3	None	Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Department of Management and Accounting, Ladoke Akintola, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Management and Accounting, University of Technology (LAUTECH), OGBOMOSO, Ladoke Akintola, Nigeria	Adewoye, J.O., Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Department of Management and Accounting, Ladoke Akintola, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Omoregie, N.V., Department of Management and Accounting, University of Technology (LAUTECH), OGBOMOSO, Ladoke Akintola, Nigeria	Banks have intensified their adoption and usage of ATMs as a major e-banking tool to generate substantial contributions to their operations and financial results. Among the expectations of the banks in deploying and usage of ATMs is improving efficiency particularly cost efficiency. There is, however, no clear evidence of banks achieving the desired returns from ATMs investments in the Nigerian banking environment. The broad objective of this study was therefore to analyze the effect of the intensity of ATMs deployment on the cost efficiency of banks in Nigeria. The specific objectives were to ascertain the determinants of ATMs deployment and to evaluate the effect of ATMs deployment on the cost efficiency of Nigerian banks. The study was carried out on twenty two commercial banks post consolidation in which twenty were selected based on purposive and multistage sampling techniques. Secondary data obtained from the five years financial reports and internal operational records of the banks were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical tools. In ascertaining the determinants of ATMs deployment of banks in Nigeria, five factors were considered, these are bank size, bank profitability, salary level, number of banks during period of study and value of ATM transactions. Three of the five variables were found to be significant. These are: bank size, salary level and value of ATM transactions. Also in evaluating the effect of ATMs deployment on the operating cost rate and Asset management rate of banks in Nigeria, four variables were used, number of ATMs as main independent variable and bank size, salary level as well as nonperforming loans being control variables. Number of ATMs, bank size and salary level were found significant. The results showed that bank size, salary level and value of ATM transactions were key determinants of ATMs adoption by banks in Nigeria.The result also revealed that the intensity of ATMs deployment made positive contribution to the cost efficiency of Nigerian banks. © Jonathan Oyerinde Adewoye and Nosa Victor Omoregie, 2013.	ATM intensity; ATM investments; Automated Teller Machine (ATM); Cost Efficiency; Information and Communication Technology (ICT)	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884301790	Fuel consumption evaluation of some commonly used farm tractors for ploughing operations on the sandy-loam soil of Oyo state, Nigeria	Adewoyin A.O.	2013	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	6	15	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, P.O. Box 20749, UI Post Office, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adewoyin, A.O., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, P.O. Box 20749, UI Post Office, Ibadan, Nigeria	Farm Tractors acquired in Oyo State-Nigeria are primarily utilized for ploughing operations which represents the most costly single item in the budget of an arable farmer. Tractor fuel consumption constitutes a significant parameter that affects ploughing operations performances. Ploughing operations, using ASABE standard D 497.5 were carried out using Massey Ferguson(MF 435, 100 hp), Fiat(F130D, 100 hp) and Steyr (CVT170, 100 hp) tractors that were purchased in 2009. Field experiments were conducted at 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5 km/h ploughing speeds for ploughing depths of 20, 25 and 30 cm. Mean fuel consumption for Fiat, MF and Steyr models were 23.35, 23.58 and 24.55 l/ha while average of 16.78, 22.02 and 32.67 l/ha of diesel were used to plough 20, 25 and 30 cm depths, respectively. Fuel consumption increased by 31% when ploughing depth increased from 20 to 25 cm and 48% when increased from 25 to 30 cm. Mean fuel consumption at 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5 km/h ploughing speeds were 20.0, 24.25 and 27.23 l/ha, respectively. Fuel consumption varies significantly with ploughing depth and speed (p&lt;0.05, 0.87≤r2≤0.99). Fuel consumption values increases with ploughing dept and speed significantly, the depth of crop roots should determine the appropriate ploughing depth in order to minimize expenses on fuel. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2013.	Fuel consumption; Ploughing depth; Ploughing speed; Soil types	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930922107	Epidemiological evaluation of rubella virus infection among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria	Adewumi O.M., Olayinka O.A., Olusola B.A., Faleye T.O.C., Sule W.F., Adesina O.	2015	Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry	36	6	10.1080/15321819.2015.1027404	Department of Virology, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria; Dep	Adewumi, O.M., Department of Virology, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olayinka, O.A., Department of Virology, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olusola, B.A., Department of Virology, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Faleye, T.O.C., Department of Virology, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Biological Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria; Sule, W.F., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adesina, O., Department of Microbiology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Rubella is a vaccine-preventable, mild rash-inducing viral disease with complications that include a spectrum of birth defects in the developing fetus, especially if the infection is acquired in the early months of pregnancy. Consequently, the primary objective of global rubella control programs is prevention of congenital rubella infection and associated birth defects. Despite the availability of safe and effective vaccines, and the elimination of the rubella virus in many developed countries, substantial commitment to rubella control has not been demonstrated in developing countries. This study appraises immunity to rubella, and consequently makes appropriate recommendations aimed at facilitating effective control. A cross-sectional sero-surveillance study was carried out among defined 272 consenting ante-natal clinic attendees in south-western, Nigeria. Prevalence rates of 91.54% and 1.84% were recorded for the anti-rubella virus (anti-RV) IgG and IgM, respectively. Also, 90.7% and 92.3% of the women aged ≤30 years and >30 years, respectively, had detectable anti-RV IgG. No significant association (p = 0.94) was recorded between anti-RV IgG detection and age of the women. Previous exposure and susceptibility of significant fraction of the population to rubella infection were confirmed. Considerable political commitment and promotion of free rubella immunization specifically for women with childbearing potential were recommended. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	anti-rubella; CRS; Nigeria; rubella; rubella virus; vaccine-preventable	immunoglobulin G; immunoglobulin M; immunoglobulin G; immunoglobulin M; virus antibody; adolescent; adult; arthralgia; Article; controlled study; educational status; female; fever; groups by age; human; lymphadenopathy; major clinical study; Nigeria; pregnant woman; prevalence; priority journal; rash; rubella; Rubella virus; blood; clinical trial; multicenter study; pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Rubella virus; Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies, Viral; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Nigeria; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Rubella; Rubella virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952308859	Post-occupancy evaluation of postgraduate hostel facilities	Adewunmi Y., Omirin M., Famuyiwa F., Farinloye O.	2011	Facilities	29	3	10.1108/02632771111109270	Department of Estate Management, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Building, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Adewunmi, Y., Department of Estate Management, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Omirin, M., Department of Estate Management, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Famuyiwa, F., Department of Estate Management, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Farinloye, O., Department of Building, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Purpose: This paper seeks to adopt an investigative approach to post-occupancy evaluation using major technical and functional criteria of performance on the facilities of a postgraduate hostel at the campus of the University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach: Data collection was based on a survey through self-administered questionnaires in which users of the building were asked to report on their perceptions and experience of the facility. The user satisfaction survey was developed based on the students' feedback on their experience with 29 identified performance criteria obtained from a review of the literature and an interview with a member of the university's hall management committee. Data at the organizational level were collected by personal interviews with the facilities manager and co-ordinator of hostels of the university. Findings: The user satisfaction survey identified areas of deficiency, particularly in maintenance, and facilitated the assessment of the overall performance of the building. Originality/value: This study demonstrates how universities in Nigeria can assess the management of hostel facilities by hostel administrators and facilities managers. Apart from the results of the user satisfaction survey being useful as evidence to access funds for the improvement of student hostel facilities, the feedback will be helpful in the design and management of new hostel facilities. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Buildings; Nigeria; Performance measurement; Universities	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886832354	Isolation of cycloeucalenol from boophone disticha and evaluation of its cytotoxicity	Adewusi E.A., Steenkamp P., Fouche G., Steenkamp V.	2013	Natural Product Communications	8	9	None	Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa; Natural Product Chemistry Group, Biosciences, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	Adewusi, E.A., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa; Steenkamp, P., Natural Product Chemistry Group, Biosciences, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Fouche, G., Natural Product Chemistry Group, Biosciences, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Steenkamp, V., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia 0007, South Africa	Boophone disticha (Amaryllidaceae) is widely used in traditional medicine in southern Africa. Several alkaloids, volatile oils and fatty acids have been isolated from the plant. However, there has been no literature report of a triterpene from B. disticha. Cycloeucalenol, a cycloartane triterpene, together with its regioisomer, was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the bulbs using column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. Structural elucidation was carried out using 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopy. The MTT and neutral red assays were used to assess the cytotoxicity of the compound in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. The compound was obtained as a mixture of two regio-isomers, which were separated for the first time by chromatographic optimization. Integration of the 1H NMR spectrum showed that cycloeucalenol and its regio-isomer were present in a ratio of 1.04:1. A dose-dependent decrease in cell viability was observed using both cytotoxicity assays. IC50 values of 173.0 ± 5.1 μM and 223.0 ± 6.4 μM were obtained for the MTT and neutral red assays, respectively, indicative of the low toxicity of the compound. This work describes for the first time, the presence of triterpene compounds from the genus Boophone.	Amaryllidaceae; Boophone disticha; Cycloeucalenol; Cytotoxicity; Regio-isomer; SH-SY5Y cells	cycloeucalenol; Amaryllidaceae; article; Boophone disticha; cell viability; column chromatography; concentration (parameters); controlled study; cytotoxicity assay; drug cytotoxicity; drug isolation; drug structure; human; human cell; isomer; mass spectrometry; proton nuclear magnetic resonance	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645229620	Reproductive performance of Wistar rats fed Acacia colei seed-based diets	Adewusi S.R.A., Falade O.S., Nwoha P.U., Caxton-Martins A.E., Harwood C.	2006	Journal of Arid Environments	66	1	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.10.014	Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products, P.O. Box E4008, Kingston, ACT 4008, Australia	Adewusi, S.R.A., Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Falade, O.S., Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Nwoha, P.U., Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Caxton-Martins, A.E., Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Harwood, C., CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products, P.O. Box E4008, Kingston, ACT 4008, Australia	Weanling male and female Wistar rats were fed diets incorporating 0%, 20% and 40% Acacia colei seed flour (Leguminosae), to raise three generations of animals. Weight gain decreased with increasing levels of acacia incorporation (crude protein content 12.6%) in first generation animals. Mating, 13 weeks after weaning, resulted in 80%, 60% and 0% pregnancy in female rats, average litter size of 5 and 5.5; and survival rate of 83% and 94% by rats fed 0%, 20% and 40% acacia diets, respectively. Increasing the protein content to 18% reversed the reproductive failure in the 40% acacia group: pregnancy rate was 80%, 40% and 71%; mean litter size was 8.5, 12 and 3.8 in rats fed 0%, 20% and 40% acacia diets, respectively. Growth rate was fastest in the 0% acacia group second-generation rats after the first 64 days. Mating this second generation resulted in 82%, 70% and 83% pregnancy over two matings for animals on 0%, 20% and 40% acacia diets, respectively. Weights of reproductive and other internal organs were little affected by diet-type indicating that incorporation of acacia into rat diet would not affect reproduction except for the low quality of its protein. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Dietary protein; Famine food; Growth; Reproduction	diet; food quality; litter size; reproductive success; rodent; Acacia; Acacia colei; Animalia; Fabaceae; Rattus norvegicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-27744551028	Impact of psychiatric morbidity on parent-rated quality of life in Nigerian adolescents with epilepsy	Adewuya A.O., Oseni S.B.A.	2005	Epilepsy and Behavior	7	3	10.1016/j.yebeh.2005.07.011	Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa 233001 Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adewuya, A.O., Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa 233001 Osun State, Nigeria; Oseni, S.B.A., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Despite the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in children and adolescents with epilepsy, their impact on the quality of life has not been sufficiently studied. Adolescents with epilepsy (n = 90) aged 12 to 18 were assessed for anxiety and depressive disorders with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, Version IV (DISC-IV), and their quality of life was assessed with the parent-rated Impact of Childhood Illness Scale (ICIS). Sociodemographic and illness variables were also obtained. Predictors of poor quality of life in adolescents with epilepsy include anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, frequency of seizures, and side effects of antiepileptic drugs. Depressive and anxiety disorders impacted on both the adolescents and the family. Programs designed to improve the overall quality of life of these adolescents should include the evaluation and treatment of possible comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders and involve the family. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Adolescents; Anxiety disorders; Cross-cultural; Depressive disorders; Epilepsy; Quality of life	anticonvulsive agent; carbamazepine; phenytoin; valproic acid; adolescent; adult; anxiety disorder; article; comorbidity; controlled study; demography; depression; epilepsy; family; female; human; interview; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; parent; prediction; quality of life; scoring system; side effect; socioeconomics; Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Anxiety Disorders; Attitude; Depressive Disorder; Epilepsy; Family; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Nigeria; Parents; Quality of Life; Socioeconomic Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645290505	School performance of Nigerian adolescents with epilepsy	Adewuya A.O., Oseni S.B.A., Okeniyi J.A.O.	2006	Epilepsia	47	2	10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00437.x	Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun Stat	Adewuya, A.O., Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa 233001, Osun State, Nigeria; Oseni, S.B.A., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Okeniyi, J.A.O., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Purpose: The study assessed the school performance of Nigerian adolescents with epilepsy compared with healthy controls and examined the variables correlating with their academic difficulties. Methods: The school grades of adolescents with epilepsy aged 12 to 18 years (n = 73) over the past academic year were compared with the grades of their classmates of the same age and gender. Risk factors possibly associated with school performance, such as adolescent variables (age, gender, perceived stigma, attitude toward epilepsy, and psychopathology), seizure variables (age at onset of illness, years of illness, types of seizures, and frequency of seizures per month), drug variables [types of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), number of AEDs and side effects of AEDs], and family variables (family's socioeconomic status, family functioning, caretakers' psychopathology, and caretakers' perceived stigma) were assessed. Results: The mean school grades of adolescents with epilepsy are significantly lower than are those of their healthy controls (p < 0.001) in all the subjects. The variables that significantly predict poor school performance in adolescents with epilepsy include psychopathology in the caretaker (p < 0.001), adolescents' perceived poor family functioning (p = 0.002), adolescents' attitude toward the illness (p = 0.001), adolescents' felt stigma (p = 0.002), externalizing symptoms in the adolescents (p = 0.004), and duration of illness (p = 0.024). Conclusions: The determinants of poor school performance in adolescents with epilepsy in Nigeria are multivariate, with psychosocial factors most important. These should be noted for early identification and screening of those children at greatest risk for academic failure and the greatest need for appropriate educational remediation services. © 2006 International League Against Epilepsy.	Academic performance; Adolescents; Childhood; Cross-cultural; Epilepsy; Psychopathology; Risk factors	anticonvulsive agent; carbamazepine; phenytoin; valproic acid; academic achievement; adolescent; adult; age distribution; anticonvulsant therapy; article; caregiver; comparative study; controlled study; correlation analysis; disease classification; disease duration; epilepsy; family life; female; groups by age; human; major clinical study; male; mental disease; morbidity; Nigeria; onset age; patient attitude; priority journal; risk factor; school child; sex difference; social psychology; social status; unspecified side effect; Achievement; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; African Continental Ancestry Group; Age Factors; Anticonvulsants; Attitude to Health; Caregivers; Child; Epilepsy; Female; Health Status; Humans; Learning Disorders; Male; Mental Disorders; Nigeria; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Stereotyping; Students	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40949137714	Impact of postnatal depression on infants' growth in Nigeria	Adewuya A.O., Ola B.O., Aloba O.O., Mapayi B.M., Okeniyi J.A.O.	2008	Journal of Affective Disorders	108	02-Jan	10.1016/j.jad.2007.09.013	Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Nigeria; Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex. Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences. O	Adewuya, A.O., Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Nigeria; Ola, B.O., Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex. Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Aloba, O.O., Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex. Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Mapayi, B.M., Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex. Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Okeniyi, J.A.O., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences. Obafemi Awolowo University. Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Background: The contribution of maternal postnatal depression to infant growth and under-nutrition in Africa has not been well studied. This study aims to examine the impact of postnatal depression (PND) on infants' physical growth in the first 9 months of life in Nigeria. Methods: A longitudinal case controlled study in which 242 women (consisting of 120 depressed and 122 matched non-depressed postpartum women) had their infants' weight and length measured at the 6th week, 3rd month, 6th month and 9th month after delivery. Discontinuation with breastfeeding and illnesses like diarrhoea, persistent vomiting, fever and cough were also recorded at these periods. Results: Infants of depressed mothers had statistically significant poorer growth than infants of non-depressed mothers at the 3rd month (weight OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.30-8.52; length OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.03-10.47) and the 6th month postpartum (weight OR 4.21, 95% CI 1.36-13.20; length OR 3.34, 95% CI 1.18-9.52). Depressed mothers were more likely to stop breastfeeding earlier and their infants more likely to have episodes of diarrhoea and other infectious illnesses. Limitations: Psychiatric interview was conducted only once (at 6 weeks postpartum), our sample size was moderate and we did not account for mothers who had been depressed in pregnancy. Conclusion: Prevention of postnatal depression and close monitoring of the growth of infants of depressed mothers should be integrated into maternal and child health policies in this region. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Breastfeeding; Cross-cultural; Infants' growth; Postnatal depression	article; body weight; breast feeding education; child growth; coughing; diarrhea; disease association; female; fever; human; interview; major clinical study; Nigeria; patient monitoring; priority journal; psychologic test; puerperal depression; vomiting; Adult; Body Height; Body Weight; Breast Feeding; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Depression, Postpartum; Developing Countries; Diarrhea, Infantile; Failure to Thrive; Female; Health Surveys; History, Ancient; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Nigeria; Risk Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878241427	New corporate code and immediate performance change of the Nigerian firms	Adewuyi A.O., Olowookere A.E.	2013	Corporate Governance (Bingley)	13	2	10.1108/14720701311316643	Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adewuyi, A.O., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olowookere, A.E., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Purpose: This study aims to investigate the immediate impact of a newly released code of governance on the financial performance of Nigerian companies. Tests are carried out to determine whether firms that comply more with the code experience better performance. Design/methodology/approach: The governance change of Nigerian listed firms after the newly released code is classified into ex ante good governance change or ex ante bad governance change; the differences in performance between the good governance change firms and bad governance change firms are then compared. Since firms in any year can change more than one governance indicator, an index of aggregate governance change is computed and the performance of firms from two extreme governance rankings is compared. Findings: It is found that in the immediate period after the release of the code, Nigerian firms reorganised their governance mechanism, and this sometimes involved substitution among mechanisms. However, the performance increase accrued to any firm with reorganisation towards a good mechanism could have been eroded when the same firm instituted a change towards another mechanism that matches the definition of bad change. This therefore makes an attempt to differentiate performance based on governance change (pre- and post-new code) difficult and insignificant. Originality/value: This study contributes to the scarce literature on corporate governance and firm performance in developing countries. Specifically, it can be regarded as the first study to test the immediate impact of a new code of governance on Nigerian firms. Equally, the adopted methodology makes it the first study to compute and test an aggregate index of governance change for Nigeria. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Agency problem; Companies; Corporate code; Corporate governance; Firms; Governance; Governance substitution; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958100850	Impact of trade reform on Nigeria's trade flows	Adewuyi A.O., Akpokodje G.	2010	International Trade Journal	24	4	10.1080/08853908.2010.513642	Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Economic Development Division, Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), Ibadan, Nigeria	Adewuyi, A.O., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Akpokodje, G., Economic Development Division, Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), Ibadan, Nigeria	This study examines the impact of trade liberalization on Nigeria's trade flow. It covers the period from 1973 to 2006 and employs the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) techniques. Results reveal among other findings that all categories of export except oil perform better during the trade liberalization period than before the trade liberalization period. Further analysis suggests that while the impact is significant enough to produce positive growth of manufactured exports, it is not so in the case of agricultural and aggregate non-oil exports. The results indicate that all categories of import experience improved performance during trade liberalization compared to the preliberalization period. However, the result suggests that in most cases the impact is not strong enough to turn the mean growth of imports positive. The study concludes that trade liberalization has not produced an impact that is significant enough to boost Nigeria's trade flows.	Exports; Imports; Nigeria; Trade flows; Trade liberalization	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878252333	Corporate governance and performance of Nigerian listed firms: Further evidence	Adewuyi A.O., Olowookere A.E.	2008	Corporate Ownership and Control	6	2 D CONT. 3	None	Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Adewuyi, A.O., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Olowookere, A.E., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	This work, in an agency framework, adds to the few literatures on Nigeria by examining the impact of corporate governance on firm financial performance. Using a sample of 64 listed non-financial firms for the period 2002 to 2006, the study is able to capture the impact of the New Code of Corporate Governance released in 2003 on previous findings. Introductory investigations on the Nigerian capital market operations and regulations depict low, but improving, states. Empirically, Panel regression estimates show that board size, audit committee independence and ownership concentration aid performance. Higher independent directors and directors' portion of shares unexpectedly dampen performance, while firms vesting both the roles of CEOs and chairs in the same individual perform better.	Agency problem; Corporate governance; Panel regression; Tobin's q	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349406495	Performance characterization of packed bed storage system	Adeyanju A.A.	2009	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	4	1	None	Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, Nigeria	Adeyanju, A.A., Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, Nigeria	Modeling of packed-bed heat transfer can be a problem of immense complexity in some cases requiring the use of 3-D finite-element techniques to understand the dynamics of stratification and fluid-solid interaction during different modes of operation. The analytical solution to the packed bed heat transfer was identified in this study and a set of governing equations that economically and accurately characterize the dominant energy transfer mechanisms in a charging or discharging packed bed storage tank over long time periods that include multiple cycles were analyzed. © Medwell Journal, 2009.	Analytical; Characterization; Heat transfer; Packed-bed; Stratification	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907915448	Grey-scale sonographic evaluation of portal vein diameter in healthy Nigerian adults	Adeyekun A.A., Tsebi H.B.	2014	Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research	13	1	None	Department of RadioIogy, University of Benin-Teaching Hospital, PMB 1111, Benin-City, Nigeria	Adeyekun, A.A., Department of RadioIogy, University of Benin-Teaching Hospital, PMB 1111, Benin-City, Nigeria; Tsebi, H.B., Department of RadioIogy, University of Benin-Teaching Hospital, PMB 1111, Benin-City, Nigeria	To determine, by grey scale ultrasonography, normal portal vein diameter among healthy adults in Benin-City, Nigeria and correlate the values with age, gender and body mass index. This was a cross sectional ultrasound study of 250 randomly selected healthy subjects, under fasting conditions. Subjects with history of jaundice, alcoholism and liver disease were excluded. A 3.5MHz curvilinear transducer was used in scanning the selected subjects. Portal vein diameter was measured at its broadest part, distal to the union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins. Two hundred and fifty apparently healthy subjects were assessed, comprising of 53 males (21.2%), and 197 females (78.8%). Portal vein diameter ranged from 6-14mm, with a mean value of 10.3±1.5mm. The mean value for males was 10.5 ± 1.5mm, and, for females 10.2 ±1.3mm. There was no significant correlation between measured values and age, gender and body mass index. The range of measurements obtained in this study has provided reference values for portal vein diameter in our environment. Thus, objective assessment of changes in portal vein diameter as may occur in some disease conditions such as portal hypertension can be made. © CMS UNIBEN JMBR.	Benin-City; Portal vein diameter; Ultrasonography	adult; age; aged; Article; body mass; cross-sectional study; diet restriction; echography; female; gender; grey scale ultrasonography; human; male; Nigeria; Nigerian; obesity; portal vein; ultrasound transducer; underweight; vein diameter; very elderly	None
WoS	WOS:000253025900010	Evaluation of health workers' training in use of the partogram	Adeyemi, A. B.,Fatusi, A. O.,Makinde, O. N.,Onwudiegwu, U.,Orji, E. O.	2008	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY &amp; OBSTETRICS	100	1	10.1016/j.ijgo.2007.07.020	Obafemi Awolowo University	"Adeyemi, A. B.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Fatusi, A. O.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Makinde, O. N.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Onwudiegwu, U.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Orji, E. O.: Obafemi Awolowo University"	Objective: To assess the impact of training on use of the partogram for tabor monitoring among various categories of primary health care workers. Methods: Fifty-six health workers offering delivery services in primary health care facilities were trained to use the partogram and were evaluated after 7 months. Results: A total of 242 partograms of women in tabor were plotted over a 1-year period; 76.9% of them were correctly plotted. Community health extension workers (CHEWs) plotted 193 (79.8%) partograms and nurse/midwives plotted 49 (20.2%). Inappropriate action based on the partogram occurred in 6.6%. No statistically significant difference was recorded in the rate of correct plotting and consequent decision-making between nurse/midwives and the CHEWs. Conclusion: Lower cadres of primary health care workers can be effectively trained to use the partogram with satisfactory results, and thus contribute towards improved maternal outcomes in developing countries with scarcity of skilled attendants. (c) 2007 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	NIGERIA,partogram,"primary health care workers","TRAINING PROGRAM",LABOR,MANAGEMENT,MIDWIVES,"ORGANIZATION PARTOGRAPH"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885607330	Feed restriction and realimentation on performance and carcass characteristics of growing rabbits in a humid environment	Adeyemi O.A., Ajeboriogbon O.O., Aderinoye S.A.	2013	Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science	36	3	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Adeyemi, O.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ajeboriogbon, O.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Aderinoye, S.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	The effects of feed restriction for three weeks followed by a four-week realimentation on performance and carcass characteristics were investigated in growing rabbits in a derived savannah vegetation zone of South West Nigeria. Thirty (30) growing rabbits of mixed breeds and sexes with an average weight range of 750 - 800g were randomly distributedinto five restriction regimes which served as the study treatments. The rabbits were divided into five groups of six rabbits each. Each treatment was replicated three times with two rabbits per replicate. The experiment was carried out using the completely randomized design (CRD). The rabbits in Treatment 1 (T1) (control) were fed ad libitum, whereas those in Treatment 2 (T2) and Treatment 3 (T3) were restricted to 80% and 60% of ad libitum respectively throughout the 7-week study period. Meanwhile, the rabbits in Treatment 4 (T4) were restricted to 80% of ad libitum for three weeks and later fed ad libitum for the remaining three weeks, whereas those in Treatment 5 (T5) were restricted to 60% of ad libitum for three weeks and later fed ad libitum for the remaining four weeks. The trial lasted for 7 weeks after which the rabbits were starved overnight and slaughtered. Weight gain over the entire period, average daily gain and average daily feed intake over the 49 days of experimental period were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the feeding regime employed. The least average daily weight gain over the entire period of the experiment was observed on the rabbits subjected to 60% of ad libitum feeding throughout the experimental duration. The rabbits in Treatment 4 (which were restricted to 80% of ad libitum feeding for 3 weeks followed by 4 weeks of ad libitum feeding showed a consistent similarity in performance with the rabbits on ad libitum feeding (Control). Feed restriction regimes significantly influenced (P<0.05) dressed weight and dressing out percentage (DOP); however, there were no effects (P>0.05) on the forelimb, loin, hind limb and thoracic cage weights of the rabbit carcasses. In terms of overall performance, the rabbits in Treatment 4, however, required less feed to gain a unit weight as compared to the rabbits in other treatments. Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that feed restriction did not significantly influence carcass yield and relative organs investigated. It is recommended that growing rabbits can be subjected to a three-week feed restriction of not more than 20% provided at least four weeks of ad libitum feeding is allowed for compensatory growth. © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.	Carcass characteristics; Feed restriction; Performance; Rabbits; Realimentation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877071825	Performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing cassava leaf: Blood meal mix as replacement for soybean meal [Rendimiento de pollos de engorde alimentados con dietas conteniendo una mezcla de hojas de yuca: Harina de sangre como reemplazo de harina d	Adeyemi O.A., Adekoya J.A., Sobayo R.A.	2012	Revista Cientifica UDO Agricola	12	1	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production, Olabisi Onabanjo University, PMB 0012, Ayetoro, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Nutrition, Universit	Adeyemi, O.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adekoya, J.A., Department of Animal Production, Olabisi Onabanjo University, PMB 0012, Ayetoro, Ogun State, Nigeria; Sobayo, R.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	The trial reported herein investigated the performance of broiler chicken on diet containing cassava leaf meal (CLM)/blood meals (BM) mix in replacement for soybean meal (SBM). One hundred and fifty, two weeks-old broilers were randomly allotted to five experimental diets such that each dietary treatment was replicated six times with five birds per replicate. The experimental diets were formulated such that the diets contained 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% CLM/BM mix as replacement for SBM respectively. The diets were fed over a 6-week period. Birds fed 100% CLM/BM replacement for SBM had the highest (P<0.05) feed intake, lower weight gain and poorer feed conversion ratio than the control. Weight gain and FCR were significantly higher in birds fed 50% CLM/BM in replacement for SBM than the other CLM/BM based groups. The values for the dressed weight, thigh muscle and drumstick were higher (P<0.05) in birds fed 50% CLM/BM diets than in the other dietary groups. The breast weight and abdominal fat were not affected by the diets. The weights of the liver, kidney, heart and spleen were not affected by the treatments whereas those of the crop, gizzard, proventriculus and caecum increased (P<0.05) with increasing dietary inclusion of CLM/BM in the diet. In conclusion, it can be inferred based on the general observations recorded in this study that broiler diets containing cassava leaf meal: blood meal mixture in replacement for soybean meal promote comparable daily feed intake and feed to gain ratio as their soybean based control diet and had no deleterious effect on performance. The results obtained in this trial showed that birds on diet 3 (with dietary level of inclusion 50% SBM: 50%CLM: BM) elicited the best response in terms of weight gain, feed intake and feed: gain ratio. It is concluded that not more than 50% of dietary CLM/BM should be used as a replacement for soybean.	Broiler chicken; Cassava leaf: blood meal mix; Performance	Aves; Gallus gallus; Glycine max; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863769111	Effect of concentrate feed restriction with ad libitum forage feeding on performance and carcass yield of growing rabbit	Adeyemi O.A., Akanji A.O.	2012	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	11	6	None	Department of Animal Production, Health College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Adeyemi, O.A., Department of Animal Production, Health College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Akanji, A.O., Department of Animal Production, Health College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Effect of concentrate feed restriction in the presence of ad libitum forage (Tridax procumbens) feeding on performance, carcass yield and relative organ weights were investigated in weaner rabbits in a humid tropical environment in Nigeria. 36 growing rabbits of mixed breed (Chinchilla x Dutch x California White) and sexes with an average weight of 600g were assigned to three feeding regimen in a completely randomized design. The study lasted for 8 weeks. The three feeding regimen were: (A) ad libitum concentrate feeding + ad libitum forage feeding (control), (B) skip-a-day concentrate feeding/week + ad libitum forage feeding and (C) skip-2- days concentrate feeding/week + ad libitum forage feeding. The forage used was air-dried Tridax procumbens. Drinking water was supplied free-choice throughout the duration of the experiment. Each treatment group was replicated six times with two rabbits housed in the same cage serving as replicate. Weight gain (Total and Average daily), final body weight, Feed intake (Total and Average daily) and feed: gain ratio of rabbits were not significantly (P>0.05) different among the treatment groups. Although feed intake was not different among the three treatments, however concentrate intake (Total and average daily), forage intake (total and average daily) as well as percentage concentrate and forage in daily feed intake were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by treatments. Total concentrate intake was significantly higher in rabbits on treatment A (ad libitum feeding) compared with rabbits on treatment B which was also significantly higher than the intake on treatment C. ad libitum fed rabbits consumed 10.75 and 25.94% concentrates more than rabbits on skip-a-day and skip-twodays per week concentrate feeding. Daily concentrate intake reduced from 33.35g on treatment A to 29.76g and 24.69g in treatment B and C respectively. The daily forage intake however increased with severity of concentrate restriction, the trend being C > B > A. The Concentrate percentage of daily feed intake reduced with increased severity of concentrate restriction while that of forage increased with concentrate restriction from 56.15% in ad libitum concentrate fed group to the highest amount of 68.45% in rabbits on skip-two-days of concentrate feeding per week. Dressing percentage and retail cuts were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by feeding regime. Similarly the physical structure and weights of internal organs (livers, kidneys, lungs and hearts) were not affected by experimental treatments (P>0.05). The results obtained from this study showed that rabbits can be subjected to two days skipping of concentrate feed per week with ad libitum forage feeding without compromising performance and carcass measurements.	Feeding regimen; Forage; Performance; Rabbits; Skip-a-day; Skip-two-days	Menticirrhus undulatus; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Tridax procumbens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60849126953	Toxicological evaluation of the effect of water contaminated with lead, phenol and benzene on liver, kidney and colon of Albino rats	Adeyemi O., Ajayi J.O., Olajuyin A.M., Oloyede O.B., Oladiji A.T., Oluba O.M., Adeyemi O., Ololade I.A., Adebayo E.A.	2009	Food and Chemical Toxicology	47	4	10.1016/j.fct.2009.01.023	Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Departmen	Adeyemi, O., Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria; Ajayi, J.O., Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria; Olajuyin, A.M., Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria; Oloyede, O.B., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Oladiji, A.T., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Oluba, O.M., Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, Benin-City, Nigeria; Adeyemi, O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, Benin-City, Nigeria; Ololade, I.A., Department of Chemistry/Industrial Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria; Adebayo, E.A., Department of Chemistry/Industrial Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria	The effect of water contaminated with phenol, benzene and lead on rats cellular system was investigated. Selected enzyme activity of the kidney and colon of rats was carried out. Standard enzyme assays were also conducted for selected liver enzymes such as alkaline and acid phosphatases, alanine and aspartate transaminases, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase. Serum indices of liver and kidney function were also determined. The direct bilirubin of test rats were observed to be 3.2 ± 0.2 U/mol/l while that of control rat was 1.2 ± 0.003 U/mol/l. The total bilirubin of test rats was found to be 8.4 ± 0.8 U/mol/l while that of the control was 5.6 ± 0.5 U/mol/l. Generally, enzymes activity in the tissues of test rats were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) lower relative to control, while the enzyme activity of the serum of test rats was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than control. It could be inferred that experimental data suggest possible damage to the tissues and that consumption of polluted water may account for increasing cases of renal and hepatic failure among people in developing countries. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Bilirubin; Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase; Phosphatases; Transaminases; Water	acid phosphatase; alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; benzene; bilirubin glucuronide; gamma glutamyltransferase; lead; phenol; water; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; colon; controlled study; enzyme activity; enzyme assay; experimental rat; gastrointestinal toxicity; kidney function; liver function; liver toxicity; male; nephrotoxicity; nonhuman; rat; tissue injury; water contamination; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Benzene; Bilirubin; Colon; Creatinine; Drinking; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Function Tests; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lead; Liver; Liver Diseases; Liver Function Tests; Male; Phenol; Rats; Urea; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955512034	Biochemical evaluation of leachate-contaminated groundwater on the kidney of Albino rats	Adeyemi O., Oloyede O.B., Oladiji A.T.	2010	Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology	62	5	10.1016/j.etp.2009.06.008	Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, PMB 1221, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Adeyemi, O., Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, PMB 1221, Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria; Oloyede, O.B., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Oladiji, A.T., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	The effect of leachate-contaminated groundwater on the cells of the kidney was evaluated. Serum Na+ concentration of control rats was observed to be 120±1.0nmol/l while that of rat placed on simulated leachate was 180±4.0nmol/l. Serum K+, urea and creatinine concentrations of rats placed on simulated leachate and leachate-contaminated groundwater were significantly higher(p&lt;0.05) than those of control rats. The activity of Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of the kidney and serum, respectively, observed for the control rats were (237±3.70 and 0.37±0.01)nmol/min/mg protein while (116±4.20 and 3.17±0.20)nmol/min/mg protein was the ALP activity of kidney and serum, respectively, observed for the rats placed on simulated leachate. Histological examination of the kidney of the control rats showed no visible lesion while that of rats placed on simulated leachate showed extensive necrosis of muscle fibres and cellular infiltration by macrophages. It is viewed that leachate-contaminated groundwater may damage kidney cells and impair renal function. © 2009 Elsevier GmbH.	Contaminated water; Enzymes; Groundwater; Kidney; Leachate	alkaline phosphatase; creatinine; ground water; potassium ion; sodium ion; urea; alkaline phosphatase blood level; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; biochemistry; bleeding; cell damage; cell infiltration; controlled study; creatinine blood level; enzyme activity; histopathology; kidney cell; kidney dysfunction; kidney parenchyma; leaching; macrophage; muscle necrosis; nonhuman; potassium blood level; rat; simulation; sodium blood level; urea blood level; water contamination; Animals; Creatinine; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Rats; Urea; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349248068	Evaluation of the antidiarrhoeal effect of Sanseviera liberica Gerome & Labroy (Agavaceae) root extract	Adeyemi O.O., Akindele A.J., Ogunleye E.A.	2009	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	123	3	10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.023	Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P. M. B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Adeyemi, O.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P. M. B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Akindele, A.J., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P. M. B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Ogunleye, E.A., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P. M. B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Ethnopharmacological relevance: The aqueous root extract of Sanseviera liberica (Agavaceae), SL, is used in Traditional African Medicine (TAM) for the treatment of diarrhoea. However, the scientific basis for this usage has not been established. Aim of the study: To evaluate the antidiarrhoeal activity of SL using various pharmacological models. Materials and methods: The intestinal transit, castor oil induced diarrhoea, enteropooling, and gastric emptying methods were used in this study. Results: SL (25-400 mg/kg, p.o.) produced significant (P &lt; 0.05) dose dependent reduction in propulsive movement in both the normal and castor oil induced intestinal transit tests in mice. Peak effect was elicited at 200 mg/kg but this effect was lower than that produced by morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.). The effect of SL on castor oil induced intestinal transit was antagonized by isosorbide dinitrate, IDN (150 mg/kg, p.o.) but not by yohimbine (1 mg/kg, s.c.). In the castor oil induced diarrhoea test, SL significantly delayed the onset and decreased the frequency and severity of diarrhoea. The effect at 200 mg/kg was comparable to that of morphine and was reversed by IDN. SL at the dose of 200 mg/kg significantly reduced the volume of intestinal secretion induced by castor oil but produced no effect on gastric emptying. The extract was practically nontoxic administered p.o. The LD50 was 631 mg/kg given i.p. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of oils, reducing sugars, alkaloids, saponins, anthraquinones, and tannins in the extract. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study suggest that the aqueous root extract of Sanseviera liberica possesses antidiarrhoeal property due to inhibition of gastrointestinal propulsion and fluid secretion, possibly mediated through inhibition of the nitric oxide pathway. This justifies the use of the plant extract in TAM for the treatment of diarrhoea. © 2009.	Antidiarrhoeal activity; Diarrhoea; Enteropooling; Gastric emptying; Intestinal transit; Sanseviera liberica	alkaloid derivative; anthraquinone derivative; antidiarrheal agent; castor oil; isosorbide dinitrate; morphine; nitric oxide; oil; plant extract; Sanseviera liberica extract; saponin derivative; sugar; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; yohimbine; Africa; animal experiment; animal model; aqueous solution; article; controlled study; diarrhea; disease severity; dose response; drug antagonism; drug dose comparison; female; gastrointestinal transit; intestine fluid; intestine secretion; LD 50; male; mouse; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant root; rat; stomach acid secretion; stomach emptying; traditional medicine; treatment outcome; treatment response; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Antidiarrheals; Castor Oil; Diarrhea; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Gastrointestinal Transit; Intestines; Isosorbide Dinitrate; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Mice; Morphine; Narcotics; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Rats; Sansevieria; Vasodilator Agents; Yohimbine; Agavaceae; Mus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886042127	Interaction of nanoparticles with arginine kinase from Trypanosoma brucei: Kinetic and mechanistic evaluation	Adeyemi O.S., Whiteley C.G.	2013	International Journal of Biological Macromolecules	62	None	10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.09.008	Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Adeyemi, O.S., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Whiteley, C.G., Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Arginine kinase is not only absent from mammalian hosts but is critical to the survival of trypanosomes under stressful conditions and consequently its inhibition may lead to an effective treatment for trypanosomiasis. The His-tagged enzyme was cloned from Trypanosoma brucei genomic DNA, expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 DE3 cells and purified on a Ni-affinity column and by FPLC on a Superdex 200 HR. The enzyme had a specific activity of 2.92μmolmin-1mgprotein-1, molecular mass of 40kDa, temperature and pH optima of 30°C and 7.8, and Km and Vmax as 2.94mM and 0.161μmolml-1min-1 (arginine substrate). The interaction of the enzyme with silver and gold nanoparticles showed a non-competitive inhibition with, respectively, 75% and 62% decrease in activity; Ki values ranged from 1.5nM (Ag) to 3.1nM (Au). A mechanism for this inhibition was by interaction with Cys271 positioned 3.3Å from the reactive NH1 of substrate arginine. This cysteine controls electrophilic and nucleophilic character of the guanidinium group that is crucial for enzymatic phosphoryl transfer between ADP and ATP. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Arginine kinase; Kinetic analysis; Mechanism; Silver, gold nanoparticles; Trypanosomiasis	adenosine diphosphate; adenosine triphosphate; arginine; arginine kinase; cysteine; genomic DNA; gold nanoparticle; guanidine; histidine; nickel; silver nanoparticle; article; competitive inhibition; controlled study; electrophilicity; enzyme activity; enzyme analysis; enzyme inhibitor interaction; enzyme kinetics; enzyme substrate complex; Escherichia coli; fast protein liquid chromatography; molecular cloning; molecular weight; nonhuman; nucleophilicity; pH; temperature; Trypanosoma brucei; trypanosomiasis; Arginine kinase; Kinetic analysis; Mechanism; Silver, gold nanoparticles; Trypanosomiasis; Arginine Kinase; Cloning, Molecular; Enzyme Activation; Gene Expression; Gold; Kinetics; Mechanical Phenomena; Metal Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles; Protein Binding; Recombinant Proteins; Silver; Trypanosoma brucei brucei	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84933054431	Evaluation of metal nanoparticles for drug delivery systems	Adeyemi O.S., Sulaiman F.A.	2015	Journal of Biomedical Research	29	2	10.7555/JBR.28.20130096	Department of Biological Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Adeyemi, O.S., Department of Biological Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria; Sulaiman, F.A., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Diminazene aceturate is a trypanocide with unwanted toxicity and limited efficacy. It was reasoned that conjugating diminazene aceturate to functionalized nanoparticle would lower untoward toxicity while improving selectivity and therapeutic efficacy. Silver and gold nanoparticles were evaluated for their capacities to serve as carriers for diminazene aceturate. The silver and gold nanoparticles were synthesized, functionalized and coupled to diminazene aceturate following established protocols. The nanoparticle conjugates were characterized. The free diminazene aceturate and drug conjugated nanoparticles were subsequently evaluated for cytotoxicity in vitro. The characterizations by transmission electron microscopy or UV/Vis spectroscopy revealed that conjugation of diminazene aceturate to silver or gold nanoparticles was successful. Evaluation for cytotoxic actions in vitro demonstrated no significance difference between free diminazene aceturate and the conjugates. Our data suggest that surface modified metal nanoparticles could be optimized for drug delivery systems. © 2015 by the Journal of Biomedical Research.	Drugs; Nanoparticles; Targeting; Toxicity; Trypanocides	diminazene aceturate; gold nanoparticle; silver nanoparticle; Article; drug conjugation; drug cytotoxicity; drug delivery system; in vitro study; priority journal; surface property; synthesis; transmission electron microscopy; ultraviolet spectroscopy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934977706	Interaction between gallotannin and a recombinant form of arginine kinase of trypanosoma brucei: Thermodynamic and spectrofluorimetric evaluation	Adeyemi O.S., Sulaiman A.F., Iniaghe O.M.	2014	Journal of Biophysics	2014	None	10.1155/2014/675905	Department of Biological Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	Adeyemi, O.S., Department of Biological Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria; Sulaiman, A.F., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Iniaghe, O.M., Department of Biochemistry, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	Current chemotherapies against trypanosomiasis are beset with diverse challenges, a situation which underscores the numerous research efforts aimed at finding newer and effective treatments. Arginine kinase of trypanosome has been validated as target for drug development against trypanosomiasis. The present study investigated the interaction between a recombinant form of the arginine kinase (rTbAK) of trypanosome and gallotannin. The interaction between gallotannin and recombinant arginine kinase of Trypanosoma brucei caused significant decrease of enzyme activity. Kinetic analysis revealed the interaction to be of noncompetitive inhibition. Further thermodynamic analysis showed that the interaction between gallotannin and the recombinant arginine kinase was nonspontaneous and involved hydrophobic forces. The K sv values and the FRET analysis suggest that static quenching of fluorescence intensity by gallotannin was static. Data revealed inhibitory interactions between gallotannin and rTbAK of trypanosome. Although the mechanism of inhibition is not clear yet, molecular docking studies are ongoing to clearly define the inhibitory interactions between the gallotannin and rTbAK. The knowledge of such binding properties would enrich development of selective inhibitors for the arginine kinase of Trypanosoma brucei. © 2014 O. S. Adeyemi et al.	None	Trypanosoma brucei	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65249148413	Impact assessment of business process reengineering on organisational performance	Adeyemi S., Aremu M.A.	2008	European Journal of Social Sciences	7	1	None	Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515 Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Adeyemi, S., Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515 Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Aremu, M.A., Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515 Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	In Nigeria, the changing dynamics of banking and other financial institutions market forced players at all levels to re-engineer their business organisations. The banking operations and functions which is intend to meet emerging challenges of bank consolidation, slashing operating cost, outsourcing, portfolio investment, payments and settlement system call for innovative banking practices through Business Process Re-engineering. This is to enable Nigerian banks to incorporate strategic innovative customer schemes in order to bridge the service gap inherent in Nigerian banking sector. The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of reengineering on organizational performance and to uncover how business process reengineering can help organizations to effect innovative and strategic changes in the organisation. The data for this current investigation were obtained from primary source that was analysed through simple percentage analysis and regression analysis. The paper concludes that business process reengineering has become useful weapon for any corporate organisations that is seeking for improvement in their current organizational performance and intends achieve cost leadership strategy in its operating industry and environment. It recommended that reengineering process remains effective tools for organizations striving to operate as effectively and efficiently as possible and organizations are required to reengineer their business processes in order to achieve breakthrough performance and long term strategy for organizational growth and performance.	Business process; Business process reengineering; Information technology; Organisational performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954319870	Evaluation of genome wide association study associated type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci in sub Saharan Africans	Adeyemo A.A., Tekola-Ayele F., Doumatey A.P., Bentley A.R., Chen G., Huang H., Zhou J., Shriner D., Fasanmade O., Okafor G., Eghan B., Jr., Agyenim-Boateng K., Adeleye J., Balogun W., Elkahloun A., Chandrasekharappa S., Owusu S., Amoah A., Acheampong J.,	2015	Frontiers in Genetics	6	None	10.3389/fgene.2015.00335	Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States	Adeyemo, A.A., Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Tekola-Ayele, F., Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Doumatey, A.P., Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Bentley, A.R., Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Chen, G., Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Huang, H., Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Zhou, J., Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Shriner, D., Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Fasanmade, O., Department of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Okafor, G., Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Eghan, B., Jr., Department of Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Agyenim-Boateng, K., Department of Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Adeleye, J., Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Balogun, W., Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Elkahloun, A., National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Chandrasekharappa, S., National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Owusu, S., Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Amoah, A., Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Acheampong, J., Department of Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Johnson, T., Department of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Oli, J., Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Adebamowo, C., Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States; Collins, F., National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Dunston, G., National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States; Rotimi, C.N., Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States	Genome wide association studies (GWAS) for type 2 diabetes (T2D) undertaken in European and Asian ancestry populations have yielded dozens of robustly associated loci. However, the genomics of T2D remains largely understudied in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where rates of T2D are increasing dramatically and where the environmental background is quite different than in these previous studies. Here, we evaluate 106 reported T2D GWAS loci in continental Africans. We tested each of these SNPs, and SNPs in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with these index SNPs, for an association with T2D in order to assess transferability and to fine map the loci leveraging the generally reduced LD of African genomes. The study included 1775 unrelated Africans (1035 T2D cases, 740 controls; mean age 54 years; 59% female) enrolled in Nigeria, Ghana, and Kenya as part of the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) study. All samples were genotyped on the Affymetrix Axiom PanAFR SNP array. Forty-one of the tested loci showed transferability to this African sample (p &lt; 0.05, same direction of effect), 11 at the exact reported SNP and 30 others at SNPs in LD with the reported SNP (after adjustment for the number of tested SNPs). TCF7L2 SNP rs7903146 was the most significant locus in this study (p = 1.61 × 10-8). Most of the loci that showed transferability were successfully fine-mapped, i.e., localized to smaller haplotypes than in the original reports. The findings indicate that the genetic architecture of T2D in SSA is characterized by several risk loci shared with non-African ancestral populations and that data from African populations may facilitate fine mapping of risk loci. The study provides an important resource for meta-analysis of African ancestry populations and transferability of novel loci. © 2015 Adeyemo, Tekola-Ayele, Doumatey, Bentley, Chen, Huang, Zhou, Shriner, Fasanmade, Okafor, Eghan, Agyenim-Boateng, Adeleye, Balogun, Elkahloun, Chandrasekharappa, Owusu, Amoah, Acheampong, Johnson, Oli, Adebamowo, Collins, Dunston and Rotimi.	Fine-mapping; Genetic association; Replication; Sub Saharan Africa; Type 2 diabetes	cholesterol; glucose; triacylglycerol; adult; Africa south of the Sahara; anthropometry; Article; blood analysis; controlled study; female; gene linkage disequilibrium; gene locus; gene mapping; genetic association; genetic susceptibility; genotype; human; major clinical study; male; middle aged; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; single nucleotide polymorphism	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956534382	Intelligent-well completions in Agbami: Value added and execution performance	Adeyemo A.M., Aigbe C., Chukwumaeze I., Meinert D., Shryock S.	2010	JPT, Journal of Petroleum Technology	62	5	None	SPE, Chevron Nigeria, Nigeria	Adeyemo, A.M., SPE, Chevron Nigeria, Nigeria; Aigbe, C., SPE, Chevron Nigeria, Nigeria; Chukwumaeze, I., SPE, Chevron Nigeria, Nigeria; Meinert, D., SPE, Chevron Nigeria, Nigeria; Shryock, S., SPE, Chevron Nigeria, Nigeria	Use of intelligent-well-completion (IWC) technology has grown, even with perceived risks associated with installation and longevity of the systems. In the Agbami field, offshore Nigeria, for which 80% of the development wells are planned with IWC installations, understanding these risks was key in justifying IWCs. The methodology used to quantify the realizable value from zonal control and data acquisition and a review of the execution performance for the initial IWC wells are presented. © 2003 - 2009 Society of Petroleum Engineers.	None	Development wells; Execution performance; Intelligent well completion; Nigeria; Perceived risk; Value added; Zonal control; Installation; Oil well completion; Wells	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952611386	Effects of exposure duration to cottonseed cake-based diets on broiler performance	Adeyemo G.O.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	2	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adeyemo, G.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Two experiments were separately conducted using cottonseed cake-based diets to feed table birds. In the first experiment (phase 1) broiler birds were fed from day old to 8 weeks of age, while in the second experiment (phase 2), the birds were fed cottonseed cake based diets from 4-8 weeks of age. Five dietary treatments were fed in both experiments formulated to be iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous with Cottonseed Cake (CSC) replacing Soyabean Cake (SBC) at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% respectively. The live weight of broilers in the phases differed significantly (p<0.05) with broilers in phase 2 being better. The dressed weight was higher in phase 2 than phase 1. Broilers fed CSC based diets from 4 weeks had better feed conversion ratio than those fed from day old. Similar trend was observed in haematological and serum biochemistry parameters in the different treatments of the two phases. It can be concluded that feeding CSC protein as replacement for SBC protein was better from 4 weeks of age in respect of broiler performance though at a higher cost than the former. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Broiler's diet; Cottonseed cake; Performance; Serum biochemistry	Aves; Glycine max; Micropus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44449158880	Effects of cottonseed cake based diets on performance and egg quality characteristics of layers	Adeyemo G.O., Longe O.G.	2008	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	7	4	10.3923/pjn.2008.597.602	Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Adeyemo, G.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Longe, O.G., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	The study evaluated the performance of layers fed on diets in which Cottonseed cake (CSC) replaced Soybean cake (SBC) in five experimental rations such that 0% (control), 15%, 30%, 45% and 60% of CSC replaced SBC. The design of the experiment was completely randomized design (CRD). Chemical analysis was carried out to determine the crude protein (CP) and gossypol contents of CSC. In this experiment, seventy-five 23 week - old layers were fed with experimental layer diets for 12 weeks. Parameters evaluated include hen-day production (HDP), Feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg weight (EW) and haugh units (HU). All data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. The determined CP of CSC was 35.11% and its gossypol content was 570g/ton. FCR ranged from 1.6 to 4.9, HDP from 47% to 68%, EW from 47.5 to 62.8 g, and HU from 3.1 to 6.7. Layers on 60% CSC replacement for SBC had higher values for the parameters measured which were not significantly different from the control. CSC can replace up to 60% SBC without adverse effects on performance and egg quality characteristics of laying birds. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Cottonseed cake; Egg quality; Layers	gossypol; protein; analysis of variance; animal experiment; animal food; article; caloric intake; chemical analysis; chicken; controlled study; cottonseed cake; egg laying; egg production; female; food composition; nonhuman; nutritional value; poultry farming; protein intake; soybean; Aves; Glycine max; Micropus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247375625	The reproductive performance of breeder cocks fed cottonseed cake-based diets	Adeyemo G.O., Longe O.G., Adejumo D.O.	2007	International Journal of Poultry Science	6	2	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Adeyemo, G.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Longe, O.G., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adejumo, D.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Histology of the testes of breeder cocks fed replacement levels of 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100% of cottonseed meal (CSM) for soybean meal (SBM) in five different breeder diets for fifteen weeks were investigated in a completely randomized design. Chemical analyses were carried out to determine the crude protein (CP) and gossypol content of CSM. The 23 week-old breeder cocks were fed the experimental diets for 15 weeks, euthanized and their testes removed for histological studies. The determined CP and gossypol contents of CSM were 35.11% and 570 g/ton respectively. The daily sperm production (DSP) by the breeder cocks was depressed when CSM dietary inclusion was above 50% with DSP values ranging from 1.5×109 to 2.9×109/mL. The investigation showed that replacing 75% SBM with CSM was not injurious to the non-reproductive health of the breeder cocks. However, CSM may not replace more than 50% of SBM for breeder cocks because of the depressing effect of gossypol on sperm production when this level is exceeded. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Breeder cocks; Cottonseed meal; Daily sperm production; Histology; Reproduction	Glycine max; Micropus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906673266	Evaluation of combined pareto multiobjective differential evolution on tuneable problems	Adeyemo J.A., Olofintoye O.O.	2014	International Journal of Simulation Modelling	13	3	10.2507/IJSIMM13(3)2.264	Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa	Adeyemo, J.A., Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Olofintoye, O.O., Department of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa	Many optimization problems in engineering involve the satisfaction of multiple objectives within the limits of certain constraints. Methods of evolutionary multi-objective algorithms (EMOAs) have been proposed and applied to solve such problems. Recently, a combined Pareto multi-objective differential evolution (CPMDE) algorithm was proposed. The algorithm combines Pareto selection procedures for multi-objective differential evolution to implement a novel selection scheme. The ability of CPMDE in solving unconstrained, constrained and real optimization problems was demonstrated and competitive results obtained from the application of CPMDE suggest that it is a good alternative for solving multi-objective optimization problems. In this work, CPMDE is further tested using tuneable multi-objective test problems and applied to solve a real world engineering design problem. Results obtained herein further corroborate the efficacy of CPMDE in multi-objective optimization.	Constraints; Differential evolution; Evolutionary algorithms; Multi-objective optimization; Tuneable test beds	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051821083	The impacts of biodiesel feedstock production systems in South Africa: An application of a Partial Equilibrium Model to the Eastern Cape Social Accounting Matrix	Adeyemo O., Wise R., Brent A.	2011	Journal of Energy in Southern Africa	22	1	None	Sustainable Energy Futures, Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, South Africa; Environmental Resource Economics, Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, South Africa; Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies, School of Public Leadership, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Adeyemo, O., Sustainable Energy Futures, Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, South Africa; Wise, R., Environmental Resource Economics, Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, South Africa; Brent, A., Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies, School of Public Leadership, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	In this paper the impacts of biodiesel feedstock production in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa is assessed through the application of a Partial Equilibrium Model to the Eastern Cape Social Accounting Matrix, using canola production in the Province as an 'external shock'. Six economic indicators were estimated. The results show that investment in biodiesel production in the Eastern Cape will generate, in 2007 terms, an additional GDP of R18.1 million and 410 employment opportunities per annum, R24.3 million per annum over an assumed lifetime of 20 years in capital formation, R2.1 million additional income generated in low income households, increase in government revenue, and a positive balance of payment. These indicators imply that, given the parameters that are accounted for in a Partial Equilibrium Model, every Rand invested in canola projects in the Eastern Cape will, overall, be of socio-economic advantage to the Province. It is envisaged that further applications of such models may lead to a better understanding of the implications of biofuels in the South African economy, and thereby inform decision- and policy-making in terms of the sustainability of biofuels production systems in general.	Biodiesel; Biofuels; Economic modelling; External shock; Indicators; Partial equilibrium; Social accounting matrix	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901401678	Evaluation of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pattern and prevalence of beta-thalassaemia trait among sickle cell disease patients in Lagos, Nigeria	Adeyemo T., Ojewunmi O., Oyetunji A.	2014	Pan African Medical Journal	18	None	10.11604/pamj.2014.18.71.4239	Department of Haematology and Blood transfusion, University of Lagos, P.M.B 12003, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria; National Sickle Cell Centre, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria	Adeyemo, T., Department of Haematology and Blood transfusion, University of Lagos, P.M.B 12003, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria; Ojewunmi, O., National Sickle Cell Centre, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria; Oyetunji, A., Department of Haematology and Blood transfusion, University of Lagos, P.M.B 12003, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria	Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common inherited disorder of haemoglobin worldwide. This study evaluated the chromatographic patterns and red blood cell indices of sickle cell patients to determine the co-inheritance of other haemoglobin (Hb) variants and -thalassaemia trait in SCD patients in Nigeria. Methods: Red cell indices, blood film, sickle solubility test, Hb electrophoresis using alkaline cellulose acetate membrane, and chromatographic patterns using Bio Rad HPLC Variant II were evaluated for 180 subjects. Results: Based on low MCV<76fL and MCH<25 pg, in the presence of elevated A2 >4.0% on HPLC and Hb variants eluting outside the S and C windows, at least four haemoglobin phenotypes (SS: 87.7%; SC: 1.1%; SD Punjab: 0.6%; Sβ-thalassemia: 10.6%) were identified. Mean Hb F% was 8.1±5.1 (median 7.65) for Hb SS and 6.03±5.2 (median 3.9) for Hb Sβ-thalassemia trait. Majority of Hb SS (69.1%) had Hb F% less than 10 while 27.6% had 10-19.9 and 3.2% had ≥ 20. Mean Hb F% was higher in female Hb SS (9.55±5.09; mean age 7.4±3.8 years) than the males (7.63±4.80; mean age 6.9±3.8 years) (P=0.02). A borderline significant negative correlation between age and Hb F levels among Hb SS subjects (r= -0.169 P=0.038) was also observed. Conclusion: Our data suggests that α and β- thalassaemia traits, and other haemoglobin variants co-exist frequently with SCD in our population. © Titilope Adeyemo et al.	Foetal haemoglobin; Haemoglobin variants; HPLC; Hypochromia; Microcytosis; Nigerian patients; Sickle cell disease; Thalassaemia	hemoglobin F; hemoglobin beta chain; hemoglobin D Punjab; hemoglobin F; hemoglobin variant; adolescent; alpha thalassemia; article; child; controlled study; female; hemoglobin SD disease; high performance liquid chromatography; human; major clinical study; male; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume; Nigeria; prevalence; prospective study; sex difference; sickle cell beta thalassemia; Anemia, Sickle Cell; beta-Thalassemia; blood; clinical trial; comorbidity; developing country; genetics; hemoglobin determination; heterozygote; preschool child; procedures; sickle cell trait; Adolescent; Anemia, Sickle Cell; beta-Globins; beta-Thalassemia; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Comorbidity; Developing Countries; Erythrocyte Indices; Female; Fetal Hemoglobin; Hemoglobinometry; Hemoglobins, Abnormal; Heterozygote; Humans; Male; Nigeria; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Sickle Cell Trait	None
WoS	WOS:000316322300003	Economic Impacts of Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D) in the Sudan Savanna of Nigeria	Adekunle, Adolphus Adekunle,Adeyemo, Victoria Adeyemi,Akinola, Akinboye Adebayo,Ayanwale, Adeolu Babatunde	2013	AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT REVIEW-REVUE AFRICAINE DE DEVELOPPEMENT	25	1	10.1111/j.1467-8268.2013.12011.x	Obafemi Awolowo University, Forum Agr Res Africa	"Adeyemo, Victoria Adeyemi: Obafemi Awolowo University","Akinola, Akinboye Adebayo: Obafemi Awolowo University","Ayanwale, Adeolu Babatunde: Obafemi Awolowo University",	This paper assesses the potential economic impacts of Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D) conceived to address observed low productivity, prevailing poverty level, slow growth and general underperformance of the agricultural sector associated with the traditional agricultural and rural development (ARD) approach. The economic surplus analysis suggested that IAR4D research and extension, with respect to maize production, could achieve returns ranging from 30 to 38 per cent and a maximum adoption of 25 to 50 per cent for the conservative and baseline scenario, respectively. Similarly, with the same range of maximum adoption, the approach could yield returns ranging from 22 to 29 per cent for the conservative and baseline scenario, respectively in millet production. However, the same range of adoption could result in 29 to 37 per cent for the conservative and baseline scenario, respectively in sorghum production. The estimated benefits are sensitive to expected adoption rates but much less so to changes in research and extension costs. However, the estimates indicate that the production of all the crops was socially profitable under the IAR4D option. Our results were consistent with earlier economic analyses which showed that IAR4D was more productive, profitable and acceptable to farmers than the conventional Research for Development (R&amp;D) approach.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746559808	Clinical evaluation of post-extraction site wound healing	Adeyemo W.L., Ladeinde A.L., Ogunlewe M.O.	2006	Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice	7	3	None	Medical College of Dental Surgery in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Germany; Department of Oral, Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos/Lagos Universit	Adeyemo, W.L., Medical College of Dental Surgery in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Germany, Department of Oral, Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Ladeinde, A.L., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Ogunlewe, M.O., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery	Aim: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the clinical pattern of post-extraction wound healing with a view to identify the types, incidence, and pattern of healing complications following non-surgical tooth extraction. Study Design: A total of 311 patients, who were referred for non-surgical (intra-alveolar) extractions, were included in the study. The relevant pre-operative information recorded for each patient included age and gender of the patient, indications for extraction, and tooth/teeth removed. Extractions were performed under local anesthesia with dental forceps, elevators, or both. Patients were evaluated on the third and seventh postoperative days for alveolus healing assessment. Data recorded were: biodata, day of presentation for alveolus healing assessment, day of onset of any symptoms, body temperature (°C) in cases of alveolus infection, and presence or absence of pain. Results: Two hundred eighty-two patients (282) with 318 extraction sites were evaluated for alveolus healing. Healing was uneventful in 283 alveoli (89%), while 35 alveoli (11%) developed healing complications. These complications were: localized osteitis 26 (8.2%); acutely infected alveolus 5 (1.6%); and an acutely inflamed alveolus 4 (1.2%). Females developed more complications than males (p=0.003). Most complications were found in molars (60%) and premolars (37.1%). Localized osteitis caused severe pain in all cases, while infected and inflamed alveolus caused mild or no pain. Thirty patients (12%) among those without healing complications experienced mild pain. Conclusions: Most of the post-extraction alveoli healed uneventfully. Apart from alveolar osteitis (AO), post-extraction alveolus healing was also complicated by acutely infected alveoli and acutely inflamed alveoli. This study also demonstrated a painful alveolus is not necessarily a disturbance of post-extraction site wound healing; a thorough clinical examination must, therefore, be made to exclude any of the complications.	Alveoli; Evaluation; Healing; Post-extraction alveolus	adult; article; body temperature; controlled study; female; human; incidence; infection; major clinical study; male; molar tooth; osteitis; pain assessment; postoperative period; premolar tooth; symptomatology; tooth extraction; wound healing; adolescent; bone infection; chi square distribution; middle aged; physiology; postoperative complication; postoperative pain; prospective study; tooth pain; tooth socket; Adolescent; Adult; Bone Diseases, Infectious; Chi-Square Distribution; Dry Socket; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain, Postoperative; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Tooth Extraction; Tooth Socket; Wound Healing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899856102	The impact of technology innovation and R&D on firms' performance: An empirical analysis of Nigeria's service sector	Adeyeye A.D., Jegede O.O., Akinwale Y.O.	2013	International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development	6	4	10.1504/IJTLID.2013.060873	National Centre for Technology Management, Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adeyeye, A.D., National Centre for Technology Management, Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Jegede, O.O., National Centre for Technology Management, Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Akinwale, Y.O., National Centre for Technology Management, Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	This paper uses econometric model to analyse the impact of technological innovation and R&D on firm performance in the Nigerian service sector. The sector is attracting interest in policy circle because it has become the fastest growing sector globally. The analysis is based on data obtained from the Nigeria's innovation survey, 2008 undertaken among 500 enterprises in the service sector with about 41% response rate. The instrument was guided by the third edition of the Oslo Manual standardised through validation workshops under the NEPAD ASTII initiative. The result shows that technological acquisition, training and in-house R&D positively influence technological innovation while government support and embodied knowledge are insignificant. Also, technology innovation and R&D have positive impact on firms' performance. This paper offers an opportunity to understanding the impact of technology innovation and R&D on performance of service firms in developing country context. © 2013 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Econometric analysis; Firm performance; Nigeria; R&D; Service sector; Technology innovation	None	None
WoS	WOS:000282155200070	A proposed model for evaluating the success of WebCT course content management system	Adeyinka, Tella,Mutula, S.	2010	COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR	26	6	10.1016/j.chb.2010.07.007	University of Botswana, University of Ilorin	"Adeyinka, Tella: University of Ilorin","Mutula, S.: University of Botswana"	WebCT is an online course management system which is accessed through the portal. It has a wide range of tools which support teaching and learning and enable online delivery of lecture notes, representations, surveys and quizzes, coursework, discussion boards and much more. Evaluation of WebCT systems success or effectiveness is a fundamental challenge to education institutions. A review of previous e-learning research suggests a focused evaluation approach, thus offering limited discussion of comprehensive views of WebCT systems success or systematic and practical guidance to its evaluations. Based on a prevalent information systems success model, this paper proposes and describes a revised model for evaluating WebCT systems success in educational settings. The study findings suggest that content quality, system quality, support service quality, teaching and learning quality, self-regulated learning, intention to use/use, user satisfaction and net benefits are important factors for evaluating the success of WebCT CCMS. Implications of the proposed model for theory and practice were illustrated. In addition, future research directions that extend the reported study are also preferred. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	BOTSWANA,"Course content management system",e-learning,"Information Communication Technology (ICT)","INFORMATION SYSTEM SUCCESS",WebCT,DELONE,"EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE",INFORMATION-TECHNOLOGY,RESPECIFICATION,"USER ACCEPTANCE",VALIDATION	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923339760	Preparative isolation of bio-markers from the leaf exudate of Aloe ferox ("aloe bitters") by high performance counter-current chromatography	Adhami H.-R., Viljoen A.M.	2015	Phytochemistry Letters	11	None	10.1016/j.phytol.2014.07.001	Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Adhami, H.-R., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Viljoen, A.M., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	One of the most crucial factors determining the safety and efficacy of any herbal medicine or natural product-based formulation is the quality of the raw material. The absence of readily available bio-markers (standards) is one of the hurdles which need to be overcome to develop robust and effective quality control protocols. Aloe ferox Mill. is a most coveted ethnomedicinally import plant indigenous to South Africa. A. ferox has been used since ancient times in folk medicine and recently it has gained popularity as an ingredient in cosmetic formulations and food supplements. This study aimed to develop a superior method for the isolation of bio-markers from "aloe bitters" (exudate) obtained from A. ferox. For separation by HPCCC the solvent system comprising of EtOAc/n-BuOH/H2O (3.5:1.5:5, v/v/v) was used in reversed phase mode. By this method, and only in one run, eight bio-markers were separated and isolated on semi-preparative scale including aloesin, aloeresin C, aloeresin A, 5-hydroxyaloin, aloin B, aloinoside B, aloin A and aloinoside A. The isolation of bio-active molecules from A. ferox (Cape aloes) is presented to illustrate the efficiency and advantages of high performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC). © 2014 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Aloe ferox; Aloeresin A; Aloesin; Aloin A and B; chromatography; High performance counter-current	5 hydroxyaloin; aloeresin a; aloeresin c; aloesin; aloin; aloinoside a; aloinoside b; biological marker; biological product; herbaceous agent; solvent; unclassified drug; Aloe; Aloe ferox; Article; biological activity; counter current chromatography; drug isolation; herbal medicine; high performance counter current chromatography; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant exudate; plant leaf; priority journal; reproducibility; solvent extraction; South Africa; Aloe; Aloe ferox	National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879129701	Evaluation of coagulation parameters and liver enzymes among alcohol drinkers in Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Adias T.C., Egerton E., Erhabor O.	2013	International Journal of General Medicine	6	None	10.2147/IJGM.S43472	Bayelsa College of Health Technology, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo Univers	Adias, T.C., Bayelsa College of Health Technology, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Egerton, E., Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Erhabor, O., Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria	Alcohol is a major contributor to the global burden of disease, disability, and death in high, middle, and low-income countries. Harmful use of alcohol is one of the main factors contributing to premature deaths and avoidable disease burden worldwide and has a major impact on public health. The aim of this present cross-sectional study was to investigate the effect of alcohol consumption on coagulation parameters and liver enzymes of subjects in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Two hundred adults consisting of 120 alcohol dependent subjects and 80 age, gender-matched nondrinkers aged 25-65 years (mean age 45.25 ± 11.50 years) were enrolled in this study. Of the 120 chronic alcohol drinkers, 37 were dependent on local dry gin, while 83 were dependent on other alcoholic beverages. The mean values of the liver enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transferase, were significantly higher (P = 0.002 and P = 0.02 respectively) among the chronic alcohol consumers compared with their nondrinker counterparts. Although the value of alanine aminotransferase was higher in the chronic drinkers, it did not reveal any significant difference (P = 0.11). The coagulation parameters, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were investigated among chronic drinkers and nondrinkers. The mean value of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time was significantly higher in the chronic alcohol drinkers compared to the nondrinkers (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02 respectively). We observed a positive and significant correlation between values of liver enzymes, serum gamma glutamyl transferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and values of prothrombin time among alcohol consumers (r = 0.72 and r = 0.68 respectively). The implementation of policies to target harm reduction strategies among alcoholics is urgently needed, alongside the building of a strong base of public awareness and community support required for the continuity and sustainability of alcohol policies. There is also the need for the Nigerian government to enforce tighter regulations and restrictions on the production and distribution of alcoholic beverages to reduce harmful use, and protect young people and other vulnerable groups. © 2013 Adias et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.	Chronic alcoholics; Coagulation parameters; Liver enzymes; Nigeria; Port harcourt	alanine aminotransferase; aspartate aminotransferase; gamma glutamyltransferase; adult; aged; alanine aminotransferase blood level; alcohol consumption; alcoholic beverage; alcoholism; article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; blood clotting parameters; controlled study; cross-sectional study; drinking behavior; female; gamma glutamyl transferase blood level; gin; human; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; partial thromboplastin time; prothrombin time	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884124849	The impact of pharmaceutical care intervention on the quality of life of nigerian patients receiving treatment for type 2 diabetes	Adibe M.O., Ukwe C.V., Aguwa C.N.	2013	Value in Health Regional Issues	2	2	10.1016/j.vhri.2013.06.007	Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Pharmacotherapeutic Group, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria	Adibe, M.O., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria, Pharmacotherapeutic Group, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Ukwe, C.V., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria, Pharmacotherapeutic Group, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Aguwa, C.N., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria, Pharmacotherapeutic Group, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria	Objectives: To evaluate the impact of pharmaceutical care (PC) intervention on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This study was a randomized, controlled study with a 12-month patient follow-up. The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethical Committees of the institutions in which this study was conducted. A total of 110 patients were randomly assigned to each of the "intervention" (PC) and "control" (usual care [UC]) groups. Patients in the UC group received the usual/conventional care offered by the hospitals. Patients in the PC group received UC and additional PC for 12 months. The HUI23S4EN.40Q (developed by HUInc - Mark index 2&3) questionnaire was used to assess the HRQOL of the patients at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Two-sample comparisons were made by using Student's t tests for normally distributed variables or Mann-Whitney U tests for nonnormally distributed data at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Comparisons of proportions were done by using the chi-square test. Results: The overall HRQOL (0.86 ± 0.12 vs. 0.64 ± 0.10; P < 0.0001) and single attributes except "hearing" functioning of the patients were significantly improved at 12 months in the PC intervention arm when compared with the UC arm. The HRQOL utility score was highly negatively (deficit ≥10%) associated with increasing age (≥52 years), diabetes duration (>4 years), emergency room visits, comorbidity of hypertension, and stroke in both PC and UC groups. Conclusion: Addition of PC to UC improved the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. © 2013 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR).	HRQOL; Patients with diabetes; Pharmaceutical care intervention; Quality of life; Usual care	adult; article; cerebrovascular accident; chi square test; comorbidity; controlled study; disease duration; emergency care; eye disease; female; follow up; human; hypertension; longitudinal study; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; patient care; pharmaceutical care; priority journal; prospective study; quality of life; questionnaire; randomized controlled trial; rank sum test; Student t test	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926292174	Evaluation of information contained in drug advertisement and promotion materials in Nigeria	Adibe M.O., Igboeli N.U., Ubaka C.M., Udeogaranya P.O., Onwudiwe N.P., Ita O.O.	2015	Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research	14	3	10.4314/tjpr.v14i3.25	Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Adibe, M.O., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Igboeli, N.U., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ubaka, C.M., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Udeogaranya, P.O., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Onwudiwe, N.P., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ita, O.O., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Purpose: To evaluate the physical characteristics (size, legibility or readability) and the completeness of information in drug package leaflets/inserts and drug promotional brochures in Nigeria. Methods: Three hundred materials (drug information leaflets and brochures) were collected from various community pharmacies, private and governmental clinics and from various pharmaceutical distributor or representatives from different states of Nigeria. Two independent panels sorted and evaluated the information found in them and differences were resolved by consensus. Results: This study revealed that 80.7% of the materials evaluated were leaflets while brochures accounted for 18%. The physical characteristics of the materials showed that 58.7, 31.3 and 89.0% of the materials were sizeable, readable/legible and had adequate color contrast respectively. Most of the materials were written in English (78.7%), English and French 17.3%, English and Arabic accounted for only 4%. Description of indications for which the drugs were used was mentioned in 30.3% of materials. Other contents of the materials were mechanism of action (70.3%), overdoses information (55.0%), drug interaction (51.3%), pharmacokinetics (36.3%) and revision date of the information (21.0%). Conclusion: This study reveals that advertising materials used in promoting drugs in Nigeria have incomplete information and the physical characteristics of the materials are not adequate. It seems that drug industries at present mainly aim at increasing sales rather than promoting health care. Information in some pharmaceutical brochures exaggerated the benefits of the drug and downplayed risks associated with the drugs. © Pharmacotherapy Group.	Advertizing materials; Drug information; Drug leaflet; Drug promotion brochure; Nigeria	advertizing; Article; consensus; data analysis; drug contraindication; drug industry; drug information; drug marketing; drug mechanism; drug packaging; English as a second language; health promotion; Nigeria; reading; storage	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931031651	Evaluation of intensity of urinary schistosomiasis in biase and yakurr local government areas of cross river state, nigeria after two years of integrated control measures	Adie H.A., Oyo-Ita A., Okon O.E., Arong G.A., Atting I.A., Braide E.I., Nebe O., Emanghe U.E., Otu A.A.	2015	Research Journal of Parasitology	10	2	10.3923/jp.2015.58.65	Ministry of Health, Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Uyo/University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria; Federal Univer	Adie, H.A., Ministry of Health, Calabar, Nigeria; Oyo-Ita, A., Ministry of Health, Calabar, Nigeria; Okon, O.E., Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Nigeria; Arong, G.A., Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Nigeria; Atting, I.A., Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Uyo/University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria; Braide, E.I., Federal University, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Nebe, O., Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria; Emanghe, U.E., Department of Medical Microbiology/Parasitology, University of Calabar, Nigeria; Otu, A.A., Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	A parasitological mapping of urinary schistosomiasis using filtration method was conducted in Biase and Yakurr LGAs of Cross River State, Nigeria by the Neglected Tropical Diseases Control unit in collaboration with the schistosomiasis/soil transmitted helminths unit of the Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria in November 2012. The results of the study revealed a mean urinary schistosomiasis prevalence of 49% for the six schools under study in Biase and 30% for the six schools under study in Yakurr LGA. The mean ova load was 0.9 for males and 0.8 for females in the two LGAs. Integrated control measures put in place, included chemotherapy of infected individuals with praziquantel and health education on the predisposing factors responsible for the transmission of urinary schistosomiasis. An evaluation of the interventions was carried out in November 2014, after two rounds of treatment with Praziquantel and intensive education were given. Urine samples were collected from 600 school children, 300 from each of the two LGAs. The evaluation study using the urine filtration technique revealed a mean schistosomiasis prevalence of 0% for the six schools under study in Biase and 0.02% for the six schools under study in Yakurr LGA with mean ova load reduced to 0.3 for males and 0 for females in the two LGAs. Data analysis with SPSS package revealed a 100% participation of all selected school children in 12 schools (6 in each LGA). Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the prevalence between male and female (p>0.005). A student t-test showed a significant difference between prevalence rates in 2012 and the results in 2014 (p>0.005). The spatial distribution showed that endemic schools were distributed within marshy areas where rice was cultivated in the two LGAs. These results showed that with wide scale integrated control measures, urinary schistosomiasis can be eliminated or reduced to a disease of no public health importance. © 2015, Academic Journals Inc.	Evaluation; Integrated control measures; Intensity; Urinary schistosomiasis	praziquantel; adolescent; Article; child; disease predisposition; drug efficacy; female; health education; human; infection control; infection rate; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; parasite load; parasite transmission; prevalence; schistosomiasis; school child; student; treatment duration; urinalysis; Vermes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888134062	Pervasive, long-lasting impact of historical logging on composition, diversity and above ground carbon stocks in Afrotemperate forest	Adie H., Rushworth I., Lawes M.J.	2013	Forest Ecology and Management	310	None	10.1016/j.foreco.2013.09.037	School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Ecological Advice Division, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, PO Box 13053, Cascades 3202, South Africa; Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia	Adie, H., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Rushworth, I., Ecological Advice Division, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, PO Box 13053, Cascades 3202, South Africa; Lawes, M.J., Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia	Understanding the rate and extent of forest recovery from major disturbance events enable forest managers to establish conservation priorities and allocate limited resources for their management. We examined the extent to which Afrotemperate forest has recovered from widespread, stand-levelling logging that followed the European settlement of south eastern South Africa approximately 150years ago. We used plot-based tree census data to compare ecological characteristics (diversity, composition, structure) of primary, secondary and degraded Afrotemperate forests. Forests impacted by colonial logging events show no evidence of converging on the composition and above ground standing stock of old-growth forests. Primary forest canopies were dominated by two conifer species (Podocarpaceae) and a suite of long-lived pioneer angiosperms dominated the canopies of secondary forests. Old-growth canopy trees (≥20cmdbh) were taller (~26m vs ~16m) and had broader girths (~94cm vs ~54cm) compared with those in secondary forest. Canopy tree size differences translated to considerable (2 to 3-fold) differences in above ground carbon: we estimated that primary forest stores &gt;240MgCha-1 compared with the range of 80.7-114.3MgCha-1 estimated for the two secondary forests and 84.3MgCha-1 for the degraded forest. Measures of rarefied species richness and diversity (Shannon exponential) were markedly lower for primary forest canopy trees, consistent with the proposition that the composition of Afrotemperate forests converges on podocarp dominance at the old-growth stage. In contrast, diversity measures for small (2.5-10.0cmdbh) and medium (10.1-19.9cmdbh) trees were noticeably higher in secondary and degraded forests indicating the considerable conservation value of these formerly disturbed forests. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Above ground biomass; Degradation; Forest recovery; Podocarpaceae; Primary forest; Secondary forest	Above ground biomass; Forest recovery; Podocarpaceae; Primary forest; Secondary forests; Carbon; Conservation; Degradation; Population statistics; Recovery; Secondary recovery; Forestry; aboveground biomass; community composition; coniferous tree; environmental degradation; forest canopy; forest management; logging (timber); old-growth forest; secondary forest; species diversity; temperate forest; Biomass; Carbon; Conservation; Degradation; Forestry; Coniferophyta; Magnoliophyta; Podocarpaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745821549	Evaluation of mucin as a release enhancer for rectal delivery of glibenclamide	Adikwu M.U., Okafor J.O.	2006	Current Drug Delivery	3	3	10.2174/156720106777731064	Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	Adikwu, M.U., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Okafor, J.O., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	In this work mucin was evaluated as a release and absorption enhancer for glibenclamide from rectal glycerogelatin suppository. Glycerogelatin suppositories containing different ratios of glibenclamide to I-mucin (insoluble), S-mucin (soluble) and sodium salicylate respectively, were formulated using the fusion method. The suppositories were evaluated using standard parameters. Release studies were carried out in phosphate buffer (pH 7.6). The pharmacodynamic (PD) evaluation of the formulations was carried out on normoglycaemic albino rats. The results of the physical tests showed that the suppositories possessed high resistance to rupture and had uniformity of weight and drug contents. The erosion times of the suppositories with I-mucin, S-mucin and sodium salicylate were shorter than glycerogelatin suppositories BP without any release enhancer (control). Analysis of the release data showed that the release pattern was bi-phasic with initial fast release and subsequent slow release of the glibenclamide from the suppositories. The release mechanism followed first order kinetics. All the suppositories containing either S-mucin, I-mucin or sodium salicylate showed better glibenclamide release than the control without any release enhancer (p < 0.05). The pharmacodynamic studies showed that the overall glucose lowering effect in rats was greater in S-mucin suppositories than in sodium salicylate and I-mucin suppositories. The results of this study indicated that mucin extracted from Bovine spp. could be used to enhance the release and subsequent absorption of glibenclamide from rectal glycerolgelatin suppositories. © 2006 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.	Evaluation; Glibenclamide; Mucin; Rectal delivery; Release enhancer; Suppository	glibenclamide; mucin; salicylate sodium; article; controlled study; drug effect; drug release; female; hyperglycemia; kinetics; male; nonhuman; priority journal; rat; suppository; weight; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Administration, Rectal; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Drug Delivery Systems; Female; Gelatin; Glyburide; Glycerol; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Mucins; Rats; Sodium Salicylate; Suppositories; Swine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947867679	Impact of the productive safety net program on farmers' investments in sustainable land management in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia	Adimassu Z., Kessler A.	2015	Environmental Development	16	None	10.1016/j.envdev.2015.06.015	International Water Management Institute (IWMI), PO Box: 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Wageningen University and Research Center, Soil Physics and Land Management (SLM) Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, Netherlands	Adimassu, Z., International Water Management Institute (IWMI), PO Box: 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Kessler, A., Wageningen University and Research Center, Soil Physics and Land Management (SLM) Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, Netherlands	This study assesses the impact of the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) on farmers' investments in sustainable land management (SLM) practices in the Central Rift Valley (CRV) of Ethiopia. Primary data were collected using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire for a sample of 159 households (82 PSNP participants and 77 non-participants) in four kebeles (the lowest administrative unit in Ethiopia) of two weredas (districts). Using a cross-sectional household survey, propensity score matching (PSM) was used to assess the impact of PSNP on households' investments in soil erosion control and soil fertility management. The PSM results show that the control group of households (non-participants in PSNP) invested more in soil erosion control measures as compared to the treated group of households (participants in PSNP). On the contrary, however, the treated group of households significantly invested more in soil fertility management practices (e.g. inorganic fertilizer and compost) as compared to the control group of households. The negative impact of PSNP on households' investments in soil erosion control in the treated group of farmers is related to their high labor investment in public works, which is not the case for the non-participants in PSNP. This implies that PSNP should pay more attention to capacity building and awareness raising, which requires a restructuring of the program that would benefit long-term and more sustainable impact on reducing food insecurity and enhancing natural resources in the CRV of Ethiopia. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Central Rift Valley; Food security; Productive Safety Net; Propensity score matching; Sustainable land management	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931363521	Clients' perceptions of architect performance on building projects in Ghana	Adinyira E., Dafeamekpor C.A.	2015	Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice	141	3	10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000218	Dept. of Building Technology, KNUST-Kumasi, Ghana; Ghana Education Trust Fund, 42nd 4th Close Airport Residential Area, Accra, Ghana	Adinyira, E., Dept. of Building Technology, KNUST-Kumasi, Ghana; Dafeamekpor, C.A., Ghana Education Trust Fund, 42nd 4th Close Airport Residential Area, Accra, Ghana	This paper aims to establish clients' perception of the performance of architects on building projects in Ghana. It reports on a survey of both public and private clients of recently completed building projects in two major metropolitan areas of the country. Data from the survey were analyzed by first computing performance indexes and subsequently comparing similarities and differences between results obtained for the two sector clients. The results showed that private sector clients are likely to be more concerned with cost, while public sector clients are more concerned with buildability of design. A total of 71% of the 28 architect performance assessment criteria identified from literature were similarly selected by both sectors with respect to importance of the criteria. Using these, both public and private sector clients were asked to assess the performance of their architects. The results showed that architects were perceived to perform better on public sector building projects than on private sector ones. Their performance on 25% of the performance assessment criteria employed was indicated as being statistically different. The study also revealed that clients expected their architects to improve their performance significantly in approximately 82% of the 28 performance assessment criteria used in the study. The results from this study provide vital feedback to architects on their perceived performance on building projects in Ghana. On a broader level, the paper offers practicing architects some useful feedback that will allow for correction of misconceptions about their true role so as to improve on their relationship with project clients for improved project delivery. © 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.	Architect performance; Building project; Client perception; Ghana	Buildings; Surveys; Architect performance; Building projects; Client perception; Computing performance; Ghana; Perceived performance; Performance assessment; Public and private sector; Architecture	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054814349	Evaluation of two methods of preoperative hair removal and their relationship to postoperative wound infection	Adisa A.O., Lawal O.O., Adejuyigbe O.	2011	Journal of Infection in Developing Countries	5	10	None	Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adisa, A.O., Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Lawal, O.O., Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adejuyigbe, O., Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Introduction: When a surgical operation is to be conducted through a hair bearing part of the body, hair removal is often performed. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of two methods of preoperative hair removal to postoperative wound infection in a developing country where razor shaving is very popular. Methodology: Consecutive consenting patients scheduled to have such operations were randomized into two groups. One group had hair removal by shaving with a razor blade while the other had hair removed by depilatory cream. Adequacy of hair removal and presence of skin injuries and/or reactions were noted preoperatively. Details of the procedures were recorded and patients were then assessed for postoperative wound infection. Results: A total of 165 patients were studied. Of the 79 patients who had hair removal by depilatory cream, hair was completely removed in 70 (88.6%) compared to 53 (61.6%) of the 86 patients who had razor hair shaving (p < 0.0001). Skin injuries were noted in 24 (27.9%) of the razor group and 3 (3.8%) of patients who had depilatory cream, (p = 0.001). Thirteen patients (7.9%) had postoperative wound infection including 2 (2.5%) in the depilatory cream group and 11 (12.8%) of the razor group. A significant association was found between preoperative skin injuries and postoperative wound infections. Conclusion: Preoperative hair removal with razor shaving predisposes to skin injuries which in turn significantly influence postoperative wound infection rates. Such injuries and resultant wound infection are fewer when depilatory cream is used for hair removal. © 2011 Adisa et al.	Hair removal; Postoperative wound infection; Surgery	adolescent; adult; aged; article; female; human; infection prevention; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; male; preoperative hair removal; preoperative period; skin injury; surgical infection; surgical technique; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Hair Removal; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Preoperative Care; Prevalence; Skin; Surgical Wound Infection; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939881225	Impact of introduction of laparoscopic surgery on management of unresolved intra-abdominal malignancies in a West African hospital	Adisa A.O., Lawal O.O., Adesunkanmi A.-R.K., Adejuyigbe O.	2015	World Journal of Surgery	38	10	10.1007/s00268-014-2618-8	Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adisa, A.O., Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Lawal, O.O., Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adesunkanmi, A.-R.K., Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adejuyigbe, O., Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Background: Intra-abdominal malignancies often pose diagnostic problems to surgeons in resource-challenged centers such as ours due to limitations in modern imaging and other facilities. This prompted the adoption of laparoscopy in our hospital as an adjunctive tool in diagnosing these conditions. Method: Pre- and per-operative data of consecutive cases of clinically unresolved advanced intra-abdominal tumors subjected to laparoscopy from January 2009 through June 2013 were reviewed. Anatomic diagnosis and tissue biopsies were carried out during the procedures. Results: Of the 152 patients seen with intra-abdominal tumors, 74 (48.7 %) had advanced conditions that could not be resolved clinically. Of these, 33 (44.6 %) were able to afford and had computed tomography (CT), scan while the remaining (N = 41; 55.4 %) less endowed only had an ultrasound scan. This cohort underwent laparoscopic evaluation, and biopsies confirmed the following: 27 (36.5 %) metastatic adenocarcinomas, 12 (16.2 %) primary hepatic malignancies, 11 (14.9 %) cases each of lymphomas and colonic adenocarcinomas, 4 (5.4 %) gastrointestinal stromal tumors, 3 (4.1 %) pancreatic carcinomas, 2 (2.7 %) cases each of carcinoid tumors and abdominal tuberculosis, and one case each of schistosomiasis and HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Additionally, 26 (35.1 %) had ascites, while 29 (39.1 %) had peritoneal surface malignancies. With local adaptations and improvisations, laparoscopy was cheaper than an abdominal CT scan in our setting, with the additional benefit of obtaining tissue diagnosis to institute treatment. Conclusion: Although laparoscopy is commonly used for staging intra-abdominal tumors, we found it useful in complementing clinical diagnosis and attaining histopathological confirmation in a setting where access to and funding of modern imaging is limited. © 2014 Société Internationale de Chirurgie.	None	Abdominal Neoplasms; adult; adverse effects; aged; cancer staging; carcinoma; computer assisted tomography; developing country; economics; female; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; hospital; human; laparoscopy; lymphoma; male; middle aged; Nigeria; pathology; sarcoma; Abdominal Neoplasms; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma; Developing Countries; Female; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; Hospitals; Humans; Laparoscopy; Lymphoma; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Nigeria; Sarcoma; Tomography, X-Ray Computed	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954470591	Evaluation of prescription pattern and patients’ opinion on healthcare practices in selected primary healthcare facilities in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria	Adisa R., Fakeye T.O., Aindero V.O.	2015	African Health Sciences	15	4	10.4314/ahs.v15i4.35	Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adisa, R., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Fakeye, T.O., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Aindero, V.O., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Background: Inappropriate prescribing negatively impacts on health and economy of individual and the society. Objectives: To evaluate the prescribing patterns and patients’ opinions on healthcare practices in selected primary healthcare centres (PHC) in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out among patients and healthcare workers in selected PHCs using semi-structured questionnaires. Also, patients’ prescription records were reviewed using the WHO-prescribing indicators. Results: About one-half (210; 52.5%) were very satisfied with convenience of obtaining prescribed medicines in the PHCs, accessibility of PHC to abode (158;39.5%) and affordable medications (136;34.0%). Patients were dissatisfied with follow-up of care (191; 47.8%), courtesy of workers (184; 46.3%) and non-availability of medicines (138;34.5%). Number of drugs per encounter was 5.8±2.3 and % encounter with an antibiotic was >26.8% in each facility. Hematinics accounted for (814; 35.0%), analgesics (544; 23.4%), antimicrobials (303;13.0%) and antihypertensives (5; 0.2%). Conclusion: Primary healthcare attendees were satisfied with medication costs affordability and accessibility of PHC to abode but expressed dissatisfaction with follow-up of care and courtesy of workers. Also, inappropriate prescriptions characterized by polypharmacy and overuse of antibiotics were common underscoring the need for regular training of PHC workers on rational drug use and instituting appropriate measures for improvement. © 2015, Makerere University, Medical School. All rights reserved.	Healthcare workers; Prescribing patterns; Primary healthcare	amoxicillin; amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid; ampicillin; ampicillin plus cloxacillin; artesunate; ascorbic acid; cefalexin; cefixime; cefuroxime; ciprofloxacin; cotrimoxazole; cyanocobalamin; diclofenac; doxycycline; erythromycin; ferrous sulfate; folic acid; gentamicin; ibuprofen; magnesium trisilicate; metronidazole; multivitamin; ofloxacin; paracetamol; procaine penicillin; sulfadimidine; tetracycline; unindexed drug; vitamin B complex; zinc sulfate; adolescent; adult; Article; cross-sectional study; drug cost; drug use; female; health care delivery; health care facility; health care practice; human; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; patient satisfaction; polypharmacy; prescription; prospective study	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879725149	Impact of improved technologies on small-scale soybean production: Empirical evidence from Benue state, Nigeria	Adisa R.S., Balogun K.S.	2013	Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences	50	2	None	Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	Adisa, R.S., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Balogun, K.S., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	The study examined the impact of improved technologies on the lives of small-scale soybean farmers in Benue State, Nigeria. A total of 160 respondents were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Tobit model and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Findings revealed that 35.6% of the respondents were between 31 and 40 years old, 40.6% had household size of between 6 and 10 members. Majority of the respondents were male, married, and had secondary school education. Tobit analysis revealed that farmers' socioeconomic characteristics which include gender, educational status and farming experience; and farmers' knowledge on soybean innovations were significant factors determining the adoption of improved soybean production technologies. These factors were statistically significant at p=0.05. The adoption of improved soybean technologies has had a clear positive impact on farmers' belief on soybean innovations. The major problems facing farmers in the adoption of improved soybean production technologies according to Kruskal-Wallis ranking were high cost of inputs, problem of labour availability and lack of credit/loan. The results of this study provide a strong case for the promotion of soybean as a solution for malnutrition and a means of poverty alleviation for poor people.	Impact; Improved technologies; Small-scale farmers; Soybean innovation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39849103457	Farmers' agronomic and social evaluation of productivity, yield and N 2-fixation in different cowpea varieties and their subsequent residual N effects on a succeeding maize crop	Adjei-Nsiah S., Kuyper T.W., Leeuwis C., Abekoe M.K., Cobbinah J., Sakyi-Dawson O., Giller K.E.	2008	Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems	80	3	10.1007/s10705-007-9133-3	Agricultural Research Centre-Kade, Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands; P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Communication and Innovation Studies Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana; Department of Agricultural Extension, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	Adjei-Nsiah, S., Agricultural Research Centre-Kade, Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Kuyper, T.W., Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Leeuwis, C., Communication and Innovation Studies Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Abekoe, M.K., Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Cobbinah, J., Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana; Sakyi-Dawson, O., Department of Agricultural Extension, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Giller, K.E., Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	Cowpea-maize rotations form an important component of the farming systems of smallholder farmers in the forest/savannah transitional agro-ecological zone of Ghana. We evaluated five cowpea varieties for grain yield, N 2-fixation, biomass production, and contribution to productivity of subsequent maize grown in rotation. We further analyzed the interrelationship between these technical dimensions and the social acceptability of these cowpea varieties for farmers. Cowpea grain yield ranged between 1.1 and 1.4 t ha -1 with no significant yield differences among the different varieties. Using the 15N natural abundance technique, the average proportion of N2 fixed ranged between 61% for Ayiyi and 77% for Legon prolific. This resulted in average amounts of N2 fixed in above-ground biomass ranging between 32 and 67 kg N ha-1, respectively. Variation in estimates due to differences in δ15N among reference plants were larger than differences between cowpea varieties. The amount of soil-derived N ranged from 15 to 20 kg N ha-1. The above-ground net N contribution of the cowpea varieties to the soil (after adjusting for N export in grains) was highest for Legon Prolific (31 kg N ha-1) due to high N2-fixation and high leaf biomass production. Maize grain yield after cowpea without application of mineral N fertilizer ranged between 0.4 t ha-1 with maize after maize to 1.5 t ha-1 with Legon Prolific. The N fertilizer equivalence values for the cowpea varieties ranged between 18 and 60 kg N ha-1. IT810D-1010 was ranked by the farmers as the most preferred cowpea variety due to its white seed type, short-duration, ease of harvesting and good market value. Despite the high leaf biomass production and high amount of N2 fixed by Legon Prolific, it was generally the least preferred variety due to lower market price, late maturity, least potential cash income (due to the red mottled seed type) and difficulty in harvesting. Although farmers recognized the contribution of cowpea to soil fertility and yields of subsequent maize, they did not consider this as an important criterion for varietal selection. Soil fertility improvement must be considered as an additional benefit rather than a direct selection criterion when designing more sustainable smallholder farming systems. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	15N natural abundance; Crop rotations; Forage cowpea; Marketability	aboveground biomass; agricultural management; agroecology; crop production; crop rotation; crop yield; farmers knowledge; farming system; legume; maize; nitrogen fixation; Africa; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Zea mays	None
WoS	WOS:000208160000018	Providing free maternal health care: ten lessons from an evaluation of the national delivery exemption policy in Ghana	Adjei, Sam,Armar-Klemesu, Margaret,Graham, Wendy,Witter, Sophie	2009	GLOBAL HEALTH ACTION	2	None	10.3402/gha.v2i0.1881	Ghana Health Service, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Aberdeen	"Adjei, Sam: Ghana Health Service","Armar-Klemesu, Margaret: Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research","Graham, Wendy: University of Aberdeen","Witter, Sophie: University of Aberdeen"	Background: There is a growing movement, globally and in the Africa region, to reduce financial barriers to health care generally, but with particular emphasis on high priority services and vulnerable groups. Objective: This article reports on the experience of implementing a national policy to exempt women from paying for delivery care in public, mission and private health facilities in Ghana. Design: Using data from a complex evaluation which was carried out in 2005-2006, lessons are drawn which can inform other countries starting or planning to implement similar service-based exemption policies. Results: On the positive side, the experience of Ghana suggests that delivery exemptions can be effective and cost-effective, and that despite being universal in application, they can benefit the poor. However, certain 'negative' lessons are also drawn from the Ghana case study, particularly on the need for adequate funding, and for strong institutional ownership. It is also important to monitor the financial transfers which reach households, to ensure that providers are passing on benefits in full, while being adequately reimbursed themselves for their loss of revenue. Careful consideration should also be given to staff motivation and the role of different providers, as well as quality of care constraints, when designing the exemptions policy. All of this should be supported by a proactive approach to monitoring and evaluation. Conclusion: The recent movement towards making delivery care free to all women is a bold and timely action which is supported by evidence from within and beyond Ghana. However, the potential for this to translate into reduced mortality for mothers and babies fundamentally depends on the effectiveness of its implementation.	EQUITY,evaluation,EXEMPTIONS,GHANA,"health financing","MATERNAL HEALTH"	None	None
None	None	The ECOWAS court as a human rights promoter? Assessing five years' impact of the Koraou Slavery judgment	Adjolohoun H.S.	2013	Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights	31	3	None	Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Adjolohoun, H.S., Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria, South Africa	The 2005 reform initiated by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) had the double effect of putting an end to ten years of judicial lethargy and positioning its Community Court of Justice (ECCJ) as a promising international human rights body. One of the most illustrative cases of the Court's impact is the landmark Koraou (Slavery) judgment in which the ECCJ condemned Niger for failing to protect the complainant from enslavement by a third party. Five years after the Koraou decision, this paper uses empirical based theories, case study and factual evidence to interrogate whether the ECCJ's judgment has had any further effect than just restoring the dignity of an individual litigant. Such assessment is important to thousands of other human beings who still live in bondage in the rest of the region. Ultimately, the paper seeks to demonstrate that although it has not reached the irradiating model of the European Court of Human Rights, the ECCJ has the potential of becoming a human rights promoter in the region and beyond. © Netherlands Institute of Human Rights (SIM), Printed in the Netherlands.	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000274115900013	The impact of immunization on the association between poverty and child survival: Evidence from Kassena-Nankana District of northern Ghana	Adjuik, Martin,Bawah, Ayaga A.,Binka, Fred N.,MacLeod, Bruce,Phillips, James F.,Vaughan-Smith, Maya	2010	SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH	38	1	10.1177/1403494809352532	Columbia University, Navrongo Health Research Center, University of Ghana, University of Maine System, University of Southern Maine, INDEPTH Network	"Adjuik, Martin: Navrongo Health Research Center","Binka, Fred N.: University of Ghana","MacLeod, Bruce: University of Maine System","MacLeod, Bruce: University of Southern Maine","Phillips, James F.: Columbia University",	Background: Research conducted in Africa has consistently demonstrated that parental poverty and low educational attainment adversely affect child survival. Research conducted elsewhere has demonstrated that low-cost vaccines against preventable diseases reduce childhood mortality. Therefore, the extension of vaccination to impoverished populations is widely assumed to diminish equity effects. Recent evidence that childhood mortality is increasing in many countries where vaccination programmes are active challenges this assumption. Data and methods: This paper marshals data from accurate and complete immunization records and survival histories for 18,368 children younger than five years in a rural northern Ghanaian population that is generally impoverished, but where family wealth and parental educational differentials exist nonetheless. Time-conditional Weibull hazard models are estimated to test the hypothesis that childhood immunization offsets the detrimental effects of poverty and low educational attainment. Conclusions: Findings show that the adverse effects of poverty disappear and that the effects of educational attainment are reduced in survival models that control for immunization status. This finding lends empirical support to policies that promote immunization as a strategic component of poverty-reduction programmes.	"CHILD SURVIVAL",HEALTH,IMMUNIZATION,POVERTY,AFRICA,GUINEA-BISSAU,MORTALITY,"NAVRONGO EXPERIMENT"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84936756651	Discordant Impact of HLA on Viral Replicative Capacity and Disease Progression in Pediatric and Adult HIV Infection	Adland E., Paioni P., Thobakgale C., Laker L., Mori L., Muenchhoff M., Csala A., Clapson M., Flynn J., Novelli V., Hurst J., Naidoo V., Shapiro R., Huang K.-H.G., Frater J., Prendergast A., Prado J.G., Ndung’u T., Walker B.D., Carrington M., Jooste P., Go	2015	PLoS Pathogens	11	6	10.1371/journal.ppat.1004954	Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom; HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Paediatric Department, Kimberley Hospital, Northern Cape, South Africa; Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; The Institute for Emerging Infections, The Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom; Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Centre for Paediatrics, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe; AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany; Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States	Adland, E., Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom; Paioni, P., Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom; Thobakgale, C., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Laker, L., Paediatric Department, Kimberley Hospital, Northern Cape, South Africa; Mori, L., Paediatric Department, Kimberley Hospital, Northern Cape, South Africa; Muenchhoff, M., Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom, HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Csala, A., Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom; Clapson, M., Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Flynn, J., Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Novelli, V., Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; Hurst, J., The Institute for Emerging Infections, The Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom; Naidoo, V., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Shapiro, R., Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Huang, K.-H.G., The Institute for Emerging Infections, The Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom; Frater, J., The Institute for Emerging Infections, The Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom; Prendergast, A., Centre for Paediatrics, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom, Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe; Prado, J.G., AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Ndung’u, T., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States, KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany; Walker, B.D., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Carrington, M., The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States; Jooste, P., Paediatric Department, Kimberley Hospital, Northern Cape, South Africa; Goulder, P.J.R., Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom, HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom	HLA class I polymorphism has a major influence on adult HIV disease progression. An important mechanism mediating this effect is the impact on viral replicative capacity (VRC) of the escape mutations selected in response to HLA-restricted CD8+ T-cell responses. Factors that contribute to slow progression in pediatric HIV infection are less well understood. We here investigate the relationship between VRC and disease progression in pediatric infection, and the effect of HLA on VRC and on disease outcome in adult and pediatric infection. Studying a South African cohort of >350 ART-naïve, HIV-infected children and their mothers, we first observed that pediatric disease progression is significantly correlated with VRC. As expected, VRCs in mother-child pairs were strongly correlated (p = 0.004). The impact of the protective HLA alleles, HLA-B*57, HLA-B*58:01 and HLA-B*81:01, resulted in significantly lower VRCs in adults (p<0.0001), but not in children. Similarly, in adults, but not in children, VRCs were significantly higher in subjects expressing the disease-susceptible alleles HLA-B*18:01/45:01/58:02 (p = 0.007). Irrespective of the subject, VRCs were strongly correlated with the number of Gag CD8+ T-cell escape mutants driven by HLA-B*57/58:01/81:01 present in each virus (p = 0.0002). In contrast to the impact of VRC common to progression in adults and children, the HLA effects on disease outcome, that are substantial in adults, are small and statistically insignificant in infected children. These data further highlight the important role that VRC plays both in adult and pediatric progression, and demonstrate that HLA-independent factors, yet to be fully defined, are predominantly responsible for pediatric non-progression. © 2015 Adland et al.	None	Gag protein; gamma interferon; HLA antigen class 1; HLA B antigen; nevirapine; adult; Article; CD4+ T lymphocyte; CD8+ T lymphocyte; child; controlled study; correlation analysis; disease course; disease predisposition; disease transmission; flow cytometry; gene expression; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; outcome assessment; phylogeny; protein expression; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; RNA isolation; sequence analysis; virus load; virus replication	WT104748MA, Wellcome Trust
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928637366	Assessment of demographic, health and nutrition related factors to a school performance among school children in Arb-Gebeya Town, Tach-Gaynt Woreda, South Gondar, Ethiopia	Admasie A., Ali A., Kumie A.	2013	Ethiopian Journal of Health Development	27	2	None	Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia; Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Ethiopia	Admasie, A., Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia; Ali, A., Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Ethiopia; Kumie, A., Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Ethiopia	Background: Intestinal parasite and malnutrition are prevalent among children in general and school aged children in particular, in the Ethiopian context. There is limited information how these factors are associated with school performance. Objective: This study assessed the effect of intestinal parasitic infection and nutritional status on academic performance of school children. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among randomly selected 601 school childrenattending grades 5th-8th. Data was collected using standardized, closed ended and coded questionnaire. Physical health assessment, parasitological laboratory examinations and anthropometric measurements were the means used to assess the presence of parasitic infections and nutritional status. Grade scores were used to evaluate school performance. Graduate nurses and laboratory technicians were involved in the data collection. EPO INFO version 6.04 and SPSS version 13.0 were used for data management and analysis, respectively. Results: Out of the 601 students, who had stool examination, 216 (35.9%) had at least one parasite. Of those, the dominant parasite was E-histolytica, 80 (13.3%), followed by ascariasis, 50 (8.3%). The prevalence of underweight (BMI value below the 5th percentile) in the area was 30(5%) in all age groups.The mean of the students' grade is 62.25% (SD±9.25). Three hundred twenty-eight (54.6%) of the students had scored below the mean. The rate of absenteeism in the group below five days was 540 (74.9%) students who had parasitic infection were less likely to achieve higher academic performance than those who had not (AOR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.41-0.83). Nutritional status as measured by BMI did not shows an association with academic performance. Conclusion: Even though the prevalence of intestinal parasites in the area seemed low, it affected school performance in the Arb-Gebeya school. However, nutritional status did not affect academic performance according to this study.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-8744262025	Impact assessment of a community-based animal health project in Dollo Ado and Dollo Bay districts, southern Ethiopia	Admassu B., Nega S., Haile T., Abera B., Hussein A., Catley A.	2005	Tropical Animal Health and Production	37	1	10.1023/B:TROP.0000047932.70025.44	African Union/Interafrican Bur. A., PO Box 30786, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya; Veterinary Services Team, Ministry of Agriculture, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Ethiopia; Natl. Animal Health Research Centre, Sebeta, Ethiopia, Ethiopia; Action Contre la Faim, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Ethiopia; Regional Bureau of Agriculture, Somali National Regional State, Ethiopia, Ethiopia	Admassu, B., African Union/Interafrican Bur. A., PO Box 30786, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya; Nega, S., Veterinary Services Team, Ministry of Agriculture, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Ethiopia; Haile, T., Natl. Animal Health Research Centre, Sebeta, Ethiopia, Ethiopia; Abera, B., Action Contre la Faim, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Ethiopia; Hussein, A., Regional Bureau of Agriculture, Somali National Regional State, Ethiopia, Ethiopia; Catley, A., African Union/Interafrican Bur. A., PO Box 30786, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya	Participatory methods were used to assess the impact of a community-based animal health worker (CAHW) project in two remote pastoralist districts of Ethiopia. The CAHW project had been operating for 3 years at the time of the assessment. Participatory methods were standardized and repeated with 10 groups of informants in the project area. The assessment showed significant reductions in disease impact for diseases handled by CAHWs compared with diseases not handled by CAHWs. In camels, there was significant reduction (p<0.001) in the impact of mange, trypanosomosis, helminthosis, anthrax and non-specific respiratory disease. In cattle there was a signficant reduction (p<0.001) in the impact of blackleg, anthrax and helminthosis. In sheep and goats there was a sign reduction (p<0.001) in the impact of mange, helminthosis, contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, orf and non-specific diarrhoea. In order of importance, these reductions in disease impact were attributed to (1) increased use of modern veterinary services provided by CAHWs, (2) vaccination campaigns involving CAHWs, (3) good rainfall and availability of grazing and (4) decreased herd mobility. Decreased herd mobility was also associated with negative impact of tick infestation. Community-based animal health workers were considered to be highly accessible, available, affordable and trustworthy relative to other service providers. They were also perceived to be suppliers of a good quality service. Specific types of positive impact attributed to CAHW activities were increases in milk, meat, income and draught power.	community-based animal health worker; Ethiopia; impact assessment; participatory methods	rain; animal; animal disease; animal husbandry; animal welfare; article; community care; developing country; domestic animal; Ethiopia; health care quality; human; methodology; organization and management; paramedical personnel; standard; vaccination; veterinary medicine; Animal Husbandry; Animal Technicians; Animal Welfare; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Community Networks; Developing Countries; Ethiopia; Humans; Quality of Health Care; Rain; Vaccination; Veterinary Medicine; Acari; Animalia; Anthrax; Bos taurus; Camelidae; Capra; Capra hircus; Mycoplasma; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876574772	Impact of protected forests on rural households' fuel tree planting in Chiro District, Eastern Ethiopia	Admasu B., Jema H., Chisholm N., Enright P.	2013	International Forestry Review	15	1	10.1505/146554813805927228	University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Haramaya University, PO Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Admasu, B., University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Jema, H., Haramaya University, PO Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Chisholm, N., University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Enright, P., University College Cork, Cork, Ireland	This study aims at exploring the potential impact of forest protection on rural households' private fuel tree planting in Chiro district of eastern Ethiopia. It attempts to evaluate whether or not forest protection interventions improve rural households' private fuel wood production and indirectly contribute to reforestation and restoration of endangered wildlife. The study results revealed a robust and significant positive impact of the intervention on farmers' decisions to produce private household energy by growing fuel trees on their farm. As participation in private fuel tree planting is not random, the study confronts a methodological issue in investigating the causal effect of forest protection intervention on rural farm households' private fuel tree planting through non-parametric propensity score matching (PSM) method. The protection intervention on average has increased fuel tree planting by 4 633 (1 725%) compared to open access areas and indirectly contributed to slowing down the loss of biodiversity in the area.	Chiro; deforestation; forest protection intervention; Nyala sanctuary; PSM	biodiversity; deforestation; forest management; fuelwood; household energy; protected area; reforestation; rural area; tree planting; Chiro; Ethiopia; Tragelaphus angasii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891802809	In vivo antirabies activity evaluation of hydroethanolic extract of roots and leaves of Phytolacca dodecandra	Admasu P., Deressa A., Mengistu A., Gebrewold G., Feyera T.	2014	Global Veterinaria	12	1	10.5829/idosi.gv.2014.12.01.81150	Jigjiga University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ethiopia; Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), Ethiopia	Admasu, P., Jigjiga University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ethiopia; Deressa, A., Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), Ethiopia; Mengistu, A., Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), Ethiopia; Gebrewold, G., Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI), Ethiopia; Feyera, T., Jigjiga University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ethiopia	The study was undertaken to evaluate antirabies activity of hydroethanolic extract of roots and leaves of Phytolacca dodecandra (L' Herit) (Phytolaccaceae), one of the widely used plants for traditional treatment of rabies in humans and animals in Ethiopia, by using mice model. The antirabies activity of both parts of plant extract in the doses of 300, 600 and 1000 mg/kg were compared with negative control based on the difference in survival rate and period (days) of group of mice challenged with rabies virus (CVS-11). The result showed that all doses of roots and 300 and 600 mg/kg doses of leaves of the plant extract didn't significantly (P>0.05) increase the survival period of mice compared to negative control group and significant (P<0.05) survival period decrement was obtained compared to both positive control groups. However, 1000 mg/kg dose of leaves of the plant extract was significantly (P<0.05) increased the survival period of mice as compared to their respective negative control group. The finding indicated the existence of some antirabies activity in extract of leaves of P. dodecandra at higher dose, for which further research is needed to elucidate its active ingredients. © IDOSI Publications, 2014.	Antirabies; Hydroethanolic extract; In vivo; Phytolacca dodecandra	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650324916	Evaluation of a recombinant DNA hepatitis b vaccine in a vaccinated Nigerian population	Adoga M.P., Pennap G., Akande B.O., Mairiga J.P., Pechulano S., Agwale S.M.	2010	Journal of Infection in Developing Countries	4	11	None	Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, P. M. B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa St	Adoga, M.P., Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, P. M. B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Pennap, G., Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, P. M. B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Akande, B.O., Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, P. M. B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Mairiga, J.P., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, P. M. B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Pechulano, S., Innovative Biotech Ltd Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Agwale, S.M., Innovative Biotech USA Inc, Frederick Innovative Technology Center, Frederick MD 21704, United States	Introduction: Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was introduced in 1986 and has gradually replaced the plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine. No published data are available on the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccines in Nigerians. The current study aimed to evaluate protective sero-conversion rates after vaccination with Shanvac-B rDNA hepatitis B vaccine in Nigerian subjects between January and September 2009. Methodology: After having obtained informed consent and ethical clearance, 2 mL of blood were aseptically collected from each participant aged ≤ 50 years, one month after the first, second and third doses of the vaccine. Sera were separated into cryovials and frozen at -21oC until analysed for the detection of the protective antibody titre induction. Protective antibody titre was defined as a titre of ≥10 mIU/mL. Results: Of the 376 participants, 192 (51.1%) were males and 184 (48.9%) were females. A total of 144 subjects participated in the first-dose group, nine (6.3%) of whom developed protective antibody titre (8.3% of males and 4.2% of females). Of the 121 participants in the second-dose group, 108 (89.3%) developed protective antibody titre (98.3% of males and 80.3% of females), while of the 111 participants in the third-dose group, 100% protectively sero-converted. Males were more likely to develop protective antibody titre than females after the second dose (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This data provides additional evidence for the efficacy of Shanvac-B rDNA hepatitis B vaccine and the need to adhere to the recommended three-dose schedule to achieve full and lasting sero-protection among Nigerians. © 2010 Adoga et al.	Antibody titre; HBV; Hepatitis b vaccine; Sero-conversion; Shanvac-b	recombinant hepatitis B vaccine; adolescent; adult; antibody titer; article; child; DNA immunization; drug screening; female; human; human experiment; male; Nigeria; preschool child; school child; seroconversion; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B Antibodies; Hepatitis B Vaccines; Humans; Immunization Schedule; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Treatment Outcome; Vaccination; Vaccines, Synthetic; Young Adult; Hepatitis B virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-30844473299	The impact of ICT (internet) on research and studies: The experience of Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria	Adogbeji O.B., Akporhonor B.A.	2005	Library Hi Tech News	22	10	10.1108/07419050510644347	Department of Library and Information Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; Delta State University Library, Abraka, Nigeria	Adogbeji, O.B., Department of Library and Information Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; Akporhonor, B.A., Delta State University Library, Abraka, Nigeria	Purpose - This study seeks to explore how students are increasingly using the Internet to support instruction and research needs in addition to heavy e-mail usage. The extension of this research suggests more positive impact from the Internet in almost every aspect of academic life and suggests the need for more access at reduced costs on and near this campus. Design/methodology/approach - A questionnaire was used to survey a sample of students about their internet practices. Findings - Students are now coming to university with more background in technology and the role of the internet and other ICTs. The demand for internet service will continue to grow and how the university should respond to meet this greater demand is the focus of this research. Orig inality/value - Study suggests that the impact of the ICTs and internet service for e-mail and other research activities related to the role of studying suggests that access is a key problem that must be scaled better so that students and faculty have improved access. This situation should continue to be monitored and the study suggests that more and more university affiliates will need improved access to internet resources. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Academic	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646371266	The impact of the internet on research: The experience of Delta State University, Nigeria	Adogbeji O.B., Toyo O.D.	2006	Library Philosophy and Practice	8	2	None	University Library, Abraka, Nigeria; Department of Library and Information Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria	Adogbeji, O.B., University Library, Abraka, Nigeria; Toyo, O.D., Department of Library and Information Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929459545	Evaluation of the presence of the heavy metal nickel in samples of tobacco snuff (Nicotiana tabacum) in nigeria	Adogu P., Abuah O., Enye J.C., Chineke H.N., Egenti B.N.	2015	International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences	7	5	None	Department of Community Medicine NnamdiAzikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria; University Elele, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine Imo State University Teaching Hospital, Orlu, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine, University of	Adogu, P., Department of Community Medicine NnamdiAzikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria; Abuah, O., University Elele, Nigeria; Enye, J.C., University Elele, Nigeria; Chineke, H.N., Department of Community Medicine Imo State University Teaching Hospital, Orlu, Nigeria; Egenti, B.N., Department of Community Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria	Objective: Tobacco snuffs a finely ground dark brown coloured powder obtained from dried pulverized leaves of tobacco plant Nicotianatabaccum is commonly used among Nigerians. Since the nickel content and its health implications are not known to have been studied, this study evaluates the presence of this heavy metal in some samples of tobacco snuff obtained from four geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Methods: The study was conducted using thirty samples of tobacco snuff obtained from different parts of Nigeria. The samples were tested for the presence of the heavy metal Nickel by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Results: All the samples contain the heavy metal nickel. Nickel concentration in the studied samples ranged from 0.0003–0.0011 μmol/g, with the highest concentration found in the sample number 3 and 22 only. Conclusion: Tobacco snuff samples sourced from various geopolitical zones of Nigeria are highly contaminated with the heavy metal Nickel. © 2015, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. All Rights Reserved.	Evaluation; Nickel; Nigeria; Tobacco snuff	nickel; Article; atomic absorption spectrometry; chemical analysis; concentration (parameters); heavy metal poisoning; Nicotiana tabacum; Nigeria; nonhuman; smokeless tobacco	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924260158	Evaluation of the integrated disease surveillance and response system for infectious diseases control in northern Ghana	Adokiya M.N., Awoonor-Williams J.K., Barau I.Y., Beiersmann C., Mueller O.	2015	BMC Public Health	15	1	10.1186/s12889-015-1397-y	Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana; Ghana Health Service, Upper East Regional, Bolgatanga, Ghana; National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria	Adokiya, M.N., Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, Heidelberg, Germany, Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana; Awoonor-Williams, J.K., Ghana Health Service, Upper East Regional, Bolgatanga, Ghana; Barau, I.Y., National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria; Beiersmann, C., Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, Heidelberg, Germany; Mueller, O., Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, Heidelberg, Germany	Background: Well-functioning surveillance systems are crucial for effective disease control programs. The Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) strategy was developed and adopted in 1998 for Africa as a comprehensive public health approach and subsequently, Ghana adopted the IDSR technical guidelines in 2002. Since 2012, the IDSR data is reported through the new District Health Information Management System II (DHIMS2) network. The objective was to evaluate the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system in northern Ghana. Methods: This was an observational study using mixed methods. Weekly and monthly IDSR data on selected infectious diseases were downloaded and analyzed for 2011, 2012 and 2013 (the years before, of and after DHIMS2 implementation) from the DHIMS2 databank for the Upper East Region (UER) and for two districts of UER. In addition, key informant interviews were conducted among local and regional health officers on the functioning of the IDSR. Results: Clinically diagnosed malaria was the most prevalent disease in UER, with an annual incidence rate close to 1. Around 500 suspected HIV/AIDS cases were reported each year. The highest incidence of cholera and meningitis was reported in 2012 (257 and 392 cases respectively). Three suspected cases of polio and one suspected case of guinea worm were reported in 2013. None of the polio and guinea worm cases and only a fraction of the reported cases of the other diseases were confirmed. A major observation was the large and inconclusive difference in reported cases when comparing weekly and monthly reports. This can be explained by the different reporting practice for the sub-systems. Other challenges were low priority for surveillance, ill-equipped laboratories, rare supervision and missing feedback. Conclusions: The DHIMS2 has improved the availability of IDSR reports, but the quality of data reported is not sufficient. Particularly the inconsistencies between weekly and monthly data need to be addressed. Moreover, support for and communication within the IDSR system is inadequate and calls for attention. © 2015 Adokiya et al.	Data quality; Disease surveillance; Ghana; Health information system; Infectious diseases; Integrated; Response	Africa; female; Ghana; health survey; human; infection control; interview; male; procedures; program evaluation; public health; qualitative research; system analysis; Africa; Communicable Disease Control; Female; Ghana; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Population Surveillance; Program Evaluation; Public Health; Qualitative Research; Systems Integration	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748875045	Gender differences in enrolment and academic performance in physics among secondary school students	Adolphus T.	2006	European Journal of Scientific Research	14	2	None	Department of Science and Technical Education, Faculty of Science and Technical Education, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Adolphus, T., Department of Science and Technical Education, Faculty of Science and Technical Education, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	This paper looks at the gender differences in enrolment and academic performance in physics among secondary school students. The study was an empirical survey conducted in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Seven (7) co-educational schools were selected by simple random sampling. Research instruments included records of enrolment and results of senior secondary school certificate examinations (SSCE) for five (5) years (1999-2003). Simple means, percentages and t-test were employed to analyze the data obtained from the study. Two hypotheses were formulated for the study. The results of the study showed significant difference in both enrolment and academic performance of male and female students in physics in favor of male students. It is recommended among others that government should encourage in form of scholarship the education of women in physics and science in general at higher levels. This will produce more female physics teachers, who will motivate more girls at the secondary schools to study physics. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2006.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938682532	The challenges to performance and sustaining mutual health organisations/health institutions: An exploratory study in Ghana	Adomah-Afari A.	2015	International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance	28	7	10.1108/IJHCQA-02-2015-0018	School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Ghana and Sheffield Business School, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield, United Kingdom	Adomah-Afari, A., School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana, Ghana and Sheffield Business School, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield, United Kingdom	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore challenges to the performance and sustainability of mutual health organisations (MHOs) and health institutions towards enhancing access to quality health care (HC) in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach – Data were gathered through interviews and documentary review. Findings – Problems with late release of reimbursement funds for discharging with claims by the central government has impacted heavily on the financial and strategic management and decisionmaking processes of the MHOs and health institutions. Research limitations/implications – The lack of in-depth analysis of the financial viability of the MHOs; and the limited number of schemes selected. Practical implications – Recommends the need to ensure prompt release of reimbursement funds by government to enable the MHOs to reimburse claims to health institutions. Social implications – There is a perceived tension between the MHOs and HC institutions due to late release of reimbursement funds by the government. Originality/value – Contributes to understanding of how the NHI Act influences the operations of MHOs and health institutions towards increasing access to quality HC and financing. © 2015, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Effectiveness; Efficiency; Finance/economics; Patient perception; Quality health care; Risk management	community care; economics; female; Ghana; health; health care delivery; health care quality; human; interview; male; organization and management; Community Health Services; Female; Ghana; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Quality of Health Care; Rural Health	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919718771	Growth performance of crossbred naked neck and normal feathered laying hens kept in tropical villages	Adomako K., Olympio O.S., Hagan J.K., Hamidu J.A.	2014	British Poultry Science	55	6	10.1080/00071668.2014.960805	Department of Animal Science, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Animal Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Adomako, K., Department of Animal Science, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Olympio, O.S., Department of Animal Science, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Hagan, J.K., Department of Animal Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Hamidu, J.A., Department of Animal Science, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana	Abstract: 1. Two experiments were conducted to develop naked neck (Na/na) and normal feathered (na/na) crossbreds and compare their growth performance, linear body measurements and carcass characteristics in the first and second filial generations.2. In the first experiment, 4 indigenous naked neck males (Na/na) were mated to 36 Lohmann commercial females (na/na) in a ratio of 1:9. The two genotypes (Na/na, na/na) were allocated randomly according to batches of hatch, sire lines and sex to three different villages.3. In the second experiment, 10 males and 100 females of F1 Na/na birds were selected and mated inter se in a ratio of 1:10. The three genotypes (Na/Na, Na/na and na/na) were compared in a randomised complete block design experiment, with the three villages, hatch and sex as blocks and the three genotypes as treatments. F1 Na/na birds had significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) feed conversion ratio, body weight, body weight gain, linear body measurements, survivability and carcass yield than their na/na counterparts.4. In the F2 generation, Na/Na and Na/na birds had significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) feed conversion ratio, body weight, body weight gain, linear body measurements, survivability and carcass yield compared to their na/na counterparts.5. The birds showing the naked neck phenotype appeared to show superior performance compared to normal feathered birds and could be exploited for potential utilisation in local poultry production. © 2014, © 2014 British Poultry Science Ltd.	None	Aves; anatomy and histology; animal; animal husbandry; body weight; chicken; feather; female; genetics; Ghana; growth, development and aging; hybridization; male; neck; physiology; tropic climate; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Feathers; Female; Ghana; Hybridization, Genetic; Male; Neck; Tropical Climate	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650691088	Egg production performance of first and second filial generation naked neck (NaNa, NaNa) and normal feathered (NaNa) birds of a cross between indigenous naked neck (NaNa, NaNa) males and exotic commercial females (NaNa)	Adomako K., Hagan J.K., Olympio O.S.	2010	Livestock Research for Rural Development	22	12	None	Department of Animal Science, P.M.B., KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Animal Science, P.M.B, UCC, Cape Coast, Ghana	Adomako, K., Department of Animal Science, P.M.B., KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Hagan, J.K., Department of Animal Science, P.M.B, UCC, Cape Coast, Ghana; Olympio, O.S., Department of Animal Science, P.M.B., KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana	An experiment was conducted to compare the laying performance of first and second filial generation birds (naked neck, Nana and NaNa and normal feathered, nana) of a cross between indigenous naked neck males (Nana) and exotic commercial females (nana) under semi-intensive system. The crossing produced offspring in the proportion of 48.7% Nana (390 birds) to 51.3% nana (410 birds) in the F1 generation. The two genotypes (Nana, nana) were compared in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) experiment, with the three villages, where the birds were raised, as blocks and the two genotypes (Nana, nana) as treatments. Each block had 240 birds, 120 each of Nana and nana layers. Nana birds were significantly (P<0.05) higher in number of eggs per clutch, hen-housed and hen-day rates of lay, egg size and survivability, than their nana counterparts. However, age at first egg and egg size to body weight ratio were significantly better in the nana birds compared to the Nana ones. In the second mating, males and females of F1 Nana birds were selected and mated inter se. This produced 16.8% NaNa (202 birds), 54.5% Nana (654 birds) and 28.7% nana (344 birds) offspring in the F2 generation and these were compared in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) experiment, with the three villages, where the birds were raised, as blocks and the three genotypes (NaNa, Nana and nana) as treatments. Each block had 270 birds, 90 each of NaNa, Nana and nana layers. It was observed that Nana and NaNa birds were significantly (P<0.05) higher in number of eggs per clutch, hen-housed and hen-day rates of lay, egg size and survivability. Using birds that show the naked neck phenotype in local chicken production will enhance egg production performance significantly.	Chicken; Clutch-size; Crossing; Hen-day; Hen-housed	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928239277	Asymmetric impacts of the determinants of energy intensity in Nigeria	Adom P.K.	2015	Energy Economics	49	None	10.1016/j.eneco.2015.03.027	Centre for Environmental and Resource Economics (CERE), Department of Forest Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden; Department of Banking and Finance, University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana	Adom, P.K., Centre for Environmental and Resource Economics (CERE), Department of Forest Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden, Department of Banking and Finance, University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana	This study analysed the problem of energy intensity determinants in Nigeria based on the fully modified OLS and canonical cointegration regressions. These methods were preferred since they are able to deal effectively with the second-order bias problems, an often characteristics of time series data. The impacts of price of crude oil, FDI, trade openness and industry structure are asymmetric which suggests the presence of structural effects in parameters. The impact of crude oil price is negative but becomes stronger post-1989 saving .126% more in energy consumption relative to pre-1989. Also, the impacts of FDI and trade openness are negative and significant but become stronger post-1989 saving 11.2% and 0.8% more in energy consumption relative to the baseline, respectively for every one percentage point increase in FDI and trade openness. The impact of industry value-added is positive and significant but weakens after 1989 consuming 1.8% less in energy for every one percentage point increase in industry value-added relative to the baseline. The energy reducing effect of industry value-added post-1989 reflects improvements in the technical characteristics of industrial sector in Nigeria. Last, the result showed that the absorptive capability and industry characteristics of Nigeria are important determinants of how FDI affects energy intensity. This implies that a more integrated FDI programme (considering the country characteristics) rather than a 'one-fit-all' programme is preferable. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Absorptive capability; Asymmetric effects; Energy intensity; Nigeria	Commerce; Crude oil; Oil shale; Absorptive capability; Asymmetric effects; Energy intensity; Industrial sector; Industry characteristics; Industry structures; Nigeria; Percentage points; Energy utilization; consumption behavior; crude oil; energy market; foreign direct investment; industrial structure; price dynamics; regression analysis; time series; trade; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899834640	Evaluation of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) urine-cassette assay as a survey tool for Schistosoma mansoni in different transmission settings within Bugiri District, Uganda	Adriko M., Standley C.J., Tinkitina B., Tukahebwa E.M., Fenwick A., Fleming F.M., Sousa-Figueiredo J.C., Stothard J.R., Kabatereine N.B.	2014	Acta Tropica	136	1	10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.04.001	Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O. Box 7026, Kampala, Uganda; Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1661, Plot 15 Bombo Road, Kampala, Uganda; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 6HT, United Kingdom	Adriko, M., Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O. Box 7026, Kampala, Uganda, Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1661, Plot 15 Bombo Road, Kampala, Uganda; Standley, C.J., Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Tinkitina, B., Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O. Box 7026, Kampala, Uganda, Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1661, Plot 15 Bombo Road, Kampala, Uganda; Tukahebwa, E.M., Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O. Box 7026, Kampala, Uganda; Fenwick, A., Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Fleming, F.M., Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Sousa-Figueiredo, J.C., Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 6HT, United Kingdom; Stothard, J.R., Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; Kabatereine, N.B., Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1661, Plot 15 Bombo Road, Kampala, Uganda, Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom	Diagnosis of schistosomiasis at the point-of-care (POC) is a growing topic in neglected tropical disease research. There is a need for diagnostic tests which are affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid, equipment-free and delivered to those who need it, and POC is an important tool for disease mapping and guiding mass deworming. The aim of present study was to evaluate the relative diagnostic performance of two urine-circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) cassette assays, one commercially available and the other in experimental production, against results obtained using the standard Kato-Katz faecal smear method (six thick smears from three consecutive days), as a 'gold-standard', for Schistosoma mansoni infection in different transmission settings in Uganda. Our study was conducted among 500 school children randomly selected across 5 schools within Bugiri district, adjacent to Lake Victoria in Uganda. Considering results from the 469 pupils who provided three stool samples for the six Kato-Katz smears, 293 (76%) children had no infection, 109 (23%) were in the light intensity category, while 42 (9%) and 25 (5%) were in the moderate and heavy intensity categories respectively. Following performance analysis of CCA tests in terms of sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values, overall performance of the commercially available CCA test was more informative than single Kato-Katz faecal smear microscopy, the current operational field standard for disease mapping. The current CCA assay is therefore a satisfactory method for surveillance of S. mansoni in an area where disease endemicity is declining due to control interventions. With the recent resolution on schistosomiasis elimination by the 65th World Health Assembly, the urine POC CCA test is an attractive tool to augment and perhaps replace the Kato-Katz sampling within ongoing control programmes. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Circulating cathodic antigen (CCA); Diagnostic methods; Intestinal schistosomiasis; Point-of-care diagnosis (POC); Rapid diagnostic test (RDT); Schistosoma mansoni; Uganda	praziquantel; CCA protein, Schistosoma mansoni; glycoprotein; helminth protein; parasite antigen; antigen; bioassay; disease; disease control; mapping; schistosomiasis; testing method; adolescent; article; bioassay; child; circulating cathodic antigen cassette assay; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; disease control; disease transmission; feces analysis; female; gold standard; human; intermethod comparison; Kato Katz fecal smear method; laboratory diagnosis; major clinical study; male; point of care testing; predictive value; prevalence; quality control; randomized controlled trial; Schistosoma mansoni; schistosomiasis mansoni; sensitivity and specificity; Uganda; urinalysis; animal; epidemiology; isolation and purification; schistosomiasis mansoni; urine; Uganda; Adolescent; Animals; Antigens, Helminth; Child; Female; Glycoproteins; Helminth Proteins; Humans; Male; Predictive Value of Tests; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20744436885	Evaluation of aluminium phosphide against house mice (Musmusculus) in Ghana	Adu-Acheampong R., Sarfo J.E., Avemegah R., Odzawo V.	2005	Tests of Agrochemicals and Cultivars	None	26	None	Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Quality Control Division, COCOBOD, Takoradi, Ghana	Adu-Acheampong, R., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Sarfo, J.E., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Avemegah, R., Quality Control Division, COCOBOD, Takoradi, Ghana; Odzawo, V., Quality Control Division, COCOBOD, Takoradi, Ghana	[No abstract available]	Aluminium phosphide; Control; Gastoxin; House mice	Mus musculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924454886	Growth performance and blood profile of female rabbits fed dietary cerium oxide	Adua O.A., Akinmuyisitana I.W., Gboreb F.A.	2013	Journal of Bio-Science	21	None	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria	Adua, O.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Akinmuyisitana, I.W., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Gboreb, F.A., Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria	Context: Rare earth elements, the 15 lanthanide elements with atomic numbers 57 (lanthanum) through 71 (lutetium), have been reported to be capable of producing reasonable growth-promoting effects in all classes of livestock and at the same time increase milk yield and egg production. However, concentration and type of rare earth element as well as the compositions of individual elements are important factors influencing the performance enhancing effects of REE on animals. Objective: The effects of inclusion of different dietary concentrations of Cerium oxide (CeO), a Rare Earth Element on growth performance and blood parameters of female rabbits. Materials and Methods: In an 8-week feeding experiment, 32 growing female rabbits were used. The rabbits were assigned to different dietary concentrations of Cerium oxide (CeO) at 0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm. The initial weight, feed intake and final weight were determined. Blood samples were collected on the last day of the experiment for hematological and serum biochemical analyses. Results: The daily weight gain, daily dry matter intake and feed conversion ratio significantly increased (P<0.05) with increase in dietary CeO concentrations. The CeO supplemented diets generally had significantly (P<0.05) higher daily weight gain of 7.52 10.29 g compared with 6.65 g for those on the control diet. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, leukocyte and the mean differential leukocyte counts were significantly (P<0.05) influenced while the serum biochemical parameters examined, except urea, were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by the dietary CeO. Conclusion: This study revealed that diets supplemented with CeO, particularly at 200 ppm concentration, is capable of improving body weight gain, daily dry matter intake and feed conversion ratio in rabbits without any detrimental effect on the blood parameters indicating good health status of the animals. © 2003 Institute of Biological Science. All rights reserved.	Cerium oxide; Growth; Hematology; Rabbit; Rare earth element; Serum biochemistry	Animalia; Oryctolagus cuniculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903301767	Predictors of academic performance of seminarians in Catholic Major Seminaries in the South-West Region of Nigeria	Adubale A.A., Aluede O.	2014	British Journal of Guidance and Counselling	42	4	10.1080/03069885.2014.886671	Department of Educational Psychology and Curriculum Studies, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Guidance and Counselling, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	Adubale, A.A., Department of Educational Psychology and Curriculum Studies, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Aluede, O., Department of Guidance and Counselling, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	This study investigated predictors of seminarians' academic performance. The study employed a correlational research design. Two hundred and thirty two seminarians constituted the sample for the study. Bakare's modified version of student problem inventory was used to collect the data of the study. The findings indicated that time management and lack of concentration significantly predicted the academic performance of seminarians. Based on the findings, the study recommended intervention programmes, such as workshop on techniques of managing external distractions and unresolved personal crises that interfere with the seminarians' concentration level and workshop on time management skills; and that counselling units should be established in the Catholic Major Seminaries in the South-West Region of Nigeria since there is none at the moment. © 2014 Taylor & Francis.	academic achievement; academic success; Catholic Church; Catholic Seminarians; counsellor education programme; school success	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910088801	The impact of urban agriculture on students’ life satisfaction in Eastern Cape, South Africa	Adu E.O., Ntombomzi B., Oshati T.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	23	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p1293	University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa; Federal Productivity Centre, Federal Secretariat IbadanOyo State, Nigeria	Adu, E.O., University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa; Ntombomzi, B., University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa; Oshati, T., Federal Productivity Centre, Federal Secretariat IbadanOyo State, Nigeria	The importance of agricultural sciences in the school curriculum all over the world cannot be over -emphasized.It include an alternative source of fresh produce, improved life satisfaction and a way to preserve cultural identity and traditions. This study tends to investigate more role of unban agriculture in relation to life satisfaction. The study reveals among others some components of life satisfaction as a result of urban agriculture. These components are; nutrition, self-employment, food security and poverty eradication. The study does not leave behind the economic benefits of urban agriculture such as; income distribution, small scale business to mention a few. The study however recommended among others that the South Africa Government should make agriculture education as a compulsory subject for grade 10 and grade 11 students. This will enable them to develop entrepreneurial skills and self-sufficient mentality before they finish their secondary school careers. The subject will also help them in building job skills, improving self-esteem and contributing to community revitalization. Similarly, the practical components of this subject should constitute 50% if not more from the overall marks. Hence, leaving secondary schools will no longer be a mirage and nightmare all because of no employment. However, some challenges were highlighted this include; limited spaces available, damage to sacks and crops by stray animals, pest and diseases, sustainable access to inputs such as soil, manure, seedlings and water. © 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All right reserved.	Food security; Nutrition; Poverty eradication; Small business scale; Students; Urban agriculture	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910091599	Impact of outdoor educational activities on pupils’ environmental knowledge and attitude in selected primary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria	Adu E.O., Olatundun S.A., Oshati T.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	23	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p1393	University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Oyo State Secretariat, P.O.BOX 21656 U.I.P.O Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Federal Productivity Centre, Oyo State Federal Secretariat, Ibadan, Nigeria	Adu, E.O., University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Olatundun, S.A., Oyo State Secretariat, P.O.BOX 21656 U.I.P.O Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Oshati, T., Federal Productivity Centre, Oyo State Federal Secretariat, Ibadan, Nigeria	The study investigated the impact of outdoor educational activities and the interaction effect of location of pupils’ residence and gender on pupils’ knowledge of, and attitude, to selected environmental issues and problems. Treatment had significant main effect on pupils’ environmental knowledge (F (1,471) = 137.37; p<0.05) and attitude to environmental issues and problems (F (1,471) = 23.35; p<0.05). Pupils exposed to outdoor educational activities performed better in knowledge (X=19.59; SD = 1.78) and attitude (X=26.61; SD =.30) than their counterparts in the control group. Location of pupils’ residence had no significant effect on their knowledge and attitude. Pupils from the indigenous areas obtained higher environmental knowledge (X=17.89; SD=7.6 E-02) than those from planned areas (X= 17.67; SD = -.1424) and pupils from the planned areas had higher environmental attitude score (X=26.39; SD = 8.3E – 02) than their counterparts from the indigenous areas (X=26.26; SD = -4.4 E-02). Gender was found to have significant main effect on pupils’ environmental knowledge (F (1,471) = 27.45; p<0.05) and attitude (F (1,471) = 17.18; p<0.05). Female pupils performed better (X=18.58; SD =.77) than their male counterparts (X=17.22; SD= -.59) in environmental knowledge. Similarly, females performed better in environmental attitude (X=26.52; SD =0.21) than their male counterparts (X=26.15; SD = -0.16). Outdoor educational activities with discussion proved more effective at improving pupils’ knowledge and attitude of environmental issues and problems. © 2014 Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved.	Environmental attitude; Environmental education; Environmental knowledge; Nigeria; Outdoor educational activities; Primary schools	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34248337864	Teachers' perception of teaching as correlates of students' academic performance in Oyo State, Nigeria	Adu E.O., Olatundun S.O.	2007	Essays in Education	20	None	None	University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Adu, E.O., University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Olatundun, S.O., University of Ibadan, Nigeria	It needs to be pointed out that the role of the teacher is of paramount importance in the education system. He is the custodian of knowledge and instructor of instruction. It is often said that the standard of education can not grow beyond the level or standard of the teachers. Therefore this study examined the Teachers' perception of teaching as correlate of students' academic performance in Oyo state, Nigeria. The results showed that, the relationship between teachers' perceptions and students' performance is positive and significant that is, the perceptions of teachers have effect on students' performance, (r = 0.372, P<.05) Also it was revealed that qualification has no significant effect on students performance as t=0.683, P>.05.Teachers attitudes and good behaviour has a significant effect on performance (r=0.395, P<.05) and Methods of teaching has significant effect on students performance (r= 0.591,P<.05). It was however recommended that it is necessary for the teacher as a member of his profession to be an enlightened person who possesses a thorough mastery of broad field of human knowledge, subject matter, attitudes and behaviour.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929484502	Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of CareStart G6PD deficiency Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) in a malaria endemic area in Ghana, Africa	Adu-Gyasi D., Asante K.P., Newton S., Dosoo D., Amoako S., Adjei G., Amoako N., Ankrah L., Tchum S.K., Mahama E., Agyemang V., Kayan K., Owusu-Agyei S.	2015	PLoS ONE	10	4	10.1371/journal.pone.0125796	Kintampo Health Research Centre, P O Box 200, Kintampo, Brong Ahafo, Ghana	Adu-Gyasi, D., Kintampo Health Research Centre, P O Box 200, Kintampo, Brong Ahafo, Ghana; Asante, K.P., Kintampo Health Research Centre, P O Box 200, Kintampo, Brong Ahafo, Ghana; Newton, S., Kintampo Health Research Centre, P O Box 200, Kintampo, Brong Ahafo, Ghana; Dosoo, D., Kintampo Health Research Centre, P O Box 200, Kintampo, Brong Ahafo, Ghana; Amoako, S., Kintampo Health Research Centre, P O Box 200, Kintampo, Brong Ahafo, Ghana; Adjei, G., Kintampo Health Research Centre, P O Box 200, Kintampo, Brong Ahafo, Ghana; Amoako, N., Kintampo Health Research Centre, P O Box 200, Kintampo, Brong Ahafo, Ghana; Ankrah, L., Kintampo Health Research Centre, P O Box 200, Kintampo, Brong Ahafo, Ghana; Tchum, S.K., Kintampo Health Research Centre, P O Box 200, Kintampo, Brong Ahafo, Ghana; Mahama, E., Kintampo Health Research Centre, P O Box 200, Kintampo, Brong Ahafo, Ghana; Agyemang, V., Kintampo Health Research Centre, P O Box 200, Kintampo, Brong Ahafo, Ghana; Kayan, K., Kintampo Health Research Centre, P O Box 200, Kintampo, Brong Ahafo, Ghana; Owusu-Agyei, S., Kintampo Health Research Centre, P O Box 200, Kintampo, Brong Ahafo, Ghana	Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most widespread enzyme defect that can result in red cell breakdown under oxidative stress when exposed to certain medicines including antimalarials. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of CareStart G6PD deficiency Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) as a point-of-care tool for screening G6PD deficiency. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 206 randomly selected and consented participants from a group with known G6PD deficiency status between February 2013 and June 2013. A maximum of 1.6ml of capillary blood samples were used for G6PD deficiency screening using CareStart G6PD RDT and Trinity qualitative with Trinity quantitative methods as the "gold standard". Samples were also screened for the presence of malaria parasites. Data entry and analysis were done using Microsoft Access 2010 and Stata Software version 12. Kintampo Health Research Centre Institutional Ethics Committee granted ethical approval. Results: The sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) of CareStart G6PD deficiency RDT was 100% and 72.1% compared to Trinity quantitative method respectively and was 98.9% and 96.2% compared to Trinity qualitative method. Malaria infection status had no significant (P=0.199) change on the performance of the G6PD RDT test kit compared to the "gold standard". Conclusions: The outcome of this study suggests that the diagnostic performance of the CareStart G6PD deficiency RDT kit was high and it is acceptable at determining the G6PD deficiency status in a high malaria endemic area in Ghana. The RDT kit presents as an attractive tool for point-of- care G6PD deficiency for rapid testing in areas with high temperatures and less expertise. The CareStart G6PD deficiency RDT kit could be used to screen malaria patients before administration of the fixed dose primaquine with artemisinin-based combination therapy. © 2015 Adu-Gyasi et al.	None	artemisinin; artemisinin plus primaquine; primaquine; unclassified drug; adolescent; adult; Africa; aged; Article; capillary blood; child; controlled study; cross-sectional study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic procedure; diagnostic test accuracy study; female; glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency; gold standard; high temperature; human; major clinical study; malaria; malaria rapid test; male; point of care testing; randomized controlled trial; Rapid Diagnostic Test; screening test; sensitivity and specificity; Trinity qualitative method	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650406475	Evaluation of soybean [Glycine max(L) Merrill] genotypes for adaptability to a southern Guinea savanna environment with and without P fertilizer application in north central Nigeria	Aduloju M.O., Mahamood J., Abayomi Y.A.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	6	None	Dapartment of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, P.M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority, P. M. B. 1529, Ilorin, Nigeria	Aduloju, M.O., Dapartment of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, P.M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Mahamood, J., Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority, P. M. B. 1529, Ilorin, Nigeria; Abayomi, Y.A., Dapartment of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, P.M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	Cultivar evaluation is essential to ascertain the superiority of the newly developed genotypes over the established cultivars in terms of yield and adaptation to an ecology. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate some of the recently developed soybean genotypes with and without P fertilizer application for adaptability to southern Guinea savanna ecology of Nigeria. The study was carried out at the experimental field of the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, during the 2003 and 2004 cropping seasons. Application of 30 kg P ha-1 resulted in significantly higher growth and grain yield parameters compared to no P application. Grain yield was consistently significantly higher for TGX 1448-2E than for other genotypes including the established cultivar, TGX 923-2E over the two cropping seasons. Significant year x genotype effect indicated that grain yields were significantly different between the two cropping seasons for TGX 1830-20E, TGX 1740-2F and TGX 1871-12E in 2004, while there was no significant variation for grain yield for TGX 1448-2E, TGX 1844-18E and TGX 1869- 31E for the two years. This suggests stable grain yields in the latter genotypes and hence good adaptability, while the former ones showed unstable productivity under adverse soil moisture condition resulting from lower rainfall in 2003, and thus were deemed unsuitable for the southern Guinea savanna ecology which is highly prone to drought conditions. Simple linear regression analysis revealed that number of pods per plant was the most important factor influencing grain yield in this study. In conclusion, TGX 1448-2E was the genotype best adapted genotype to the southern Guinea savanna ecology and thus it can successfully replace TGX 923-2E the existing cultivar. Nevertheless, TGX 1844-18E and TGX 1869-31E are promising as drought tolerant genotypes. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Adaptability; New soybean genotype; P fertilizer application; Southern Guinea savanna ecology	Glycine max	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927584649	Information technology managerial capabilities and customer service performance among insurance firms in Nigeria	Aduloju S.A.	2014	SAGE Open	4	4	10.1177/2158244014561198	University of Lagos, Nigeria	Aduloju, S.A., University of Lagos, Nigeria	The potential of information technology (IT) as an enabler of customer service process continues to generate interest, which is reflected in the large number of IT-related studies. In spite of the significant progress made in this area, research findings have been mixed and inconsistent. Also, the underlying mechanisms by which IT can affect customer service process remain underexamined. The aim of this study was to find out whether IT investments and IT managerial capabilities can account for variations in customer service performance among insurance companies in Nigeria. Using survey research design, the three formulated hypotheses were tested with data gathered from 402 staff at the managerial level drawn from the selected insurance companies in Nigeria, which have been among the largest investors in IT, and where customer service is widely perceived as strategically important. Responses were analyzed using linear regression. A major finding of this study is that IT is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for sustainable competitive advantage in customer service. Results show that the interaction of IT investments and tacit, path-dependent, and firm-specific IT managerial capabilities significantly explains variations in customer service performance. Consequently, this study recommends that to realize IT-business value, investments in IT should be accompanied by building and developing IT managerial capabilities. © The Author(s) 2014.	Customer service performance; Information technology; Insurance companies; IT managerial capabilities; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84895778746	Evaluation of urban residential thermal comfort in relation to indoor and outdoor air temperatures in Ibadan, Nigeria	Adunola A.O.	2014	Building and Environment	75	None	10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.02.007	Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Adunola, A.O., Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	A thermal comfort survey was conducted in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. Ten percent (12) of the 119 neighbourhoods identified from the metropolitan map were selected by stratified random sampling comprising 2 low, 3 medium and 7 high residential densities. Systematic random sampling was used to select a total of 528 houses within these neighbourhoods for the survey. Indoor and outdoor measurements of air temperature and other relevant climatic elements were carried out in representative buildings within the neighbourhoods. For each selected building, an adult resident filled a questionnaire indicating the indoor thermal response at different periods of the day using the ASHRAE thermal comfort scale. Significant variations of air temperature and thermal response manifested across the residential densities and neighbourhoods. The air temperature variation across the neighbourhoods was found to be influenced by the different neighbourhood characteristics. Maximum values of measured outdoor and indoor temperatures ranged from 34.1°C to 36.9°C and from 32.5°C to 35°C respectively. The reduction in maximum temperatures from outdoor to indoor was in the range of 1.6-1.9°C. The variation of temperature across residential densities was found to affect indoor thermal comfort. It was inferred that the urban microclimate had impact on the indoor comfort of residents. Mean comfort vote was related to indoor and outdoor temperature by linear equations. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Air temperature; Thermal comfort; Tropical climate; Urban microclimate	Housing; Space heating; Surveys; Thermal comfort; Air temperature; Air temperature variations; Indoor and outdoor airs; Indoor thermal comfort; Outdoor measurements; Stratified random sampling; Tropical climates; Urban microclimate; Atmospheric temperature; air temperature; building; indoor air; neighborhood; tropical environment; urban climate; Ibadan; Nigeria; Oyo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943809362	Evaluation of the safety, gastroprotective activity and mechanism of action of standardised leaves infusion extract of Copaifera malmei Harms	Adzu B., Balogun S.O., Pavan E., Ascêncio S.D., Soares I.M., Aguiar R.W.S., Ribeiro R.V., Beserra Â.M.S.E.S., De Oliveira R.G., Da Silva L.I., Damazo A.S., Martins D.T.D.O.	2015	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	175	None	10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.027	Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Área de Histologia, Departamento de Ciências Básica	Adzu, B., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria; Balogun, S.O., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Pavan, E., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Ascêncio, S.D., Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, Brazil; Soares, I.M., Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Palmas, Brazil; Aguiar, R.W.S., Departamento da Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi, Brazil; Ribeiro, R.V., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Beserra, Â.M.S.E.S., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; De Oliveira, R.G., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Da Silva, L.I., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil; Damazo, A.S., Área de Histologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil; Martins, D.T.D.O., Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av.Fer- nando Correada Costa, no.2367-Boa Esperança, Cuiabá-MT, Brazil	Ethnopharmacological relevance Copaifera malmei Harms (Fabaceae) is a plant that occurs in the central region of Brazil, where the plant's leaves infusion is popularly used to treat gastric ulcer and inflammatory diseases. This study was aimed to investigate the gastroprotective activity and mode of action of the plants' leaves infusion in order to establish the scientific basis for such usage, and to assess its potential as a source of an anti-ulcer agent. Materials and methods Leaves infusion extract of the plant (SIECm) was prepared, freeze dried and lyophilised. Its qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constituents were investigated using TLC and HPLC techniques. The safety profile was evaluated on CHO-k1 epithelial cells viability using the Alamar blue assay, and by acute toxicity test in mice. The gastroprotection and anti-ulcer efficacy of the SIECm (25, 100 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) were tested using acute (acidified ethanol, piroxicam and water restrain stress), and chronic (acetic acid) experimental ulcer models. The plausible mode of action of the SIECm was assessed using gastric secretion, gastric barrier mucus, nitric oxide, and its antioxidant (myeloperoxidase and catalase) effects in mice and rats. The histopathological analyses of the ulcerated tissues as well as the extract's activity on Helicobacter pylori were also investigated. Results Phytochemical tests indicated the presence of mainly phytosterols, phenolics and flavonoids. The SIECm exhibited no cytotoxic effects on the CHO-k1 cells, and no oral acute toxicity in mice. It prevented against the acute induced ulcerations by enhancing gastroprotection through gastric mucus production, NO modulation, antioxidant, reduced gastric secretion and enhanced chronic ulcers healing process, as shown by reduction/prevention of epithelial and vascular damage, in addition to reduction in leucocyte infiltration. The SIECm however did not exhibit activity against H. pylori. Conclusion The SIECm is safe, contain useful phytochemicals and exhibited significant gastroprotective/anti-ulcer effects. The results justify its folkloric usage, and provided scientific evidence of its potential as a source of new phytodrug to treat gastric ulcers. © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Acute toxicity; Copaifera malmei; Gastroprotection; Leaves infusion; Phytochemicals	acetic acid; alcohol; antiulcer agent; carbenoxolone; catalase; catechin; copaifera malmei extract; ellagic acid; flavonoid; gallic acid; myeloperoxidase; nitric oxide; phenol derivative; phytosterol; piroxicam; plant extract; quercetin; rutoside; unclassified drug; water; acute toxicity; adult; analytic method; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antioxidant activity; antiulcer activity; Article; blood vessel injury; cell viability; CHO cell line; clinical assessment; controlled study; Copaifera malmei; drug efficacy; drug mechanism; drug safety; drug screening; epithelium cell; experimental mouse; experimental rat; Fabaceae; freeze drying; Helicobacter pylori; high performance liquid chromatography; histopathology; immobilization stress; infusion; lymphocytic infiltration; lyophilisate; medicinal plant; mouse; nonhuman; plant leaf; qualitative analysis; quantitative analysis; rat; resazurin assay; single drug dose; stomach lesion; stomach mucus; stomach protection; stomach secretion; stomach ulcer; thin layer chromatography; ulcer healing; water restraint stress	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84909943797	Evaluation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of standardised rootbark extract of Xeromphis nilotica	Adzu B., Amizan M.B., Okhale S.E.	2014	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	None	PART A	10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.030	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria; Directorate of Pharmaceutical Services, Ministry of Health, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria; Department of Medicinal Plant Res	Adzu, B., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Abuja, Nigeria, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil; Amizan, M.B., Directorate of Pharmaceutical Services, Ministry of Health, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria; Okhale, S.E., Department of Medicinal Plant Research and Traditional Medicine, NIPRD, Abuja, Nigeria	Ethnopharmacological relevance Xeromphis nilotica (Stapf) Keay (Rubiaceae), popularly known as 'barbaji' (in Nigeria), is a lowland shrub that grows wild in tropical areas of Africa and Asia. The plants extract is used for the treatment of various diseases in folk medicine including pain related ailments. Important bioactive constituents have been isolated from the plant among them are coumarin, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenes. This study is aimed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of standardised aqueous extract of the plant using in vivo models of pain and inflammation in mice and rats.Materials and methods Aqueous extract of Xeromphis nilotica root bark was prepared and standardised using HPLC technique. Three dose levels (25, 100 and 400 mg/kg) of the extract were used, administered orally to laboratory mice and rats. Acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as the positive control. Nociception was induced in laboratory rodents: chemically using acetic acid and formalin, and mechanically using analgesy meter; while inflammation was induced using fresh raw egg albumin.Results The extract showed 11 constituents peak profiles in the HPLC analysis. The extract alleviates mice response to acetic acid-induced writhing, analgesy-meter and formalin tests. It significantly decreased the oedema induced by egg albumin induced inflammation, but failed to show significant effect beyond 80 min of the test.Conclusion The extract has antinociceptive effect and short acting anti-inflammatory activities. The results justify its usage in the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions, and also provided evidence of its potential as source of new pain relief drug prototype. © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anti-inflammatory; Antinociceptive; Aqueous extract; Xeromphis nilotica	acetic acid; acetylsalicylic acid; analgesic agent; antiinflammatory agent; formaldehyde; ovalbumin; plant extract; unclassified drug; Xeromphis nilotica extract; analgesic agent; antiinflammatory agent; plant extract; analgesic activity; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; Article; controlled study; drug efficacy; drug screening; experimental mouse; experimental rat; female; high performance liquid chromatography; in vivo study; inflammation; male; mouse; nociception; nonhuman; pain; rat; animal; bark; chemistry; Liliaceae; Wistar rat; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Liliaceae; Male; Mice; Plant Bark; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar	None
WoS	WOS:000343399700007	Tracking progress of African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method	Afful-Dadzie, Anthony,Afful-Dadzie, Eric,Nabareseh, Stephen,Oplatkova, Zuzana Kominkova	2014	KYBERNETES	43	8	10.1108/K-03-2014-0049	Tomas Bata University Zlin, University of Ghana	"Afful-Dadzie, Anthony: University of Ghana","Afful-Dadzie, Eric: Tomas Bata University Zlin","Nabareseh, Stephen: Tomas Bata University Zlin","Oplatkova, Zuzana Kominkova: Tomas Bata University Zlin"	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to propose a new assessment methodology for the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (FCEM) and the Delphi technique. The proposed approach by its design simplifies the review processes and also quantifies the outcome of the assessment result for easier interpretation and benchmarking among member countries. The proposed hybrid method demonstrates how the subjective APRM thematic areas and their objectives can be efficiently tracked country by country while addressing the key identified challenges. Design/methodology/approach - Using a numerical example, a demonstration of how the APRM assessment could be carried is shown using the FCEM and the Delphi method. The APRM's own thematic areas are used as the evaluation factors and the weights are assigned using Delphi technique. A novel remark set is constructed to linguistically describe the performance of a country against each or all of the thematic areas. Then in line with the maximum membership degree principle, the position of the maximum number would correspond to its respective remark element to indicate the level of performance. Findings - The result shows a hybrid method of FCEM and Delphi used to determine whether a member country has "achieved", "on track", "very likely to be achieved", "possible if some changes are made" or "off-track" on the four focus areas of the APRM. The method provides a well-organized way of tracking progress of member countries. It is also an ideal method of tracking progress of individual thematic areas and objectives. Moreover, the simplicity of the proposed method, the preciseness of the final result it generates and the clear interpretation of the result makes it a stronger alternative to the current approach for assessing member countries. Practical implications - The APRM is a respected body with the backing of the heads of state in Africa. As most African countries become conscious of the pressure to meet international standards as far as governance performance is concerned, this proposed assessment methodology if adopted would go a long way in improving performance evaluation on the continent. Originality/value - The proposed methodology is unique in its simplicity and its ability to evaluate any of the APRM thematic areas independent of the others. This means an overall performance can be tracked as well as that of individual evaluation factors.	"African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM)","Delphi method","fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (FCEM)","FUZZY LOGIC","DELPHI METHOD"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000336837700001	MEASURING PROGRESS OF THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS: A FUZZY COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION APPROACH	Afful-Dadzie, Anthony,Afful-Dadzie, Eric,Oplatkova, Zuzana Kominkova	2014	APPLIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE	28	1	10.1080/08839514.2014.862770	Tomas Bata University Zlin, University of Ghana	"Afful-Dadzie, Anthony: University of Ghana","Afful-Dadzie, Eric: Tomas Bata University Zlin","Oplatkova, Zuzana Kominkova: Tomas Bata University Zlin"	The United Nations' target date to achieve its Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to free people from extreme poverty and multiple deprivations is 2015. As the date approaches, several attempts have been made to evaluate the performance of the set goals, targets, and indicators. Although the methodology used to measure the performance of member countries has been questioned by many, the fiercest criticism so far has been the apparent lack of data with which to measure progress. The subjectivity of the MDGs further increases the complexity of the evaluation systems, but an effective measurability of each MDG is key to the overall success. This study applies a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method (FCEM) in evaluating the performance of individual member countries with regard to the MDGs. The result shows how, in the absence of data, the FCEM can be used to evaluate performance of member countries involved in the MDG project.	,SUCCESS,TARGETS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856357730	Assessing the suitability and efficiency of high performance liquid chromatography instrument - A new aproach	Affum A.O., Gyan B.	2011	International Journal of Chemical Sciences	9	4	None	Chemistry Department, National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Affum, A.O., Chemistry Department, National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Gyan, B., Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana	A unique, cheap, precise and a simple analytical instrument qualification (AIQ) method was developed for a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) by using hypoxanthine, a universal nucleobase. This method could be used to determine the suitability of any HPLC that will be used for biomedical, environmental and food sample analysis. The volumetric flow of the mobile phase delivered by the pumps was consistent for given flow rate, with percent relative standard deviation (RSD %) of ± 0.05 % for pump A and B. The hypoxanthine calibration curve for the combined HPLC components in 1% acetonitrile and 0.05 M ammonium phosphate buffer at pH 6, as mobile phase was linear over a concentration range of 4 μM to 20 μM. A correlation coefficient of 0.95 and a sensitivity of 1824.2 AU/μM was obtained. A log-log analysis of the hypoxanthine calibration curve was linear. Column efficiency determined from toluene and biphenyl in 90: 10 % (v/v) methanol/water mixtures at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. was comparable to the results obtained by the manufacturer. In conclusion, it was determined that the HPLC instrument operated within the manufacturer specified and user approved parameters.	Analytical instrument qualification (AIQ); Calibration; Column efficiency; Flow rate; High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); Hypoxanthine; Spectrophotometer	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944316139	Electrochemical evaluation of linseed oil as environment friendly inhibitor for corrosion of steel in HCL solution	Afia L., Salghi R., Benali O., Jodeh S., Warad I., Ebenso E., Hammouti B.	2015	Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta	33	3	10.4152/pea.201503137	Laboratory of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, ENSA, Ibn Zohr University, P.O. Box 1136, Agadir, Morocco; Department of Biology, Dr. Tahar Moulay University of Saïda, Algeria; Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, P. O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine; Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; LCAE-URAC 18, University of Mohammed Premier, P.O. Box 717, Oujda, Morocco	Afia, L., Laboratory of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, ENSA, Ibn Zohr University, P.O. Box 1136, Agadir, Morocco; Salghi, R., Laboratory of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, ENSA, Ibn Zohr University, P.O. Box 1136, Agadir, Morocco; Benali, O., Department of Biology, Dr. Tahar Moulay University of Saïda, Algeria; Jodeh, S., Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, P. O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine; Warad, I., Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, P. O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine; Ebenso, E., Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Hammouti, B., LCAE-URAC 18, University of Mohammed Premier, P.O. Box 717, Oujda, Morocco	The effect of linseed oil (LO) on the corrosion of carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique and weight loss measurements. The inhibiting action increases with the concentration of the tested inhibitor. The highest efficiency (98.2%) is obtained at 3g/L of LO. The influence of temperature on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in 1 M HCl, with the addition of LO was also studied. The obtained data from EIS measurements were analyzed to model the corrosion inhibition process through an appropriate equivalent circuit model; a constant phase element (CPE) has been used. Polarization measurements show also that LO acts as a good mixed inhibitor. The inhibition process is attributed to the formation of an adsorbed film of the inhibitor on the metal surface which protects the metal against corrosion. LO is adsorbed on the steel surface according to a Langmuir isotherm adsorption model. The results obtained showed that the linseed oil could serve as an effective green inhibitor of the corrosion of carbon steel in hydrochloric acid medium. © 2015, Sociedade Portuguesa de Electroquimica. All rights reserved.	Carbon steel; Corrosion; Inhibition; Linseed oil	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857892354	Evaluation of heavy metal pollution indices in some water supplies in ebonyi state, Nigeria	Afiukwa J.N.	2011	Pollution Research	30	4	None	Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria	Afiukwa, J.N., Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria	A baseline study of heavy metal contamination levels in drinking water supplies has never been conducted in Ebonyi State since its creation in 1996. Fifty-two water samples comprising 30 underground water and 22 surface water were collected from nine Local Government Areas in Ebonyi State at two different seasons and analyzed for some heavy metal concentrations using Perkin Elmer A Analyst 400 Model AAS. Various pollution indices were used to evaluate some heavy metals pollution levels in public water supplies in the area. The results indicated elevated metal concentrations above the WHO guideline limits for drinking water in the order Pb > Mn > Fe > Cr > Co > Cd > Ni for surface water and Mn > Pb > Cr > Co > Fe > Cd > Ni for under groundwater samples. The pollution indices for the elevated metals decreased in the order: Pb > Mn > Cr > Fe > Co > Cd in surface water and Mn > Co > Cr > Cd in underground water. The study also indicated that surface water was significantly enriched with Pb and Mn compared with groundwater which indicated moderate enrichment with Mn. The overall pollution load index indicated a considerable heavy metals pollution of surface waters and moderately polluted underground water. Seasonal variations were however not significant (P > 0.05). © EM International.	Drinking water and public health; Heavy metals; Pollution indices	concentration (composition); drinking water; groundwater pollution; heavy metal; pollution effect; public health; seasonal variation; water supply; World Health Organization; Ebonyi; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-37349095631	The effect of mode of entry into medical school on performance in the first two years	Afolabi A.O., Mabayoje V.O., Togun V.A., Oyadeyi A.S., Raji Y.	2007	Journal of Medical Sciences	7	6	None	Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University o	Afolabi, A.O., Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Mabayoje, V.O., Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Togun, V.A., Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Oyadeyi, A.S., Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Raji, Y., Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The study was designed to compare the relative performance of students admitted into the Medical Programme through Pre-degree Science with those of students admitted through the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB). The performance indices used were the University 100 level Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) and Physiology examination score during the 200 level Comprehensive Examination. The files of students admitted into the Medical Programme in 1998/1999, 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 Sessions were obtained from the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences. The following data were extracted from each file-age, sex, school certificate result, mode of entry (JAMB, Pre-degree, Direct at 100 level or transfer at 200 level), 100 level CGPA and Physiology score in the 200 level Comprehensive examinations. The study showed that the students admitted through JAMB performed better in 200 level Physiology examinations but there was no correlation between the University Matriculation Examination (UME) Scores and the O-Level aggregate, 100 level CGPA and 200 level Physiology results. The Pre-degree examination score however showed a strong positive correlation with the O-Level aggregate, 100 level CGPA and the 200 level Physiology examination scores. It is therefore recommended that the Pre-degree examination results be used in admitting students into Medicine, as it is a more reliable predictor of success in Medical School Examinations.	CGPA; Direct; JAMB/UME; O-level aggregates; Pre-degree; Transfer	academic achievement; age; article; correlation analysis; education program; intermethod comparison; medical education; medical school; medical student; prediction; reliability; sex difference; task performance	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861130274	Performance and kinetics of Pt-CNT catalyst electrodes in a PEM fuel cell	Afolabi A.S., Abdulkareem A.S., Iyuke S.E., Pienaar H.C.V.Z.	2012	Journal of Materials Research	27	11	10.1557/jmr.2012.71	Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Institute of Applied Electronics, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa	Afolabi, A.S., Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa; Abdulkareem, A.S., Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa; Iyuke, S.E., Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pienaar, H.C.V.Z., Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Institute of Applied Electronics, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa	This study investigated the performance of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) fabricated with various loadings of platinum catalyst on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and sulfonated membrane at constant conditions of duration, temperature and pressure. The fabricated MEA was tested in a single proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell unit using hydrogen and oxygen as fuel and oxidant gases respectively. The results obtained show that the performance of the MEA in the cell improves with increase in loading of the catalyst on the electrodes. The results obtained on kinetics of the fuel cell indicate that the MEA samples fabricated with 30 and 40 wt% Pt catalyst electrodes conform to the Tafel equation whereas the remaining MEA fabricated with 10 and 20 wt% catalyst samples do not obey the Tafel equation due to large values of their overpotential. Hirschenhofer and Tafel equations were used to model the performance of the catalyst electrodes in the cell and the simulated voltage obtained from the former showed better conformity with the experimental voltage than the latter. © Materials Research Society 2012.	None	Catalyst-electrodes; Constant conditions; Membrane electrode assemblies; Overpotential; PEM fuel cell; Platinum catalysts; Pt catalysts; Sulfonated membranes; Tafel equation; Computer simulation; Electrodes; Fabrication; Hydrogen; Loading; Platinum; Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC); Catalysts	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847182124	Evaluation of maize inbred lines for resistance to fusarium ear rot and fumonisin accumulation in grain in Tropical Africa	Afolabi C.G., Ojiambo P.S., Ekpo E.J.A., Menkir A., Bandyopadhyay R.	2007	Plant Disease	91	3	10.1094/PDIS-91-3-0279	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; IITA, P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria	Afolabi, C.G., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Ojiambo, P.S., IITA, P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ekpo, E.J.A., Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Menkir, A., Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Bandyopadhyay, R., IITA, P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria	Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination is a major problem facing maize growers worldwide, and host resistance is the most effective strategy to control the disease, but resistant genotypes have not been identified. In 2003, a total of 103 maize inbred lines were evaluated for Fusarium ear rot caused by Fusarium verticillioides in field trials in Ikenne and Ibadan, Nigeria. Disease was initiated from natural infection in the Ikenne trial and from artificial inoculation in the Ibadan trial. Ear rot severity ranged from 1.0 to 6.0 in both locations in 2003. Fifty-two inbred lines with disease severity •3 (i.e., •10% visible symptoms on ears) were selected and reevaluated in 2004 for ear rot resistance, incidence of discolored kernels, and fumonisin contamination in grain. At both locations, ear rot severity on the selected lines was significantly (P < 0.0020) higher in 2004 than in 2003. The effects of selected inbred lines on disease severity were highly significant at Ikenne (P = 0.0072) and Ibadan (P < 0.0001) in 2004. Inbred lines did not affect incidence of discolored kernels at both locations and across years except at Ikenne (P = 0.0002) in 2004. Similarly, significant effects of inbred lines on fumonisin concentration were observed only at Ikenne (P = 0.0201) in 2004. However, inbred lines 02C14585, 02C14593, 02C14603, 02C14606, 02C14624, and 02C14683 had consistently low disease severity across years and locations. Fumonisin concentration was significantly correlated with ear rot only at Ikenne (R = 0.42, P < 0.0001). Correlation between fumonisin concentration and incidence of discolored kernels was also significant at Ikenne (R = 0.39, P < 0.0001) and Ibadan (R = 0.35, P = 0.0007). At both locations, no significant inbred × year interaction was observed for fumonisin concentration. Five inbred lines, namely 02C14585, 02C14603, 02C14606, 02C14624, and 02C14683, consistently had the lowest fumonisin concentration in both trials. Two of these inbred lines, 02C14624 and 02C14585, had fumonisin levels <5.0 μg/g across years in trials where disease was initiated from both natural infection and artificial inoculation. These lines that had consistently low disease severity are useful for breeding programs to develop fumonisin resistant lines. © 2007 The American Phytopathological Society.	Corn; Mycotoxin	Crops; Grain (agricultural product); Fumonisin contamination; Fusarium ear rot; Mycotoxin; Disease control; Corn; Diseases; Genotypes; Grain; Fusarium; Gibberella moniliformis; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548150699	Evaluation of poultry egg marketing in South-Western Nigeria	Afolabi J.A.	2007	International Journal of Poultry Science	6	5	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Afolabi, J.A., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	The study evaluated poultry egg marketing in Nigeria. It specifically identified the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, examined the market structure for egg in the study area, determined the profitability of egg marketing and determined the influence of some socio-economic characteristics on the sales revenue of respondents. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 200 egg marketers in the study area and structured questionnaire administered on them. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages were used to analyze the socio-economic characteristics of respondents while Gross margin analysis was employed to determine the profitability of the egg business in the study area. Gini coefficient was used to examine the market structure while production function was used to determine the influence of some factors on the sales revenue of respondents. The result showed that only 10% of the respondents were single while the remaining 90% were married. A literacy level of 70.50% was obtained among these marketers. Analysis also revealed that 67% of these marketers were retailers while only 10% were producer/sellers. The profitability analysis showed that an average marketer earned · 4222.55 as gross margin per month. The Gini coefficient of 0.87692 obtained in this study indicates a high level of inequality in income among the respondents. The result also revealed that the regressors explained about 67.1% in the variability of the regressand. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Poultry egg marketing; Profitability of egg business; Socio-economic characteristics	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864994968	The performance and egg quality traits of Nigerian local hens fed varying dietary levels of palm kernel cake with added palm oil	Afolabi K.D., Akinsoyinu A.O., Omojola A.B., Abu O.A.	2012	Journal of Applied Poultry Research	21	3	http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/japr.2011-00493	Livestock Unit, Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, Iyanomo, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Afolabi, K.D., Livestock Unit, Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria, Iyanomo, Benin City, Nigeria; Akinsoyinu, A.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Omojola, A.B., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Abu, O.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	A total of 120 local hens at the point of lay were randomly assigned, 2 per cage, with 10 replicates per diet in a completely randomized design, to 6 palm kernel cake (PKC)-based layer diets that contained 20% CP and 2,700 kcal of ME/kg of feed. The PKC was included at levels of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% in diets 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Diet 1 without PKC served as the control. To make the diets isocaloric, 0.5, 1.48, 3.35, 5.22, 7.11, and 8.98% palm oil was added to diets 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Feed and water were offered ad libitum for 12 wk. The hen-day production (53.8 to 63.3%) peaked at dietary PKC levels of 20 to 40%. Feed conversion ratio was also the lowest in hens fed the 20 to 40% PKC-based diets, but it was poorer than the control diet for those fed 50% PKC. The least hen-day production was obtained for birds on the 50% PKC-based diet. The albumen height (3.16 to 3.73 mm) was highest for eggs laid by hens fed the control and 10% PKC diets. The egg yolk indexes obtained for hens fed 0 to 10% dietary PKC (0.2) were significantly higher than those obtained for hens fed 20 to 50% PKC (0.13 to 0.15). The yolk color score increased significantly (P < 0.05) across the diets (from 1.0 to 5.9) as the level of palm oil increased. The egg weight, egg circumference, eggshell thickness, egg shape index, and weights of the albumen and yolk were similar across diets. Feeding up to 40% PKC with added palm oil had no adverse effect on the performance of Nigerian local hens and the quality of their eggs. ©2012 Poultry Science Association, Inc.	Egg quality; Local hen; Palm kernel cake; Palm oil; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949134309	Effects of aqueous extract of talinum triangulÄre (Leaves): Evaluation of enzymes activities in tissue homogenates of albino rats	Afolabi O.B., Oloyede O.I.	2014	Pharmacologyonline	3	None	None	Department of ChemicalScience, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department ofBiochemistry, Ekiti State University, P.M.B 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Afolabi, O.B., Department of ChemicalScience, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Oloyede, O.I., Department ofBiochemistry, Ekiti State University, P.M.B 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	The effect of water extract of Talinum triangulare was investigated on the activities of enzymes such as aspartate amino transaminase (AST), alanine amino transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), in the serum and tissue homogenates of an adult albino rats along with the serum total protein. The rats were randomly distributed into four treatment groups A-D; with groups B to D administered with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weights orally and the control group A with water orally respectively. The aqueous extract was prepared using the air-dried leaves parts of the plant following a standardized method with the final yield been considered. The serum total protein (g/dl) was significantly different (p<0.05) relatively compared to control group. In the same vein, statistical data of the activities (u/l) of the enzymes was significantly different (P<0.05) in aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) when compared to control groups but significant different (p>0.05) in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) when compared to the control group. © 2015, SILAE (Italo-Latin American Society of Ethnomedicine). All rights reserved.	Alanine aminotransaminase; Alkaline phosphatase; Aspartate aminotransaminase; Phytochemicals	alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; liver protective agent; plant extract; Talinum triangulare extract; unclassified drug; adult; alanine aminotransferase blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; animal experiment; animal tissue; Article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; controlled study; dose response; drug dose comparison; drug effect; drug mechanism; enzyme activity; medicinal plant; nonhuman; plant leaf; protein blood level; rat; Talinum triangulare; tissue homogenate; tissue level	None
WoS	WOS:000313654400002	Impact of intimate partner violence on anxiety and depression amongst women in Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Adewuya, O. A.,Afolabi, O.,Akinsulore, A.,Aloba, O. O.,Makanjuola, R. O. A.,Mapayi, Boladale,Mosaku, S. K.	2013	ARCHIVES OF WOMENS MENTAL HEALTH	16	1	10.1007/s00737-012-0307-x	Obafemi Awolowo University, Lagos State Univ	"Afolabi, O.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Akinsulore, A.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Aloba, O. O.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Makanjuola, R. O. A.: Obafemi Awolowo University","Mapayi, Boladale: Obafemi Awolowo University","Mosaku, S. K.: Obafemi Awolowo University",	Research into intimate partner violence in the Nigerian environment has been limited. The objective of this study was to determine, amongst a sample of women attending the Enuwa Primary Health Care Center, Ile-Ife, the association between intimate partner violence and anxiety/depression. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 373 women who attended the antenatal clinic and welfare units of a primary health centre in Ile-Ife using the Composite Abuse Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and a socio-demographic scale as instruments. Slightly over a third (36.7 %) reported intimate partner violence within the past year, 5.6 % had anxiety and 15.5 % were depressed. Anxiety and depression in the respondents were significantly associated with intimate partner violence. Women were ten times more likely to report being depressed and 17 times more likely to report anxiety if they were in violent relationships. This research has shown that the magnitude of intimate partner violence within the study population is comparable to those found in the developing countries. There are significant associations between intimate partner violence, anxiety and depression amongst the study population and this fact undoubtedly has implications for the mental health of the Nigerian woman.	Anxiety,DEPRESSION,Ile-Ife,"intimate partner violence","PRIMARY HEALTH",ABUSE,ADULT,GENERAL-PRACTICE,HEALTH,"HOSPITAL ANXIETY",MENTAL-DISORDERS,POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS,PREVALENCE,SCALE,SOUTH-AFRICA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-19544379146	Comparative reliability evaluation of lateritic soils as hydraulic barriers	Afolayan J.O., Nwaiwu C.M., Osinubi K.J.	2005	Geotechnical and Geological Engineering	23	5	10.1007/s10706-004-1199-y	Department of Civil Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri 600004 Borno State, Nigeria	Afolayan, J.O., Department of Civil Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Nwaiwu, C.M., Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri 600004 Borno State, Nigeria; Osinubi, K.J., Department of Civil Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	A numerical investigation to determine the existence or otherwise of congruence between laboratory-based and field-based models for predicting hydraulic conductivity of compacted clay liners has been conducted. The comparisons here are based on values of the reliability index estimated with the use of the two models for cases when hydraulic conductivity is assumed to be normally and lognormally distributed. The laboratory reduced Proctor and modified Proctor compactive efforts were assumed to correspond to the lowest and highest compactor weights (165 kN and 338 kN for sheepsfoot rollers only from literature) respectively. The standard Proctor compactive effort was assumed to correspond to the mean compactor weight of 261.4 kN. Reliability estimates from the laboratory-based model were consistently higher than the corresponding values from the field-based model for each of the variables common to the two models. As laboratory samples usually involve small samples which are often unrepresentative of field situations, it is considered that reliability levels estimated with the use of the field-based model provide more realistic assessment of compacted lateritic soils as hydraulic barriers. Compactor weight of 300 kN and above may be needed for effective compaction of lateritic soil liners. Reliability-based designs of lateritic soil liners should incorporate appropriate probability distribution types for variables in the field-based model. © Springer 2005.	Compactor weights; Congruence of laboratory and field models; Hydraulic conductivity; Laboratory compactive efforts; Lateritic soil liners; Reliability index	Clay; Compaction; Hydraulic conductivity; Mathematical models; Parabolic antennas; Probability distributions; Clay liners; Hydraulic barriers; Lateritic soils; Soil liners; Soils; geotechnical engineering	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960708218	Mechanical performance of polyisoprene used in building a flapping foil underwater robot	Afolayan M.O., Yawas D.S., Folayan C.O., Aku S.Y.	2011	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	3	6	None	Mechanical Engineering Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Afolayan, M.O., Mechanical Engineering Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Yawas, D.S., Mechanical Engineering Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Folayan, C.O., Mechanical Engineering Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Aku, S.Y., Mechanical Engineering Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Imitating living object mechanically is the current trend in the frontier of robotics. A better imitation is assured if the material used for the joints is a biological equivalent. Polyisoprene (Natural Rubber) has some physical properties that is close to muscle material and is thus presented in this work. The problem of it becoming soft as it get involved in repetitive task of oscillation and bearing weights of attached part led to designing a dedicated testing machine to find out the rate not to exceed. The rubber sample used was found to show significant softening at frequency of 25 Hz. The polyisoprene material was used to build simple planar joint and adapted for flapping foil underwater robot in the form of a Mackerel robotic fish (394.01 mm long). A test at frequency of 2 Hz (an average swimming value) works perfectly well - it has proper kinematics as that of a living fish. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2011.	Biomimetic; Elastomer; Fish robot; Hyper-redundant robots; Rubber	Current trends; Fish robot; Flapping foil; Hyper-redundant robot; In-buildings; Mechanical performance; Repetitive task; Robotic fishes; Testing machine; Underwater robots; Biological materials; Biomimetics; Robotics; Rubber; Robots	None
WoS	WOS:000208555600001	Impact of Floods on Livelihoods and Vulnerability of Natural Resource Dependent Communities in Northern Ghana	Afrifa, Ernest K. A.,Armah, Frederick A.,Odoi, Justice O.,Yawson, David O.,Yengoh, Genesis T.	2010	WATER	2	2	10.3390/w2020120	Lund University, University of Cape Coast, Ghana Nat Today	"Afrifa, Ernest K. A.: University of Cape Coast","Armah, Frederick A.: University of Cape Coast","Yawson, David O.: University of Cape Coast","Yengoh, Genesis T.: Lund University",	Sub-Sahara Africa is considered to be most vulnerable to climate variability including flooding. The frequency and severity of floods in Northern Ghana over the last decade has increased considerably. Through qualitative modelling the paper explores the impact of floods on natural resource dependent communities in Northern Ghana. Simplified causal loop diagrams are used to conceptualise flood-induced coping strategies in the study area. The results indicate that some characteristics of the socio-cultural environment appear to mitigate risk and reduce vulnerability. In this context, the role of social networks in enhancing livelihood security is essential. The paper concludes that both in case of seasonal variations in agricultural output and floods, individuals that have effectively diversified their livelihoods, both occupationally and geographically, are less sensitive than individuals who mainly achieve entitlement to food via crop cultivation. However, diversification in this case, is effective only in the short term.	COMMUNITIES,ENVIRONMENT,FLOODS,livelihoods,"Northern Ghana",VULNERABILITY	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650002419	Performance of the Cockcroft-Gault and MDRD equations in adult Nigerians with chronic kidney disease	Agaba E.I., Wigwe C.M., Agaba P.A., Tzamaloukas A.H.	2009	International Urology and Nephrology	41	3	10.1007/s11255-008-9515-8	Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 2076, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria; University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria; APIN Center, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos Plateau State, N	Agaba, E.I., Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 2076, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria; Wigwe, C.M., University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria; Agaba, P.A., APIN Center, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria; Tzamaloukas, A.H., Renal Section, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System and Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States	Background: Estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is required in the assessment of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in order to provide information regarding the functional status of the kidneys. Current guidelines advocate the use of prediction equations, such as the Cockcroft-Gault (CG) formula and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study-derived equations, over clearance of endogenous creatinine (Ccr) in achieving this aim. We were interested in knowing the accuracy of these equations in predicting the GFR in adult Nigerians with CKD. Methods: We conducted a review of records of patients who were evaluated for CKD at the Nephrology Clinic of the Jos University Teaching Hospital between 2001 and 2003. We compared the CG and MDRD equations against the Ccr in predicting the GFR in 130 patients (88 males and 42 females) with CKD. Results: The means ± standard deviation (SD) for the measured and predicted GFR by the CG and MDRD equations were similar (17.6 ± 25.8 ml/min, 19.9 ± 24.0 ml/min and 21.5 ± 28.2 ml/min, respectively; analysis of variance [ANOVA], F = 0.68, P = 0.5). The mean difference between CG and Ccr was -2.2 ± 14.8 ml/min, with discordance at Ccr values >25 ml/min. The mean difference between MDRD and Ccr was -3.9 ± 18.1 ml/min, with discordance at Ccr values >40 ml/min. Conclusion: The CG and MDRD equations provide reliable alternatives to measured Ccr in the estimation of the GFR in Nigerian patients with CKD. © Springer Science+Business Media, B.V. 2009.	Africans; Chronic kidney disease; Cockcroft-Gault; Glomerular filtration rate; MDRD	creatinine; adult; article; chronic kidney disease; Cockcroft Gault equation; controlled study; creatinine clearance; diagnostic accuracy; female; glomerulus filtration rate; human; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; male; mathematical parameters; medical record review; Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation; Nigeria; prediction; reliability; Adult; Chronic Disease; Creatinine; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Mathematics; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940329574	Prevalence, determinants and impact of unawareness about the health consequences of tobacco use among 17 929 school personnel in 29 African countries	Agaku I.T., Filippidis F.T.	2014	BMJ Open	4	8	10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005837	Africa Tobacco Control Regional Initiative, Ogba-Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom	Agaku, I.T., Africa Tobacco Control Regional Initiative, Ogba-Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Filippidis, F.T., School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom	Objectives: To assess prevalence, determinants and impact of unawareness about the health consequences of tobacco use among school personnel in Africa. Design: Cross-sectional surveys. Setting: Twenty-nine African countries. Participants: Representative samples of school personnel from 29 African countries (n=17 929), using data from the 2006-2011 Global School Personnel Surveys. Outcome: We assessed if school personnel were aware of the following five facts about tobacco use: (1) tobacco use is addictive; (2) secondhand smoke exposure is harmful; (3) smoking causes lung cancer; (4) smoking causes heart disease and (5) smoking does not cause malaria. Using multivariate logistic regression, we measured the impact of unawareness of the health consequences of tobacco use on behaviour and attitudes towards tobacco control. Results: A median of 62.6% of school personnel were unaware of at least one health consequence of tobacco use. School personnel in countries with mandatory cigarette health warning labels had lower odds of being unaware of any health consequence of tobacco use than countries where health warning labels were not mandatory (adjusted OR [aOR]=0.51; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.71). A significant dose-response relationship was seen between being ignorant of 1; 2; or ≥3 tobacco use health consequences respectively (compared with not being ignorant of any), and the odds of the following outcomes: non-support of bans on tobacco industry sponsorship of school or extracurricular activities (aOR=1.47; 1.91; and 2.98); non-support of bans on all tobacco advertisements (aOR=1.24; 1.78; and 2.68) and non-support of policies prohibiting tobacco use by school personnel on campus (aOR=1.79; 4.45; and 4.56). Conclusions: Unawareness of the health consequences of tobacco use was associated with poor support for tobacco control policies. Intensified efforts are needed in African countries to warn about the dangers of tobacco use.	None	administrative personnel; adult; advertizing; article; attitude to health; awareness; Burkina Faso; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Congo; controlled study; cross-sectional study; Djibouti; Eritrea; female; Ghana; Guinea-Bissau; health care policy; health care survey; health impact assessment; heart disease; human; human experiment; Lesotho; Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; lung cancer; malaria; Malawi; male; Mauritania; Mauritius; Morocco; Namibia; Niger; normal human; passive smoking; Rwanda; school; school personnel; Senegal; Seychelles; Sierra Leone; smoking; Somalia; South Africa; Sudan; Swaziland; tobacco; tobacco industry; tobacco use; Togo; Tunisia; Uganda; Zimbabwe; adolescent; adverse effects; Africa; awareness; health; middle aged; prevalence; school; Tobacco Use Disorder; university; passive smoking; Adolescent; Adult; Africa; Awareness; Cross-Sectional Studies; Faculty; Female; Health; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Schools; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Tobacco Use Disorder	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051975260	The impact of socio-demographic and religious factors upon sexual behavior among Ugandan university students	Agardh A., Tumwine G., Östergren P.-O.	2011	PLoS ONE	6	8	10.1371/journal.pone.0023670	Department of Clinical Sciences, Social Medicine and Global Health, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Francis Hospital Nsambya, Kampala, Uganda	Agardh, A., Department of Clinical Sciences, Social Medicine and Global Health, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Tumwine, G., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Francis Hospital Nsambya, Kampala, Uganda; Östergren, P.-O., Department of Clinical Sciences, Social Medicine and Global Health, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden	Introduction: More knowledge is needed about structural factors in society that affect risky sexual behaviors. Educational institutions such as universities provide an opportune arena for interventions among young people. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sociodemographic and religious factors and their impact on sexual behavior among university students in Uganda. Methods: In 2005, 980 university students (response rate 80%) were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Validated instruments were used to assess socio-demographic and religious factors and sexual behavior. Logistic regression analyses were applied. Results: Our findings indicated that 37% of the male and 49% of the female students had not previously had sex. Of those with sexual experience, 46% of the males and 23% of the females had had three or more sexual partners, and 32% of the males and 38% of the females did not consistently use condoms. For those who rated religion as less important in their family, the probability of early sexual activity and having had a high number of lifetime partners increased by a statistically significant amount (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2-2.4 and OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-2.3, respectively). However, the role of religion seemed to have no impact on condom use. Being of Protestant faith interacted with gender: among those who had debuted sexually, Protestant female students were more likely to have had three or more lifetime partners; the opposite was true for Protestant male students. Conclusion: Religion emerged as an important determinant of sexual behavior among Ugandan university students. Our findings correlate with the increasing number of conservative religious injunctions against premarital sex directed at young people in many countries with a high burden. of HIV/AIDS. Such influence of religion must be taken into account in order to gain a deeper understanding of the forces that shape sexual behavior in Uganda. © 2011 Agardh et al.	None	adult; article; condom; controlled study; correlation analysis; demography; family; female; human; male; questionnaire; religion; sex difference; sexual behavior; sexuality; social aspect; Uganda; university student; validation study; demography; ethics; psychological aspect; socioeconomics; student; university; Demography; Female; Humans; Male; Questionnaires; Religion; Sexual Behavior; Socioeconomic Factors; Students; Uganda; Universities; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949686387	Evaluation of microbial systems for biotreatment of cassava mill waste water in Nigeria: biodegradation of cyanide	Agarry S.E., Owabor C.N.	2012	International Journal of Environmental Engineering	4	04-Mar	10.1504/IJEE.2012.050771	Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin-City, Nigeria	Agarry, S.E., Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Owabor, C.N., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin-City, Nigeria	The capability of six isolated bacterial strains to utilise cyanide in cassava mill wastewater as a nitrogen source in a batch bioreactor was examined and evaluated. The results revealed that all the isolates were capable of degrading cyanide with percent degradation between 60 and 94% in 96 h. There was high positive correlation between cyanide biodegradation and microbial growth (0.90 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.97). The Monod kinetic model adequately described the dynamic behaviour of cyanide degradation by the different bacterial isolates. Thus, the study revealed the possibility of using the bacterial isolates in the biotreatment of cyanide waste effluents. © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	bacterial isolates; bioremediation; cassava mill wastewater; cyanide removal; Monod kinetic model	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33744482828	Comparison of yield performance and profitability in hybrid yam varieties cultivated under staked and unstaked production systems	Agbaje G.O., Adegbite A.A.	2006	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	4	2	None	Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, PMB 5029, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Agbaje, G.O., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, PMB 5029, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adegbite, A.A., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, PMB 5029, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	The use of stakes in yam production poses environmental hazards due to its effect on rapid deforestation of the forest ecology. The practice is cumbersome, labour intensive and it is a major cost input that makes yam production expensive and less profitable. To discourage this practice, fourteen hybrid lines and four local cultivars of white Guinea yam varieties were screened (2002-2004) for yield performance under staked and unstaked production practices. The experiment was carried out in the rain forest research substation of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria, located in Orin-Ekiti. The results showed that seven of the the eight hybrid varieties evaluated in 2002 except TDr 89/02565 showed no significant yield difference between staked and unstaked practice. In 2003 and 2004, 87-89% of the eighteen lines/cultivars evaluated gave similar yields (P<0.05) under staked and unstaked practice including TDr 89/02565. The highest tuber yields in both staking and non-staking systems were obtained from varieties TDr 89/02665 and TDr 89/02565. For TDr 89/02665, yields were not significantly different between staked and unstaked in all the years of trial. Economic analysis showed that the local cultivars, N010, 93-31 and 93-2, whether staked or unstaked, gave negative returns while hybrid varieties TDr 89/02665 and TDr 89/02565 gave the highest net returns of over $2,000 per hectare. The benefit to cost ratio was >1.0 in 2002 and 2004 in TDr 89/02665 and TDr 89/02565 while other varieties had <1.0 in all the three years of the trial. This indicated that the highest yielding varieties gave highest net returns under staked and unstaked systems. The results suggest that breeding for increased tuber yield potential in yam is essential for profitable yam production under unstaked production system.	Benefit to cost ratio; Dioscorea rotundata Poir; Economic analysis; Tuber yield	Dioscorea alata; Dioscorea rotundata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054112742	Evaluation of post-operative sensitivity and secondary caries in posterior composite restorations: A12month study	Agbaje L.O., Shaba O.P., Adegbulugbe I.C.	2010	Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice	13	4	None	Dental Department, Lagos General Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Agbaje, L.O., Dental Department, Lagos General Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Shaba, O.P., Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Adegbulugbe, I.C., Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Objective: To evaluate post-operative sensitivity and secondary caries associated with posterior composite restoration. Materials and Methods: The study involved restoration of occlusal andproximo-occlusal caries on premolars and molars of 62 patients seen at the out-patient clinic of the restorative department of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. The restorations were completed with a micro-hybrid light curing resin composite (Unolux BCS, UnoDent, England). Following total etch procedure and use of a type 2 (5th generation/one-bottle) adhesive. The USPHSC or modified Ryge criteria was employed for direct evaluation of the restorations over the 12 month period. Results: Post-operative sensitivity was 3.5% Bravo at baseline and 1.7% Bravo at 12 months. No significant change in result was recorded for post-operative sensitivity at the end of the evaluation period. 100% was recorded for the absence of secondary caries throughout the evaluation period up till the 6th month when a failed restoration scored 1.7% Bravo. At 12 months Alpha scores for secondary caries was 98.3%. Conclusion: Post-operative sensitivity was kept to a minimum and there were no occurrences of secondary caries.	Composite Restoration; Posterior Teeth; Sensitivity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054102848	Evaluation of the mechanical and physical properties of a posterior resin composite in posterior adult teeth	Agbaje L.O., Shaba O.P., Adegbulugbe I.C.	2010	Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice	13	4	None	Dental Department, Lagos General Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Agbaje, L.O., Dental Department, Lagos General Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Shaba, O.P., Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Adegbulugbe, I.C., Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Objective: To evaluate the mechanical and physical properties of a micro-hybrid resin composite used in adult posterior restorations Materials and Methods: A micro-hybrid, light curing resin composite Unolux BCS Composite Restorative, (UnoDent, England) was used to restore 74 carious classes I and II cavities on posterior teeth of 62 adult patients. The restorations were evaluated immediately following placement (Baseline), at 1 week, 3months, 6months and 12months using the United States Public Health Service Criteria/Modified Ryge criteria for direct evaluation. Color matching, marginal stains and adaptation, wear and surface texture were evaluated. Ranging from best to the worst, the ratings were, Alfa, Bravo and Charlie. Results: 58 restorations were available for review at the 12th month evaluation, 15 patients bearing 21.6% of the restorations were lost to recall. Colour match scores were 89.6% Alpha at baseline and 74.1% at 12-month review. Marginal staining were 100% Alpha at baseline and 98.3% Alpha at the end of the evaluation period. Marginal adaptation at baseline was 100% Alpha this value dropped to 94.8% by the 12th month. Anatomical wear scores were 100% Alpha at baseline and scores dropped to 93.1% at the 12-month evaluation. At baseline, Alpha scores for Surface texture were 100%. A drop in Alpha scores to 93.1% at the first week review was maintained till the 12 month. Conclusion: Carefully controlled placement of micro-hybrid resin composite using the total etch and type 2 (one-bottle) adhesive can produce satisfactory posterior restorations on permanent teeth.	Composite adult teeth; Evaluation; Posterior resin; Properties	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872854079	Impact of hepatitis C virus on HIV response to antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria	Agbaji O., Thio C.L., Meloni S., Graham C., Muazu M., Nimzing L., Idoko J., Sankalé J.-L., Ekong E., Murphy R., Kanki P., Hawkins C.	2013	Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes	62	2	10.1097/QAI.0b013e31827ce536	Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Department of Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Heal	Agbaji, O., Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Thio, C.L., Department of Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Meloni, S., Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Graham, C., Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Muazu, M., Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Nimzing, L., Division of Hepatology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Idoko, J., Department of Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria; Sankalé, J.-L., Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Ekong, E., Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Murphy, R., Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Kanki, P., Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Hawkins, C., Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States	The effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) response in patients in sub-Saharan Africa is unknown. We studied 1431 HIV-infected ART initiators in Jos, Nigeria, of whom 6% were HCV coinfected. A similar proportion of HIV/HCV-coinfected and HIV-monoinfected patients achieved HIV RNA <400 copies per milliliter after 24 and 48 weeks of ART (P > 0.05). Hepatotoxicity was uncommon (0.8% and 0.33% at 24 and 48 weeks, respectively) but was more common in the HIV/HCV-coinfected group at 24 (adjusted odds ratio = 19.3; 95% confidence interval: 4.41 to 84.4) and 48 weeks (adjusted odds ratio = 56.7; 95% confidence interval: 5.03 to 636.92). HCV did not significantly impact ART response in this Nigerian cohort. Copyright © 2012 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Africa; antiretroviral therapy; hepatitis C; HIV	antiretrovirus agent; efavirenz; emtricitabine plus tenofovir disoproxil; lamivudine; nevirapine; stavudine; virus RNA; zidovudine; adult; antiviral therapy; article; female; hepatitis C; Hepatitis C virus; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; liver toxicity; major clinical study; male; mixed infection; Nigeria; priority journal; treatment response; Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Benzoxazines; Coinfection; Deoxycytidine; Drug Combinations; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug-Induced Liver Injury; Female; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C, Chronic; HIV Infections; Humans; Lamivudine; Logistic Models; Male; Nevirapine; Nigeria; Organophosphorus Compounds; RNA, Viral; Stavudine; Zidovudine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886784599	Evaluation of Naturally Occurring Radioactivity Materials (NORM) of Soil and Sediments in Oil and Gas Wells in Western Niger Delta Region of Nigeria	Agbalagba E.O., Avwiri G.O., Ononugbo C.P.	2013	Environmental Earth Sciences	70	6	10.1007/s12665-013-2312-4	Department of Physics, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Agbalagba, E.O., Department of Physics, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria; Avwiri, G.O., Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Ononugbo, C.P., Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Oil mineral leases (30, 58 and 61) in Delta and River States are the major oil blocks in the oil and gas rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria that is characterized by environmental degradation from oil and gas activities. This research work presents an analytical approach on natural radioactivity assessment in soil and sediment in 15 oil fields of these OMLs. Concentrations of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) were determined using gamma spectroscopy. The mean activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K for OML30 is 40.2 ± 5.1, 29.9 ± 4.2 and 361.5 ± 20.0 Bq kg-1, respectively; the corresponding values obtained for OML58 is 20.9 ± 2.8, 19.4 ± 2.5 and 260.0 ± 14.1 Bq kg-1, respectively. While the mean activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K for OML61 is 29.3 ± 3.5, 21.6 ± 2.6 and 262.1 ± 14.6 Bq kg-1, respectively. These values obtained show enhanced NORMs, but are well within the world range and values reported in some regions and countries of the world, and are slightly above control values, values obtained in Southwestern region of Nigeria and some countries reported average values. The study also examined some radiation hazard indices, the mean values obtained are 86.6 ± 9.3 Bq kg-1, 0.6 Bq kg-1, 40.8 ηGy h-1, 0.05 μSv y-1, 0.2 and 0.3 for radium equivalent activity (Raeq), representative level index (Iγ), absorbed dose rates (D), annual effective dose rates (E ff dose), external hazard index (H ex) and internal hazard index (H in), respectively. These calculated hazard indices to estimate the potential radiological health risk in soil and sediment are well below their permissible limits. The soil and sediments from the study area provide no excessive exposures for the inhabitants and can be used as construction materials without posing any radiological threat or harm to the public users. However, oil-field workers and host community residents are cautioned against excess exposure to avoid future accumulative dose of these radiations from sludge and sediment of this area. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Niger Delta; NORM; Oil field soil; Oil mineral lease	Absorbed dose rates (d); Field soil; Mean activity concentrations; Niger Delta; NORM; Oil mineral lease; Radiation hazard indices; Radium equivalent activity; Natural gas wells; Oil fields; Radiation hazards; Radiology; Soils; Ultraviolet spectroscopy; Sediments; concentration (composition); environmental degradation; gamma ray spectrometry; gas well; hazard assessment; health risk; oil field; oil well; pollution exposure; public health; radioactivity; radionuclide; radium isotope; resident population; sediment pollution; sludge; soil pollution; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955960146	Evaluation of natural radioactivity in soil, sediment and water samples of Niger Delta (Biseni) flood plain lakes, Nigeria	Agbalagba E.O., Onoja R.A.	2011	Journal of Environmental Radioactivity	102	7	10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.03.002	Department of Physics, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria; Dept. of Radiation Biophysics, Centre for Energy Research and Training, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Agbalagba, E.O., Department of Physics, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria; Onoja, R.A., Dept. of Radiation Biophysics, Centre for Energy Research and Training, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	This paper presents the findings of a baseline study undertaken to evaluate the natural radioactivity levels in soil, sediment and water samples in four flood plain lakes of the Niger Delta using a hyper pure germanium (HPGe) detector. The activity profile of radionuclides shows low activity across the study area. The mean activity level of the natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K is 20 ± 3, 20 ± 3 and 180 ± 50 Bq kg-1, respectively. These values are well within values reported elsewhere in the country and in other countries with similar environments. The study also examined some radiation hazard indices. The mean values obtained are, 76 ± 14 Bq kg-1, 30 ± 5.5 ηGy h-1, 37 ± 6.8 μSv y-1, 0.17 and 0.23 for Radium Equivalent Activity (Raeq), Absorbed Dose Rates (D), Annual Effective Dose Rates (Eff Dose), External Hazard Index (Hex) and Internal Hazard Index (Hin) respectively. All the health hazard indices are well below their recommended limits. The soil and sediments from the study area provide no excessive exposures for inhabitants and can be used as construction materials without posing any significant radiological threat to the population. The water is radiologically safe for domestic and industrial use. The paper recommends further studies to estimate internal and external doses from other suspected radiological sources to the population of the Biseni kingdom. © 2011.	Flood plain lakes; Natural radioactivity; Niger delta; Nigeria	Absorbed dose rate; Activity levels; Activity profile; Annual effective dose; Construction materials; External dose; External hazard index; Flood plain lakes; Flood plains; Hazard indices; Industrial use; Internal hazard index; Mean values; Natural radioactivity; Natural radionuclides; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Radiological sources; Radium equivalent activity; Soil and sediment; Study areas; Water samples; Anoxic sediments; Germanium; Health hazards; Health risks; Industrial applications; Lakes; Radiation; Radiation hazards; Radioisotopes; Radiology; Radiometry; Radium; Sedimentology; Soils; Radioactivity; germanium; potassium 40; radium 226; radon; thorium 232; water; detection method; floodplain; germanium; radioactive pollution; radioactivity; radionuclide; radium isotope; sediment pollution; soil pollution; thorium isotope; absorbed dose rate; annual effective dose rate; article; external hazard index; gamma radiation; internal hazard index; lake sediment; natural radioactivity; Nigeria; radiation detection; radiation exposure; radiation hazard; radiation safety; radiological parameters; radium equivalent activity; soil; Background Radiation; Fresh Water; Geologic Sediments; Nigeria; Potassium Radioisotopes; Radiation Monitoring; Radium; Soil; Thorium; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84961333167	Radiological impact of oil spilled environment: A case study of the Eriemu well 13 and 19 oil spillage in Ughelli region of delta state, Nigeria	Agbalagba O.E., Meindinyoc R.K.	2010	Indian Journal of Science and Technology	3	9	10.17485/ijst/2010/v3i9/29876	University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Bayelsa State College of Education, Okpoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria	Agbalagba, O.E., University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Bayelsa State College of Education, Okpoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Meindinyoc, R.K., University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Bayelsa State College of Education, Okpoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria	A six years of radiation impact assessment in an oil spillage environment and the host communities in Ughelli region of delta state have been conducted, using a digilert nuclear radiation monitor meter and a geographical positioning system (GPS). Measurements were made in 20 sites, 6 host communities and a control sample spread across the affected area. Measured average location values ranged between 0.010 mRh-1 (0.532 mSv y-1) to 0.019 mRh-1(1.010 mSv y-1). The yearly exposure rate ranged between 0.013±0.006 mRh-1(0.692±0.080 mSvy-1) to 0.016±0.005 mRh-1 (0.851±0.100 mSv y-1) in the oil spillage area. The host communities' values ranged between 0.011 mRh-1(0.585 mSv y-1) to 0.015 mRh-1(0.798 mSv y-1) with an average value of 0.010 mRh-1(0.532 mSv y-1) recorded at the control sample. The radiation levels within these oil spillage areas and the host communities were of 55% and 33.3% respectively above the normal background level of 0.013 mRh-1. The average equivalent dose rate obtained was higher than the 0.478 ηSv/y normal background level but was within the safe limit of 0.05 Sv y-1 recommended by ICRP and NCRP. These values obtained will not pose any immediate radiological health hazard to the host communities and workers within this environment. © Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee).	Oil spillage; Radiological impact; Ughelli region; Well 13 and 19	None	None
WoS	WOS:000304490600006	A longitudinal evaluation of religiosity and psychosocial determinants of suicidal behaviors among a population-based sample in the United States	Agbanu, Harry L. K.,Agbanu, Samuel Kwami,Diedhiou, Abdoulaye,Nkansah-Amankra, Stephen,Opoku-Adomako, Nana Serwaa,Twumasi-Ankrah, Philip	2012	JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS	139	1	10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.027	Central Michigan University, University of Ghana, University of Kansas, University of Kansas Medical Center, University of South Carolina, University of South Carolina Columbia, University of South Carolina System, IntraHlth Int, Somerset Christian Coll	"Agbanu, Harry L. K.: University of Ghana","Nkansah-Amankra, Stephen: Central Michigan University","Opoku-Adomako, Nana Serwaa: Central Michigan University","Twumasi-Ankrah, Philip: University of Kansas","Twumasi-Ankrah, Philip: University of Kansas Medical Center",	Background: Relationships among religiosity and other psychosocial factors in determining suicidal behaviors in adolescence and in emerging adulthood have been inconclusive. We sought to investigate prospective relationships among religiosity, psychosocial factors and suicidal behaviors using a nationally representative sample of adolescents emerging into adulthood. Method: Analysis was based on 9412 respondents from four waves of National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. A Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) procedure was used to fit a series of models on the response variable (suicidal behaviors) and a set of psychosocial and religiosity predictors taking into account the correlated structure of the datasets. Results: Analyses showed that adolescent suicidality and religious activity participation showed significant declines over time. Using multinomial logistic regression we found that females showed statistically significant risks of suicidal behaviors, but this effect declined in adulthood. In adjusted models, baseline attendance of a church weekly was associated with 42% reduction (95% Confidence Interval: 0.35-0.98) of suicide ideation in Wave III. Across all waves, low support from fathers (compared with mothers) consistently explained variability in suicidal behaviors among genders emerging into adulthood. Limitations: Accurate measurement of religiosity is psychometrically challenging. Conclusions: The findings of the study indicate that religious activity participation is associated with reduced suicidal behaviors among adolescents but this effect declines during emerging adulthood. Psychosocial supports particularly from fathers' have an enduring impact on reduced suicidal behaviors among adolescents and emerging adults. Prevention, identification and evaluation of disorders of suicidality need a careful assessment of underlying mental pain (psyache) to reduce the likelihood of aggravated suicide. Published by Elsevier B.V.	"Private religiosity","Public religiosity",SPIRITUALITY,"SUICIDAL BEHAVIORS","AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS",DEPRESSION,DEVELOPMENTAL-TRENDS,GENDER-DIFFERENCES,INVOLVEMENT,MENTAL-HEALTH,"OLDER DUTCH CITIZENS",SELF-ESTEEM,SPIRITUALITY,"YOUNG ADULTHOOD"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649247964	Computer efficacy, use and phobia: Contributions to Nigerian undergraduates' academic performance in a computer graphics course	Agbatogun A.O., Banjo B.O.	2010	Meridian	13	1	None	University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; University of Lagos, Nigeria; Instructional Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria; University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria	Agbatogun, A.O., University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom, University of Lagos, Nigeria, Instructional Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria; Banjo, B.O., University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria	This study investigated the extent to which computer efficacy, computer use, and computer phobia predicted the level of students' academic performance in a Computer Graphics course. One hundred eighty-nine undergraduates of the Faculty of Education, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria, served as the sample for this study. The study sample responded to four instruments: Computer Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES), Computer Use Scale (CUS), Computer Phobia Scale (CPS) and Computer Performance Test (CPT). Pearson Product Moment Correlation, Multiple Regression and Analysis of Variance statistical tools were used to investigate the predictive capacity of the independent on the dependent variables. The findings revealed the three independent variables, when taken together, were effective in predicting students' academic performance in a Computer Graphics course. Meanwhile, each of the variables also contributed to the prediction of students' academic performance in a Computer Graphics course with computer use making the highest and a significant contribution to the prediction of the outcome measure (students' academic performance in a Computer Graphics course). On the basis of these findings, it was suggested higher education institutions in developing countries should make a major paradigm shift from the traditional instructional environment to promoting paperless classrooms and facilitate students' intense use of computer technologies by making assignments and projects writing, seminar presentations, display of course outlines and reference materials, and academic enquiries more computer-oriented.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-10244219995	Studies of the chemical composition and protein quality evaluation of differently processed Canavalia ensiformis and Mucuna pruriens seed flours	Agbede J.O., Aletor V.A.	2005	Journal of Food Composition and Analysis	18	1	10.1016/j.jfca.2003.10.011	Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, Dept. of Animal Production/Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Agbede, J.O., Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, Dept. of Animal Production/Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Aletor, V.A., Division of Nutritional Biochemistry, Dept. of Animal Production/Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Differently processed seed flours of Canavalia ensiformis and Mucuna pruriens were characterized with respect to their proximate composition, gross energy, mineral and amino acid contents. The anti-nutrients typified by phytin, lectin, trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA), tannin and cyanide were also quantified and this was followed by protein quality evaluation with the rat. The result showed that C. ensiformis contained on the average: crude protein 24.2±2.2, ash 3.1±0.6 and ether extract 11.1±0.9 g/100 g DM while M. pruriens contained on the average: CP 25.7±1.4, ash 4.1±1.4 and EE 9.6±2.8 g/100 g DM. The gross energy varied from 1.65 to 2.07 MJ/100 g for C. ensiformis with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 6.74% while it varied from 1.66 to 2.07 MJ/100 g with a CV of 6.19% for M. pruriens due to processing. The seed flours contained a good array of amino acids but were low in cystine and methionine. Also the two flours contained appreciable levels of Na, K, Ca, Mg and P as well as some minor minerals such as Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu. The levels of these minerals were higher in the raw flours and tended to be low, in most cases, in dehulled flours. Processing significantly reduced and in some cases eliminated the anti-nutrients quantified. The protein quality evaluation of the legume seeds clearly indicated their unsuitability even in the processed forms, as sole sources of dietary protein in human nutrition. However, given their high yield potentials these seeds could play valuable roles as supplemental nutrient sources to some farm products used in food formulation for man in most developing countries where hunger is endemic. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Anti-nutrients; Canavalia Ensiformis; Mucuna pruriens; Nutrient; Processing	calcium; copper; cyanide; cysteine; iron; lectin; magnesium; manganese; methionine; phosphorus; potassium; sodium; tannin; trypsin inhibitor; zinc; amino acid analysis; amino acid composition; article; Canavalia; chemical composition; chemical procedures; controlled study; cooking; flour; food composition; food processing; high performance liquid chromatography; nonhuman; plant seed; protein quality; statistical analysis; statistical significance; velvet bean; Canavalia; Canavalia ensiformis; Fraxinus; Mucuna; Mucuna pruriens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863207454	Evaluation of chosen fruit seeds oils as potential biofuel	Agbede O.O., Alade A.O., Adebayo G.A., Salam K.K., Bakare T.	2012	International Agrophysics	26	2	10.2478/v10247-012-0028-4	Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria; Department of Biotechnology Engineering, International Islamic University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University Research Farm, Ladoke Akintola University of Te	Agbede, O.O., Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria; Alade, A.O., Department of Biotechnology Engineering, International Islamic University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Adebayo, G.A., Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria; Salam, K.K., Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria; Bakare, T., University Research Farm, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria	Oils available in mango, tangerine and African star seeds were extracted and characterized to determine their fuel worthiness for biofuel production. Furthermore, the fuel properties of the three oils were within the range observed for some common oil seeds like rapeseed, soybean and sunflower, which are widely sourced for the production of biodiesel on an industrial scale. The low iodine values of the oil extend their applications as non-drying oil for lubrication purposes, however, the fuel properties exhibited by the oils enlist them as potential oil seeds for the production of biofuel and further research on the improvement of their properties will make them suitable biofuel of high economic values. © 2012 Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences.	Biofuel; Fruits seed oil; Fuel properties	biofuel; fuel; oil; seed; soybean; Brassica napus; Citrus reticulata; Glycine max; Helianthus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80455137107	Evaluation of CD4+ t cells in HIV patients presenting with malaria at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Nigeria	Agbede O.O., Ajiboye T.O., Kolawole O.M., Babatunde S.A., Odeigha L.O.	2010	EXCLI Journal	9	None	None	Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science, University of Ilorin, P.M.	Agbede, O.O., Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Ajiboye, T.O., Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Kolawole, O.M., Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria, Malaria Laboratory I, Department of Molecular Parasitology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany; Babatunde, S.A., Department of Hematology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria; Odeigha, L.O., Department of Hematology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria	CD4 count is an important immunological marker of disease progression in HIV seropositive patients. This study was carried out to determine the effect of malaria or fever of unknown origin on the population of CD4+ T lymphocytes of HIV seropositive patients attending the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) clinic of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. 36 subjects were selected for this study. Ongoing history of fever was used as a case definition for malaria and malaria was confirmed from microscopic examination of thick and thin film of blood sample obtained from the patients during presentation with fever. The CD4 count was evaluated during presentation of fever and post-fever using flow cytometry. There was significant decrease in CD4 count of the patients. However, upon classifying the patients into 2 groups - those that returned to the clinic after a week and those that returned after a month; a significant increase in CD4 count was noticed in the group that returned after a week, while a significant decrease was noticed in the group that returned after a month (at p value of 95%). Further classification of the patients based on presence of malaria parasite, and body temperature resulted in varying effects on CD4 count post-fever (in the general group, 27 were positive for malaria parasites). Of these 27, there was an increase in CD4 count in 9 (33.3%). However in the group that returned after a week, all 6 (100%) that were positive for malaria parasites showed increase in CD4 count. Five (26.3%) of the 19 patients that had body temperature within the range of 35.5-37.4 °C showed an increase in CD4 count, while 7 (41.2%) of the 17 patients that had body temperature of 37.5 °C and above showed an increase in CD4 count. The results led to the conclusion that while some components of the immune response to malaria could strengthen the immune system of HIV seropositive patients by increasing their CD4 count, other components will suppress their immunity by decreasing their CD4 count, accelerating the progression to AIDS.	CD4 count; CD4+ T lymphocytes; Flow cytometry; HIV/AIDS; Immune system; Malaria	article; body temperature; CD4 lymphocyte count; clinical article; flow cytometry; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; immune response; malaria; Nigeria; parasite identification; pyrexia idiopathica; teaching hospital	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859821836	Evaluation of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Performance and soil properties under tillage methods and poultry manure levels	Agbede T.M., Adekiya A.O.	2011	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	23	2	None	Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Agbede, T.M., Department of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria; Adekiya, A.O., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Research study on the effect of tillage systems and application rate of poultry manure on sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) in Alfisol of southwest Nigeria is lacking. Field trials were conducted in 2006, 2007 and 2008 cropping seasons on an Alfisol (Oxic Tropuldalf) at Owo in rainforest zone of southwest Nigeria. The trials consisted of the factorial combinations of two tillage methods (manual clearing and conventional tillage) and four manure levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 t/ha) arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Conventional tillage alone (CTo) resulted in lower soil N, P, K, Ca, Mg and soil organic C and better leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg concentrations, growth and yield of sweet potato compared with manually cleared (MCo) plots. The better performance of sweet potato under conventional tillage (CTo) was adduced to reduced bulk density. Bulk density was negatively correlated with yield. Conventional tillage alone (CTo) improves sweet potato tuber yield by 62, 55 and 42% in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively compared with manual clearing alone (MCo). In both the manually cleared and conventionally tilled plots, soil organic C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg and water content increased with amount of poultry manure, while soil pH, bulk density and temperature were reduced. Yields given by 5, 10 and 15 t/ha poultry manure were not significantly different under both manually cleared and conventionally tilled treatments. Conventional tillage plus 5 t/ha poultry manure (CT+5 PM) produced the highest overall yield. Compared with manual clearing alone (MCo) and conventional tillage alone (CTo), conventional tillage plus 5 t/ha poultry manure (CT+5 PM) improved tuber yield of sweet potato by 117 and 43%, respectively. Therefore the use of 5 t/ha poultry manure with conventional tillage is recommended for sweet potato production on an Alfisol of southwest Nigeria.	Bulk density; Nutrient concentrations; Poultry manure; Sweet potato; Tillage	Ipomoea batatas; Solanum tuberosum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855436865	Binary models for evaluation of stakeholders' support for private forestry in southwest Nigeria	Agbeja B.O.	2010	Discovery and Innovation	21	04-Mar	None	Department of Forest Resources Management, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Agbeja, B.O., Department of Forest Resources Management, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Nigeria has a negligble record of private sector participation (PSP) in the forestry sector. The forestry sector tends to be weak, having taken for granted investment potential under the private sector. The study examined the perceptions of stakeholders on incentives to support private forestry in Southwest Nigeria with a view to eliciting support for an alternative to public forestry programme. The specific objective was to identify various incentives for private forestry in the study areas. Binary models were developed using the field data collected from Ekiti, Ogun, Ondo, Osun and Oyo States in Southwest Nigeria to evaluate a number of incentives perceived to determine willingness of the stakeholders to support Private Forestry (PF). The binary logit models predict the probability that a respondent will be willing to support PF in relation to independent variables which include presence/absence of Federal and State Financial Assistance (FSFA), presence/absence of International Financial Assistance (IFA), presence/absence of Long Term Lease of Forest Land (LTLFL), Provision of Seedlings /Seeds (PSS), Provision of Loans (PL), Availability of Grants (AG), presence/absence of Technical Assistance (TA) and presence/absence of Market for Environmental Services Incentives (MESI). A total of 5 forestry headquarters, 10 towns and 20 communities were randomly selected for data collection in the five states. A structured questionnaire was employed for the study. Willingness to participate in PF was best predicted by highest odds ratio where presence of LTLFL has an odds ratio of 84.02. This was followed by PL with an odds ratio of 3.81, in the pooled model for the five states. Willingness to support PF appears to be guaranteed where LTLFL and PL for forest management are high. The specific models developed depend on the locations where the data were collected, and therefore should not be applied to areas outside the range of the data. However, the modelling approach is of general applicability and can be used to predict the willingness of the stakeholders support PF in other areas.	Binary; Incentives; Nature; Private forestry; Willingness	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646446481	Impact of segregation and inclusive education at the basic education level on children with low vision in Ghana	Agbeke W.K.	2005	International Congress Series	1282	None	10.1016/j.ics.2005.05.039	Department of Special Education, University of Education, P.O. Box 25, Winneba, Ghana	Agbeke, W.K., Department of Special Education, University of Education, P.O. Box 25, Winneba, Ghana	This study was carried out to determine the impact that both segregation and inclusive education at the Basic Level have on children with low vision in Ghana. In all, 54 participants were involved in the study. The instruments used in the collection of data for this study were a semi-structured interview schedule and a questionnaire. Both interview and questionnaire items were based on, academic performance, orientation and mobility, activities of daily living, social interaction and the challenges and prospects of the two programmes. The results showed that visually impaired children from both programmes have problems with movement initially but overcome it after a year. Socially, children from inclusive programmes better participated in family and community activities than their counterparts in the special school. There was no significant difference in the academic performance of children from the two programmes. The two programmes have challenges but the prospects of inclusive education looks brighter. There is a balance in terms of academic performance and socialization. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Education; Ghana; Inclusive education; Segregation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745466544	Evaluation of nematicidal action of some botanicals on Meloidogyne incognita in vivo and in vitro	Agbenin N.O., Emechebe A.M., Marley P.S., Akpa A.D.	2005	Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics	106	1	None	Depart. of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, Kano Station, Nigeria	Agbenin, N.O., Depart. of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Emechebe, A.M., International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, Kano Station, Nigeria; Marley, P.S., Depart. of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Akpa, A.D., Depart. of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Eggmasses or larvae of Meloidogyne incognita were exposed to varying concentrations of neem leaf (fresh and dry), Borelia sp., groundnut leaf and garlic bulb. Neem leaf and garlic bulb extracts inhibited hatching of eggmasses and were lethal to larva. A comparative study of neem and garlic bulb extracts prepared at 20% concentration and applied weekly at 25 ml per pot were carried out in the screenhouse. Each pot filled with 2 kg of pasturised soil was inoculated with 2 000 larvae of M. incognita by introducing 500 g of infested soil from tomato culture raised in the screenhouse. These extracts significantly reduced root-knot infection indices on tomato when compared to the control. However, garlic extract demonstrated greater potential than neem leaf extract in the control of root-knot infection of tomato in vivo.	Borelia sp.; Botanicals; Extracts; Garlicbulb; Meloidogyne incognita; Neem leaf	Allium sativum; Arachis hypogaea; Azadirachta indica; Lycopersicon esculentum; Meloidogyne incognita	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922093345	Orofacial cleft outreach in rural Ghana: any positive impact on the community?	Agbenorku P., Agbenorku M., Klutsey E., Aboah K., Agamah G., Amevor E., Hoyte-Williams P.-E., Abude F., Sefenu R., Osei D., Kofitsey M., Fiifi-Yankson P.K.	2014	European Journal of Plastic Surgery	38	1	10.1007/s00238-014-1025-6	Reconstructive Plastic Surgery & Burns Unit, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Surgery, Kumasi, Ghana; Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; School of Medical Sciences, Kumasi, Ghana; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Health Education Unit, Global Evangelical Mission Hospital, Apromase, Ghana; Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Health Sciences, Ho, Ghana; Department of Surgery, St Martins de Porres Hospital, Agomanya, Ghana; Department of Nursing, Nurses Training College, Ho, Ghana; Department of Surgery, Sogakope District Hospital, Sogakope, Ghana; Department of Anaesthesia, Sogakope District Hospital, Sogakope, Ghana	Agbenorku, P., Reconstructive Plastic Surgery & Burns Unit, Kumasi, Ghana, Department of Surgery, Kumasi, Ghana, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana, School of Medical Sciences, Kumasi, Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Agbenorku, M., Health Education Unit, Global Evangelical Mission Hospital, Apromase, Ghana; Klutsey, E., Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Health Sciences, Ho, Ghana; Aboah, K., Department of Surgery, Kumasi, Ghana, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana, School of Medical Sciences, Kumasi, Ghana; Agamah, G., Department of Surgery, St Martins de Porres Hospital, Agomanya, Ghana; Amevor, E., Department of Nursing, Nurses Training College, Ho, Ghana; Hoyte-Williams, P.-E., Reconstructive Plastic Surgery & Burns Unit, Kumasi, Ghana, Department of Surgery, Kumasi, Ghana, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; Abude, F., Department of Surgery, Sogakope District Hospital, Sogakope, Ghana; Sefenu, R., Department of Surgery, Sogakope District Hospital, Sogakope, Ghana; Osei, D., Department of Anaesthesia, Sogakope District Hospital, Sogakope, Ghana; Kofitsey, M., Department of Anaesthesia, Sogakope District Hospital, Sogakope, Ghana; Fiifi-Yankson, P.K., Department of Surgery, Kumasi, Ghana, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana, School of Medical Sciences, Kumasi, Ghana	Background: Orofacial clefts (OFC) are common congenital malformations in humans. They impact negatively on the life of the affected and often regarded as stigma in the society especially among the rural folks. The aim of this study was to analyze retrospectively the cases managed by a Ghanaian indigenous plastic surgery outreach team and prospectively outline the social impacts on the lives of those treated and their communities.Methods: The study reviewed the medical records of patients treated during OFC outreaches in rural Ghana from January 2003 to December 2012 (10 years). This involved visiting and interviewing patients and their parents/relatives, as well as the community leaders comprising chiefs, assemblymen, church leaders, etc., using structured pretested questionnaires within 5 days (September 1–5, 2013) in communities in southeast of Ghana.Results: A total of 32 outreach services were handled over the 10-year period, treating 303 OFC patients (among other pathologies), comprising 175 (57.8 %) males and 128 (42.2 %) females. Out of the 303, 159 (52.5 %) were located and interviewed; also, 65 community/opinion leaders/relatives were interviewed. Sixty-one percent (61 % = 35 patients) of the females and 48 % (n = 49) of the males got married after the surgery; 83 % (n = 45) of the school-going-age patients continued and completed basic schools.Conclusions: OFC outreaches help to restore the lives and dignity of cleft patients and their families improving their quality of life. Stigmatization and psychological effects on them were removed; they were well accepted in their societies and family gatherings.Level of Evidence: Level III, risk-prognostic study. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Community impact; Orofacial clefts; Outreach services; Psychological effects; Stigmatization	adolescent; adult; Article; child; cleft lip; cleft lip palate; cleft palate; community; female; Ghana; Ghanaian; human; interview; major clinical study; male; married man; married woman; medical record review; mouth malformation; orofacial cleft; parent; plastic surgery; priority journal; program impact; relative; retrospective study; rural area; structured questionnaire; treatment outcome; unilateral cleft lip	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883399902	Genetic variation of seed physico-chemical properties of Gongronema latifolia accessions in relation to their seedling performance	Agbo C.U., Onyebara S.C.	2013	Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences	23	4	None	Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Agbo, C.U., Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Onyebara, S.C., Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Genetic variation in physico-chemical properties of different accessions of Gongronema latifolia and contributions of such traits to seed emergence were investigated for two years in Nsukka. The study showed significant differences in the studied traits of the G. latifolia accessions. The accession, AC-05 had larger seeds as well as higher seed breadth and cotyledon thickness but lower level of abscisic acid (ABA) in both years. The seedling emergence capacity of the accessions in both years showed that the seedlings emerged earlier and more vigorous in the second year with reduced moisture content and ABA. Higher level of genotypic and phenotypic variance among the accessions on the measured traits occurred on the phenol content. Heritability estimates were higher in the chemical traits of the seeds than the physical traits with the exception of seed weight. Furthermore, the correlation coefficients suggest that accessions with larger seeds also have lower ABA and significantly higher vigorous emergence suggesting the impact of genetic factors in determining the performance of accessions. It was concluded that different accessions showed genetic differences in the seed traits which directly influenced emergence rate and vigour of seedlings over the two years.	Abscisic acid; Emergence; Genetic variation; Gongronema latifolia; Seed traits	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746528668	Performance of Dacryodes edulis (Don. G. Lam H.J.), seeds and seedlings in a crude oil contaminated soil	Agbogidi M.O., Eshegbeyi O.F.	2006	Journal of Sustainable Forestry	22	04-Mar	10.1300/J091v22n03_01	Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Asaba, Nigeria	Agbogidi, M.O., Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Asaba, Nigeria; Eshegbeyi, O.F., Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Asaba, Nigeria	Environmental pollution from oil activities in a major oil producing country like Nigeria is inevitable. Studies on the effects of crude oil contamination on forest tree species is vital because of the great deal of crude oil spillage in the coastal regions of Nigeria. This paper evaluates the performance of Dacryodes edulis seeds and seedlings in a crude oil contaminated soil in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. Four crude oil concentrations (% by weight) in soil constituted treatments. These were 0.00%, 2.07%, 4.15% and 6.23% by weight per 1.3 kg weight of the soil samples. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was adopted with three replicates. The results showed that oil concentrations of 4.15% and 6.23% adversely affected percent (%) germination (62.33% and 37.67%) and performance of D. edulis seedlings in terms of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, collar girth and dry mass at the 5% probability level. The study shows that crude oil pollution has a highly significant effect on the germination and seedling growth of this locally available multi-purpose forest fruit tree species. This further suggests that D. edulis can serve as bio-indicator of pollution in oil-producing areas of the Niger Delta. The present study has important implications for restoration of degraded areas. Copyright © by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.	Crude oil; Dacryodes edulis; Performance; Seedlings; Seeds; Soil pollution	Contamination; Crude petroleum; Oil spills; Performance; Restoration; Seed; Soil pollution; Dacryodes edulis; Germination; Randomized complete block design (RCBD); Seedling growth; Forestry; crude oil; oil spill; performance assessment; seed; seedling; soil pollution; tree; Crude Oil; Dacryodes; Forestry; Germination; Performance Evaluation; Pollution; Restoration; Seedlings; Spills; Dacryodes edulis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33744498080	Impact of crude oil on the performance of pararubber, Hevea brasiliensis (Kunth) Muell in Delta State, Nigeria	Agbogidi M.O., Onosode A.T., Ofuoku A.U.	2006	European Journal of Scientific Research	13	2	None	Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University, Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria; Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria	Agbogidi, M.O., Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University, Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria; Onosode, A.T., Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University, Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria; Ofuoku, A.U., Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria	An investigation on the impact of crude oil on the performance of paraubber, Hevea brasiliensis (Kunth) Muell was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Delta State University, Asaba Campus. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments (0%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 8%) replicated thrice. Data collected were percentage germination, plant height, number of leaves, collar girth and leaf area. The results indicated a significant (P<0.05) higher percentage germination, plant height, number of leaves, collar girth and leaf area in the unpolluted (control) soil compared with those sown in crude oil treated soils. The highest values for the plant characters were obtained in soils without crude oil while the least values were recorded in soils treated with 4% crude oil. No germination occurred in pararubber seeds sown in soils treated with 8% of the oil. The study indicates that the performance of pararubber was significantly affected in the presence of crude oil. The effects being proportional to the concentration of the oil applied. The study further suggests that pararubber can serve as bio-indicator of oil pollution in oil producing areas of the Niger Delta. Pararubber can therefore be recommended for a long-term bio-remediation after crude oil spillage on land because the study has important implications for restoration of crude oil degraded areas of the Niger Delta. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2006.	Crude oil; Delta State; Impact; Pararubber	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247122846	Evaluation of crude oil contaminated soil on the mineral nutrient elements of maize (Zea mays L.)	Agbogidi O.M., Eruotor P.G., Akparobi S.O., Nnaji G.U.	2007	Journal of Agronomy	6	1	None	Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Delta State, Nigeria	Agbogidi, O.M., Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Delta State, Nigeria; Eruotor, P.G., Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Delta State, Nigeria; Akparobi, S.O., Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Delta State, Nigeria; Nnaji, G.U., Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Delta State, Nigeria	This study evaluated the effects of crude oil contaminated soil on the mineral nutrient elements of maize. The study was conducted in Asaba and Ozoro locations of Delta State during the 2003 and 2004 planting seasons. Open pollinated AMATZBR y maize variety was used for the study. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design replicated four times. Five crude oil concentrations (0, 5.2, 10.4, 20.8 and 41.6 mL) applied (ring application) at five weeks after planting (5 WAP) constituted treatments. The study location formed the main plot and the oil levels, the sub-plots. Grains were harvested at 14 WAP, shelled and analysed for mineral nutrient contents. Soil chemical properties were also analysed. The results showed that while total carbon, organic carbon, C/N ratio, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and pH were significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) in soils amended with crude oil, crude oil application to soil significantly reduced (p&lt;0.05) electrical conductivity, total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in both locations. The highest values of 23.49 and 16.67 were recorded for C/N ratio in soils with 41.6 mL of oil while the lowest values of 8.83 and 9.72 were obtained in soils without oil treatment in Asaba and Ozoro locations, respectively. Significant differences (p = 0.05) were observed in the nutrient contents of maize seeds grown in soils amended with crude oil when compared with those grown in the uncontaminated sub-plots. The present study has demonstrated that crude oil contamination can improve soil content of some nutrient elements including Mg2+, K+, P, Na+ and exhibit a highly significant effect of reducing the chemical composition of maize seeds. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Chemical composition; Crude oil; Maize; Nutrient elements; Soil contamination	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875947281	Evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of crude extract of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta and Crateva adansonii leaves and their interactions	Agboke A.A., Attama A.A., Momoh M.A.	2011	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science	1	10	None	Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Incorporating Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical	Agboke, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Incorporating Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Attama, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Momoh, M.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria	Activities of crude extract of Cryptolepis Sanguinolen and Crateva Adansonii leaves and their interactions were evaluated.Crude methanol extracts of Crateva adansonii and Cryptolepis sanguinolenta leaves were obtained by cold maceration. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts were carried out against six bacteria ie Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhii, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis and two fungi which includes Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans using agar dilution method MICs of methanol extract of Crateva adansonii against the six bacteria are Pseudomonas aeruginosa -12.5 mg/ml, Escherichia coli - 6.25 mg ml, Salmonella typhi - 12.5 mg/ml, Staphylococcus aureus - 2.5 mg/ml, Klebsiella pneumonia - 6.25 mg/ml, Bacillus subtilis - 12.5 mg/ml, fungi Aspergillus niger - 12.5 mg/ml, Candida albicans - 12.5 mg/ml. While the MICs of methanol extract of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta against the six bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa - 12.5 mg/ml, Escherichia coli - 6.25 mg ml, Salmonella typhii - 12.5 mg/ml, Staphylococcus aureus - 12.5 mg/ml, Klebsiella pneumoni - 12.5 mg/ml. Bacillus subtilis - 6.25 mg/ml and for fungi Aspergillus niger - 12.5 mg/ml, Candida albicans - 6.25 mg/ml. Combined activity of the two plant extracts against Escherichia coil, klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans was carried out at the ratios of 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2 of extracts of Crateva adansonii and Cryptolepis sanguinolenta respectively. Combination 1:2 and 2:1 were found to be effective and able to inhibit Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The result of this work shows that the extracts of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta and Cranteva Adansonii have both antifungal and antibacterial effects and their combination is effective in some bacterial and fungal infection most especially Candida albicans infection.	Antibacteria; Antifungal; Combination interactions; Crateva adansonii; Crude extracts; Cryptolepis sanginolenta	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891783179	Does total quality management affect the performance of small and medium enterprises? A case of manufacturing smes in Ghana	Agbola R.M.	2013	World Applied Sciences Journal	28	13	10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.28.efmo.27001	Department of Management Studies, Central University College, P.O. Box: 2305, Tema, Ghana	Agbola, R.M., Department of Management Studies, Central University College, P.O. Box: 2305, Tema, Ghana	The paper examines the relationship between total quality management (TQM) practices of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and the performance and profitability of these businesses in Ghana. With the use of a mixed research method consisting of descriptive and inferential statistics the researchers found that differences exist between SMEs in relation to managerial education level, TQM awareness, managerial commitment to TQM principles of continuous improvement, use of new technology, putting the customer first, effective supervision and enforcement of quality practices. The study also shows a statistically significant association between the implementation of TQM and the SMEs' financial and organisational performance. The implication of the findings is that the government of Ghana should pursue policies aimed at encouraging training and improving the managerial skills of SME owner/managers as well as creating the enabling environment for the development of improved modern technologies to transform the business processes of these vital industries. The Ghana Standards Board must also sit up and enforce quality regimes to ensure goods and services produced meet international standards. © IDOSI Publications, 2013.	Ghana; Growth; Performance; Profitability; Small medium enterprises	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350059886	Impact of digital revolution on the structure of Nigerian banks	Agboola A.A., Yinusa D.O., Ologunde O.O.	2009	Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations	7	4	10.4018/jeco.2009070103	Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria; University of Botswana, Botswana	Agboola, A.A., Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria; Yinusa, D.O., University of Botswana, Botswana; Ologunde, O.O., Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria	The study examined the extent to which digital revolution has affected the organizational structure of Nigerian banks. Twenty-five banks were selected for the study in south-western Nigeria. Interview was conducted for middle and top level managers and questionnaire was developed and administered to the other staff using a five-point Likert scale to determine the attitudes and opinions of the staff on the effects of digital revolution on the organizational structure of the banks. The mean was used as an indicator of central tendency for quantitative variables that have frequency distributions in the study. Copyright © 2009, IGI Global.	Digital revolution; E-commerce; ICT; Nigerian banks; Organizational structure	Digital revolution; E-commerce; ICT; Nigerian banks; Organizational structure; Electronic commerce	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949664971	Effects of organic acid and probiotic on performance and gut morphology in broiler chickens	Agboola A.F., Omidiwura B.R.O., Odu O., Popoola I.O., Iyayi E.A.	2015	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	45	5	10.4314/sajas.v45i5.6	Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Agboola, A.F., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Omidiwura, B.R.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Odu, O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Popoola, I.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Iyayi, E.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The effects of organic acid, probiotic and a combination of the two on performance and gut morphology in broiler chickens were investigated. Two hundred and forty one-day-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments with six replicates, each with eight birds. The treatments were basal diet (negative control, NC), basal diet + antibiotic (positive control (PC)), NC + 0.4% organic acid (OA), NC + 0.3% probiotic (PB) and NC + 0.4% OA and 0.3% PB. Reduced body weight gain (BWG) was recorded for birds on the NC diet at the starter phase and over the total period. The addition of OA significantly increased BWG compared to values obtained in birds on the NC and other diets. Diet had no effect on BWG at the grower phase or on feed intake, dry matter intake and feed conversion ratio in any growth phase. Gain : feed ratio was lowered in the NC diet, but improved significantly by OA and PB in the starter phase. Organic acid supplementation reduced the weight of the bursa of Fabricius. The weight of pancreas, height of villi and crypt depth were reduced in birds on the NC diet compared with those on OA, PB and a combination of these. Diet had no effects on the weights of the lungs, heart, spleen, kidneys, liver, villus width, villus height : crypt depth ratio, lactic acid bacteria, coliform bacteria and total bacterial count in any gut section. In conclusion, supplementation of broiler diets with OA and PB could improve their growth and gut morphology better than antibiotics would, with a greater positive effect in the starter phase.	Broiler chickens; Gut health; Organic acids; Performance; Probiotics	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904439311	Evaluation of the regression parameters of the Angstrom-Page model for predicting global solar radiation	Agbo S.	2013	Journal of Energy in Southern Africa	24	2	None	National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Agbo, S., National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	A simple and empirical model for the estimation of average monthly global solar radiation for a Nigerian location is presented. Regression coefficients satisfying the Angstrom-page model have been obtained using clearness index (KT) and the relative sunshine data for the location. The test of validity of the model was done by evaluating the following statistical parameters: the mean bias error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean percentage error (MPE) and the correlation coefficient (CC). The results obtained from the statistical tests show that the new model is reliable for high precision estimation of global solar radiation. A comparison between the new model and other models is presented.	Clearness index; Global solar radiation; Predicting models; Sunshine duration	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748694684	Yield performance and land-use efficiency of barley and faba bean mixed cropping in Ethiopian highlands	Agegnehu G., Ghizaw A., Sinebo W.	2006	European Journal of Agronomy	25	3	10.1016/j.eja.2006.05.002	Holetta Research Centre, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Agronomy and Crop Physiology, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Agegnehu, G., Holetta Research Centre, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Agronomy and Crop Physiology, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ghizaw, A., Holetta Research Centre, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Agronomy and Crop Physiology, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Sinebo, W., Holetta Research Centre, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Agronomy and Crop Physiology, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Mixed intercropping of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) was compared with sole cropping for three growing seasons (2001-2003) at Holetta Agricultural Research Centre, in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The treatments were sole barley (125 kg ha-1), sole faba bean (200 kg ha-1) and an additive series of 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 and 62.5% of the sole seed rate of faba bean mixed with full barley seed rate. A randomised complete block design replicated four times was used. Mixed cropping and year effects were significant for seed and biomass yields of each crop species. Barley yield was reduced by mixed cropping only when the seed rate of faba bean exceeded 50 kg ha-1 or 25% of the sole seed rate. There was no mixed cropping by year interaction effect for barley grain yield but for faba bean seed yield. Total yield, barley yield equivalent, land equivalent ratio (LER) and system productivity index (SPI) of mixtures exceeded those of sole crops especially when faba bean seed rate in the mixture was increased to 75 kg ha-1 (37.5%) or more. The highest barley yield equivalent, SPI, crowding coefficient and LER were obtained when faba bean was mixed at a rate of 37.5% with full seed rate of barley. From this study, it is inferred that mixed intercropping of faba bean in normal barley culture at a density not less than 37.5% of the sole faba bean density may give better overall yield and income than sole culture of each crop species. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Aggressivity; Barley; Crowding coefficient; Faba bean; Intercropping; Land equivalent ratio; Mixed cropping	barley; comparative study; intercropping; land use; legume; mixed farming; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare; Vicia faba	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-27644597711	Effects of watering regimes on aphid infestation and performance of selected varieties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) in a humid rainforest zone of Nigeria	Agele S.O., Ofuya T.I., James P.O.	2006	Crop Protection	25	1	10.1016/j.cropro.2005.03.005	Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria	Agele, S.O., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria; Ofuya, T.I., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria; James, P.O., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria	Host plant drought stress affects plant productivity (growth and reproduction) and insect performance. This study was conducted to determine whether resistance to one major cowpea insect pest (Aphis craccivora, Koch) in identified cowpea varieties holds under different soil moisture regimes in the dry season period in a humid tropical rainforest zone. This information is basic to the use of insect resistant varieties for agricultural development under marginal conditions. Treatments consisted of factorial combinations of three water application regimes by four cowpea varieties grown in drainage lysimeters installed on the field in the dry season period in Akure, rainforest zone of Nigeria. Two aphid susceptible (Ife brown and Vita 7) and two aphid resistant (IT845-2246 and IT835-728-5) varieties were compared under soil moisture regimes. Reduction in the amount of water available to the cowpea plant (soil moisture deficit stress) in the host plant affected population trends of aphids in the different growth stages of cowpea. There were significant variations among tested aphid susceptible and aphid resistant cowpea varieties on aphid survival, population density (colony size), damage levels and seed yield reductions in relation to soil moisture regimes. A significantly lower number of aphids was observed in the resistant varieties than in the susceptible varieties. Significant interactions between watering regimes and varieties were found for aphid survival rates, biomass and fruit yields in this study. The resistant varieties supported significantly lower aphid survival rates compared with susceptible varieties. Significant negative linear correlations were found for watering intervals (regimes) and aphid population, shoot biomass and seed (grain) yield. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Aphid; Cowpea; Infestation; Tropics; Watering regimes; Yield	aphid; drought stress; host plant; pest resistance; trend analysis; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; World; Aphididae; Aphis craccivora; Insecta; Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053928706	The impact of the school-based Psychosocial Structured Activities (PSSA) program on conflict-affected children in northern Uganda	Ager A., Akesson B., Stark L., Flouri E., Okot B., McCollister F., Boothby N.	2011	Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines	52	11	10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02407.x	Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, United States; Care and Protection of Children in Crisis-Affected Countries Initiative, United States; Program on Forced Migration and Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, United States; Department of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University of London, United Kingdom; Child Resilience Program, Save the Children in Uganda, Uganda	Ager, A., Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, United States; Akesson, B., Care and Protection of Children in Crisis-Affected Countries Initiative, United States; Stark, L., Program on Forced Migration and Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, United States; Flouri, E., Department of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University of London, United Kingdom; Okot, B., Child Resilience Program, Save the Children in Uganda, Uganda; McCollister, F., Program on Forced Migration and Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, United States; Boothby, N., Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, United States	Background: Children in northern Uganda have undergone significant psychosocial stress during the region's lengthy conflict. A Psychosocial Structured Activities (PSSA) program was implemented in 21 schools identified as amongst those most severely affected by conflict-induced displacement across Gulu and Amuru Districts. The PSSA intervention comprised a series of 15 class sessions designed to progressively increase children's resilience through structured activities involving drama, movement, music and art (with additional components addressing parental support and community involvement). Method: Eight schools were selected by random quota sampling from those schools receiving the PSSA intervention. Two hundred and three children were identified in these schools as being scheduled to receive intervention, and were followed up 12 months later following engagement with PSSA activities. A comparison group comprised 200 children selected from schools that had met inclusion criteria for receipt of intervention, but were not scheduled for intervention coverage until later. Preliminary research used participatory focus group methodology to determine local indicators of child well-being as viewed by parents, teachers, and children respectively. Pre- and post- assessments focused on ratings for each child - by parents, teachers and children - with respect to these indicators. Results: Significant increases in ratings of child well-being were observed in both intervention and comparison groups over a 12-month period. However, the well-being of children who had received the PSSA intervention increased significantly more than for children in the comparison group, as judged by child and parent (but not teacher) report. This effect was evident despite considerable loss-to-follow-up at post-testing as a result of return of many households to communities of origin. Conclusion: General improvement in child well-being over a 12-month period suggests that recovery and reconstruction efforts in Northern Uganda following the onset of peace had a substantive impact on the lives of children. However, exposure to the PSSA program had an additional positive impact on child well-being, suggesting its value in post-conflict recovery contexts. © 2011 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.	children; evaluation; Northern Uganda; Psychosocial; schools; structured activities	adaptive behavior; article; child; child behavior; conflict; coping behavior; female; follow up; health care quality; human; in vitro study; male; mental stress; methodology; parent; psychological aspect; school; social support; Uganda; Adaptation, Psychological; Child; Child Behavior; Conflict (Psychology); Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Parents; Program Evaluation; Resilience, Psychological; Schools; Social Support; Stress, Psychological; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861632691	The differential impact of two anesthetic techniques on cortisol levels in Nigerian surgical patients	Aggo A.T., Fyneface-Ogan S., Mato C.N.	2012	Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice	15	1	10.4103/1119-3077.94102	Department of Anaesthesia, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Aggo, A.T., Department of Anaesthesia, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Fyneface-Ogan, S., Department of Anaesthesia, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Mato, C.N., Department of Anaesthesia, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Background: Surgical procedures are associated with a complexity of stress response characterized by neurohumoral, immulogic, and metabolic alterations. Aim: The aim was to compare the effects on the stress response by isoflurane-based intratracheal general anesthesia (ITGA) and bupivacaine-based epidural anesthesia (EA), using cortisol as a biochemical marker. Materials and Methods: Following the approval of the Hospital Ethical Board, informed written consent from patients recruited into this study was obtained. One group received general anesthesia with relaxant technique (group A) while the other group had bupicaine epidural anesthesia with catheter placement for top-ups (group B) for their surgeries. Both groups were assessed for plasma cortisol levels -baseline, 30 minutes after skin the start of surgery and at skin closure. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the baseline mean heart rate, mean arterial pressure (mean MAP) and the mean duration of surgery between the two groups; the baseline mean plasma cortisol level was 88.70 ± 3.85 ng/ml for group A and 85.55 ± 2.29 ng/ml for group B, P=0.148. At 30 minutes after the start of surgery the plasma cortisol level in the GA group was 361.60 ± 31.27 ng/ml while it was 147.45 ± 22.36 ng/ml in the EA group, showing a significant difference, P=0.001. At skin closure the mean plasma cortisol value of 384.65 ± 48.04 ng/ml recorded in the GA group was found to be significantly higher than the value of 140.20 ± 10.74 ng/ml in the GA group, P<0.002. Conclusion: Using plasma cortisol as a measure, bupivacaine-based epidural anesthesia significantly reduces the stress response to surgical stimuli when compared with isoflurane-based tracheal general anesthesia.	Cortisol levels; Epidural anesthesia; General anesthesia; Surgery	anesthetic agent; bupivacaine; hydrocortisone; isoflurane; adult; aged; anesthesia; article; blood; epidural anesthesia; evaluation; female; general anesthesia; heart rate; human; male; methodology; middle aged; surgery; treatment outcome; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Intratracheal; Anesthetics; Bupivacaine; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Isoflurane; Male; Middle Aged; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care); Surgical Procedures, Operative	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892543484	Evaluation of employers' perceptions of the role of guidance and counselling and vocational education in sustainable development in Nigeria	Agi C.W.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	4	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n4p461	Department of Educational Foundations, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Agi, C.W., Department of Educational Foundations, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Guidance and Counselling and vocational education have long been recognized as a major vehicle for national development and growth. This study was aimed at evaluating the opinions of employers of labour on the roles of guidance and Counselling and vocational education in sustainable development in Nigeria. The sample comprised of 80 indigenous and 68 multi-national employers in the south-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. A duly validated questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analysed using statistical mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions, while t-test statistics was used to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed among other things that employers were not satisfied with the contribution of guidance and Counselling and vocational education to sustainable development in Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended that government of Nigeria should provide effective leadership and partner with private sector in order to place guidance and Counselling and vocational education in its rightful position in sustainable development.	Guidance and counselling; Perception; Sustainable development; Vocational education	None	None
None	None	Evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of the RTS,S/AS01E malaria candidate vaccine when integrated in the expanded program of immunization	Agnandji S.T., Asante K.P., Lyimo J., Vekemans J., Soulanoudjingar S.S., Owusu R., Shomari M., Leach A., Fernandes J., Dosoo D., Chikawe M., Issifou S., Osei-Kwakye K., Lievens M., Paricek M., Apanga S., Mwangoka G., Okissi B., Kwara E., Minja R., Lange J	2010	Journal of Infectious Diseases	202	7	10.1086/656190	Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Medical Research Unit Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon; Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, Bagamoyo, Tanzania; GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium; Program for Appropriate Technology in Health Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Bethesda, MD, United States; Swiss Tropical Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland	Agnandji, S.T., Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Medical Research Unit Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Asante, K.P., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Lyimo, J., Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, Bagamoyo, Tanzania; Vekemans, J., GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium; Soulanoudjingar, S.S., Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Medical Research Unit Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Owusu, R., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Shomari, M., Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, Bagamoyo, Tanzania; Leach, A., GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium; Fernandes, J., Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Medical Research Unit Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Dosoo, D., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Chikawe, M., Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, Bagamoyo, Tanzania; Issifou, S., Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Medical Research Unit Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Osei-Kwakye, K., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Lievens, M., GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium; Paricek, M., Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Medical Research Unit Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Apanga, S., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Mwangoka, G., Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, Bagamoyo, Tanzania; Okissi, B., Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Medical Research Unit Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Kwara, E., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Minja, R., Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, Bagamoyo, Tanzania; Lange, J., Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Medical Research Unit Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Boahen, O., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Kayan, K., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Adjei, G., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana; Chandramohan, D., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Jongert, E., GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium; Demoitié, M.-A., GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium; Dubois, M.-C., GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium; Carter, T., Program for Appropriate Technology in Health Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Bethesda, MD, United States; Vansadia, P., Program for Appropriate Technology in Health Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Bethesda, MD, United States; Villafana, T., Program for Appropriate Technology in Health Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Bethesda, MD, United States; Sillman, M., Program for Appropriate Technology in Health Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Bethesda, MD, United States; Savarese, B., Program for Appropriate Technology in Health Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Bethesda, MD, United States; Lapierre, D., GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium; Ballou, W.R., GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium; Greenwood, B., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Tanner, M., Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, Bagamoyo, Tanzania, Swiss Tropical Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Cohen, J., GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium; Kremsner, P.G., Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Medical Research Unit Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Lell, B., Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Medical Research Unit Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Owusu-Agyei, S., Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Kintampo, Ghana, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Abdulla, S., Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, Bagamoyo, Tanzania	Background. The RTS,S/AS01E malaria candidate vaccine is being developed for immunization of African infants through the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI). Methods. This phase 2, randomized, open, controlled trial conducted in Ghana, Tanzania, and Gabon evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of RTS,S/AS01E when coadministered with EPI vaccines. Five hundred eleven infants were randomized to receive RTS,S/AS01E at 0, 1, and 2 months (in 3 doses with diphtheria, tetanus, and whole-cell pertussis conjugate [DTPw]; hepatitis B [HepB]; Haemophilus influenzae type b [Hib]; and oral polio vaccine [OPV]), RTS,S/AS01E at 0, 1, and 7 months (2 doses with DTPwHepB/Hib+OPV and 1 dose with measles and yellow fever), or EPI vaccines only. Results. The occurrences of serious adverse events were balanced across groups; none were vaccine-related. One child from the control group died. Mild to moderate fever and diaper dermatitis occurred more frequently in the RTS,S/AS01E coadministration groups. RTS,S/AS01E generated high anti-circumsporozoite protein and anti-hepatitis B surface antigen antibody levels. Regarding EPI vaccine responses upon coadministration when considering both immunization schedules, despite a tendency toward lower geometric mean titers to some EPI antigens, predefined noninferiority criteria were met for all EPI antigens except for polio 3 when EPI vaccines were given with RTS,S/AS01E at 0, 1, and 2 months. However, when antibody levels at screening were taken into account, the rates of response to polio 3 antigens were comparable between groups. Conclusion. RTS,S/AS01E integrated in the EPI showed a favorable safety and immunogenicity evaluation. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00436007. GlaxoSmithKline study ID number: 106369 (Malaria-050). © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	circumsporozoite protein; diphtheria antibody; diphtheria pertussis tetanus vaccine; Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine; hepatitis B surface antibody; hepatitis B vaccine; hepb; immunoglobulin G antibody; immunological adjuvant; malaria vaccine; measles vaccine; oral poliomyelitis vaccine; protein antibody; protozoal protein; rts s as 01 e vaccine; stamaril; tetanus antibody; unclassified drug; yellow fever vaccine; diphtheria pertussis tetanus vaccine; Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine; Haemophilus vaccine; hepatitis B vaccine; malaria vaccine; oral poliomyelitis vaccine; RTS,S AS01E vaccine; RTS,S-AS01E vaccine; alanine aminotransferase blood level; anemia; anorexia; antibody blood level; antibody response; article; bronchitis; clinical trial; conjunctivitis; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; coughing; diaper dermatitis; diarrhea; diphtheria; drowsiness; drug safety; drug screening; enteritis; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; febrile convulsion; female; fever; Gabon; gastroenteritis; Ghana; Haemophilus infection; hepatitis B; human; immunization; immunogenicity; impetigo; infant; injection site induration; injection site pain; injection site swelling; irritability; major clinical study; malaria falciparum; male; measles; multicenter study; nonhuman; open study; otitis media; pertussis; phase 2 clinical trial; Plasmodium falciparum; pneumonia; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; rhinitis; rhinopharyngitis; rhinorrhea; seizure; sepsis; side effect; skin infection; staphylococcal skin infection; Tanzania; tetanus; upper respiratory tract infection; yellow fever; bacterial membrane; immunology; methodology; Bacterial Capsules; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; Female; Gabon; Ghana; Haemophilus Vaccines; Hepatitis B Vaccines; Humans; Immunization; Immunization, Secondary; Infant; Malaria Vaccines; Male; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900009340	Sulfur/gadolinium-codoped TiOnanoparticles for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic performance	Agorku E.S., Mamba B.B., Pandey A.C., Mishra A.K.	2014	Journal of Nanomaterials	2014	None	10.1155/2014/289150	Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; Nanotechnology and Application Centre, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India	Agorku, E.S., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; Mamba, B.B., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa; Pandey, A.C., Nanotechnology and Application Centre, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India; Mishra, A.K., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa	A series of S/Gd3+-codoped TiOphotocatalysts were synthesized by a modified sol-gel method. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Laboratory experiments with Indigo Carmine chosen as a model for organic pollutants were used to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of S/Gd3+-codoped TiOunder visible-light with varying concentrations of Gd3+ ions in the host material. XRD and Raman results confirmed the existence of anatase phase TiOwith particle size ranging from 5 to 12 nm. Codoping has exerted a great influence on the optical responses along with red shift in the absorption edge. S/Gd3+-codoped TiOshowed significant visible-light induced photocatalytic activity towards Indigo Carmine dye compared with S-TiOor commercial TiO TiOS/Gd3+ (0.6% Gd3+) degraded the dye (k a = 5.6 × 10-2 min-1) completely in 50 min. © 2014 Eric S. Agorku et al.	None	Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Scanning electron microscopy; Sol-gel process; Transmission electron microscopy; X ray diffraction; Absorption edges; Indigo carmine dyes; Laboratory experiments; Modified sol-gel method; Optical response; Photocatalytic activities; Photocatalytic performance; UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; Energy dispersive spectroscopy	NRF, Neurosurgical Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892589655	Identification of health and safety performance improvement indicators for small and medium construction enterprises: A delphi consensus study	Agumba J.N., Haupt T.C.	2012	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	3	3	10.5901/mjss.2012.v3n3p545	Department of Construction Management and Quantity Surveying, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa	Agumba, J.N., Department of Construction Management and Quantity Surveying, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa; Haupt, T.C., Department of Construction Management and Quantity Surveying, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa	This study sought to identify and validate a comprehensive set of health and safety (H&S) leading indicator metrics that will enable small and medium construction enterprises (SMEs) personnel to monitor the level of H&S performance in their projects. The Delphi approach was used where the opinion of H&S experts, academics and industry practitioners were canvassed on 64 potential indicator metrics, categorized in 10 elements or leading indicators that will enable H&S performance improvement e.g. reduction in accidents, injuries, diseases but to name a few. The experts rated each indicator metric on a 10-point Likert scale of impact, where 1= no major impact or 10% impact and 10 = major impact or 100% impact. Consensus was reached on 32 indicator metrics after four successive rounds of Delphi if the indicators attracted final scores of, percentage median impact of 90% to 100% which is 9.00 to 10.00 median rating and over 50% of respondents rating the indicator metrics in the band of 9.00 to 10.00 or 90% to 100% impact to improve H&S performance. The experts had the opportunity to reconsider their scores informed by the group median score in rounds 2, 3 and 4. The limitation of the study was the reliance of a structured questionnaire in the first round as experts were not allowed to add any new indicators, until the fourth round. This study contributes to the H&S body of knowledge where no consensus has been reached pertaining to the indicator metrics that have major impact to improve H&S performance at project level of construction SMEs in South Africa.	Experts; Health and safety; Performance improvement; Proactive indicators	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858299725	Fuzzy logic-based modeling of the impact of industrial activities on the environmental status of an industrial estate in Nigeria	Agunbiade F.O., Awe A.A., Adebowale K.O.	2011	Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry	93	10	10.1080/02772248.2011.623678	Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, km 46 Lagos-Ibadan Expressway, Redemption City, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Agunbiade, F.O., Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, km 46 Lagos-Ibadan Expressway, Redemption City, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria; Awe, A.A., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adebowale, K.O., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Industrial growth is being attributed with adverse environmental effects and has necessitated stricter environmental management policies. Formulating such policies is limited by the difficulty in understanding the trends of monitoring data. This study is aimed at the application of fuzzy comprehensive assessment (FCA) to integrate environmental contaminants in Agbara industrial estate, Nigeria, to measure the extent of impact of industrial activities on the host community. Samples of water, plants (Pteridium aquilinum, Sacciolepis africana, and Panicum maximum), soil, and sediments were collected within the estate. Water samples were analyzed for quality parameters using standard methods. Metals (Co, Cr, Cd, Cu, and Mn) were investigated in all the samples using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The data were modeled with FCA. The results showed Cr as the major contaminant (34-252 μgL -1). High phosphate contributed to large plant growth in the area. FCA results showed that water samples were in the pristine classification; sediment samples were extremely impacted. The vegetation growth and the sediment precipitation were responsible for the cleaning-up of the pollutants discharged downstream. The FCA of the plants indicated high metal bioaccumulation and not only showed the plants' phyto-remediation potential but also that the metals may pose threats to human health through the food web. The activities in the estate are contributing contaminants to the environment with potential negative effects. © 2011 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	biomonitoring; environment; fuzzy comprehensive assessment; health; industrial activities; modeling	Atomic absorption spectrophotometer; Biomonitoring; environment; Environmental contaminant; Food webs; Fuzzy comprehensive assessment; Human health; Industrial activities; Industrial estate; Industrial growth; Large plants; Logic-based modeling; Metal bioaccumulation; Nigeria; Panicum maximum; Potential negative effects; Quality parameters; Sediment samples; Standard method; Vegetation growth; Water samples; Anoxic sediments; Cadmium; Chromium; Environmental management; Fuzzy logic; Health; Health risks; Impurities; Industry; Manganese; Models; Sedimentology; Plant life extension; biomonitoring; environmental fate; environmental impact assessment; environmental management; food web; fuzzy mathematics; health risk; industrial practice; phytotoxicity; public health; sediment pollution; soil pollution; water pollution; Nigeria; Panicum; Panicum maximum; Pteridium aquilinum; Sacciolepis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747329792	Evaluation of some nutritional characteristics of Indian almond (Prunus amygdalus) nut	Agunbiade S.O., Olanlokun J.O.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	5	4	10.3923/pjn.2006.316.318	Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Agunbiade, S.O., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Olanlokun, J.O., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	The study of nutritional characteristics of Indian almond (Prunus amygdalus) showed the proximate composition to be: 97.70% dry matter, 11.52±1.10% crude protein, 6.76±0.72% ash, 5.09±0.84% crude fibre, and 21.76±1.20% fat and 54.87±2.80% carbohydrate. The antinutrient composition was found to be 0.25% phytin, 0.07% phytin phosphorus, 0.04% cyanide, 1.82%Tannin. Its fatty acid and mineral contents were 0.65% oleic acid, 0.19% phosphorus, 0.17% potassium, 0.25%magnesium, 245.65ppm sodium, 845.45ppm calcium, 92.12ppm zinc, 70.62ppm iron and 9.21ppm copper. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Almonds; Antinutrients; Minerals; Proximate composition	calcium; carbohydrate; copper; cyanide; fatty acid; iron; magnesium; mineral; oleic acid; phosphorus; potassium; sodium; tannin; vegetable oil; vegetable protein; zinc; almond; article; chemical analysis; dry weight; food composition; nonhuman; nutrient; nutritional value; plant fiber; prunus amygdalus; Prunus dulcis; Terminalia catappa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925970724	Recycled aluminium cans/eggshell composites: Evaluation of mechanical and wear resistance properties	Agunsoye J.O., Bello S.A., Talabi I.S., Yekinni A.A., Raheem I.A., Oderinde A.D., Idegbekwu T.E.	2015	Tribology in Industry	37	1	None	Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka Yaba Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kwara State, University, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engine	Agunsoye, J.O., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka Yaba Lagos, Nigeria; Bello, S.A., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kwara State, University, Malete, Kwara State, Nigeria; Talabi, I.S., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Yekinni, A.A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lagos State Polytechnic, Surulere Lagos, Nigeria; Raheem, I.A., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka Yaba Lagos, Nigeria; Oderinde, A.D., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka Yaba Lagos, Nigeria; Idegbekwu, T.E., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka Yaba Lagos, Nigeria	Aluminium based metal matrix composites have been produced from recycled aluminium cans and 150μm sized eggshell particles using a stir cast process. The mechanical properties of the control and aluminium can/eggshell composites produced have been investigated. The microstructures of the aluminium can/eggshell composites were examined with the aids of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) after the sample surfaces have been carefully prepared and etched with aqueous solution of 0.5 cm3 nitric acid. Micrographs revealed that there was a homogenous distribution of eggshell particles within the aluminium can matrix. An indication of effective stirring action during the melting process. The wear resistance was also investigated under different applied loads (6 to 14 N) on an abrasive surface emery paper of grade 220. The results revealed an increase in Young’s modulus of elasticity and yield stress from 1,206.45 and 50.23 Mpa respectively of the cast aluminium can with 0% eggshell particle to the maximum of 3,258.87and 73.2 MPa of aluminium can/12% eggshell composites. The hardness values increased from 66.23 to 75.13 VN. There was a gradual increase in wear rate of the tested samples as the applied load increased. However, the wear resistance of the aluminium can/6% eggshell and aluminium can/12% eggshell composites increased significantly. Hence, recycling of aluminium cans and eggshells can be harnessed into development of useful engineering metal matrix composite materials. © 2015 Published by Faculty of Engineering.	Aluminium can; Mechanical properties; Recycling; Rugged; Waste	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858124719	Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antidiarrhoeal activities of Heeria Insignis O. Ktze	Agunu A., Ahmadu A.A., Afolabi S.O., Yaro A.U., Ehinmidu J.O., Mohammed Z.	2011	Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	73	3	10.4103/0250-474X.93513	Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-810006, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Niger-Delta University, Yenegoa-560001, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Bayero University, Kano-7000	Agunu, A., Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-810006, Nigeria; Ahmadu, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Niger-Delta University, Yenegoa-560001, Nigeria; Afolabi, S.O., Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-810006, Nigeria; Yaro, A.U., Department of Pharmacology, Bayero University, Kano-700006, Nigeria; Ehinmidu, J.O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-810006, Nigeria; Mohammed, Z., Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-810006, Nigeria	Heeria insignis O. Ktze (Anacardiaceae) is an indigenous African shrub used in treatment of diarrhea, venereal diseases, tapeworm, hookworm, schistosomiasis, kidney trouble and for increasing lactation in women after childbirth. The methanol and dichloromethane extracts of the leaves were evaluated for antibacterial activity (using agar-diffusion method) and antidairrheal activity (using isolated rabbit jejunum and castor-oil induced diarrhea in mice). The methanol extract gave higher antibacterial activity than dichloromethane. The order of susceptibility of test microorganisms to methanol extract were Salmonella typhi>Pseudomous aeruginosa> Staphylococcus aureus>Bacillus subtilis>Escherichia coli which were comparable to standard. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the methanol extract for these microorganisms was also determined. The minimum inhibitory concentration (mg/ml) of methanol extract against microorganisms is; B. subtilis (3.9), S. aureus (1.95), E. coli (62.5), Ps. aeruginosa (3.9) and S. typhi (1.95). On the isolated rabbit jejunum evaluation, both extracts produced concentration- dependent relation of isolated rabbit jejunum that was not blocked by phentolamine, suggesting that extracts act via mechanisms other than alpha-adrenergic receptor. In the castor oil-induced diarrheoeal test, each extract gave 80% protection at 200 mg/kg, which is comparable to loperamide 2 mg/kg with 80% protection. This finding may explain the use of the plant in diarrhea and bacterial diseases.	Antibacterial; antidairrhoea; dichloromethane extract; Heeria insignis; methanol extract	castor oil; dichloromethane; Heeria insignis extract; loperamide; methanol; phentolamine; plant extract; unclassified drug; Anacardiaceae; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antibacterial activity; antidiarrheal activity; article; Bacillus subtilis; bacterial infection; cestodiasis; controlled study; diarrhea; drug dose comparison; drug indication; Escherichia coli; Heeria insignis; hookworm infection; jejunum; kidney disease; lactation; medicinal plant; minimum inhibitory concentration; mouse; nonhuman; plant leaf; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; rabbit; Salmonella typhi; schistosomiasis; sexually transmitted disease; Staphylococcus aureus; traditional medicine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24644432106	Evaluation of five medicinal plants used in diarrhoea treatment in Nigeria	Agunu A., Yusuf S., Andrew G.O., Zezi A.U., Abdurahman E.M.	2005	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	101	03-Jan	10.1016/j.jep.2005.03.025	Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Agunu, A., Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Yusuf, S., Department of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Andrew, G.O., Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Zezi, A.U., Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Abdurahman, E.M., Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Five medicinal plants [Acacia nilotica, Acanthospermun hispidum, Gmelina arborea, Parkia biglobosa and Vitex doniana] used in diarrhoeal treatment in Kaduna State, Nigeria, were investigated. This study was carried out on perfused isolated rabbit jejunum and castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice. The aqueous methanol extracts (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg/ml) were generally found to cause a dose-dependent response in the isolated rabbit jejunum, though this was not uniform in all the plants. Gmelina arborea and Vitex doniana showed concentration dependent relaxation at low doses (0.5, 1.0 mg/ml), but showed no significant relaxation at higher doses (2.0, 3.0 mg/ml). Other extracts showed biphasic effects. For example, Acacia nilotica at 3.0 mg/ml caused initial relaxation quickly followed by contraction. In the castor oil-induced diarrhoeal, 100% protections were shown by extracts of Acacia nilotica and Parkia biglobosa (100, 200 mg/kg) while Vitex doniana showed a dose-dependent effect. The least protection was shown by Acanthospermun hispidum, at the same dose, when compared with the other four plants. The results obtained revealed that the aqueous methanol extracts of all the five medicinal plants investigated have pharmacological activity against diarrhoea. This may explain their use in traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antidiarrhoeal; Castor oil; Medicinal plants; Methanol extracts; Tissue relaxation	Acacia nilotica extract; acanthospermum hispidum extract; castor oil; Gmelina arborea extract; loperamide; methanol; Parkia biglobosa extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; vitex doniana extract; Acacia; acanthospermum hispidum; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; concentration (parameters); controlled study; diarrhea; drug activity; drug effect; drug screening; gmelina arborea; intestine contraction; jejunum; male; medicinal plant; mouse; muscle relaxation; Nigeria; nonhuman; Parkia biglobosa; rabbit; Vitex doniana; Acacia; Animals; Diarrhea; Jejunum; Male; Mice; Nigeria; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Rabbits; Vitex; Acacia nilotica; Gmelina arborea; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Parkia biglobosa; Vitex doniana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958111905	Nutritional evaluation of sweet orange (citrus sinensis) fruit peel as a feed resource in broiler production	Agu P.N., Oluremi O.I.A., Tuleun C.D.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	7	None	Department of Animal Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria	Agu, P.N., Department of Animal Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria; Oluremi, O.I.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria; Tuleun, C.D., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria	A study was conducted with broiler chicks to evaluate the nutritional potential of Sweet orange fruit (Citrus sinensis) peel as a feed resource. Sweet orange peels were sun dried, milled and used as a dietary substitute for maize. Six experimental diets coded as M100P0, M90P10, M80P20, M70P30, M60P40 and M50P50 were compounded such that Sweet Orange Peel Meal (SOPM) substituted maize at levels of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%, respectively in broiler starter and finisher diets. One hundred and eighty (180) day-old Anak titan chicks were randomly divided into six groups and one of each was allotted to a diet of three replicates. The birds which were raised in deep litter pens for sixty-three days were fed ad libitum and had access to fresh cool drinking water daily. Performance data: feed intake, water consumption, body weight, Body Weight Gain (BWG), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were collected during the feeding trial and carcass evaluation was done at the termination of the trial. In both starter and finisher phases, the diets had no effect (p>0.05) on feed intake, water consumption, body BWG and FCR but had significant effect (p<0.01) on the body weight of broilers as the level of the SOPM increased from 0-50%. There was a significant decrease in body weight at SOPM level higher than 20%. Experimental diets had highly significant effect (p<0.001) on dressing percent, drumstick and wing from 30% level of SOPM while other carcass cuts: thigh, breast, back, neck and shoulder were statistically the same (p>0.05) among the dietary groups. The diets had no effect (p>0.05) on kidney, liver, heart, spleen, gall bladder and lung but had significant effect (p<0.01) on proventriculus and gizzard as the SOPM level increased. The organs were normal and there were no observable adverse effects on the health of broilers. SOPM can be a dietary substitute for maize up to 20% level in the diet for broiler. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Broiler; Carcass; Orange peel; Organs; Performance	Aves; Citrus sinensis; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874401223	Impact of plasmodium falciparum and hookworm infections on the frequency of anaemia in pregnant women of rural communities in Enugu, South East Nigeria	Agu P.U., Ogboi J.S., Akpoigbe K., Okeke T., Ezugwu E.	2013	Pan African Medical Journal	14	None	10.11604/pamj.2013.14.27.1925	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria; University of Camerino, Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health (Malaria and Human Development), 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy; Soc	Agu, P.U., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria; Ogboi, J.S., University of Camerino, Department of Experimental Medicine and Public Health (Malaria and Human Development), 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy; Akpoigbe, K., Society for Family Health, Garki Abuja, Nigeria; Okeke, T., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria; Ezugwu, E., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria	Introduction: Malaria and hookworm infections are common in sub-Saharan Africa and they increase the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy with resultant poor pregnancy outcomes. This study was carried out to assess the impact of Plasmodium falciparum and hookworm infections on the frequency of anaemia among pregnant women in two rural communities in Enugu, South East Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out in a total of 226 women attending antenatal clinics at two rural Primary Health Centres (PHC) from April 2011 to July 2011(each PHC with 113 subjects). Socio-demographic data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Blood and stool samples were evaluated for haemoglobin estimation and malaria parasites, and stool samples examined for parasitic infection in all the women. Data was analyzed using STATA 10 software statistical analysis package. Student t-test was used for comparing mean values and chi square test for comparing categorical variables and level of significance set at p<0.05 and logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors associated with malaria in pregnancy Results: The mean age of the women was 27years with range 18 - 38years and SD of 5years. Most of the women were housewives and over 50% in their second trimester. 53% of them had malaria parasites while 27% had hookworm infection. About 40% of the women were anaemic (haemoglobin <10g/dl). There was a significant difference in mean haemoglobin (0.84g/dl) between those with malaria and without malaria (p < 0.001). Similar association was found between hookworm infection and anaemia (p <0.001). Though both malaria and hookworm infections greatly increase the odds for anaemia (AOR 18.06, CI 18.15 -39.99, P<0.001) and (AOR 5.28, CI 2.26 -12.38, P<0.001) respectively, the odds for having anaemia in pregnancy was higher for malaria than hookworm infections. Conclusion: Plasmodium falciparum and hookworm infections have significant impact on the high frequency of anaemia in pregnancy in our rural communities. There is need to strengthen the control program that has been in place with an integrated intervention to combat these parasitic infections in our rural communities, with mass distribution of antihelminthics as one of the included relevant methods, among others. © Polycarp Uche Agu et al.	Enugu; Hookworm; Malaria; Nigeria; Parasites	hemoglobin; adult; anemia; article; blood sampling; cross-sectional study; descriptive research; disease association; feces analysis; female; health center; hemoglobin blood level; hookworm infection; human; major clinical study; malaria falciparum; Nigeria; Plasmodium falciparum; pregnant woman; prevalence; risk factor; rural area; second trimester pregnancy; social aspect; structured questionnaire	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650973080	Performance of laterite-cement blocks as walling units in relation to sandcrete blocks	Aguwa J.I.	2010	Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies	9	16	None	Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	Aguwa, J.I., Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	A study of the performance of laterite-cement blocks as walling materials in relation to those of sandcrete was conducted, for the purpose of establishing a cheaper building material in Minna, Niger state, Nigeria and surrounding towns, in the present ever increasing cost of building material. An A-2-6 laterite according to the AASHTO classification system was stabilized with 0-10% cement content by weight of the soil at a constant interval of 2% to produce 20 blocks of size 100mm × 100mm × 100mm for each mix. One hundred laterite-cement blocks were produced, cured under laboratory conditions and subjected to compressive strength test at 7, 14, 21, and 28-days of age, in five applications for each cement mix ratio. The average compressive strength was determined from five blocks crushed in each mix at every age of curing and the same procedure was repeated using sandcrete blocks. At a common cement content of 6%, the compressive strengths, densities, water absorption and the cost per square metre of wall for both types of blocks were determined. The study recommends the use of lateritecement blocks as walling materials in Minna and environs because it has better engineering properties and more economical with a saving of 30% per square metre of wall when compared with the use of sandcrete blocks.	Blocks; Laterite-cement; Mix; Performance; Sandcrete; Walling-units	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939966140	Structural performance of the Nigerian grown Abura timber bridge beam subjected to compression and shearing forces	Aguwa J.I.	2015	KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering	19	4	10.1007/s12205-013-0164-9	Dept. of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	Aguwa, J.I., Dept. of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	There is the need to subject some Nigerian timber species to reliability analysis in order to establish their structural usefulness. It is on this basis that the Nigerian grown Abura timber was studied and structurally assessed to understand its performance as timber bridge beams. This was achieved by preparing some test specimens of it from naturally seasoned samples at moisture content of 18%.and determining its strength properties, which were subjected to statistical analysis to obtain the mean, standard deviation as well as the coefficient of variation. Structural analysis, deterministic design and structural reliability analysis were performed on the Abura timber bridge beam at the Ultimate Limit State of loading. A computer programme developed in FORTRAN language and First-Order Reliability Method (FORM) were used in the reliability analysis. In order to study the effect of geometry and loading on the reliability index, sensitivity analysis was performed by altering the geometrical dimensions of the beam as well as the magnitude of the loadings on the beam. Satisfactory level of reliability indices were recorded at depth of 400 mm, breadth of 150 mm and span of 5000 mm under the ultimate limit state of loading. The Abura bridge beam depicted very low level of safety when subjected to only shearing forces under the specified design conditions. The probabilities of failure of the Abura bridge beam in compression and shear are 0.68 × 10−5 and 0.023 respectively, under the specified design conditions. © 2015, Korean Society of Civil Engineers and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	compression and shearing; Nigerian grown abura; strength; structural reliability; timber bridge beam	Bridge components; Design; Sensitivity analysis; Shearing; Structural analysis; Timber; Wooden bridges; Coefficient of variation; First order reliability methods; Geometrical dimensions; Nigerians; strength; Structural reliability; Structural reliability analysis; Timber bridge; Reliability analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77149151210	Athletes' use of chewing-gum as psychogenic aid in sports performance	Agwubike E.O.	2009	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	8	12	10.3923/pjn.2009.1898.1901	Department of Health, Environmental Education and Human Kinetics, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Agwubike, E.O., Department of Health, Environmental Education and Human Kinetics, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	The paper focuses on athletes' use of chewing gum as an ergogenic aid in their sports engagements. Descriptive survey design was used for the study. Four each of research questions and hypotheses were raised to guide the study. A sample of 276 (164 males and 112 females) was purposively drawn from a population of athletes that participated during NUGA preliminaries in 2006. A self-structured validated questionnaire was used for the collection of data. The data collected were descriptively and inferentially analyzed. The findings revealed that: Athletes perceive chewing gum as an efficacious psychological means of adjusting to sports stress and conditions. The level of use of chewing gum by athletes as a psychogenic aid is dependent upon the importance attached to the sports engagement, the less the importance the less the use. Assorted reasons are projected by athletes for using chewing gum as a psychogenic aid. The use of chewing gum as a psychogenic aid favours female athletes more than their male counterparts. The degree of use of chewing gum by athletes as a psychogenic aid discriminates among various sports types. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Athletes; Chewing gum; Sports	adolescent; adult; article; athlete; athletic performance; chewing gum; female; human; information processing; male; questionnaire; stress	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34648834436	Evaluation of critical thinking application in medical ultrasound practice among sonographers in south-eastern Nigeria	Agwu K.K., Ogbu S.O.I., Okpara E.	2007	Radiography	13	4	10.1016/j.radi.2007.01.001	Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Agwu, K.K., Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria; Ogbu, S.O.I., Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria; Okpara, E., Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Purpose: To investigate the application of critical thinking (CT) in medical ultrasound by sonographers in south-eastern Nigeria as a measure of the quality of practice. Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire based on six elements of CT was distributed to 82 sonographers selected through a simple random sampling. The questionnaire investigated the application of the elements of interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation and self-regulation involved in CT by medical sonographers. The data for each respondent were categorized into age, experience and the elements of CT. Statistical analyses were done using mean and Spearman's Rank correlation. Results: The overall mean score of the practitioners on all the elements of CT application was 8.65 ± 6.76 against a total of 60. The application of CT did not show any correlation with age or clinical experience using Spearman's Rank correlation (r = -0.017; p > 0.05 and r = -0.086; p > 0.05, respectively). Conclusions: The results show that there is poor application of CT by medical sonographers in the locality which may impact negatively on the outcome of this diagnostic process. Increase in the number of formal training programmes in sonography and inclusion of CT skills in the curriculum are recommended. © 2007 The College of Radiographers.	Audit; Critical thinking; Medical sonography	adult; article; clinical practice; controlled study; critical thinking; health care personnel; health care quality; human; Nigeria; priority journal; questionnaire; ultrasound	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84956686472	MARKETING CAPABILITY, COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES and PERFORMANCE of MICRO and SMALL FAMILY BUSINESSES in GHANA	Agyapong A., Osei H.V., Akomea S.Y.	2015	Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship	20	4	10.1142/S1084946715500260	KNUST School of Business, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Agyapong, A., KNUST School of Business, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Osei, H.V., KNUST School of Business, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Akomea, S.Y., KNUST School of Business, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	The study examines the mediating role of competitive strategies (cost leadership and differentiation) in the marketing capability-performance relationship using data from 264 micro and small family firms in Ghana. The bootstrap method for exploring mediating relationships was used to examine the hypotheses. The findings indicate that although differentiation influence performance, cost leadership does not influence performance after controlling for firm age and firm size. However, marketing capability significantly influence performance. The findings further revealed that marketing capabilities do not have any indirect relationship on performance through cost leadership. However, the results indicated that marketing capability influenced firm performance through differentiation strategy. The findings indicate the need to implement both competitive strategy and marketing capability to enhance performance of micro and small family businesses. © 2015 World Scientific Publishing Company.	Businesses; capability; family; performance; strategy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945484673	Understanding inter-community performance assessments in community-based resource management at Avu Lagoon, Ghana	Agyare A.K., Murray G., Dearden P., Rollins R.	2015	Environment, Development and Sustainability	17	6	10.1007/s10668-014-9617-7	Wildlife Division of Forestry Commission, Accra, Ghana; Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada; University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada	Agyare, A.K., Wildlife Division of Forestry Commission, Accra, Ghana; Murray, G., Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada; Dearden, P., University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Rollins, R., Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada	Community-based natural resources governance (CBNRG) is becoming increasingly important as a means to achieve both conservation and sustainable livelihood goals. Assessing the performance of such approaches is an important step in improving their performance and facilitating their expansion. However, CBNRG initiatives are often not restricted to one community, and significant differences may exist among communities that can be obscured using performance assessments that do not attend to those differences. This paper first assesses the performance of the Avu Lagoon Community Resource Management Area (CREMA) in Ghana through a survey of 232 households and an 18 participant workshop that compares desired outcomes with those outcomes that were perceived to have been achieved (i.e. performance). This paper next examines the differences among four communities within the Avu Lagoon CREMA and provides some insight as to why these differences occur. Results indicate that overall, achieved outcomes fall short of desired outcomes. This is particularly the case for socio-economic outcomes and less so for conservation outcomes. We also find that communities are more homogenous in their desired outcomes than they are in their assessment of performance outcomes. There are important differences among the four communities in terms of the importance attached to outcomes and the achievement of those outcomes. Influential variables include how and who introduced the CBNRG concept to the local communities, existing socio-economic and cultural context, the development status and challenges of the community, effective leadership, and institutional capabilities. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Avu Lagoon CREMA; CBNRG; Community; Conservation; Livelihoods; Protected areas; Variability	community dynamics; household survey; institutional development; leadership; performance assessment; protected area; resource management; socioeconomic impact; sustainability; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885611960	Evaluation of antimicrobial and wound healing potential of Justicia flava and Lannea welwitschii	Agyare C., Bempah S.B., Boakye Y.D., Ayande P.G., Adarkwa-Yiadom M., Mensah K.B.	2013	Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine	2013	None	10.1155/2013/632927	Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2330, United States; Department of Human Biology and Nursing, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Drugs and Forensic Laboratory, Ghana Standards Authority, Accra, Ghana; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Agyare, C., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2330, United States; Bempah, S.B., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Boakye, Y.D., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Ayande, P.G., Department of Human Biology and Nursing, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Adarkwa-Yiadom, M., Drugs and Forensic Laboratory, Ghana Standards Authority, Accra, Ghana; Mensah, K.B., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Microbial infections of various types of wounds are a challenge to the treatment of wounds and wound healing. The aim of the study is to determine the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and in vivo wound healing properties of methanol leaf extracts of Justicia flava and Lannea welwitschii. The antimicrobial activity was investigated using agar well diffusion and microdilution methods. The free radical scavenging activity of the methanol leaf extracts was performed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH). The rate of wound contraction was determined using excision model. The test organisms used were Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 4853, Bacillus subtilis NTCC 10073, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and clinical strains of Candida albicans. The MICs of methanol leaf extract of J. flava against test organisms were E. coli (7.5 mg/mL); P. aeruginosa (7.5 mg/mL); S. aureus (5 mg/mL); B. subtilis (7.5 mg/mL); and C. albicans (5 mg/mL). The MICs of methanol leaf extract of L. welwitschii against test organisms were E. coli (5 mg/mL); P. aeruginosa (10 mg/mL); S. aureus (5 mg/mL); B. subtilis (2.5 mg/mL); and C. albicans (2.5 mg/mL). The MBC/MFC of the extract was between 10 and 50 mg/mL. The IC 50 of the reference antioxidant, α-tocopherol, was 1.5 g/mL and the methanol leaf extracts of J. flava and L. welwitschii had IC50 of 65.3 g/mL and 81.8 g/mL, respectively. The methanol leaf extracts of J. flava and L. welwitschii gave a significant reduction in wound size as compared to the untreated. The rates of wound closure after the application of the extracts (7.5% w/w) were compared to the untreated wounds. On the 9th day, J. flava extract had a percentage wound closure of 99% (P&lt;0.01) and that of L. welwitschii exhibited wound closure of 95% (P&lt;0.05) on the 13th day compared to the untreated wounds. The two extracts significantly (P&lt;0.01) increased the tensile strength of wounds compared to the untreated wounds. The extracts treated wound tissues showed improved angiogenesis, collagenation, and reepithelialization compared to the untreated wound tissues. The preliminary phytochemical screening of J. flava and L. welwitschii leaf extracts revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides. The above results indicate that methanol leaf extracts of J. flava and L. welwitschii possess antimicrobial and wound healing properties which may justify the traditional uses of J. flava and L. welwitschii in the treatment of wounds and infections. © 2013 Christian Agyare et al.	None	alkaloid; alpha tocopherol; anthracene; antibiotic agent; antifungal agent; antioxidant; chloramphenicol; clotrimazole; flavonoid; glycoside; Justicia flava extract; Lannea welwitschii extract; plant extract; saponin; silver sulphadiazine; steroid; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; wound healing promoting agent; Acanthaceae; agar diffusion; Anacardiaceae; angiogenesis; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; antioxidant activity; article; Bacillus subtilis; Candida albicans; controlled study; epithelization; Escherichia coli; high performance liquid chromatography; IC 50; Justicia flava; Lannea welwitschii; medicinal plant; minimum bactericidal concentration; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; priority journal; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; tensile strength; wound closure; wound healing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929091282	The need for post-occupancy evaluation of public apartment buildings in Ghana	Agyefi-Mensah S., Post J., van Egmond E., Badu E., Mohammadi M.	2015	Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology	13	2	10.1108/JEDT-05-2013-0033	Department of Architecture, Building and Planning, Technical University of Eindhoven (TU/e), Eindhoven, Netherlands; Department of Building Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Agyefi-Mensah, S., Department of Architecture, Building and Planning, Technical University of Eindhoven (TU/e), Eindhoven, Netherlands; Post, J., Department of Architecture, Building and Planning, Technical University of Eindhoven (TU/e), Eindhoven, Netherlands; van Egmond, E., Department of Architecture, Building and Planning, Technical University of Eindhoven (TU/e), Eindhoven, Netherlands; Badu, E., Department of Building Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Mohammadi, M., Department of Architecture, Building and Planning, Technical University of Eindhoven (TU/e), Eindhoven, Netherlands	Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine and show why post-occupancy evaluation (POE) of public apartment buildings in Ghana as a product of design is important. Design/methodology/approach: By design the paper is descriptive. It uses a literature review as a method to summarize, synthesize and show the gaps in the existing knowledge on public apartment buildings in general and Ghana in particular. These arguments are brought together in a conceptual framework for approaching POE studies. Findings: This paper finds that gaps exist in the existing POE research knowledge regarding public apartment buildings in Ghana not only as residential settings but also as designed artifacts intended for use. Research limitations/implications: There is a need for scientific research which focus on the design and use of public apartment buildings in Ghana to provide empirical basis for design, policy and research decision-making. Social implications: This paper shows that occupants’ feedback information is important, as it can benefits government, designers and builders, building regulators and managers, as well as end users. Originality/value: The paper contributes a conceptual framework based on which POE studies can be designed. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Architectural design; Built environment research	Apartment houses; Buildings; Decision making; Design; Product design; Apartment buildings; Built environment; Conceptual frameworks; Design/methodology/approach; Feed back information; Post occupancy evaluation; Postoccupancy evaluation (POE); Scientific researches; Architectural design	None
WoS	WOS:000310590100002	Perceptions of health and environmental impacts of e-waste management in Ghana	Agyei-Mensah, Samuel,Oteng-Ababio, Martin	2012	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH	22	6	10.1080/09603123.2012.667795	University of Ghana	"Agyei-Mensah, Samuel: University of Ghana","Oteng-Ababio, Martin: University of Ghana"	This paper explores the perception of health and environmental concerns of workers and residents living close to e-waste recycling sites in Ghana using both qualitative and quantitative research techniques. The social constructionist approach and a logit regression model were adopted to examine the rationale of their claims and concerns which have hitherto been unknown and unexplored. We find that workers' environmental and health perceptions were seriously downplayed and do not match those of epidemiological studies, revealing a lack of convergence between lay and expert knowledge. This study further shows a respondent-specificity rationale; the perception of those directly involved in the processes was mainly influenced by economic considerations, while some at best displayed "genuine'' ignorance. We recommend that all policy interventions incorporate approaches that have a better chance of arriving at conclusions economically meaningful to participants and that facilitate greater understanding of health and environmental issues.	"ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH","e-waste recycling",GHANA,POVERTY,"RISK PERCEPTION",AIR-POLLUTION,AREA,CHINA,ELECTRONIC-WASTE,PEOPLE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923307359	Performance appraisal systems in academic and research libraries in Ghana: A survey	Agyen-Gyasi K., Boateng M.S.	2015	Library Review	64	None	10.1108/LR-02-2014-0019	Library, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Agyen-Gyasi, K., Library, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Boateng, M.S., Library, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Purpose – The purpose of this study is to discuss the impact of performance appraisal on the productivity levels of professional and para-professional librarians in selected academic and research libraries in Ghana, namely, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Building and Road Research Institute, Crop Research Institute and the Forestry Research Institute of Ghana of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research and the Kumasi Polytechnic. Design/methodology/approach – Both primary and secondary sources of data were used for the study. The primary data involved the use of a structured questionnaire to 60 respondents, but 50 of them, representing 83.3 per cent, responded. This was supplemented by secondary sources such as records on file, journals, books and Internet sources. Findings – The survey revealed that these institutions practice performance appraisal on an annual basis as a way of promoting team work, reducing grievances, identifying employees’ strengths and weaknesses and their training needs. It was observed that these institutions do not have a common appraisal format for appraising their staff. Furthermore, only the Head Librarians carry out the appraisals instead of the Line Mangers who are always in touch with these employees on a daily basis. Originality/value – The paper will be of significant value to policymakers and administrators in academic and research institutions in the planning and implementation of performance appraisal systems. Challenges facing these institutions in implementing effective performance appraisal have been highlighted and appropriate recommendations have been made to ensure quality service delivery. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Human resource development; Job evaluation; Performance indicators; Work ethics	None	None
WoS	WOS:000338472600001	Advancing the application of systems thinking in health: realist evaluation of the Leadership Development Programme for district manager decision-making in Ghana	Agyepong, Irene Akua,Kwamie, Aku,van Dijk, Han	2014	HEALTH RESEARCH POLICY AND SYSTEMS	12	None	10.1186/1478-4505-12-29	University of Ghana, Wageningen Univ, Wageningen University & Research Center	"Agyepong, Irene Akua: University of Ghana",	Background: Although there is widespread agreement that strong district manager decision-making improves health systems, understanding about how the design and implementation of capacity-strengthening interventions work is limited. The Ghana Health Service has adopted the Leadership Development Programme (LDP) as one intervention to support the development of management and leadership within district teams. This paper seeks to address how and why the LDP 'works' when it is introduced into a district health system in Ghana, and whether or not it supports systems thinking in district teams. Methods: We undertook a realist evaluation to investigate the outcomes, contexts, and mechanisms of the intervention. Building on two working hypotheses developed from our earlier work, we developed an explanatory case study of one rural district in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Data collection included participant observation, document review, and semi-structured interviews with district managers prior to, during, and after the intervention. Working backwards from an in-depth analysis of the context and observed short-and medium-term outcomes, we drew a causal loop diagram to explain interactions between contexts, outcomes, and mechanisms. Results: The LDP was a valuable experience for district managers and teams were able to attain short-term outcomes because the novel approach supported teamwork, initiative-building, and improved prioritisation. However, the LDP was not institutionalised in district teams and did not lead to increased systems thinking. This was related to the context of high uncertainty within the district, and hierarchical authority of the system, which triggered the LDP's underlying goal of organisational control. Conclusions: Consideration of organisational context is important when trying to sustain complex interventions, as it seems to influence the gap between short-and medium-term outcomes. More explicit focus on systems thinking principles that enable district managers to better cope with their contexts may strengthen the institutionalisation of the LDP in the future.	"Continuous quality improvements","district health systems","realist evaluation","systems thinking",CARE,MODELS,"TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT",UGANDA,WORKERS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-47749141840	Model for predicting the performance of project managers at the construction phase of mass house building projects	Ahadzie D.K., Proverbs D.G., Olomolaiye P.O.	2008	Journal of Construction Engineering and Management	134	8	10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2008)134:8(618)	Kwame Nkrumah Univ. of Science and Technology, Center for Settlement Studies, Kumasi, Ghanan, Ghana; Department of Project Management, Univ. of Wolverhampton, School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Wolverhampton, WV1 1SB, United Kingdom; School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Univ. of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, WV1, 1SB, United Kingdom	Ahadzie, D.K., Kwame Nkrumah Univ. of Science and Technology, Center for Settlement Studies, Kumasi, Ghanan, Ghana, School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Univ. of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, WV1, 1SB, United Kingdom; Proverbs, D.G., Department of Project Management, Univ. of Wolverhampton, School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Wolverhampton, WV1 1SB, United Kingdom; Olomolaiye, P.O., Department of Project Management, Univ. of Wolverhampton, School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Wolverhampton, WV1 1SB, United Kingdom	The need to match project managers' (PMs) performance measures onto projects of both unique and similar characteristics has long since been acknowledged by researchers. The need for these measures to reflect the various phases of the project life cycle has also been contended in the recent past. Here, a competency-based multidimensional conceptual model is proposed for mass house building projects (MHBPs). The model reflects both performance behaviors and outcome in predicting the PMs' performances at the conceptual, planning, design, tender, construction, and operational phases of the project life cycle. Adopting a positivist approach, data elicited for the construction phase is analyzed using multiple regression techniques (stepwise selection). Out of a broad range of behavioral metrics identified as the independent variables, the findings suggest the best predictors of PMs' performances in MHBPs at the construction phase are: job knowledge in site layout techniques for repetitive construction works; dedication in helping works contractors achieve works schedule; job knowledge of appropriate technology transfer for repetitive construction works; effective time management practices on house units; ability to provide effective solution to conflicts, simultaneously maintaining good relationships; ease with which works contractors are able to approach the PM and volunteering to help works contractors solve personal problems. ANOVA, multicollineriality, Durbin-Watson, and residual analysis, confirm the goodness of fit. Validation of the model also reflected reasonably high predictive accuracy suggesting the findings could be generalized. These results indicate that the model can be a reliable tool for predicting the performance of PMs in MHBPs. © 2008 ASCE.	Buildings, residential; Construction management; Housing; Managers; Professional development; Regression models	Appropriate technologies; Conceptual modelling; Construction phasing; Construction works; Effective solution; Effective time; Goodness of fit (GOF); House building; Independent variables; Metrics (CO); Multidimensional (MD); Multiple regression techniques; Operational phases; Performance measure (PF); Predictive accuracy; Project life cycle (PLC); Project manager (PM); Residual analysis; Site layout; Construction industry; Contractors; Contracts; Food processing; Forecasting; Houses; Life cycle; Management; Managers; Technological forecasting; Technology; Technology transfer; Project management	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862217530	Performance evaluation of portable sprinkler irrigation system in Ilorin, Nigeria	Ahaneku I.E.	2010	Indian Journal of Science and Technology	3	8	10.17485/ijst/2010/v3i8/29896	Dept. of Agricultural and Bioresources Engg., Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 65, Minna, Nigeria	Ahaneku, I.E., Dept. of Agricultural and Bioresources Engg., Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 65, Minna, Nigeria	The global climate change and its attendant effect on scarce water resources have further reduced the amount of water available for agriculture. Under this circumstance, the use of pressurized irrigation systems can be an option of enhancing the efficiency of water consumption. This study was therefore conducted to evaluate the performance of a new portable sprinkler system purchased by the lower Niger river basin development authority, Ilorin, Nigeria. Catch can test were carried out to determine the performance of irrigation applied with the portable sprinkler irrigation systems under field conditions. The tests were carried out using ASABE (2009) standard procedures. The coefficient of uniformity (CU) was used to compute the uniformity of sprinkler water application on the field; while the delivery performance ratio (DPR) was used to quantify the efficiency of the management inputs of the sprinkler system. Results of the field evaluation indicated that the average CU and DPR of the system were 86% and 87%, respectively, indicating satisfactory performance of the sprinkler system. Emanating from the study were a set of performance guidelines and recommendations for the design and management of sprinkler irrigation systems necessary for the achievement of optimum performance. © Indian Society for Education and Environment (iSee).	Evaluation; Nigeria; Performance; Sprinkler irrigation; Water	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864591014	Case Study: The Impact of the ACU-PAL Scheme for the Provision of Journal Subscriptions to Libraries in Developing Countries	Ahenkorah-Marfo M., Senyah Y.	2012	Serials Librarian	63	2	10.1080/0361526X.2012.700776	University Library, KNUST, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana	Ahenkorah-Marfo, M., University Library, KNUST, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana; Senyah, Y., University Library, KNUST, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana	This study examines the impact of the Association of Commonwealth Universities-Protecting the African Library (ACU-PAL) scheme for the provision of journal subscriptions to libraries of developing economies, using the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology library in Kumasi, Ghana as a case study. The history of the scheme is outlined and subscription outcomes between 2006 and 2009 are critically examined. The mode of selecting and ordering of the journals is also discussed. The scheme has been found to have met the core journal needs of faculty and students to a greater extent, and this success could be enhanced further if the challenges identified are addressed. Recommendations are made to improve on the scheme and advice is provided for non-participating members to take advantage of the scheme. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	academic publishers Commonwealth Universities; journal subscription; low-cost journals	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955692703	Evaluation of trace elements contents in staple foodstuffs from the gold mining areas in southwestern part of Ghana using neutron activation analysis	Ahiamadjie H., Serfor-Armah Y., Tandoh J.B., Gyampo O., Ofosu F.G., Dampare S.B., Adotey D.K., Nyarko B.J.B.	2011	Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry	288	3	10.1007/s10967-011-0979-0	Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Department of Earth Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1, Tsushima-Naka, 3-Chome, Okayama 700-8530, Japan	Ahiamadjie, H., Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Serfor-Armah, Y., Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Tandoh, J.B., Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Gyampo, O., Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Ofosu, F.G., Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Dampare, S.B., Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana, Department of Earth Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1, Tsushima-Naka, 3-Chome, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Adotey, D.K., Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Nyarko, B.J.B., Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, National Nuclear Research Institute, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana	Most studies in gold mining areas in Ghana have been concentrated on soil, sediment and atmospheric pollution, very limited work has been conducted on consumed crops. This work therefore aims at shedding more light on the effects of gold mining activities on selected consumed food crops ("Xanthosoma sagittifolium", "Colocasia esculenta", "Musa paradisiacal" and "Manihot Esculentus" in Ghana using Neutron Activation Analysis. Arsenic (As) recorded very alarming concentrations averaging about 6.37 mg/kg, which is twice WHO recommended levels for "Manihot esculentus", "Xanthosoma sagittifolium" and "Musa Paradisiacal" from Iduapriem Town. The distributions of the concentration of Mercury were more concentrated in the gold mining towns recording values exceeding WHO recommended values. This calls for a concerted effort to minimize the negative impacts of gold mining in the study area. The distribution of the various elemental concentration in various foodstuffs were accomplished by employing statistical methods like Cluster, Principal Component Analysis and Pearson correlation matrix. Statistically, two separate clusters was observed for foodstuffs from mining and non- mining towns. © 2011 Akadémiai Kiadó.	Gold mining; Neutron activation analysis; Staple foodstuffs; Trace elements	arsenic; mercury; trace element; article; banana; cassava; Colocasia; controlled study; environmental impact; food composition; food contamination; Ghana; mining; neutron activation analysis; nonhuman; Xanthosoma	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864662368	Project Communication, Individual Commitment, Social Networks, and Perceived Project Performance	Ahimbisibwe A., Nangoli S.	2012	Journal of African Business	13	2	10.1080/15228916.2012.693436	Faculty of Commerce and Administration, Victoria University of Wellington, P. O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand; Department of Business Administration, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda	Ahimbisibwe, A., Faculty of Commerce and Administration, Victoria University of Wellington, P. O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand; Nangoli, S., Department of Business Administration, Makerere University Business School, Kampala, Uganda	This research examines the role of project communication, individual commitment, and social networks in explaining perceived project performance. Despite the increased involvement of commercial banks in citizenship projects in Uganda, anecdotal evidence reveals that over 70% of citizenship projects fall short of the expected quality, fail to boost bank awareness, are cost overrun, and are completed behind schedule. Based on data from 121 citizenship projects conducted by 16 commercial banks in Uganda, findings revealed that project communication, individual commitment, and social networks are significant predictors of perceived project performance. This study has managerial implications, which are presented in this article. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	commitment; communication; project performance; social networks	banking; communication; perception; performance assessment; project management; social network; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875979357	Outsourced contracts, buyer-supplier trust, support opportunistic behavior and supplier performance inugandan public procuring and disposing entities (PDEs)	Ahimbisibwe A., Muhwezi M., Nangoli S.	2012	Journal of Public Procurement	12	4	None	Victoria University of Wellington, Makerere University, Public Procurement and Contract Management, Uganda; Department Procurement and Logistics Management, Makerere University, Contract management and project management, Uganda; Makerere University, Strategic management, project management, Public procurement and general management, Uganda	Ahimbisibwe, A., Victoria University of Wellington, Makerere University, Public Procurement and Contract Management, Uganda; Muhwezi, M., Department Procurement and Logistics Management, Makerere University, Contract management and project management, Uganda; Nangoli, S., Makerere University, Strategic management, project management, Public procurement and general management, Uganda	This study sought to examine the extent to which outsourced contracts, buyer-supplier trust and supplier opportunistic behavior explain supplier performance in Ugandan Public Procuring and Disposing Entities (PDEs). This study was prompted by reports of long lead times, failure to match specifications, late deliveries, poor quality of services delivered, contract violations, and increased supplier cheating. Cross sectional data from 116 central government PDEs concerning outsourced contracts was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Hierarchical regression was used to indicate what happens to a model that was developed as part of this research as different predictor variables are introduced. The findings revealed that outsourced contracts, buyer-supplier trust, and supplier opportunistic behavior are significant predictors of supplier performance. The study has both managerial and policy implications which are discussed in this paper. © 2012 by PrAcademics Press.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84935035763	Evaluation of workload and its impact on satisfaction among pharmacy academicians in Southern India	Ahmad A., Khan M.U., Srikanth A.B., Patel I., Nagappa A.N., Jamshed S.Q.	2015	Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research	9	6	10.7860/JCDR/2015/12921.6023	Department of Clinical Pharmacy, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Shenandoah University, 1775 N Sector Ct, Winchester, VA, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Management, MCOPS, Manipal University, Manipal, India; Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan Campus, Pahang, Malaysia	Ahmad, A., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Khan, M.U., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Srikanth, A.B., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia; Patel, I., Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Shenandoah University, 1775 N Sector Ct, Winchester, VA, United States; Nagappa, A.N., Department of Pharmaceutical Management, MCOPS, Manipal University, Manipal, India; Jamshed, S.Q., Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan Campus, Pahang, Malaysia	Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of workload among pharmacy academicians working in public and private sector universities in India. The study also aimed to assess the satisfaction of academicians towards their workload. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 2 months among pharmacy academicians in Karnataka state of Southern India. Convenience sampling was used to select a sample and was contacted via email and/or social networking sites. Questionnaire designed by thorough review literature was used as a tool to collect data on workload (teaching, research, extracurricular services) and satisfaction. Results: Of 214 participants, 95 returned the filled questionnaire giving the response rate of 44.39%. Private sector academicians had more load of teaching (p=0.046) and they appeared to be less involved in research activities (p=0.046) as compared to public sector academicians. More than half of the respondents (57.9%) were satisfied with their workload with Assistant Professors were least satisfied as compared to Professors (p=0.01). Conclusion: Overall, private sector academicians are more burdened by teaching load and also are less satisfied of their workload. Revision of private universities policies may aid in addressing this issue. © 2015, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved.	India; Job satisfaction; Pharmacists	Article; convenience sample; cross-sectional study; female; human; job satisfaction; male; open-ended questionnaire; organization and management; pharmacist; pharmacy; pilot study; research; teacher; teaching; work experience; workload	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84965175704	Evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practice about self-medication among rural and urban north Indian population	Ahmad A., Khan M.U., Srikanth A.B., Kumar B., Singh N.K., Trivedi N., Elnour A.A., Patel I.	2015	International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research	7	5	None	Department of Clinical Pharmacy, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, UP, India; Department of Pharmacology, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy Shenandoah University, Winchester, VA, United States	Ahmad, A., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Khan, M.U., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Srikanth, A.B., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; Kumar, B., Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, UP, India; Singh, N.K., Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, UP, India; Trivedi, N., Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, UP, India; Elnour, A.A., Department of Pharmacology, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates; Patel, I., Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy Shenandoah University, Winchester, VA, United States	Background: The practice of self-medication is very common in developing countries like India. Several problems have been reported to be associated with self-medication like wastage of resources, adverse drug reactions and antimicrobial resistance. Not many studies in past have explored the differences regarding the knowledge, attitude and practice of selfmedication in rural and urban population of India. Subjects and Methods: The present study was a community based cross sectional study aimed to gather information about the self-medication practices, knowledge and attitude and its factors affecting self medication in the rural and urban population of Moradabad District, Uttar Pradesh from March 2014 to May 2014. Data for self medication were collected through a pre-designed and face validated from the studied population. All data were coded, entered and analyzed using the statistical package for Social sciences program version 20.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The response rate was 90.47%.The present study shows 100% study participants practiced self-medication. Majority of the participants are male (58.4%) and more than 63% belonged to rural area. Almost 60% respondents believed that OTC medications are safe. 75% participants believed chronic use of OTC drugs can cause ADRs. Majority of participants did not follow the recommendations while using these medicines. Participants belong to urban area was more aware of non-prescription drugs (p<0.05).NSAIDs are most commonly used medication among both urban and rural population respectively 67% and 37%. Conclusion: The prevalence of self-medication was high among rural population. The level of knowledge was more among urban population and NSAIDs were the highest consumed medicine among both rural and urban population. Population health awareness programs by pharmacists especially at retail pharmacy and continuing education are essential for controlling self-medication. Hence, there is a need to launch educational campaigns to bridge gap of knowledge especially in rural population. It is imperative that Government and other concerned organizations should promote rational self-medication and well-being in rural communities. © 2015, International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. All rights reserved.	Knowledge and attitude; OTC drugs; Rural and urban India; Schedule H1; Self medication	non prescription drug; nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent; adult; Article; attitude to health; community sample; controlled study; cross-sectional study; drug safety; female; government regulation; health behavior; health promotion; human; Indian; major clinical study; male; medical education; medication compliance; pharmacist; pharmacy; population research; prevalence; public health; self medication; urban rural difference; validation process; wellbeing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84916215147	The impact of plant volatiles on bacterial quorum sensing	Ahmad A., Viljoen A.M., Chenia H.Y.	2015	Letters in Applied Microbiology	60	1	10.1111/lam.12343	Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Ahmad, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Viljoen, A.M., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Chenia, H.Y., Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Studies describing the use of essential oil constituents as antimicrobial agents have steadily increased; however, some phyto-constituents are often overlooked due to unfavourable minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Virulence depends on transcriptional factors which are regulated by cell-to-cell communication called quorum sensing (QS). This study was undertaken to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-QS properties of 29 compounds commonly found in essential oils using two bioreporter strains. QS-inhibitory activity was assessed qualitatively by agar diffusion and quantitatively by spectrophotometric assays. MICs of all the tested compounds ranged from 0·032 to &gt;5 mg ml-1. Twenty-two compounds displayed varying levels of QS inhibitory activity with zones of violacein inhibition ranging from 9 to 16 mm. Majority of tested molecules inhibited violacein and pyocyanin production in Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while seven compounds increased violacein and pyocyanin production. Interestingly, it was observed that the (+)-enantiomers of carvone, limonene and borneol increased violacein and pyocyanin production, while their levorotary analogues inhibited this production. α-Terpineol and cis-3-nonen-1-ol exhibited &gt;90% violacein inhibition, suggesting their potential as QS inhibitors. This preliminary study indicates that plant volatiles have the potential to impede or promote bacterial communication and further studies need to be undertaken to explore the contribution of structural analogues and stereochemistry of molecules in this process. Significance and Impact of the Study: Antimicrobial and antiquorum sensing (QS) properties of 29 common essential oil compounds were evaluated. Interruption of QS may lead to the development of therapeutic, antivirulence agents to control disease-causing pathogens which are preferable over antimicrobial agents as the latter drives selection pressure on microbial communities to acquire resistance. Twenty-two compounds inhibited QS, while seven promoted the QS to a variable extent in Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Preliminary results suggest that QS-inhibitory compounds of natural origin may inspire the formulation of new generation of antimicrobial agents to control infectious pathogens. Significance and Impact of the Study: Antimicrobial and antiquorum sensing (QS) properties of 29 common essential oil compounds were evaluated. Interruption of QS may lead to the development of therapeutic, antivirulence agents to control disease-causing pathogens which are preferable over antimicrobial agents as the latter drives selection pressure on microbial communities to acquire resistance. Twenty-two compounds inhibited QS, while seven promoted the QS to a variable extent in Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Preliminary results suggest that QS-inhibitory compounds of natural origin may inspire the formulation of new generation of antimicrobial agents to control infectious pathogens. © 2014 The Society for Applied Microbiology.	Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Chromobacterium violaceum; Monoterpenes; Natural compounds; Pyocyanin; Quorum sensing; Violacein	absinthol; alpha phellandrene; anisaldehyde; beta pinene; bornyl acetate; camphene; carvacrol; carvone; cis 3 nonen 1 ol; citral; essential oil; estragole; farnesol; geraniol; isoeugenol; limonene; linalool; menthone; nerol; nerolidol; pinene; pyocyanine; terpineol; thymol; unclassified drug; volatile agent; antiinfective agent; essential oil; indole derivative; violacein; virulence factor; agar diffusion; antibiotic sensitivity; antimicrobial activity; Article; bacterial growth; bacterium culture; cell growth; Chromobacterium violaceum; controlled study; enantiomer; microbial community; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; qualitative analysis; quantitative analysis; quorum sensing; stereochemistry; biosynthesis; chemistry; Chromobacterium; disk diffusion; drug effects; metabolism; microbial sensitivity test; pathogenicity; physiology; plant; quorum sensing; virulence; Bacteria (microorganisms); Chromobacterium violaceum; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chromobacterium; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; Indoles; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oils, Volatile; Plants; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pyocyanine; Quorum Sensing; Virulence; Virulence Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883482993	Evaluation of the maximized power of a regenerative endoreversible Stirling cycle using the thermodynamic analysis	Ahmadi M.H., Mohammadi A.H., Dehghani S.	2013	Energy Conversion and Management	76	None	10.1016/j.enconman.2013.07.082	Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K.N Toosi University, Tehran, Iran; Institut de Recherche en Génie Chimique et Pétrolier (IRGCP), Paris Cedex, France; Thermodynamics Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa	Ahmadi, M.H., Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K.N Toosi University, Tehran, Iran; Mohammadi, A.H., Institut de Recherche en Génie Chimique et Pétrolier (IRGCP), Paris Cedex, France, Thermodynamics Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South Africa; Dehghani, S., Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K.N Toosi University, Tehran, Iran	In this communication, the optimal power of an endoreversible Stirling cycle with perfect regeneration is investigated. In the endoreversible cycle, external heat transfer processes are irreversible. Optimal temperature of the heat source leading to a maximum power for the cycle is detained. Moreover, effect of design parameters of the Stirling engine on the maximized power of the engine and its corresponding thermal efficiency is studied. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Ideal regenerative; Multi-objective optimization; Power; Stirling engine; Thermal efficiency	Design parameters; Endoreversible cycles; External heat transfer; Ideal regenerative; Optimal temperature; Power; Thermal efficiency; Thermo dynamic analysis; Multiobjective optimization; Stirling engines; Thermoanalysis; Stirling cycle	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902255611	Performance of symptom-based tuberculosis screening among people living with HIV: Not as great as hoped	Ahmad Khan F., Verkuijl S., Parrish A., Chikwava F., Ntumy R., El-Sadr W., Howard A.A.	2014	AIDS	28	10	10.1097/QAD.0000000000000278	ICAP Columbia University, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168 St, New York, NY 10032, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; ICAP-Columbia, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Internal Medicine, Cecilia Makiwane Hospital, East London, South Africa	Ahmad Khan, F., ICAP Columbia University, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168 St, New York, NY 10032, United States, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Verkuijl, S., ICAP-Columbia, Pretoria, South Africa; Parrish, A., Department of Internal Medicine, Cecilia Makiwane Hospital, East London, South Africa; Chikwava, F., ICAP-Columbia, Pretoria, South Africa; Ntumy, R., ICAP-Columbia, Pretoria, South Africa; El-Sadr, W., ICAP Columbia University, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168 St, New York, NY 10032, United States, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Howard, A.A., ICAP Columbia University, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168 St, New York, NY 10032, United States, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States	OBJECTIVE:: The objective of the present study was to determine the diagnostic performance of the symptom-based tuberculosis (TB) screening questionnaire recommended by WHO for people living with HIV (PLWH) in resource-limited settings, among adults off and on antiretroviral therapy (ART). DESIGN:: Cross-sectional study at two HIV clinics in South Africa. METHODS:: A total of 825 PLWH completed the screening questionnaire and underwent investigations [chest radiography (CXR) and microbiologic testing of sputa]. A positive screen was defined as presence of cough, fever, night sweats, or weight loss. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) was defined as sputum smear positive for acid-fast bacilli or growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. RESULTS:: Of 737 participants with at least one diagnostic sputum specimen, PTB was diagnosed in 31 of 522 (5.9%) on ART, and 34 of 215 (15.8%) not on ART. The questionnaire missed 15 of 31 (48.4%) PTB cases on ART, and three of 34 (8.8%) not on ART. Among participants on ART, post-test probability of PTB diagnosis (95% confidence interval) was 6.8% (4.0-10.9%) if screening positive, and 5.2% (2.9-8.4%) if screening negative, whereas among participants not on ART, post-test probabilities were 20.3% (14.2-27.5%) and 4.8% (1.0-13.5%), respectively. Among participants diagnosed with PTB, those on ART were significantly less likely to screen positive (adjusted odds ratio 0.04, 95% confidence interval: 0.01-0.39). In both groups (ART and no ART), screening was more sensitive when CXR was incorporated. CONCLUSION:: For case detection and exclusion of PTB, the WHO-recommended questionnaire performed adequately among PLWH not on ART, and poorly among those on ART. Further research is needed to identify feasible and effective TB screening strategies for PLWH in resource-limited settings. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Antiretroviral therapy; HIV; Resource-limited settings; Screening; Tuberculosis	antiretrovirus agent; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; acid fast bacterium; adult; article; bacterial growth; controlled study; coughing; female; fever; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; lung tuberculosis; major clinical study; male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; night sweat; nonhuman; priority journal; probability; questionnaire; screening; sensitivity and specificity; sputum analysis; sputum smear; symptom; thorax radiography; weight reduction; world health organization; clinical medicine; complication; cross-sectional study; developing country; highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV Infections; mass screening; microbiology; microscopy; middle aged; pathology; procedures; South Africa; tuberculosis; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Clinical Medicine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developing Countries; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Questionnaires; South Africa; Tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960962281	Effect of cropping arrangements and rainfall on the performance of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) in bauchi state, Nigeria	Ahmed B.I., Yusuf S.R., Garba A.A., Mustapha S.	2006	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	18	1	None	School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria	Ahmed, B.I., School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria; Yusuf, S.R., School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria; Garba, A.A., School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria; Mustapha, S., School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria	Field experiments were conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria during the farming seasons of 1997-1999. The objective of the experiments was to establish the effects of cropping arrangements and rainfall on the performance of two varieties of okra plant (Indian long white and short local varieties) in terms of flower and fruit initiation as well as height and yield. Twenty four experimental plots were demarcated and arranged into eight treatment plots. Each treatment was replicated three times and the size of each of the plots was 4.2m x 3.6m. Results of the experiments clearly indicated that when the two varieties were independently grown with cotton, cowpea and groundnut at a ratio of one to one (1:1) per plot, performance of the plant especially in terms of height, flower, fruit initiation and yield was greatly enhanced. It is therefore, recommended that farmers should under rainfall condition practice growing okra particularly the two varieties tested (ILWV & SLV) with other plants such as cotton, cowpea or groundnut in order to increase the growth, development and yield of okra.	Cropping arrangements; Okra; Rainfall and performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894103859	Evaluation of organic mulch on the growth and yield of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in a Southern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria	Ahmed M., Baiyeri K.P., Echezona B.C.	2014	Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences	24	1	None	Department of Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Mokwa, Niger state, Nigeria; Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ahmed, M., Department of Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Mokwa, Niger state, Nigeria; Baiyeri, K.P., Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Echezona, B.C., Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Sustainability in crop production could be achieved using agricultural wastes which litter the environment to ameliorate crop soils. The effect of organic mulches on the growth and yield of two sugar cane varieties (NCS 008 and Bida local) was therefore evaluated during 2010 (plant crop) and 2011 (ratoon crop) at Badeggi (9° 03′N, 06° 09′E; altitude 89 m a.s.l.) Nigeria. Mulch materials (rice husk and groundnut shell) were each applied at the rates of 0, 20 and 40 tonnes ha-1 in a factorial experiment laid out in a randomised complete block design (RCBD), with three replications. The variety NCS 008 produced significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher number of tillers, stalk length, yield and chewable stalks in both the regular and ratoon crops relative to the local. The establishment count of NCS 008 was higher compared to Bida local (73% vs. 38%) in the ratoon and vice versa in the plant crop. Mulching with groundnut shell produced significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher establishment count and stalk lengths compared to rice husk mulch for the ratoon crops, but did not differ appreciably in the main (plant) crop. Irrespective of the cropping system, stalk girth, tiller count, chewable stalks and yield were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher with groundnut shell compared with rice husk mulch. Aside from establishment count, which had an inverse relationship with mulching rate in the plant crop, all the other traits assessed had a direct relationship with mulching rate in the two systems. The interaction effect of variety x organic mulch x organic mulch rate were also significant (p&lt;0.05) for both the plant and ratoon crops on most of the parameter considered.	Agricultural waste; Chewing and industrial cane; Cropping system; Regular and ratoon crops	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052705935	Impact of intestinal parasites on haematological parameters of sickle-cell Anaemia patients in Nigeria [Effet des parasites intestinaux sur les paramètres hématologiques de patients atteints de drépanocytose au nigéria]	Ahmed S.G., Uraka J.	2011	Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal	17	9	None	Department of Haematology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria	Ahmed, S.G., Department of Haematology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria; Uraka, J., Department of Haematology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria	The majority of patients with sickle-cell anaemia live in the underdeveloped nations where endemic parasitic diseases are prevalent and this may exacerbate the severity of steady-state anaemia in infected patients. We studied the impact of intestinal parasites on haematological parameters of sickle-cell anaemia patients aged 18-35 years in Kano, Nigeria. Of 100 patients studied, 27 were found to be infected with intestinal parasites. There were no signifcant differences between patients with and without parasitic infections with respect to leukocyte and platelet counts. However, patients without parasitic infections had a signifcantly higher mean haematocrit than patients with parasitic infections [0.27 L/L (SD 0.03) versus 0.23 (SD 0.03) L/L]. Anaemia in sickle-cell anaemia patients may be exacerbated by intestinal parasites, and these patients should have regular stool examinations for detection and treatment of parasitic infections in order to improve their haematocrit and avoid the risk of blood transfusion.	None	adult; article; controlled study; disease exacerbation; feces analysis; hematocrit; hematological parameters; human; intestine parasite; leukocyte count; major clinical study; Nigeria; parasitosis; sickle cell anemia; thrombocyte count; Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Leukocyte Count; Male; Nigeria; Prevalence; Severity of Illness Index	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941317538	Economic and environmental evaluation of landfill gas utilisation: A multi-period optimisation approach for low carbon regions	Ahmed S.I., Johari A., Hashim H., Lim J.S., Jusoh M., Mat R., Alkali H.	2015	International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation	102	None	10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.04.008	Institute of Hydrogen Economy, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Process System Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Mala	Ahmed, S.I., Institute of Hydrogen Economy, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, Chemical Engineering Dept., Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria; Johari, A., Institute of Hydrogen Economy, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Hashim, H., Process System Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Lim, J.S., Process System Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Jusoh, M., Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Mat, R., Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Alkali, H., Institute of Hydrogen Economy, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia	Landfill gas (LFG) is composed essentially of the most problematic greenhouse gases (GHGs) namely methane (50%) and carbon dioxide (45%). However, due to its methane content, LFG can be utilised as a renewable energy source, but utilising LFG is met with a lot of challenges such as choice for LFG grade (low, medium or high grade), LFG utilisation equipment (gas engines, gas turbines etc.) and product type (electricity, heat etc.). The study estimates LFG capture and develops tool for the utilisation of LFG as a renewable energy resource. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change model outcome shows that an average annual LFG capture of 17,200 tonnes was obtained for Iskandar Malaysia and the optimal results indicate that the LFG is best utilised as a medium grade LFG for combined heat and power generation using steam turbines. The profitability evaluation shows that mean annual profit of US$5.6 million has been achieved with a payback period of 12.3 years and net present value of US$111 million, which is reasonable because the project can be classified as medium to large-scale. Additionally, the study provides insight into the viability of various LFG utilisation technologies and strategies for waste disposal to landfill. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Greenhouse gas; Landfill gas; Malaysia; Renewable energy; Waste	Biogas; Carbon; Carbon dioxide; Climate change; Climate models; Cogeneration plants; Energy resources; Gas turbines; Gases; Greenhouse gases; Heat engines; Investments; Land fill; Methane; Profitability; Steam turbines; Waste disposal; Wastes; Combined heat and power generation; Disposal to landfills; Environmental evaluation; Intergovernmental panel on climate changes; Landfill gas; Malaysia; Renewable energies; Renewable energy source; Renewable energy resources	05H04, MOHE, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Q.J130000.2709.01K08, UTM, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; R.J1300000.7301.4B145, UTM, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899015621	The impact of active site mutations of South African HIV PR on drug resistance: Insight from molecular dynamics simulations, binding free energy and per-residue footprints	Ahmed S.M., Maguire G.E.M., Kruger H.G., Govender T.	2014	Chemical Biology and Drug Design	83	4	10.1111/cbdd.12262	Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; Center of Catalysis and Peptide Synthesis, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa	Ahmed, S.M., Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; Maguire, G.E.M., Center of Catalysis and Peptide Synthesis, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; Kruger, H.G., Center of Catalysis and Peptide Synthesis, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; Govender, T., Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa	Molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations were used to provide an understanding of the impact of active site drug-resistant mutations of the South African HIV protease subtype C (C-SA HIV PR), V82A and V82F/I84V on drug resistance. Unique per-residue interaction energy 'footprints' were developed to map the overall drug-binding profiles for the wild type and mutants. Results confirmed that these mutations altered the overall binding landscape of the amino acid residues not only in the active site region but also in the flaps as well. Four FDA-approved drugs were investigated in this study; these include ritonavir (RTV), saquinavir (SQV), indinavir (IDV), and nelfinavir (NFV). Computational results compared against experimental findings were found to be complementary. Against the V82F/I84V variant, saquinavir, indinavir, and nelfinavir lose remarkable entropic contributions relative to both wild-type and V82A C-SA HIV PRs. The per-residue energy 'footprints' and the analysis of ligand-receptor interactions for the drug complexes with the wild type and mutants have also highlighted the nature of drug interactions. The data presented in this study will prove useful in the design of more potent inhibitors effective against drug-resistant HIV strains. Molecular dynamics and binding free energy calculations showed that the binding affinity of inhibitors for the V82F/I84V double mutant is impaired significantly compared with wild type and V82A mutant. It was found that localized mutations can disturb the binding affinity of the inhibitors toward the nearby, and some cases distant, residues. Entropic loss was found to play a role in binding affinity with some inhibitors more than the others. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S.	binding free energy calculations; HIV protease subtype C; molecular dynamics	amino acid; Human immunodeficiency virus proteinase; indinavir; ligand; mutant protein; nelfinavir; receptor; ritonavir; saquinavir; unclassified drug; v82a enzyme; v82f i84v enzyme; Human immunodeficiency virus proteinase; Human immunodeficiency virus proteinase inhibitor; antiviral resistance; article; binding affinity; drug protein binding; entropy; enzyme active site; ligand binding; molecular dynamics; multidrug resistance; mutational analysis; priority journal; protein footprinting; protein protein interaction; receptor binding; wild type; Africa; antiviral resistance; chemical structure; chemistry; drug effects; genetics; metabolism; mutation; thermodynamics; Africa; Catalytic Domain; Drug Resistance, Viral; HIV Protease; HIV Protease Inhibitors; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Molecular Structure; Mutation; Thermodynamics	None
WoS	WOS:000291851000001	Two-year evaluation of Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Children (IPTc) combined with timely home treatment for malaria control in Ghana	Ahorlu, Collins K.,Koram, Kwadwo A.,Seake-Kwawu, Atsu,Weiss, Mitchell G.	2011	MALARIA JOURNAL	10	None	10.1186/1475-2875-10-127	Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Basel, University of Ghana, Keta Dist Hlth Management Team, Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute	"Ahorlu, Collins K.: Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research","Ahorlu, Collins K.: University of Ghana","Koram, Kwadwo A.: Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research","Koram, Kwadwo A.: University of Ghana","Weiss, Mitchell G.: University of Basel",	Background: Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) has recently been accepted as an important component of the malaria control strategy. Intermittent preventive treatment for children (IPTc) combined with timely treatment of malaria related febrile illness at home to reduce parasite prevalence and malaria morbidity in children aged between six and 60 months in a coastal community in Ghana. This paper reports persistence of reduced parasitaemia two years into the intervention. The baseline and year-one-evaluation findings were published earlier. Objective: The main objective in the second year was to demonstrate whether the two interventions would further reduce parasite prevalence and malaria-related febrile illness in the study population. Methods: This was an intervention study designed to compare baseline and evaluation findings without a control group. The study combined home-based delivery of intermittent preventive treatment for children (IPTc) aged 6 - 60 months and home treatment of suspected febrile malaria-related illness within 24 hours. All children aged 6 - 60 months received home-based delivery of intermittent preventive treatment using amodiaquine + artesunate, delivered at home by community assistants every four months (6 times in 24 months). Malaria parasite prevalence surveys were conducted before the first and after the third and sixth IPTc to the children. The evaluation surveys were done four months after the third and sixth IPTc was given. Results: Parasite prevalence which reduced from 25% to 3.0% at year-one evaluation had reduced further from 3% to 1% at year-two-evaluation. At baseline, 13.8% of the children were febrile (axilary temperature of &gt;= 37.5 degrees C) compared to 2.2% at year-one-evaluation while 2.1% were febrile at year-two-evaluation. Conclusion: The year-two-evaluation result indicates that IPTc given three times in a year (every four months) combined with timely treatment of febrile malaria illness, is effective to reduce malaria parasite prevalence in children aged 6 to 60 months in the study community. This must give hope to malaria control programme managers in sub-Saharan Africa where the burden of the disease is most debilitating.	,AFRICA,ANEMIA,DELIVERY,INFANTS,"PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL",RANDOMIZED-TRIAL,"ROUTINE VACCINATIONS","SOUTHERN GHANA",SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE,TRANSMISSION	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69149109921	The impact of remittances on economic growth in small-open developing economies	Ahortor C.R.K., Adenutsi D.E.	2009	Journal of Applied Sciences	9	18	10.3923/jas.2009.3275.3286	Glisten Strategic Solutions, P.O. Box MB 658, Accra, Ghana; Department of Economics, Central University College, Accra, Ghana	Ahortor, C.R.K., Glisten Strategic Solutions, P.O. Box MB 658, Accra, Ghana; Adenutsi, D.E., Department of Economics, Central University College, Accra, Ghana	The essence of this study is to verify the macroeconomic implications of cross-border remittances for economic growth prospects of small-open developing economies for the period, 1996-2006. A set of dynamic panel models specified within the framework of Blundell-Bond Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) was empirically analyzed. Using annual panel data from 31 small-open developing countries from Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, this study argues that, contemporaneously, remittances contribute significantly to growth in small-open developing economies. Remittances, however, contribute more to long-run economic growth in Latin America and the Caribbean than to Sub-Saharan Africa. In dynamic terms, remittances retard growth, but with overall positive long-run growth impact across these developing economies. The methodology is very important to apply in another field. © 2009 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Economic growth; Latin America and Caribbean; Panel data; Remittances; Sub-Saharan Africa	Economic growths; Latin America; Panel data; Remittances; Sub-saharan africa; Developing countries; Economics	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950356774	Evaluation of a 5-year programme to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection in Northern Uganda	Ahoua L., Ayikoru H., Gnauck K., Odaru G., Odar E., Ondoa-Onama C., Pinoges L., Balkan S., Olson D., Pujades-Rodríguez M.	2010	Journal of Tropical Pediatrics	56	1	10.1093/tropej/fmp054	Epicentre, Paris, France; Médecins Sans Frontières, Kampala, Uganda; Arua Regional District Hospital, Ministry of Health, Arua, Uganda; Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France	Ahoua, L., Epicentre, Paris, France; Ayikoru, H., Epicentre, Paris, France, Médecins Sans Frontières, Kampala, Uganda; Gnauck, K., Médecins Sans Frontières, Kampala, Uganda; Odaru, G., Arua Regional District Hospital, Ministry of Health, Arua, Uganda; Odar, E., Arua Regional District Hospital, Ministry of Health, Arua, Uganda; Ondoa-Onama, C., Arua Regional District Hospital, Ministry of Health, Arua, Uganda; Pinoges, L., Epicentre, Paris, France; Balkan, S., Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France; Olson, D., Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France; Pujades-Rodríguez, M., Epicentre, Paris, France	Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) is essential in HIV/AIDS control. We analysed 2000-05 data from mother-infant pairs in our PMTCT programme in rural Uganda, examining programme utilization and outcomes, HIV transmission rates and predictors of death or loss to followup (LFU). Out of 19 017 women, 1 037 (5.5%) attending antenatal care services tested HIV positive. Of these, 517 (50%) enrolled in the PMTCT programme and gave birth to 567 infants. Before tracing, 303 (53%) mother-infant pairs were LFU. Reasons for dropout were infant death and lack of understanding of importance of follow-up. Risk of death or LFU was higher among infants with no or incomplete intrapartum prophylaxis (OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.07-3.36) and of weaning age <6 months (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.42-4.58), and lower in infants with diagnosed acute illness (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.16-0.55). Mother-to-child HIV cumulative transmission rate was 8.3%, and 15.5% when HIV-related deaths were considered. Improved tracking of HIV-exposed infants is needed in PMTCT programmes where access to early infant diagnosis is still limited. © The Author [2009]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.	None	nevirapine; zidovudine; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; acute disease; adult; article; birth; child death; death; early diagnosis; female; follow up; health program; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infant; intrapartum care; major clinical study; male; outcome assessment; prediction; prenatal care; prophylaxis; rural area; Uganda; vertical transmission; weaning; counseling; disease transmission; evaluation; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Kaplan Meier method; middle aged; mother; postnatal care; pregnancy; pregnancy complication; retrospective study; rural population; statistics; treatment outcome; Uganda; utilization review; vertical transmission; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Counseling; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Kaplan-Meiers Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Mothers; Postnatal Care; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Prenatal Care; Retrospective Studies; Rural Population; Treatment Outcome; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349267289	Performance of Toggenburg dairy goats in smallholder production systems of the eastern highlands of Kenya	Ahuya C.O., Ojango J.M.K., Mosi R.O., Peacock C.P., Okeyo A.M.	2009	Small Ruminant Research	83	03-Jan	10.1016/j.smallrumres.2008.11.012	FARM-Africa, Kenya Country Office, P.O. Box 49502, Nairobi, Kenya; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya; University of Nairobi, Department of Animal Production, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya; Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, Box 536, 20107 Njoro, Kenya	Ahuya, C.O., FARM-Africa, Kenya Country Office, P.O. Box 49502, Nairobi, Kenya; Ojango, J.M.K., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya, Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, Box 536, 20107 Njoro, Kenya; Mosi, R.O., University of Nairobi, Department of Animal Production, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya; Peacock, C.P., FARM-Africa, Kenya Country Office, P.O. Box 49502, Nairobi, Kenya; Okeyo, A.M., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya	The use of exotic dairy goats in breeding programmes for smallholder production systems is popular in Eastern Africa. However, information on the performance of exotic breeds within these systems is scarce. This paper presents information on performance of Toggenburg dairy goats under smallholder production systems in a medium to high agricultural potential environment in Kenya under a community-based set-up as part of the characterization of its adaptive and productive attributes. Environmental factors affecting growth of 646 goats born in the environment, and fertility and milk production of 160 does from 1997 to 2005 were evaluated. Genetic parameters were also estimated for early growth traits. The average birth weight (BW) for 607 kids was 3.27 kg. Corrected weaning weights (CW), and average daily gain to weaning (ADG) for 646 kids were 19.12 kg and 136 g/day, respectively. The results indicated that the smallholder farmers were able to maintain comparably high levels of milk production in the first three parities (LMY), with yields of 475 ± 9 l in 201 days for 160 does in the first parity, 507 ± 9 l in 264 days from 130 does in the second parity and 513 ± 13 l in 296 days for 82 does in the third parity. Kidding intervals though initially long decreased with time to reasonable levels (302 ± 117 days). The heritability estimates obtained were low (0.23 ± 0.13 for BW, 0.18 ± 0.11 for CW and 0.14 ± 0.11 for ADG). Genetic correlations between the traits were also low. Genetic and phenotypic trends indicated little change in BW, CW and LMY over the years. The phenotypic trend in the kidding interval showed a reducing interval over time. The results demonstrated that the Toggenburg goats were able to perform and thrive reasonably well under the low-input farming conditions. © 2009.	Genetic parameters; Goat milk; Smallholder farming; Toggenburg	Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884476512	Evaluation of facilitative supervision visits in primary health care service delivery in Northern Ghana	Aikins M., Laar A., Nonvignon J., Sackey S., Ikeda T., Woode G., Nang-Beifubah A., Nyonator F.	2013	BMC Health Services Research	13	1	10.1186/1472-6963-13-358	School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Japanese International Cooperation Agency, Ghana Office, Accra, Ghana; Regional Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Upper West Region, Accra, Wa, Ghana; Policy Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana	Aikins, M., School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Laar, A., School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Nonvignon, J., School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Sackey, S., School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Ikeda, T., Japanese International Cooperation Agency, Ghana Office, Accra, Ghana; Woode, G., Japanese International Cooperation Agency, Ghana Office, Accra, Ghana; Nang-Beifubah, A., Regional Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Upper West Region, Accra, Wa, Ghana; Nyonator, F., Policy Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana	Background: In Ghana's health delivery services, facilitative supervisory visit (FSV) as a system of management is new. This paper presents the standard evaluation results of FSV, which formed an integral part of the community-based health planning services (CHPS) initiative. Methods. The study was conducted in the Upper West Region of Ghana. The Project developed guidelines and tools for FSV for four different health system levels - regional, district, sub-district and community levels. Electronic data from all four levels representing quarterly results were compiled into their annual equivalents, and summarized graphically for comparison. Results: The data show that all the nine districts embraced the FSV concept even though they differed markedly with regard to the degree of adherence to some set benchmarks. Three DHMTs (Wa Municipal, Lawra and Jirapa) were graded as good while the remaining six DHMTs were adjudged as fair in relation to management of supplies, transport and equipment, information, meeting, and technical support. Conclusions: The data further suggest that there is much to gain both individually and institutionally from FSVs. Generally, FSVs are crucial to the delivery of primary health care services in especially rural areas. © 2013 Aikins et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Facilitative supervision visit; Ghana; Primary health care; Service delivery	article; community care; evaluation study; Ghana; health care delivery; health care planning; human; methodology; organization and management; primary health care; standard; Community Health Services; Delivery of Health Care; Ghana; Humans; Primary Health Care; Regional Medical Programs	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646825236	Laboratory evaluation of pyriproxifen treated bednets on mosquito fertility and fecundity. A preliminary study	Aiku A.O., Yates A., Rowland M.	2006	West African Journal of Medicine	25	1	None	Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	Aiku, A.O., Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Yates, A., Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Rowland, M., Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	Aim: The study evaluated the effect of pyriproxifen treated bednets on mosquito fertility and fecundity in the laboratory. Pyriproxyfen (insect growth regulator) has been considered as a possible tool for management of pyrethroid resistance in mosquitoes. There are documentations of the effectiveness of pyriproxifen in controlling larval development when applied directly to breeding site. Considerations have been given to the use of pyriproxyfen on bed nets for sterilizing effect on mosquitoes resistant to pyrethroids. Method: Groups of mosquitoes (Anopheles stephensi - Beech) were exposed to bednet treated with 2% Pyriproxyfen and untreated netting 24 hrs after blood feeding. After oviposition, egg counts were done for each mosquito in the two groups. Larvae emerging from the laid eggs by each mosquito were counted. Three sets of experiments were successful. Results: There was no significant difference in number of eggs laid between the two treatment groups (p=0.177). There was statistically significant difference in the number of laid eggs that hatched between the treatment types (p=0.0061). There was also statistically significant difference in the mean number of eggs that hatched between the experiments (p=0.0013). The mean number of eggs retained in the pyriproxyfen group was higher (70.3) than in the control group (41.6). This difference was not statistically significant with the small sample tested (p=0.08). Conclusion: The results suggest that 2% pyriproxyfen on bed nets has no effect on An. stephensi fecundity. Reduced fertility of eggs laid by mosquitoes exposed to pyriproxyfen treated bed nets was observed.	Fecundity; Fertility; Mosquito; Pyriproxifen	chemosterilant; pyrethroid; pyriproxyfen; Anopheles stephensi; article; bed net; breeding; clinical effectiveness; controlled study; egg laying; female; female fertility; growth regulation; hatching; insect resistance; larval development; malaria control; mosquito; nonhuman; statistical analysis; statistical significance; survival; Animals; Bedding and Linens; Culicidae; Female; Fertility; Insecticides; Oviparity; Pest Control, Biological; Protective Clothing; Pyridines; Reference Values	None
WoS	WOS:000297792500010	ODL and the Impact of Digital Divide on Information Access in Botswana	Aina, Lenrie,Oladokun, Olugbade	2011	INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING	12	6	None	University of Botswana, University of Ilorin	"Aina, Lenrie: University of Ilorin","Oladokun, Olugbade: University of Botswana"	Open and distance learning (ODL) has created room for the emergence of virtual education. Not only are students found everywhere and anywhere undertaking their studies and earning their degrees, but geographical boundaries between nations no longer appear to have much relevance. As the new education paradigm irretrievably alters the way teaching and learning is conducted, the application of modern educational ICTs has a major role to play. With students of transnational or cross-border education dispersed into various nooks and crannies of Botswana, many others enlist for the "home-baked" distance learning programmes from their diverse locations. Like the face-to-face conventional students, distance learners also have information needs which have to be met. But blocking the distance learners' realization of their information needs is the digital divide, which further marginalizes the underclass of "info-poor." The survey method was used, and a questionnaire administered to 519 students of four tertiary level distance teaching institutions that met the criteria set for the study yielded a 70.1% response rate. The results showed that while the Government of Botswana has made considerable effort to ensure country-wide access to ICT, which now constitutes an effective instrument for meeting information needs, a number of problems still exist. The factors impeding easy access are unearthed. The findings of an empirical study portraying some learners as information-rich and others as information-poor, and the consequence of distance learners studying on both sides of the digital divide, are discussed. Suggestions on bridging the digital divide are discussed. Suggestions on bridging the digital divide are offered.	"cross-border students","data service providers (DSP)","digital divide","distance learners",ICTS,"Information Environment","information literacy skills (ILS)","Internet service providers (ISP)",library/librarian,ONLINE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874634560	Pyrazolylimine iron and cobalt, and pyrazolylamine nickel complexes: Synthesis and evaluation of nickel complexes as ethylene oligomerization catalysts	Ainooson M.K., Guzei I.A., Spencer L.C., Darkwa J.	2013	Polyhedron	53	None	10.1016/j.poly.2013.01.018	Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States	Ainooson, M.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Guzei, I.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Spencer, L.C., Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Darkwa, J., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	A series of tridentate (O^N^N) and bidentate (N^N) iron, cobalt and nickel complexes were prepared from {2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-[(2-(3,5-RR-pyrazol-1-yl- ethylimino)methyl]-phenol}, R = H (L1), Me (L2), Ph (L3), [(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2- ethoxy-benzylidene)-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-ethyl]amine (L4), and (4-(4-tert-butyl-benzylidene)-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl]-imine) (L5). Ligands L1-L5 were reacted with MX2 (M = Fe, Co, Ni; X = Cl, Br) to form three types of complexes. Whereas tridentate O∧N∧N bound complexes were formed with Fe(II) and Co(II) salts (1-6), reactions involving Ni(II) salts resulted in hydrolysis of the Schiff base ligands used to form a novel tetranuclear cubane-like cluster [Ni4(3,5-Me2pza) 4Cl8] (7) (pza = (3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1yl)ethylamine) and mononuclear [Ni(3,5-R2pza)Br2] (R = H (8); R = Me (9) complexes. Molecular structures of five complexes (1, 5-7 and 9), determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, confirmed that ligand hydrolysis occurred in the nickel reactions. All three nickel complexes showed good to excellent activity towards ethylene oligomerization with activities up to 10 726 kg (mol Ni h)-1. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Catalysts; Cobalt; Complexes; Ethylene oligomerization; Imine hydrolysis; Iron; Nickel	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953660726	Pyrazolyl iron, cobalt, nickel, and palladium complexes: Synthesis, molecular structures, and evaluation as ethylene oligomerization catalysts	Ainooson M.K., Ojwach S.O., Guzei I.A., Spencer L.C., Darkwa J.	2011	Journal of Organometallic Chemistry	696	8	10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.12.029	Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, Private Bag, Maseno 40105, Kenya	Ainooson, M.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; Ojwach, S.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa, Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, Private Bag, Maseno 40105, Kenya; Guzei, I.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Spencer, L.C., Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Darkwa, J., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	Reactions of [2-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-ethanol] (L1) and [1-(2-chloro-ethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole] (L2) with Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Pd(II) salts gave the complexes [(L1)2FeCl2] (1), [(L1)2CoCl2] (2), [(L1)2NiBr2] (3), [(L1)2Pd(Me)Cl] (5), [(L2)2CoCl2] (6), and [(L2)2NiBr2] (7). Whereas L2 behaves as a monodentate ligand, L1 can behave as either a monodentate or bidentate ligand depending on the nature of the metal centre. For palladium, L1 is monodentate in the solid state structure of 5 but bidentate in the structure of 4, obtained during attempts to crystallize 3. While the activation of iron, cobalt and palladium complexes with EtAlCl2 did not produce active ethylene oligomerization catalysts, the nickel complexes 3 and 7 produced active ethylene oligomerization catalysts. Activities as high as 4329 kg/mol Ni h were obtained. Catalyst 3 produced mainly butenes (57%) and hexenes (43%); of which a combined 20% were converted to Friedel-Crafts alkylated-toluene. Catalyst 7, on other hand, produced mainly butenes (90%) and small amounts of hexenes (10%) which were then completely converted to the corresponding Friedel-Crafts alkylated-toluene products. This difference in product distribution in catalysis performed by complexes 3 and 7 is indicative of the role of the OH functionality in L1 on the EtAlCl2 co-catalysts. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Catalysts; Ethylene oligomerization; Friedel-Crafts alklylation; Metal complexes; Pyrazolyl ligands	1H-pyrazole; Active ethylene; Bidentate ligands; Co catalysts; Ethylene oligomerization; Ethylene oligomerizations; Friedel-Crafts; Hexenes; Metal centres; Monodentate ligands; Monodentates; Nickel complex; Palladium complexes; Product distributions; Pyrazolyl; Solid-state structures; Butenes; Catalyst activity; Cobalt; Cobalt compounds; Ethanol; Ethylene; Iron compounds; Ligands; Metal complexes; Oligomerization; Oligomers; Palladium; Toluene; Palladium compounds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24644484850	Evaluation of haemostatic function in Nigerian Norplant® acceptors after 12 months of use	Aisien A.O., Enosolease M.E., Shobowale M.O.	2005	Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology	25	4	10.1080/01443610500129266	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria; Department of Haematology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria; EngenderHealth, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Obstetrics and Gynae	Aisien, A.O., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, P.M.B 1111, Benin-City, Nigeria; Enosolease, M.E., Department of Haematology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria; Shobowale, M.O., EngenderHealth, Lagos, Nigeria	A total of 55 non-breastfeeding informed volunteers were recruited into a prospective longitudinal study from a family planning clinic between September and December 2002. Blood samples were collected at pre-treatment and at 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up, for packed cell volume, platelet count, prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time. Statistical analysis was with paired t-tests. The level of significance was set at 5%. Each subject received a menstrual calendar to chart all bleeding and spotting events. The mean age and weight of acceptors were 32.5 ± 6.1 years and 63.6 ± 9.6 kg, respectively. Mean packed cell volume (PCV) was 35.2 ± 2.9% at pre-insertion. This rose to significant mean ± SD values of 36.5 ± 3.1% p&lt;0.05, 38.5 ± 2.8%; p&lt;0.0001 and 38.4 ± 3.6%; p&lt;0.0001 at 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively when compared with the pre-insertion mean value. The mean values of the platelet count showed no significant change at 3 months (238,448 ± 68,618 mm3; p&gt;0.9), compared with pre-treatment value (240,545 ± 96,769 mm 3). There was a significant reduction in mean concentration at 6 months (p&lt;0.009; 191,364 ± 55,531 mm3) and at 12 months (p&lt;0.003; 202,773 ± 81,544 mm3) follow-up. The prothrombin and the partial thromboplastin time did not show significant change over their pre-insertion mean values of 12.0 ± 1.1 s and 36.9 ± 2.9 s, respectively. At 12 months, 79.5% (35) of the users reported an abnormal menstrual pattern, which included 54.5% (24) reduced bleeding pattern, 20.5% (9) increased bleeding and 4.5% (2) of combination of patterns. Only 20.5% (9) had a normal menstrual pattern. The continuation rate was 98%, as one user discontinued because of headaches. Norplant® (the registered trademark of the Population Council for levonorgestrel subdermal implants) had an effect on the bleeding pattern - mainly reduced bleeding. The increase packed cell volume is beneficial in preventing anaemia. There was no detrimental effect as a result of the reduced but normal platelet count and users were not predisposed to clotting abnormalities. © 2005 Taylor &amp; Francis Group Ltd.	None	levonorgestrel; contraceptive agent; adult; anemia; article; blood sampling; body weight; breast feeding; clinical trial; drug induced headache; family planning; female; follow up; health center; hematocrit; hemostasis; hormonal contraception; human; human cell; longitudinal study; menstrual cycle; menstrual irregularity; menstruation; normal human; partial thromboplastin time; priority journal; prospective study; prothrombin time; spotting; statistical analysis; Student t test; thrombocyte count; volunteer; drug effect; mean corpuscular volume; menstruation disorder; Adult; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Erythrocyte Indices; Female; Hemostasis; Humans; Levonorgestrel; Longitudinal Studies; Menstruation Disturbances; Partial Thromboplastin Time; Platelet Count; Prospective Studies; Prothrombin Time	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929932856	Particle boards produced from cassava stalks: Evaluation of physical and mechanical properties	Aisien F.A., Amenaghawon A.N., Bienose K.C.	2015	South African Journal of Science	111	06-May	10.17159/sajs.2015/20140042	Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Ugbowo, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	Aisien, F.A., Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Ugbowo, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Amenaghawon, A.N., Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Ugbowo, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Bienose, K.C., Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Ugbowo, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	We investigated the potential use of cassava stalks for the production of bonded particle boards. Particle boards were produced from cassava stalks using urea-formaldehyde as a binder. Water absorption and thickness swelling tests were carried out to determine dimensional stability of the boards while modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity tests were carried out to assess the mechanical strength of the boards. Particle boards produced using an adhesive-cassava stalk ratio of 3:1 gave the best results in terms of the lowest mean values of water absorption (20%) and thickness swelling (6.26%), as well as the highest values of modulus of rupture (4×106 N/m2) and modulus of elasticity (2366.74×106 N/m2). The particle boards produced met the ANSI/A208.1-1999 standard for general-purpose boards. The results of analyses of variance carried out revealed that the adhesive-cassava stalk ratio had a marked influence (p<0.05) on the physical properties (water absorption and thickness swelling) but not on the mechanical properties (modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity). © 2015. The Author(s).	Cassava stalks; Dimensional stability; Particle board; Thickness swelling; Urea-formaldehyde	absorption; cassava; mechanical property; physical property; swelling; variance analysis; wood; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861911931	Development and evaluation of an assay for HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase drug resistance genotyping of all major group-M subtypes	Aitken S.C., Kliphuis A., Wallis C.L., Chu M.L., Fillekes Q., Barth R., Stevens W., Rinke de Wit T.F., Schuurman R.	2012	Journal of Clinical Virology	54	1	10.1016/j.jcv.2012.01.010	Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa; PharmAccess International, Pietersbergweg 17, 1105BM Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, Netherlands; National Health Laboratory Services, 1 Modderfontein Road, Johannesburg, South Africa; Global Health Department, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands	Aitken, S.C., Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, Netherlands, Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa; Kliphuis, A., Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, Netherlands, PharmAccess International, Pietersbergweg 17, 1105BM Amsterdam, Netherlands; Wallis, C.L., Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa; Chu, M.L., Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, Netherlands; Fillekes, Q., Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525GA Nijmegen, Netherlands, Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; Barth, R., Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, Netherlands; Stevens, W., Department of Molecular Medicine and Hematology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Services, 1 Modderfontein Road, Johannesburg, South Africa; Rinke de Wit, T.F., PharmAccess International, Pietersbergweg 17, 1105BM Amsterdam, Netherlands, Global Health Department, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands; Schuurman, R., Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, Netherlands	Background: High cost and varying sensitivity for non-B HIV-1 subtypes limits application of current commercial kits for HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping of all major HIV-1 group-M subtypes. Objectives: Our research aimed to develop and validate an assay specific for all major HIV-1 group-M subtypes for use as an alternative to commercial assays for HIV-1 protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) drug resistance genotyping. Study design: A nested RT-PCR encompassing the entire PR and RT up to amino acid 321 of HIV-1 was designed to detect HIV-1 group-M subtypes. Primers compatible with group-M subtypes were defined and analytical sensitivity of the assay evaluated using a panel of reference viruses for subtypes A-H and CRF01_AE. The assay was subsequently evaluated on 246 plasma samples from HIV-1 infected individuals harboring various group-M subtypes and viral loads (VLs). Results: All major group-M HIV-1 subtypes were detected with an overall analytical sensitivity of 1.00E+03 RNA copies/ml. Application of the genotyping assay on 246 primarily African clinical samples comprising subtypes A (n= 52; 21.7%), B (n= 12; 5.0%), C (n= 127; 52.9%), D (n= 25; 10.4%), CRF01_AE (n= 10; 4.2%), and CRF02_AG (n= 10; 4.2%), and unassigned variants (n= 10; 4.2%), VL range 4.32E+02-8.63E+06 (median 2.66E+04) RNA copies/ml, was ∼98% successful. Conclusions: A group-M subtype-independent genotyping assay for detection of HIV-1 drug resistance was developed. The described assay can serve as an alternative to commercial assays for HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping in routine diagnostics, and for surveillance and monitoring of drug resistance in resource-limited settings (RLS). © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Drug resistance; Genotyping; Group-m subtypes; HIV-1	amino acid; efavirenz; Human immunodeficiency virus proteinase; lamivudine; lopinavir plus ritonavir; nevirapine; RNA; RNA directed DNA polymerase; stavudine; zidovudine; adult; article; child; controlled study; enzyme assay; female; genotype; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; major clinical study; male; nonhuman; priority journal; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; single drug dose; validation process; virus detection; virus load; Adolescent; Adult; Africa; Child; Child, Preschool; DNA Primers; Drug Resistance, Viral; Female; HIV Infections; HIV Protease; HIV Reverse Transcriptase; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878516947	Development and evaluation of an affordable real-time qualitative assay for determining HIV-1 virological failure in plasma and dried blood spots	Aitken S.C., Kliphuis A., Bronze M., Wallis C.L., Kityo C., Balinda S., Stevens W., Spieker N., De Oliveira T., Rinke De Wit T.F., Schuurman R.	2013	Journal of Clinical Microbiology	51	6	10.1128/JCM.03305-12	University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, Netherlands; PharmAccess International, Amsterdam, Netherlands; University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Lancet Laboratories, Johannesburg, South Africa; Joint Clinical Research Center (JCRC), Kampala, Uganda; National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa; Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands	Aitken, S.C., University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, Netherlands; Kliphuis, A., PharmAccess International, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Bronze, M., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wallis, C.L., Lancet Laboratories, Johannesburg, South Africa; Kityo, C., Joint Clinical Research Center (JCRC), Kampala, Uganda; Balinda, S., Joint Clinical Research Center (JCRC), Kampala, Uganda; Stevens, W., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa; Spieker, N., PharmAccess International, Amsterdam, Netherlands; De Oliveira, T., Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa; Rinke De Wit, T.F., PharmAccess International, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands; Schuurman, R., University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, Netherlands	Virological failure (VF) has been identified as the earliest, most predictive determinant of HIV-1 antiretroviral treatment (ART) failure. Due to the high cost and complexity of virological monitoring, VF assays are rarely performed in resource-limited settings (RLS). Rather, ART failure is determined by clinical monitoring and to a large extent immunological monitoring. This paper describes the development and evaluation of a low-cost, dried blood spot (DBS)-compatible qualitative assay to determine VF, in accordance with current WHO guideline recommendations for therapy switching in RLS. The assay described here is an internally controlled qualitative real-time PCR targeting the conserved long terminal repeat domain of HIV-1. This assay was applied to HIV-1 subtypes A to H and further evaluated on HIV-1 clinical plasma samples from South Africa (n = 191) and Tanzania (n = 42). Field evaluation was performed in Uganda using local clinical plasma samples (n = 176). Furthermore, assay performance was evaluated for DBS. This assay is able to identify VF for all major HIV-1 group M subtypes with equal specificity and has a lower detection limit of 1.00E+03 copies/ml for plasma samples and 5.00E+03 copies/ml for DBS. Comparative testing yielded accurate VF determination for therapy switching in 89% to 96% of samples compared to gold standards. The assay is robust and flexible, allowing for "open platform" applications and producing results comparable to those of commercial assays. Assay design enables application in laboratories that can accommodate real-time PCR equipment, allowing decentralization of testing to some extent. Compatibility with DBS extends access of sampling and thus access to this test to remote settings. Copyright © 2013, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	article; controlled study; dried blood spot testing; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; intermethod comparison; limit of detection; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; outcome assessment; priority journal; qualitative analysis; real time polymerase chain reaction; reproducibility; sensitivity and specificity; South Africa; Tanzania; Uganda; validation process; virus inhibition; virus load; virus strain; Blood; Desiccation; Drug Monitoring; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity; South Africa; Specimen Handling; Tanzania; Uganda; Viral Load; Human immunodeficiency virus 1	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887893283	Impact of propagation delay on the performance of satellite LTE networks	Aiyetoro G., Giambene G., Takawira F.	2014	Advanced Science Letters	20	2	10.1166/asl.2014.5351	Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; Department of Information Engineering, University of Siena, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy; School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Aiyetoro, G., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; Giambene, G., Department of Information Engineering, University of Siena, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy; Takawira, F., School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	This paper investigates the impact of the Round Trip Propagation Delay (RTPD) in the satellite LTE air interface with the adoption of MIMO technology. The Satellite LTE air interface will provide global coverage and hence complement its terrestrial counterpart in the provision of LTE services to mobile users. A land mobile dualpolarized GEO satellite system has been considered for this work. The link adaption is an important module for the scheduling scheme and the satellite LTE network as a whole in order to make optimal scheduling decisions and effectively utilize the network resources respectively. However, the long RTPD experienced when Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) is reported from the User Equipment (UE) to the eNodeB via GEO satellite causes misalignment between the reported CQI at the eNodeB and the present CQI of the mobile user. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of the misalignment as a result of long RTPD on the system performance of Satellite LTE network. © 2014 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.	GEO satellite; Link adaptation; LTE; RTPD	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350587313	Performance of six-phase induction motor with trapezia phase current waveforms	Ai Y., Wang Y., Marrten K.	2009	Diangong Jishu Xuebao/Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society	24	9	None	Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Ai, Y., Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; Wang, Y., Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; Marrten, K., University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	To realize the function that the field and torque can be controlled directly, a novel direct field and direct torque control strategy used in six-phase induction motor with special phase current waveform is proposed and evaluated. Firstly, the electromagnetic torque is calculated by theoretical and finite element analysis. Secondly, the analytical results are verified by practical experiment. The dominant merit of the proposed control strategy is that the flux and torque of the induction motor are directly controlled as compared to vector control that uses Park transformation theory. Another merit is that with stator winding layout, a nearly square, smooth rotating flux density in the air gap is generated by using the resultant field currents and the electromagnetic torque can be improved greatly.	Electromagnetic torque; Finite element analysis; Phase current waveform; Six-phase motor	Air-gaps; Analytical results; Control strategies; Direct Torque Control; Electromagnetic torque; Electromagnetic torques; Field currents; Finite element analysis; Park transformation; Phase current waveform; Phase currents; Rotating flux; Six-phase; Six-phase motor; Stator winding; Vector controls; Electric windings; Electromagnetism; Induction motors; Motors; Torque; Torque control; Finite element method	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857240378	Numerical evaluation of 3D geoelectrical resistivity imaging for environmental and engineering investigations using orthogonal 2D profiles	Aizebeokhai A.P., Olayinka A.I., Singh V.S.	2009	SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts	28	1	None	Department of Physics, Covenant University, Nigeria; Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; National Geophysical Research Institute, India	Aizebeokhai, A.P., Department of Physics, Covenant University, Nigeria; Olayinka, A.I., Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Singh, V.S., National Geophysical Research Institute, India	Summary: Field design for 3D data acquisition in geoelectrical resistivity imaging using a net of orthogonal sets of 2D profiles was numerically investigated. A series of 2D apparent resistivity pseudosections were generated over a synthetic horst structure representing the geological environment of a crystalline basement in low latitude areas using RES2DMOD code. Different minimum electrode separations and inter-line spacing were used with a view of determining the optimum inter-line spacing relative to the minimum electrode separation. The 2D apparent resistivity data were collated to 3D data set and then inverted using RES3DINV, a full 3D inversion code. The relative effectiveness and imaging capabilities of Wenner-alpha (WA), Wenner-beta (WB), Wenner-Schlumberger (WSC), dipole-dipole (DDP), pole-dipole (PDP), and pole-pole (PP) arrays to image the structure using a net of orthogonal set of 2D profiles are presented. The normalized average sensitivity of the inversion results show that WSC, DDP, and PDP arrays are more sensitive to the 3D structure investigated. Interline spacing of not greater than four times the minimum electrode separation gives reasonable resolution.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883776379	Field evaluation of 3D geo-electrical resistivity imaging for environmental and engineering studies using parallel 2D profiles	Aizebeokhai A.P., Singh V.S.	2013	Current Science	105	4	None	Department of Physics, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, India	Aizebeokhai, A.P., Department of Physics, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; Singh, V.S., CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, India	Eight parallel two-dimensional (2D) geo-electrical resistivity profiles were generated in hard-rock (Pulivendla) area of Andhra Pradesh, India using a Lund imaging multi-electrode system adopting Wen-ner array. The aim of the survey was to experiment-tally evaluate the effectiveness of using parallel 2D profiles for three-dimensional (3D) geo-electrical resistivity imaging for better understanding of aquifer geometry and its characteristics. The observed 2D apparent resistivity data were independently inverted, and then collated to 3D data set. The inversion of the resulting 3D data set was carried out using a full 3D inversion code. The 3D inverse model of resistivity images obtained are presented as horizontal depth slices. The 2D images extracted from 3D inverse models showed no distortions that are observed in 2D models obtained by 2D inversion. The 3D inverse model resis-tivity appears to be more realistic, considering the hydrogeology of the area. The unusually high resistiv-ity values observed in the 2D inverse models were not observed in the 3D inverse models. The very low near-surface inverse model resistivity observed is thought to be structurally influenced. The results, which are consistent with numerical evaluation, show that high resolution 3D geoelectrical resistivity imaging can be successfully conducted using parallel 2D profiles if appropriate survey parameters are carefully chosen.	2D and 3D imaging; 3D inversion; Field evaluation; Parallel 2D profiles; Resistivity survey	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864273609	Kinetics of nevirapine and its impact on HIV-1 RNA levels in maternal plasma and breast milk over time after perinatal single-dose nevirapine	Aizire J., Mcconnell M.S., Mudiope P., Mubiru M., Matovu F., Parsons T.L., Elbireer A., Nolan M., Janoff E.N., Fowler M.G.	2012	Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes	60	5	10.1097/QAI.0b013e318246bf9e	Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, MU-JHU Research Building, Old Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, Uganda; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Departments of Medicine (Clinical Pharmacology), United States; Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Strategic Information, Cape Town, South Africa; Mucosal and Vaccine Research Program Colorado (MAVRC), Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States	Aizire, J., Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, MU-JHU Research Building, Old Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, Uganda; Mcconnell, M.S., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Mudiope, P., Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, MU-JHU Research Building, Old Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, Uganda; Mubiru, M., Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, MU-JHU Research Building, Old Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, Uganda; Matovu, F., Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, MU-JHU Research Building, Old Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, Uganda; Parsons, T.L., Departments of Medicine (Clinical Pharmacology), United States; Elbireer, A., Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, MU-JHU Research Building, Old Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, Uganda, Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Nolan, M., Department of Strategic Information, Cape Town, South Africa; Janoff, E.N., Mucosal and Vaccine Research Program Colorado (MAVRC), Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States; Fowler, M.G., Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, MU-JHU Research Building, Old Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, Uganda	Objective: To determine kinetics after single-dose nevirapine and the impact on HIV RNA [viral load (VL)] in maternal plasma and breast milk (BM). Methods: Cohort of 120 HIV-1-infected pregnant Ugandan women received perinatal single-dose nevirapine alone and followed up with their infants through 24 weeks postdelivery. We assessed the relationship of nevirapine concentration (tandem mass spectroscopy) and HIV-1 VL (Roche AMPLICOR HIV-1 Kit, version 1.5) in maternal plasma and BM over time. Results: At week 1 postpartum, NVP (≥10 ng/mL) was detected in all 53 plasma and 47 of 51 (92.2%) BM samples with median (interquartile ranges) of, respectively, 171 (78-214) ng/mL and 112 (64-158) ng/mL, P = 0.075, which decreased subsequently with traces persisting through week 4 in plasma. Plasma and BM VL dropped by week 1 and were highly correlated at delivery (R = 0.71, P < 0.001) and week 1 (R = 0.69, P < 0.001) but not thereafter. At week 1, VL correlated inversely with NVP concentration in plasma (R = 0.39, P = 0.004) and BM (R = 0.48, P = 0.013). There was a VL rebound in both compartments, which peaked at week 4 to levels greater than those at week 1 [significantly in plasma (P < 0.001) but not in BM] and remained stable thereafter. Median VL was consistently greater (11-to 50-fold) in plasma than BM at all time points (all P < 0.001). Conclusions: After single-dose nevirapine, NVP concentration was comparably high through week 1, accompanied by suppression of plasma and BM VL. A longer "tail" (>1 week) of potent postnatal antiretroviral drugs is warranted to minimize the observed VL rebound and potential for NVP resistance as a result of persistent NVP traces. © 2012 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	breast milk; HIV-1 RNA; maternal plasma; nevirapine	nevirapine; virus RNA; adult; article; breast milk; controlled study; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infant; major clinical study; maternal plasma; perinatal drug exposure; pregnant woman; priority journal; single drug dose; tandem mass spectrometry; virus load; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Male; Milk, Human; Nevirapine; Plasma; Pregnancy; RNA, Viral; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Time Factors; Uganda; Viral Load; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878753482	Evaluation of glucosamine and snail mucin on the progression of experimental knee osteoarthritis in dogs [Evaluación de la glucosamina y mucina de caracol en la progresión de la osteoartritis experimental de rodilla en perros]	Ajadi A.R., Oladele S.G., Ebenezer B.O., Olajide B.K.	2013	International Journal of Morphology	31	1	10.4067/S0717-95022013000100044	Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, United States; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Agr	Ajadi, A.R., Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Oladele, S.G., Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, United States; Ebenezer, B.O., Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Olajide, B.K., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	This study evaluated the effect of oral glucosamine and intramuscular injection (IM) of snail mucin on the progression of experimental osteoarthritis (OA) in dogs. Twenty adult mongrels with mean body weight (12.4±1.8 kg) were used. Experimental OA was induced surgically using the groove model. The dogs were randomly divided into three groups following radiographic evidence of OA. Group one (control) comprised of ten dogs treated with normal saline twice weekly for four weeks following OA. Group two comprised of five dogs treated with 10mg/kg of oral glucosamine daily for four weeks. Group three comprised of five dogs treated with 5mg/kg intramuscular injection of 5% solution of snail mucin twice weekly for four weeks. Blood was obtained from the cephalic vein before surgical arthrotomy, after surgical arthrotomy, immediately after radiographic confirmation of OA (Week 0) and at two weeks interval up to 4 weeks of treatment. Efficacy of the drugs was assessed by changes in plasma IL-6 and MMP-3, while safety was determined using the changes in packed cell volume (PCV), total white blood cell counts (WBC) and observable adverse reactions associated with the administration of the drugs. In this study, the PCV and WBC did not differ significantly (P> 0.05) from the control group. Plasma IL-6 and MMP-3 were significantly (P< 0.05) lower both in glucosamine-treated and snail mucin-treated dogs up to week 4 of treatment when compared with the control group. However, there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in IL-6 and MMP-3 between the two treatment groups. In addition, painful swelling at the site of injection was observed in dogs treated with snail mucin, while no adverse reaction was observed in dogs treated with oral glucosamine. It was therefore concluded that both oral glucosamine and IM injection of snail mucin comparably modified the progression of OA. However, owing to the adverse reaction noted with IM injection of snail mucin, further study is required to determine the most appropriate route of administration.	Dogs; Glucosamine; Interleukin; Matrix metalloproteinase; Osteoarthritis; Snail mucin	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859871126	Socio-economic factors that impact the occurrence of malaria in rural Nigerian households	Ajadi K.O., Olaniran H.D., Alabi F.M., Adejumobi D.O.	2012	World Journal of Medical Sciences	7	2	None	Department of Urban and Regional Planning, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Geography, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria	Ajadi, K.O., Department of Urban and Regional Planning, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Nigeria; Olaniran, H.D., Department of Geography, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Alabi, F.M., Department of Urban and Regional Planning, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Nigeria; Adejumobi, D.O., Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria	The rural areas of Africa are reported to be the worst malaria infested areas. This study attempts a multi-regression analysis of socio-economic factors underlying incidence of malaria in rural areas taking Akinyele Local Government area in Nigeria as a case study. Three hundred and eighty seven (387) respondents are interviewed through the administration of structured questionnaire. Regression indicated a significant correlation between malaria incidence and socio-economic characteristics of respondents R = 0.211 at P < 0.05. The regression model showed that household size · =0.114 at P < 0.05, gender · =0.101 at P< 0.05 and marital status · = 0.102 at P > 0.05. The study suggested intensification of awareness campaign on reproductive health and family planning and effective rural planning are strategies to keep malaria incidence at the barest minimum. © IDOSI Publications, 2012.	Comprehensive development plan; Malaria; Multi-Linear regression; Rural areas; Socio-economic factors	adult; article; disease association; female; household; human; incidence; major clinical study; malaria; male; marriage; Nigeria; regression analysis; risk factor; rural area; sex difference; socioeconomics	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897850290	Evaluation of tribromoethanol, tribromoethanol-buprenorphine and ketamine-xylazine combinations for anaesthesia in sprague-dawley rats undergoing ovariectomy	Ajadi R.A., Gazal N.A., Teketay D.H., Gazal S.O.	2012	Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences	28	1	None	Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, United States; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Ajadi, R.A., Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, United States, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Gazal, N.A., Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, United States; Teketay, D.H., Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, United States; Gazal, S.O., Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, United States	Effect of premedication with buprenorphine (BP) on efficacy and safety of tribromoethanol (TBE) - induced anaesthesia was evaluated and compared with anaesthesia induced by ketamine (K) and xylazine (X) combination in rats undergoing ovariectomy. Fifteen Sprague -Dawley rats (mean weight 246.5 ± 13.1g) were randomly divided into three groups. Group (TBE) received tribromoethanol solution (250mg/kg). Group (TBE+BP) was premedicated with BP (0.02mg/kg) and 30 minutes later with TBE (250mg/kg). Group KX was anaesthetized with mixture of K (43.5mg/kg) and X (6.5mg/kg). All injections were administered intraperitoneally. Anaesthetic parameters determined were onset of anaesthesia (OAN), duration of antinociception (DAN), duration of sleep (DSP) and recovery time (RCT). Rectal temperatures (RT) and respiratory rates (RR) were recorded immediately after loss of righting reflex and at ten minute interval up to 90 minute. In addition, rats were monitored for adverse signs up to one week after ovariectomy. Anaesthetic indices were compared using Student's t-test, while RR and RT were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Two rats in TBE group and one rat in TBE+BP group died three days after ovariectomy. Duration of antinociception (DAN) was significantly (P= 0.0015) longer in TBE than in KX anaesthetized rats but not significantly (P= 0.054) different between TBE and TBE-BP anaesthetized rats. Also, DSP was significantly (P=0.001) longer in KX anaesthetized rats than TBE- anaesthetized rats. Similarly, the DSP was significantly (P= 0.013) shorter in TBE group than TBE+ BP anaesthetized rats. Both RR and RT decreased significantly (P<0.0001) with time following anaesthesia in all groups. It was concluded that KX mixture provided better anaesthesia than TBE and TBE+BP, and addition of BP to TBE did not have any beneficial effect. © Physiological Society of Nigeria.	Anaesthesia; Buprenorphine; Ketamine; Ovariectomy; Rats; Tribromoethanol; Xylazine	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751566546	Cytotoxicity evaluation and isolation of a chroman derivative from Phyllanthus amarus aerial part extract	Ajaiyeoba E., Kingston D.	2006	Pharmaceutical Biology	44	9	10.1080/13880200601006905	Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Chemistry Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States	Ajaiyeoba, E., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Kingston, D., Chemistry Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States	Chemical and cytotoxicity examinations of the crude methanol extract of the aerial parts of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. et Thonn. (Euphorbiaceae) were investigated. The cytotoxicity property of the P. amarus was evaluated in vitro, using the human ovarian A2780 cancer cell. Bioassay-guided fraction of the crude extract (IC50 value of 31.2 μg/mL) showed that the dichloromethane fraction was most toxic with an IC50 value of 22.7 μg/mL, whereas the polar methanol fraction was least cytotoxic with an IC50 value of 31.2 μg/mL. This led to the isolation of a new chroman derivative from the dichloromethane fraction. On the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectral data, the structure of the chroman was established as 4,4,8-trimethoxy chroman. The compound exhibited very little or no in vitro cytotoxicity with an IC50 of 16.2 μg/mL, relative to actinomycin, the reference compound, with an IC50 of 2.0 ng/mL. It can therefore be concluded that the aerial parts of P. amarus, an extensively used plant remedy in various African and Asian Pacific ethnomedicines, is relatively nontoxic. © 2006 Informa Healthcare.	Aerial parts; Cancer cell; Chroman derivative; Cytotoxicity; Phyllanthus amarus	4,4,8 trimethoxychroman; chroman derivative; dactinomycin; dichloromethane; methanol; Phyllanthus amarus extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; article; bioassay; cancer cell; controlled study; cytotoxicity; drug isolation; drug structure; human; human cell; IC 50; mass spectrometry; medicinal plant; nuclear magnetic resonance; ovary cancer; Phyllanthus amarus; traditional medicine; Euphorbiaceae; Phyllanthus amarus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947201796	Industrial safety practices as determinants of employees' performance and wellbeing at selected industries in Post-Harcourt, River State, Nigeria	Ajala E.M., Osazuwa I.	2012	Journal of Health, Safety and Environment	28	2	None	Department of Social Work, Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ajala, E.M., Department of Social Work, Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Osazuwa, I., Department of Social Work, Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	It makes good business sense to promote industrial safety issues and programs at the workplace in order to enhance workers' performance and wellbeing. It is against this background that this study looked at the involvement of industrial safety practices on employees' performance and wellbeing. The descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. Three hundred and twenty respondents were randomly selected from five industries that had records of safety practices. Six questionnaires were used to collect data and the analyses were done at α = 0.05 level. Findings showed that staff training, recruitment of skilled personnel, evaluation of safety performance and rewards/safety incentives correlated significantly with performance and wellbeing, but selection of personnel and evaluation of safety performance did not correlate with wellbeing significantly. It was recommended that social workers should work with both employers and employees to see to the explanation of causative mechanism for injuries rather than proximal causes. © CCH.	Employees; Industrial safety practices; Industries; Performance; Wellbeing	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84953329293	Yellow Oleander Seed Oil Extraction Modeling and Process Parameters Optimization: Performance Evaluation of Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology	Ajala S.O., Betiku E.	2015	Journal of Food Processing and Preservation	39	6	10.1111/jfpp.12366	Chemical Engineering Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, OAU Campus, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Ajala, S.O., Chemical Engineering Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, OAU Campus, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Betiku, E., Chemical Engineering Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, OAU Campus, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	The effects of sample weight, time and solvent type on YOSO yield were evaluated using ANN and RSM. The predicted optimal condition for the extraction process was found to be the same for the ANN and RSM models developed: sample weight of 20g, time of 3h and petroleum ether. The models predictions of YOSO yield (ANN [77.42%] and RSM [78.64%]) at optimum levels were verified experimentally (ANN [77.63%] and RSM [76.64%]). Evaluation of the models by R2 and AAD showed that the ANN model was better (R2=1.00, AAD=0.61%) than the RSM model (R2=0.98, AAD=3.19%) in predicting YOSO yield. Physicochemical properties of the YOSO indicated that it was nonedible and the fatty acids profile showed that the oil was highly unsaturated (76.13%). Practical Applications: This study demonstrated modeling of YOSO extraction and optimization of process parameters that are involved. The performance evaluation results showed that both the ANN and RSM could be used for modeling and optimization of YOSO extraction process. Also, the characterization of the oil showed that it could serve as raw material for many chemical industries such as biodiesel production, soap, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industrials. The results from this study can be successfully scaled up to pilot scale. Also, the results could be extended to the extraction of other oilseeds. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	None	Chemical industry; Fatty acids; Neural networks; Oils and fats; Unsaturated fatty acids; Biodiesel production; Extraction process; Fatty acids profiles; Modeling and optimization; Optimization of process parameters; Physicochemical property; Process parameters optimizations; Response surface methodology; Extraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952122658	Effects of feed forms and feeding frequency on growth performance and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings	Ajani F., Dawodu M.O., Bello-Olusoji O.	2011	African Journal of Agricultural Research	6	2	None	Department of Animal Science and Fisheries Management, Bowen University, P. M. B. 284, lwo, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Bowen University, Lwo, Nigeria; Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nige	Ajani, F., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries Management, Bowen University, P. M. B. 284, lwo, Nigeria; Dawodu, M.O., Department of Chemistry, Bowen University, Lwo, Nigeria; Bello-Olusoji, O., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	A 12-week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the optimum feeding frequency and best feed form for the growth and nutrient utilization of African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Three replicate groups of fish (average weight of 3.05± 0.25 g) were fed at 5% body weight using either floating or sinking pellets at different feeding frequencies (three meals a day, two meals a day or one meal a day) in a 2 × 3 factorial experimental design. The mean weight gain and daily feed intake of the fish were not affected significantly by the feed forms; however the fish fed with floating pellets had a slight higher weight gain than those fed with the sinking pellets. The weight gain and daily feed intake of fish fed floating or sinking pellets twice a day and thrice a day were significantly higher than that of the fish fed once in a day (p < 0.05). The feeding frequency did not have any effect on the feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio in the fish fed with sinking pellet but these variables were significantly (p < 0.05) affected in the fish fed once in a day when compared with other feeding frequencies while using floating pellet. The feeding frequencies and feed forms had no significant effect on the protein content of the fish carcass. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were recorded in the lipid content of fish as feeding frequency increases. It is therefore concluded that any of these fish feed forms can be fed at twice or thrice per day effectively for optimum result in the growth of C. gariepinus. © 2011 Academic Journals.	African catfish (Clarias gariepinus); Feed form; Feed frequency; Growth; Nutrient utilization	Clarias gariepinus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76149091240	Microwave-assisted synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of 3-{3-(s-aryl and s-heteroaromatic)acryloyl}-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives	Ajani O.O., Nwinyi O.C.	2010	Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry	47	1	10.1002/jhet.298	Chemistry Department, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Biological Science, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Ajani, O.O., Chemistry Department, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Nwinyi, O.C., Department of Biological Science, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	(Chemical Equation Presented) The exploration of potential utilization of microwaves as an energy source for heterocyclic synthesis was herein investigated using condensation of 3-acetylcoumarin (1) with aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes to afford the corresponding aromatic chalcones (2a-j) and heteroaromatic chalcones (3a-e and 4a-e), respectively, in good to excellent yield within 1-3 min. The chemical structures were confirmed by analytical and spectral data. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity and 3-{3-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)acryloyl}-2H-chromen-2- one (2i) was discovered to be the most active at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 7.8 μg/mL. © 2010 HeteroCorporation.	None	3 (5 phenylpenta 2,4 dienoyl) 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (3 hydroxyphenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 chlorophenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 dimethylaminophenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 ethylphenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 hydroxy 3 methoxyphenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 hydroxyphenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (4 nitrophenyl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 chloro 1h pyrrol 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 chlorofuran 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 ethyl 1h pyrrol 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 ethylfuran 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 methyl 1h pyrrol 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 methylfuran 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 nitro 1h pyrrol 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (5 nitrofuran 2 yl]acryloyl) 2h chromen 2 one; 3 [3 (furan 2 yl)acryloyl] 2h chromen 2 one; 3 acetylcoumarin; 3 cinnamoyl 2h chromen 2 one; aldehyde derivative; antiinfective agent; chalcone derivative; coumarin derivative; streptomycin; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; article; Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus subtilis; controlled study; drug screening; drug structure; drug synthesis; Escherichia coli; Geobacillus stearothermophilus; infrared spectroscopy; Klebsiella pneumoniae; mass spectrometry; microwave radiation; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; nuclear magnetic resonance; polymerization; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Shigella dysenteriae; Staphylococcus aureus; ultraviolet spectroscopy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928016842	Status and impact of strategic technology alliances among telecommunications firms in Nigeria	Ajao B.F., Oyebisi T., Aderemi H., Jegede O.	2015	International Journal of Business Performance Management	16	03-Feb	10.1504/IJBPM.2015.068723	National Centre for Technology Management, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria; African Institute for Science Policy and Innovation, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Management and Accounting, Obafemi Awolowo University I	Ajao, B.F., National Centre for Technology Management, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Oyebisi, T., African Institute for Science Policy and Innovation, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Aderemi, H., Department of Management and Accounting, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Jegede, O., National Centre for Technology Management, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria	This paper examined strategic technology alliance among telecommunications service providers in Nigeria and the benefits accrued to service providers and subscribers from the alliances. This was with a view to providing appropriate recommendation to improving the services rendered to subscribers. Primary data were collected from four GSM network operators, two CDMA network operators and three telecommunications service vendors in Nigeria. Findings revealed the existence of strategic technology alliances such as licensing, joint venture, turnkey, venture capital, franchising, merger and acquisition. Benefits derived from the strategic alliances in decreasing order were improved network coverage, decrease in call drops, decrease in signal down time and decrease in tariff of data and voice services. Furthermore, the allies enjoyed increased turnover when they engaged in strategic technology alliance. The study concluded that a well-structured strategic technology alliance relationship among telecommunications firms can bring about better services for sustainable development in the country. Copyright © 2015 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	CDMA; Global system of mobile; GSM; Licensing; STA; Strategic technology alliance; Subscribers; Telecommunications vendors	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73349119634	Development and power performance test of a small three-blade orizontal-axis wind turbine	Ajao K.R., Adegun I.K.	2009	Heat Transfer Research	40	8	10.1615/HeatTransRes.v40.i8.40	Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Ajao, K.R., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Adegun, I.K., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	The parameterization, installation, and testing of a locally developed three-blade horizontal-axis wind turbine were carried out. The turbine blades were fabricated from Mansonia Altissima wood because of its availability, good strength, and resistance to both fatigue and soaking, with a rotor swept area of 3.65 m 2 and the blade angle of attack was experimentally determined to be 7°. The turbine was installed on the roof top of the University of Ilorin, Faculty of Engineering Central Workshop Building at a hub height of 14.9 m from the ground level while the turbine generator was sourced locally. The direct current (d.c.) power output of the test turbine was measured at the battery bank terminal by a Power Analyzer and a direct current (d.c.) to alternating current (a.c.) inverter converts the d.c. power output to a.c. power and was measured by a digital wattmeter. An anemometer with a data logger installed on a meteorological tower (MET) measured the wind speed and direction over the test period. The cut-in wind speed, that is, the speed at which the wind turbine starts to produce power was determined to be 3.5 m/sec. One minutes averages of wind speed and power output was used to determine the power curve for the wind turbine. Measured power increase consistently with increased wind speed and the power curve obtained compared fairly well with standard power curves. © 2009 Begell House, Inc.	Anemometer; Angle of attack; Cut-in wind speed; Data logger; Power curve; Wind turbine	Alternating current; Battery banks; Blade angle; Data logger; Direct current; Ground level; Hub height; Meteorological tower; Power analyzers; Power curve; Power curves; Power increase; Power out put; Power performance; Turbine blade; Turbine generator; Wind speed; Wind speed data; Anemometers; Angle of attack; Electric generators; Speed; Wind effects; Wind power; Wind turbines; Turbomachine blades	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955781918	Evaluation of transaminase activity of ethanolic extract of fresh Ocimum basilicum in rats	Aja P.M., Onu P.N.	2011	Indian Journal of Animal Research	45	1	None	Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Ebonyi State University, P M. B. 05 Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Aja, P.M., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Ebonyi State University, P M. B. 05 Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Onu, P.N., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Ebonyi State University, P M. B. 05 Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ethanolic extracts of fresh leaves of Ocimum basilicum on transaminase activities in albino rats. Thirty two male albino rats were randomly assigned to three experimental groups of 12 marked as groups A, B, and C respectively. Groups A and B were treated with oral administration of organic extract of Ocimum basilicum at 400mg and 200mg /kg body weight daily respectively. Group C received no treatment. The body weight of rats of group A and B were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced up to 31.85% and 23.46% respectively compared to the control. The activities of AST were significantly elevated in groups A and B rats (400mg and 200mg/kg body weight) to the extent of 68.22% and 63.54% respectively compared to the control. Results also exhibited that the specific activities of transamminase (AST/ALT) in the serum was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the treated rats than the control. The result of the this study suggests that ingestion of ethanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum could upset the body metabolic system and may also elicit a toxic effect especially when taken at high concentration.	Albino rats; Ethanolic extracts; Ocimum basilicum; Transaminase activity	Ocimum; Ocimum basilicum; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84951124529	Factors affecting forage chopper performance	Ajav E.A., Yinusa B.	2015	International Agricultural Engineering Journal	17	3	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ajav, E.A., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Yinusa, B., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The performance of a forage chopper is greatly dependent on some factors such as cutting knife angle, knife edge thickness etc. Therefore, in this work the effect of some factors (operating time and moisture) on forage chopper performance were determined. Moisture contents of the samples forage (Guinea grass-24.4%, 23.3%, 20.0% (wb), Siam weed-21.4%, 16.6%, 13.3% (wb) and Maize Stover-42%, 30%, 23% (wb)) were determined by oven-drying method. The machine was tested using Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standard at Department of Agricultural an Environmental Engineering in September, 2014. Effects of moisture content and operating time (Independent variables) on chopping efficiency, chopping capacity and length of cut of the machine were analysed using response surface design expert of 6.0.6 model. Responses were chopping capacity, chopping efficiency and length of cut. The results of the statistical analysis showed that, moisture content and operating time had significant effects (p<0.05) on the chopping capacities at 5% significant level while their effects on efficiencies were not significant at 5% significant level due to the cutting knife parameters of the machine. Moreover, the length of cut increased with the increase in moisture content but the effect was not significant. The chopping capacity, efficiency and length of cut are functions of the mechanical, physical properties of the material chopped and the cutting knife parameters of the machine.	Cutting knife parameters; Forage chopper; Moisture content; Operating time	Agriculture; Efficiency; Moisture; Moisture determination; Cutting knives; Guinea grass; Independent variables; Knife edge; Operating time; Oven drying method; Response surface designs; Siam weeds; Agricultural machinery	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650340002	Impact of internship training on faculty of agriculture undergraduates of the obafemi awolowo university, ile-ife, Nigeria	Ajayi A.O., Okorie V.O., Yusuf O.J.	2008	Journal of Agricultural and Food Information	9	2	10.1080/10496500802173988	Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, Obafemi Awolowo University O.A.U., P.O. Box 1979, Postal Code 220005,	Ajayi, A.O., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, Obafemi Awolowo University O.A.U., P.O. Box 1979, Postal Code 220005, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Okorie, V.O., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Yusuf, O.J., Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	This study assessed the impact of internship training on undergraduates of agriculture in the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The job aspirations and attitudes of preinternship and postinternship undergraduates toward studying agriculture and toward participating in internship training were compared and the students' preferred courses and reasons for studying agriculture were identified. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select an equal number of respondents from both preinternship and postinternship students; a pretested and validated structured questionnaire was used to elicit qualitative information from 130 respondents; frequency distribution, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to describe the data; one-way-ANOVA test was used to test the hypotheses in order to make deductions from the data. The result of ANOVA revealed that at P 0.05 significance level, there were significant differences in the preinternship and postinternship students' attitudes toward studying agriculture and toward participating in internship training. However, at P 0.05 significance level, there was no significant difference in the job aspirations of preinternship and postinternship students. It was, therefore, concluded that the internship training changed only the attitude of postinternship students toward studying agriculture and participating in internship training, with no significant impact on the job aspirations of the students. Hence, the study recommended overhauling the internship training program through adequate funding, logistics, and curriculum revision; so as to enable it to attain its goals and promote improvement and retention of educated and able-bodied youth in the agricultural sector. © 2008 by The Haworth Press. All rights reserved.	Agricultural development; Attitude; Internship training; Job aspiration; Labor depletion	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45849151072	Comparative in vitro evaluation of mixtures of Panicum maximum cv Ntchisi with stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis), Lablab (Lablab purpureus), Centro (Centrosema pubescens) and Histrix (Aeschynomene histrix)	Ajayi F.T., Babayemi O.J.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	6	None	Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ajayi, F.T., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria; Babayemi, O.J., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME), short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and degradation constants of Panicum maximum and legume mixtures and Panicum maximum intercrop with legumes were estimated from in vitro gas production parameters. Crude protein (CP) content ranged from 7.63 to 23.29%, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) ranged from 50.66 to 64.28%, Ether extract ranged from 2.73 to 9.24% and the ash content values ranged from 6.78 to 12.66%. Phenol content varied from 1.47 - 1.76 %, Tannin value ranged from 1.05 - 1.38 %, Saponin content ranged from 1.38 - 1.72 %, Phytate content ranged from 2.17 - 2.31 % and Oxalate content ranged from 1.54 - 1.73 %. Potential gas production, b from the insoluble fraction of the legumes ranged from 22.38 to 28.46 ml/g DM, the value for the mixtures ranged from 14.55 to 22.10 ml/g DM. The b fraction of the grass in legume intercrop ranged from 20.45 to 24.50.ml/g DM. Increased gas production was observed in the mixtures and intercrop than sole grass. Methane production was higher in legumes than the mixtures. ME, OMD and SCFA values were in the order of mixtures > legumes > sole grass. Grass in legume intercrop had higher ME, OMD, SCFA than sole grass. This study revealed that grass in legume intercrop and grass/legume mixtures have greater benefit in animal nutrition than grass only.	Gas production; Grass; Intercrop; Mixtures; Panicum maximum	Aeschynomene histrix; Animalia; Centrosema pubescens; Lablab; Lablab purpureus; Panicum maximum; Stylosanthes guianensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748979968	Chemical analysis and preliminary toxicological evaluation of Garcinia mangostana seeds and seed oil	Ajayi I.A., Oderinde R.A., Ogunkoya B.O., Egunyomi A., Taiwo V.O.	2006	Food Chemistry	101	3	10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.02.053	Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ajayi, I.A., Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oderinde, R.A., Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ogunkoya, B.O., Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Egunyomi, A., Botany Department, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Taiwo, V.O., Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The chemical analysis and preliminary toxicological evaluation of Garcinia mangostana seeds and seed oil have been investigated in order to determine the possibility of using them for human and/or animal consumption. Proximate analysis showed that the seeds had high amount of carbohydrate and were rich in oil (21.68 ± 6.18%) but have a low protein content. The physical properties of the oil extracts showed the state to be liquid at room temperature (25 ± 1 °C) and the colour of the oil golden-orange. The specific gravity of the oil was 0.98 ± 0.01. Among the chemical properties of the oil extracts, acid value, saponification number, iodine value, percent free fatty acid and peroxide value compared well with those of conventional edible oils. The seed flour was found to be a good source of minerals. It contained considerable amounts of potassium (7071 mg/kg), magnesium (865 mg/kg) and calcium (454 mg/kg). Fatty acid composition of the seed oil indicated that the oil contained one essential fatty acids small proportions: linoleic acid (1.30%). The most prevalent fatty acids were palmitic acid (49.5%) and oleic acid (34.0%). Weanling albino rats appeared to suffer no toxicological effects when fed with G. mangostana seed oil in their diet for 8 weeks. Weekly monitoring of the rats showed good physical appearance and steady weight increase. Histological examination of sections of the heart, liver, kidney, spleen and lung revealed that the kidney of some of the rats had some degrees of pathology which included diffuse glomerular and tubular degeneration. No lesion was found in the heart and liver of the rats. The seed oil could be useful as an edible oil and for industrial applications. © 2006.	Fatty acid; Garcinia mangostana; Mineral elements; Toxicology effect	calcium; carbohydrate; fatty acid; iodine; linoleic acid; magnesium; oleic acid; palmitic acid; peroxide; potassium; vegetable oil; acidity; animal tissue; article; chemical analysis; chemical composition; color; comparative study; degeneration; diet; fluor; Garcinia mangostana; glomerulus; heart; histology; kidney; kidney tubule; lipid composition; liquid; liver; lung; monitoring; nonhuman; pathology; plant seed; rat; relative density; room temperature; saponification; spleen; toxicology; Animalia; Garcinia mangostana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548275467	Short-term toxicological evaluation of Terminalia catappa, Pentaclethra macrophylla and Calophyllum inophyllum seed oils in rats	Ajayi I.A., Oderinde R.A., Taiwo V.O., Agbedana E.O.	2008	Food Chemistry	106	2	10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.093	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, Universit	Ajayi, I.A., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oderinde, R.A., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Taiwo, V.O., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Agbedana, E.O., Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicological effects of feeding the oils of Calophyllum inophyllum, Pentaclethra macrophylla and Terminalia catappa to rats. The effects on physical appearance, feed intake, weight gain, plasma and tissue cholesterol and triacyglycerol levels in rats with 5% of the oils in normal rat feed were determined. Weekly monitoring of the rats showed good physical appearance and steady weight gain, with no mortality recorded for the period of the study. Haematological analysis of the rats indicated that they were not anaemic. Histopathotogical examination of the sections of the heart, liver, kidney and spleen revealed moderate (T. catappa oil) to severe fatty change and necrosis in the liver. Glomerulonephrotic changes in the kidneys of rats fed with T. catappa oil were moderate, while it was severe in the group fed with P. macrophylla oil. Severe myocardiac necrosis as well as atherosclerotic clefts in vasa vasori was observed in the vasa vasori of the hearts of rats fed with P. macrophylla oil. This change was moderate in the heart of rats fed with C. inophyllum, while no such observation was made in the group fed with T. catappa oil. There was a significant difference in the plasma cholesterol levels of the rats fed with C. inophyllum and T. catappa oils when compared with the control rats, while those fed with P. macrophylla oil had no significant difference. The oil of T. catappa appears more suitable for consumption than the oils from C. inophyllum and P. macrophylla. Fatty acid analysis of the oils showed that they have high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids with linoleic and oleic acids as the major ones. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Calophyllum inophyllum; Pentaclethra macrophylla; Terminalia catappa; Toxicological effect	calophyllum inophyllum extract; pentaclethra macrophylla extract; plant extract; Terminalia catappa extract; unclassified drug; vegetable oil; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; Calophyllum; Calophyllum inophyllum; controlled study; histopathology; medicinal plant; monitoring; nonhuman; parameter; pentaclethra macrophylla; plant seed; rat; Terminalia; toxicity testing; Calophyllum inophyllum; Pentaclethra macrophylla; Rattus; Terminalia catappa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953725149	Evaluation of the 137Cs activity-depth profiles by the diffusion-convection model	Ajayi I.R., Raji A.T.	2010	International Journal of Physical Sciences	5	2	None	Deparment of Physics and Electronics, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Ajayi, I.R., Deparment of Physics and Electronics, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Raji, A.T., Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	The diffusion-convection model of 137Cs transport has been used to evaluate the activity-depth profiles of soils in southwestern Nigeria in this study. The experimentally determined depth profiles were fitted into the diffusion-convection equation to obtain the diffusion coefficient D and the convective velocity u. Results obtained showed that the range of the diffusion coefficient was 0.72 - 1.02 cm2 per year while that of the convective velocity was from 0.07 to 0.16 cm per year. It was observed that the diffusion coefficient is higher than the convective velocity in all the sampling points. The low convective velocities obtained in all the locations may imply that convective rates of the radionuclide within the soil layers are insignificant compared to the diffusion rates. © 2010 Academic Journals.	137Cs activity; Convective velocity; Diffusion coefficient; Radionuclide; Soil depth	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953806100	Mock examination results as a predictor of students' performance in senior secondary school certificate examination results in ogun state, Nigeria	Ajayi K.O., Lawani Abisola O., Muraina Kehinde O.	2011	European Journal of Scientific Research	49	3	None	Department of Educational Management, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ijebu - Ode, Nigeria; Department of Physics and Mathematics, Tai Solarin University of Education Ijagun, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Educational Management, Tai Sola	Ajayi, K.O., Department of Educational Management, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ijebu - Ode, Nigeria; Lawani Abisola, O., Department of Physics and Mathematics, Tai Solarin University of Education Ijagun, Ogun State, Nigeria; Muraina Kehinde, O., Department of Educational Management, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ogun State, Nigeria	This study was designed to investigate the predictive validity of Mathematics Mock results of students in the SSCE in Ogun State, Nigeria. Two hundred and sixty students were randomly selected by a simple random sampling technique from ten public secondary schools in two local government areas of Ogun State, Nigeria. An ex-post facto type of research design was used because data were collected from the already existing school records which do not require the manipulation of the independent variables. The data collected were analysed using the statistical software package for social sciences (SPSS). The findings of the study revealed that Mock examination results in Mathematics could be used to predict the success in academic performance of students in SSCE Mathematics. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2011.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891552822	The impact of left main coronary artery morphology on the distribution of atherosclerotic lesions in its branches	Ajayi N.O., Lazarus L., Vanker E.A., Satyapal K.S.	2013	Folia Morphologica (Poland)	72	3	10.5603/FM.2013.0033	Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; St. Augustine's Hospital, Chelmsford Medical Centre, Durban, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa	Ajayi, N.O., Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Lazarus, L., Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Vanker, E.A., St. Augustine's Hospital, Chelmsford Medical Centre, Durban, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; Satyapal, K.S., Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Background: Atherosclerotic occlusion of a coronary vessel is the commonest cause of ischaemic heart disease. The distribution of atherosclerotic lesions is not random, with stenoses preferentially situated at branch ostia, bifurcation points, and the proximal segments of daughter vessels. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the intrinsic anatomical properties of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) on the distribution of atherosclerotic lesions in its branches. Materials and methods: A retrospective review of 170 consecutive coronary angiograms obtained from the cardiac catheterisation laboratories of private hospitals in the eThekwini Municipality area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa was performed. The LMCA was absent in 19/170 (11.2%). The remaining angiograms (n = 151) were divided into two groups: normal 63/151 (41.7%) and those with coronary artery disease (CAD) 88/151 (58.3%). The CAD group was sub-divided into proximal 42/88 (47.7%), mixed (proximal and distal) 26/88 (29.6%) and distal 20/88 (22.7%) sub-groups based on the location of atherosclerotic lesions in the branches of the LMCA. Results and Conclusions: The mean length, diameter and angle of division of the LMCA were as follows: Total angiograms: 10.4 mm, 3.8 mm and 86.2o; normal group: 10.5 mm, 3.9 mm and 85.7o, CAD group: 10.2 mm, 3.7 mm and 86.3o; proximal sub-group: 10.9 mm, 3.7 mm and 91.6o, mixed sub-group - 9.8 mm, 3.7 mm and 85o and distal sub-group - 9.1 mm, 3.8 mm and 79.4o, respectively. The vessels with proximally located lesions were recorded to have longer lengths and wider angles of division than vessels with distal lesions. Coronary angiographic delineation of the LMCA anatomy may be predictive of a coronary arterial arrangement that may favour the progression of proximally located lesions. Copyright © 2013 Via Medica.	Atherosclerosis; Distribution; Left main coronary artery; Left main coronary artery branches	anatomy and histology; angiocardiography; coronary artery disease; coronary blood vessel; human; pathology; radiography; retrospective study; article; coronary artery disease; coronary blood vessel; histology; pathology; radiography; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Vessels; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Vessels; Humans; Retrospective Studies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78149351112	Valvular regurgitation impact on left ventricular 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic indices in patients with essential hypertension	Ajayi O.E., Abiona T.C., Balogun M.O., Ajayi A.A.L.	2010	Journal of the National Medical Association	102	10	None	Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Health Studies, College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States; Division of Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacolog	Ajayi, O.E., Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Abiona, T.C., Department of Health Studies, College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States; Balogun, M.O., Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Ajayi, A.A.L., Department of Health Studies, College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States, Division of Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States	Background: Blacks have both a higher hypertension prevalence and accelerated cardiac end organ damage. Because blacks also have a higher prevalence of valvular heart disease, which occurs at a younger age than for whites, we further examined the contribution of valvular regurgitation to the severity of hypertensive heart disease in Nigerians. Methods: We evaluated and compared echocardiographic indexes in 75 essential hypertensive Nigerians with (n = 48) and without (n = 27) valvular regurgitations. Demographic and echocardiographic indices, as well as the types and severity of valvular lesions were compared between the groups using bivariate logistic regression and analysis of variance. Results: The 2 groups were of similar demographics, but those with regurgitations had larger cardiac size (p &lt; .05), greater mass (147 ± 31 vs 122 ± 32 g/m 2, p = .01) higher volume (p &lt; .01), and left atrial size (35.6 ± 4.6 vs 33.3 ± 4.6 mm, p &lt; .05). Atrial size, cardiac volume, and dimension were independent correlates/predictors of regurgitation occurrence. Relative wall thickness of at least 0.6 was more common in regurgitation patients. Cardiac mass was correlated to increasing age (r = 0.23, p = .043). The valvular lesions frequencies were aortic regurgitation, 8; mitral regurgitation, 22; and mixed, 18. The aortic orifice dimension was significantly different among the regurgitant cases, highest in aortic regurgitation (p = .001). Aortic orifice dimension increased with hypertension duration (p = .028). Conclusions: Regurgitant lesions are common and occur early in hypertensive Africans. Apparently mild valvular regurgitation may accentuate preclinical concentric hypertrophy in hypertensive blacks.	Cardiovascular; Hypertension; Nigeria	adult; aorta valve regurgitation; arterial wall thickness; artery diameter; article; cardiovascular risk; clinical article; clinical assessment; comparative study; controlled study; disease duration; disease severity; Doppler echocardiography; essential hypertension; female; heart left atrium; heart left ventricle ejection fraction; heart left ventricle enddiastolic volume; heart left ventricle filling; heart rate; heart size; heart volume; human; male; mitral valve regurgitation; Nigeria; priority journal; two dimensional echocardiography; Adult; African Continental Ancestry Group; Aged; Echocardiography, Doppler; Female; Heart Valve Diseases; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Organ Size; Ventricular Function, Left	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881218581	Wind profile characteristics and turbine performance analysis in Kano, north-western Nigeria	Ajayi O.O., Fagbenle R.O., Katende J., Aasa S.A., Okeniyi J.O.	2013	International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering	4	1	10.1186/2251-6832-4-27	Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, P. M. B. 1023, Ota, Nigeria; Mechanical Engineering Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; College of Engineering and Technology, Botswana International University of Science and T	Ajayi, O.O., Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, P. M. B. 1023, Ota, Nigeria; Fagbenle, R.O., Mechanical Engineering Department, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; Katende, J., College of Engineering and Technology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Gaborone, Botswana; Aasa, S.A., Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, P. M. B. 1023, Ota, Nigeria; Okeniyi, J.O., Mechanical Engineering Department, Covenant University, P. M. B. 1023, Ota, Nigeria	This study analyzed the electricity generation potential from wind at Kano, Nigeria (12.05°N; 08.2°E; altitude 472.5 m; air density 1.1705 kg/m3). Twenty one years (1987 to 2007) monthly mean wind speed data at a height of 10 m were assessed from the Nigeria Meteorological Department, Oshodi. The data were subjected to different statistical tests and also compared with the two-parameter Weibull probability density function. The outcome shows that the average monthly wind speed ranged from 6.6 to 9.5 m/s. Seasonally, average wind speeds ranged between 6.6 to 8.5 m/s and 7.4 to 9.5 m/s for dry (October to March) and wet (April to September) seasons, respectively. Also, estimated monthly wind power ranged between 3.6 and 12.5 MWh/m2. The most probable and maximum energy carrying wind speeds were also determined and the two parameters of the Weibull statistics were found to lie between 2.1 ≤ k ≤ 4.9 and 7.3 ≤ c ≤ 10.7, respectively. These results indicate that wind speeds at Kano may be economically viable for wind-to-electricity at and above the height of 10 m. In addition, five practical turbine models were assessed for the site's wind profile, with results suggesting strong economic viability. © 2013 Ajayi et al.	Kano; Nigeria; Renewable energy; Weibull; Wind power	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876767101	Impact of antioxidative supplementation on semen quality according to MSOME criteria: Improvement of semen parameters by dietary supplement	Ajayi R., Okhowat J., Spitzer D., Schechinger B., Herbert Zech N.	2013	Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida	17	1	None	The Bridge Clinic, Lagos, Nigeria; IVF Centers Prof Zech, Austria; IVF Center Prof. Zech, Bregenz, Austria	Ajayi, R., The Bridge Clinic, Lagos, Nigeria; Okhowat, J., IVF Centers Prof Zech, Austria; Spitzer, D., IVF Centers Prof Zech, Austria; Schechinger, B., IVF Centers Prof Zech, Austria; Herbert Zech, N., IVF Centers Prof Zech, Austria, IVF Center Prof. Zech, Bregenz, Austria	Purpose: To investigate the influence of an oral antioxidative and micronutrient supplementation on semen quality assessed by MSOME (motile sperm organelle morphology examination) criteria in a collective of in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients. Methods: Sperm analysis of 160 IVF patients was evaluated 2-12 months before undergoing IVF/IMSI (intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection) cycle. The following parameters were analyzed: semen volume, sperm concentration, motility and morphology according to MSOME criteria. Patients were grouped according to the WHO criteria into normozoos-permic, oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT) oligo-and asthenozoospermic men, respectively. Between first and second semen analysis, patients were treated orally with a dietary antioxidative supplement. The Student's t-test was used to evaluate the significance of data. Results: In the total number of patients we found a significant reduction in the percentage of immotile sperms and a highly significant increase of total sperm motility after antioxidative therapy. We also observed substantial improvement of motility, the sperm concentration as well as sperm morphology (according to MSOME criteria) in the semen of oligozoospermic, asthenozoospermic and OAT patients. For normozoospermic patients, we found almost no significant increase in sperm parameters. Conclusions: The results display a considerable improvement in semen quality, such as motility, sperm concentration and morphology after dietary supplementation, notably in IVF patients with poor semen quality. Amelioration of sperm quality of IVF patients can have a crucial impact in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Our findings suggest that micronutrient supplementation might be generally beneficial for semen quality in men undergoing ART, but mostly in those with a higher grade of alterations in their sperm parameters. The suggested mode of action is probably due to a decline of oxidative stress. © Todos os direitos reservados a.	Antioxidative supplementation; ART; Assisted reproductive technologies; IMSI; IVF; Male infertility; Morphology; MSOME; Oxidative stress; Semen quality; Spermatozoa	antioxidant; adult; article; diet supplementation; human; infertility therapy; major clinical study; male; male infertility; morphology; oxidative stress; semen analysis; spermatogenesis; spermatozoon density; spermatozoon motility	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857718401	The impact of contractors' prequalification on construction project delivery in Nigeria	Aje I.	2012	Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management	19	2	10.1108/09699981211206098	Department of Quantity Surveying, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Aje, I., Department of Quantity Surveying, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Purpose - Prequalification of contractors is a very important step in construction project procurement under the contract "Due Process" policy in Nigeria. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to investigate the impact of contractors' prequalification on cost, time and quality performance of construction projects. Design/methodology/approach - Data were collected with the aid of a questionnaire addressed to construction practitioners selected from clients, consultants and contractors' organizations. Also archival data on 77 completed building projects relating to prequalification assessment of contractors and project delivery variables were sourced from consultant quantity surveyors. The data were analysed with the aid of mean score and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Findings - The results show that contractors' prequalification has significant impact on time and quality performance of construction projects as evidenced by p/-values of 0.039 and 0.030, respectively. Practical implications - The findings should provide a valuable reference for clients and consultants during contractors' prequalification and contract award. Originality/value - The outcome of this paper will assist clients and consultants in the construction industry to carry out objective assessment of contractors' potential performance in relation to project goals prior to contract award. © 2012 Emerald Group Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.	Construction operations; Contract workers; Due process; Impact; Nigeria; Prequalification; Project delivery; Project management	Construction operations; Contract workers; Due process; Impact; Nigeria; Pre-qualification; Project delivery; Construction industry; Management science; Project management; Contractors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78049478366	On-farm evaluation of improved cowpea-cereals cropping systems for crop-livestock farmers: Cerealscowpea systems in Sudan savanna zone of Nigeria	Ajeigbe H.A., Singh B.B., Ezeaku I.E., Adeosun J.O.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	17	None	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kano Station, P. M. B. 3112, Kano, Nigeria; Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A and M University College Station, TX 77843, United States; National Agricultural Extension, Research and Lias	Ajeigbe, H.A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kano Station, P. M. B. 3112, Kano, Nigeria; Singh, B.B., Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A and M University College Station, TX 77843, United States; Ezeaku, I.E., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kano Station, P. M. B. 3112, Kano, Nigeria; Adeosun, J.O., National Agricultural Extension, Research and Liason Services, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	From 2003 to 2005, a farmer's participatory evaluation of improved cowpea-cereal cropping systems in the Sudan savanna zone of Nigeria involving over 1600 farmers was conducted. The system involved growing improved cowpea varieties with cereal in a 2 cereal: 4 cowpea row to row arrangements, with application of inorganic and organic fertilizer to the crops and 2 to 3 insecticide sprays to the cowpea. Training was provided to all farmers and extension agents at the village level, while the farmers' group leaders and extension agents were further given on-station training. The results indicate that the improved cropping systems using improved varieties of cowpeas were superior to the traditional systems. The economic value of grains of the improved systems ranged from 160 to 680% of the traditional controls while the total produce gave gross returns of 160 to 571% of the total produce of the traditional controls in the Sudan savanna zone of Nigeria. The improved systems also produced better quality crop residues with increase in the leguminous portion of the residues and therefore likely to improve productivity of the livestock. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Cowpea-cereal systems; Farmer participatory trial; Improved strip cropping system; Vigna unguiculata	Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78049464847	Participatory on-farm evaluation of improved legume-cereals cropping systems for crop-livestock farmers: Maize-double cowpea in Northern Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria	Ajeigbe H.A., Singh B.B., Adeosun J.O., Ezeaku I.E.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	16	None	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kano Station, P. M. B. 3112, Kano, Nigeria; Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A and M University, R.M. 428 Heep Building, College Station, TX 77843, United States; National Agricultural Ext	Ajeigbe, H.A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kano Station, P. M. B. 3112, Kano, Nigeria; Singh, B.B., Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A and M University, R.M. 428 Heep Building, College Station, TX 77843, United States; Adeosun, J.O., National Agricultural Extension, Research and Liason Services, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ezeaku, I.E., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kano Station, P. M. B. 3112, Kano, Nigeria	Farmer's participatory evaluation of improved cowpea-maize cropping systems in the Northern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria involving over 1000 farmers was conducted from 2003 to 2005. The system involved growing improved cowpea varieties with maize in a 2 cereal: 4 cowpea row to row (arrangement), with application of inorganic and organic fertilizer to the crops and 2 to 3 insecticide sprays to cowpea. The result indicated that the improved cropping systems using improved varieties of cowpeas were superior to the traditional system. The economic value of grain of the improved system averaged 313, 269 and 308% of the traditional systems in 2003, 2004 and 2005 respectively. The improved systems also produced better quality crop residues with increase in the leguminous portion of the residues and therefore improve productivity of the livestock. Farmers' cooperatives societies were vital in procurement of inputs, accessing bank loans and loan recoveries and in subsequent farmer to farmer diffusion of both improved varieties and cropping systems. Participatory on-farm evaluation of improved cowpea varieties and improved cowpea-sorghum and cowpea-maize intercrop systems has led to rapid farmer to farmer diffusion and adoption of the new technologies. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Cowpea-cereal systems; Farmer participatory trial; Improved strip cropping system; Vigna unguiculata; Zea mays	Vigna unguiculata; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845447744	Comparative assessment of yield potentials of improved cowpea breeding lines using performance index and ranking methods	Ajeigbe H.A., Mohammed S.G., Singh B.B.	2006	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	4	04-Mar	None	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kano Station, Sabo Bakin Zuwo Road, Kano, Nigeria; Faculty of Agriculture, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria	Ajeigbe, H.A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kano Station, Sabo Bakin Zuwo Road, Kano, Nigeria; Mohammed, S.G., Faculty of Agriculture, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Singh, B.B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kano Station, Sabo Bakin Zuwo Road, Kano, Nigeria	Identification of the best variety from a variety trial is often done using the least significant difference (LSD), Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT) and stability analysis methods. However, these methods are unable to discriminate among a smaller group of varieties which are not statistically significantly different from each other. Therefore, there is a need for another method which can further discriminate among these small groups of varieties. This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of the performance index (PI) and rank total (RT) methods in identifying the best variety from a variety trial. Eighteen cowpea breeding lines including a local check were grown for two years in three environments representing the major cowpea growing zone of West Africa to assess their grain yield potential. The yield data were analyzed and variety means were compared using different methods. The PI revealed that IT98K-398-14 was the best with a PI index of 88% compared to 59% for IT98K-412-13 and IT98K-506-1 with 35%, and RT method showed IT98K-412-13 with RT of 34, IT98K-398-14 with RT of 35 and IT98K-506-1 with RT 42 as the most promising cowpea varieties while the stability analysis indicated IT98K-506-1 with a b value of 1.03 as the most stable variety in the test environments with a mean yield of 1491 kg ha -1 which is above overall mean yield of 1340 kg ha-1. The PI is a simple and easy approach to classify varieties especially when the number of varieties and test environments is large. The RT method is also an alternative approach devoid of much calculation and will therefore be a valuable tool for plant breeders especially when quick decisions are to be made on the selections of varieties. All three methods identified the same three varieties as the best varieties.	Cowpea breeding lines; Performance index; Ranking total; Variety trial	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859460950	Impacts of climate change on rice agriculture in Nigeria	Ajetomobia J., Abiodunb A., Hassanc R.	2011	Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems	14	2	None	Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Dept. of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Ajetomobia, J., Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Abiodunb, A., Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Hassanc, R., Dept. of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	This study employed the Ricardian approach to test the relative importance of climate normals (average long-term temperature and precipitation) in explaining net revenue from Nigerian rice agriculture under irrigation and dry land conditions. A survey was done by interviewing 1200 rice farmers from 20 rice producing states in Nigeria. The states covered all the six geopolitical zones in the country. The results showed that increase in temperature will reduce net revenue for dry land rice farms while net revenue rises with increase in temperature for irrigated rice farms. Precipitation had similar effects on rice net revenue. Increase in precipitation will cause reduction in revenue for dry land rice farms whereas it will cause increase in revenue for irrigated farms. The results clearly demonstrate irrigation as a significant techniques used by the farmers to adapt to the climate change. Other adaptation options include Keeping of livestock, engaging in off farm works and the use of different market channels.	Climate change; Irrigation; Net revenue; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880044301	Legal education in Nigeria: An evaluation of the recruitment practice for the teaching of law as a career	Ajetunmobi A.	2013	Commonwealth Law Bulletin	39	2	10.1080/03050718.2013.804263	Department of Public and International Law, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD), Km 8.5 Afe Babalola Way, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Ajetunmobi, A., Department of Public and International Law, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD), Km 8.5 Afe Babalola Way, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	This article makes a critical assessment of legal education in Nigeria, focusing on the standard of hiring for the teaching of law as a career in the country. Legal academics are hired based upon an accreditation standard that requires a vocational qualification determined through a call to the Nigerian Bar. The article argues that making a vocational qualification a criterion for academic appointment - apart from other achievements demonstrated through higher law degrees - inhibits innovation in teaching and learning and needs to change. This change is premised on three reasons: the growth of interdisciplinary legal scholarship; the trend in the legal marketplace; and the correlation between a law faculty and a department of religion. And it concludes with some proposals to think about for a more scholarly approach towards the teaching of law within Nigerian academia. The aim of this article is to inform the essential dichotomy between legal scholarship and practice, and the transnational aspirations of legal academics, for those involved in the development of law teaching and study, as well as those concerned with educational policy and administration around the world. © 2013 Commonwealth Secretariat.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862095726	Indigenous land evaluation in the Yoruba speaking area of Kwara State, Nigeria	Ajibade L.T.	2008	Tropical Agriculture	85	3	None	Department of Geography, University, of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Ajibade, L.T., Department of Geography, University, of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	In order to understand the indigenous methods of land evaluation, to comprehend the underlying factors of this evaluation and determine the farmers' strategies of land management, a study was conducted in the Yoruba speaking area of Kwara State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty-five farmers were interacted with through interviewing and participant observation techniques. The study reveals that the Yoruba speaking farmers of Kwara State evaluate their land for agricultural purposes based on soil characteristics and other land factors such as slope and vegetal cover. In other words, soil classification is taken for land evaluation. Thus, in classifying their soils of the area, colour, stoniness, water content, fertility, slope and acidity are the major criteria used by the farmers. The soil characteristics were combined with the agronomic requirements of each crop, to determine the suitability of the land for a particular crop. The study also identifies the determinants and limitations of these criteria.	Indigenous land evaluation; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903481902	Influence of time of decomposition of plants materials on okra performance in ogbomoso, guinea savanna zone of South-West, Nigeria	Ajibola A.T., Fasola I.A., Modupeola T.O.	2014	Journal of Agronomy	13	3	10.3923/ja.2014.122.126	Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB, Ogbomoso, 4000, Oyo State, Nigeria; National Horticulture Research Institute, Idisin Jericho, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Ajibola, A.T., Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB, Ogbomoso, 4000, Oyo State, Nigeria; Fasola, I.A., Department of Agronomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB, Ogbomoso, 4000, Oyo State, Nigeria; Modupeola, T.O., National Horticulture Research Institute, Idisin Jericho, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Field trial was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso in 2012 to determine the effect of plant biomass types and time of decomposition on the growth and yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) moench). The treatment was a split plot laid out in randomized complete block design. The treatments involved two organic fertilizer types (Neem and Tithonia plant biomass), no fertilizer application (control) and five periods of incorporation (0, 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks before planting) making a total of ten treatment combinations replicated three times with Okra as the test crop. Data were collected on growth parameters and yield attributes of Okra. The parameters assessed were significantly influenced (p<0.05) by the applied plant biomass types. The highest plant height, number of leaves stem circumference and Suits plant-1 were recorded at 6 weeks before planting irrespective of the plant biomass types. The significantly higher fruit weight were recorded at 4, 5 and 6 weeks before planting irrespective of the plant biomass types. The best performance of Okra in terms of growth were obtained from neem plant biomass type and the best yield was obtained from tithonia plant biomass type while those with no fertilizer recorded the least values. In conclusion, the growth and yield of Okra were improved by plant biomass types and best performance of Okra in terms of growth were obtained from neem plant biomass type while the best yield was obtained from tithonia plant biomass type and 4, 5 or 6 weeks before planting is adjudged as the best period for incorporation of plant biomass in Ogbomoso, Guinea Savanna zone of south west, Nigeria. © 2014 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Growth and yield; Incorporation period; Okra; Plant biomass	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650976406	Performance analysis of statistical time division multiplexing systems	Ajiboye J.A., Adediran Y.A.	2010	Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies	9	16	None	Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Ajiboye, J.A., Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Adediran, Y.A., Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Multiplexing is a way of accommodating many input sources of a low capacity over a high capacity outgoing channel. Statistical Time Division Multiplexing (STDM) is a technique that allows the number of users to be multiplexed over the channel more than the channel can afford. The STDM normally exploits unused time slots by the non-active users and allocates those slots for the active users. Therefore STDM is appropriate for bursty sources. In this way STDM normally utilizes channel bandwidth better than traditional Time Division Multiplexing (TDM). In this work, the statistical multiplexer is viewed as M/M/1queuing system and the performance is measured by comparing analytical results to simulation results using Matlab. The index used to determine the performance of the statistical multiplexer is the number of packets both in the system and the queue. Comparison of analytical results was also done between M/M/1 and M/M/2 and also between M/M/1 and M/D/1 queue systems. At high utilizations, M/M/2 performs better than M/M/1. M/D/1 also outperforms M/M1.	Queuing system; Statistical time division multiplexing (STDM); Time division multiplexing (TDM)	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907502169	Sonographic evaluation of the carotid intima-media complex thickness in Nigerian chronic kidney disease patients	Ajiboye O.K., Bello B., Adeyomoye A.A., Olowoyeye O.A., Irurhe N.K.	2014	Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography	30	5	10.1177/8756479314545400	Department of Radiology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Ishaga Road, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba, Surulere, Lagos State, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Radiation Biology, University of Lago	Ajiboye, O.K., Department of Radiology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Ishaga Road, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba, Surulere, Lagos State, Nigeria; Bello, B., Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Adeyomoye, A.A., Department of Radiology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Ishaga Road, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba, Surulere, Lagos State, Nigeria; Olowoyeye, O.A., Department of Radiology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Ishaga Road, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba, Surulere, Lagos State, Nigeria; Irurhe, N.K., Department of Radiation Biology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Measurement of the carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) is being used by many investigators to detect an increased risk of coronary artery atherosclerotic disease and document treatment effects. This study compares CIMT measurements in 75 patients with chronic kidney disease to a matched cohort of 75 subjects with normal kidney function. In plaque-free arterial segments, the CIMT was measured manually in the longitudinal plane from the far walls of a segment of the common carotid artery 3 cm in length adjacent to the carotid bifurcation. Patients with CKD had a significantly higher mean CIMT compared to those with normal renal function (0.86 ± 0.42 mm vs 0.69 ± 0.21 mm; P <.01). Mean CIMT values did not differ significantly between patients with different stages of CKD (stage 3: 0.88 ± 0.14 mm; stage 4: 0.89 ± 0.18 mm; and stage 5: 0.87 ± 0.14 mm, P = .94). These data indicate that CIMT is significantly higher in patients with CKD compared with controls, regardless of the stage of their disease, and may be a readily available noninvasive means of further assessing cardiovascular risk in CKD patients. © The Author(s) 2014.	carotid artery; chronic kidney disease; intima-media thickness; sonography	adult; arterial wall thickness; Article; cardiovascular risk; carotid artery bifurcation; carotid artery intima media thickness; chronic kidney disease; clinical evaluation; cohort analysis; common carotid artery; female; hospital patient; human; kidney function; major clinical study; male; middle aged; Nigerian	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947915361	Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Mbaa River and the impact on aquatic ecosystem	Ajima M.N.O., Nnodi P.C., Ogo O.A., Adaka G.S., Osuigwe D.I., Njoku D.C.	2015	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	187	12	10.1007/s10661-015-4937-0	Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria	Ajima, M.N.O., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Nnodi, P.C., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Ogo, O.A., Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria; Adaka, G.S., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Osuigwe, D.I., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Njoku, D.C., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria	The bioaccumulation and toxic effects of heavy metals have caused ecological damage to aquatic ecosystem. In this study, concentration of heavy metals including zinc, lead, cadmium, iron, and copper were determined in the sediment and water as well as in the muscle, gill, and intestine of two fish species (Pelmatochromis guentheri and Pelmatochromis pulcher) of Mbaa River in Southeastern Nigeria. Samples were collected at three different spots from the river, and the level of heavy metals specified above were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) after a modified wet digestion process. The results indicated that sediment had the highest concentration of the heavy metals investigated while water had the lowest concentration. Fish tissues showed appreciable bioaccumulation of these metals as evidenced by a higher concentration profile when compared with that of water. Furthermore, the concentration of these heavy metals in water and their bioconcentration factor in the fish were above the recommended limit by WHO and FEPA, indicating that Mbaa River along Inyishi may not be suitable for drinking nor the fish safe for human consumption. The study also reveals the use of fish as bioindicator of aquatic environment. © 2015, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Accumulation; Fish; Heavy metals; Mbaa River; Pollution	Absorption spectroscopy; Aquatic ecosystems; Atomic absorption spectrometry; Bioaccumulation; Biochemistry; Chemical contamination; Copper; Ecology; Ecosystems; Fish; Heavy metals; Pollution; Potable water; Rivers; Water resources; Accumulation; Aquatic environments; Atomic absorption spectroscopy; Bio-concentration factors; Concentration profiles; Ecological damage; Human consumption; Southeastern Nigeria; River pollution; cadmium; copper; heavy metal; iron; lead; water; zinc; aquatic ecosystem; bioaccumulation; cichlid; ecological impact; heavy metal; pollution effect; animal tissue; aquatic environment; Article; atomic absorption spectrometry; bioaccumulation; bioconcentration factor; concentration (parameters); controlled study; environmental impact; exposure; freshwater fish; health hazard; Nigeria; nonhuman; Pelmatochromis guentheri; Pelmatochromis pulcher; risk assessment; river; sediment; tissue level; water contamination; Nigeria; Pelmatochromis; Pelvicachromis pulcher	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955396196	Phytochemical screening and antibacterial evaluation of the leaves extracts of olea hochstetteri bak. (Oleaceae)	Aji S.B., Auwal M.S., Onyeyili P.A., Dawurung C.J.	2010	Research Journal of Pharmacology	4	2	10.3923/rjpharm.2010.26.30	Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Adamawa State College of Agriculture, Ganye, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria; Department of Animal Health and Production T	Aji, S.B., Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Adamawa State College of Agriculture, Ganye, Nigeria, Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria; Auwal, M.S., Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria, Department of Animal Health and Production Technology, Mohammet Lawan College of Agriculture, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Onyeyili, P.A., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Dawurung, C.J., Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria, Department of Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria	Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Olea hochstetteri crude aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts were evaluated. The extracts were subjected to qualitative chemical analysis for identification of various classes of active chemical compounds. Disc diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial properties of the extracts on some gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The extracts showed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenes and steroids. The extract inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and to some extent Klebsiella pneumonia but had no effect on the growth of Bacillus sp., Shigella sp. and Escherichia coli. The study revealed some antibacterial properties of this extracts that supported the use of the leaves of this plant in folklore medicine. © Medwell Joumals, 2010.	Antibacterial activity; Aqueous/ethanol extracts; Folklore medicine; Nigeria; Olea hochstetteri bak.; Phytochemistry	alcohol; antiinfective agent; carbohydrate derivative; flavonoid; glycoside; Olea hochstetteri extract; plant extract; saponin derivative; steroid; tannin derivative; terpene derivative; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; article; Bacillus; bacterial growth; bacterium culture; chemical analysis; chemical composition; controlled study; disk diffusion; drug determination; drug isolation; Escherichia coli; Gram negative bacterium; Gram positive bacterium; growth inhibition; Klebsiella pneumoniae; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; Olea hochstetteri; Oleaceae; phytochemistry; plant leaf; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; qualitative analysis; Salmonella typhi; Shigella; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954840022	Integrating group-self evaluation in open and distance learning system	Ajunwa O.U.S.	2010	Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education	11	1	None	School Of Education, National Open University of Nigeria, 14-16 Ahmadu Bello Way, Victoria Island. Lagos, Nigeria	Ajunwa, O.U.S., School Of Education, National Open University of Nigeria, 14-16 Ahmadu Bello Way, Victoria Island. Lagos, Nigeria	Every instructional process involves a strategic assessment system for a complete teaching leaning circle. Any assessment system which is seriously flawed, should call for a change, a rethink or a repackaging for sustainability, and to be a part of teaching and learning. Assessment should be meaningful to both the assessors and the assessees. The learners who are the assessees in this case should not be left out in the process of assessment. This is an era of democratization and liberalization of the educational opportunities through the use of Open and Distance Learning. Therefore the components of the educational system, including assessment and evaluation should also be democratized through the group-self evaluation of learning outcomes in the Open and Distance Learning system. This paper takes a look at the benefits of the group-self evaluation, the concept of Open and Distance Learning, characteristics of learners in Open and Distance Learning and integrating group-self evaluation in the Open and Distance Learning system.	Assessment; Distance education; Group-self evaluation; Open and distance learning; Open learning	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61449209745	The combined impact of mine drainage in the Ankobra River Basin, SW Ghana	Akabzaa T.M., Jamieson H.E., Jorgenson N., Nyame K.	2009	Mine Water and the Environment	28	1	10.1007/s10230-008-0057-1	Department of Geology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Geology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark	Akabzaa, T.M., Department of Geology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Jamieson, H.E., Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Jorgenson, N., Department of Geology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Nyame, K., Department of Geology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	This study assessed the combined effects of seven large-scale gold mines, one manganese mine, and scattered artisanal gold mining sites on the quality of water in the Ankobra Basin in a geologically complex terrain. Water samples from streams, boreholes, hand dug wells, and mine spoil were analysed. Scatter plots of trends among measured parameters were used to assess drainage quality and differential impacts. Drainage quality exhibits wide seasonal and spatial variations; the geology strongly influences the water chemistry. Areas with low pH (&lt;5.5), and high sulphate ions and trace ions are suggestive of acid mine drainage while sites with high pH (&gt;7.5), HCO3 -, subdued SO4 2-, and high trace ions are suggestive of sites where acid neutralization is effective. High metal sources are largely confined to mining operations in the Birimian formation with ores containing more than 2% sulphides. However, restricted high metal regimes are observed in drainage in the Tarkwaian formation associated with scatted sulphide-bearing dolerite dykes in the operational areas of the Tarkwa and Damang mines. Earlier studies disputed sulphides in the Tarkwaian formation until recently, when acid-generating dykes were discovered in operating pits. The most degraded waters emanate from the Prestea and Iduapriem mines, and to a lesser extent, the Nsuta mine sites, all mining Birimian rocks. The Tarkwa mine showed minimal metal loading. Zn, Cu, Ni, As, SO4, pH, and specific conductance are essential and adequate parameters in determining if acid drainage is taking place at these sites, and are recommended for routine mine environmental monitoring.	Ankobra River; Drainage; Ghana; Mine; Water	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43349158926	Relative impact of patient characteristics and radiographic variables on the difficulty of removing impacted mandibular third molars	Akadiri O.A., Obiechina A.E., Arotiba J.T., Fasola A.O.	2008	Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice	9	4	None	Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Akadiri, O.A., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Obiechina, A.E., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Arotiba, J.T., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Fasola, A.O., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the relative contributions of patient characteristics and radiographic variables to the difficulty of extraction of impacted mandibular third molars in a Nigerian population. Methods and Materials: Seventy-nine consecutive patients undergoing mandibular third molar extractions were recruited for this prospective cohort study. Specific patient characteristics and radiographic variables were recorded. All extractions were performed under local anesthesia by the same oral surgeon, and the surgical difficulty was assessed based on the duration of surgery. Results: Body weight (BW) (P=0.009) and body surface area (BSA) (P=0.004) were the significant patient characteristics while tooth impaction depth (P=0.002), number of roots (P=0.035), and tooth angulation (P=0.003) were the significant radiographic variables associated with surgical difficulty using a univariate analysis. A multiple linear regression model was constructed with these variables using surgical difficulty as the dependent variable. Radiographic factors were found to be the more important determinants of surgical difficulty with the depth of impaction (P=0.038) being the singular most important factor. Conclusion: Although the difficulty of surgical removal of impacted lower third molars is dependent on BW, BSA, impaction depth, tooth angulation, and the number of roots, radiographic variables were of greater importance with impaction depth being the most important single factor.	Extraction; Impacted mandibular third molars; Patient variables; Radiographic variables; Surgical difficulty	adult; article; body mass; body surface; body weight; cohort analysis; female; forecasting; human; male; mandible; methodology; molar tooth; Nigeria; physiology; plastic surgery; prospective study; radiography; time; tooth disease; tooth extraction; tooth root; Adult; Body Mass Index; Body Surface Area; Body Weight; Cohort Studies; Female; Forecasting; Humans; Male; Mandible; Molar, Third; Nigeria; Prospective Studies; Surgical Flaps; Time Factors; Tooth Extraction; Tooth Root; Tooth, Impacted	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649577498	Evaluation of the yeild, protein content and functional properties of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] protein isolates as affected by processing	Akaerue B.I., Onwuka G.I.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	9	8	None	Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Akaerue, B.I., Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Onwuka, G.I., Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	The effect of processing on mungbean protein isolate yield, protein content and functional properties were evaluated. The functional properties evaluated were Water Absorption Capacity (WAC), Oil Absorption Capacity (OAC), Emulsion Capacity (EC) and nitrogen solubility. The protein isolate yield and protein content from the raw mungbean flour were 10.52 g protein/100 g flour and 87.56% respectively. Processing had significant (p<0.05) effect on the isolate yield, protein content and functional properties. The toasted flours yielded the highest protein isolates (10.68-8.48%), although there was progressive decrease in isolate yield as toasting time increased. Increase in sprouting time resulted to a significant (p<0.05) increase in isolate yield, however, no significant (p>0.05) decrease was observed for the protein content. Increase in boiling time markedly reduced both isolate yield (6.41-5.80%) and protein content (86.10-32.84%) respectively. The mungbean protein isolates from 60min boiled flour had the highest WAC (2.5 g/g), OAC (2.15 ml/g) and EC (22.16%) while the isolates from 90min toasted flour had the highest WAC (2.97 g/g), OAC (2.25 ml/g) and EC (18.92%). Isolates from 24 h sprouted flour gave the highest WAC (1.75 g/g), OAC (1.25 ml/g) and EC (10.96%). The functional properties of the mungbean protein isolates were significantly (p<0.05) improved by processing and the high solubility indicates its suitability for industrial application as protein supplements. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Functional properties; Mungbeans; Processing; Protein isolates	nitrogen; vegetable oil; article; controlled study; emulsion; flour; food analysis; functional food; high temperature procedures; hydrophilicity; hydrophobicity; leaching; mung bean; plant yield; protein content; protein denaturation; protein isolation; protein processing; raw food; solubility; sprouting; subspecies; water absorption; Vigna radiata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864565956	Impacts of ionospheric scintillations on GPS receivers intended for equatorial aviation applications	Akala A.O., Doherty P.H., Carrano C.S., Valladares C.E., Groves K.M.	2012	Radio Science	47	4	10.1029/2012RS004995	Institute for Scientific Research, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States; Department of Physics, University of Lagos, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts, United States	Akala, A.O., Institute for Scientific Research, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States, Department of Physics, University of Lagos, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Doherty, P.H., Institute for Scientific Research, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States; Carrano, C.S., Institute for Scientific Research, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States; Valladares, C.E., Institute for Scientific Research, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States; Groves, K.M., Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts, United States	This study examines the impacts of ionospheric scintillations on GPS receivers that are intended for equatorial or transequatorial aviation applications. We analyzed GPS data that were acquired at Ascension Island during the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) campaign of the solar maximum year of 2002. Strong scintillations impacted the receiver-satellite geometry, leading to poor dilution of precisions and positioning accuracy. In addition, deep signal fades (>20 dB-Hz), leading to navigation outages were observed during most of the nights of the campaign. Under quiescent conditions, the C/No of satellites fluctuated slowly between 50 dB-Hz and 35 dB-Hz baselines for both L1 (1.5754 GHz) and L2 (1.2276 GHz) signals, depending on the satellite's elevation angle. The satellite's elevation angle and the effective scan velocity of the satellite's ionospheric penetration point (IPP) with respect to the magnetic field and plasma drift influenced the rate of fading of satellite signals. © 2012. American Geophysical Union.	None	Air Force Research Laboratory; Aviation application; Dilution of precision; Elevation angle; GPS data; GPS receivers; Ionospheric scintillation; Penetration point; Plasma drifts; Positioning accuracy; Quiescent conditions; Satellite signals; Scan velocity; Solar maxima; Strong scintillations; Aviation; Ionospheric measurement; Satellites; Global positioning system	None
WoS	WOS:000271954100013	A Critical Analysis of the Social and Economic Impact of Asian Diaspora in Kenya	Afolabi, N,Akala, Winston Jumba,Falola, T,Kiruthu, Felix,Ogino, Francis	2007	TRANS-ATLANTIC MIGRATION: THE PARADOXES OF EXILE	None	None	None	Catholic University of Eastern Africa, University of Nairobi	"Akala, Winston Jumba: Catholic University of Eastern Africa","Kiruthu, Felix: University of Nairobi","Ogino, Francis: University of Nairobi"	None	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860822519	Impact of information and communication technology investment on the on productivity of selected sachet water companies in Oyo state	Akanbi T.A., Adewoye J.O.	2012	International Business Management	6	1	10.3923/ibm.2012.1.7	Department of Management and Accounting, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Akanbi, T.A., Department of Management and Accounting, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Adewoye, J.O., Department of Management and Accounting, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	The high level of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) investment in business enterprise makes it imperative to investigate the effects of management practice on ICT usage and effect of ICT investment on companies productivity. This study therefore examines the impact of ICT investment on the performance of sachet water companies a sub sector of Small Medium Enterprise (SME) in Oyo state, Nigeria. The study was carried out on 60 randomly selected sachet water companies that registered with National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and Association of Table Water Association Producers (ATWAP). Both primary and secondary data were used in the study. While the later was obtained from the book of accounts of the selected sachet water companies the primary data was collected with the aid of questionnaires and scheduled interviews conducted to the staffers of all categories in these companies. The data were subsequently analyzed using both descriptive (percentages and tables) and inferential statistic that includes Cobb-Douglas production function which was used to measured productivity. The study revealed that substantial proportion of respondents strongly agreed that the firm used mobile phone to communicate with customers. A striking result was that all the respondents unanimously responded in affirmative to breakdown and malfunctioning of ICT devices. However, 96.7% of the respondents confirmed the problem of irregular electric power supply as constraints militating against ICT usage. Years of existence of the companies, capital base and educational level of the manager have significant effects on the extent of ICT usage. Also to evaluate the effects of ICT investment on companies productivity, the three variables that were found to have significant effect on companies performance were ICT capital, non-ICT capital and ICT labour while non-ICT labour does not have any significant effect on companies performance. The study concluded that ICT investment had positive effects on the performance of selected sachet water companies in Nigeria. Based on these findings, it was recommended that sachet water companies should be ICT compliance. © Medwell Journals, 2012.	ICT; Investment; Manager; Nigeria; Productivity; Smes	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78651368161	Empirical determination of the motion resistance of pneumatic bicycle wheels for on and off-road performance	Akande F.B., Ahmad D., Jamarie O.B., Sulaiman S., Fashina A.B.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	23	None	Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, DE, Malaysia; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Akande, F.B., Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, DE, Malaysia; Ahmad, D., Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, DE, Malaysia; Jamarie, O.B., Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, DE, Malaysia; Sulaiman, S., Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, DE, Malaysia; Fashina, A.B., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Four pneumatic bicycle wheels of diameters 405 mm (16'), 510 mm (20'), 610 mm (24') and 660 mm (26') were tested on three different test surfaces (paved surface, grass field and tilled (sandy-clay loam) soil at selected tyre inflation pressures of 276 kPa (40 psi), 337.5 kPa (50 psi) and 414 kPa (60 psi) with varied (added) dynamic loads of 98.1 N (10 kg), 196.2 N (20 kg), 392.4 N (40 kg) and 588.6 N(60 kg) respectively. The motion resistances of these wheels at various dynamic loads and the selected inflation pressures were compared, to identify the wheel with the lowest motion resistance. On all the test surfaces, the 660 mm diameter recorded the lowest motion resistance measured with an average of 16 out of the 36 total number of test outcomes. The 660 mm diameter wheel, if used, has the potential to increase the pull (draft) and can be used in the development of simple, easy to maintain and low-cost agricultural machines with narrow wheels; as traction member for the low-income farmers and the rural dwellers to boost their agricultural productivity. ©2010 Academic Journals.	Dynamic loads; Inflation pressure; Motion resistance; Narrow wheel; Pneumatic bicycle wheel; Test surfaces	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952601356	Chemical evaluation of the nutritive quality of pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]	Akande K.E., Abubakar M.M., Adegbola T.A., Bogoro S.E., Doma U.D.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	1	None	Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria	Akande, K.E., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Abubakar, M.M., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Adegbola, T.A., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Bogoro, S.E., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Doma, U.D., Animal Production Programme, School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, P.M.B0248, Bauchi State, Nigeria	This study was carried out to evaluate the proximate and amino acid compositions of samples of raw and roasted pigeon pea seeds. The following range of values were obtained for dry matter (95.89-96.34%), crude protein (21.03-21.07%), crude fat (4.43-5.96%), crude fibre (7.16-7.52%) and ash (3.76-4.02%) respectively for the raw and roasted seeds of pigeon pea. While values for nitrogen free extract ranged from 57.77-59.51% for the roasted and raw pigeon pea seeds respectively. Results from the amino acid analysis revealed that some amino acids like arginine, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, leucine and tyrosine had their concentration in the seeds increased with heat processing, while other amino acids were not. On the whole, the concentration of glutamic acid was found to be the highest in the pigeon pea, with a value of 14.21 g/16 gN for the roasted seeds. Lysine showed the highest concentration among the indispensable amino acids (7.79 g/16 gN for the raw seeds and 7.55 g/16 gN for the roasted seeds). Pigeon pea seed was found to be deficient in the sulphur-containing amino acids (cystine and methionine). © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Amino acid; Composition; Evaluation; Pigeon pea; Proximate	Cajanus cajan	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949725897	Investigating the effect of correlation-based feature selection on the performance of neural network in reservoir characterization	Akande K.O., Owolabi T.O., Olatunji S.O.	2015	Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering	27	None	10.1016/j.jngse.2015.08.042	Electrical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Physics and Electronics Department, Adekunle Ajasin Univer	Akande, K.O., Electrical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Owolabi, T.O., Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, Physics and Electronics Department, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Olatunji, S.O., Computer Science Department, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia	Accurate prediction of permeability is very important in characterization of hydrocarbon reservoir and successful oil and gas exploration. In this work, generalization performance and predictive capability of artificial neural network (ANN) in prediction of permeability from petrophysical well logs have been improved by a correlation-based feature extraction technique. This technique is unique in that it improves the performance of ANN by employing fewer datasets thereby saving valuable processing time and computing resources. The effect of this technique is investigated using datasets obtained from five distinct wells in a Middle Eastern oil and gas field. It is found that the proposed extraction technique systematically reduces the required features to about half of the original size by selecting the best combination of well logs leading to performance improvement in virtually all the wells considered. The systematic approach to feature selection eliminates trial and error method and significantly reduces the time needed for model development. The result obtained is very encouraging and suggest a way to improve hydrocarbons exploration at reduced cost of production. Furthermore, performance of ANN and other computational intelligence techniques can be improved through this technique. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Artificial neural network; Feature selection; Permeability prediction; Reservoir characterization	Artificial intelligence; Characterization; Extraction; Feature extraction; Forecasting; Gas industry; Hydrocarbon refining; Hydrocarbons; Ionization of gases; Natural gas fields; Neural networks; Oil fields; Petroleum prospecting; Petroleum reservoirs; Well logging; Computational intelligence techniques; Feature extraction techniques; Generalization performance; Oil and gas exploration; Permeability prediction; Predictive capabilities; Reservoir characterization; Trial-and-error method; Petroleum reservoir engineering	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855816780	Hydrocarbon potential of Cretaceous sediments in the Lower and Middle Benue Trough, Nigeria: Insights from new source rock facies evaluation	Akande S.O., Egenhoff S.O., Obaje N.G., Ojo O.J., Adekeye O.A., Erdtmann B.D.	2012	Journal of African Earth Sciences	64	None	10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2011.11.008	Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of GeoSciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States; Department of Geology and Mining, Nassarawa State University, Keffi,	Akande, S.O., Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Egenhoff, S.O., Department of GeoSciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States; Obaje, N.G., Department of Geology and Mining, Nassarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria; Ojo, O.J., Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Adekeye, O.A., Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Erdtmann, B.D., Institut fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Technische Universitat Berlin, Sekr. ACK 14, Ackerstrasse 71-76, D-13355 Berlin, Germany	The Nigerian Benue Trough is an intracratonic rift structure which evolution is related to the Early Cretaceous opening of the South Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Guinea. Previous hydrocarbon potential assessments of the successions in the trough revealed a number of organic rich intervals capable of yielding significant quantities of hydrocarbons in the Cretaceous sections. Stratigraphic continuity of these intervals suggests their potentials for hydrocarbons if thermally mature and both oil and gas can be generated.The present study have expanded on some previously reported source rock data of the Cretaceous formations in the Benue Trough by detailed mapping of the stratigraphic intervals with source rock potentials on the basis of their structural setting, lithologic characteristics, and depositional environments. Further characterization of the organic matter within the Cenomanian to Coniacian on one hand and the Campanian to Maastrichtian intervals were carried out to determine the geochemical character of the organic rich zones, their maturity and effectiveness to generate and expel hydrocarbons.In the Lower Benue Trough, mature facies of the Cenomanian to Turonian Eze-Aku Formation with a predominance of Types II and III kerogen, the Turonian to Coniacian Type III dominated Awgu Formation and the Type III dominated Lower Maastrichtian sub-bituminous coals of the Mamu Formation have proven potentials as oil and gas source rocks. In the Middle Benue Basin, the preserved mature intervals of the Awgu Formation shales and coals are good gas source rocks with some oil prone units in view of the predominating Type III kerogen. Targets for hydrocarbons generated by these source rock intervals should focus on the non-emergent Cretaceous reservoirs within the pre-Santonian successions whereas, the mature equivalents of the sub-bituminous coal facies would generate and charge both Upper Cretaceous reservoirs and possibly the sub-Niger Delta successions in the sub-surface. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Benue Trough; Organic geochemistry; Petroleum; Source rocks; Stratigraphy	Campanian; Cenomanian; Coniacian; Cretaceous; hydrocarbon exploration; hydrocarbon generation; hydrocarbon reservoir; Maastrichtian; petroleum; quantitative analysis; source rock; Atlantic Ocean; Atlantic Ocean (South); Gulf of Guinea; Coniacian; Cyanea angustifolia; Katsuwonus pelamis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34948867279	Source rock evaluation of coals from the lower Maastrichtian Mamu Formation, SE Nigeria	Akande S.O., Ogunmoyero I.B., Petersen H.I., Nytoft H.P.	2007	Journal of Petroleum Geology	30	4	10.1111/j.1747-5457.2007.00303.x	Department of Geology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark	Akande, S.O., Department of Geology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Ogunmoyero, I.B., Department of Geology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Petersen, H.I., Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark; Nytoft, H.P., Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark	The Lower Maastrichtian Mamu Formation in the Anambra Basin (SE Nigeria) consists of a cyclic succession of coals, carbonaceous shales, silty shales and siltstones interpreted as deltaic deposits. Sub-bituminous coals within this formation are distributed in a north-south trending belt from Enugu-Onyeama to Okaba in the north of the basin. Maceral analyses showed that the coals are dominated by huminite with lesser amounts of liptinite and inertinite. Despite high liptinite contents in parts of the coals, an HI versus Tmax diagram and atomic H/C ratios of 0.80-0.90 and O/C ratios of 0.11-0.17 classify the organic matter in the coals as Type III kerogen. Vitrinite reflectance values (%Rr) of 0.44 to 0.6 and Tmax values between 417 and 429°C indicate that the coals are thermally immature to marginally mature with respect to petroleum generation. Hydrogen Index (HI) values for the studied samples range from 203 to 266 mg HC/g TOC and S1 + S2 yields range from 141.12 to 199.28 mg HC/g rock, suggesting that the coals have gas and oil-generating potential. Ruthenium tetroxide catalyzed oxidation (RTCO) of two coal samples confirms the oil-generating potential as the coal matrix contains a considerable proportion of long-chain aliphatics in the range C19-35. Stepwise artificial maturation by hydrous pyrolysis from 270°C to 345°C of two coal samples (from Onyeama, HI = 247 mg HC/g TOC; and Owukpa, HI = 206 mg HC/g TOC) indicate a significant increase in the S 1 yields and Production Index with a corresponding decrease in HI during maturation. The Bitumen Index (BI) also increases, but for the Owukpa coal it appears to stabilize at a T max of 452-454°C, while for the Onyeama coal it decreases at a Tmax of 453°C. The decrease in BI suggests efficient oil expulsion at an approximate vitrinite reflectance of ∼I%Rr. The stabilization/ decrease in BI is contemporaneous with a significant change in the composition of the asphaltene-free coal extracts, which pass from a dominance of polar compounds (∼77-84%) to an increasing proportion of saturated hydrocarbons, which at &gt;330°C constitute around 30% of the extract composition. Also, the n-alkanes change from a bimodal to light-end skewed distribution corresponding to early mature to mature terrestrially sourced oil. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that the coals in the Mamu Formation have the capability to generate and expel liquid hydrocarbons given sufficient maturity, and may have generated a currently unknown volume of liquid hydrocarbons and gases as part of an active Cretaceous petroleum system. © 2007 Scientific Press Ltd.	Anambra Basin; Cretaceous; Mamu Formation; Oil generation; SE Nigeria; Source rock; Sub-bituminous coals	Carbonaceous shale; Catalytic oxidation; Oil bearing formations; Pyrolysis; Silt; Long-chain aliphatic; Maceral analysis; Petroleum generation; Ruthenium tetroxide catalyzed oxidation; Stepwise artifical maturation; Coal; hydrocarbon generation; Maastrichtian; source rock; subbituminous coal; thermal maturity; vitrinite reflectance; Africa; Anambra Basin; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862073284	Hybrid maize evaluation in the derived and Southern Guinea Savanna agro-ecologies of Nigeria	Akande S.R.	2009	Tropical Agriculture	86	1	None	Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, P.M.B. 5029, Ibadan, Nigeria	Akande, S.R., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, P.M.B. 5029, Ibadan, Nigeria	The effects of genotype x environment interactions for grain yield on hybrid maize varieties in two locations within the derived and Southern Guinea Savanna environments of Nigeria were investigated. GGE biplot analysis was used to identify suitable varieties for each environment. Significantly higher grain yields were recorded at Ballah (Southern Guinea Savanna) with an average value of 2.06 t/ha compared with 1.8 t/ha obtained from Ilora (derived Savanna). Number of days to 50% silking was also longer at Ballah with a mean value of 61.95. Higher values were however recorded for plant and ear heights at Ilora. Using GGE biplot analysis differences among genotypes was responsible for the greater percentage of the total variation due to genotype, location and genotype x location interaction. The most suitable hybrid varieties for Ballah environment were varieties 8535-23 and 9111-1 while varieties 8522-2 and Oba super 1 were better adapted to Ilora environment. © 2009 Trop. Agric. (Trinidad).	Genotype x environment interaction; Grain yield; Hybrid maize; Savanna	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953347219	Multi-locational evaluation of cowpea grain yield and other reproductive characters in the forest and southern guinea savanna agro-ecologies of Nigeria	Akande S.R., Balogun M.O.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	7	None	Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, P.M.B.5029, Ibadan, Nigeria	Akande, S.R., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, P.M.B.5029, Ibadan, Nigeria; Balogun, M.O., Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, P.M.B.5029, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ten cowpea varieties were evaluated for grain yield and other reproductive characters at three locations within the forest and southern guinea savanna agro-ecologies of Nigeria for two years. Significant effects of year, location, variety and year x location interactions were observed for most of the parameters evaluated. Among the varieties average number of days to 50% flowering ranged from 41.89 to 50.06 days. Pod length had a mean value of 14.90cm and that of number of seeds per pod was 12.35. One hundred seed weight varied from 14.52g to 16.44g. Grain yield also ranged from 915. 14 to 1173.40 kg/ha with IT97D-941-1 having the best yield. Significantly higher grain yield was recorded in 2006 with a mean value of 1137.17kg/ha than 2007 (980.11 kg/ha). Among the locations average grain yield at Ballah (southern guinea savanna), Ikenne (forest) and Ilora (derived savanna) were 1016.56 kg/ha, 884.96 kg/ha and 1274.41 kg/ha respectively. GGE biplot analysis showed that genotype x location interaction was responsible for greater proportion of variation (57.61%). The analysis was also used to identify suitable cowpea varieties for each of the three locations under consideration.	Cowpea; Forest; Grain yield; Multi-location; Reproductive characters; Savanna	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43249126007	Evaluation and heritability studies of local Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) cultivars from south-west Nigeria	Akande S.R., Balogun M.O.	2007	Revista Cientifica UDO Agricola	7	1	None	Institute of Agricultural Research, Training Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, P.M.B. 5029, Ibadan, Nigeria	Akande, S.R., Institute of Agricultural Research, Training Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, P.M.B. 5029, Ibadan, Nigeria; Balogun, M.O., Institute of Agricultural Research, Training Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, P.M.B. 5029, Ibadan, Nigeria	Seven local Lima bean cultivars were evaluated at Ile-Ife in the humid rainforest environment of south western Nigeria for two years. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used each year. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyses. Heritability estimates of 10 agronomic characters evaluated were also determined. Significant year and cultivar effects were observed for most of the characters. Seed yield ha-1 varied from 289.14 to 1358.74 kg. Only two cultivars had seed yield above 1000 kg ha-1, others yielded poorly. Seed yield had positive and significant correlation with branching height, number of seeds per pod, 100- seed weight and inter-nodal length. Results of stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that pod weight per plant, 100-seed weight and pod length were the main seed yield components in Lima bean and together they accounted for 98% of the variability. One hundred seed weight also had the highest broad sense heritability estimate of 98%. Characters such as pod length, mid leaflet surface area, pod weight per plant and inter-nodal length were moderately heritable. The implications of these findings in lima bean improvement were discussed.	Correlation; Evaluation; Heritability estimates; Lima beans; Seed yield	Phaseolus lunatus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956024389	Impact of tannery and textile effluent on the chemical characteristics of Challawa river, Kano state, Nigeria	Akan J.C., Abdulrahman F.I., Ayodele J.T., Ogugbuaja V.O.	2009	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	8	10	None	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano State, Nigeria	Akan, J.C., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria; Abdulrahman, F.I., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria; Ayodele, J.T., Department of Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano State, Nigeria; Ogugbuaja, V.O., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria	The impact of effluent from tanneries and textile on the chemical characteristics of Challawa River was carried out for a periods of one year. Water samples were collected on quarterly basis beginning from the months of June to September, 2007 (Rainy season), November, 2007 - February, 2008 (Harmattan period) and March - May, 2008 (Dry season) to reflect the seasonal factors. Water samples from these areas were collected and designated S1 to S8 for the determinations of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), Dissolved oxygen (DO) total dissolved solid (TDS), anions and trace element. These parameters were determined using standard procedures. The concentrations of BOD (40.20±42.65 to 33.91±678.36mg/l.), COD (158.00±3439.11 to 15.41±210.33mg/l), %TOC (0.21 to 5.54%) were higher than the WHO limits for the protection of fish and other aquatic life. The concentrations of heavy metals in the water and sediment samples were higher than the WHO guideline values for the protection of aquatic life. This is expected owing to its location close to tanneries and textile industries. Results of Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results revealed that BOD, COD, DO, TOC, TDS, nitrate, nitrite, sulphate, phosphate, heavy metals and chloride were significantly different among the sampling points and seasons with exception of point S1-S3 where the was no marked seasonal variations. Point S5 which is the control point (upstream) recorded the lowest concentrations for all the parameters studied. The relationship between %TOC with BOD and COD; TDS with BOD and COD were also observed. The Pearson linear correlation analysis showed that the mean concentrations of heavy metals in the water and sediment samples revealed significantly positive correlated values. Base on the above results, the study underscores the need for immediate remediation programs to control the discharged of tanneries and textile effluent into Challawa River.	Challawa river; Chemical characteristics; Impact; Tannery and textile effluent	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934299363	Effects of selected tropical legume and oil seeds on egg quality and performance of laying hens in Nigeria	Akanji A.M., Ogungbesan A.M., Ologhobo A.D.	2015	Tropical Agriculture	92	1	None	Olabisi Onabanjo University, College of Agricultural Sciences, Dept. of Animal Production, Ayetoro, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Akanji, A.M., Olabisi Onabanjo University, College of Agricultural Sciences, Dept. of Animal Production, Ayetoro, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ogungbesan, A.M., Olabisi Onabanjo University, College of Agricultural Sciences, Dept. of Animal Production, Ayetoro, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ologhobo, A.D., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Raw jack-beans, bambara groundnuts and benne seeds were fed to exotic hens in a six - week experimental study to assess their toxicological effects on egg quality and laying performance. The legume and oil seeds selected for this study were used to replace soy bean meal at 25% and 50% levels. Egg weight and hen - day production were significantly (P<0.05) reduced in birds fed 25% and 50% raw benne seed - based diets. Feed conversion ratio was significantly (P<0.05) increased in birds fed 50% raw benne seeds. Egg yolk index and haugh unit were significantly (P<0.05) reduced across the groups. The reductions were however more pronounced in birds fed 50% raw jack beans and 50% raw benne seeds respectively. The whole egg protein was similar in all the groups. The yolk protein and albumen protein were however significantly (P<0.05) reduced across the groups. The fat contents of the whole eggs and yolk were more significantly (P<0.05) reduced in birds fed 50% raw jack beans and 50% bambara groundnuts respectively. Regression analysis revealed significant (P<0.05) correlations between egg weight and haemagglutinin (r = -0.47), tannin, (r = -0.55),; Yolk index and haemagglutinin (r = -0.54), trypsin inhibitor (r = -0.51); Haugh unit and tannin (r = -0.68), oxalate (r = -0.51); Yolk protein and haemagglutinin (r = -0.48), trypsin inhibitor (r = -0.48). © 2015 Trop. Agric. (Trinidad).	Eggs; Hens; Oil seeds; Raw legumes	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34848846123	Evaluation of male anterior urethral strictures by ultrasonography compared with retrograde urethrography	Akano A.O.	2007	West African Journal of Medicine	26	2	None	Department of Radiology, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria	Akano, A.O., Department of Radiology, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria	Background: Abnormality of the male anterior urethra is common and is routinely assessed by contrast X-ray retrograde urethrogram (RUG). There is paucity of knowledge about the efficacy or findings at ultrasound of the anterior urethra in patients with urethral stricture in our setting. Objective: To compare the efficacy of ultrasound to that of RUG in male patients diagnosed as having urethral strictures. Method: In order to compare the efficacy of ultrasound to that of RUG thirteen male patients diagnosed as having urethral strictures were prospectively examined using high resolution sonourethrography (SUG) and X-ray retrograde urethrogram between June and November 2004. Results: The ages of the patients ranged from 32 to 66 years (with a mean of 49.8). All the 13 patients scanned showed abnormalities of the anterior urethra, 11(84.6%) of which had strictures. Ten out of the 11 strictures were detected on both sonourethrograpby and RUG. One patient who was negative on RUG showed a stricture only 2.3 mm thick on SUG. The urethral mucosa, thickness of the urethral wall at the stricture level and the lengths of the strictures were well assessed on sonourethrography SUG. Conclusion: Ultrasound is as efficacious as retrograde urethrogram in the assessment of the male anterior urethra in patients with urethral stricture and may be recommended in the evaluation of this disease, in view of its efficacy, non-invasiveness, ready-availability and lack of exposure to radiation. It may also serve as baseline for other similar studies in our environment.	Male urethra; Retrograde urethrography; Sonourethrograph; Stricture	adult; age distribution; aged; article; clinical article; clinical effectiveness; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic value; echography; human; image analysis; intermethod comparison; male; non invasive measurement; prospective study; ultrasound scanner; urethra stricture; urethrography; Adult; Aged; Humans; Male; Male Urogenital Diseases; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Urethral Diseases; Urethral Stricture	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880793383	Genetic diversity assessment of extra-early maturing yellow maize inbreds and hybrid performance in Striga-infested and Striga-free environments	Akaogu I.C., Badu-Apraku B., Adetimirin V.O., Vroh-Bi I., Oyekunle M., Akinwale R.O.	2013	Journal of Agricultural Science	151	4	10.1017/S0021859612000652	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria, C/o L.W. Lambourne and Co, Carolyn House, 26, Croydon CR93EE, United Kingdom; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Bioresources, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Ni	Akaogu, I.C., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria, C/o L.W. Lambourne and Co, Carolyn House, 26, Croydon CR93EE, United Kingdom, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Bioresources, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria; Badu-Apraku, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria, C/o L.W. Lambourne and Co, Carolyn House, 26, Croydon CR93EE, United Kingdom; Adetimirin, V.O., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria; Vroh-Bi, I., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria, C/o L.W. Lambourne and Co, Carolyn House, 26, Croydon CR93EE, United Kingdom; Oyekunle, M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria, C/o L.W. Lambourne and Co, Carolyn House, 26, Croydon CR93EE, United Kingdom; Akinwale, R.O., Department of Crop Production and Protection, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Maize (Zea mays L.), a major staple food crop in West and Central Africa (WCA), is adapted to all agro-ecologies in the sub-region. Its production in the sub-region is greatly constrained by infestation of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. The performance and stability of the extra-early maturing hybrids, which are particularly adapted to areas with short growing seasons, were assessed under Striga-infested and Striga-free conditions. A total of 120 extra-early hybrids and an open-pollinated variety (OPV) 2008 Syn EE-Y DT STR used as a control were evaluated at two locations each under Striga-infested (Mokwa and Abuja) and Striga-free (Ikenne and Mokwa) conditions in 2010/11. The Striga-resistant hybrids were characterized by higher grain yield, shorter anthesis-silking interval (ASI), better ear aspect, higher numbers of ears per plant (EPP), lower Striga damage rating, and lower number of emerged Striga plants at 8 and 10 weeks after planting (WAP) compared with the susceptible inbreds. Under Striga infestation, mean grain yield ranged from 0·71 to 3·18 t/ha and 1·19 to 3·94 t/ha under Striga-free conditions. The highest yielding hybrid, TZEEI 83×TZEEI 79, out-yielded the OPV control by 157% under Striga infestation. The hybrids TZEEI 83×TZEEI 79 and TZEEI 67×TZEEI 63 were the highest yielding under both Striga-infested and Striga-free conditions. The genotype main effect plus genotype×environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis identified TZEEI 88×TZEEI 79 and TZEEI 81×TZEEI 95 as the ideal hybrids across research environments. Twenty-three pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity among the inbred lines. The correlations between the SSR-based genetic distance (GD) estimates of parental lines and the means observed in F1 hybrid under Striga infestation and optimum growing conditions were not significant for grain yield and other traits except ASI under optimum conditions. Grain yield of inbreds was not significantly correlated with that of F1 hybrids. However, a significant correlation existed between F1 hybrid grain yield and heterosis under Striga infestation (r=0·72, P<0·01). These hybrids have the potential for increasing maize production in Striga endemic areas in WCA. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012.	None	adaptation; assessment method; crop production; crop yield; genetic differentiation; genotype; growing season; hybrid; inbreeding; maize; maturation; pollination; weed control; Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910124960	Effect of feeding cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) root meal on growth performance, hydrocyanide intake and haematological parameters of broiler chicks	Akapo A.O., Oso A.O., Bamgbose A.M., Sanwo K.A., Jegede A.V., Sobayo R.A., Idowu O.M., Fan J., Li L., Olorunsola R.A.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	46	7	10.1007/s11250-014-0622-5	Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Institute of	Akapo, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Oso, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China; Bamgbose, A.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Sanwo, K.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Jegede, A.V., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Sobayo, R.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Idowu, O.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Fan, J., Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China; Li, L., Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China; Olorunsola, R.A., Faculty of Science, Ondo State University of Science and Technology, Ondo, Nigeria	The effect of feeding cassava root meal on growth performance, hydrocyanide intake, haematological indices and serum thiocyanate concentration of broiler chicks was investigated using 300-day-old male broilers. There were five dietary treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement of two processing methods of cassava root (peeled and unpeeled) included at two levels (100 and 200 g/kg) plus a control diet (maize-based diet, containing no cassava root). Each treatment was replicated six times with ten birds per replicate. The feeding trial lasted for 28 days. Control-fed birds had the highest overall (P < 0.01) final liveweight and weight gain, least (P < 0.05) hydrocyanide (HCN) intake and best (P < 0.05) feed-to-gain ratio. Chicks fed with control and diet containing 100 g/kg peeled cassava root meal (PCRM) had the least (P < 0.05) feed cost per weight gain. Chicks fed with diet containing 100 g/kg cassava root meal had higher (P < 0.05) final liveweight and weight gain and reduced (P < 0.05) HCN intake than chicks fed with diet containing 200 g/kg cassava root meal. Dietary inclusion of peeled cassava root meal (PCRM) for broiler chicks resulted in increased final liveweight (P < 0.05), weight gain (P < 0.01) and feed intake (P < 0.01) when compared with birds fed with diet containing unpeeled cassava root meal (UCRM). The least (P < 0.01) final liveweight and weight gain and worst (P < 0.05) feed-to-gain ratio were obtained with chicks fed with diet containing 200 g/kg UCRM. Increased dietary inclusion levels of cassava root resulted in significant increase (P < 0.05) in white blood cell (WBC) count, heterophil count and serum thiocyanate concentration. In comparison with chicks fed with diet containing UCRM, dietary inclusion of PCRM resulted in increased (P < 0.05) red blood cell (RBC) count and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and reduced (P < 0.05) white blood cell (WBC) count and serum thiocyanate concentration. Although inclusion of 100 g/kg PCRM showed some economic sense, dietary inclusion of either peeled or unpeeled cassava root poses a threat on growth and health status of broiler chicks. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Broiler chicks; Cassava root meal; Hydrocyanide intake; Peeling process; Serum thiocyanate	hydrogen cyanide; analysis; animal; animal food; animal husbandry; blood; body weight; chemistry; chicken; controlled study; diet; drug effects; eating; growth, development and aging; maize; male; Manihot; metabolism; plant root; procedures; randomized controlled trial; veterinary; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Diet; Eating; Hydrogen Cyanide; Male; Manihot; Plant Roots; Weight Gain; Zea mays	None
None	None	The impact of time use differentials on poverty levels in the Eastern and Northern Zones of Tanzania	Akarro R.	2008	European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences	None	13	None	Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam - Tanzania, P.O. Box 35047, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Akarro, R., Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam - Tanzania, P.O. Box 35047, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Development is positively correlated with poverty. People who are poor are generally less developed compared with the rich. Analysis of poverty levels in Northern and Eastern Zones of Tanzania is hereby presented. These zones were selected because they are a representative of coastal and upcountry cultures respectively. Principal component analysis was used in constructing poverty index. The households possessions that were used are type of the house roof, floor type, distance to water point, type of wall and type of toilet if any. Using principal component analysis, these factors explained about 51% of the total variation. Analysis showed that there were significant differences in poverty levels by regions. One of the determinants proposed to explain differences in poverty levels is time use. Time use variable was obtained from survey data that was collected by the NUFU project. Time use variable was collected for household head, spouse and the two eldest children. The contribution for spouse appeared to be highly significant for Mtwara and Tanga implying that the contribution of spouse to households welfare was eminent. The contribution by head of the household in Arusha and other regions in the Northern zones did not differ much from those by spouse. © EuroJournals, Inc. 2008.	Development; Gender; Poverty index; Principal component analysis; Time use	None	None
None	None	Culture and its impact on the education of the Maasai and the coastal women of Tanzania	Akarro R.R.J.	2008	European Journal of Social Sciences	6	3	None	Department of Statistics, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Akarro, R.R.J., Department of Statistics, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	The percentage of educated women vs that of men in Tanzania and indeed in the whole of sub Saharan Africa is not the same. The percentage of educated women lags that of men. Traditional culture is singled out as a significant factor contributing to this anomaly in Tanzania. This factor is analyzed for selected tribes of Tanzania, namely the coastal people with their menarche culture and he Maasai with their circumcision culture. Although the two cultures are significantly different, they have the same impact on marriage and education for the women in their respective tribes. Even through the analysis has been done primarily to the Maasai and the Coastal women of Tanzania, the phenomenon of education neglect for women is prevalent to most of the tribes in Tanzania. Recommendations are made to show what should be done to rectify the situation so as to narrow the gap between the proportion of women educated and that of men.	Circumcision; Coastal women; Education; Maasai; Marriage; Menarche; Tribal culture	None	None
WoS	WOS:000270909400007	METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN EVALUATING HEALTH CARE FINANCING EQUITY IN DATA-POOR CONTEXTS: LESSONS FROM GHANA, SOUTH AFRICA AND TANZANIA	Akazili, James,Ataguba, John,Borghi, Josephine,CHERNICHOVSKY, D,Di McIntyre,HANSON, K,Meheus, Filip,Mtei, Gemini,Rehnberg, Clas	2009	INNOVATIONS IN HEALTH SYSTEM FINANCE IN DEVELOPING AND TRANSITIONAL ECONOMIES	21	None	10.1108/S0731-2199(2009)0000021009	Ghana Health Service, Karolinska Institutet, Navrongo Health Research Center, University of Cape Town, University of London, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Royal Trop Inst KIT	"Akazili, James: Ghana Health Service","Akazili, James: Navrongo Health Research Center","Ataguba, John: University of Cape Town","Di McIntyre: University of Cape Town","Rehnberg, Clas: Karolinska Institutet",	Objective - Measurement of the incidence of health financing contributions across socio-economic groups has proven valuable in informing health care financing reforms. However, there is little evidence as to how to carry out financing incidence analysis (FIA) in lower income settings. We outline some of the challenges faced when carrying out a FIA in Ghana, Tanzania and South Africa and illustrate how innovative techniques were used to overcome data weaknesses in these settings. Methodology - FIA was carried out for tax, insurance and out-of-pocket (OOP) payments. The primary data sources were Living Standards Measurement Surveys (LSMS) and household surveys conducted in each of the countries; tax authorities and insurance funds also provided information. Consumption expenditure and a composite index of socio-economic status (SES) were used to assess financing equity. Where possible conventional methods of FIA were applied. Numerous challenges were documented and solution strategies devised. Results - LSMS are likely to underestimate financial contributions to health care by individuals. For tax incidence analysis, reported income tax payments from secondary sources, were severely under-reported. Income tax payers and shareholders could not be reliably identified. The use of income or consumption expenditure to estimate income tax contributions was found to be a more reliable method of estimating income tax incidence. Assumptions regarding corporate tax incidence had a huge effect on the progressivity of corporate tax and on overall tax progressivity. LSMS consumption categories did not always coincide with tax categories for goods subject to excise tax (e.g. wine and spirits were combined, despite differing tax rates). Tobaceo companies, alcohol distributors and advertising agencies were used to provide more detailed information on consumption patterns for goods subject to excise tax by income category. There was little guidance on how to allocate fuel levies associated with public transport' use. Hence, calculations of fuel tax on public transport were based on individual expenditure on public transport, the average cost per kilometre and average rates of fuel consumption for each form of transport. For insurance contributions, employees will not report on employer contributions unless specifically requested to and are frequently unsure of their contributions. Therefore, we collected information on total health insurance contributions from individual schemes and regulatory authorities. OOP payments are likely to be under-reported due to long recall periods; linking OOP expenditure and illness incidence questions - omitting preventive care; and focusing on the last set-vice used when people may have used multiple services during an illness episode. To derive more robust estimates of financing incidence, we collected additional primary data on OOP expenditures together with insurance enrolment rates and associated payments. To link primary data to the LSMS, a composite index of SES was used in Ghana and Tanzania, and non-durable expenditure was used in South Africa. Policy implications - We show how data constraints can be overcome for FIA in lower income countries and provide recommendations for future studies.	,TAX	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873627128	Permanent tracheostomy: Its social impacts and their management in Ondo State, Southwest, Nigeria	Akenroye M.I., Osukoya A.T.	2013	Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice	16	1	10.4103/1119-3077.106751	Departments of Ear, Nose and Throat.Head and Neck Surgery, State Specialist Hospital, P.O. Box 3861, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Akenroye, M.I., Departments of Ear, Nose and Throat.Head and Neck Surgery, State Specialist Hospital, P.O. Box 3861, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Osukoya, A.T., Departments of Ear, Nose and Throat.Head and Neck Surgery, State Specialist Hospital, P.O. Box 3861, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Background: Upper respiratory tract obstruction resulting from bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve damage is commonly managed with permanent tracheostomy in our environment. Objective: To evaluate the social impacts of permanent tracheostomy and its management in Ondo State, Southwest Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Four patients were managed with permanent tracheostomy due to bilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis following thyroidectomy. The observed complications are grouped as surgical/medical and social complications. Results: Surgical/medical complications include excessive mucus production, 29 (43.2%), stoma infection 18 (26.8%), stoma polyp and soft tissue blockage of tube fenestrations were 10 (15%) each. The observed impacts on patients' social life include: Negative attitude of family members, difficulty with professional use of voice, problems of social integration and scarcity of tracheostomy tube with speaking valves. Conclusion: Management of social impacts of permanent tracheostomy is more difficult than other complications and family members must be involved in it.	Negative impact on social life; Permanent tracheostomy; Surgical complications	adult; aged; airway obstruction; article; comparative study; female; human; incidence; methodology; middle aged; Nigeria; postoperative complication; prognosis; psychological aspect; quality of life; social change; tracheostomy; Adult; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Female; Humans; Incidence; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Postoperative Complications; Prognosis; Quality of Life; Social Change; Tracheostomy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846995098	Evaluation of the pattern and prognostic implications of anti-p53 in hepatocellular carcinoma	Akere A., Otegbayo J.A.	2007	Singapore Medical Journal	48	1	None	Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Univesity of Ibadan, Nigeria	Akere, A., Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Univesity of Ibadan, Nigeria; Otegbayo, J.A., Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Univesity of Ibadan, Nigeria	Introduction: The p53 antigen is oncoprotective and when damaged, leads to production of anti-p53. It also predisposes to various cancers , including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Serum anti-p53 has been proven to have prognostic and other values in patients with HCC. The objectives of this study were to determine the serum pattern, prevalence, diagnostic and prognostic utility of serum anti-p53 in Nigerians with HCC. Methods: 41 subjects with HCC and 45 apparently-healthy controls were matched for age and sex. Serum anti-p53 was determined using p53-autoantibody ELISA kit. Results: The mean age of the patients was 48.9 (+/- 13.8) years, and that of controls was 49.4 (+/- 13.7) years. There was male predominance among the patients, 31 men (75.6 percent) versus ten women (24.4 percent), with a male-to-female ratio of 3.1:1. Similar values among controls were 33 men (73.3 percent) versus 12 women (26.7 percent), with a male-to-female ratio of 2.75:1. Anti-p53 was detectable in the sera of five (12.2 percent) patients and four (8.9 percent) of controls (p-value is greater than 0.05). All the patients with positive sera were males, while one of the controls was a female. Three (60 percent) of the positive patients were in the age range 40-49 years, while in the control group, they were in the age range 50-59 years. Conclusion: There is a low prevalence of serum anti-p53 in our study population, and this is commoner in men. It is also present in the control group and therefore may not be useful as a diagnostic tool in this study population.	Anti-p53; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Serum anti-p53	autoantibody; protein p53; cancer antibody; adult; antibody detection; article; cancer patient; cancer susceptibility; clinical article; controlled study; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; evaluation; female; human; liver cell carcinoma; male; Nigeria; prevalence; prognosis; protein blood level; case control study; immunology; liver tumor; metabolism; middle aged; prospective study; Adult; Antibodies, Neoplasm; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Case-Control Studies; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Prevalence; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-27944452621	Clinical evaluation of pearl millet conophor weaning mix as supplementary food for Nigerian children	Akeredolu I.A., Addo A.A., Akeredolu O.A.	2005	Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology	48	4	None	Department of Physical and Health Education, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria	Akeredolu, I.A., Department of Physical and Health Education, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria; Addo, A.A., Department of Physical and Health Education, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria; Akeredolu, O.A., Department of Physical and Health Education, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria	The purpose of this study was to formulate a weaning diet from pearl millet-conophor nut flour that would promote growth. For PER, BV, NPU and TD values, casein diet was the most superior while millet-conophor diet and soy-ogi diet compared favourably with each other. For the clinical measurements of the experimental rats on the soy - ogi diet and millet-conophor diet, apart from the urinary urea level of the group on millet conophor diet which was much higher than soy-ogi, there was no difference in any of the other parameters measured. It was therefore, concluded that the millet-conophor, diet was favourably well with the soy-ogi.	Clinical evaluation; Conophor; Millet and supplementary food; Weaning mix	Pennisetum glaucum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955941535	Phytochemical and antibacterial evaluations of the stem bark of Newbouldia laevis against isolates from infected wounds and eyes	Akerele J.O., Ayinde B.A., Ngiagah J.	2011	Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research	10	2	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Akerele, J.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Nigeria; Ayinde, B.A., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Ngiagah, J., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Nigeria	Purpose: To examine the phytochemical constituents and verify the ethnomedical claim of Newbouldia laevis (P.Beauv.) Seeman ex Bureau Bignoniaceae in treating septic wounds and eye problems. Methods: Applying standard methods, the phytochemical constituents of the stem bark were examined while the antibacterial potentials of the methanol extract of the stem bark and its organic solvent fractions were tested on clinical bacterial isolates from infected wounds and eyes using the agar - well diffusion method. Ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were used as standard controls. The time-kill kinetics of the methanol stem bark extract and ciprofloxacin were determined using isolates of Staphyloccocus aureus. Results: Phytochemical screening of the stem bark revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins and alkaloids with no traces of cyanogenic glycosides. The 65 bacterial pathogens isolated included Proteus mirabilis (26.0 %) and Pseudomonas aeurginosa (17.4 %) from non-diabetic patients' wounds; Staphylococcus aureus (32.0 %) and Escherichia coli (16.0%) from diabetic patients' wounds; Staphylococcus aureus (35.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (35.3 %) from infected eyes. The chloroform fraction was observed to be more active on Gram- negative organisms while the aqueous fraction was more active on Gram-positive organisms. Time-kill kinetics of Staphylococcus aureus showed that the extract was bactericidal (99.9 % killing) at MIC and 2 x MIC after 24 and 3 hours, respectively. Conclusion: The study has established that the stem bark of Newbouldia laevis has antibacterial activities against bacterial isolates from infected wounds and eyes as claimed in ethnomedicinal practice. © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria.	Antibacterial; Eye isolates; Newbouldia laevis; Phytochemical; Wound isolates	alkaloid; antiinfective agent; chloroform; ciprofloxacin; flavonoid; gentamicin; methanol; Newbouldia laevis extract; plant extract; saponin; tannin; unclassified drug; water; agar diffusion; antibacterial activity; article; bactericidal activity; bacterium isolate; bark; Bignoniaceae; concentration response; controlled study; drug screening; Escherichia coli; eye infection; fractionation; minimum inhibitory concentration; Newbouldia laevis; nonhuman; phytochemistry; Proteus mirabilis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; traditional medicine; wound infection	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41949115259	Diversity performance of a wavelet-packet-based multicarrier multicode CDMA communication system	Akho-Zahieh M.M., Ugweje O.C.	2008	IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology	57	2	10.1109/TVT.2007.906360	Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Applied Science University, Amman 11931, Jordan; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3904, United States; Digital Bridge Institute, Abuja, Nigeria	Akho-Zahieh, M.M., Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Applied Science University, Amman 11931, Jordan; Ugweje, O.C., Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3904, United States, Digital Bridge Institute, Abuja, Nigeria	In this paper, we propose and analyze a novel multicarrier (MC) multicode (MCD) code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system employing wavelet packets (WPs) for modulation. This system can achieve robust performance against multipath fading due to the localization of WPs in the time and frequency domains. The analytical framework is presented, and the system performance with diversity is evaluated by means of bit error rates and the outage probability out. Since WPs have lower sidelobes compared to sinusoidal carriers, our system is very effective in reducing the problem of intercarrier interference. The effects of system parameters (e.g., order of diversity, fading parameters, and WP type) were investigated. The major contribution is to compare the performance of the system to that of the MC/MCD-CDMA system that is based on sinusoidal carriers. The results reveal a considerable performance improvement of our proposed system over the MC/MCD-CDMA system. © 2008 IEEE.	BER; Bit error rate (BER); Diversity; Multicarrier; Multicarrier (MC); Multicode; Multicode (MCD); Outage probability; Wavelet packets; Wavelet packets (WPs)	Bit error rate; Diversity reception; Multicarrier modulation; Multipath fading; Packet switching; Probability; Wave interference; Wavelet analysis; Intercarrier interference; Multicarrier; Multicode; Outage probability; Wavelet packets; Code division multiple access	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881237925	Workforce innovation through mentoring: An action research approach to programme evaluation	Akhurst J., Lawson S.	2013	International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation	20	8	None	York St John University, The University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa	Akhurst, J., York St John University, The University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; Lawson, S.	Background: The North East Neurosciences Network Workforce Innovations Programme used mentoring to develop neuro-practitioners' specialist skills and efficacy in health and social care settings. The programme aimed to improve services and outcomes for and with people living with long-term neurological conditions by enhancing practice and partnership building. This study used action research to evaluate the programme's impact over an 18 month period, in collaboration with a group of 10 mentors, their mentees, and the programme's steering group. Content: This study describes the action research undertaken for evaluating this 18-month mentoring programme, showing how the research questions, data collection and analysis evolved. It demonstrates how the approach facilitated participants' reflections, enabling them to evaluate and improve their practice. The evaluation shows how the programme equipped participants with skills for partnership and community-based approaches. The participants' experiences of using action research in this way are explored; and the challenges that arose in the context of a rapidly-changing health service are described. Conclusions: Noteworthy features of the programme include its evolving collaborative nature, the integration of action research from the start, and the coherence of action research with other elements of the delivery. Changes in participants' approaches illustrate the potential contributions of this type of programme within a community of practice, to develop personal efficacy in a context broader than a 'specialism' and as an alternative to traditional in-service training. Improved ways of working impacted on inter-collegial practice, service delivery and outcomes, translating policy into action. © 2013 MA Healthcare Ltd.	Collaborative action research; Long-term neurological conditions; Mentoring; Partnership; Specialist workforce development	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875098650	International community-based work placements for UK psychology undergraduates: An evaluation of three cohorts' experiences	Akhurst J., Mitchell C.	2012	Psychology Learning and Teaching	11	3	10.2304/plat.2012.11.3.401	York St John University, York, United Kingdom; University of KwaZulu, Natal, South Africa	Akhurst, J., York St John University, York, United Kingdom; Mitchell, C., University of KwaZulu, Natal, South Africa	In the UK, current governmental discourse is placing growing pressure on psychology programmes to demonstrate the development of students' employability skills in an increasingly globalised world, and work-based learning is gaining currency. Many psychology students are motivated to do community-based work, prompted by their desires to contribute to social justice. The authors' purpose in this article is to explore UK psychology students' experiences of community-based work placements in two African contexts. Drawing from data collected from three cohorts of students at the debriefing stage of their studies, they illustrate the richness of the students' learning. Students reported having their cultural preconceptions challenged and the deepening of their cross-cultural awareness. The experiences had an emotional impact on them, and many students reported their desires to help others and the influence on their future planning.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946708220	Trade policy, consumer preference and the performance of textile industry: A case study of Ilorin, North Central Nigeria	A. Kilishi A., Adetunji Babatunde M., S. Bankole A.	2014	International Journal of Commerce and Management	24	3	10.1108/IJCoMA-05-2012-0031	Department of Economics, Trade Policy Research and Training Programme, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Economics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	A. Kilishi, A., Department of Economics, Trade Policy Research and Training Programme, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adetunji Babatunde, M., Department of Economics, Trade Policy Research and Training Programme, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; S. Bankole, A., Department of Economics, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of consumers preferences on textile materials and the impact of consumer preference on performance of textile industry. This is because as consumers have access to a variety of textile products, they strongly developed and shifted preference to foreign sources, which could lead to the eventual demise of many of the textile factories. Design/methodology/approach – The logit model is adopted to describe the behaviour of consumers when faced with a variety of mutually exclusive choices. The model also describes the consumers’ choice of differentiated goods with common consumption objectives but with different characteristics. Findings – Findings revealed that consumers in Nigeria prefer foreign textile to locally made textile. In addition, differences in quality and availability are factors that drive consumer’s preference towards foreign textile. Also, the inefficient performance of the Nigerian textile industry is influenced by limited demand from the domestic market, poor infrastructure and smuggling. Hence, there is a need for innovative entrepreneurship, concentration on quality improvement and alleviating supply constraints. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that examines consumer preferences in the Nigerian textile industry. © 2014, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Consumer; Textile; Trade policy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941646622	Trend analysis in climatic variables and impacts on rice yield in Nigeria	Akinbile C.O., Akinlade G.M., Abolude A.T.	2015	Journal of Water and Climate Change	6	3	10.2166/wcc.2015.044	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Akinbile, C.O., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Akinlade, G.M., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Abolude, A.T., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	The effects of changes in meteorological parameters on rice yield variations were considered. Weather parameters, temperature (T), rainfall (R), relative humidity (RH) and solar radiation (SR), and rice yield variation for Ibadan were analyzed. Meteorological parameters were obtained from the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture while rice yield data were obtained from the Africa Rice Centre both in Nigeria for three decades (1980-2010). Trends analysis of past and recent variations using the weather parameters obtained showed trends of variability of each parameter with respect to rice yield. Mann-Kendall trend and Sen's slope tests were performed on the respective meteorological variables while correlation, multiple regression and variability index (VI) were also computed for these parameters. Results showed that T, RH and rice yield were negative and decreased significantly (P < 0.001) while R and SR showed statistically non-significant increasing trends in the last three decades. R and T decreased at the rate of 3% per year and 0.03% per decade, respectively. Results of annual VI showed that decreases observed in RH, SR and rice yield were rather recent. T, SR and R were found to have the most significant effect on rice yield of all the meteorological parameters considered. © IWA Publishing 2015.	Nigeria; Rice yield; Trend analysis; Weather parameters	Climate change; Meteorological parameters; Meteorological variables; Multiple regressions; Nigeria; Rice yield; Trend analysis; Tropical agriculture; Weather parameters; Balloons; climate change; climate effect; crop yield; multiple regression; rice; trend analysis; Ibadan; Nigeria; Oyo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84951006349	Environmental impact assessment of two polluting sources on stream in Nigeria	Akinbile C.O., Olugbojo W.O., Olubanjo O.O.	2015	International Agricultural Engineering Journal	17	3	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia	Akinbile, C.O., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia; Olugbojo, W.O., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Olubanjo, O.O., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	The environmental impact of locating two polluting sources of landfill (refuse dump) and petrochemicals on Alaba stream in Akure, Nigeria was assessed. Twenty physio-chemical parameters were analyzed for wet and dry seasons respectively with three sampling points within 5m intervals from one another of the two polluting sources on the stream. The parameters include: colour, odour, taste, pH, temperature, turbidity, alkalinity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and total solids (TS). Others were chloride (CL-), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), lead (Pb), nitrate (NO3), sulphate (SO4-2), oil and grease, Escherichia coli (E-coli) and faecal coliform. Some parameters were determined in-situ while others were determined using APHA (2005) standard procedures and results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. All the samples investigated contained a considerable degree of pollution which asserted the pollution of the stream. The results for dry and wet seasons indicated that the conductivity, 353.33±15.0 and 256.67±26.58, Alkalinity, 52.83±16.0 and 90.90±20.98, DO, 0.33±0.08 and 0.48±0.01mg/l, Turbidity, 57.22±7.15 and 8.10±1.70, BOD, 0.20±0.10 and 0.22±0.11, TDS, 0.18±0.16 and 0.46±0.42. E-coli had values 55.37±7.45 and 8.99±3.23, faecal coliform, 241.50±11.64 and 129.83±35.06 and Pb, 13.72±7.68 and 11.88±5.20 respectively. Others were sulphate, 1298.33±422.52 and 1273.33±423.77, nitrate, 6.40±0.96, chloride, 0.33±0.12. Most of the values (with the exception of pH and alkalinity) were above the maximum permissible levels of FAO, WHO and NSDWQ standards and parameters such as pH, turbidity, DO, BOD, Pb, E-coli and faecal coliform decreased as the distance from the polluting sources increased. Statistical analyses showed significant differences at specific confidence levels while treatment of Alaba stream is required to achieve minimum acceptable level for domestic uses, public awareness on the dangers inherent in polluting the stream should be carried out.	Akure; Landfill; Microbiological parameters; Petrochemical; Physico-chemical parameters; Pollution; Stream	Alkalinity; Biochemical oxygen demand; Chemical analysis; Chlorine compounds; Dissolved oxygen; Environmental impact assessments; Escherichia coli; Land fill; Lead; Nitrates; Petrochemicals; pH; Pollution; River pollution; Statistical methods; Turbidity; Akure; Degree of pollutions; Dry and wet seasons; Micro-biological parameters; Physico - chemical parameters; Stream; Total dissolved solids; Total suspended solids; Environmental impact	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859239041	Environmental impact of landfill on groundwater quality and agricultural soils in Nigeria	Akinbile C.O.	2012	Soil and Water Research	7	1	None	School of Civil Engineering, University Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal, Penang 14300, Malaysia; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Akinbile, C.O., School of Civil Engineering, University Sains Malaysia (USM), Nibong Tebal, Penang 14300, Malaysia, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Physical, chemical and bacteriological analyses were carried out of water samples from three boreholes located near a landfill, and or soil samples at Akure, Nigeria, to ascertain the effect of the dumpsite on the groundwater and soil quality. The samples from borehole locations with radial distances of 50, 80, and 100 m, respectively, away from the landfill and twelve soil samples collected at distances 0 (dump centre), 10, 20, and 30 m away from the refuse dump were analysed. The parameters determined were the turbidity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), total iron, nitrate, nitrite, chloride, calcium and heavy metals like copper, zinc, and lead. Most of these parameters indicated pollution but were below the World Health Organization (WHO) limits for consumption. The pH ranged from 5.7 to 6.8 indicating toxic pollution, the turbidity values were between 1.6 and 6.6 NTU, and the temperature ranged from 26.5°C to 27.5°C. The concentrations of iron, nitrate, nitrite and calcium ranged from 0.9 to 1.4, 30 to 61, 0.7 to 0.9, and 17 to 122 mg/l, respectively. Out of heavy metals, zinc ranged between 3.3 and 5.4 mg/l and lead ranged from 1.1 to 1.2 mg/l. Soil water holding capacity, porosity, pH, organic matter, organic carbon and organic nitrogen ranged from 38 to 54, 44 to 48, 6.9-7.5, 2.44-4.27, 1.42-2.48, and 0.12-0.21%, respectively. Statistical analyses indicated significant differences at 95% level. The results showed that all the boreholes were not strongly polluted but require treatment before use while the soil is absolutely unsuitable for the crop production. Re-designing of sanitary landfills to prevent leachate from getting to the water table, adoption of clean technology for recycling greenhouse gases and a sustainable land management programme for reclamation are recommended.	Chemical land use; Parameters; Pollution; Wastes; Water	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929847425	Determinants of SMEs growth and performance in Cameroon’s central and littoral provinces’ manufacturing and retail sectors	Akinboade O.A.	2015	African Journal of Economic and Management Studies	6	2	10.1108/AJEMS-03-2013-0033	Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Akinboade, O.A., Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss growth and performance of small- and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) in Central and Littoral provinces of Cameroon’s manufacturing and retail sectors. Design/methodology/approach – A full survey of 700 randomly selected SMEs owner-managers was conducted though only 575 enterprises were retained for analysis after performing the coherence test. The survey was conducted in the central and littoral regions, the location of almost 70 per cent of the SMEs in Cameroon. The survey questionnaire administered consisted of about 50-60 questions covering the profile of the business owner, and business growth and performance. The full sample consists mainly of enterprises in the tertiary and secondary sectors. They were mostly retails and wholesales (supermarket, hardware shop, clothing shop, perfume shops and liquor store). Although, the secondary sector contributes 31 per cent of Cameroon's GDP and employs 15 per cent of the population, they are mostly large enterprises, with very few SMEs. Hence few businesses were interviewed in this sector. Findings – Business location affects turnover growth. The likelihood of negative growth or zero growth decreases with the age of enterprise. Increased levels of education result in improved turnover growth. There is no association of gender of with growth of business turnover. The burden imposed by municipal regulation and compliance with it negatively affects turnover growth. Time taken to be in compliance with tax regulations overall also negatively affects turnover growth. Social implications – Disseminating regulatory information to SMEs would be useful in order to improve compliance in general and newly formed enterprises located in the Littoral Province in particular. It is important to reduce regulatory burden on SMEs overall. Restrictive trade and business regulations in Africa tend to be largely devised through negotiated settlements with large corporates, and the onerous requirements tend to be inappropriate and out of reach for small, medium and micro firms. The business environment in the Littoral Province should be improved. Originality/value – Studies that examine econometric determinants of the growth of SMEs in Africa, and especially in Cameroon are few indeed. This is an area that is very crucial to examine and fully understand for policy development. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Cameroon; Growth and performance; Small and medium size enterprises	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57349097741	The impact of Nigerian business environment on the survival of small-scale ceramic industries: Case study, South-Western Nigeria	Akinbogun T.L.	2008	Journal of Asian and African Studies	43	6	10.1177/0021909608096659	Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Industrial Design, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Akinbogun, T.L., Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria, Department of Industrial Design, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	The manufacturing sector at all levels is performing below-expectation in Nigeria. Many sectors, such as ceramic industry, glass industry and textile industry among others, are facing difficult times. The non-performance has been traced mainly to the unfavourable economic environment. A survey of small-scale ceramic enterprises established in south-western Nigeria from post-independence Nigeria of 1960 to 2004 was carried out in this study; their characteristics in terms of the facilities available for production, types of wares produced and current situation were examined. The study examined this against the business environment in Nigeria. It gave suggestions on how the necessary infrastructures and polices that enhance business environment could be harnessed to make small-scale ceramic production viable in Nigeria. © 2008 SAGE Publications.	Business-environment; Business-survival; Ceramics industry; Small-scale industries	business development; ceramics; glass; industrial production; small and medium-sized enterprise; survey; textile industry; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888225341	Spermatotoxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic evaluation of aqueous extract of Ocimum gratissimum in albino mice	Akinboro A., Bakare A.A.	2013	Open Access Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants	4	1	None	Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Environmental Unit, Department of Pure and Appl	Akinboro, A., Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Bakare, A.A., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Environmental Unit, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiaceae) is an alternative medicine as well as food condiment in African and Asian countries. Information on its safe consumption is important considering its wide utilization. The potential effects of aqueous extract of this plant on cell division, chromosome structure and sperm morphology in mice were investigated. The Inductions of chromosomal aberrations and abnormal sperm cells were not dose dependent. However, these were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) in male mice at 8% and at all concentrations except at 10% for the bone marrow metaphase and sperm morphology tests, respectively. Aberrant sperm cell in form of tail folded over head was observed most. These observations suggest possible mutagenic activity of the aqueous extract of O. gratissimum in albino mice.	Aqueous extract; Chromosome; Mitotic index; Ocimum gratissimum; Sperm cells	cyclophosphamide; Ocimum gratissimum extract; albino; animal cell; animal experiment; animal model; aqueous solution; article; bone marrow cell; chromosome aberration; concentration (parameters); cytotoxicity; female; genotoxicity; male; metaphase chromosome; mouse; mutagenic activity; nonhuman; semen abnormality; spermatozoon abnormality; spermatozoon head; spermatozoon tail	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887492044	The impacts of first line highly active antiretroviral therapy on serum selenium, cd4 count and body mass index: A cross sectional and short prospective study	Akinboro A.O., Onayemi O., Ayodele O.E., Mejiuni A.D., Atiba A.S.	2013	Pan African Medical Journal	15	None	10.11604/pamj.2013.15.97.2524	Department of Internal Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology and LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Obafemi Awolowo University and OAUTHC, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Bullsbro	Akinboro, A.O., Department of Internal Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology and LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Obafemi Awolowo University and OAUTHC, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Onayemi, O., Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Obafemi Awolowo University and OAUTHC, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, Bullsbrook Medical Practice, Perth, Australia; Ayodele, O.E., Department of Internal Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology and LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Obafemi Awolowo University and OAUTHC, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Mejiuni, A.D., Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Obafemi Awolowo University and OAUTHC, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, Bullsbrook Medical Practice, Perth, Australia; Atiba, A.S., Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Obafemi Awolowo University and OAUTHC, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, Department of Chemical Pathology, Ekiti state University and Ekiti State Teaching Hospital, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Introduction: The relationship that exists between body weights, serum selenium and immunological markers of HIV/AIDS continue to provoke more researches in the recent times. The objectives of this study were to examine baseline body mass index, CD4 count and serum selenium and to prospectively assess the impacts of HAART on same parameters 48 weeks post HAART among HIV patients. Methods: A cohort comprising 140 newly diagnosed HIV positive were prospectively studied. Anthropometric measurements, serum selenium and CD4 count were assessed at diagnosis and 48 weeks post HAART. Results: The mean age for patients was 35±8.8 years; 68% was female. Patients' mean weight was 56.79±10.22kg, BMI; 21.59±3.53, serum selenium; 0.55 ± 0.45μmol/L and CD4 count; 288.36 ± 232.23 at the baseline. At diagnosis, 47 (33.6%) were in stage 1, 49 (35.0%) in stage 2, 26 (18.6%) and 18 (12.9%) were in stage 3 and 4 respectively. Similarly, most patients had normal body mass index, 94 (67.14%), 26 (18.57%) were underweight, (12.86%) were overweight and two (1.43%) were obese at diagnosis. At 48 weeks post HAART, the mean weight, BMI, serum selenium and CD4 count were significantly increased. Conclusion: HAART repleted CD4 count and serum selenium, Post HAART overweight was associated with lesser CD4 count reconstitution and selenium repletion. A renew call for weight monitoring in HAART era. © Adeolu Oladayo Akinboro et al.	BMI; CD4 count; HAART; HIV/AIDS; Selenium	efavirenz plus lamivudine plus zidovudine; lamivudine plus nevirapine plus zidovudine; selenium; selenium; adult; article; body mass; body weight; CD4 lymphocyte count; cohort analysis; controlled study; cross-sectional study; disease classification; female; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; obesity; outcome assessment; prospective study; selenium blood level; treatment outcome; underweight; blood; epidemiology; HIV Infections; middle aged; Nigeria; Overweight; Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Body Mass Index; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Overweight; Prospective Studies; Selenium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900536218	Employee performance measurement and performance appraisal policy in an organisation	Akinbowale M.A., Lourens M.E., Jinabhai D.C.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	9	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n9p342	Department of Human Resources Management, Durban University of Technology, KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Akinbowale, M.A., Department of Human Resources Management, Durban University of Technology, KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Lourens, M.E., Department of Human Resources Management, Durban University of Technology, KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Jinabhai, D.C., Department of Human Resources Management, Durban University of Technology, KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Performance appraisal policy has been viewed by organizations and human resources practitioners as an effective tool for human resources management. However, effective performance appraisal policy remains a practical challenge to managers and employees because of cognitive, motivational and behavioural factors. There are various methods of performance appraisal. In fact, each organization may have its own unique policy and method of appraisal. In one organization, it may be continuing and informal where personal opinion of a superior about his/her subordinates may be the basis of appraisal. In another, it may be well-defined and a particular policy and approach may be followed by all managers. Usually the method of performance appraisal dictates the time and effort spent by both supervisors and employees and determines which areas of performance are emphasized. Ideally, a performance appraisal policy should be objective, accurate and easy to perform.	Appraisal; Concepts; Employee; Measurement; Perception; Performance; Policy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920437193	Techno-economic and environmental evaluation of demand side management techniques for rural electrification in Ibadan, Nigeria	Akinbulire T.O., Oluseyi P.O., Babatunde O.M.	2014	International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering	5	4	10.1007/s40095-014-0132-2	Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Akinbulire, T.O., Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Oluseyi, P.O., Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Babatunde, O.M., Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	According to the United Nation Development Programme, access to modern low-cost energy systems in developing countries is important in the realization of the globally agreed developmental goals, as well as the Millennium Development Goals, and sustainable development, which would assist in the reduction of poverty and to improve the conditions and quality of life for the greater part of the world’s population. Planners have suggested hybrid energy system for the electrification of rural areas worldwide. This study investigates the techno-economic and environmental effect of applying demand side management (DSM) activities to rural loads before design and sizing of hybrid energy systems for such community. Iporin a rural area in Ibadan, Nigeria which is endowed with an average daily solar radiation of 3.84 kWh/m2/day was taken as a case study. The total daily consumption which was initially estimated as 297 kWh/day after the application of DSM techniques dropped to 130 kWh/day representing a decrease of 56.80 %. Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables software was used for simulation and optimization purpose. Parameters such as DSM index, net present cost, and emission level were used in determining the effect of the DSM technique. Overall, the DSM activities proved to be more economical and environmental friendly. © 2014, The Author(s).	Demand side management; Energy efficiency; HOMER; Hybrid energy system; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749344765	Evaluation of the antidiarrhoeal activity of Byrsocarpus coccineus	Akindele A.J., Adeyemi O.O.	2006	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	108	1	10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.038	Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Akindele, A.J., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Adeyemi, O.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Based on its use in traditional African medicine, the antidiarrhoeal activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Byrsocarpus coccineus, Connaraceae, was evaluated on normal and castor oil-induced intestinal transit, castor oil-induced diarrhoea, enteropooling and gastric emptying. The extract (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a significant (P &lt; 0.05) dose dependent decrease in propulsion in the castor oil-induced intestinal transit in mice. The mean peristaltic index (%) for these doses of extract, control (distilled water; 10 ml/kg, p.o.) and morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) were 55.27 ± 1.86, 53.12 ± 3.73, 38.60 ± 3.79, 30.25 ± 1.27, 89.33 ± 5.62 and 20.29 ± 3.38, respectively. The effect of the extract at the highest dose was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) lower than that of the standard drug. This effect was antagonised by yohimbine (1 mg/kg, s.c.) but not by isosorbide dinitrate (IDN, 150 mg/kg, p.o.). At 200 mg/kg, the extract produced a significant decrease in propulsion in normal intestinal transit. In a dose dependent manner, it delayed the onset of diarrhoea, produced a significant decrease in the frequency of defaecation, severity of diarrhoea and protected the mice treated with castor oil. Mean diarrhoea scores were 30.83 ± 1.72, 22.40 ± 1.71, 21.43 ± 1.32, 13.80 ± 0.33, 18.00 ± 3.94 and 7.67 ± 2.41 for control, extract (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and morphine, respectively. This effect was not antagonized by IDN. The extract (400 mg/kg) significantly decreased the volume (ml) of intestinal fluid secretion induced by castor oil (0.60 ± 0.23) compared with 1.27 ± 0.12 for control. However, there was no significant effect on gastric emptying. The results obtained suggest that Byrsocarpus coccineus possesses antidiarrhoeal activity due to its inhibitory effect on gastrointestinal propulsion, mediated through α2 adrenoceptors, and also inhibition of fluid secretion. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, reducing sugars, glycosides and anthraquinones. © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antidiarrhoeal; Byrsocarpus coccineus; Castor oil-induced diarrhoea; Intestinal transit	alpha 2 adrenergic receptor; Byrsocarpus coccineus extract; castor oil; isosorbide dinitrate; morphine; plant extract; unclassified drug; water; yohimbine; acute toxicity; animal experiment; animal model; antidiarrheal activity; article; Byrsocarpus coccineus; controlled study; diarrhea; dose response; drug activity; female; gastrointestinal motility; intestine fluid; intestine motility; intestine secretion; intestine transit time; male; medicinal plant; mouse; nonhuman; peristalsis; rat; stomach emptying; Animals; Antidiarrheals; Connaraceae; Diarrhea; Female; Gastrointestinal Transit; Male; Mice; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Preparations; Rats; Byrsocarpus coccineus; Connaraceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84895076158	Evaluation of the antidiarrhoeal activity of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Pupalia lappacea Linn. Juss. (Amaranthaceae)	Akindele A.J., Salako O.A., Ohonbamu U.V.	2014	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	151	2	10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.013	Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003 Lagos, Nigeria	Akindele, A.J., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003 Lagos, Nigeria; Salako, O.A., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003 Lagos, Nigeria; Ohonbamu, U.V., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology (PTT), College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003 Lagos, Nigeria	Ethnopharmacological Relevance Pupalia lappacea is a medicinal plant found in savannah and woodland localities and forest path sides from Senegal to Southern Nigeria. It has been used in the management of diarrhoea in Nigerian traditional medicine. This study was designed to evaluate the antidiarrhoeal activity of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Pupalia lappacea (PL). Materials and methods The antidiarrhoeal activity of PL was evaluated using the normal and castor oil-induced intestinal transit, castor oil-induced diarrhoea, gastric emptying and intestinal fluid accumulation tests in rodents. Results PL (100-400 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a significant dose-dependent decrease in normal and castor oil-induced intestinal transit compared with the control group (distilled water 10 ml/kg, p.o.). This effect was significantly (P&lt;0.05) inhibited by pilocarpine (1 mg/kg, s.c.) but not by yohimbine (10 mg/kg, s.c.), prazosin (1 mg/kg, s.c.), or propranolol (1 mg/kg, i.p.). The extract produced a dose-dependent and significant increase in the onset of diarrhoea. PL (100-400 mg/kg) also reduced the diarrhoea score, number and weight of wet stools. The in-vivo antidiarrhoeal index (ADIin vivo) of 56.95% produced by the extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg was lower compared to that produced by loperamide 5 mg/kg (77.75%). However, PL (400 mg/kg) significantly increased gastric emptying in rats but significantly reduced the volume of intestinal content in the intestinal fluid accumulation test. Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, and fixed oils and fats. The acute toxicity studies revealed that the extract is relatively safe when given orally; no death was recorded at a dose of 10 g/kg. Conclusion Results showed that the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Pupalia lappacea possesses antidiarrhoeal activity possibly mediated by antimuscarinic receptor activity. © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Antidiarrhoeal activity; Castor oil; Intestinal transit; Loperamide; Pupalia lappacea	Antidiarrhoeal activity; Castor oil; Intestinal transit; Loperamide; Pupalia lappacea; Amaranthaceae; Animals; Antidiarrheals; Castor Oil; Diarrhea; Ethanol; Female; Gastric Emptying; Gastrointestinal Transit; Male; Mice; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Solvents; Toxicity Tests, Acute; Water	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80655146436	Evaluation of different processing methods on the nutrient composition of broiler litter and its utilization by weaner pigs in the tropics	Akinfala E.O., Komolafe O.B.	2011	Livestock Research for Rural Development	23	11	None	Department of Animal Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria	Akinfala, E.O., Department of Animal Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; Komolafe, O.B., Department of Animal Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria	This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different processing methods on the nutrient composition of broiler litter and its replacement value with palm kernel cake in the diets of weaner pigs on the performance, hematological indices and economics of production of growing pigs for eight weeks. Four experimental diets were formulated. Diet 1 which had 0% processed broiler litter served as the control, while diets 2, 3 and 4 contained 20% of ensiled, composted and sun-dried broiler litter respectively. A total of about ten weeks old sixteen weaner pigs (large white x Hampshire) with an initial mean body weight of 8.41 + 2.59kg were used in this study in a completely randomized design. There were four pigs per treatment and each pig represents a replicate. The results of this study showed that the different processing methods of ensiling, composting and sun drying affected (p &lt; 0.05) the nutrient composition of broiler litter especially at the level of crude protein and crude fibre. The results further showed that average final body weight (20.0 - 21.2kg) and feed/gain ratio (2.35 - 2.64) were not affected (p &gt; 0.05) by the dietary treatments. The average daily gain (218 - 246g) with highest value occurring in diet 1 and lowest in diet 4 and average daily feed intake (560 - 578g) with highest value in diet 1 and lowest value in diet 3 were affected (p &lt; 0.05) by the dietary treatments. The hematological indices such as packed cell volume (29 - 33%), red blood cell (6.70 - 7.00 x 10 6/mol 3) and white blood cell (9,600 - 11,800 x 10 3ul) were not affected (p&gt;0.05) by the dietary treatments. The economics of production results obtained showed that it was more economical to raise pigs using broiler litter at 20% of the diet. The results obtained from this study showed that processing methods such as ensiling, composting and sun-drying improved the nutrient composition of broiler litter and more over, processed broiler litter can be included up to 20% in the diet of growing pigs without any deleterious affect on the performance, hematological indices and economics of production in the diet of growing pig in the tropics.	Broiler litter; Experimental animals; Experimental diets; Hematology; Heterotrophic bacteria; Nutrient composition; Performance; Processed broiler litter; Weaner pigs	Animalia; Bacteria (microorganisms); Pieris brassicae; Suidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865661016	Evaluation of nutritive values of tropical feed sources and by-products using in vitro gas production technique in ruminant animals	Akinfemi A., Adua M.M., Adu O.A.	2012	Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture	24	4	None	Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia Campus, PMB 135, Lafia, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Akinfemi, A., Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia Campus, PMB 135, Lafia, Nigeria; Adua, M.M., Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia Campus, PMB 135, Lafia, Nigeria; Adu, O.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Nutritive value and fermentation characteristics of beans pods (BPS), dussa (fermented sorghum wastes) (DSS), groundnut shells (GNS) and maize offal (MZO) were evaluated by measuring the gas production in vitro for a period of 96 h. The crude protein (CP) contents were 12.24, 2.17, 7.39 and 2.54 % for BPS, DSS, GNS and MZO respectively. MZO showed the highest level of gas cumulative gas production all levels of incubation. The NDF, ADF and ADL were significantly different (p<0.05) among the agricultural wastes used in this study. The BPS, GNS and MZO showed the highest levels of NDF and ADF. The cumulative gas production for GNS was significantly (p<0.05) lower in comparison with other agricultural wastes. The fractional fermentation rate (c) at different times of incubation was high for DSS, BPS and MZO and lowest for GNS. Fermentation of the insoluble fraction (b) followed the same pattern. The short chain fatty acid (SCFA) ranged from 0.370 to 0.695 μm while organic matter digestibility (OMD) ranged from 39.27 to 49.63 %. Beans pod exhibited the greatest estimated Metabolisable Energy (ME), SCFA and OMD. This result suggests that the tropical feed sources under study are all potential sources of energy for ruminant animals.	In-vitro gas production; Nutritive value; Ruminant; Tropical feeds	Animalia; Arachis hypogaea; Bovidae; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70450174230	Use of white rot-fungi in upgrading maize straw and, the resulting impact on chemical composition and in-vitro digestibility	Akinfemi A., Adu O.A., Adebiyi O.A.	2009	Livestock Research for Rural Development	21	10	None	Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Shabu-Lafia, Nigeria; Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ib	Akinfemi, A., Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Shabu-Lafia, Nigeria; Adu, O.A., Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adebiyi, O.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Studies were carried out for 40 days on the conversion of maize straw into value added ruminant feed using two white-rot fungi: Pleurotus sajor caju and Pleurotus pulmonarius in a solid state fermentation. The chemical composition and in- vitro digestibility of the resulting substrate were determined. The results of the study showed that the crude protein (CP) increased from 7.37% for the control (UM) to 9.66% for the Pleurotus pulmonarius degraded maize straw (PPM) and Pleurotus sajor caju degraded maize straw (PSM). The ether extracts (EE) and ash contents also follow the same trend. On the contrary, Crude Fiber fractions (Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), Acid detergent fiber (ADF),acid detergent lignin (ADL), cellulose and hemicellulose) decreased significantly (p<0.05) during the period of solid state fermentation. The estimated short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and metabolisable energy (ME) were not significantly different (p>0.05).Organic matter digestibility (OMD) were enhanced by the fungi used compared with the untreated straw. Gas volume also follows the same trend while the rate of gas production constant (c) was highest in UM and PSM. This study shows that the fungal treatment of maize straw enhanced the chemical composition and in -vitro digestibility.	Fermentation; Fungi; Pleurotus pulmonarius; Pleurotus sajor caju; Ruminant	Bovidae; Fungi; Pleurotus; Pleurotus pulmonarius; Pleurotus sajor-caju; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901591426	Rhodinol-based incense testiculotoxicity in albino rats: Testicular histology, spermatogenic and biochemical evaluations	Akingbade A.M., Saalu L.C., Oyebanji O.O., Oyeniran D.A., Akande O.O., Akunna G.G.	2014	Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology	9	2	10.3923/jpt.2014.68.81	Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, Federal University Nudfu-Alike Ikwo, Ebony State, Nigeria	Akingbade, A.M., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Saalu, L.C., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Oyebanji, O.O., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Oyeniran, D.A., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Akande, O.O., Department of Anatomy, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Akunna, G.G., Department of Anatomy, Federal University Nudfu-Alike Ikwo, Ebony State, Nigeria	This study evaluates the testicular degeneration induced by Rhodinol-based incense using testicular histology, sperm characteristics, as well as testicular oxidative status bio-markers. Twenty four male adult albino rats (10-12 weeks old) weighing 200-230 g were divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) of six rats each. Group A served as the control group and the animals in this group were exposed to 1 g of natural solid air freshner. Groups B, C and D, were exposed to 1, 2 and 3 g of rhodinol-based incense smoke, respectively for 30-40 min every day for 62 days. All the exposures were via whole body inhalation. The animals were sacrificed 24 h after. The results obtained from this study showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the gross anatomical parameters of absolute and relative testicular weights in rats exposed to 2 g and 3 g rhodinol based incense when compared to the control group. The rhodinol-based incense exposed groups of rats also demonstrated a reduction of basal seminiferous epithelia, testicular atrophy, germinal aplasia and hypo-spermatozoa formation. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in sperm count, sperm motility, normal sperm morphology and a significant (p<0.05) increase in total abnormal sperm morphology in group of animals exposed to 2 and 3 g rhodinol-based incense when compared to the control group. In addition, groups of animals exposed to 2 and 3 g rhodinol-based incense demonstrated a derangement in their oxidative status when compared to the control group as evidence by the significant (p<0.05) decreased in activities of superoxide peroxidase, catalase, glutathione, reduced glutathione and significant (p<0.05) increase malondialdehyde (a product of lipid perioxidation). Taken together, it was concluded that rhodinol-based incense produces testicular derangement in testicular histology, sperm parameters and oxidative status in albino rats. This derangement may be mediated at least in part through the oxidative pathway. © 2014 Academic Journals Inc.	Histology; Infertility; Oxidative stress; Rats; Rhodinol	catalase; endocrine disruptor; glutathione; malonaldehyde; rhodinol; superoxide dismutase; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; biochemistry; controlled study; enzyme activity; histology; male; nonhuman; oxidative stress; rat; seminiferous tubule epithelium; spermatogenesis; spermatozoon count; spermatozoon motility; testiculotoxicity; testis atrophy; testis weight; toxicity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84918786965	Performance modeling of proposed guiset middleware for mobile healthcare services in E-marketplaces	Akingbesote A.O., Adigun M.O., Xulu S., Jembere E.	2014	Journal of Applied Mathematics	2014	None	10.1155/2014/248293	Department of Computer Science, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa	Akingbesote, A.O., Department of Computer Science, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa; Adigun, M.O., Department of Computer Science, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa; Xulu, S., Department of Computer Science, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa; Jembere, E., Department of Computer Science, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa	GUISET is a proposed middleware engine currently under study in South Africa. The goal is to provide utility services for small, medium, and macroenterprises in the context of mobile e-services. Three things are important to make this engine effective and efficient: the implementation, performance, and the pricing strategy. The literature has delved richly into implementation issue of similar projects. Both the performance and the pricing strategy issues have not been fully discussed especially in the context of mobile healthcare services. Some literature has addressed the performance issue using the exogenous nonpriority and the preemptive model. However, with providers offering different services using that approach may prove to be difficult to implement. This work extends existing and widely adopted theories to non-preemptive model by using the queuing theory and the simulation model in the context of mobile healthcare services. Our evaluation is based on non-preemptive priority and nonpriority discipline. Our results reveal that the unconditional average waiting time remains the same with reduction in waiting time over the non-preemptive priority model in four out of the five classes observed. This is envisaged to be beneficial in mobile healthcare services where events are prioritized and urgent attention is needed to be given to urgent events. © 2014 Alaba Olu Akingbesote et al.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952649928	Chemical composition of the dry fruit of Tetrapleura tetraptera and its potential impact on human health	Akin-Idowu P.E., Ibitoye D.O., Ademoyegun O.T., Adeniyi O.T.	2011	Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants	17	1	10.1080/10496475.2011.560087	Fruits and Biotechnology Programme, National Horticultural Research Institute, P. M. B. 5432, Idi-Ishin, Ibadan, Nigeria; Crop Utilization Unit, National Horticultural Research Institute, Idi-Ishin, Ibadan, Nigeria; Crop Utilization Unit, International In	Akin-Idowu, P.E., Fruits and Biotechnology Programme, National Horticultural Research Institute, P. M. B. 5432, Idi-Ishin, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ibitoye, D.O., Fruits and Biotechnology Programme, National Horticultural Research Institute, P. M. B. 5432, Idi-Ishin, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ademoyegun, O.T., Crop Utilization Unit, National Horticultural Research Institute, Idi-Ishin, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adeniyi, O.T., Crop Utilization Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria	The chemical composition of Tetrapleura tetraptera, used traditionally as a spice and in African folk medicine, was determined. The proximate composition (%) based on dry weight was ash (3.17 to 3.48); crude protein (5.13 to 8.65); sugar (3.29 to 39.63); and starch (7.56 to 29.10). The mineral content (mg/kg) based on dry weight was Fe (29.69 to 65.06); Zn (5.35 to 25.16); Cu (4.00 to 12.54); Mg (392.35 to 2951.28); Mn (16.23 to 178.91);, Na (119.48 to 2364.93); Ca (1348.63 to 13839.86); K (8631.09 to 14881.00); and B (1.14 to 6.23). The sugar, starch, Zn, Cu, Mg, Mn, Na, Ca; and K contents were different in different sections of the fruit (p < 0 .05). The phytochemicals (mg/100 g) based on dry weight were total polyphenol (38.05 to 2907.15); flavonoid (10.30 to 410.75); saponin (60.80 to 953.40); tannin (135.50 to 1097.50); and phytate (1021.00 to 5170.00). The phytochemical composition in the fruits was generally high and comparable to other commonly used spices, indicating the potential use of T. tetraptera as a source of these phytochemicals in traditional medicine. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	folk medicine; phytate; phytochemicals; spice; tannin; total polyphenols	boron; calcium; copper; flavonoid; iron; magnesium; manganese; phytate; polyphenol; potassium; saponin; sodium; starch; sugar; tannin; vegetable protein; zinc; chemical composition; fruit; health impact; legume; medicinal plant; phenol; phytochemistry; protein; public health; starch; sugar; tannin; traditional medicine; article; ash; chemical composition; concentration (parameters); dry weight; fruit; nonhuman; plant seed; Tetrapleura; tetrapleura tetraptera; Tetrapleura tetraptera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897449492	Oil price shocks and macroeconomic performance in Nigeria [Shock de precios del petróleo y el desempeño macroeconómico de Nigeria]	Akinleye S.O., Ekpo S.	2013	Economia Mexicana, Nueva Epoca	22	4	None	Department of Economics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Akinleye, S.O., Department of Economics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Ekpo, S., Department of Economics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	This paper examines the macroeconomic implications of symmetric and asymmetric oil price and oil revenue shocks in Nigeria, using the vector autoregressive (VAR) estimation technique. The paper finds that both positive and negative oil price shocks influence real government expenditure only in the long run rather than in the short run, while examining positive and negative shocks to external reserves revealed stronger implications for expenditure in the long run, with positive rather than negative oil price shocks having stronger short and long run effects on real gdp, and therefore triggering inflationary pressure and domestic currency depreciation as importation rises. This implies that the country exhibits the Dutch disease syndrome in the short and long run. However, results obtained show that oil revenue shocks are capable of impeding economic growth only in the long run while raising general price levels marginally in the short run after the initial shocks, with evidence of serious threat to interest rate and the domestic currency in the short and medium term, as the volume of imports increases significantly along with the external reserves. Findings on the asymmetric effects of oil revenue shocks revealed that positive shocks to oil revenue stimulate expansionary fiscal posture in the Nigerian economy in the short run in line with theory, thereby creating inflationary pressure and domestic currency depreciation. The combined implications of these discoveries suggest the need for proper coordination of fiscal and monetary policy for sustainable macroeconomic stability to be achieved.	Macroeconomic performance; Oil price shocks; Oil revenue; VAR	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931559925	Evaluation of antioxidant potentials of Morinda morindoides leaf extract	Akinloye D.I., Sunmonu T.O., Omotainse S.O., Balogun E.A.	2015	Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry	97	2	10.1080/02772248.2015.1031667	Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Departmen	Akinloye, D.I., Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Sunmonu, T.O., Department of Biological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria; Omotainse, S.O., Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Balogun, E.A., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	This study investigated antioxidant status of animals given aqueous extract of Morinda morindoides leaves using the levels of reduced glutathione, total-thiol, vitamin C, and vitamin E as well as malondialdehyde concentrations as indices, and its in vitro antioxidant capacity. Thirty rats divided into five groups were used. Group A served as control and were administered distilled water while groups B, C, D, and E were given 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg per kilogram body weight of water-extracted constituents of M. morindoides for 28 days. Total phenolic compounds amounted to 83.6 ± 5.9 mg g−1 gallic acid equivalent, while total flavonoid content was 9.5 ± 0.9 mg g−1 pyrocathecol equivalent. Malondialdehyde in plasma was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner, ranging from 21% in groups B and C to 84% in groups D and E. Vitamins C and E were significantly increased, in group E by 91% and 17% compared with control. Total thiols and glutathione in plasma were significantly increased, with group E having 2.5-fold and 4.2-fold higher values than control. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.	antioxidant; evaluation; leaf extract; Morinda morindoides	Aldehydes; Peptides; Antioxidant capacity; Antioxidant potential; Dose-dependent manner; evaluation; Leaf extracts; Morinda morindoides; Total flavonoid contents; Total phenolic compounds; Antioxidants; antioxidant; aqueous solution; concentration (composition); dicotyledon; dose-response relationship; leaf; phenolic compound; plant extract; plasma; Animalia; Morinda morindoides; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869747827	Nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity evaluation in wistar albino rats exposed to Nauclea latifolia leaf extracts	Akinloye O.A., Olaniyi M.O.	2012	Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science	35	3	None	Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun-State, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun-S	Akinloye, O.A., Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun-State, Nigeria; Olaniyi, M.O., Department of Veterinary of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun-State, Nigeria	Consumption of the aqueous leaf extract of Nauclea latifolia as anti-malaria concoction without any recourse or regard for its safety is a common practice in the Northern Nigeria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety efficacies of the ingestion of the methanolic leaf extract of this plant on the liver and kidney functions in wistar albino rats. Acute toxicity tests were carried out to determine LD50, while sub-chronic toxicity study was carried out by oral administration of graded doses (200, 400, 800, 1600 and 3200mg/Kg) of the extract to different groups of rats for 30 days. Both the liver and kidney functions assessed biochemically using standard methods revealed the LD50 of N. latifolia at 3200mg/Kg body weight as being non-lethal. Meanwhile, biochemical and histological results obtained for the liver and kidney function parameters indicated that ingestion of N. latifolia leaf extract has no observable toxic effects on these organs at the tested doses. It was therefore suggested that these results could form the basis for clinical trial in human. © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.	Hepatotoxicity; Nauclea latifolia Nephrotoxicity; Wistar albino rats	Nauclea latifolia; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960718676	Evaluation of hypolipidemic and potential antioxidant effects of Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (l) mill sp.) leaves in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats	Akinloye O.A., Solanke O.O.	2011	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	5	12	None	Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun-State, Nigeria	Akinloye, O.A., Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun-State, Nigeria; Solanke, O.O., Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240 Abeokuta, Ogun-State, Nigeria	Antioxidant and hypolipidemic activity of the methanolic leaf extract from Cajanus cajan was carried out in alloxan induced hyperglycemic rats. A significant (p<0.05) reduction in the levels of blood glucose, serum triglyceride, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein cholesterol was observed in the hyperglycemic-extract treated rats. The administration of the extract (200 mg/kg) also caused a reduction in urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde levels in hyperglycemic rats. The extract was found to be able bring about 34.4 and 32.16% decrease in the activities of ALT and AST respectively in the hyperglycemic-treated rats compared to untreated group. Antioxidant activity of the extract was also confirmed through in vitro studies. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Antioxidant activity; Cajanus cajan; Hypolipidemic effect	alanine aminotransferase; alloxan; antioxidant; aspartate aminotransferase; Cajanus cajan extract; creatinine; glibenclamide; glucose; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; malonaldehyde; plant extract; triacylglycerol; unclassified drug; urea; animal experiment; animal model; antioxidant activity; article; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; creatinine blood level; drug efficacy; drug safety; enzyme activity; glucose blood level; hyperglycemia; hypolipemia; in vitro study; male; nonhuman; pigeonpea; plant leaf; protein blood level; rat; solvent extraction; treatment response; triacylglycerol blood level; urea blood level; Cajanus cajan; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052100135	The impact of blood and seminal plasma zinc and copper concentrations on spermogram and hormonal changes in infertile Nigerian men	Akinloye O., Abbiyesuku F.M., Oguntibeju O.O., Arowojolu A.O., Truter E.J.	2011	Reproductive Biology	11	2	None	Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa; Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Akinloye, O., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa; Abbiyesuku, F.M., Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Oguntibeju, O.O., Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa; Arowojolu, A.O., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Truter, E.J., Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa	Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) concentrations in sera and seminal plasma of 60 infertile males (40 oligozoospermic and 20 azoospermic) and 40 males with evidence of fertility (normozoospermic; controls) were estimated using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results were correlated with the subject's spermogram and hormonal levels in order to determine their relationship and significance in male infertility. The mean serum concentration of zinc was significantly (p<0.01) higher in oligozoospermic males when compared to azoospermic subjects and controls. The ratios of serum Zn to seminal plasma Zn were 1:1, 1:3 or 1:4 in oligozoospermic, normozoospermic or azoospermic subjects, respectively. While the mean Cu concentration was significantly higher in serum than seminal plasma in all groups, the Zn concentration was significantly (p<0.05) higher in seminal plasma than serum. The Cu/Zn ratio in seminal plasma was significantly (p<0.01) higher in controls compared with other groups. A significant (p<0.01) inverse correlation was observed between serum Zn and sperm counts. Similarly, seminal plasma Zn negatively correlated with spermatozoa viability. In conclusion, the measurement of serum Zn level, apart from being a good index of the assessment of prostatic secretion and function, may be considered a useful tool in addition to other parameters in assessing male infertility. Also, a lower Cu/Zn ratio in seminal plasma may serve as a supportive tools in assessing male infertility.	Copper; Hormones; Male infertility; Seminal plasma; Serum; Spermogram; Zinc	copper; zinc; adult; article; blood; chemistry; drug effect; human; male; male infertility; metabolism; middle aged; Nigeria; sperm; spermatogenesis; spermatozoon; spermatozoon count; Adult; Copper; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Semen; Sperm Count; Spermatogenesis; Spermatozoa; Young Adult; Zinc	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051470936	Geochemical evaluation of Niger Delta sedimentary organic rocks: A new insight	Akinlua A., Torto N.	2011	International Journal of Earth Sciences	100	6	10.1007/s00531-010-0544-z	Department of Earth Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P. O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Fossil Fuels and Environmental Research Group, Department of C	Akinlua, A., Department of Earth Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa, Fossil Fuels and Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Torto, N., Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P. O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	A geochemical evaluation of Niger Delta organic matter was carried out using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) sample preparation procedure. Comparison of geochemical significance of gas chromatographic data of rock extracts of SFE with those of Soxhlet extraction method from previous studies was made in order to establish the usefulness of SFE in geochemical exploration. The assessment of geochemical character of the rock samples from the comparison and interpretation of other geochemical parameters were used to give more insights into understanding the source rocks characteristics of onshore and shelf portions of the Niger Delta Basin. The results of the gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of the rock extracts across the lithostratigraphic units show that Pr/Ph, Pr/nC17, Pr/nC18, CPI and odd/even preference ranged from 0.07 to 12.39, 0.04 to 6.66, 0.05 to 13.80, 0.12 to 8.4 and 0.06 to 8.12, respectively. The Rock-Eval pyrolysis data and geochemical ratios and parameters calculated from the GC data showed that most of the samples are mature and have strong terrestrial provenance while a few samples have strong marine provenance. The few marine source rocks are located in the deeper depth horizon. Pr/Ph and standard geochemical plots indicate that most of samples were derived from organic matter deposited in less reducing conditions, i. e. more of oxidizing conditions while a few samples have predominantly influence of reducing conditions. The results of trace metal analysis of older samples from Agbada Formation also indicate marine and mixed organic matter input deposited in less reducing conditions. The results obtained in this study are comparable with those obtained from previous studies when Soxhlet extraction method was used and also indicated the presence of more than one petroleum systems in the Niger Delta. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.	Extraction; Niger Delta; Organic matter; Supercritical fluid	extraction method; gas chromatography; lithostratigraphy; organic matter; oxidation; pyrolysis; sediment chemistry; source rock; trace metal; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939994772	Kolaviron, a Garcinia kola Biflavonoid Complex, Protects Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Pertinent Mechanistic Insights from Biochemical and Physical Evaluations in Rat Brain	Akinmoladun A.C., Akinrinola B.L., Olaleye M.T., Farombi E.O.	2015	Neurochemical Research	40	4	10.1007/s11064-015-1527-z	Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, School of Sciences, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ciencias Biologicas-biofisica, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chag	Akinmoladun, A.C., Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, School of Sciences, Akure, Nigeria, Ciencias Biologicas-biofisica, Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Centro de Ciencias da Saude, Bloco G, Cidade Universitaria, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Akinrinola, B.L., Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, School of Sciences, Akure, Nigeria; Olaleye, M.T., Department of Biochemistry, The Federal University of Technology, School of Sciences, Akure, Nigeria; Farombi, E.O., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The pathophysiology of stroke is characterized by biochemical and physical alterations in the brain. Modulation of such aberrations by therapeutic agents affords insights into their mechanism of action. Incontrovertible evidences that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of neurologic disorders have brought antioxidative compounds, especially plant phytochemicals, under increasing focus as potential remedies for the prevention and management of neurodegenerative diseases. Kolaviron, a biflavonoid complex isolated from Garciniakola Heckel (Guttiferae) was evaluated for neuroprotectivity in brains of male Wistar rats submitted to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion-induced global ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). Animals were divided into six groups: sham treated, vehicle (I/R), 50 mg/kg kolaviron + I/R, 100 mg/kg kolaviron + I/R, 200 mg/kg kolaviron + I/R and quercetin (20 mg/kg i.p.) + I/R. The common carotid arteries were occluded for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Relative brain weight and brain water content were determined and oxidative stress and neurochemical markers were also evaluated. I/R caused significant decreases in glutathione level and the activities of enzymic antioxidants, the sodium pump and acetylcholinesterase while significant increases were recorded in relative brain weight, brain water content, lipid peroxidation and the activities of glutamine synthetase and myeloperoxidase. There was a remarkable ablation of I/R induced oxidative stress, neurochemical aberrations and brain edema in animals pretreated with kolaviron. The results suggested that the protection afforded by kolaviron probably involved regulation of redox and electrolyte homeostasis as well as anti-inflammatory and antiexcitotoxic mechanisms. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Global cerebral ischemia; Kolaviron; Neuroprotection; Phytochemicals; Stroke	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922596836	Evaluation of the scope and practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery in Nigeria	Akinmoladun V.I., Gbolahan O.O., Akadiri O.A., Akinyamoju C.A.	2015	Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice	18	2	10.4103/1119-3077.151068	Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of General Dental Practice, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Port	Akinmoladun, V.I., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Gbolahan, O.O., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Akadiri, O.A., Department of General Dental Practice, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Akinyamoju, C.A., Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Background: Oral and maxillofacial surgery is still evolving, with the scope of practice in Nigeria inadequately determined. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to ascertain the level of practice in various parts of the country vis-a-vis the global trend and factors influencing the scope in Nigeria. Design of the Study: Cross-sectional. Setting: The study was carried out at the University of Ibadan. Participants included all the maxillofacial surgeons on the mailing list of the Nigerian Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons and Practicing in Nigeria as at December, 2012. Materials and Methods: Structured questionnaires were delivered to all on the mailing list of the Nigerian Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Respondents were asked to provide information about their demographics, years of practice, areas of practice and factors influencing the choice of practice among others. Nonresponders were reminded a month after initial contact. Data were entered into a personal computer and variables analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. Results: Thirty-two (56%) of the 57 questionnaires were returned. Most respondents were aged 41-45 years (n = 11, 34.4%). Twenty-six (81.3%) were males, whereas 6 (18.8%) were females. Twenty respondents (62.5%) practiced in the teaching hospitals. Eighteen respondents (56.3%) practiced in the south-west geopolitical region. Twelve respondents (37.5%) were the only maxillofacial surgeons in their centers. 81.3% routinely practiced traumatology against 15.6% for implantology. Seventy-eight percent (n = 25) had satisfactory facilities for traumatology, dentoalveolar surgery, and cleft repair surgery, while facilities were least satisfactory in implantology and orthognathic surgery (15.6% and 12.5%, respectively). The highest single factor influencing choice/area of practice was financial reward (100% of respondents). Fifty percent (n = 16) claimed not to have had adequate training in their area of interest. Most respondents (93.8%) believe the greatest challenge facing oncological maxillofacial surgery in Nigeria was late presentation of patients. Conclusion: The scope of practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery is largely limited in the country relative to what obtains globally.	Nigeria; Oral and maxillofacial surgery; Scope practice	adult; clinical practice; cross-sectional study; female; human; male; middle aged; Nigeria; oral surgery; orthognathic surgery; questionnaire; specialization; statistics and numerical data; teaching hospital; traumatology; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dentist's Practice Patterns; Female; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Orthognathic Surgery; Questionnaires; Specialization; Surgery, Oral; Traumatology	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052277610	Cultivation performance of Pleurotus pulmonarius in Maiduguri, North Eastern Nigeria, using wood chippings and rice straw waste	Akinmusire O.O., Omomowo I.O., Oguntoye S.I.K.	2011	Advances in Environmental Biology	5	8	None	Department of Microbiology, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria	Akinmusire, O.O., Department of Microbiology, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; Omomowo, I.O., Department of Microbiology, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; Oguntoye, S.I.K., Department of Microbiology, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria	An attempt was made to investigate the potential of growing Pleurotus pulmonarius in the hot climatic weather environment of Maiduguri, Nigeria by using cheap and easily available waste materials. The steps involved in the cultivation were composting the substrates, bagging the substrates, sterilizing the bagged compost, spawning, incubation and cropping. A completely randomized design was used with two treatments and five replications. An un-inoculated bag served as the control. On the average, spawn run duration, pinhead formation and fructification was faster for the rice straw substrate when compared to the sawdust substrate. It took an average of 22days for the spawn run in rice straw substrate, compare to 35days for the sawdust substrate. Also, pinhead formation was faster in rice straw substrate when compare with sawdust substrate. The result showed the potential of cheap and easily available substrate for oyster mushroom production.	Fructification; Pin head; Spawning; Waste materials	Pleurotus; Pleurotus ostreatus; Pleurotus pulmonarius	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45749104143	The effect of quantitative replacement of soybean meal with cooked and toasted lima bean meal on growth performance and carcass quality values of broiler finisher birds	Akinmutimi A.H., Aligwara A.O., Abasiekong S.F.	2008	International Journal of Poultry Science	7	5	10.3923/ijps.2008.487.490	College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Akinmutimi, A.H., College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Aligwara, A.O., College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Abasiekong, S.F., College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	The effect of cooked and toasted lima bean meal in boiler finisher diets was assessed using seventy five (75) Anak broiler birds. The beans were cooked for ninety (90) minutes, oven dried at 60oC and toasted to brownness. It was quantitatively used to replace soybean at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% levels of inclusion. The birds aged twenty eight (28) days were divided into five (5) treatments and each treatment replicated three (3) times. The birds were assigned to the diets in a completely randomized design experiment. The result of growth performance showed that the mean feed intake values showed no significant (P>0.05) difference for all the diets while there were significant (P<0.05) differences for values of weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The values are 42.8, 46.6, 41.2, 35.4, 23.3 and 3.45, 2.70, 2.84, 3.27, 4.93 for weight gain and feed conversion ratio respectively. The cut- parts showed that the birds on the test diets have values comparable to those on the control diet Based on the above results, normal market live weight and cost per kilogram weight gain, 5% cooked and toasted lima bean meal can quantitatively replaced soybean meal without adverse effect on the growth performance and carcass quality values and hence recommended. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Carcass quality; Cooked and toasted lima bean; Growth performance; Soybean	Aves; Glycine max; Phaseolus lunatus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-47749090948	Performance of weaner rabbits fed graded levels of yam and sweet potato peel meal in place of maize-based diet	Akinmutimi A.H., Anakebe O.C.	2008	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	7	5	10.3923/pjn.2008.700.704	Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria	Akinmutimi, A.H., Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Anakebe, O.C., Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria	Performance of weaner rabbits fed graded levels of yam and sweet potato peel meal in place of maize based diet was investigated using 20 weaner rabbits of average weight of 389 ± 55g. They were randomly allofted to 5 dietary treatment groups having 2 replicates with 2 rabbits per replicate in a completely randomized design. Diet I was maize based and served as control diet. The test ingredients replaced maize at 20%, 30% 40% and 50% in diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The yam and sweet potato peel meals were combined in ratio 3:2. Each diet was offered ad libitum for a period of 56 days. The proximate composition and gross energy (G E) of the test ingredients are as follows: DM (89.74, 89.61), crude protein (6.34, 11.1) ether extract (1.3, 1.3), crude fibre (0.36, 7.20) ash (4.58, 10.17), nitrogen free extract (70.39, 77.13), and gross energy (3.21, 2.98). The anti-nutritional factors of the test ingredients are as follows: Tannin (0.60, 0.22 %), saponin (0.90, 0.67%), trypsin inhibitors (0.00, 0.00) and phytate (0.94, 0.74%). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) for all the growth parameters considered except for feed intake. The values significantly (P<0.05) increased as the quantity of the test ingredients increased. The feed conversion ratio values (7.9900,7.2900, 7.4150, 6.5600 and 7.6550) numerically favoured diet 4. Carcass characteristics values showed significant difference for percentage dressed weight and drumstick only. The percentage dressed weight for all the treatment groups fell within the normal range of dressing percentage at rabbits. The drumstick values (4.7400, 5.0000, 7.4100, 7.6900 and 7.1400) favoured diet 4 among others. The weight of organs showed no significant difference among treatment groups except for the heart, values of which did not follow any specific pattern that could be attributed to the effect of the test ingredients. Biochemical values showed no significant difference except for the value of total protein; this and other biochemical parameters (total protein, urea, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase) fall within the normal range of biochemical indices for rabbits. Gross margin values (N780.6000, N1070.7350, N1061.0100, N1260.1430, N1148.0800) favoured diet 4 among others. Judging from growth performance, carcass characteristics, organ weights, biochemical indices and economics of the diet, diet 4 is recommended. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Graded levels; Maize-based diet; Performance; Weaner rabbits; Yam and sweet potato meal	alkaline phosphatase; creatinine; ether; nitrogen; phytate; protein; saponin; tannin; trypsin inhibitor; urea; animal food; animal husbandry; article; ash; caloric intake; carcass; controlled study; feeding behavior; female; food composition; food intake; maize; male; nonhuman; nutritional value; organ weight; protein content; rabbit; rabbit meat; sweet potato; weight gain; yam; Dioscorea alata; Ipomoea batatas; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45749112640	Evaluation of toasted, cooked and akanwu-cooked sword bean meal in place of soya bean meal in broiler starter diets	Akinmutimi A.H., Ojewola G.S., Abasiekong S.F., Onwudike O.C.	2008	International Journal of Poultry Science	7	5	10.3923/ijps.2008.480.486	Department of Non-Ruminant Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Akinmutimi, A.H., Department of Non-Ruminant Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Ojewola, G.S., Department of Non-Ruminant Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Abasiekong, S.F., Department of Non-Ruminant Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Onwudike, O.C., Department of Non-Ruminant Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	In a 4-week feeding trial, evaluation of variously processed sword bean (toasted, cooked and akanwu-cooked) meal in place of soybean meal was carried out using 120 day old Anak broiler chicks. They were randomly assigned to 4 experimental diets, given 30 birds per treatment group in a completely randomized design. Each treatment had 3 replicates of 10 birds each. Diet 1 was soybean based (control), while the test feed stuffs quantitatively replaced 18.18% of soybean meal making 5% of the total diets in diets 2, 3, and 4. Feed intake, weight gain, carcass quality, blood constituents and histopathological effects were evaluated. Broiler chickens placed on toasted and akanwu-cooked diets (diets 3 and 4 respectively) had poor growth performance that was significantly (P<0.05) different from those fed cooked diet (diet 2) and control diet (diet 1). Feed-intake values were (36.43, 36.13, 33.88, 27.18), weight gain values were (16.75, 15.08, 11.01, 11.45), feed-to-gain ratio (2.18, 2.4, 2.94, 2.54) and gross margin (N137, N141.04, N74, N100.93). Cut-parts showed no significantly (P>0.05) difference except for back cut in favour of diet 2. Significant differences were obtained only among values for kidney and liver, with diet 2 comparing favourably with the control diet. For haematological values, the PCV for D3 and D4, HB for D3, RBC for D3, MCV for D3 and D4, MCHC for D3 and D4, and MCH for D3 and D4 were not within the normal range established for broiler chickens. Whereas diet 2 values for these parameters were within the normal range and compared favourably with the control diet. Values for urea, creatinine and globulin were significantly (P<0.05) different from one another. Diet 2 had the lowest value (12.33mg/dl) for urea and diet 3 had the highest value (30.467mg/dl), the creatinine values for diet 1 and 2 were significantly lower than that of diets 3 and 4. The globulin value favoured diet 2. Based on the above result, cooked sword bean meal compared favourably with control diet and hence, diet 2 is recommended. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Broiler birds; Evaluation; Processed sword beans; Soybean meal	Aves; Canavalia gladiata; Gallus gallus; Glycine max	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951680449	Effects of delayed mating on reproductive performance of ephestia Cautella [Walker] [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae]	Akinneye J.O., Ashamo M.O.	2009	Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research	52	6	None	Storage Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Akinneye, J.O., Storage Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Ashamo, M.O., Storage Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	The effect of age at mating of male and female warehouse moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker), soon after the emergence or delayed for 1-5 days was studied on the number of eggs laid (fecundity), egg viability, longevity and adult emergence. It was found that with the delay in mating after emergence of male, female or both, the number of eggs laid decreased proportionately. Egg viability decreased when female or both male and female were delayed from mating for more than 4 days. Male insects, that were delayed from mating, lived longer than the females delayed from, mating. Average male and female longevity in all the treatments was 10 and 7 days, respectively. Delayed mating had significant effect on females than on males. Unmated males lived longer than the mated males. Thus methods that can delay and disrupt mating may be effective behavioural strategies for managing E. cautella.	Adult emergence; Eggs; Ephestia cautella; Longevity; Mating delay	age at maturity; behavioral response; egg; emergence; longevity; mating behavior; moth; reproductive status; temporal analysis; Cadra cautella; Hexapoda; Lepidoptera; Pyralidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874652403	Neuro-Fuzzy Expert System for evaluating the performance of Distributed Software System Architecture	Akinnuwesi B.A., Uzoka F.-M.E., Osamiluyi A.O.	2013	Expert Systems with Applications	40	9	10.1016/j.eswa.2012.12.039	Department of Information Technology, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Canada; Department of Computer Science and Technology, Bells Universit	Akinnuwesi, B.A., Department of Information Technology, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Uzoka, F.-M.E., Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Canada; Osamiluyi, A.O., Department of Computer Science and Technology, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	A Neuro-Fuzzy Performance Evaluation Model (NFPEM) proposed in Akinnuwesi, Uzoka, Olabiyisi, and Omidiora (2012) was reviewed in this work with the view of modifying it and thus making it flexible and scalable. The neuro-fuzzy expert system (NFES) reported in this paper is an enhancement to NFPEM with expert system components. NFES can be used to evaluate the performance of Distributed Software System Architecture (DSSA) with user-centric variables as parameters for performance measurement. The algorithm developed for NFES was implemented using Coldfusion programming language and MySQL relational database management system. The prototype of NFES was simulated using some life data and the performance results obtained point to the DSSA responsiveness to the users' requirements that are defined at the requirements definition phase of the software development process. Thus the performance value is a qualitative value representing DSSA (i.e. system) responsiveness. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Distributed Software System Architecture; Evaluation; Expert system; Organizational variable; Performance; Responsiveness	Distributed software system; Evaluation; Organizational variable; Performance; Responsiveness; Computer software; Database systems; Expert systems	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-66349125904	Impacts of balanced nutrient management systems technologies in the northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria	Akinola A.A., Alene A.D., Adeyemo R., Sanogo D., Olanrewaju A.S.	2009	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	7	2	None	Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Lilongwe, Malawi; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria	Akinola, A.A., Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Alene, A.D., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Lilongwe, Malawi; Adeyemo, R., Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Sanogo, D., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olanrewaju, A.S., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria	As part of a major effort to address soil fertility decline in West Africa, a project on balanced nutrient management systems (BNMS) has been implemented in the northern Guinea savanna (NGS) of Nigeria. The project tested and promoted two major technology packages: a combined application of inorganic fertilizer and manure (BNMS-manure) and a soybean/maize rotation practice (BNMS-rotation). This study used two-stage least squares regression models to examine the socio-economic impacts of the BNMS technologies on household incomes and food security of the adopting farmers. Results showed that average crop yields for maize, sorghum and soybean increased by more than 200% in the villages covered by the project. Among the adopters, the gross margin per ha from maize production was highest for the adopters of BNMS-rotation and lowest for adopters using inorganic fertilizer only. The two-stage least squares regression estimates indicated that increases in farm income due to adoption of BNMS technologies led to an increase of both calorie and protein intake of adopters. An additional one ha of land under BNMS-manure stimulates an increase in food expenditure by about 52%, while a similar change in land area under BNMS-rotation increases food expenditure by 128%.	BNMS-manure; BNMS-rotation; Nigeria; Northern Guinea savanna; West Africa	fertilizer; protein; agricultural worker; article; caloric intake; crop; crop production; food security; Guinea; harvest; household; income; maize; manure; Nigeria; nutrient management; protein intake; savanna; socioeconomics; sorghum; soybean; technology; Glycine max; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956880965	Evaluation of blood reservation and use for caesarean sections in a tertiary maternity unit in south western Nigeria	Akinola O.I., Fabamwo A.O., Tayo A.O., Rabiu K.A., Oshodi Y.A., Onyekwere C.A.	2010	BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth	10	None	10.1186/1471-2393-10-57	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria	Akinola, O.I., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria; Fabamwo, A.O., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria; Tayo, A.O., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria; Rabiu, K.A., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria; Oshodi, Y.A., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria; Onyekwere, C.A., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria	Background: Haemorrhage from obstetric causes is the most common cause of maternal mortality in the developing world. Prevention of mortality from haemorrhage will necessarily involve prompt blood transfusions among other life saving measures. There are however limited stocks of fresh or stored blood in many health care facilities in Sub Saharan Africa. Caesarean section has been identified as a common indication for blood transfusion in obstetrics practice and its performance is often delayed by non availability of blood in our centre. An evaluation of blood reservation and use at caesarean sections in a tertiary maternity unit in Lagos, south western Nigeria should therefore assist in formulating the most rational blood transfusion policies.Methods: Case records of 327 patients who had elective and emergency caesarian sections at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital between 1 stOctober and 31 stDecember 2007 were reviewed. Data pertaining to age, parity, booking status, type and indication for Caesarean section, pre- and post-operative packed cell volume, blood loss at surgery, units of blood reserved in the blood bank, unit(s) of blood transfused and duration of hospital stay was extracted and the data analysed.Results: There were 1056 deliveries out of which 327 (31%) were by Caesarean section. During the study period, a total of 654 units of blood were reserved in the blood bank and subsequently made available in theatre. Out of this number, only 89 (13.6%) were transfused to 41 patients. Amongst those transfused, twenty-six (54%) were booked and 31 (75.6%) had primary caesarian section. About 81% of those transfused had emergency caesarean section. The most common indication for surgery among those transfused were placenta praevia (9 patients with 21 units of blood) and cephalo-pelvic disproportion (8 patients with 13 units).Conclusion: Even though a large number of units of blood was reserved and made available in the theatre at the time of operation, majority of the patients operated did not need blood transfusion. Provision of a mini- blood bank within the obstetric unit and careful patient categorization will ensure timely availability of blood for surgery without necessarily tying down stock in the central blood bank. © 2010 Akinola et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	adult; article; bleeding; blood bank; blood transfusion; cesarean section; female; hospital department; hospital subdivisions and components; human; labor complication; Nigeria; pregnancy; university hospital; uterus bleeding; utilization review; age; blood storage; cephalopelvic disproportion; elective surgery; emergency surgery; erythrocyte concentrate; hospitalization; major clinical study; operation duration; parity; placenta previa; postoperative period; preoperative period; retrospective study; tertiary health care; Adult; Blood Banks; Blood Loss, Surgical; Blood Transfusion; Cesarean Section; Female; Hospital Units; Hospitals, University; Humans; Nigeria; Obstetric Labor Complications; Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital; Pregnancy; Uterine Hemorrhage	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930274972	Growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology and carcass traits of broiler chickens fed dry, wet and fermented-wet feed	Akinola O.S., Onakomaiya A.O., Agunbiade J.A., Oso A.O.	2015	Livestock Science	177	None	10.1016/j.livsci.2015.04.016	Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ni	Akinola, O.S., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Onakomaiya, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Agunbiade, J.A., McPherson University Seriki-Satayo, Km 96 Lagos-Ibadan Expressway P.M.B. 2094, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Oso, A.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	This study seeks to investigate the growth performance, intestinal morphology, carcass traits and apparent nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens fed with dry, wet and fermented-wet feed. Three experimental diets were formulated in this study. Diet 1 was dry mash feed. Diet 2 was wet mash feed in a 1:1.3 mix with water. Diet 3, was fermented-wet mash feed in a 1:1.3 mix with water which was fermented for 24. h in sealed plastic polythene bags prior to feeding. A total of 192 two-weeks-old broilers (Marshal strain) were randomly assigned to the experimental diets in a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment group was replicated four times with 16 birds per replicate. Each dietary treatment was fed immediately to the birds after re-constitution. Fermentation of the feed reduced (P<0.05) the pH from 6.61 to 4.37. Birds fed fermented-wet and wet mash recorded higher (P<0.05) final live weight and weight gain. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not affected (P>0.05) by wet and fermented-wet fed birds compared to the dry fed birds. Mortality was not affected by dietary treatment imposed. Apparent organic matter digestibility was higher (P<0.05) in birds fed fermented-wet feed when compared to birds fed with dry and wet feed. Intestinal villus morphology and carcass measurement were not affected (P>0.05) by the treatment imposed. However, birds fed wet feed showed lower (P<0.05) gizzard weight when compared to birds fed fermented-wet feed. Birds fed with fermented-wet mash recorded higher (P<0.05) abdominal fat than those fed with dry mash. The results of this study indicated fermented-wet feeding improved apparent organic matter digestibility with a resultant improved growth performance of broiler chicken. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Broiler chicken; Carcass; Fermented-wet feed; Intestinal morphology; Performance; Wet feed	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893415221	Cassava root peel as a replacement for maize in diets for growing pigs: Effects on energy and nutrient digestibility, performance and carcass characteristics	Akinola O.S., Fanimo A.O., Adeniyi Agunbiade J., Susenbeth A., Schlecht E.	2013	Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics	114	2	None	University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Department of Animal Production and Health, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Olabisi Onabanjo University, Department of Animal Production, Yewa Campus, Ayetoro, Nigeria; Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institute of Animal Nu	Akinola, O.S., University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Department of Animal Production and Health, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Fanimo, A.O., University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Department of Animal Production and Health, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adeniyi Agunbiade, J., Olabisi Onabanjo University, Department of Animal Production, Yewa Campus, Ayetoro, Nigeria; Susenbeth, A., Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Kiel, Germany; Schlecht, E., University of Kassel and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, Witzenhausen, Germany	Two experiments were conducted to evaluate cassava root peel (CRP) as diet component for fattening pigs. In the first experiment, ten male pigs were used to investigate the nutrient digestibility and the nutritive value of CRP as replacement for maize in the diet at 0 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50% and 60 %, while supplementing free amino acids (fAA). During two experimental periods, faeces were quantitatively collected and analysed for chemical composition. In the second experiment, 40 pigs received the same diets as in Experiment 1, and daily feed intake and weekly weight changes were recorded. Four pigs per diet were slaughtered at 70 kg body weight to evaluate carcass traits. Digestibility of dry and organic matter, crude protein, acid detergent fibre and gross energy were depressed (p&lt;0.05) at 60% CRP; digestible energy content (MJ kg-1 DM) was 15.4 at 0% CRP and 12.7 at 60% CRP. In the second experiment, CRP inclusion had only a small impact on feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (p&gt;0.05) as well as on the length of the small intestine and the Longissimus dorsi muscle area. The missing correlation of daily weight gain and feed-to-gain ratio up to a CRP inclusion of 40% indicates that negative effects of CRP on pig growth can be avoided by respecting upper feeding limits. Hence, a combined use of CRP and fAA can reduce feeding costs for small-scale pig farmers in countries where this crop-by product is available in large amounts.	Energy value; Free amino acids; Manihot esculenta; Nigeria; Weight gain	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922368388	Evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal properties of alchornea laxiflora (Benth.) Pax. & Hoffman	Akinpelu D.A., Abioye E.O., Aiyegoro O.A., Akinpelu O.F., Okoh A.I.	2015	Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine	2015	None	10.1155/2015/684839	SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; Department of	Akinpelu, D.A., SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa, Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife 234, Osun State, Nigeria; Abioye, E.O., Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife 234, Osun State, Nigeria; Aiyegoro, O.A., Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa, GI Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production Institute, Irene, Pretoria, South Africa; Akinpelu, O.F., Department of Biological Science, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, South Africa; Okoh, A.I., SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa	Alchornea laxiflora leaf extract was tested against a range of microorganisms using standard microbiological methods for antimicrobial activities. The extract inhibited the growth of all the bacterial and 15 fungal isolates tested. The zones of inhibition exhibited against the test bacteria ranged between 12 mm and 24 mm and between 11 mm and 24 mm for the extract and the antibiotic streptomycin, respectively. The zones of inhibition observed against the fungal isolates by the extract ranged between 12 mm and 23 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) exhibited by the extract against test bacteria ranged between 0.78 mg/mL-25 mg/mL and 1.56 mg/mL-25 mg/mL, respectively, while the MICs and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) values for the test fungi ranged between 8.75 mg/mL-35.00 mg/mL and 8.75 mg/mL-35.00 mg/L, respectively. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and reducing sugars as major phytoconstituents in the extract. A. laxiflora leaf extract is a potent source of antibacterial and antifungal compounds; further studies on the extract are ongoing in our laboratories to elucidate the probable mechanism(s) of action on bacteria and fungi found to be susceptible to the extract. © 2015 David A. Akinpelu et al.	None	Alchornea laxiflora extract; alkaloid; flavonoid; plant extract; reducing agent; saponin; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; Alchornea; Alchornea laxiflora; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; Article; drug screening; minimum bactericidal concentration; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; phytochemistry; priority journal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646593175	Differences in the performance and phosphorus-use efficiency of some tropical rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties	Akinrinde E.A., Gaizer T.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	5	3	10.3923/pjn.2006.206.211	Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation (310), University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany	Akinrinde, E.A., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Gaizer, T., Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation (310), University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany	Deficiency of phosphorus (P) is widespread in tropical and temperate acid soils. Six rice (Oryza sativa L) varieties (TOX 4008 - 34, TOX 3499-84, FARO 51, LOCAL CHECK, FAROX 317, and WAT 107 - TGR) were evaluated for their P nutrition capability at 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg kg-1 levels of P applied in an Alfisol. Plant height (from 3 weeks after planting, WAP), number of tillers (from 4 WAP), as well as dry matter (DM) yields, P concentration and uptake in partitioned plant parts and P - use efficiency parameters were estimated after 6 weeks of growth. Plant height at 4 WAP, content and uptake of P determined in shoot and root were significantly (P &lt; 0.01) influenced by P application rates. The varieties also differed significantly in their growth; DM production and P - use efficiency, thus permitting their categorization into efficient or non-efficient and responsive or non-responsive types. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Genotypic differences; Oryza sativa; P application levels; P use efficiency; Phosphorus uptake	phosphorus; article; biomass production; chemical composition; concentration (parameters); controlled study; nonhuman; nutritional value; phase partitioning; plant growth; plant height; plant identification; plant root; planting time; quantum yield; rice; shoot; soil acidity; soil analysis; tropics; varietas; Oryza sativa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745311081	Evaluation of differences in tolerance to aluminium toxicity among some tropical cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes	Akinrinde E.A., Neumann G.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	9	5	10.3923/pjbs.2006.954.960	Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Institut fur Pflanzenernahrung (330), Universitaat Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany	Akinrinde, E.A., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Neumann, G., Institut fur Pflanzenernahrung (330), Universitaat Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany	Aluminium (Al) toxicity is widespread in tropical and temperate acid soils. Eight cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes, G (Ife brown, IT87D-941-1, IT99K-1060, IT84S-2246-4, IT96D-610, IT93K-452-1, IT86D-719 and IT98D-810) were grown for 5 and 17 weeks (1st and 2nd experiments) and evaluated for their differential tolerance to 0, 20 and 50 μM AlCl3 levels applied prior sowing in an Alfisol (Typic Paleudalf). Plant height at weekly intervals (from 2 weeks after planting, WAP), yield and post-cropping soil chemical parameters (pH, extractable-Al, extractable-Mn and available P) were estimated. Except at 2WAP, Al effect was insignificant (p&lt;0.05) on plant height, though extractable-Al differed greatly (p&lt;0.01) among soils sampled after cropping, suggesting need to test higher rates and/or continuous application through irrigation water. On the contrary, G and GxAl interaction significantly affected plant height, yield, soil pH, P-availability and Al tolerance potential. Plants of IT93K-452-1 variety were taller (71.6±3.38 cm) than individual plants of the other varieties at all Al application levels. Aluminium extracted from treated and untreated soils correlated linearly with Al addition levels, but not with the plant performance or other soil chemical parameters. Complexity in the soil environment increased with Al addition to the extent that crop performance became unpredictable and increasingly variable among the genotypes as tolerance to Al became more crucial. Biomass production (followed by pod weight) was the most sensitive parameter to Al addition while extractable Al changed maximally among the soil chemical parameters. The genotypes were categorized into efficient or non-efficient and tolerant or non-tolerant/susceptible types. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	AlCl3 application levels; Aluminium tolerance potential; Genotypic differences; Vigna unguiculata	Vigna juruana; Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745316776	Impact of missing elements on nutrient use efficiency of sweet corn (Zea mays L. Saccharum) on five tropical soils	Akinrinde E.A., Teboh E.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	9	5	10.3923/pjbs.2006.961.967	Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Akinrinde, E.A., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Teboh, E., Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The influence of single element (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) inorganic fertilizers on nutrient use efficiency of sweet corn (Zea mays L. Saccharum) was investigated on some tropical alfisols, ultisols and oxisols of Nigeria. Experimentation involved soils from 5 locations (Enugu, Rockefellar, Alabata, Barthroad and NIFOR) and 7 fertilizer treatments (Control, Complete/adequate nutrient supply, minus (-) N, -P, -K, -Ca and -Mg), replicated three times in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Expectedly, the soils supported crop performance to various extents associated with their fertility levels. Complete nutrient supply and-Ca treatment resulted in the highest biomass production (13.9 and 13.8 g pot-1, respectively) while the control had the least (4.9 g pot-1) followed by-N (5.3 g pot-1)and-P (10.7 g pot-1), indicative of their importance in the nutrition of the crop. The effects on crop nutrient uptake followed the same trend. Nitrogen was the least while K was the most efficiently used nutrient by the crop. Across fertiliser treatments, N use efficiency ranged between 2.4 g g-1 (NIFOR location soil) and 7.0 g g-1 (Bart road location soil). Across soil types, the range was between 2.4 g g-1(-N treatment) to 6.8 g g-1 (with complete nutrient application). Nutrient use efficiencies were highest when the elements considered are omitted in the fertiliser application schedule and/or when its initial content in the soil was low. A categorisation of efficiencies of nutrient use values (into low, medium and high levels) for the soil types was provided on the basis of the experimental data. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Alfisols; Nutrient use efficiency; Oxisol; Single element fertilizers; Soil locations; Sweet-corn; Ultisols	Saccharum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952423212	Gross and histologic evaluation of abdominal adhesions associated with chromic catgut and polypropylene sutured enteropexies in dog [Evaluación macroscópica e histológica de las adherencias abdominales asociadas a enteropexias suturadas con catgut crómico	Akinrinmade J.F., Lawal A.O.	2010	International Journal of Morphology	28	4	None	Department of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Akinrinmade, J.F., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Lawal, A.O., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	The gross and histologic patterns of abdominal adhesions formed by the use of chromic catgut and polypropylene suture materials were evaluated in dogs. Gross and histologic examinations did not reveal significant difference (p>0.05) in the degree of adhesions observed at enteropexy sites in both suture materials. The use of polypropylene with superior suture qualities should be considered instead of chromic catgut for procedures in which adhesion is desired in the dog.	Adhesion; Chromic catgut; Eneropexy; Polypropylene	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908702550	Impact of micro credit and training on efficiency of small-scale entrepreneurs: Evidence from national directorate of employment (NDE) loan/training programmes in Nigeria	Akinrinola O.O., Fasoranti M.M., Aturamu O.A.	2014	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	12	04-Mar	None	Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Economics, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo, Nigeria; Ekiti State College of Education, Ikere, Ekiti, Nigeria	Akinrinola, O.O., Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria; Fasoranti, M.M., Department of Economics, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo, Nigeria; Aturamu, O.A., Ekiti State College of Education, Ikere, Ekiti, Nigeria	This study analyses the impact of micro-credit and training on efficiency of small-scale entrepreneurs, using the National Directorate of Employment (NDE) programme as a case study. National Directorate of Employment (NDE) has been found to be functioning effectively in its training services. However, in the area of credit provision and utilization, there is no empirical evidence to support its efficiency. In order to evaluate the link between the loan/training programmes of the Directorate and the level of efficiency of micro-entrepreneurs in the state, we estimate technical efficiencies and identify significant policy variables influencing efficiency of selected micro enterprises, using the stochastic frontier production function. Results indicate that there are intra and inter group variations in the efficiency of bakers, furniture makers and burnt-brick makers, showing that there is possibility of improving the level efficiency of these entrepreneurs. The most significant determinants of technical efficiencies of bakers, furniture makers and burnt-brick makers are the level of education, business experience, age of operators, credit access, training experience and level of working capital and initial capital outlay. © 2014 World Food Ltd. and WFL Publishers. All rights reserved.	Employment; Entrepreneurs; Loan; Micro credit; Small scale	accounting; Article; commercial phenomena; education; enterpreneur; funding; furniture; human; loan; mathematical model; micro credit; named groups of persons; productivity; program efficacy; stochastic model; training; work experience	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944315308	Impact of climate change on brackish water aquaculture development in the coastal areas of Niger Delta	Akinrotimi O.A., Edun O.M.	2015	International Journal of Agricultural Research	10	2	10.3923/ijar.2015.44.53	African Regional Aquaculture Center, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, P.M.B. 5122, Buguma, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	Akinrotimi, O.A., African Regional Aquaculture Center, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, P.M.B. 5122, Buguma, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria; Edun, O.M., African Regional Aquaculture Center, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, P.M.B. 5122, Buguma, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	The issue of climate change has generated a lot of concern among the general public in Niger Delta region in recent time. It has been described in different ways by many people based on their views, perception and understanding. However, little considerations have been given to the impact of climate change on brackish water aquaculture in the coastal areas of Niger Delta. This study therefore, review critically, based on existing literature and field experience, the causes of climate change, impact of climate change on aquaculture production such as: increase in temperature, flooding of ponds, increase in water turbidity, heavy siltation of pond bottom, introduction of new species, collapse of farms infrastructure and fluctuations in salinity levels. Also, various adaptation and mitigation strategies that will ameliorate the impact of climate change in aquaculture operations, namely: reduction in human activities that are inimical to stable climate, selection of good site suitable for fish farming, provision of shading materials for fish cultured in tanks, raising of pond dykes, good management practices and improvement of monitoring and early warning systems are explicitly elucidated. As these strategies will go a long way in minimizing the impact of this menace, in the brackish water zone of the region. Moreover, efforts should be made by relevant institutions and agencies to come up with coordinated plans and policies that will reduce the effects of climate change on brackish water aquaculture in the coastal areas of Niger Delta. © 2015 Academic Journals Inc.	Climate; Coastal environment; Fish; Fish farming; Niger Delta	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-25644442481	Clinical evaluation of extract of Cajanus cajan (Ciklavit®) in sickle cell anaemia	Akinsulie A.O., Temiye E.O., Akanmu A.S., Lesi F.E.A., Whyte C.O.	2005	Journal of Tropical Pediatrics	51	4	10.1093/tropej/fmh097	Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Akinsulie, A.O., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Temiye, E.O., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Akanmu, A.S., Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Lesi, F.E.A., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Whyte, C.O., Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	The major pathology in sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is sickling of red cells due to the precipitation of reduced haemoglobin. We report our experience with extract of Cajanus cajan as a possible antisickling agent by determining changes, if any, in clinical and laboratory features of the disease in patients given the extract in a single-blind placebo-controlled study. One hundred patients with steady-state SCA were randomized into treatment and placebo arms. The extract/placebo were administered twice daily to the subjects. Weight, hepatosplenomegaly, blood levels of biliurubin, urea, creatinine, and packed cell volume (PCV) were monitored over a 6-month period. Recall episodes of pain 6 months before enrolment were compared with episodes of pains recorded during the treatment period. Twenty-six cases (55.3 per cent) had hepatomegaly on enrolment. This significantly reduced to 33.3 per cent at 6 months (p = 0.03); but increased in the placebo arm p = >0.05). The total number of recall painful episodes in cases was 207 (mean 4.4 ± 10.3 (SD), range 0-60) and fell to 191 (mean 4.2 ± 4.4 (SD), range 0-16); p = 0.03. Episodes of pain increased from 109 in controls (mean 2.6 ± 5.0 (SD), range 0-26) to 164 (mean 3.9 ± 4.3 (SD), range 0-22); p = 0.01. Mean PCV in the cases showed no appreciable changes p = 0.1) but there was a significant increase in the controls p = 0.02). In conclusion, the extract may cause a reduction of painful crises and may ameliorate the adverse effects of sickle cell anaemia on the liver. The mechanism of action remains to be determined. © The Author [2005]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.	None	antisickling agent; ascorbic acid; bilirubin; Cajanus cajan extract; ciklavit; creatinine; folic acid; placebo; plant extract; proguanil; pyrimethamine; unclassified drug; urea; zinc; antisickling agent; plant medicinal product; abdominal distension; article; bilirubin blood level; body weight; child; clinical feature; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; creatinine blood level; diarrhea; fatigue; female; hematocrit; hepatomegaly; hepatosplenomegaly; human; liver disease; major clinical study; male; ocular pruritus; orbit inflammation; pain assessment; pigeonpea; randomized controlled trial; sickle cell anemia; sickle cell trait; single blind procedure; urea blood level; vomiting; adolescent; analysis of variance; drug effect; infant; liver; phytotherapy; pigeonpea; preschool child; Adolescent; Analysis of Variance; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Antisickling Agents; Cajanus; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Liver; Male; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations; Single-Blind Method	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-54949129736	Evaluation of toasted sunflower (Helianthus annus) seed meal in the diets of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings	Akintayo I.A., Obasa S.O., Alegbeleye W.O., Bangbose A.M.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	10	None	Nigerian Institute of Oceanography and Marine Research, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agricultu	Akintayo, I.A., Nigerian Institute of Oceanography and Marine Research, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria; Obasa, S.O., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Alegbeleye, W.O., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Bangbose, A.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	A feeding trial was designed and carried out to assess the growth, nutrient utilization heamatological profile and yield of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus fed graded levels of toasted sunflower seed meal based diets. One hundred and fifty (150) fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus (13.08±0.1g) were fed with five iso-nitrogenous diets containing 40% crude protein. The toasted sunflower seed meal (TSFSM) protein replaced fishmeal meal in the diets in the following proportions: Diet TSFI (0% TSFSM), Diet TSF2 (25%TSFSM), Diet TSF3 (50% TSFSM), Diet TSF4 (75% TSFSM), and Diet TSF5 (100% TSFSM). At the end of the trial, the mean weight gain of fish was highest in diet TSF1 (103.47g), and lowest in diet TSF5 (24.54g), with a significant difference (p<0.05). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in mean weight gain (MWG) of fish fed diet TSF1 (and fish fed diet TSF2. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was best in fish fed dietTSF1 (1.18) but not significantly different (P>0.05) from fish fed diet TSF2 (1.28). The highest apparent net protein utilization (APP-NPU) of 25.00% was recorded in fish fed diet TSF1. It was significantly higher (P<0.05) than others, while the lowest value of 15.00% was recorded in fish fed diet TSF5. Heamatological parameters such as pack cell volume (PCV), heamoglobin (Hb) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) decreased as toasted sunflower seed meal increased in diet. PCV was higher (35.00mg/dl) significantly in fish fed TSF1 than the value of (31.00mg/dl) in fish fed diet TSF4. It was therefore observed that toasted sunflower seed meal protein can favourably replace 25% of fishmeal protein in the diets of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings.	Fishmeal; Growth response; Heamatological profile; Iso-nitrogenous; Nutrient utilization; Protein	Clarias gariepinus; Helianthus; Helianthus annuus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646205005	Performance analysis of double buffer technique (DBT) model for mobility support in wireless IP networks	Akintola A.A., Aderounmu G.A., Adigun M.O.	2006	Journal of Network and Computer Applications	29	4	10.1016/j.jnca.2005.05.001	Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Computer Science, University of Zululand, Kwadlangezwa, South Africa	Akintola, A.A., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Aderounmu, G.A., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Adigun, M.O., Department of Computer Science, University of Zululand, Kwadlangezwa, South Africa	Existing mobility support models in cellular communications misinterpret mobility loss in cellular networks as congestion loss, thus it degrades the performance by invoking unnecessary congestion control action. In this paper, we investigated the performance of Double Buffer Technique (DBT) model for mobility support in wireless IP networks. The DBT model uses the END message and the TQRS timer to maintain the packet sequence and decrease the load on the new foreign agent when the timer expires, respectively. Also, the protocol showed improved performance degradation caused by the handover of the mobile terminal. In order to demonstrate the superiority of our scheme over the existing ones, we used the following performance metrics: packet out-of-sequence, cell loss ratio, bandwidth overhead, and suitability for real-time services. The numerical results obtained revealed that the buffer size, the waiting time, and the packet loss probabilities in the model were suitable to the wireless IP environment. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cellular; Double buffer technique; Handover; Internet protocol; Mobility; QoS; Routing; Seamless; Wireless	Cellular; Double buffer technique; Handover; Internet protocol; Mobility; Routing; Seamless; Buffer storage; Mathematical models; Network protocols; Real time systems; Routers; Telecommunication services; Wireless telecommunication systems	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547354169	Performance evaluation of error resilience techniques of transmitted video using punctured convolutional coding	Akintola A.A., Aderounmu G.A., Efereyan M.O.	2007	International Journal of Modelling and Simulation	27	2	None	Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Akintola, A.A., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Aderounmu, G.A., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Efereyan, M.O., Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Real-time Internet video streaming over wireless noisy channels is attracting a lot of attention for various applications in Internet Protocol networks. In this paper, the authors present the performance of error resilience techniques of transmitted video using punctured convolutional coding with erasures. The system model uses Bernoulli Random Binary Generator block set to generate random binary numbers using Bernoulli distribution. In the system simulation, various rates of coding (i.e., rates 2/3 and 3/4) were applied on various bits patterns (i.e., 3, 4, 8, and 16 bits) and then passed through a noisy wireless link of different range of noise levels (i.e., additive white gaussian noise). Using throughput and bit error rate as performance metrics against signal-to-noise ratio, experimental results show that, while varying the noise levels, high coding rates showed better and improved performance but it is more efficient when the numbers of punctured bits are kept below a certain maximum threshold.	BER; Codes; Convolutional; Erasure; Error; Puncturing; Resilience; Throughput	Binary sequences; Bit error rate; Convolutional codes; Image communication systems; Internet protocols; Real time systems; Throughput; Binary numbers; Error resilience techniques; Performance evaluation; Punctured bits; Video streaming	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884260499	Evaluation of environmental pollution effects on domestic roof-harvested rainwater in Southern part of Nigeria using impact indices	Akintola O.A., Sangodoyin A.Y., Agunbiade F.O.	2013	Water Practice and Technology	8	2	10.2166/wpt.2013.026	National Horticultural Research Institute of Nigeria, P.O. Box 29662, Secretariat Post Office, Idi-Ishin, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Sciences, Co	Akintola, O.A., National Horticultural Research Institute of Nigeria, P.O. Box 29662, Secretariat Post Office, Idi-Ishin, Ibadan, Nigeria; Sangodoyin, A.Y., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Agunbiade, F.O., Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, km 46/48 Lagos-Ibadan Expressway, Redemption City, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria	The effects of environmental factors, roof materials and age of roof on some metals usually found in Domestic Roof-Harvested Rainwater (DRHRW) from southern Nigeria were investigated. Samples were collected in Ibadan (residential), Lagos (industrial) and Port-Harcourt (gas-flaring). Four roof types (corrugated-iron-sheet, long-span-aluminium, asbestos and step-tiles) and three ages of roof (<5, 5-10 and >10 years in service conditions) were considered. Sample preparations, handling and analysis were carried out using standard procedures. Enrichment-Factor, Transfer-Factor and Pollution-Load-Index were estimated to identify roof polluting severity, rate of transfer of each metal detected into the DRHRW as well as atmospheric contribution to the overall pollution effects observed. Metal enrichment was generally low indicating low metal transfer into DRHRW from the sites. Occasional moderate enrichment was recorded for Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca and Mg suggesting their natural presence in the environment. Extremely high enrichment observed for Pb and Cd in industrial and gas-flaring rainwater samples as compared with residential indicated that metal contaminations in these locations are higher compared to residential samples which serve as background. Rate of metal transfer from roof material to rainwater was generally low. Thus, the possible source of the metal contaminants found in DRHRW in the areas investigated was the atmosphere. Mean Pollution-Load-Index of 0.95, 0.99 and 1.06 for rainwater samples in Ibadan, Lagos and Port-Harcourt areas respectively suggested higher pollution load in gas-flaring than residential and industrial regions. Pollution-Load-Index applied to age and roof-type indicated that long-span-aluminium and asbestos roofs that are less than 5 years could contaminate rainwater. CONCLUSIONSGenerally, low level of metal transfer from roof materials to DRHRW samples was observed in the study area. However, long span aluminum and asbestos roofs that are less than 5 years are capable of contaminating DRHRW. The prevailing activities in the different locations studied played major roles in the contamination of DRHRW. Rainwater harvested in industrial and gas flaring regions are not suitable for potable uses due to increased concentration of Pb and Cd. They can however be channelled to other non-potable domestic uses. Similarly, they may not support uses for irrigation purposes and should not be applied for irrigation to avoid situations whereby heavy metals are absorbed by plant materials and transferred back to man via food chain. © IWA Publishing 2013.	Atmospheric pollution; Domestic roof-harvested rainwater; Enrichment factor; Pollution load index; Transfer factor	Atmospheric pollution; Domestic roof-harvested rainwater; Enrichment factors; Pollution load indices; Transfer Factor; Aluminum; Asbestos; Cadmium; Contamination; Harvesting; Housing; Industry; Irrigation; Lead; Metals; Pollution detection; Roofs; Building materials	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-48649110107	Effect of capital structure on firms' performance: The Nigeria performance	Akintoye I.R.	2008	European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences	None	10	None	Department of Economics, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Akintoye, I.R., Department of Economics, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	In this paper, we examined the effect of capital structure on firms performance. We address the following questions: Does higher leverage lead to better firm performance? Is the effect of performance on leverage similar across the distribution of different capital structures? Using a sample of 10 Nigerian quoted firms with consideration of their financial statements for three years, we discover that an evenly distributed capital structure has positive effect on firms performance, while the effect of performance on leverage varies across the distribution of different capital structure as seen from the companies understudied. Most of the equity financed firms in this study performed as much as those who employed debt in their structure in term returns on equity and assets. Although we cannot generalize this fact as few other firms with debt finance performed more efficiently as in the case of Nestle Nig. Plc, Northern Nig Flour Mills Plc, hence the effect of leverage on efficiency varies across the distribution of different capital structure lending credence to the agency cost theory of Jensen and Meckling(1976). We therefore recommend that investors should concentrate on engagement of efficient management team, motivation and other developmental programmes so as to achieve goal congruence in the long run.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65249084958	Sensitivity of performance to capital structure	Akintoye I.R.	2008	European Journal of Social Sciences	7	1	None	Department of Economics, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Akintoye, I.R., Department of Economics, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	This study is borne out of the need to establish the presence or otherwise of the responsiveness of EBIT, EPS and DPS as performance indicators to turnover, which is a measure of leverage, with respect to selected Food and Beverages companies in Nigeria. We computed the degree(s) of Leverage(s) ratios - i.e the DOL, DFL, DCL, as well as the percentage change in DPS relative to percentage change in EBIT inorder to achieve our study's objective. Our results reveal that performance indicators used in our study are significantly sensitive to the capital structure, for most of the companies considered in our study. Our findings reveal the followings: • Most of the companies used have their EBIT, EPS and DPS sensitive to turnover, which is in support of the apriori expectation. • Results from Nigerian Bottling Company Plc, negate the apriori expectation, as an increase in its turnover in year 2004, does not result in a corresponding increase in its EBIT, let alone EPS and DPS, rather a loss of 44.9% was recorded. • Results from Nestle Nig. Plc, Cadbury Nig. Plc and 7-Up Bottling Co Plc, also support the apriori expectation of a positive relationship between performance indicators and turnover. We also discovered that shareholders in most of the companies considered enjoy double benefits of dividend declaration and wealth creation; hence, the study disputes the present dividend theory which believes that organizations shareholders either support dividend declaration or wealth creation and not the two. Our study shows that both dividend declaration and wealth creation could be relevant to shareholders. We therefore conclude based on our findings, that irrespective of the dividend policy adopted by an organization, the rate of change in capital structure is a major influence on what organisations behaviour is likely to be. In addition this study lend credence to developing a third school of thought in dividend theory, to provide a place for the relevance of both dividend declaration and wealth creation to shareholders as against the present dividend theory which provides for either, of these two schools.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-64549122298	Budget and budgetary control for improved performance: A consideration for selected food and beverages companies in Nigeria	Akintoye I.R.	2008	European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences	None	12	None	Department of Economics, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, West Africa, Nigeria	Akintoye, I.R., Department of Economics, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, West Africa, Nigeria	Budget and Budgetary control, both at management and operational level looks at the future and lays down what has to be achieved. Control checks whether or not the plans are realized, and puts into effect corrective measures where deviation or shortfall is occurring. This study examines how budget and budgetary control can impact on the performance of the selected food and beverages companies in Nigeria, as considered in this study, being a sample of the entire population of the firms in the Nigerian Manufacturing Industry. We reviewed the performance of the Nigeria manufacturing industry in previous and recent times. We found out that the performance of this industry leaves much to be desired due to factors such as neglect of the industry due to over dependence on crude oil, epileptic power supply, collapsing infrastructures, unfavourable sectoral reforming among others and have resulted in low capacity utilization of the manufacturing industry. An empirical investigation was undertaken, using the simple correlation analytics technique specifically the Pearson product movement correlation coefficient. In most of he cases considered, established the presence of strong relationship between turnover as a variable of budget and performance indicators - EPS, DPS and NAS, of the selected food and beverages companies. Following our findings, we advise managers and business operators (not only in the manufacturing industry) to pay more attention to their budgetary control systems, for those without an existing budgetary control system, they should put one in place, and those with a dummy or passive budgetary control system, it is time they re-established a result-oriented budgetary control system as it goes a long way in repositioning the manufacturing industry from its creeping performance level to an improved high capacity utilization point. © EuroJournals, Inc. 2008.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959662850	Relationship between Tei index of myocardial performance and left ventricular geometry in Nigerians with systemic hypertension	Akintunde A.A., Akinwusi P.O., Opadijo G.O.	2011	Cardiovascular Journal of Africa	22	3	CVJ-21.038	Division of Cardiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria; Cardiology Clinic, Eberhards Karls University, Tubingen, Germany	Akintunde, A.A., Division of Cardiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria, Cardiology Clinic, Eberhards Karls University, Tubingen, Germany; Akinwusi, P.O., Division of Cardiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria; Opadijo, G.O., Division of Cardiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria	Introduction: Left ventricular geometry is associated with cardiovascular events and prognosis. The Tei index of myocardial performance is a combined index of systolic and diastolic dysfunction and has been shown to be a predictor of cardiovascular outcome in heart diseases. The relationship between the Tei index and left ventricular geometry has not been well studied. This study examined the association between the Tei index and left ventricular geometry among hypertensive Nigerian subjects. Methods: We performed echocardiography on 164 hypertensives and 64 control subjects. They were grouped into four geometric patterns based on left ventricular mass and relative wall thickness. The Tei index was obtained from the summation of the isovolumic relaxation time and the isovolumic contraction time, divided by the ejection time. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 16.0. Results: Among the hypertensive subjects, 68 (41.4%) had concentric hypertrophy, 43 (26.2%) had concentric remodelling, 24 (14.6%) had eccentric hypertrophy, and 29 (17.7%) had normal geometry. The Tei index was significantly higher among the hypertensives with concentric hypertrophy (CH), concentric remodelling (CR) and eccentric hypertrophy (EH) compared to the hypertensives with normal geometry (0.83 ± 1.0, 0.71 ± 0.2, 0.80 ± 0.2 vs 0.61 ± 0.2, respectively). The Tei index was higher among hypertensives with CH and EH than those with CR. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the Tei index was related to ejection fraction, fractional shortening and mitral E/A ratio. Conclusion: Among Nigerian hypertensives, LV systolic and diastolic functions (using the Tei index) were impaired in all subgroups of hypertensive patients according to their left ventricle geometry compared to the control group. This impairment was more advanced in patients with concentric and eccentric hypertrophy.	Echocardiography; Hypertension; Left ventricle geometry; Tei index	adult; aged; article; blood pressure measurement; body height; body mass; cardiovascular parameters; comparative study; controlled study; diastolic blood pressure; diastolic dysfunction; echocardiography; female; heart contraction; heart disease; heart left ventricle; heart left ventricle ejection time; heart left ventricle hypertrophy; heart left ventricle mass; heart performance; human; hypertension; hypertrophy; interventricular septal thickness in diastole; left ventricle geometry; left ventricular internal dimension in diastole; left ventricular internal dimension in systole; major clinical study; male; outcome assessment; posterior wall thickness in diastole; relative wall thickness; relaxation time; systolic blood pressure; systolic dysfunction; Tei index; transthoracic echocardiography; Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Risk Assessment; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left; Ventricular Remodeling	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903997913	The impacts of small business on poverty reduction in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa	Akinwale O., Ogundiran O.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	15	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n15p156	Department of Development Studies, University of Fort Hare, 1 King Williams Town Road, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Agricultural Extension, University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape, South Africa	Akinwale, O., Department of Development Studies, University of Fort Hare, 1 King Williams Town Road, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Ogundiran, O., Agricultural Extension, University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape, South Africa	This study identifies the impacts of small business in poverty reduction. Small business plays a major role in rural livelihood. Even in the developed countries, small business contributes more to the economic growth. The study was carried out in Alice, in Eastern Cape provide of South Africa, where people seems to live under the pressure of poverty. Structured questionnaires were administered on twenty-five community members who operate small business. The result shows that small business makes important impacts on livelihoods and thereby serves as an eyes opener for those who view small business as merely a survival strategy. Small business operators have plotted their way out of the bondage of poverty even though it has been though due to many challenges. Conclusively, small businesses have helped to improve the standard of living. If better platform is given, their performance will be better than the present.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863750707	The influence of Process Approach on English as second language Students' performances in essay writing	Akinwamide T.K.	2012	English Language Teaching	5	3	10.5539/elt.v5n3p16	Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Akinwamide, T.K., Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	This study examined the influence of Process Approach on English as second language Students' performances in essay writing. The purpose was to determine how far this current global approach could be of assistance to the writing skill development of these bilingual speakers of English language. The study employed the pre-test post-test control quasi-experimental research design. The sample consisted of 80 senior secondary school final year students. The research material included the senior secondary school English Language recommended textbook, National Examination Council (NECO) and West Africa Examinations Council (WAEC) English Language Syllabi, Federal Ministry of Education English Language Curriculum, English-Language Teachers' Lesson Notes and Students Essay Writing Exercise books. The West African Examinations Council's (WAEC) English Language Essay Question as an adapted instrument was used to gather data. The data generated were subjected to statistical analysis and the results of the analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the pre-test scores of both the Control and the Experimental group which indicated the homogenous state of both Control and Experimental groups. There was significant difference in the post-test scores of the Experimental and the Control groups. There was no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the students in Control group. As evident from the out-come of the research, the Process Approach (which presents writing in multiple drafts before the final writing) had significant effect on students' overall performance in essay writing.	English as a Second Language; Essay writing; Process approach; Product approach; Students' performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53249115271	Quality evaluation of ginger-flavoured soy-cassava biscuit	Akinwande B.A., Ade-Omowaye B.I.O., Olaniyan S.A., Akintaro O.O.	2008	Nutrition and Food Science	38	5	10.1108/00346650810906994	Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Akinwande, B.A., Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Ade-Omowaye, B.I.O., Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Olaniyan, S.A., Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Akintaro, O.O., Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Purpose - This study aimed at the potential use of ginger-flavoured soy-cassava flour to produce high-protein biscuits. Design/methodology/approach - Preparation of biscuit was done using soy-cassava flour blends (0:100, 20:80, 30:70 and 40:60 w/w). Biscuit was also prepared from 100 per cent wheat flour to serve as control. Findings - Chemical analysis indicated that the substitution of soy flour into cassava flour augmented the nutrient content of the biscuit, which indicates a good potential for meeting the nutrient requirements of school children. The use of ginger powder as flavouring agent effectively masked the beany flavour that is normally associated with soybean products. A sensory evaluation also confirmed good aroma and positive acceptability. Originality/value - The findings in this study confirms the endless possibilities of protein enrichment of cassava flour for the production of biscuits as a potentially effective strategy for enhancing protein-energy balance in children, particularly in developing countries. The value of this study lies in its potential as a product development strategy in combating protein-energy malnutrition, thereby promoting good health, labour productivity and mental development.	Children (age groups); Developing countries; Food products; Nutrition; Sub Saharan Africa	Glycine max; Manihot esculenta; Triticum aestivum; Zingiber officinale	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925456280	Comparative evaluation of the mineral profile and other selected components of onion and garlic	Akinwande B.A., Olatunde S.J.	2015	International Food Research Journal	22	1	None	Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Akinwande, B.A., Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Olatunde, S.J., Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Mineral profile and some selected components of three cultivars of onion (Allium cepa L.) (Dan Zaria, red creole and white creole) bulb were compared with garlic (Allium sativum L.) clove. This was pertinent to establish their potentials in ensuring adequate nutrition and food security. Simultaneous multi-element analysis was done by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Selected components determined were pyruvic acid, total soluble solids (TSS), ash content, moisture content, vitamin C and pH. The most abundant quantity minerals in the Allium species are potassium (14291.17-17297.88 mg/Kg), phosphorus (2491.04-4777.88 mg/Kg) and calcium (694.41-1824.29 mg/Kg). Garlic had highest amount of phosphorus and zinc (4777.88 and 66.08 mg/Kg, respectively) with least contents of calcium, magnesium, iron and aluminium. Garlic had significantly (p<0.05) higher contents of pyruvic acid, ash and TSS contents than onion cultivars, with increase of 88%, 130% and 104% more than the highest obtained in onion cultivars. Except for moisture and vitamin C contents, highest value (with significant difference) of all the selected components was obtained in garlic. Onion cultivar (red creole) with least content of pyruvic acid and highest content of TSS would be preferred for culinary purpose. The comprehensive mineral profile of garlic and onion samples obtained in this work is an information that could sensitize people on their need for more consumption. This can be a good opportunity to enhance micronutrient supply of the diet of low income earners which form majority of the society.	Garlic; Mineral contents; Onion cultivars; Pyruvic acid; Total soluble solids	Allium; Allium cepa; Allium sativum; Syzygium aromaticum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847650072	Location of secondary schools as a factor in determining academic performance of students in Oyo State Nigeria	Akinwumi F.S.	2006	European Journal of Social Sciences	3	2	None	Department of Educational Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Akinwumi, F.S., Department of Educational Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	This study investigates the influence of the location of secondary schools on academic performance of students in Oyo State using a descriptive survey research design. The Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) sampling method was used to select 100 secondary schools from among 318 secondary schools in twelve out of the existing thirty-three local government areas in the state. Four hypotheses were formulated and tested using chi-square (X2) and T-test statistical tools and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS/PC+). The study established a significant relationship between location of secondary schools and academic performance of students in Oyo State (X2 = 6.25, df =2, P&lt;0.05). A significant difference in the academic performance of students was 0.05) found in SSCE English Language (t-cal.2.14 &gt;t-crit. 200, df= 98.P&lt;0.05) in urban and rural secondary schools. The study also found no significant influence of journey to school on academic performance of students in urban and rural secondary schools in Oyo State (X2=0.124, table value = 3.85, df= 1,P&lt; 0.05). The following recommendations were made: government should evolve effective and strategic planning method before establishing new schools, government should also develop more useful and reliable policies for the distribution of educational facilities and resources in the state.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873479358	Evaluation of corrosion cost of crude oil processing industry	Akinyemi O.O., Nwaokocha C.N., Adesanya A.O.	2012	Journal of Engineering Science and Technology	7	4	None	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ibogun Campus, PMB 5026, Ifo Post Office, Nigeria	Akinyemi, O.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ibogun Campus, PMB 5026, Ifo Post Office, Nigeria; Nwaokocha, C.N., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ibogun Campus, PMB 5026, Ifo Post Office, Nigeria; Adesanya, A.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ibogun Campus, PMB 5026, Ifo Post Office, Nigeria	Crude oil production industry as the hub of Nigeria Economy is not immune to the global financial meltdown being experienced world over which have resulted in a continual fall of oil price. This has necessitated the need to reduce cost of production. One of the major costs of production is corrosion cost, hence, its evaluation. This research work outlined the basic principles of corrosion prevention, monitoring and inspection and attempted to describe ways in which these measures may be adopted in the context of oil production. A wide range of facilities are used in crude oil production making it difficult to evaluate precisely the extent of corrosion and its cost implication. In this study, cost of corrosion per barrel was determined and the annualized value of corrosion cost was also determined using the principles of engineering economy and results analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that among the corrosion prevention methods identified, the use of chemical treatment gave the highest cost contribution (81%) of the total cost of prevention while coating added 19%. Cleaning pigging and cathodic protection gave no cost. The contribution of corrosion maintenance methods are 60% for repairs and 40% for replacement. Also among the corrosion monitoring and inspection identified, NDT gave the highest cost contribution of 41% of the total cost, followed by coating survey (34%). Cathodic protection survey and crude analysis gives the lowest cost contribution of 19% and 6% respectively. Corrosion control cost per barrel was found to be 77 cent/barrel. The significance of this cost was not much due to high price of crude oil in the international market. But the effect of corrosion in crude oil processing takes its toll on crude oil production (i.e. deferment). © School of Engineering, Taylor's University.	Annuities and corrosion control; Deferment; Downhole; Downtime	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78751499493	Impact of introducing reserve flows on abstractive uses in water stressed catchment in Kenya: Application of WEAP21 model	Akivaga E.M., Otieno F.A.O., Kipkorir E.C., Kibiiy J., Shitote S.	2010	International Journal of Physical Sciences	5	16	None	Durban University of Technology, P. O. Box 1334, Durban, South Africa; School of Environmetal Studies, Moi University, P. O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Moi University, P. O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya	Akivaga, E.M., Durban University of Technology, P. O. Box 1334, Durban, South Africa; Otieno, F.A.O., Durban University of Technology, P. O. Box 1334, Durban, South Africa; Kipkorir, E.C., School of Environmetal Studies, Moi University, P. O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Kibiiy, J., Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Moi University, P. O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Shitote, S., Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Moi University, P. O. Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya	Kenya is implementing Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) policies. The water policy provides for mandatory reserve (environmental flow) which should be sustained in a water resource. Four out of the six main catchments in Kenya face water scarcity. Further water resource quality objectives for many rivers are yet to be determined. This study applied Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP21) to study the implications of implementing the water reserve in Perkerra River which is among the few rivers that drain into Lake Baringo. The Tennant method was used to determine minimum environmental flows that should be sustained into the lake. WEAP21 was used to perform hydrological and water management analysis of the catchment. Mean monthly discharge time series of the catchment monitoring stations indicate that Perkerra River is becoming seasonal. The results further show that implementing the reserve with the present level of water management and development will increase the demand by more than 50%. With good regulation policies Chemususu dam project will reduce the impact of the reserve on abstractive uses by 20 to 40% and ensure that Perkerra River does not dry up. ©2010 Academic Journals.	Allocation; Demand; Environmental flows; Sustainable management; Weap21	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919871743	Evaluation of Arm Span and Sitting Height as Proxy for Height in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia in Lagos, Nigeria	Akodu S.O., Diaku-Akinwumi I.N., Kehinde O.A., Njokanma O.F.	2014	Journal of the American College of Nutrition	33	6	10.1080/07315724.2013.875356	Department of Pediatrics, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	Akodu, S.O., Department of Pediatrics, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Diaku-Akinwumi, I.N., Department of Pediatrics, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Kehinde, O.A., Department of Pediatrics, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Njokanma, O.F., Department of Pediatrics, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	Background: Sickle cell anemia may affect linear growth, and complications like avascular necrosis of femoral head may make direct measurement of height difficult.Objective: To determine the relationship between height and arm span as well as between height and sitting height among children with sickle cell anemia in Lagos, Nigeria.Methodology: A random sample of 200 children aged 8 months to 15 years were studied—100 with hemoglobin genotype SS and 100 with hemoglobin genotype AA, matched for age and sex. Height/length, sitting height, and arm span were measured. Correlations and regression analysis were performed to test the relationship between height as a dependent variable and the sitting height and arm span as independent variables.Results: Height, arm span, and sitting height were slightly but not significantly lower in subjects with sickle cell anemia. Strong correlations (R ≥ 0.95) were observed between height and other measurements in both subgroups. Regression analysis with height as the independent variable showed that arm span had a higher coefficient of determination than sitting height in both subjects (R2 = 0.94 vs 0.899) and controls (R2 = 0.942 vs 0.940). On the other hand, sitting height had a lower mean difference between observed and predicted height (0.04 and −0.11, respectively).Conclusion: Sitting height may be the preferred proxy for height in children with sickle cell anemia. © 2014, © American College of Nutrition.	arm span; genetic disorders; regression; sickle cell anemia; sitting height	hemoglobin; adolescent; anthropometric parameters; anthropometry; arm span; Article; child; comparative study; controlled study; correlation analysis; cross-sectional study; descriptive research; follow up; general device; genotype; human; infant; infantometer; major clinical study; Nigeria; preschool child; sample size; school child; sickle cell anemia; sitting height; stadiometer; Anemia, Sickle Cell; arm; body height; female; male; morphometrics; procedures; statistics and numerical data; Adolescent; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Arm; Body Height; Body Weights and Measures; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955611712	Evaluation Of The Proximate, Pasting And Sensory Characteristics Of Cassava Flour (Fufu) Fortified With Pigeon Pea Flour	Akoja S.S., Mohammed A.O.	2011	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	10	2	None	Department of Food Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B. 50, llaro, Nigeria	Akoja, S.S., Department of Food Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B. 50, llaro, Nigeria; Mohammed, A.O., Department of Food Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B. 50, llaro, Nigeria	The nutritious value of Fufu-fermented cassava flour was improved through supplementation with 10, 20, 30 and 40% pigeon pea flour and the products were subjected to proximate composition, pasting characteristics and sensory tests, with 100% cassava flour as control. The results showed that the pigeon pea Fufu flour contained 7.70% protein, 0.27% fat, 1.08% ash at 10% level of inclusion and this increased to 16.45, 0.54 and 1.24% for protein, fat and ash respectively at 40% level of inclusion. Meanwhile, the carbohydrate contents decreased from 90.28 to 80.81% at 10% and 40% inclusion of pigeon pea flour respectively. Pasting characteristic decreased with increased pigeon pea inclusion. Peak viscosity decreased from 341.92 to 219.80 (RVU) final viscosity from 301.71 to 191.00 (RVU), setback value from 82.29 to 58.21 (RVU) likewise the peak time from 4.93 to 4.33 min at 10% and 40% level of inclusion of pigeon pea respectively. There was a slight significant difference in overall acceptability between 10% level of inclusion and the control (100% cassava flour). © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Fufu; Pasting characteristics and sensory evaluation; Pigeon pea flour	carbohydrate; fat; protein; article; ash; cassava; controlled study; flour; food analysis; food composition; food control; food handling; food processing; food quality; nonhuman; nutrient content; nutritional status; nutritional value; pigeonpea; viscosity; Cajanus cajan; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892568639	Personality characteristics as predictors of academic performance of secondary school students	Akomolafe M.J.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	2	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n2p657	Department of Guidance and Counselling, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B 001, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria	Akomolafe, M.J., Department of Guidance and Counselling, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B 001, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria	The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of personality characteristics to academic performance of secondary school students. The correlational type of descriptive reseach design was used for the study. Three hundred and ninety eight students constituted the study's sample. Both the independent and dependent variables were measured with relevant standardized instruments. Two research questions were answered in the study. Findings showed that personality dimentions jointly and relatively predicted academic performance except neuroticism. The findings imply that teachers should construct learning environments that take into consideration students' individual differences and strengths. Appropriate counselling interventions should be used to assist students experiencing worry, anxiety, frustration and stress to deal with their concerns.	Academic performance; Big Five; Personality; Personality characteristic	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863473652	Impact of an educational intervention on the prescribing of antimalarials at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital	Akoria O.A., Olowofela A.	2011	International Journal of Health Research	4	3	None	Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Benin, Nigeria; University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria	Akoria, O.A., Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Benin, Nigeria, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria; Olowofela, A., Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Benin, Nigeria	Purpose: To evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on antimalarial prescribing among internal medicine residents at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Methods: A sample of residents was given blank prescription orders to write prescriptions for uncomplicated malaria. This was followed the next day by educational intervention which focused on the World Health Organization's 'P Drug Concept' using malaria as a case study. One week later, the initial survey was repeated. Baseline and post-intervention prescriptions were matched by consensus between the authors and scored. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 16.0 using paired t tests for prescription scores. Results: Forty-six residents participated in the baseline survey and 49 postintervention; 31 pairs of prescriptions matched. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) accounted for 81% of antimalarials prescribed at baseline, 75% of which were in brand names. No prescription stated dosage in milligrams at baseline. Generic prescribing improved with less than 50% of prescriptions written in brand names post-intervention (p = 0.001). One resident provided instructions for labelling post-intervention. Conclusion: Focused educational intervention resulted in improved generic prescribing of antimalarials in this experimental setting. Routine academic meetings should provide opportunities which can be inexpensively used for interventions to improve the utilization of medicines in Nigerian health care facilities. © Poracom Academic Publishers. All rights reserved.	Antimalarial prescribing; Benin city; Educational intervention; Residents	antimalarial agent; generic drug; article; drug labeling; human; medical education; Nigeria; outcome assessment; prescription; residency education; teaching hospital; university hospital	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65649125312	From tailors to mini-manufacturers: The role of traders in the performance of garment enterprises in Kenya	Akoten J.E., Otsuka K.	2007	Journal of African Economies	16	4	10.1093/jae/ejl047	Institute of Policy Analysis and Research (IPAR), Nairobi, Kenya; Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development, 7-22-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8677, Japan	Akoten, J.E., Institute of Policy Analysis and Research (IPAR), Nairobi, Kenya; Otsuka, K., Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development, 7-22-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8677, Japan	Industrial clusters are believed to play a significant role in the promotion and development of small enterprises. One channel through which industrial clusters enhance enterprise performance is by reducing transaction costs in marketing through traders. Using survey data on clustered micro and small garment producers in Nairobi, this article demonstrates, through a series of regression analyses that take into account endogeneity problem, that tailors, who are family-based shop operators in three industrial clusters in Nairobi, are less likely to use outside workshops to produce standardized garment products and have a lower employment growth rate than mini-manufacturers, who operate factory-like workshops outside the cluster. It is also shown that the well educated and highly socially networked tailors who are capable of producing a certain product quality standard are likely to link up with traders to become mini-manufacturers over time. This suggests that transactions with traders enable mini-manufacturers to outperform tailors, thereby contributing to the transformation of the mode of industrial production in developing economies. © The author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Centre for the Study of African Economies. All rights reserved.	None	developing world; employment; garment industry; growth rate; industrial performance; manufacturing; marketing; regression analysis; small and medium-sized enterprise; transaction cost; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Nairobi [Kenya]; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746531217	The determinants of credit access and its impacts on micro and small enterprises: The case of garment producers in Kenya	Akoten J.E., Sawada Y., Otsuka K.	2006	Economic Development and Cultural Change	54	4	10.1086/503585	Ministry of Trade and Industry, Kenya; University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development, Japan	Akoten, J.E., Ministry of Trade and Industry, Kenya; Sawada, Y., University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Otsuka, K., Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development, Japan	To explore the factors affecting access to various credit sources for micro and small enterprises (MSEs) and to identify the impacts of those factors on profitability and employment growth, data exclusively collected from a stratified random sample of micro and small garment producers in three garment clusters in Nairobi, Kenya were employed. It was found that MSEs in Kenya attempt to resolve the scarcity of credit by borrowing from diverse sources of credit, including such indigenous credit sources as rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs). In all the clusters studied, ROSCAs are the most important credit source at the cluster with the highest density of active garment producers.	None	employment; garment industry; microenterprise; profitability; random walk method; small and medium-sized enterprise; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898855179	The impact of microinsurance on household asset accumulation in Ghana: An asset index approach	Akotey J.O., Adjasi C.	2014	Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance: Issues and Practice	39	2	10.1057/gpp.2014.6	University of Stellenbosch Business School, P.O. Box 610, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa	Akotey, J.O., University of Stellenbosch Business School, P.O. Box 610, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Adjasi, C., University of Stellenbosch Business School, P.O. Box 610, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa	This paper examines the link between microinsurance services and households' asset accumulation in Ghana. Using FINSCOPE data from the nation-wide household surveys conducted by FinMark Trust, we created a household asset index using the multiple correspondence analysis approach. We employed three methods: Heckman sample selection, instrumental variable and treatment effects models to estimate the impact of microinsurance on household asset accumulation. These models control for the problem of endogeneity treatment effects and self-selection bias associated with the usage of microinsurance services. The findings show that microinsurance has a positive welfare impact in terms of household asset accumulation. This suggests that microinsurance prevents asset pawning and liquidation of essential household assets at "give away" prices. By absorbing the risk of low-income households, insurance equips them to cope effectively with risk, empowers them to escape poverty and sustains the welfare gains achieved. © 2014 The International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics 1018-5895/14.	Asset accumulation; Ghana; Households; Microinsurance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907814663	Evaluation of Owabi Reservoir (Ghana) water quality using factor analysis	Akoto O., Abankwa E.	2014	Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management	19	3	10.1111/lre.12066	Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, KIA, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Akoto, O., Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, KIA, Kumasi, Ghana; Abankwa, E., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	The Owabi Reservoir receives water inflows from several streams that drain through the rapidly urbanizing towns in the Kumasi metropolis. The reservoir catchment had been encroached upon by various human activities, resulting in the generation of large volumes of waste water being discharged into streams draining to the reservoir. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the water quality of Owabi Reservoir. Water samples from 10 sampling sites within the reservoir were analysed for various water quality parameters; namely, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sulphate (SO4 2-), phosphate (PO43-), chloride (Cl-), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), total dissolved solids (TSS), turbidity, faecal coliform and E. coli. The measured water quality parameters were compared to the guidelines proposed by the WHO for drinking water and natural background levels. Mean values for Pb, As, turbidity, TDS, faecal coliform and E. coli were greater than the WHO guidelines. Factor analysis for the measured parameters resulted in the extraction of five factors accounting for 83.13% of the total variance. Factor 1 showed strong loadings for PO43-, SO4 2- and TDS, reflecting a negative influence on the water quality by agricultural discharges. Factor 2 showed high loadings for EC, Cl- and apparent colour, while Factor 3 registered high loadings for colour and faecal coliform, suggesting domestic wastewater discharges and the presence of decaying organic matter. Factors 4 and 5 showed high loadings for copper, lead, turbidity and E. coli, an indication of both organic and inorganic pollution. Accordingly, periodic monitoring of Owabi Reservoir water quality, and the streams draining into it, is recommended as a means of ensuring good water quality, as well as facilitating the identification of the possible types and sources of water pollutants entering the reservoir. © 2014 Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.	Factor analysis; Human activities; Owabi Reservoir; Pollution; Water quality	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876473966	Evaluation of proximate composition, mineral element and anti-nutrient in almond (Terminalia catappa) seeds	Akpakpan A.E., Akpabio U.D.	2012	Research Journal of Applied Sciences	7	9	10.3923/rjasci.2012.489.493	Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	Akpakpan, A.E., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Akpabio, U.D., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	Proximate composition, mineral elements, anti-nutrients (toxicants) and lipid characteristics were determined for almond {Terminalia catappa) seeds. The results obtained showed the proximate composition of 25.23% moisture; 5.00% ash; 32.73% lipid; 33.66% crude fibre; 3.11% crude protein; 25.47% carbohydrate and caloric value 534.200 kcal. Mineral elements determined were P, Na, K, Fe, Mg and Ca while the anti-nutrients evaluated were hydrogen cyanide, oxalate and tannin. Almond seed oil was also characterized. The chemical properties of the oil showed that the oil contain high sapomfication value with low iodine value hence the oil is not recommended for soap making but is recommended for cosmetics industries. © Medwell Journals, 2012.	Almond seed; Anti-nutrients; Mineral elements; Oil characteristic; Proximate composition	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887140341	Economic analysis of climate variability impact on malaria prevalence: The case of Ghana	Akpalu W., Codjoe S.N.A.	2013	Sustainability (Switzerland)	5	10	10.3390/su5104362	Farmingdale State College, State University of New York, 2350 Broadhollow Road, Farmingdale, NY 11735, United States; Center for Environmental Economics Research and Consultancy (CEERAC), P. O. Box CS 9379, Tema, Ghana; Regional Institute for Population Studies (RIPS), University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 96, Legon, Ghana	Akpalu, W., Farmingdale State College, State University of New York, 2350 Broadhollow Road, Farmingdale, NY 11735, United States, Center for Environmental Economics Research and Consultancy (CEERAC), P. O. Box CS 9379, Tema, Ghana; Codjoe, S.N.A., Regional Institute for Population Studies (RIPS), University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 96, Legon, Ghana	A number of studies exist on the relationship between climatic factors and malaria prevalence. However, due to scarcity of data, most of the studies are based on biophysical experiments and do not control for socioeconomic covariates. This research, which uses data on Ghana, contributes to the thin literature that addresses this limitation. We found that humidity and rainfall predict malaria prevalence. Furthermore, our results suggest that malaria prevalence increases with rainfall, the proportion of middle income households, and the proportion of households with no formal education. The corresponding elasticity coefficients are 0.67, 0.12 and 0.66, respectively. Significant differences in the prevalence rate have also been observed across regions. © 2013 by the authors.	Climate change; Ghana; Granger-causality; Malaria prevalence; Maximum entropy	climate effect; climate variation; disease prevalence; economic analysis; educational attainment; Granger causality test; humidity; malaria; maximum entropy analysis; precipitation (climatology); socioeconomic status; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872225541	Personality variables as predictors of leadership role performance effectiveness of administrators of public secondary schools in Cross River State, Nigeria	Akpan C.P., Archibong I.A.	2012	International Education Studies	5	4	10.5539/ies.v5n4p212	Department of Educational Administration and Planning, Faculty of Education, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Department of Educational Foundations, Administration Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Cross River State	Akpan, C.P., Department of Educational Administration and Planning, Faculty of Education, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria; Archibong, I.A., Department of Educational Foundations, Administration Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria	The study sought to find out the predictive effect of self-concept, self-efficacy, self-esteem and locus of control on the instructional and motivational leadership roles performance effectiveness of administrators of public secondary schools in Cross River State of Nigeria. The relative contribution of each of the independent variables to the prediction was also investigated. The survey design was adopted for the study. The study sample consistedof 400 school administrators. Two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Two sets of instruments namely, Personality Factor Questionnaire (PFQ) and Administrator Leadership Roles Performance Questionnaire (ALRPQ) with reliability indices of 0.75 and 0.72 respectively, were used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of the study revealed that self-efficacy, locus of control and self-concept contributed significantly to the prediction of administrators' effectiveness in instructional leadership role performance while self-esteem did not. Also, self-concept, self-efficacy, and self-esteem relatively made significant contributions to the prediction of administrators' effectiveness in motivational leadership role performance while locus of control did not. Based on these findings, it was recommended among other things that personality test should be used as a tool for appointment of school administrators.	Effectiveness; Leadership; Locus of control; Personality; Roles; Self-concept; Self-efficacy; Self-esteem	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884813613	The impact of rural electrification on rural micro-enterprises in niger delta, nigeria	Akpan U., Essien M., Isihak S.	2013	Energy for Sustainable Development	17	5	10.1016/j.esd.2013.06.004	Sustainability, Policy, Innovative Development Research (SPIDER) Solutions Nigeria, 15 Etim Umana Street, Eniong Offot, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	Akpan, U., Sustainability, Policy, Innovative Development Research (SPIDER) Solutions Nigeria, 15 Etim Umana Street, Eniong Offot, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Essien, M., Sustainability, Policy, Innovative Development Research (SPIDER) Solutions Nigeria, 15 Etim Umana Street, Eniong Offot, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria; Isihak, S., Sustainability, Policy, Innovative Development Research (SPIDER) Solutions Nigeria, 15 Etim Umana Street, Eniong Offot, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria	This study examines the impact of rural electrification through extension of existing grid on rural micro-enterprises in Niger Delta, Nigeria. The study used purposive sampling and obtained data using structured questionnaires and personal interviews with the owners of the micro-enterprises. From the data, summary information was obtained and the impact of connection to grid-electricity on the micro-enterprises was examined using a log-linear regression model. The result shows that although not statistically significant, on average, enterprises in communities connected to the electricity grid are 16.2% more profitable than enterprises in communities not connected to the grid, and the use of generating sets in providing back-up electricity makes micro-enterprises more profitable. The study also observed that micro-enterprise owners are fully aware of the importance of electricity access to the profitability of their businesses and those who can afford to buy generating sets willingly do so. Incidentally, the total expenditure on generating sets by some enterprises is up to three times (3. ×) the tariff for grid-electricity in rural areas. The high cost of self-generated electricity increases the total cost of doing business in rural areas thus reducing the profit margin of the micro-enterprises. In conclusion, for rural electrification to be more effective in improving the living standard of rural dwellers, the larger problem of increasing the national generating capacity and the availability of grid-electricity should be tackled, and rural electrification programs should be carried out alongside other programs that reduce the barriers to establishing micro-enterprises like the creation of rural agricultural co-operatives to promote the productive use of electricity. © 2013 International Energy Initiative.	Impact; Micro-enterprises; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Rural areas; Rural electrification	cooperative sector; expenditure; microenterprise; profitability; regression analysis; rural area; rural electrification; rural energy; tariff structure; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868142583	Impact of Cow Dung Manure on the Solubility of Copper, Lead, and Zinc in Urban Garden Soils from Northern Nigeria	Akpa S.I., Agbenin J.O.	2012	Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis	43	21	10.1080/00103624.2012.719976	Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Crop Science and Production, Botswana College of Agriculture, Private Bag 0027, Sebele, Gaborone, Botswana	Akpa, S.I., Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Agbenin, J.O., Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Department of Crop Science and Production, Botswana College of Agriculture, Private Bag 0027, Sebele, Gaborone, Botswana	Maintaining the quality of groundwater is a major consideration when developing management practices to effectively use cow dung manure (CDM) as a nutrient source and soil conditioner in agricultural production systems. This study examines the effect of CDM on the solubility of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in urban garden fields from Kaduna under long-term vegetable production. Soil samples were collected from Kakau, Kakuri, Trikaniya, and Romi in Kaduna metropolis in northern Nigeria. Soil-manure mixtures at the rate of 100 g CDM kg-1 soil were incubated for 2 weeks and analyzed for exchangeable [0.1 M calcium chloride (CaCl2)-extractable], mobile [1 M ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)-extractable], and potentially labile [0.05 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-extractable] copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). Addition of CDM increased exchangeable Cu in Kakuri and Romi and exchangeable Pb in Kakau and Kakuri, but decreased exchangeable Zn across the sites. The addition of CDM increased mobile Cu and Pb in all the sites. Although there was a decrease in mobile Zn in Kakau and Romi after the soil-manure incubation period, mobile Zn increased in Trikaniya and Kakuri. Furthermore, CDM decreased potentially labile Cu, Pb, and Zn in all the sites except for Romi, which increased labile Cu. To sustain the quality of soil and minimize groundwater pollution and food chain contamination, use of CDM in urban garden soils polluted with Cu, Pb, and Zn should be regulated or discouraged entirely to reduce the mobility of these metals. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	Cow dung manure; exchangeable; garden soils; labile metals; mobile	agricultural production; copper; food chain; garden; groundwater pollution; lead; manure; soil pollution; solubility; water quality; zinc; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36849031236	Impact assessment of university-based rural youths Agricultural Extension Out-Reach Program in selected villages of Kaduna-State, Nigeria	Akpoko J.G., Kudi T.M.	2007	Journal of Applied Sciences	7	21	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria	Akpoko, J.G., Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria; Kudi, T.M., Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria	The concern about youths development borders on the believe that they constitute an important labour forbe which can easily become leaders in employing and innovating modem techniques of agricultural production. The National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria in recognition of these potentials has established a rural youths extension out-reach Program to encourage the youths to adopt modem techniques of agricultural production. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of this program on agricultural production. This study was carried out during the 2005/2006 cropping season by comparing the performance of the program participants with non-participants. The results revealed that the participants had an adoption level of improved practices higher than the non-participants. This was further confirmed by the significant relationship found between respondents access to extension services and level of adoption (R = 0.46, p = 0.01). Yield of major crops and income of farmers were slightly higher among the participants than the non-participants. The results of the study have helped to identify for the benefit of policy makers, the type of extension approaches required to encourage rural youths to adopt modern fanning techniques. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Crop yields; Farmers income; Impact assessment; Rural youths; University-based extension out-reach	Adoption level; Agricultural productions; Crop yield; Cropping seasons; Farmers income; Impact assessments; Policy makers; University-based extension out-reach; Modems; Agriculture	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-25144520135	Evaluation of physico-chemical and sensory qualities of African breadfruit and sweet potato based supplementary foods	Akubor P.I.	2005	Journal of Food Science and Technology	42	4	None	Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B.-1037, Idah, Nigeria	Akubor, P.I., Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B.-1037, Idah, Nigeria	The chemical, physical and sensory characteristics of supplementary foods prepared from the blends of raw (untreated) and fermented sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) flour (SPF) and raw, fermented and germinated African breadfruit (Treculia africana Decene) kernel flour (ABKF) were studied. Fermentation and germination increased the protein but decreased fat and carbohydrate contents of ABKF. Similarly, fermentation increased the protein but not fat, carbohydrate and crude fiber contents of SPF. The protein contents of ABKF and SPF were 17.3% and 2.9%, respectively, and ranged between 14.3 and 16.1% for the blends. All the flour blends showed low bulk density of 0.71-0.77 g/cm3. The water absorption capacity (WAC) of SPF was 164% while that of ABKF was 150%. Fermentation and germination decreased the WAC of ABKF. Fermented SPF had lower WAC than the unfermented sample. A range of 106 to 158% WAC was observed for the blends. The reconstitution index of the blends in boiled water were 88 and 98 ml. Significant differences (p&lt;0.05) were observed in colour, flavour and overall acceptability of the SPF/ABKF based supplementary foods. Blends of raw SPF and raw ABKF, RSPF and fermented ABKF (FABKF); and fermented SPF (FSPF) and ABKF had comparable scores with Cerelac, a reference commercial weaning food, for most of the sensory quality attributes evaluated.	African breadfruit kernel flour; Chemical composition; Fermentation; Germination; Sensory quality; Sweet potato flour	Carbohydrates; Composition; Fermentation; Health care; Nutrition; Physical chemistry; Proteins; Water absorption; African breadfruit kernel flour; Germination; Sensory quality; Sweet potato flour; Food products; Artocarpus altilis; Ipomoea batatas; Treculia africana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-17444386363	Production and quality evaluation of a nonfermented beverage prepared from dehydrated plantain pulp	Akubor P.I.	2005	European Food Research and Technology	220	2	10.1007/s00217-004-1019-x	Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic, PMB 1037, Idah, Nigeria	Akubor, P.I., Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic, PMB 1037, Idah, Nigeria	Ripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca) pulp was cut into thin slices, oven dried (70°C, 6 h), milled, and sieved to produce flour. A beverage was formulated from the plantain flour at 1:7 (flour:water) ratio and 4% (w/v) sucrose addition level. The physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the beverage were evaluated. The effect of addition of various flavors on the sensory quality of the beverage was studied. The microbial status of the beverage was also assessed. The results showed that the plantain beverage contained 1.5% protein, 0.4% fat, 1.7% ash, 81% moisture, 15% total carbohydrate, 14 mg/100 ml ascorbic acid, and had pH 4.8. The sensory quality scores showed that the beverage was generally acceptable. Flavoring of the beverage did not significantly (p>0.05) improve its sensory quality attributes and overall acceptability preference. Total aerobic bacterial and Enterobacteriaceae counts were <100 cfu/ml. Yeast, mold, and Staphylococcus aureus were not detected in the plantain beverage. © Springer-Verlag 2004.	Beverage; Composition; Dehydration; Microbial status; Plantain; Sensory quality	Beverages; Composition; Crops; Dehydration; Fruits; pH effects; Sensors; Microbial status; Plantain; Ripe plantain; Sensory quality; Pulp; Beverages; Dehydration; Farm Crops; Formulations; Fruits; Ph; Pulps; Sensors; Bacteria (microorganisms); Enterobacteriaceae; Musa x paradisiaca; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924777770	Further evaluation of uPA and PAI-1 as biomarkers for prostatic diseases	Akudugu J., Serafin A., Böhm L.	2015	Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology	141	4	10.1007/s00432-014-1848-3	Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Akudugu, J., Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Serafin, A., Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Böhm, L., Division of Radiobiology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Purpose: To assay for uPA and PAI-1 in prostate tissue from 40 patients with prostatic disease and to examine the robustness of the correlation of the uPA/PAI-1 ratio with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa), previously identified in a different cohort of 62 patients.Methods: uPA and PAI-1 were extracted from liquid N<inf>2</inf> frozen homogenised prostate tissue with TRIS/Triton pH 8.5 buffer and measured by ELISA (FEMTELLE).Results: The concentration of uPA (mean ± SD) was found to be 0.1177 ± 0.0266 (range 0.0070–0.7200; n = 30) and 0.1092 ± 0.0130 (range 0.0040–0.7800; n = 70) for PCa and BPH patients, respectively. The concentration of PAI-1 was found to be 5.236 ± 0.688 ng/mg protein (range 1.10–15.19; n = 30) and 4.975 ± 0.501 ng/mg protein (range 0.20–25.00; n = 70) for PCa and BPH patients, respectively. The mean uPA/PAI-1 ratio was found to be 0.0479 ± 0.0060 (range 0.0043–0.1200; n = 30) in PCa samples and was significantly higher than BPH samples where the ratio was 0.0332 ± 0.0023 (range 0.0040–0.0860; n = 70) (P = 0.0064). In PCa patients older than 68 years, the uPA/PAI-1 ratio was above 0.050 reaching 0.100 in 73-year-old patients.Conclusions: Evaluation of 100 patients with prostatic pathologies (70 PCa; 30 BPH) shows the uPA/PAI-1 ratios in PCa patients to be significantly higher than in BPH patients. This is fully consistent with a previous study on 62 patients (16 were PCa; 46 BPH) where the ratios were 0.055 and 0.031 for PCa and BPH patients, respectively (P = 0.0028). In older PCa patients, uPA/PAI-1 ratios tend to be higher. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Correlation with prostatic disease; Prostate tissue resections; uPA/PAI-1 markers	plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; urokinase; biological marker; plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; urokinase; adult; aged; Article; cancer patient; clinical evaluation; cohort analysis; correlational study; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; human; human tissue; major clinical study; male; middle aged; pH; priority journal; prostate cancer; prostate hypertrophy; very elderly; age; differential diagnosis; metabolism; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; sensitivity and specificity; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biological Markers; Diagnosis, Differential; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Sensitivity and Specificity; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator	CANSA, National Research Foundation; 85703, National Research Foundation; 92741, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901931859	The dimensions of oil conflict and impact on Nigeria's federal relations: A review	Akume A.T.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	10 SPEC. ISSUE	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n10p222	Department Of Public Administration, CASSS, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria	Akume, A.T., Department Of Public Administration, CASSS, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria	Conflict is a natural human phenomenon. Its impact is however variegated and dependent on how it is handled. Nigeria is encumbered by conflicts that are occurring along political, social and economic fronts. Oil (petroleum) is an economic resource relevant to Nigeria's development but the disruptive disagreement, discontent and contention oil has continued to generate due to some perceived unfairness has made oil conflict to transcend economic, politics and social lines such that the entire national polity is tensed with strained relationships between groups on the one hand and on the other hand between groups and the state. This disagreement has significantly impaired Nigeria's developmental process. It is against this backdrop that this paper utilizing the documentary method and analytic approach examines the dimensions of oil conflict, the modes of its resolution and its impact on Nigeria.	Amnesty; And resource control; Conflict; Deprivation; Derivation; Frustration; Interest; Militancy; Niger-delta; Oil	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906887788	Potential impacts of climate change on precipitation over lake Victoria, East Africa, in the 21st century	Akurut M., Willems P., Niwagaba C.B.	2014	Water (Switzerland)	6	9	10.3390/w6092634	Department of Civil Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 40, bus 2448, Leuven 3001, Belgium; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Makerere University Kampala, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala 00256, Uganda; Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium	Akurut, M., Department of Civil Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 40, bus 2448, Leuven 3001, Belgium, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Makerere University Kampala, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala 00256, Uganda; Willems, P., Department of Civil Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 40, bus 2448, Leuven 3001, Belgium, Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium; Niwagaba, C.B., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Makerere University Kampala, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala 00256, Uganda	Precipitation over Lake Victoria in East Africa greatly influences its water balance. Over 30 million people rely on Lake Victoria for food, potable water, hydropower and transport. Projecting precipitation changes over the lake is vital in dealing with climate change impacts. The past and future precipitation over the lake were assessed using 42 model runs obtained from 26 General Circulation Models (GCMs) of the newest generation in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Two CMIP5 scenarios defined by Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP), namely RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, were used to explore climate change impacts. The daily precipitation over Lake Victoria for the period 1962-2002 was compared with future projections for the 2040s and 2075s. The ability of GCMs to project daily, monthly and annual precipitation over the lake was evaluated based on the mean error, root mean square error and the frequency of occurrence of extreme precipitation. Higher resolution models (grid size <1.5°) simulated monthly variations better than low resolution models (grid size >2.5°). The total annual precipitation is expected to increase by less than 10% for the RCP4.5 scenario and less than 20% for the RCP8.5 scenario over the 21st century, despite the higher (up to 40%) increase in extreme daily intensities.© 2014 by the authors, licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.	Climate change; General circulation models (GCMs); Lake Victoria; Precipitation; Representative concentration pathways (RCP)	Climate models; Computer simulation; Lakes; Mean square error; Potable water; Precipitation (chemical); Precipitation (meteorology); Annual precipitation; Climate change impact; Coupled Model Intercomparison Project; Extreme precipitation; General circulation model; Lake Victoria; Representative concentration pathways (RCP); Root mean square errors; Climate change	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884948338	Evaluation of cast Al-Si-Fe alloy/coconut shell ash particulate composites	Aku S.Y., Yawas D.S., Apasi A.	2013	Gazi University Journal of Science	26	3	None	Ahmadu Bello University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria	Aku, S.Y., Ahmadu Bello University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; Yawas, D.S., Ahmadu Bello University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; Apasi, A., Ahmadu Bello University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria	Al-7wt%Si-2wt%Fe alloy/Coconut shell ash(CSAp) composites having 3-15wt%coconut shell ash were fabricated by double stir-casting method. The microstructure, hardness values and density of the composites were evaluated. The density of the composites decreased as the percentage of coconut shell ash increases in the aluminum alloy. This means that composites of lower weight component can be produced by adding CSAp. Microstructural analysis showed fairy distribution of coconut shell ash particles in the aluminum alloy. The presence of the coconut shell ash particles in the matrix alloy resulted in a much smaller grain size in the cast composites compared to the matrix alloy as confirmed from X-ray diffractometer analysis. Significant improvement in hardness values is noticeable as the wt% of the coconut shell ash increased in the alloy. Hence, this work has established that incorporation of coconut shell particles in aluminum matrix can lead to the production of low cost aluminum composites with improved hardness values.	Aluminum alloy; Coconut shell ash; Density; Microstructure and hardness values	Aluminum composites; Aluminum matrix; Cast composites; Coconut shells; Hardness values; Microstructural analysis; Particulate composites; X ray diffractometers; Aluminum; Density (specific gravity); Hardness; Microstructure; Shells (structures); Silicon; Aluminum alloys	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892536195	The impacts of culture and religion, Ethnicity, politics and poverty on ethnic violence in Plateau State of Nigeria	Akwara A.F., Udaw J.E., Akwara N.F., Onimawo J.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	14	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n14p657	Department of Political Science, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria; Department of Office Technology Management, The Federal Polytechnic Idah, Kogi State, Nigeria; Department of Vocational and Technical Education, Ambrose Alli University Ekp	Akwara, A.F., Department of Political Science, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria; Udaw, J.E., Department of Political Science, Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria; Akwara, N.F., Department of Office Technology Management, The Federal Polytechnic Idah, Kogi State, Nigeria; Onimawo, J., Department of Vocational and Technical Education, Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria	Every ethnic nationality has got its own culture and cultural attributes by which the ethnic nationality is known and identified. The inter-play of these cultural attributes as religion or belief system, norms or rules of behaviour, language, history and artefacts, etc. gives rise to politics and determine the nature of the political process in the society, and also the level of pauperization of the people. This paper examines the concepts poverty, culture, politics, religion and ethnicity and how they have fuelled ethnic violence in Plateau State of Nigeria. The paper finds out that violence in the region is caused by the multiplicity of ethnic nationalities and cultures in the region; and the struggle for power and dominance between the cultures and ethnic nationalities within the region. These struggles create poverty through the destruction of human and material resources; and human and capital flight from the region. The poverty in turn causes anger, frustration and deprivations which further fuels the crises in the region and turns the crises into perpetual cycles that cannot end. The conflicts and violence therefore appear as liberation struggles by the native or indigenous population against the dominance of an alien population in the region. The paper therefore suggests the convocation of a sovereign national conference for the various ethnic nationalities in the country to discuss the basis on which the various ethnic nationalities can continue to remain under the authority of a single national government as the crises in the region affect the entire nation.	And violence; Culture; Ethnicity; Politics; Poverty; Religion	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33744914994	Usefulness of histological evaluation of excised nasopharyngeal tumour in a 12-year-old Nigerian boy mimicking adenoids	Alabi B.S., Rafindadi A.H., Saeed N., Anka A.	2006	International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology Extra	1	2	10.1016/j.pedex.2006.02.001	Department of Otolaryngology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Federal Medical Centre, Gusau, Nigeria; Department of Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria; Departments of Surgery and ENT, Federal Medical Centre, Gusau	Alabi, B.S., Department of Otolaryngology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Federal Medical Centre, Gusau, Nigeria; Rafindadi, A.H., Department of Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria; Saeed, N., Departments of Surgery and ENT, Federal Medical Centre, Gusau, Nigeria; Anka, A., Departments of Surgery and ENT, Federal Medical Centre, Gusau, Nigeria	Background/aim: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is the commonest benign nasopharyngeal tumour, which tends to bleed is found exclusively in male adolescents. This case was seen at the Federal Medical Centre, Gusau, Nigeria, a relatively new tertiary health institution in North Western Nigeria in May 2005, this is to stress the importance of excision biopsy for tumours rather than incisional biopsy in an environment with limited facilities. Results: This 12-year-old male Nigerian boy presented with nasal obstruction, obstructive sleep apnoea and nasal speech previously treated by the native doctors. The tumour was diagnosed based on clinical, posterior rhinoscopy and plain radiological findings and it was surgically excised via a transpalatal approach and histological evaluation of the excised tumour revealed juvenile angiofibroma. Conclusions: The management is discussed with reference to the literature and the limitation of diagnostic facilities is highlighted in a developing country setting and the need for complete surgical excision rather than incisional biopsy especially in the unwary. © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Histology; Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma; Male adolescents; Posterior rhinoscopy; Transpalatal approach	adenoid; article; biopsy technique; case report; clinical feature; computer assisted tomography; developing country; diagnostic value; ear nose throat surgery; endoscopy; excision; health care facility; histopathology; human; intermethod comparison; male; medical literature; nasopharynx fibroma; nasopharynx tumor; Nigeria; nose obstruction; school child; sleep apnea syndrome; surgical approach; tertiary health care	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904865493	Book availability and performance measure in an academic library: The case of the Walter Sisulu University (WSU) library, Mthatha Campus	Alabi G.A.	2011	Library Philosophy and Practice	2011	JAN	None	Department of Library and Information Science, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa	Alabi, G.A., Department of Library and Information Science, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880132414	Effects of urea-treated fibrous diets on nutrient intake, digestibility, performance and haematological parameters of Yankasa rams	Alabi J.O., Arigbede M., Ng'ambi J., Norris D., Shiawoya E., Onyekachi S.	2013	Tropical Animal Health and Production	45	6	10.1007/s11250-013-0368-5	Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X 1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa; Department of Pasture and Range Management, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Depa	Alabi, J.O., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X 1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa; Arigbede, M., Department of Pasture and Range Management, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Ng'ambi, J., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X 1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa; Norris, D., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X 1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa; Shiawoya, E., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria; Onyekachi, S., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of urea-treated fibrous diets on the intake, nutrient digestibility, performance and haematological parameters of Yankasa rams. A total of 48 Yankasa rams (BW 10.00 ± 1.50 kg; 6-8 months old) were allocated into four treatment groups in a completely randomised design (12 rams per treatment). Animals were placed on complete rations of yam peels, maize bran and rice husk treated with 0, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 % urea. The experiment lasted for 18 weeks. Yankasa rams fed with urea-treated diets had higher feed intake (949.88 and 938.04 g/day for U15 and U20, respectively), daily weight gain (227.67 and 181.00 g/day for U15 and U20, respectively) and better feed conversion ratio (4.17 and 5.18 for U15 and U20, respectively). Rams on urea-treated diets had higher haemoglobin and red blood cell contents and higher weight gains, indicating that urea treatment enhanced nutrient supply and utilisation at the tissue level. It was concluded that urea treatment of fibrous farm by-products is a promising feeding strategy especially during the dry season when there is scarcity of high-quality forages. Addition of 1.5 % urea to roughage diets and farm by-products to form a total mixed ration may preclude the search for supplements. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	By-product; Fibrous diet; Haematological analyses; Urea; Yankasa rams	urea; animal; animal disease; animal food; article; blood analysis; caloric intake; diet; diet supplementation; dietary fiber; digestion; domestic sheep; feeding behavior; male; metabolism; Nigeria; physiology; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Energy Intake; Feeding Behavior; Male; Nigeria; Sheep, Domestic; Urea; Animalia; Dioscorea alata; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862826827	Comparative evaluation of environmental contamination and DNA damage induced by electronic-waste in Nigeria and China	Alabi O.A., Bakare A.A., Xu X., Li B., Zhang Y., Huo X.	2012	Science of the Total Environment	423	None	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.01.056	Analytic Cytology Laboratory, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Biosciences and Biotechnology Department, Babcock University, Ilisan-remo, Ogun State, Nigeria; Cell Biology and Ge	Alabi, O.A., Analytic Cytology Laboratory, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China, Biosciences and Biotechnology Department, Babcock University, Ilisan-remo, Ogun State, Nigeria, Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Bakare, A.A., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Xu, X., Analytic Cytology Laboratory, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Li, B., Analytic Cytology Laboratory, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Zhang, Y., Analytic Cytology Laboratory, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Huo, X., Analytic Cytology Laboratory, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China	In the last decade, China and Nigeria have been prime destinations for the world's e-waste disposal leading to serious environmental contamination. We carried out a comparative study of the level of contamination using soils and plants from e-waste dumping and processing sites in both countries. Levels of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed using gas chromatography/spectrophotometry and heavy metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. DNA damage was assayed in human peripheral blood lymphocytes using an alkaline comet assay. Soils and plants were highly contaminated with toxic PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs, and heavy metals in both countries. Soil samples from China and plant samples from Nigeria were more contaminated. There was a positive correlation between the concentrations of organics and heavy metals in plant samples and the surrounding soils. In human lymphocytes, all tested samples induced significant (p < 0.05) concentration-dependent increases in DNA damage compared with the negative control. These findings suggest that e-waste components/constituents can accumulate, in soil and surrounding vegetation, to toxic and genotoxic levels that could induce adverse health effects in exposed individuals. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Comet assay; DNA damage; Electronic waste; Heavy metals; Organic contaminants	Adverse health effects; Alkaline comet assay; Atomic absorption spectrophotometry; Comet assays; Comparative evaluations; Comparative studies; Concentration-dependent; DNA damage; DNA damages; e-Waste; Electronic waste; Environmental contamination; Genotoxic; Human lymphocytes; Human peripheral blood; Negative control; Nigeria; Organic contaminant; Organics; Plant samples; Polyaromatic hydrocarbons; Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs); Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs); Positive correlations; Soil sample; Surrounding soils; Contamination; DNA; Electronic equipment; Heavy metals; Hydrocarbons; Organic pollutants; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Soils; Waste disposal; Wastes; Soil pollution; chromium; copper; DNA; heavy metal; iron; lead; manganese; nickel; polybrominated diphenyl ether; polychlorinated biphenyl; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; soil organic matter; bioaccumulation; comparative study; DNA; genotoxicity; health impact; heavy metal; organic pollutant; PAH; PBDE; PCB; plant; pollution exposure; soil pollution; waste disposal; article; atomic absorption spectrometry; bioaccumulation; China; comet assay; comparative study; concentration (parameters); controlled study; correlation analysis; DNA damage; dumping; electronic waste; environmental exposure; gas chromatography; genotoxicity; human; human cell; Nigeria; nonhuman; peripheral lymphocyte; phytotoxicity; priority journal; soil analysis; soil pollution; vegetation; waste disposal; China; Comet Assay; DNA Damage; Electronics; Environmental Pollutants; Environmental Pollution; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Metals, Heavy; Nigeria; Plants; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Recycling; Soil; Waste Management; China; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858609057	Effects of dried baker's yeast inclusion in rice husk-based diets on performance and egg quality parameters in laying hens	Alabi O.J., Shiwoya E.L., Ayanwale B.A., Mbajiorgu C.A., Ng'ambi J.W., Egena S.S.A.	2012	Indian Journal of Animal Research	46	1	None	Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria; Department of Agriculture, Aniaml Health and Human Ecology, University of South African, South Africa; Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Pr	Alabi, O.J., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria; Shiwoya, E.L., Department of Agriculture, Aniaml Health and Human Ecology, University of South African, South Africa; Ayanwale, B.A., Department of Agriculture, Aniaml Health and Human Ecology, University of South African, South Africa; Mbajiorgu, C.A., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Ng'ambi, J.W., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria; Egena, S.S.A., Department of Agriculture, Aniaml Health and Human Ecology, University of South African, South Africa	The study was conducted to investigate the effects of dried baker's yeast inclusion in rice huskbased diets on performance and egg quality parameters in laying hens. A total of 150 Isa brown laying hens aged 25 weeks were allocated to five dietary treatments (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 % yeast inclusion level) with three replicates per treatment in a complete randomized design. The experiment lasted for twelve weeks. Hens fed diets with yeast had higher (P<0.05) final body weight, egg weight, egg albumen height and egg albumen weight than the control. The final body weight, egg weight, albumen weight and albumen height were optimized at 0.70, 0.99, 0.49 and 0.78, respectively. It was concluded that dried baker's yeast inclusion in rice husk-based diets improved egg weight, egg albumen height and albumen weight in Isa brown hens.	Dried baker; Laying hens; Rice husk; Yeast	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349200981	The decline of tuberculosis in Yemen: Evaluation based on two nationwide tuberculin surveys	Al-Absi A., Bassili A., Abdul Bary H., Barker A., Daniels M., Munim A., Seita A., Williams B., Dye C.	2009	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	13	9	None	National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Sana'a, Yemen; Tropical Disease Research, Stop TB, World Health Organization, Abdul Razzak Al Sanhouri Street, Nasr City, Cairo 11371, Egypt; Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Cape Town, South Africa; World Health Organization, Khartoum, Sudan; Stop TB, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland	Al-Absi, A., National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Sana'a, Yemen; Bassili, A., Tropical Disease Research, Stop TB, World Health Organization, Abdul Razzak Al Sanhouri Street, Nasr City, Cairo 11371, Egypt; Abdul Bary, H., National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Sana'a, Yemen; Barker, A., Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Cape Town, South Africa; Daniels, M., Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Cape Town, South Africa; Munim, A., World Health Organization, Khartoum, Sudan; Seita, A., Tropical Disease Research, Stop TB, World Health Organization, Abdul Razzak Al Sanhouri Street, Nasr City, Cairo 11371, Egypt; Williams, B., Stop TB, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Dye, C., Stop TB, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland	SETTING: Yemen. OBJECTIVE: To review the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis (TB) in Yemen by conducting a tuberculin survey and by comparing the results obtained with those of a previous tuberculin survey from 1991. DESIGN: A nationwide tuberculin survey enrolling 31276 schoolchildren aged between 7 and 12 years. RESULTS: Skin indurations were recorded for 28499 schoolchildren, of whom 16927 (59.4%) had no bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) scar. Analysis of the distribution of indurations was difficult as it did not show any bimodal pattern. Prevalence of infection and annual risk of tuberculosis infection (ARTI) were thus estimated using the mirror image and mixture methods, and not the cut-off point method. The two methods indicated similar results: respectively 0.45% and 0.51% for prevalence of infection, and 0.05% and 0.05% for ARTI. In comparison with the 1991 tuberculin survey, the average annual decline of ARTI was 9.0% by the mirror method and 5.5% by the mixture method. CONCLUSION: Yemen seems to have a low ARTI (0.05%), and TB infection seems to be declining considerably. Analysis of the survey results highlighted the limitations of tuberculin surveys in countries with comparable epidemiological situations. © 2009 The Union.	Annual risk of TB infection; Prevalence; Tuberculin survey; Tuberculosis	BCG vaccine; tuberculin; article; child; controlled study; female; human; major clinical study; male; prevalence; priority journal; school child; skin induration; tuberculosis; Yemen; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Population Surveillance; Prevalence; Risk Assessment; Time Factors; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis; Yemen	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79954477937	Evaluation of the hypoglycaemic activity of bauhinia monandra leaf in alloxan- diabetic rats and INS-1 insulin cells	Alade G.O., Omobuwajo O.R., Adebajo C.A., Verspohl E.J.	2011	Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research	3	2	None	Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Institut	Alade, G.O., Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria; Omobuwajo, O.R., Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria; Adebajo, C.A., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Verspohl, E.J., Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westfalische Wilhelms University, Hittorfstraße 58 - 62, Münster, Germany	The plant, Bauhinia monandra Kurz, (Caesalpinaceae) is an ornamental. Traditionally, the leaves are used in the treatment of diabetes. 4.150 kg of the dried leaves of B. monandra was extracted with methanol (cold extraction), concentrated in vacuo to obtain 300 g of extract. Oral administration (p.o.) of the methanolic extract at 2 g/kg administered to alloxan-diabetic rats showed significant blood glucose reduction of 65% at the end of a 4 hour period similar to the effect of glibenclamide (5 mg/kg, p.o). The methanolic extract was successively partitioned into ethylacetate, butanol and water fractions, and the same test showed that the butanol fraction (2 g/kg) had 67.4%, Water fraction had 71.5% hypoglycaemic activity at 4 hours after oral administration comparable to that of glibenclamide (67.8%) in the in vivo model. Subfractions of the butanol fraction (BMBuF7; 1 g/kg, BMBuF7C; 0.75 g/kg) reduced hyperglycaemia in alloxan-diabetic rats to 62 and 66% respectively and induced insulin release from INS-1 cells. Quercetin-3-rutinoside was isolated from the butanol fraction and characterrized. The results justify the ethnomedical use of the plant in the management of diabetes and sugests that stimulating insulin release is one of the modes of action of the butanol fraction and some of its subfractions.	Bauhinia monandra; Blood glucose; Hypoglycaemic activity; Quercetin	acetic acid ethyl ester; alloxan; antidiabetic agent; Bauhinia monandra extract; butanol; glibenclamide; glucose; insulin; methanol; plant extract; rutoside; unclassified drug; water; alloxan diabetes mellitus; animal experiment; animal model; article; Bauhinia; Bauhinia monandra; blood glucose monitoring; controlled study; diabetes mellitus; drug effect; drug efficacy; drug mechanism; drug screening; glucose blood level; hyperglycemia; in vivo study; insulin release; male; nonhuman; pancreas islet beta cell; plant leaf; rat; treatment duration	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872745024	Physicochemical analysis and evaluation of trace metals in some locally prepared herbal decoctions sold in Niger Delta region of Nigeria	Alade G.O., Vaikosen E.N., Ebeshi B.U.	2012	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research	4	2	None	Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria	Alade, G.O., Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria; Vaikosen, E.N., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria; Ebeshi, B.U., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Nigeria	The use of herbal products in Yenagoa and the rate of their increasing promotion on mass media is also alarming. Their safety is not really clearly understood.The physiochemical properties and heavy metal contaminants (Pb, Cd, Co, Zn and Fe) in four (4) decoctions marketed by hawkers in Yenagoa and its environs in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria were investigated. Heavy metals were determined using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). All the decoctions were acidic and pH values ranged between 6.18 ± 0.004 and 6.96 ± 0.071. The total solids are between 1.96 ± 0.011 and 4.35 ± 0.045 % w/v.The level of Cd were below detection limit (BDL) in all decoctions. Pb and Co were only detected in samples 4 and 1 respectively. The concentrations of Pb and Co were 60.669 ± 1.893 μg/mL and 0.015± 0.001 μg/mL respectively. The daily consumption of Pb and Co is equivalent to 18200.7μg/day and 4.5 μg/day respectively as prescribed by hawkers. The Pb content significantly exceeded the WHO acceptable daily intake of 200 - 250 μg/day for an adult. The concentration of zinc in decoctions ranged from BDL -1.578 ± 0.002 μg/mL and is detected only in sample 4, while Fe content ranged from BDL - 7.183 ± 0.051 μg/m. Their daily equivalents as prescribed were below the maximum permissible levels acceptable to FAO/WHO and UK dietary regulatory limits.	Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS); Decoctions; Hawkers; Heavy metals	cadmium; cobalt; iron; lead; trace metal; zinc; accuracy; article; atomic absorption spectrometry; chemical analysis; concentration (parameters); controlled study; food analysis; food intake; herb; herbal medicine; limit of detection; Nigeria; nonhuman; pH measurement; physical chemistry; phytochemistry; relative density; risk assessment; risk factor; soil pollution	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35948984184	Science laboratory environment and academic performance	Aladejana F., Aderibigbe O.	2007	Journal of Science Education and Technology	16	6	10.1007/s10956-007-9072-4	Institute of Education, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Special Education and Curriculum Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Aladejana, F., Institute of Education, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Aderibigbe, O., Department of Special Education and Curriculum Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	The study determined how students assess the various components of their science laboratory environment. It also identified how the laboratory environment affects students' learning outcomes. The modified ex-post facto design was used. A sample of 328 randomly selected students was taken from a population of all Senior Secondary School chemistry students in a state in Nigeria. The research instrument, Science Laboratory Environment Inventory (SLEI) designed and validated by Fraser et al. (Sci Educ 77:1-24, 1993) was administered on the selected students. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and Product Moment Correlation. Findings revealed that students could assess the five components (Student cohesiveness, Open-endedness, Integration, Rule clarity, and Material Environment) of the laboratory environment. Student cohesiveness has the highest assessment while material environment has the least. The results also showed that the five components of the science laboratory environment are positively correlated with students' academic performance. The findings are discussed with a view to improving the quality of the laboratory environment, subsequent academic performance in science and ultimately the enrolment and retaining of learners in science. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Environment; Integration; Material environment; Open-endedness; Rule clarity; Student cohesiveness	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855166176	Design, construction, test and evaluation of a stand alone 75 watts solar electric generator	Alade M.O., Ogherowo E.P., Durodola O.M.	2010	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	5	4	10.3923/jeasci.2010.337.341	Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	Alade, M.O., Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ogherowo, E.P., Department of Physics, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Durodola, O.M., Department of Physics, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	In this study, a stand alone 75 watt solar electric generator is designed and constructed to convert the solar radiation of appropriate wavelength from the sun into direct electric current based on photovoltaic principle. The system has proven to meet the necessary requirement under laboratory testing with only few shortcomings. The system can be employed to supply power to laboratory equipment such as signal generator, oscilloscope, network analyzer and spectnnn analyzer (all in the power range of 75 watts) useful in field research of electronic communication research. The 75 watt solar electric generator designed and constructed is also useful in remote areas to produce electric power where there is no easy accesibility to utility electric power or other useful sources of electric power. © Medwell Journals, 2010.	75 watts solar electric generator; Construction; Design; Measurement; Nigeria; Stand alone	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23044501807	Screenhouse evaluation of atrazine for soil residual activity on growth, development and nutritional quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench) in southwestern Nigeria	Aladesanwa R.D.	2005	Crop Protection	24	10	10.1016/j.cropro.2005.01.022	Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Aladesanwa, R.D., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Atrazine is still by far the most widely used herbicide for selective weed control in maize in southwestern Nigeria following which vegetable crops may be sown to 'catch' remaining moisture under rainfed multiple cropping. This study examined under screenhouse conditions the effects of soil residual activity of atrazine at the recommended dose of 3.0 kg a.i. ha-1 on the growth, development and nutritional quality of okra at intervals of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks after treatment (WAT). Results indicated that atrazine significantly (P&lt;0.05) reduced plant height, total crop leaf area, and pod fresh weight in all the herbicide treatments relative to the control, but leaf number remained unaffected. Plant height, among other yield and nutritional quality indices, was found to be linearly and positively correlated with time interval between atrazine applications (P≤0.001; r=+0.98). The results of proximate analysis and determination of Vitamin C content of matured okra pods showed significant reductions in the levels of protein, fat, ash, crude fibre, carbohydrate, Vitamin C, calcium, iron, and moisture content in all the treatments involving atrazine application compared with control. It was concluded that okra should not be sown after maize in which atrazine has been used in order to avoid crop injury and reduced yield of pods with low nutritional value. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Maize; Soil residual activity	herbicide; weed control; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; World; Abelmoschus; Abelmoschus esculentus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39549114625	Evaluation of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) live mulch at different spacings for weed suppression and yield response of maize (Zea mays L.) in southwestern Nigeria	Aladesanwa R.D., Adigun A.W.	2008	Crop Protection	27	6	10.1016/j.cropro.2007.11.019	Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Aladesanwa, R.D., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Adigun, A.W., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, The Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	The use of living plants for ground cover management in food crops is very recent in spite of the fact that food crop production in chemically killed sod has been practiced for years. A randomized complete block field experiment was conducted over 2 years to evaluate the influence of sweet potato live mulch at different intra row spacings (60 cm×25 cm, 60 cm×50 cm and 60 cm×75 cm) on weed suppression and yield response of maize in southwestern Nigeria. Hoe-weeding once at 3 and 7 weeks after planting was included in the experimental set-up as the standard cultural weed control practice. Results indicated that all the spacing regimes tested significantly (P<0.05) suppressed weed growth and increased grain yield over the unweeded sole maize. Regressing weed growth parameters (Y) against decreasing intra row spacing expressed as increasing plant population density of the sweet potato intercrop (X) showed highly significant (P≤0.001) negative relationships. Of the treatments tested, maize plus sweet potato at 60 cm×25 cm and weeding once at 3 and 7 weeks after planting (WAP) produced the highest yields, but bearing in mind the economics of labour input, weed control and yield, maize plus sweet potato at 60 cm×50 cm would appear to be the most promising of all the treatments. The results of this study further confirm the potential of sweet potato as a suitable crop for use as live mulch that can be effectively exploited for weed suppression and improved growth and yield responses in maize. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Arable crop; Live mulch; Tropics; Weed control	crop production; ground cover; intercropping; maize; mulch; population density; potato; regression analysis; weed control; yield response; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Ipomoea batatas; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748688828	Preliminary evaluation of hydrochemistry of the Kalambaina Formation, Sokoto Basin, Nigeria	Alagbe S.A.	2006	Environmental Geology	51	1	10.1007/s00254-006-0302-5	Department of Geology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Alagbe, S.A., Department of Geology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Hydrochemical investigations in the Kalambaina Formation have been initiated to determine potability and suitability of the shallow groundwater for domestic and agricultural uses. This limestone formation is an extensive aquifer supplying water to livestock and domestic wells in its outcrop areas. The aquifer is recharged by rainfall and discharges mainly into the Sokoto-Rima River system and lakes at Kware, Gwadabawa and Kalmalo in Nigeria. Because recharge to the aquifer is mainly from rainfall, the quality of the groundwater is controlled essentially by chemical processes in the vadose zone and locally by human activities. Water samples were taken at 11 sites comprising boreholes, dug wells and a spring and were chemically analysed for their major ion components. Hydrochemical results show water of fairly good quality. It is, however, hard and generally of moderate dissolved solids content. Concentration of the total dissolved solids is between 130 and 2,340 mg/l. Concentrations of ions vary widely but a high concentration of K+ is found in places. NO 3- is on the higher side of the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits, indicating pollution in such areas. Groundwater chemistry is predominantly of two facies, namely the calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate and calcium-magnesium-sulphate-chloride facies. These facies probably evolved primarily as a result of dissolution of calcium and magnesium carbonates as well as some human/land-use activities. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Hydrochemistry; Kalambaina Formation; Limestone aquifer; Nigeria; Sokoto Basin	Aquifers; Groundwater; Land use; Rain; Water quality; Water supply; Groundwater chemistry; Hydrochemistry; Kalambaina Formation; Sokoto Basin, Nigeria; Limestone; groundwater; hydrochemistry; limestone; recharge; shallow water; vadose zone; World Health Organization; Africa; Nigeria; Sokoto Basin; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949570369	Quality evaluation of beef patties formulated with bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean L.) seed flour	Alakali J.S., Irtwange S.V., Mzer M.T.	2010	Meat Science	85	2	10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.12.027	Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	Alakali, J.S., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Irtwange, S.V., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Mzer, M.T., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	This study evaluated composite beef-bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean L.) seed flour patties to determine the effect of bambara groundnut flour (BGF) inclusion on the quality and acceptability of the products. The effect of different levels of BGF (0%, 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5%) on the proximate composition and pH indicate that BGF had no significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect on moisture, protein and carbohydrate of raw patties except ash and pH whereas there was significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect on all the parameters for the cooked patties. BGF significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced the shrinkage of the cooked patties from 9.13% to 6.76%, while percentage cooking yield, moisture retention, and fat retention increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with increasing BGF levels from 79.1% to 87.2%, 67.51% to 78.05% and 73.51% to 88.34%, respectively. The use of BGF significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the pH of cooked patties from 6.16 to 6.23. Beef patties extended with BGF up to 5% addition exhibited good quality attributes most acceptable to the consumers. The pH of the 0% BGF-beef patties decreased significantly during storage, up to day 14, and increased thereafter. However, the pH of the patties with BGF consistently decreased significantly up to day 21. The TBA values of both (0% and 5% BGF-beef patties) increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) from 0.054 to 0.25 and from 0.05 to 0.24 mg malonaldehyde/kg, respectively. All sensory attributes decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) as storage time progressed. The physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of the patties were found to be acceptable after 21 days refrigerated storage. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Bambara groundnuts; Beef patties; Evaluation; Quality	animal; article; cattle; cooking; economics; food preservation; freezing; legume; male; meat; pH; plant seed; principal component analysis; standard; Animals; Cattle; Cookery; Fabaceae; Food Preservation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Meat; Principal Component Analysis; Refrigeration; Seeds; Arachis hypogaea; Bambara; Vigna subterranea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960246794	Evaluation of powered charcoal stove by using different biomass	Alakali J.S., Kachataiya G.T., Kucha C.T.	2011	International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering	4	2	None	Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria	Alakali, J.S., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria; Kachataiya, G.T., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria; Kucha, C.T., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria	A powered stove was designed to utilized biomass effectively, easy ignition and maintain uniform fire, and reduce cooking time. The stove consists of a blower with hand winder and a fuel carrier. Performance evaluation carried out show that boiling time decreased with increased volumetric air flow rate. For air flow rates of 0.13 m 3/s, 0.14 m 3/s, and 0.16 m 3/s, the time to bring 4.5 L of water to boiling point decreased correspondingly from 14 to 12 and to 10 min. This trend was observed for all the biomass used namely wood, corn cobs and charcoal. However in comparing the three biomasses, it took longer time to bring water to boiling point by using charcoal followed by wood and corn cobs in above mentioned order. The percentage heat utilized and fuel efficiency increased with increase in the volumetric air flow rate. There was no significant difference (P≥0.05) in the heat utilization and fuel efficiency of wood, corn cobs and charcoal. The results also show that the specific fuel consumption decreased with air flow rate when yam, rice and beans were cooked. On the other hand, time spent for cooking the items increased significantly (P≤0.05). Also in comparison, the specific charcoal consumption for cooking yam, rice and beans was less followed by wood and corncobs. On the other hand the time spent for cooking the food items was longer by using charcoal followed by wood and corncobs. The results show that when powered the stove performed much better than under natural air flow condition and its efficiency increased with increase in volumetric air flow rate. Corncobs were found to be more suitable replacer of wood for domestic cooking followed by charcoal. The popularization of this stove will alleviate the problem of starting and maintaining fire and reduce over dependence on wood.	Airflow rate; Biomass; Charcoal; Corncobs; Stove; Wood fuel	Dioscorea alata; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885848859	Design, fabrication and performance evaluation of an improved fish smoking kiln	Alakali J.S., Faasema J., Utongo N.	2013	Journal of Food Processing and Preservation	37	5	10.1111/j.1745-4549.2011.00665.x	Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi P.M.B. 2372, Nigeria	Alakali, J.S., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi P.M.B. 2372, Nigeria; Faasema, J., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi P.M.B. 2372, Nigeria; Utongo, N., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi P.M.B. 2372, Nigeria	An improved fish smoking kiln was designed and fabricated. Catfish samples were smoked using three biomasses, namely iron tree, sawdust and rice husk. Variations in utilizable temperatures with time, phenol contents, smoke density, weight loss, proximate composition and sensory qualities of the smoked fish were evaluated. The utilizable temperatures due to combustion of constant weight of each biomass ranged from 60 to 120C for sawdust, 61.5 to 132C for rice husk and 60 to 120C for iron tree in 5h. The temperatures due to combustion of iron tree, rice husk and sawdust decline to a constant value. The temperature of iron tree showed steadier decline. The phenol content ranged from 0.42 to 0.48mg/mL with rice husk having the highest value while iron tree had the lowest value. Smoke density ranged from 0.021 to 0.024g/cm3 showing the same trend. Proximate analysis shows significant difference (P&lt;0.05) in moisture, protein, lipids and ash. However, carbohydrate content does not change significantly (P&gt;0.05). Organoleptically, catfish smoked with iron tree yielded the best quality and was significantly (P&lt;0.05) superior to that smoked with sawdust and rice husk. Samples smoked with sawdust were least preferred. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	None	Carbohydrate content; Constant values; Constant weight; Phenol content; Proximate analysis; Proximate compositions; Sensory qualities; Smoked fishes; Combustion; Fish; Iron; Kilns; Quality control; Forestry; Combustion; Fishes; Forestry; Iron; Kilns; Quality Control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872916348	Genotypic performance, character correlations and path analysis of pod yield in Abelmoschus caillei (A. Chev.) Stevels	Alake C.O., Ariyo O.J., Ayo-Vaughan M.A.	2012	Italian Journal of Agronomy	7	4	10.4081/ija.2012.e44	Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Alake, C.O., Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ariyo, O.J., Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ayo-Vaughan, M.A., Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Direct selection based on pod yield is often a problem in West African okra (Abelmoschus caillei (A. Chev.) Stevels) breeding programs. Information on inter-relationships among traits to implement indirect selection for pod yield is needed. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of West African okra varieties in two cropping seasons prevailing in Nigeria, and to determine the associations among main agronomic characters and their influence on pod yield. Twenty-five genotypes were grown in two planting seasons at the Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta in 2008-2009 using a randomized complete-block design with three replications. Sixteen plant characters were measured. The data were subjected to variance, correlation and path analyses. Four genotypes, viz., CEN 010, CEN 012, NGAE-96-04 and AGA 97/066-5780 demonstrated potential for high pod yield. CEN 012 and AGA 97/066-5780 in addition, demonstrated early flowering higher number of pods. Character associations varied between planting seasons. The dependence of pod yield on final plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per branch, number of pods per plant, number of ridges per pod, weight of 250 seeds, pod length and seed weight per plant was noted in bothplanting seasons. In both seasons, number of pods per plant exhibited a high positive direct effect on pod yield. In conclusion, the trait of most interest for improving pod yield under early and late-season conditions was number of pods per plant. © C.O. Alake et al., 2012.	Correlation; Path analysis; Pod yield; Varietal performance; West african okra	agronomy; correlation; crop yield; dicotyledon; genotype; path analysis; Abeokuta; Nigeria; Ogun; Abelmoschus; Abelmoschus caillei	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547559189	The nutritive value of azolla (Azolla pinnata) meal in diets for growing pullets and subsequent effect on laying performance	Alalade O.A., Iyayi E.A., Alalade T.O.	2007	Journal of Poultry Science	44	3	10.2141/jpsa.44.273	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Alalade, O.A., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Iyayi, E.A., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Alalade, T.O., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The effect of incorporating graded levels of azolla meal (AZM) in diets of growing pullets was investigated. Particular reference was given to growth, haematology and subsequent laying performance. In a completely randomized design, feeding trials lasted 10 weeks and involved 120 8-weeks old Nera brown pullets. Birds were reared to 18 weeks of age on diets containing 0, 5, 10 and 15% AZM. From 19 to 30 weeks of age, all groups were switched to a common corn-soybean based layers mash of 17.5% CP and 2522 kcal/kg ME. From the results obtained, apparent differences in weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb) and white blood cell (WBC) were not significant. At the onset of lay, age at first lay was similar across the treatments. Hen-day production to 30 weeks and egg quality characteristics observed were similar across the treatments except for yolk weight, which was significantly lower for all birds on AZM diets. These results indicate a benefit from AZM at low level of supplementation and up to 15% AZM can be incorporated in diets of growing pullets without jeopardizing health and subsequent laying performance.	Azolla meal; Egg quality; Growth; Haematology; Laying performance	Aves; Azolla; Azolla pinnata; Glycine max; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954402441	Volumetric analysis and chemistry students performance: Combined influence of study habit, physiological and psychological factors	Alam G.M., Oke O.K., Orimogunje T.	2010	Scientific Research and Essays	5	11	None	University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Mathematics and Science Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Science and Technical Education Department, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria	Alam, G.M., University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Oke, O.K., Mathematics and Science Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Orimogunje, T., Science and Technical Education Department, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria	Several factors can work in concert to influence the students' attitudes and behavior towards quantitative aspect of practical chemistry particularly volumetric analysis. This study investigated the influence of students' study habit, physiological and psychological factors on their attitudes and behavior towards the volumetric analysis in practical chemistry. Two hundred and forty randomly selected senior secondary two students from six secondary schools in Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo State constituted the sample. It was hypothesized that students' study habit variables such as time allocation, reading and note-taking, concentration, anxiety and stress, and teachers' consultation would not significantly influence students' attitudes during volumetric analysis practical exercises. The hypotheses were tested by using chi square at 0.05 levels of significance following the administration of study habit inventory on the subjects. The results indicated that these factors actually influenced the attitudes of the subjects towards volumetric analysis exercises. It was recommended that chemistry teachers need to have proper understanding of these physiological and psychological factors to enable them enhance students' attitudes and performances in practical chemistry. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Physiological and psychological factors; Students' attitudes and performance; Study habit; Volumetric analysis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856365361	Task-shifting to community health workers: Evaluation of the performance of a peer-led model in an antiretroviral program in Uganda	Alamo S., Wabwire-Mangen F., Kenneth E., Sunday P., Laga M., Colebunders R.L.	2012	AIDS Patient Care and STDs	26	2	10.1089/apc.2011.0279	Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, P.O. Box 7307, Kampala 256, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, Kampala, Uganda; HIV Epidemiology and Control Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium	Alamo, S., Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, P.O. Box 7307, Kampala 256, Uganda; Wabwire-Mangen, F., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Kenneth, E., Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Sunday, P., Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, Kampala, Uganda; Laga, M., HIV Epidemiology and Control Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Colebunders, R.L., Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium	Task shifting to community health workers (CHW) has received recognition. We examined the performance of community antiretroviral therapy and tuberculosis treatment supporters (CATTS) in scaling up antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Reach Out, a community-based ART program in Uganda. Retrospective data on home visits made by CATTS were analyzed to examine the CATTS ability to perform home visits to patients based on the model's standard procedures. Qualitative interviews conducted with 347 randomly selected patients and 47 CATTS explored their satisfaction with the model. The CATTS ability to follow-up with patients worsened from patients requiring daily, weekly, monthly, to three-monthly home visits. Only 26% and 15% of them correctly home visited patients with drug side effects and a missed clinic appointment, respectively. Additionally, 83% visited stable pre-ART and ART patients (96%) more frequently than required. Six hundred eighty of the 3650 (18%) patients were lost to follow-up (LTFU) during the study period. The mean number of patients LTFU per CATTS was 40.5. Male (p=0.005), worked for longer durations (p=0.02), and had lower education (p=0.005). An increased number of patients (p=0.01) were associated with increased LTFU. Ninety-two percent of the CATTS felt the model could be improved by reducing the workload. CATTS who were HIV positive, female, not residing in the same village as their patients, more educated, married, on ART, and spent less time with the patients were rated better by their patients. The Reach-Out CHW model is labor-intensive. Triaged home visits could improve performance and allow CATTS time to focus on patients requiring more intensive follow-up. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.	None	adolescent; adult; aged; article; child; controlled study; female; follow up; health auxiliary; health care management; health program; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; interview; major clinical study; male; marriage; medical education; patient satisfaction; peer group; professional practice; qualitative analysis; retrospective study; school child; shift worker; Uganda; workload; Adolescent; Adult; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Anti-HIV Agents; Child; Community Health Workers; Female; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Seropositivity; Home Care Services; House Calls; Humans; Lost to Follow-Up; Male; Middle Aged; Program Evaluation; Retrospective Studies; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862752964	Performance of the new WHO diagnostic algorithm for smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV prevalent settings: A multisite study in Uganda	Alamo S.-T., Kunutsor S., Walley J., Thoulass J., Evans M., Muchuro S., Matovu A., Katabira E.	2012	Tropical Medicine and International Health	17	7	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03003.x	Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, Kampala, Uganda; Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Health Sciences, Leeds University, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Section of Population Health, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious Diseases, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom; USAID/SUSTAIN Project/Intergrated Community Based Initiatives, Naguru, Kampala, Uganda; Kayunga District Hospital, Kayunga, Uganda; Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda	Alamo, S.-T., Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, Kampala, Uganda; Kunutsor, S., Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Health Sciences, Leeds University, Leeds, United Kingdom, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Walley, J., Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, Institute of Health Sciences, Leeds University, Leeds, United Kingdom; Thoulass, J., Section of Population Health, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Evans, M., Department of Infectious Diseases, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom; Muchuro, S., USAID/SUSTAIN Project/Intergrated Community Based Initiatives, Naguru, Kampala, Uganda; Matovu, A., Kayunga District Hospital, Kayunga, Uganda; Katabira, E., Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda	Objective To compare the performance of the new WHO (2007) diagnostic algorithm for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in high HIV prevalent settings (WHO07) to the WHO 2003 guidelines used by the Ugandan National Tuberculosis Program (UgWHO03). Methods A prospective observational cohort design was used at Reach Out Mbuya Parish HIV/AIDS Initiative, an urban slum community-based AIDS Service Organisation (ASO) and Kayunga Rural District Government Hospital. Newly diagnosed and enrolled HIV-infected patients were assessed for PTB. Research staff interviewed patients and staff and observed operational constraints. Results WHO07 reduced the time to diagnosis of smear-negative PTB with increased sensitivity compared with the UgWHO03 at both sites. Time to diagnosis of smear-negative PTB was significantly shorter at the urban ASO than at the rural ASO (12.4 vs. 28.5days, P=0.003). Diagnostic specificity and sensitivity [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] for smear-negative PTB were higher at the rural hospital compared with the urban ASO: [98% (93-100%) vs. 86% (77-92%), P=0.001] and [95% (72-100%) vs. 90% (54-99%), P>0.05], respectively. Common barriers to implementation of algorithms included failure by patients to attend follow-up appointments and poor adherence by healthcare workers to algorithms. Conclusion At both sites, WHO07 expedited diagnosis of smear-negative PTB with increased diagnostic accuracy compared with the UgWHO03. The WHO07 expedited diagnosis more at the urban ASO but with more diagnostic accuracy at the rural hospital. Barriers to implementation should be taken into account when operationalising these guidelines for TB diagnosis in resource-limited settings. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Diagnostic; HIV prevalent; Pulmonary tuberculosis; Resource limited; Smear negative	accuracy assessment; algorithm; disease prevalence; guideline; hospital sector; human immunodeficiency virus; performance assessment; questionnaire survey; resource availability; respiratory disease; rural area; tuberculosis; urban area; World Health Organization; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; algorithm; article; community care; diagnostic accuracy; female; follow up; health care personnel; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; intermethod comparison; interview; lung tuberculosis; major clinical study; male; observational study; practice guideline; prospective study; public hospital; rural area; sensitivity and specificity; sputum smear; Uganda; urban area; world health organization; world health organization diagnostic algorithm; Adult; Algorithms; Cohort Studies; False Negative Reactions; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Predictive Value of Tests; Prospective Studies; Reproducibility of Results; Rural Health; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Uganda; Urban Health; World Health Organization; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960088553	Fracture toughness (K1C) evaluation for dual phase medium carbon low alloy steels using circumferential notched tensile (CNT) specimens	Alaneme K.K.	2011	Materials Research	14	2	10.1590/S1516-14392011005000028	Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria	Alaneme, K.K., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria	The fracture behavior of dual phase medium carbon low alloy steels produced using two different chemical compositions (A - 0.34C, 0.75Mn, 0.12Cr, 0.13Ni steel and B - 0.3C, 0.97Mn, 0.15Cr steel) was investigated using circumferential notched tensile (CNT) specimens. Intercritical treatments were performed on samples with composition A by 1) austenitizing at 860 °C for 1 hour cooling in air, then treating at 770 °C for 30 minutes before oil quenching; 2) austenitizing at 860 °C for 1 hour quenching in oil, then treating at 770 °C for 30 minutes before quenching in oil; and 3) austenitizing at 860 °C for 1 hour, super-cooling to 770 °C and then quenching in oil. Samples of composition B were subjected to intercritical treatment at temperatures of 740, 760, and 780 °C for 30 minutes, followed by quenching rapidly in oil. Tensile testing was then performed on specimens without notches and the CNT specimens. It was observed that the dual phase steel produced from procedure (2) yielded a fine distribution of ferrite and martensite which gave the best combination of tensile properties and fracture toughness for composition A while the dual phase structure produced by treating at 760 °C yielded the best combination of tensile properties and fracture toughness for composition B. The fracture toughness results evaluated from the test were found to be valid (in plain strain condition) and a high correlation between the fracture toughness and notch tensile strength was observed. The fracture toughness values were also found to be in close agreement with data available in literature.	Circumferential notched tensile specimens; Fracture toughness; Intercritical treatment; Medium carbon low alloy steel	Austenitizing; Carbon low alloy steel; Chemical compositions; Circumferential notched tensile specimens; Composition-B; Dual-phase mediums; Dual-phase steel; Fracture behavior; Fracture toughness values; Intercritical treatment; Medium carbon low alloy steel; Notch tensile strength; Oil quenching; Plain strain; Alloys; Chromium; Ferrites; Fracture; High strength steel; Manganese; Martensitic steel; Quenching; Steel metallurgy; Tensile strength; Tensile testing; Fracture toughness	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955854700	Development and performance evaluation of a salt bath furnace	Alaneme K.K., Olanrewaju S.O., Bodunrin M.O.	2011	International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering	6	1	None	Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria	Alaneme, K.K., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria; Olanrewaju, S.O., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria; Bodunrin, M.O., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria	This research work is centered on the design of a low cost - efficient salt bath furnace using locally sourced materials for the purpose of carrying out thermochemical treatments of small and minor components for improved properties in service. Working drawings were produced; and mild steel sheet was used for the construction of the furnace casing while other materials for the construction were selected based on functions and properties of the materials, cost considerations and ease of fabrication into component parts. Testing was carried out to evaluate the performance of the furnace. From the results obtained, it was observed that the salt bath furnace has fast heating rate 12.530C/min and a fuel consumption rate of 2.1 litres/hr, which is comparable to rates of conventional brands of diesel fired salt bath and muffle furnaces purchased from abroad. The lower cost of design of the furnace coupled with its good heat retaining capacity, uniform heating rate, long estimated life time, safety and ease of maintenance justifies the usage.	Atomizing nozzle; Design; Muffle furnace; Salt bath furnace; Thermochemical treatment	None	None
None	None	Child mortality patterns in rural tanzania: An observational study on the impact of malaria control interventions	Alba S., Nathan R., Schulze A., Mshinda H., Lengeler C.	2014	International Journal of Epidemiology	43	1	10.1093/ije/dyt231	Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), KIT Biomedical Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Novartis Foundation for Sustainable Development, Basel, Switzerland; Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Switzerland; Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland	Alba, S., Royal Tropical Institute (KIT), KIT Biomedical Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Nathan, R., Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Schulze, A., Novartis Foundation for Sustainable Development, Basel, Switzerland; Mshinda, H., Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lengeler, C., Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Switzerland, Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland	Background: Between 1997 and 2009, a number of key malaria control interventions were implemented in the Kilombero and Ulanga Districts in south central Tanzania to increase insecticide-treated nets (ITN) coverage and improve access to effective malaria treatment. In this study we estimated the contribution of these interventions to observed decreases in child mortality. Methods: The local Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS) provided monthly estimates of child mortality rates (age 1 to 5 years) expressed as cases per 1000 person-years (c/1000py) between 1997 and 2009. We conducted a time series analysis of child mortality rates and explored the contribution of rainfall and household food security. We used Poisson regression with linear and segmented effects to explore the impact of malaria control interventions on mortality. Results: Child mortality rates decreased by 42.5% from 14.6 c/1000py in 1997 to 8.4 c/1000py in 2009. Analyses revealed the complexity of child mortality patterns and a strong association with rainfall and food security. All malaria control interventions were associated with decreases in child mortality, accounting for the effect of rainfall and food security. Conclusions: Reaching the fourth Millenium Development Goal will require the contribution of many health interventions, as well as more general improvements in socio-environmental and nutritional conditions. Distinguishing between the effects of these multiple factors is difficult and represents a major challenge in assessing the effect of routine interventions. However, this study suggests that credible estimates can be obtained when high-quality data on the most important factors are available over a sufficiently long time period. © The Author 2013.	Child mortality; Food security; Malaria; Malaria control interventions; Mortality impact; Rainfall	chloroquine; pyrimethamine plus sulfadoxine; rain; antimalarial agent; child health; data set; disease control; food security; insecticide; malaria; mortality; observational method; rural area; article; bed net; child; childhood mortality; controlled study; food security; health impact assessment; household; human; major clinical study; malaria; malaria control; observational study; preschool child; priority journal; rural area; Tanzania; time series analysis; catering service; female; health care delivery; intervention study; malaria; male; mosquito; nutritional status; procedures; rural population; season; socioeconomics; statistics and numerical data; utilization; Tanzania; Antimalarials; Child; Child Mortality; Female; Food Supply; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Insecticide-Treated Bednets; Intervention Studies; Malaria; Male; Mosquito Control; Nutritional Status; Rural Population; Seasons; Socioeconomic Factors; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34848821622	Evaluation of a rapid screening test for rifampicin resistance in re-treatment tuberculosis patients in the Eastern Cape	Albert H., Trollip A.P., Seaman T., Abrahams C., Mole R.J., Jordaan A., Victor T., Hoosain E.	2007	South African Medical Journal	97	9	None	Biotec Laboratories Ltd., Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, W Cape, South Africa; Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Albert, H., Biotec Laboratories Ltd., Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Cape Town, South Africa; Trollip, A.P., Biotec Laboratories Ltd., Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Seaman, T., Biotec Laboratories Ltd., Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Abrahams, C., Biotec Laboratories Ltd., Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Mole, R.J., Biotec Laboratories Ltd., Somerset Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Jordaan, A., Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, W Cape, South Africa; Victor, T., Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, W Cape, South Africa; Hoosain, E., Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality, Port Elizabeth, South Africa	Background and objectives. Patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) are at high risk of treatment failure. It is anticipated that early identification of MDR-TB and appropriate treatment will improve patient outcome and disease control. We evaluated the rapid detection of rifampicin resistance in previously treated TB patients, directly from acid-fast bacilli (AFB)-positive sputum using a phage-based test, FASTPlaque-Response (Biotec Laboratories Ltd, Ipswich, UK). The ability of rifampicin resistance to predict MDR-TB was also determined. Design. A prospective study was done comparing performance of the rapid phage test with conventional culture and drug susceptibility testing (DST) in AFB-positive TB patients. Setting. Five primary health clinics and one TB referral centre in the Port Elizabeth Metropolitan area, Eastern Cape. Outcome measures. Sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of the phage test were determined compared with gold standard culture and DST. Discrepant results were resolved by molecular detection of mutations conferring rifampicin resistance. The proportion of rifampicin-resistant strains that were MDR was also determined. Results. Previously treated patients were at a high risk of MDR-TB (35.7%). Sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of FASTPlaque-Response for rifampicin resistance determination were 95.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 91.0-99.8%), 97.2% (95% CI: 94.5-99.9%) and 96.5% (95% CI: 94.1-98.9%) respectively compared with conventional DST (unresolved), calculated for specimens that had both FASTPlaque-Response and conventional DST results available. FASTPlaque-Response results were available in 2 days instead of 28-85 days with conventional DST. However, only 70.6% of FASTPlaque-Response results were interpretable compared with 86.3% of conventional DST results. The majority (95.5%) of rifampicin-resistant strains were MDR-TB. Conclusions. Rapid detection of rifampicin resistance using FASTPlaque-Response could contribute to improved management of patients at risk of MDR-TB, such as previously treated patients. However, improvement in control of specimen-related contamination is needed to ensure that a higher proportion of FASTPlaque-Response results are interpretable. Where indicated, early modification of therapy could improve patient prognosis and reduce disease transmission.	None	isoniazid; rifampicin; acid fast bacterium; antibiotic sensitivity; article; bacterial strain; bacteriophage typing; bacterium culture; bacterium isolate; bacterium isolation; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; drug treatment failure; human; lung tuberculosis; major clinical study; multicenter study; multidrug resistance; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; outcome assessment; prognosis; screening test; sensitivity and specificity; South Africa; sputum analysis; tuberculosis control; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Bacteriophage Typing; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Predictive Value of Tests; Retreatment; Rifampin; South Africa; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650826151	Performance of three LED-Based fluorescence microscopy systems for detection of tuberculosis in Uganda	Albert H., Manabe Y., Lukyamuzi G., Ademun P., Mukkada S., Nyesiga B., Joloba M., Paramasivan C.N., Perkins M.D.	2010	PLoS ONE	5	12	10.1371/journal.pone.0015206	Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Kampala, Uganda; Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI), Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda; National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Wandegeya, Kampala, Uganda; Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Geneva, Switzerland	Albert, H., Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Kampala, Uganda; Manabe, Y., Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI), Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda; Lukyamuzi, G., Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Kampala, Uganda; Ademun, P., Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Kampala, Uganda; Mukkada, S., Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Kampala, Uganda; Nyesiga, B., Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Kampala, Uganda; Joloba, M., National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Wandegeya, Kampala, Uganda; Paramasivan, C.N., Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Geneva, Switzerland; Perkins, M.D., Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Geneva, Switzerland	Background: Direct smear microscopy using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining is the mainstay of tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis in most high burden countries, but is limited by low sensitivity in routine practice, particularly in high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence settings. Methods: We compared the performance of three commercial light emitting diode (LED)-based microscopy systems (Primostar™ iLED, Lumin™ and AFTER®) for fluorescent detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with ZN microscopy on slides prepared from sputum of TB suspects. Examination time for LED-based fluorescent microscopy (LED FM) and ZN slides was also compared, and a qualitative user appraisal of the LED FM systems was carried out. Results: LED FM was between 5.6 and 9.4% more sensitive than ZN microscopy, although the difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the sensitivity or specificity of the three LED FM systems, although the specificity of Fraen AFTER was somewhat lower than the other LED FM methods. Examination time for LED FM was 2 and 4 times less than for ZN microscopy. LED FM was highly acceptable to Ugandan technologists, although differences in operational performance of the three systems were reported. Conclusions: LED FM compares favourably with ZN microscopy, with equivalent specificity and a modest increase in sensitivity. Screening of slides was substantially quicker using LED FM than ZN, and LED FM was rated highly by laboratory technologists. Available commercial systems have different operational characteristics which should be considered prior to programmatic implementation. © 2010 Albert et al.	None	article; bacterium detection; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; fluorescence microscopy; human; intermethod comparison; light emitting diode; lung tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; qualitative analysis; sensitivity and specificity; sputum examination; analytical equipment; comparative study; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; instrumentation; laboratory diagnosis; light; metabolism; methodology; observer variation; reproducibility; sputum; Uganda; Human immunodeficiency virus; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; False Positive Reactions; HIV Infections; Humans; Light; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Observer Variation; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Reproducibility of Results; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955665640	Online monitoring and control of froth flotation systems with machine vision: A review	Aldrich C., Marais C., Shean B.J., Cilliers J.J.	2010	International Journal of Mineral Processing	96	42373	10.1016/j.minpro.2010.04.005	Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom	Aldrich, C., Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Marais, C., Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Shean, B.J., Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Cilliers, J.J., Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom	Research and development into the application of machine vision in froth flotation systems has continued since its introduction in the late 1980s. Machine vision is able to accurately and rapidly extract froth characteristics, both physical (e.g. bubble size) and dynamic (froth velocity) in nature, from digital images and present these results to operators and/or use the results as inputs to process control systems. Currently, machine vision has been implemented on several industrial sites worldwide and the technology continues to benefit from advances in computer technology. Effort continues to be directed into linking concentrate grade with measurable attributes of the froth phase, although this is proving difficult. As a result other extracted variables, such as froth velocity, have to be used to infer process performance. However, despite more than 20 years of development, a long-term, fully automated control system using machine vision is yet to materialise. In this review, the various methods of data extraction from images are investigated and the associated challenges facing each method discussed. This is followed by a look at how machine vision has been implemented into process control structures and a review of some of the commercial froth imaging systems currently available. Lastly, the review assesses future trends and draws several conclusions on the current status of machine vision technology. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Flotation; Image analysis; Machine vision; Modelling; Process control	Automated control systems; Bubble size; Computer technology; Concentrate grade; Control structure; Current status; Data extraction; Digital image; Froth characteristics; Future trends; Industrial sites; Machine vision; Machine vision technologies; Modelling; Online monitoring; Process performance; Research and development; Computer vision; Control systems; Froth flotation; Image analysis; Online systems; Process control	None
None	None	Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of the Haemoglobin Colour Scale to detect anaemia in young children attending primary healthcare clinics in Zanzibar	Aldridge C., Foster H.M.E., Albonico M., Ame S.M., Montresor A.	2012	Tropical Medicine and International Health	17	4	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02944.x	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Glasgow North-West GP Vocational Training Scheme, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Ivo de Carneri Foundation, Torino, Italy; Public Health Laboratory Ivo de Carneri, Pemba, Tanzania; Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland	Aldridge, C., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Foster, H.M.E., Glasgow North-West GP Vocational Training Scheme, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Albonico, M., Ivo de Carneri Foundation, Torino, Italy; Ame, S.M., Public Health Laboratory Ivo de Carneri, Pemba, Tanzania; Montresor, A., Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland	Objectives This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of Haemoglobin Colour Scale (HCS), compared with clinical diagnosis, to detect anaemia and severe anaemia in preschool-age children attending primary healthcare clinics in rural Zanzibar. Methods In all participants, haemoglobin (Hb) concentration was independently estimated by clinical examination for palmar pallor, HCS and HemoCue™. HemoCue was considered the reference method. Data collection was integrated into the usual health services and performed by local healthcare workers (HCWs). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated for HCS and clinical examination for palmar pallor. The limits of agreement between HCS and HemoCue, and inter-observer variability for HCS, were also defined. Results A total of 799 children age 2-59months were recruited to the study. The prevalence of anaemia (Hb<11g/dl) and severe anaemia (<5g/dl) were 71% and 0.8% respectively. The sensitivity of HCS to detect anaemia was 33% [95% confidence interval (CI) 29-36] and specificity was 87% (83-91). The sensitivity of HCS to detect severe anaemia was 14% (95% CI 0-58) and specificity was 100% (99-100). The sensitivity of palmar pallor to detect anaemia was low, but superior to HCS (58%vs. 33%, P<0.001); specificity was inferior to HCS (55%vs. 87%, P<0.001). There was no evidence of a difference in either sensitivity (P>0.1) or specificity (P>0.1) between HCS and palmar pallor to detect severe anaemia. Conclusions Haemoglobin Colour Scale does not improve the capacity of HCWs to diagnose anaemia in this population. Accuracy is limited by considerable variability in the performances of test operators. However, optimizing the training protocol for those using the test may improve performance. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Anaemia; Diagnostic techniques and procedures; Haemoglobin; Haemoglobin Colour Scale; Sensitivity and specificity; Tanzania	hemoglobin; accuracy assessment; anemia; child health; color; concentration (composition); disease prevalence; disease severity; health care; health services; population structure; sensitivity analysis; anemia; article; calculation; child; clinical assessment tool; clinical examination; diagnostic accuracy; disease severity; health care facility; health care personnel; health service; Hemoglobin Color Scale; human; infant; information processing; interrater reliability; major clinical study; pallor; predictive value; preschool child; primary health care; sensitivity and specificity; Tanzania; Anemia; Child Welfare; Child, Preschool; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Female; Hemoglobinometry; Hemoglobins; Humans; Infant; Male; Mass Screening; Prevalence; Primary Health Care; Prospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tanzania; Tanzania; Zanzibar Island	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921669039	Toxicological evaluation of methanol leaves extract of Vernonia Bipontini Vatke in blood, liver and kidney tissues of mice	Alebachew M., Kinfu Y., Makonnen E., Bekuretsion Y., Urga K., Afework M.	2014	African Health Sciences	14	4	10.4314/ahs.v14i4.33	Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Alebachew, M., Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Kinfu, Y., Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Makonnen, E., Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Bekuretsion, Y., Department of Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Urga, K., Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Afework, M., Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Background: Various medicinal plants have been studied using modern scientific approaches. These plants have a variety of properties and various biological components that can be used to treat various diseases. However, harmful effects of plants are common clinical occurrence.Objective:This study was designed to investigate toxicological assessment of acute and chronic methanol leaf extract of Vernonia bipontini Vatke (V.bipontini V) on blood, liver and kidney tissues of mice.Methods: Lethal dose (LD) at which 50% of experimental mice died and long term toxicity of methanolic leaf extract of V. bipontini V were determined. Some hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Then, liver and kidney tissues of each animal were taken and processed for light microscopy.Results: Almost all mice treated with 800mg/kg methanol leaf extract of V. bipontini V showed swellings on the left part of abdominal region related to location of spleen, mild diarrhea and enlargement of spleen. The LD50 of the methanol leaf extract of V. bipontini V was 2130.6±1.5mg/kg. Treatment with 800mg/kg body weight of methanol leaf extract significantly decreased body, liver and kidney weights, red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (Hgb), mean cell haemoglobin (Mch), Mchc, platelet and significantly increased serum aspartate transferance (AST), vatanine tranferance(ALT) and alkaline phosphate (ALP) levels while 400mg/kg dose had no effect on these parameters. The reduced organ weights did not correlate with loss of body weight at 800mg/kg of methanol leaf extract of the plant. Light microscope observations of liver tissue of mice treated with 800mg/kg of the methanol leaf extract revealed dilated sinusoids, nuclear enlargement, lots of bi-nucleation of hepatocytes, peripheral cramped chromatin, shrinkages (single cell death) of hepatocytes, fragmentation of hepatocytes while no histopathological changes were observed in liver and kidney of mice treated at 400mg/kg. Kidney tissue sections of mice did not show significant histopathological changes at 400mg/kg. However, at 800mg/kg kidney sections showed increased cellularity of glomerulus, urinary space obliteration and enlarged macula densa.Conclusion: This study suggests that the methanol leaf extract may have been phytotoxic to liver that resulted in a rise in serum AST, ALT and ALP levels. © 2014 Makerere University, Medical School. All rights reserved.	Hematological and biochemical; Kidney; Liver; Methanol; Swiss Albino mice; V. Bipontini Vatke	alkaline phosphatase; hemoglobin; herbaceous agent; plant extract; unclassified drug; vernonia bipontini vatke extract; abdominal swelling; adult; animal experiment; animal tissue; Article; body weight; controlled study; diarrhea; disease severity; drug blood level; drug liver level; drug tissue level; enzyme blood level; erythrocyte count; female; hematological parameters; hemoglobin blood level; kidney; kidney injury; kidney mass; LD 50; liver cell damage; liver sinusoid; liver weight; male; medicinal plant; microscopy; mouse; nonhuman; plant leaf; splenomegaly; thrombocyte count; toxicokinetics; Vernonia bipontini Vatke; weight reduction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908285007	Growth performance and nutrient utilization of African mud catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings fed different levels of fermented pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) meal	Alegbeleye W.O., Obasa S.O., Olude O.O., Moronkeji T., Abdulraheem I.	2012	Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh	64	None	None	Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Alegbeleye, W.O., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Obasa, S.O., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Olude, O.O., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Moronkeji, T., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Abdulraheem, I., Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	The suitability of fermented pigeon pea meal as a protein ingredient in diets for Clarias gariepinus fingerlings was evaluated. A strain of Rhizopus oligoporus was used to ferment the meal for six days at 37°C. Five isonitrogenous (30% crude protein) and isoenergetic (16.45 MJ/kg) diets were formulated in which fermented meal was used to replace soybean meal at five inclusion levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). Diets were fed to triplicate groups of C. gariepinus fingerlings for 70 days. Crude protein content (22.6%-27.0%), total sugar, calcium, and phosphorus increased while lipids, carbohydrate, crude fiber, and antinutritional factors decreased in catfish fed increasing levels of pigeon pea meal. The group fed the 100% diet had significantly (p<0.05) better growth, which declined as the inclusion level declined. The apparent digestibility coefficients protein and dry increased with the inclusion level. No histopathological changes were observed in the liver. The highest crude protein content in catfish tissues was obtained in the group that received the highest inclusion level. The study shows that fermented pigeon pea meal can replace soybean meal in practical feeds for C. gariepinus without compromising growth performance or nutrient utilization. © Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamigdeh.	Cajanus cajan; Clarias gariepinus; Fermentation; Growth; Nutrient utilization; Soybean	artificial diet; fermentation; fish culture; growth rate; histopathology; nutrient dynamics; performance assessment; protein; soybean; Cajanus cajan; Clarias gariepinus; Glycine max	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890445442	Impact of caffeic acid addition on phenolic composition of tempranillo wines from different winemaking techniques	Aleixandre-Tudó J.L., Álvarez I., Lizama V., García M.J., Aleixandre J.L., Du Toit W.J.	2013	Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry	61	49	10.1021/jf402713d	Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa	Aleixandre-Tudó, J.L., Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Álvarez, I., Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Lizama, V., Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; García, M.J., Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Aleixandre, J.L., Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Du Toit, W.J., Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa	The effect of prefermentative and postfermentative caffeic acid (CFA) addition, prefermentative cold maceration, and a simulation of the micro-oxygenation technique through acetaldehyde addition on the phenolic and color composition of Tempranillo wines was investigated. Cold soaking and dry ice addition were performed as prefermentative techniques. Wines were analyzed after the end of the malolactic fermentation and after 6 and 12 months' storage. The results showed an important effect in wines to which CFA had been added, suggesting intramolecular copigmentation reactions through direct interaction between anthocyanins and free phenolic acids, thereby increasing the acylated anthocyanin fraction with an increase in color stability. The higher concentration of total phenols and lower hue values in CFA-added wines also contributed to the stability of these compounds during storage. Prefermentative cold maceration was shown to be influenced by the vintage. Phenolic acids, the acylated anthocyanin fraction, and total phenolics showed higher values in CFA-added and acetaldehyde-added wines. No differences were found in color density between the control wines and both the prefermentative and postfermentative CFA-added wines. However, a higher anthocyanin polymeric fraction and higher acylated anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and total phenols were observed in the CFA-added wines. The implications of this for the color stability of Tempranillo are also discussed. © 2013 American Chemical Society.	acetaldehyde addition; caffeic acid; cold soak; copigmentation; dry ice; Tempranillo	Caffeic acids; cold soak; Copigmentation; Dry ice; Tempranillo; Acetaldehyde; Acylation; Carbon dioxide; Color; Organic acids; Phenols; Refrigerants; Anthocyanins; anthocyanin; caffeic acid; caffeic acid derivative; food additive; phenol derivative; article; chemistry; color; evaluation study; fermentation; food handling; fruit; metabolism; methodology; microbiology; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Vitis; wine; Anthocyanins; Caffeic Acids; Color; Fermentation; Food Additives; Food Handling; Fruit; Phenols; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Vitis; Wine	None
WoS	WOS:000301996000017	Impact of perinatal somatic and common mental disorder symptoms on functioning in Ethiopian women: The P-MaMiE population-based cohort study	Alem, Atalay,Araya, Mesfin,Dewey, Michael,Hanlon, Charlotte,Medhin, Girmay,Prince, Martin,Senturk, Vesile,Stewart, Robert	2012	JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS	136	3	10.1016/j.jad.2011.11.028	Addis Ababa University, Ankara University, Kings College London, University of London	"Alem, Atalay: Addis Ababa University","Araya, Mesfin: Addis Ababa University","Dewey, Michael: Kings College London","Dewey, Michael: University of London","Medhin, Girmay: Addis Ababa University","Prince, Martin: Kings College London","Prince, Martin: University of London","Stewart, Robert: Kings College London","Stewart, Robert: University of London",	Background: Little is known of the relationship between perinatal somatic and common mental disorder (CMD) symptoms and impaired functioning in women from settings where the burden of undernutrition and infectious disease morbidity is high. Methods: A population-based sample of 1065 women from Butajira, Ethiopia, was recruited in pregnancy (86.4% of those eligible) and reassessed two months postnatal (954 with singleton, live infants). At both time-points, women were administered a modified version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (locally-validated) to assess somatic and CMD symptoms, respectively. Negative binomial regression was used to investigate associations of CMD and somatic symptoms with functional impairment (World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Scale, version-II), after adjusting for maternal anthropometric measures, physical ill-health and sociodemographic factors. Results: In pregnancy, somatic and CMD symptoms were independently associated with worse maternal functional impairment after adjustment for confounders (WHODAS-II score multiplied by 1.09 (95%CI 1.06, 1.13) and 1.11 (95%CI 1.08, 1.14) respectively for each additional symptom). In the postnatal period, the size of association between somatic symptoms and functional impairment was diminished, but the association with CMD symptoms was virtually unchanged (multiplier value 1.04 (95%CI 1.00, 1.09) and 1.11 (95%CI 1.07, 1.16) respectively). Limitations: Use of largely self-report measures. Conclusions: Somatic and CMD symptoms were independently associated with functional impairment in both pregnancy and the postnatal period, with CMD symptoms showing a stronger and more consistent association. This emphasises the public health relevance of both CMD and somatic symptoms in the perinatal period. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	DEPRESSION,DISABILITY,POSTNATAL,PREGNANCY,"SOMATIC SYMPTOMS","SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",CHILDBIRTH,COMPLAINTS,"GENERAL HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE",GOA,INDIA,"MATERNAL DEPRESSION",POSTNATAL-DEPRESSION-SCALE,POSTPARTUM,RISK-FACTORS,VALIDATION	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952889631	Broiler performance on finisher diets containing different levels of either Pleurotus ostreatus-fermented dried cocoa pod husk or dried cocoa pod husk supplemented with enzymes	Alemawor F., Oddoye E.O.K., Dzogbefia V.P., Oldham J.H., Donkoh A.	2010	Tropical Animal Health and Production	42	5	10.1007/s11250-009-9510-9	Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Alemawor, F., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Oddoye, E.O.K., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Dzogbefia, V.P., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Oldham, J.H., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Donkoh, A., Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	The purpose was to investigate the feeding value of fibrous cocoa pod husk (CPH) either fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus or supplemented with fibre-degrading multi-enzymes (Viscozyme®L + Pectinex®5XL) before inclusion in diets for 3-week-old finishing broilers. Growth performance and carcass yield of broilers fed diets containing 100, 200 or 300 g kg-1 of the P. ostreatus-fermented CPH or 100, 200 or 300 g kg-1 of the enzyme-supplemented CPH as well as a normal broiler finisher diet (control), were investigated in a 35-day feeding trial setup as a completely randomised design, with the seven treatments replicated three times. There were significant differences (P &gt; 0. 05) among treatments for some of the parameters measured including growth-related indices, percent weights of abdominal fat, intestine, and gizzard. It was concluded that P. ostreatus-fermented dried CPH up to a level of 200 g kg-1 and enzyme-supplemented dried CPH up to a level of 100 g kg-1 could be included in broiler finisher diets without any deleterious effects. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Blood; Broilers; Carcass; Cocoa pod husk; Feeding trial; Multi-enzymes; Pleurotus ostreatus	enzyme; animal; animal disease; animal food; article; cacao; chicken; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diet; female; fermentation; growth, development and aging; male; physiology; Pleurotus; randomized controlled trial; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Cacao; Chickens; Diet; Enzymes; Female; Fermentation; Male; Pleurotus; Aves; Pleurotus ostreatus; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-51549092291	Environmental resources and recent impacts in the Awassa collapsed caldera, Main Ethiopian Rift	Alemayehu Abiye T.	2008	Quaternary International	189	1	10.1016/j.quaint.2007.10.006	School of Geosciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. Box Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	Alemayehu Abiye, T., School of Geosciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, P.O. Box Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	The Awassa closed basin is formed by collapsed caldera of acidic volcano and is located within the Main Ethiopian Rift whose center is occupied by freshwater lake called Lake Awassa and big swampy area of Shalo. The basin is endowed with various natural resources such as water, vegetation, birds, etc. It is rich in fresh groundwater resource, which contains a lot of fluoride. Consequently, it is not suitable for drinking. There is thermal manifestation (Wondo Genet and Gara Quhe) in different parts of the caldera, which is characteristic feature of caldera collapse of shallow rooted acidic volcanoes. To characterize the basin water resources major ion chemistry, total coliform, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand analyses were performed for selected surface and ground water samples. The physical and chemical data collected for this study showed that the natural resources are affected by human incursion since the establishment of the Awassa town. The surface and subsurface drainage is towards the lake and therefore, the lake is the main destination for any type of contaminants generated from urban activity and the caldera rim. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.	None	biochemical oxygen demand; caldera; dissolved oxygen; environmental impact; groundwater resource; natural resource; water resource; Africa; East Africa; East African Rift; Ethiopia; Ethiopian Rift; Lake Awasa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-59749085513	The impacts of watershed management on land use and land cover dynamics in Eastern Tigray (Ethiopia)	Alemayehu F., Taha N., Nyssen J., Girma A., Zenebe A., Behailu M., Deckers S., Poesen J.	2009	Resources, Conservation and Recycling	53	4	10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.11.007	Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Melca Mehaber, PO Box 110533, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Geography, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium	Alemayehu, F., Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia, Melca Mehaber, PO Box 110533, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Taha, N., Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Nyssen, J., Department of Geography, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Girma, A., Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Zenebe, A., Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Behailu, M., Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, PO Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Deckers, S., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; Poesen, J., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium	Integrated watershed management (IWSM) was implemented to address issues of poverty and land resource degradation in the 14,500 ha upper Agula watershed, in semi-arid Eastern Tigray (Ethiopia), an area known for poverty and resource degradation caused by natural and man-made calamities. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of IWSM and determine the land use and cover dynamics that it has induced. The change in land use and cover was assessed by integrating remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS). Two sets of aerial photographs (taken in 1965 and 1994 at scale of 1:50,000) and Landsat ETM+ image (taken in 2000 with 30 m resolution) were used to produce the land use/land cover map and assess land use change. The results reveal significant modification and conversion of land use and cover of the watershed over the last four decades (1965-2005). A significant portion of the watershed was continuously under intensively cultivated (rainfed) land. The area under irrigation increased from 7 ha to 222.4 ha post-intervention. The area under dense forest increased from 32.4 ha to 98 ha. The study further shows that IWSM decreased soil erosion, increased soil moisture, reduced sedimentation and run off, set the scene for a number of positive knock-on effects such as stabilization of gullies and river banks, rehabilitation of degraded lands. IWSM also resulted in increased recharge in the subsurface water. This study reconfirms the importance of IWSM as a key to improve the land cover of watersheds, as a contribution to poverty alleviation and sustainable livelihood. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Catchment management; Geographic information system (GIS); Integrated watershed management; Land use and cover change; Remote sensing; Soil and water conservation	Catchment management; Geographic information system (GIS); Integrated watershed management; Land use and cover change; Soil and water conservation; Catchments; Conservation; Degradation; Dynamics; Erosion; Geographic information systems; Groundwater; Information systems; Land use; Landforms; Management; Photography; Remote sensing; Runoff; Soil mechanics; Soil moisture; Soils; Urban planning; Water conservation; Water management; Water resources; Watersheds; Soil conservation; catchment; forest cover; GIS; land degradation; land use change; Landsat; poverty alleviation; recharge; remote sensing; satellite imagery; sedimentation; soil conservation; soil erosion; soil moisture; sustainability; watershed; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tigray	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884281777	Collective management on communal grazing lands: Its impact on vegetation attributes and soil erosion in the upper Blue Nile basin, northwestern Ethiopia	Alemayehu M., Amede T., Böhme M., Peters K.J.	2013	Livestock Science	157	1	10.1016/j.livsci.2013.06.024	Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstr. 13, House 9, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; International Livestock Research Institute/International Water Management Institute (ILRI /IWMI), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Humboldt University of Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany	Alemayehu, M., Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstr. 13, House 9, 10115 Berlin, Germany, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Amede, T., International Livestock Research Institute/International Water Management Institute (ILRI /IWMI), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Böhme, M., Humboldt University of Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany; Peters, K.J., Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstr. 13, House 9, 10115 Berlin, Germany	Collective action, on communal grazing land, has evolved in the highlands of northwestern Ethiopia to mitigate the problems of feed shortage and land degradation due to overgrazing. The exercise is liked by farmers for improving the availability of natural pasture during the long dry season when other feed sources get depleted. However, large portions of the communal grazing lands are still managed under free grazing throughout the year. This study was undertaken in Maynet village in the upper Blue Nile basin, northwestern Ethiopia, to assess the impacts of three different types of grazing land management (GLM) and two slope gradients (&lt;10%; 15-25%) on aboveground herbaceous biomass yield, ground cover, species richness, runoff, soil loss and soil bulk density of grazing lands. The GLMs include (a) freely open communal GLM, (b) restricted communal GLM - collective management of communal grazing land locally named as 'yebere sar' and (c) private holding GLM. Stocking density was more than carrying capacity of grazing lands across all GLMs. However, the extent of overstocking problem was exceptionally severe in freely open communal GLM. The interaction between GLM and slope was significant (P&lt;0.05) for runoff, soil loss and runoff coefficient. The average runoff coefficient was close to 50% in freely open communal GLM on steeper slopes (15-25%). Freely open communal GLM on steeper slopes resulted in consistently highest cumulative runoff and soil loss amounting to 491mm and 32t/ha per year, respectively. Polynomial regression analysis showed that quadratic relationship (r2=0.87) existed between soil loss and runoff. But, soil loss was close to nil when runoff did not exceed 2mm per rainfall event. As expected, restricted communal GLM appeared to reduce surface runoff by more than 40% and curb the rate of soil erosion by more than 50% compared to freely open communal GLM. Its vegetation cover persisted above 70% throughout the year, meeting the threshold level recommended to keep surface runoff and soil loss to minimum. Reducing the problem of overstocking and pasture resting in August-November are important components to improve ground cover and aboveground herbaceous biomass yield, which in turn reduce land degradation on grazing lands. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Grazing land management; Ground cover; Land degradation; Overstocking; Resting pasture	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847337381	Impact of water overexploitation on highland lakes of eastern Ethiopia	Alemayehu T., Furi W., Legesse D.	2007	Environmental Geology	52	1	10.1007/s00254-006-0468-x	Department of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Oromiya Water Well Drilling Enterprise, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Alemayehu, T., Department of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Furi, W., Oromiya Water Well Drilling Enterprise, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Legesse, D., Department of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The eastern Ethiopian highland is endowed with large potential of water resources in terms of rainfall, groundwater and surface water. Yet, due to overpumping of lake water and groundwater and environmental degradation, Lakes Haromaya and Adele have completely dried up. The environmental degradation, due to deforestation and clearing of land for farming, has increased the rate of siltation in the lakes that dramatically decreases the lakes' volume and surface albedo, which increased the rate of evaporation. The impact of these factors is aggravated due to decreasing net recharge to the lake and the alluvial aquifer. Over the last 35 years, pumping of lake water for irrigation, mainly for subsistence farming, domestic and industrial use shows an increasing trend. Hence, the available water for drinking and industrial purposes decreased drastically. In this research, classical Penman aerodynamic combined energy budget, Penman nomogram methods, conventional soil moisture water balance method and Penman-Monteith model were adopted to estimate free evaporation, actual and potential evapotranspirations. The results indicate that evaporation is the dominant factor for the loss of water and water abstraction is 316% higher than the effective precipitation, which is 110 mm/year. Therefore, overexploitation of the available resources has played an aggravating role for the loss of the lakes in the area. The main cause for such resource depletion is the lack of integrated water resources management strategies. The current water shortage in the area has mainly affected urban residents of Harar, Awoday and Alemaya towns and the surrounding villages, which depend heavily on the two lakes. To alleviate the current crises interbasin water transfer and rainwater harvesting would be possible alternatives besides ameliorating environmental situation of the basin. © 2006 Springer-Verlag.	Evaporation; Groundwater; Surface water; Water resources	Deforestation; Evapotranspiration; Irrigation; Lakes; Surface waters; Weathering; Lake water; Water resources management; Groundwater; deforestation; environmental degradation; environmental impact; evaporation; evapotranspiration; exploitation; groundwater abstraction; numerical model; Penman-Monteith equation; resource depletion; soil moisture; water budget; water resource; Deforestation; Ground Water; Irrigation; Lakes; Surface Water; Weathering; Africa; Alemaya; Awoday; East Africa; Ethiopia; Harar; Lake Adele; Lake Haromaya; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650044883	Evaluation of soil nutrients under Eucalyptus grandis plantation and adjacent sub-montane rain forest	Alem S., Woldemariam T., Pavlis J.	2010	Journal of Forestry Research	21	4	10.1007/s11676-010-0097-9	Mendel University, Faculty of Forestry and Wood technology, Zemedelska 3/613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Environment and Coffee Forest Forum, P. O. Box 28513, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Alem, S., Mendel University, Faculty of Forestry and Wood technology, Zemedelska 3/613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Woldemariam, T., Environment and Coffee Forest Forum, P. O. Box 28513, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Pavlis, J., Mendel University, Faculty of Forestry and Wood technology, Zemedelska 3/613 00, Brno, Czech Republic	A study was conducted to evaluate the status of soil nutrients under E. grandis plantation in comparison with that in its adjacent submontane rain forest. Twenty sequare plots, with an area of 20 m×20 m for each, were established in both of E. grandis plantation and its adjacent sub-montane rain forest, independently. Soil samples were collected from each square plot, at five points (at the four corners and at the center) of each plot. The collected soil samples were mixed to make a composite and representative sample for each plot, independently. The analyses were done in a soil laboratory following appropriate methods. The analysis result indicated that there were no significance differences between E. grandis plantation and its adjacent sub-montane rain forest in the level of major soil nutrients (total N, available P, exchangeable K, Ca and Mg), pH and total carbon of soils (p < 0.05). There were significance differences between two sites of forest soils in percentage of clay particles, and exchangeable Na content. E. grandis plantation was found improving soil nutrients and total carbon as compared with that of its adjacent submontane rain forest. © 2010 Northeast Forestry University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Eucalyptus grandis; plantation; rain forest; soil nutrients; sub-montane	calcium; evergreen forest; forest soil; magnesium; plantation forestry; potassium; rainforest; sodium; soil analysis; soil carbon; soil nitrogen; soil nutrient; Eucalyptus; Eucalyptus grandis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880846025	Growth performance and gum arabic production of Acacia senegal in northwest lowlands of Ethiopia	Alemu A., Yilma Z., Eshete A., Dejene T.	2013	Journal of Forestry Research	24	3	10.1007/s11676-013-0378-1	Faculty of Agriculture, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; Institute of international forestry and forest products, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Ethiopian Institutes of Agricultural Research/Forestry Research Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Alemu, A., Faculty of Agriculture, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia, Ethiopian Institutes of Agricultural Research/Forestry Research Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Yilma, Z., Institute of international forestry and forest products, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Eshete, A., Institute of international forestry and forest products, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Dejene, T., Institute of international forestry and forest products, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany	Despite the wide distribution of natural stands of Acacia senegal in Ethiopia, commercial exploitation of gum arabic is constrained by lack of tapping and development techniques. We evaluated the gum arabic yield from natural stands of A. senegal and the growth of 6 provenances in different parts of the country. For the gum yield evaluation from natural stands, four tapping positions and three tapping seasons were tested in a factorial RCB design. The second experiment in Metema evaluated survival and growth of six provenances. A. senegal trees in natural stands respond well to tapping if tapped during the appropriate season and at the correct position on the tree. The mean gum yield did not vary significantly by tapping season (p=0.63). Higher mean yield was, however, collected from trees tapped in October (96 g·tree-1 per two harvests). The mean yield differed significantly (p=0.009) between the tapping positions. Mean separation (α=0.05) shows that trees tapped at mid stem gave higher yield (160 g·tree-1 per two harvests). The interaction effect of tapping season and position was not significant. Higher mean yield ((70 ± 112) g·tree-1) was recorded in mid October-mid stem in two harvests. The second experiment indicated statistically significant difference in mean survival (p=0.0298), height (p=0.000) and root collar diameter (RCD), (p=0.012) between the six provenances. Highest survival, height and root collar diameter growth was observed from Abderafi provenance (100%, (148±11) cm, (38±11) mm, respectively). We recommend October and mid-stem and branches as appropriate tapping season and position. We recommend planting of the Abderafi provenance for the study area due to its superior growth and survival. Our study contributes to the proper selection of provenances for plantation development and improved tapping technology for better production of gum arabic in the country. © 2013 Northeast Forestry University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	A. Senegal; growth performance; gum Arabic; position; provenances; tapping season	commercial species; crop production; crop yield; growth modeling; lowland environment; plant community; provenance; root; seasonal variation; statistical analysis; survival; technological development; Ethiopia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947158614	Targeting agricultural research based on potential impacts on poverty reduction: Strategic program priorities by agro-ecological zone in Nigeria	Alene A.D., Manyong V.M., Tollens E.F., Abele S.	2007	Food Policy	32	3	10.1016/j.foodpol.2006.07.004	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; IITA-Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; IITA-Kampala, Uganda	Alene, A.D., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; Manyong, V.M., IITA-Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Tollens, E.F., Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Abele, S., IITA-Kampala, Uganda	Growing concern for poverty in the face of declining agricultural research budgets has increasingly required formal priority setting of public agricultural research in developing countries to ensure that scarce research resources are allocated in ways that will have the greatest impact on the poor. This paper assessed the potential impacts of alternative commodity research programs on poverty reduction in three agro-ecological zones of Nigeria and identified strategic agricultural research priorities in the three zones. The paper discusses the poverty reduction-based priorities and their role in facilitating dialogue between research managers and policymakers aimed at sharpening the focus of agricultural research to achieve poverty reduction objectives in Nigeria. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Agricultural research; Nigeria; Poverty reduction; Priority setting	agricultural development; agricultural research; developing world; poverty alleviation; research program; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901020774	Impact of prehypertension on left ventricular mass and QT dispersion in adult black Nigerians	Ale O.K., Ajuluchukwu J.N., Ok D.A., Mbakwem A.C.	2014	Cardiovascular Journal of Africa	25	2	10.5830/CVJA-2014-010	Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Ale, O.K., Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Ajuluchukwu, J.N., Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Ok, D.A., Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Mbakwem, A.C., Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Background: Prehypertension has been associated with target-organ damage. This study sought to determine the impact of prehypertension (PHT) on QT dispersion and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in adult black Nigerians. Methods: One hundred and one subjects with office blood pressure (BP) &lt; 140/90 mmHg were categorised according to their office BP into normotensive (normal BP &lt; 120/80 mmHg, n = 57) and prehypertensive (prehypertensive BP 120-139/80-89 mmHg, n = 44) groups. Echocardiography and electrocardiography (ECG) were performed on the subjects. Results: Thirty-four males aged 53.65 ± 16.33 years and 67 females aged 52.42 ± 12.00 years were studied. The mean QT interval dispersion (QTd) of the normotensive (38.96 ± 11.06 ms) and prehypertensive (38.41 ± 11.81 ms) groups were similar (p = 0.81). Prehypertensive subjects had higher left ventricular mass (LVM) (165.75 ± 33.21 vs 144.54 ± 35.55 g, p = 0.024), left ventricular mass index 1 (LVMI-1) (91.65 ± 16.84 vs 80.45 ± 18.65 g/m2, p = 0.021) and left ventricular mass index 2 (LVMI-2) (54.96 ± 10.84 vs 47.51 ± 12.00 g/m2.7, p = 0.017). QT d was independent of echocardiographic and electrocardiographic LVH (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with normotension, prehypertension is associated with higher LVM but similar QTd. This suggests that structural remodelling precedes electrical remodelling in prehypertension.	Adult black Nigerian; Left ventricular hypertrophy; Left ventricular mass; Prehypertension; QT dispersion	adult; aged; article; controlled study; echocardiography; electrocardiography; female; heart left ventricle hypertrophy; heart left ventricle mass; human; major clinical study; male; middle aged; Nigeria; prehypertension; QT dispersion; very elderly; blood pressure; blood pressure measurement; complication; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; pathophysiology; physiology; prehypertension; procedures; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Prehypertension	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952820483	Comparative, nutritive and physico-chemical evaluation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) leaf protein concentrate and fish meal	Aletor O.	2010	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	8	2	None	Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria	Aletor, O., Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria	Leaf protein concentrate (LPC) from cassava (Manihot esculenta) and fish meal were analysed and compared for their proximate chemical composition, gross energy, mineral constituents and functional properties. Also their amino acid profile and in vitro multi-enzyme protein digestibility were determined. The cassava LPC contained on the average (g/100 g DM) 41.7 crude protein (CP), 6.3 ether extract (EE), 0.5 crude fibre (CF) and 8.1 ash while the fish meal contained 65.7, 9.6, 0.5 and 14.9 g/100 g DM, CP, EE, CF and ash, respectively. The CP, EE and ash content of fish meal were generally higher than those of the LPC while the gross energy was higher in the latter than in the former. Among the major minerals Na, K, Mg and Zn were generally higher in the LPC while Ca, P and Fe were more abundant in the fish meal. Higher variation in concentration were generally observed in the major minerals as indicated by the high coefficients of variation (CV) ranging from 56 to 133%. The mean value for water absorption capacity (WAC), emulsion capacity (EC) and emulsion stability (ES) in cassava LPC (158.0, 55.4 and 56.9%, respectively) were similar to those of fish meal (200.0, 47.9 and 47.7%, respectively). The fat absorption capacity, foaming capacity and foaming stability of cassava LPC were generally lower than those of fish meal as indicated by the very high CV (%) ranging from 115 to 136%. Protein solubilities of the two protein concentrates were generally higher in both the acid and alkaline media. Amino acids scores, with egg as reference, for fish meal were generally higher than for LPC while the in vitro multi-enzyme protein digestibility indicates that the cassava LPC was more digestible (86.3%) than the fish meal (74.9%).	Amino acid profile; Functional properties; Gross energy; in vitro multi-enzyme protein digestibility; Mineral constituents; Proximate chemical composition	amino acid; calcium; enzyme; ether derivative; fat; iron; magnesium; phosphorus; potassium; sodium; vegetable protein; water; zinc; article; ash; cassava; comparative study; digestion; egg; emulsion; energy; fiber; fish; foaming; in vitro study; lipid absorption; meal; nutritional value; physical chemistry; scoring system; solubility; water absorption; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846357832	Comparative evaluation of the nutritive and functional attributes of some traditional Nigerian snacks and oil seed cakes	Aletor O., Ojelabi A.	2007	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	6	1	None	Department of Chemistry, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Aletor, O., Department of Chemistry, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Ojelabi, A., Department of Chemistry, The Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	The proximate composition, the content of nutritionally valuable minerals and functional properties of some traditional Nigerian snacks: peanut ball (Kulikuli), maize-groundnut ball (Donkwa) and melon ball (Robo) were analyzed along with some oilseed cakes: groundnut cake (GNC), palm kernel cake (PKC) and soya bean cake (SBC). On the average the samples contained 31.7 g/100 g DM crude protein (range, 25.2-34.3 g/ 100 g DM); 20.6 g/100g DM crude fat (range, 9.2-29.6 g/100g DM); 8.0 g/ 100g DM crude fibre(range, 2.5-22.4g/100g DM) and ash 10.5 g/100g (range, 2.0-20 g/100g DM) The protein content of the snacks were generally similar to those of the oilseed cakes, while the fat content of the snacks were much higher. The crude fibre content was least in kulikuli while PKC had the highest value. The ash content of the snacks were generally much higher than those of the oilseed cakes. The gross energy ranged between 310.8 kcal/100 g in PKC to 559.2 kcal/100 g in kulikuli. Ca, Mg, P, K and Na were the most abundant minerals in both the snacks and oilseed cakes, while the Zn, Cu and Mn were the least abundant. The snacks were particularly much higher in their Na content. Among the functional attributes, the water absorption capacity (WAC) ranged from 70 to 220% in the traditional snacks, and from 200 to 260 % in the oilseed cakes. Foaming absorption capacity (FAC), varied from 128 to 147% in the snacks while it varied from 184 to 221% in the oilseed cakes. The least gelation concentration of Kulikuli, Robo and palm kernel cake were identical. Fat emulsion capacity and emulsion stability were also similar in all the products. All the samples had varying solubilities with change in pH. The proteins generally had multiple maxima and minima in their solubilities. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Nigerian snacks; Oilseed cakes; Palm kernel cake	calcium; copper; fat; magnesium; manganese; phosphorus; potassium; protein; sodium; zinc; article; ash; calorie; concentration (parameters); controlled study; dietary fiber; emulsion; fat content; food composition; gelation; lipid metabolism; maize; melon; Nigeria; nutritional value; peanut; pH measurement; protein content; solubility; soybean; water absorption; Arachis hypogaea; Cucumis; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879079917	Evaluating the growth performance of local Kei chickens and their F 1-crosses with Rhode Island Red and Fayoumi breeds in watershed areas of Guraghe administrative zone, southern Ethiopia	Alewi M., Melesse A.	2013	Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems	16	1	None	Debrezeit Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Alewi, M., Debrezeit Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Melesse, A., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	This study describes the on-farm performance of local Kei chicken and its F1 crosses with Fayoumi and Rhode Island Red (RIR) breeds in Beresa watershed of Guraghe administrative zone, southern Ethiopia. The Kei paternal line was mated with maternal lines of Fayoumi and RIR chickens to produce F1-crosses. Body weight developments and feed intake were determined on weekly basis. Then body weight gain and feed efficiency ratios (FER, weight gain: feed) were calculated. Hatchability was 59.0% and 73.7%, 54.7% for Kei, Fayoumi-crosses and RIR-crosses, respectively. In male chicks, the mean day-old weight ranged from 28.8 to 40.1 g and in female chicks from 26.2 to 35.8 g. The average body weight of matured male and female RIR-crosses was 1682 and 1227 g, respectively. The corresponding values for Fayoumi-crosses were 1310 and 1054 g and that of local Kei 1273 and 987 g. During the brooding period, the average daily feed intake was 25.9, 27.0 and 24.4 g for Kei, Fayoumi-crosses and RIR-crosses, respectively. The mean FER was 0.197, 0.213 and 0.243 g for Kei, Fayoumi-crosses and RIR-crosses, respectively. The average age at sexual maturity for Kei, Fayoumi-crosses and RIR-crosses was 183, 154 and 162 days, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that both F 1-crosses showed a significant improvement in body weight, weight gain and FER under farmers' management condition of the watershed areas suggesting the suitability of both genetic combinations with local Kei chickens for on-farm chicken productivity.	F1-crosses; Farmers' management; Fayoumi chicken; Growth performance; Local Kei chicken; Rhode Island Red chicken	Gallus gallus	None
WoS	WOS:000320574400001	Can palliative care integrated within HIV outpatient settings improve pain and symptom control in a low-income country? A prospective, longitudinal, controlled intervention evaluation	Alexander, Carla,Collins, Karilyn,Combo, Eric,Harding, Richard,Loy, George,Memiah, Peter,Patrick, Genevieve,Sigalla, Geoffrey,Simms, Victoria	2013	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	25	7	10.1080/09540121.2012.736608	Kings College London, University of London, University of Maryland Baltimore, University System of Maryland, AIDS Relief, Evangel Lutheran Church Tanzania, Hosp Teule, Sekou Toure Hosp	"Alexander, Carla: University of Maryland Baltimore","Alexander, Carla: University System of Maryland","Harding, Richard: Kings College London","Harding, Richard: University of London","Memiah, Peter: University of Maryland Baltimore","Memiah, Peter: University System of Maryland","Simms, Victoria: Kings College London","Simms, Victoria: University of London",	A high burden of pain, symptoms and other multidimensional problems persist alongside HIV treatment. WHO policy indicates palliative care as essential throughout the disease course. This study aimed to determine whether palliative care delivered from within an existing HIV outpatient setting improves control of pain and symptoms compared to standard care. A prospective, longitudinal controlled design compared patient outcomes at an outpatient facility that introduced palliative care training to clinicians and stocked essential palliative care drugs, to outcomes of a cohort of patients at a similar HIV care facility with no palliative care, in Tanzania. Inclusion criteria were clinically significant pain or symptoms. Patients were followed from baseline fortnightly until week 10 using validated self-report outcome measures. For the primary pain outcome, the required sample size of 120 patients was recruited. Odds of reporting pain reduced significantly more at intervention site (OR=0.60, 95% CI 0.50-0.72) than at control (OR=0.85, 95% CI 0.80-0.90), p=0.001. For secondary outcomes, longitudinal analysis revealed significant difference in slope between intervention and control, respectively: Medical Outcomes Study-HIV (MOS-HIV) physical score 1.46 vs. 0.54, p=0.002; MOS-HIV mental health 1.13 vs. 0.26, p=0.006; and POS total score 0.84 vs. 0.18, p=0.001. Neither baseline CD4 nor antiretroviral therapy (ART) use was associated with outcome scores. These data are the first to report outcomes evaluating integrated HIV outpatient palliative care in the presence of ART. The data offer substantive evidence to underpin the existing WHO clinical guidance that states an essential role for palliative care alongside HIV treatment, regardless of prognosis.	evaluation,HIV,PAIN,palliative,SYMPTOMS,"ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",BURDEN,CONTROLLED-TRIALS,"HEALTH SURVEY",INFECTION,"OUTCOME SCALE",PREVALENCE,QUALITY-OF-LIFE,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",UGANDA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-30844471970	Performance specifications for concrete using the durability index approach	Alexander M., Ballim Y., Santhanam M.	2005	Indian Concrete Journal	79	12	None	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Concrete Materials Research Group, UCT, United States; WITS; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering; African Materials Research Society; Building Technology and Construction Management Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India	Alexander, M., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Concrete Materials Research Group, UCT, United States; Ballim, Y., WITS, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, African Materials Research Society; Santhanam, M., Building Technology and Construction Management Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India	The noticeable shift towards performance specifications for durability calls for the adoption of reproducible, reliable and quick measures of transport parameters that are known to affect concrete durability. In addition, the ability to assess these parameters in actual construction, appropriate criteria for limiting values for durability parameters, and penalties or incentives for failing or achieving the necessary durability requirements, are equally important. The "Durability Index" approach has been developed in South Africa to provide a basis for specifying performance for durability of concrete. Three tests that primarily measure the transport properties of cover zone concrete are used to generate performance indicators. This approach has been successfully used in practice in South Africa, and could have a good potential for application in the Indian concrete industry. This paper describes briefly the tests followed under the durability index approach, and how the results from these tests could be used to set up performance criteria that can be used for specifying concrete quality to ensure long-term performance.	Conductivity; Durability; Performance; Permeability; Sorptivity	Concrete durability; Conductivity; Sorptivity; Concrete construction; Construction industry; Mechanical permeability; Performance; Specifications; Concretes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939881403	Habitat simplification increases the impact of a freshwater invasive fish	Alexander M.E., Kaiser H., Weyl O.L.F., Dick J.T.A.	2014	Environmental Biology of Fishes	98	2	10.1007/s10641-014-0278-z	Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; Department of Ichythology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology, SAIAB, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, South Africa; Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, MBC, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom	Alexander, M.E., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa; Kaiser, H., Department of Ichythology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, South Africa; Weyl, O.L.F., South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, South Africa, Centre for Invasion Biology, SAIAB, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, South Africa; Dick, J.T.A., Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, MBC, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom	Biodiversity continues to decline at a range of spatial scales and there is an urgent requirement to understand how multiple drivers interact in causing such declines. Further, we require methodologies that can facilitate predictions of the effects of such drivers in the future. Habitat degradation and biological invasions are two of the most important threats to biodiversity and here we investigate their combined effects, both in terms of understanding and predicting impacts on native species. The predatory largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides is one of the World’s Worst Invaders, causing declines in native prey species, and its introduction often coincides with habitat simplification. We investigated the predatory functional response, as a measure of ecological impact, of juvenile largemouth bass in artificial vegetation over a range of habitat complexities (high, intermediate, low and zero). Prey, the female guppy Poecilia reticulata, were representative of native fish. As habitats became less complex, significantly more prey were consumed, since, even although attack rates declined, reduced handling times resulted in higher maximum feeding rates by bass. At all levels of habitat complexity, bass exhibited potentially population de-stabilising Type II functional responses, with no emergence of more stabilising Type III functional responses as often occurs in predator-prey relationships in complex habitats. Thus, habitat degradation and simplification potentially exacerbate the impact of this invasive species, but even highly complex habitats may ultimately not protect native species. The utilisation of functional responses under varying environmental contexts provides a method for the understanding and prediction of invasive species impacts. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Freshwater fish; Functional response; Global change; Habitat complexity; Impact; Invasive species	None	DMR, Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa; DST, Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa; NRF, Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa; 85,417, Department of Science and Technology, Re
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952004024	Performance of sewer pipe concrete mixtures with portland and calcium aluminate cements subject to mineral and biogenic acid attack	Alexander M.G., Fourie C.	2011	Materials and Structures/Materiaux et Constructions	44	1	10.1617/s11527-010-9629-1	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Alexander, M.G., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Fourie, C., University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	The paper reports on the performance of a series of sewer pipe concrete mixtures and cementitious lining mixtures in acid environments. Binder types based on ordinary portland cement (OPC) and calcium aluminate cement (CAC) were used, with both acid-soluble and acid-insoluble aggregates and various supplementary cementitious materials (SCM). One series of tests subjected the mixtures to pure mineral acid (hydrochloric acid, pH = 1), using a specially designed dynamic test rig. The other series of tests involved monitoring specimens placed in a live sewer under very aggressive conditions induced by acid-generating bacteria. Under mineral acid attack on concretes with conventional dolomite aggregates, OPC/silica fume concretes displayed best performance, attributed to their densified microstructure coupled with substantially improved ITZ. CAC concretes with dolomite aggregate did not perform any better than similar OPC specimens under these conditions, primarily because of their higher porosity. However, with concretes using synthetic alagTM aggregates in mineral acid testing, CAC/alagTM mixtures performed exceptionally well due to their homogeneous microstructure, inferred absence of an ITZ, and slower dissolution and finer size of alag TM aggregate particles. The dynamic acid test was able to reveal differences in physical and chemical interactions between constituents in concrete mixes. Under biogenic acid conditions in the sewer, CAC concretes clearly outperformed OPC concretes. This is ascribed to the ability of CAC to stifle the metabolism of the acid-generating bacteria, thereby reducing acid generation. Thus the effects of neutralisation capacity and stifling of bacterial activity need to be distinguished in designing concrete mixtures to provide good acid resistance. Relative rates of dissolution of binder and aggregates are also important in overall performance, with uniform rates preferable in order to avoid aggregate fallout. © 2010 RILEM Résumé: Cet article présente des séries d'essais visant à évaluer la résistance à la corrosion acide de différents bétons et mortiers de protection utilisés pour les tuyaux d'assainissement. Les types de liant sont du Ciment Portland (OPC) et du ciment d'aluminate de calcium (CAC), combinés à des granulats soit solubles dans l'acide soit insolubles, avec ou sans ajouts minéraux (SCM). Dans une première série de tests, les bétons sont soumis à un acide minéral pur (acide chlorydrique, pH = 1) à l'aide d'un montage dynamique spécialement conçu pour ce programme. Une deuxième série d'essais consiste à suivre des éprouvettes exposées dans un réseau d'égout en service, dans des conditions très sévères de corrosion biogénique induites par les bactéries produisant de l'acide. Soumises à la corrosion par l'acide minéral, les éprouvettes de béton OPC/fumée de silice avec des granulats dolomitiques ont montré la meilleure performance, probablement en raison d'une microstructure plus dense et d'une auréole de transition (ITZ) nettement améliorée. Les bétons de CAC avec granulats dolomitiques n'ont pas pré senté une meilleure performance par rapport aux bétons de Portland dans cet essai, probablement en raison d'une plus grande porosité. A l'inverse, les bétons de CAC/granulats ALAGTM ont exceptionnellement bien résisté au test à l'acide minéral, en raison à l'homogénéité de la microstructure, de l'absence d'auréole de transition, d'une dissolution plus lente et de la taille réduite des particules de granulats ALAG TM. Le test dynamique de résistance à la corrosion acide a permis de mettre en évidence les différences dans les interactions physiques et chimiques entre les constituants des bétons. Dans les conditions de corrosion acide d'origine biogénique en réseau d'assainissement, les bétons de CAC ont clairement mieux tenu que les bétons d'OPC. Cela est attribué à la capacité des CAC de freiner le métabolisme des bactéries produisant de l'acide, réduisant ainsi la production d'acide. En conséquence, les paramètres de capacité de neutralisation et de réduction de l'activité biologique doivent être distingués dans la conception d'une formule de bétons pour obtenir une bonne résistance à la corrosion acide. Les taux relatifs de dissolution du liant et des granulats sont aussi importants dans la performance globale, des taux similaires étant préférable pour éviter le déchaussement des granulats. © 2010 RILEM.	Acid attack; Acid resistance; AlagTM aggregates; Biogenic; Calcium aluminate cement; Concrete sewer pipes; Performance	Acid attack; Alag aggregates; Biogenic; Calcium aluminate cement; Concrete sewer pipes; Performance; Agglomeration; Bacteriology; Binders; Calcium; Concrete aggregates; Concrete construction; Concrete mixers; Concrete pipe; Concretes; Corrosion; Dissolution; Hydrochloric acid; Microstructure; Minerals; Mixtures; Portland cement; Sewers; Silicate minerals; Testing; Acid resistance	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650844232	Impact of branding and product augmentation on decision making in the b2b market	Alexander N.S., Bick G., Abratt R., Bendixen M.	2009	South African Journal of Business Management	40	1	None	Wits Business School, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 98, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Nova Southeastern University, Wits Business School, 3301 College Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FI22214, United States	Alexander, N.S., Wits Business School, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 98, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Bick, G., Wits Business School, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 98, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Abratt, R., Nova Southeastern University, Wits Business School, 3301 College Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FI22214, United States; Bendixen, M., Nova Southeastern University, Wits Business School, 3301 College Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FI22214, United States	The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the brand and product augmentation on the buyers of industrial tyres. While much has been studied about branding issues in B2C markets, very little research has been conducted in B2B markets. The research method used was a conjoint analysis experiment. The subjects were decision-making unit (DMU) members of open-pit mining companies in South Africa who purchased industrial tyres for mining operations. The results suggest that the brand is very important, followed by durability, and price. Differences of magnitude amongst the members of the DMU occurred. The impact of these findings as well as the implications for buyers and suppliers are discussed.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903869313	Evaluation of the antiradical activity of hyperjovinol-A utilizing donor-acceptor maps	Alfaro R.A.D., Gomez-Sandoval Z., Mammino L.	2014	Journal of Molecular Modeling	20	7	10.1007/s00894-014-2337-y	Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Villa de Álvarez, Mexico; Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Alfaro, R.A.D., Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Villa de Álvarez, Mexico; Gomez-Sandoval, Z., Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Villa de Álvarez, Mexico; Mammino, L., Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Hyperjovinol-A ((2-methyl-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloct- 6-enyl)phen yl)propan-1-one) is an acylated phloroglucinol isolated from Hypericum Jovis and exhibiting good antioxidant activity. The study investigates the compound's antiradical ability on the basis of the electron-donor and electron-acceptor abilities of its conformers, deriving donor and acceptor indexes and mapping them in terms of donor-acceptor maps (DAM). The DAMs of vitamins C and E and of carotene astaxantine are used as comparison references. Calculations were performed at the DFT/BPW91/6-311+G(d,p) level, with optimizations on fully relaxed geometries to obtain the conformers of the neutral molecule in vacuo, and single point calculations to obtain the energies of the cationic and anionic species in vacuo and of the neutral, cationic, and anionic species in water, ethanol, and pentylethanoate. The calculations in solution utilized the polarizable continuum model (PCM). The results indicate that hyperjovinol-A may have better antiradical activity than vitamin C. This is in agreement with experimental results, showing that the antioxidant activity of hyperjovinol-A is comparable with that of the best drugs currently in clinical use. The activity is maintained in solution. The Fukui function f - was also calculated for all the conformers of hyperjovinol-A, to identify the regions of highest reactivity. © 2014 Springer-Verlag.	Acylphloroglucinols; Antioxidants; Antiradical activity; Donor-acceptor maps; Fukui functions; Hyperjovinol-A; Polyphenolic compounds	alcohol; anion; ascorbic acid; carotene; carotene astaxantine; cation; hyperjovinol A; phenol derivative; phloroglucinol derivative; unclassified drug; vitamin D; water; alpha tocopherol; ascorbic acid; carotenoid; free radical; hyperjovinol A; phloroglucinol; scavenger; antioxidant activity; antiradical activity donor-acceptor; article; controlled study; electron; geometry; Hypericum; Hypericum jovis; ionization; model; polarizable continuum model; priority journal; reaction analysis; analogs and derivatives; chemical structure; chemistry; comparative study; computer simulation; solubility; structure activity relation; Hypericum jovis; Ascorbic Acid; Carotenoids; Computer Simulation; Free Radical Scavengers; Free Radicals; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Phloroglucinol; Solubility; Structure-Activity Relationship; Vitamin E	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947292047	Diversity and potential impact of Calonectria species in Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil	Alfenas R.F., Lombard L., Pereira O.L., Alfenas A.C., Crous P.W.	2015	Studies in Mycology	80	None	10.1016/j.simyco.2014.11.002	Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, CT Utrecht, Netherlands; Clonar Resistência a Doenças Florestais, CENTEV, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, CH Utrecht, Netherlands	Alfenas, R.F., Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, Clonar Resistência a Doenças Florestais, CENTEV, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Lombard, L., CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, CT Utrecht, Netherlands; Pereira, O.L., Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Alfenas, A.C., Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Crous, P.W., CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, CT Utrecht, Netherlands, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, CH Utrecht, Netherlands	Species in the genus Calonectria (Hypocreales) represent an important group of plant pathogenic fungi that cause serious losses to plant crops in tropical and subtropical climates. Calonectria leaf blight is currently one of the main impediments to Eucalyptus cultivation in Brazil, and various species of Calonectria have been associated with this disease. Since most previous identifications were solely based on morphological characters, much of the published literature needs to be re-evaluated. The aim of this study was thus to identify and determine the phylogenetic relationships among species that occur in the Eucalyptus growing regions of Brazil by using partial sequences of the β-tubulin, calmodulin, translation elongation factor 1-α and histone H3 gene regions. Based on extensive collections from soil and infected eucalypt leaf samples from plantations, phylogenetic inference revealed the Ca. pteridis complex to be the most common species complex present in Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. By elucidating taxa in the Ca. pteridis, Ca. cylindrospora and Ca. candelabra species complexes, 20 novel Calonectria species were identified, and a new name in Calonectria provided for Cylindrocladium macrosporum as Ca. pseudopteridis. © 2014 CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre.	Calonectria leaf blight; Cylindrocladium; Damping-off; Diversity; Taxonomy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928746776	Ecological impact of river impoundment on zooplankton	Alhassan E.H., Ofori-Danson P.K., Samman J.	2015	Zoology and Ecology	25	2	10.1080/21658005.2015.1012322	Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana; Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; School of Applied Sciences, Central University College, Accra, Ghana	Alhassan, E.H., Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana; Ofori-Danson, P.K., Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Samman, J., School of Applied Sciences, Central University College, Accra, Ghana	The current study was carried out to assess the ecological impact of impoundment using zooplankton as indicators. Sampling was conducted at two stations Bui and Bamboi that are located upstream and downstream of the dam, respectively. Sixteen species of zooplankton belonging to the order Cladocera (suborder Copepoda) were identified. Cladocerans were dominated by Leptodora sp. while copepods by Cyclops sp. Cladoceran densities increased from 29.67 ind./m3 in the pre-impoundment period to 1179.4 ind./m3 in the immediate post-impoundment period with a significant difference (p < 0.05) between these periods recorded. Hence, the abundance of Cladocerans varied following the Bui dam impoundment on the Black Volta River. The study into seasonal zooplankton distribution showed that zooplankton abundance reached the highest values during the wet season. Abundance of zooplankton groups at the upstream station was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that at the downstream station, indicating the impact of impoundment on zooplankton ecology downstream. Since zooplankton was more abundant during the wet season, factors such as climatic changes and/or dam construction that modify the flooding pattern of the river will also alter zooplankton community structure in the newly created Bui reservoir and may have serious implications for fish production in the entire Black Volta ecosystem. © 2015 Nature Research Centre.	Black Volta; Bui dam; river impoundment; zooplankton and macroinvertebrates	Cladocera; Copepoda; Cyclops (crustacean); Leptodora	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959776657	Limnological evaluation of the fisheries potentials of a Ghanaian reservoir	Alhassan E.H.	2011	Journal of Applied Sciences Research	7	2	None	Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana	Alhassan, E.H., Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana	Morpho-edaphic Index (MEI), and total nutrient input have been applied to the Dawhenya reservoir in Ghana from August 2006 to July 2007 to estimate existing fish yield and future potential productivity. The estimated existing fish yield from the reservoir was about 38.44 kg/ha. In the Dawhenya reservoir, 12 species belonging to 8 genera were encountered out of which 7 genera were fin fishes while the remaining genus was a shell fish. During the dry season, eight fish species were sampled and Barbus macrops contributed the highest (71.6 %) and Oreochromis niloticus the lowest (0.2 %) by weight while in the wet season five fish species were collected and Barbus macrops contributed the highest (85.3 %) and Macrobrachium vollenhovenii the lowest (2.1 %) of total weight of fish in drag net catches. Estimates of b-values ranged from 2.793 in Sarotherodon galilaeus to 3.267 in Macrobrachium vollenhovenii. Only Barbus macrops growth pattern in the reservoir was isometric meaning there was an equal increase in length and weight during growth, while Macrobrachium vollenhovenii, Macrobrachium macrobrachion and Sarotherodon galilaeus growth patterns were allometric, meaning increases in length and weight of the species were not equal during growth. The general physicochemical parameters monitored during the study period fell within the ranges suitable for fisheries and aquatic life in reservoirs, except for phosphates which were outside recommended ranges. Observations of pH showed that the reservoir was slightly alkaline. Agricultural activities within the catchment area of the reservoir should be monitored and controlled to prevent nutrient enrichment since the inhabitants were predominantly peasant farmers.	Finfish; Fish yield; Limnology; Morpho-edaphic; Reservoir; Shell fish	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946220074	Impact of gender participation in non-farming activities on household income and poverty levels in Pakistan	Ali A., Erenstein O., Rahut D.B.	2015	Work	52	2	10.3233/WOR-152103	International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), NARC, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Ali, A., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), NARC, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan; Erenstein, O., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Rahut, D.B., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	BACKGROUND: In the rural areas of Pakistan, the majority of farm households have small landholdings of less than 2 hectares. Both male and females are engaged in farming and non-farming activities. However, in Pakistan the gender-wise participation in farming activities is not much documented. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of the current study is to estimate the impact of male and female participation in non-farming activities on a household's income level and poverty status in Pakistan. METHODS: The current study is based on a cross-sectional data set collected from 325 households through a purposive random sampling technique. A detailed comprehensive questionnaire was prepared for data collection. The data were analyzed by employing the propensity score matching approach. RESULTS: The empirical results indicate that both male and female participation in non-farming activities has a positive impact on household welfare in Pakistan by raising income levels and thus contributing to poverty reduction. However, the impact is greater when the males of a household take part in these activities rather than the females. CONCLUSIONS: In the past only a few studies have focused on gender-based participation in non-farming activities. The non-farming sector is an important one in rural areas, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. More opportunities need to be created for both men and women in rural areas of Pakistan to find off-farm work, in order to increase household income and reduce poverty levels.	Non-farming opportunities; propensity score matching; rural areas	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880115352	Effect of feeding Prosopis juliflora pods and leaves on performance and carcass characteristics of Afar sheep	Ali A.S., Tudsri S., Rungmekarat S., Kaewtrakulpong K.	2012	Kasetsart Journal - Natural Science	46	6	None	Afar Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Research Institute, Afar Region, Samara 16, Ethiopia; Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Farm Mechanics, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	Ali, A.S., Afar Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Research Institute, Afar Region, Samara 16, Ethiopia; Tudsri, S., Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Rungmekarat, S., Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Kaewtrakulpong, K., Department of Farm Mechanics, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	Twenty Afar male sheep with initial mean body weight ± SD of 17.87 ± 1.19 kg were used to evaluate the effect of replacing commercial feed with Prosopis juliflora pods and leaves on growth performance, carcass and meat quality characteristics. Animals were equally divided into four dietary treatment groups for 120 d (Rhode grass hay (RGH), RGH + 300 g ground P. juliflora pods (PJP), RGH + 150 g each ground P. juliflora pods and leaves mix (PJPLM) and RGH + 300 g commercial concentrate mix (CCM) per head per day). Total dry matter and crude protein intakes increased (P < 0.05) in treatments supplemented with ground PJP and CCM. The average weight gain and meat quality parameters obtained by supplementing with 300 g ground PJP were significantly higher than the RGH and PJPLM treatment groups, but were comparable with that of CCM. The present study demonstrated the potential of using PJP for Afar lambs without adverse effects on growth and carcass characteristics. However, the intake of PJP reduced when mixed with leaves and this indicates the leaves are unpalatable.	Afar sheep; Carcass characteristics; Feed intake; Growth; Prosopis juliflora	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33644932942	The impact of HIV/AIDS on land rights: Perspectives from Kenya	Aliber M., Walker C.	2006	World Development	34	4	10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.09.010	Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Aliber, M., Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa; Walker, C., University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	The study examined the impact of HIV/AIDS on land tenure in rural Kenya. The study found fewer examples of dispossession of widows' and orphans' land rights than had been anticipated in light of the existing literature and anecdotal accounts, and some evidence that Kenya's statutory tenure system, notwithstanding its problems, can protect vulnerable individuals from tenure loss. This is not to diminish the social and economic costs of HIV/AIDS, but to caution against focusing on HIV/AIDS as the major threat to tenure security. Where HIV/AIDS does aggravate tenure insecurity, it is due to the conjunction of population pressure, stigmatization, and gendered power relations. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Africa; AIDS; Kenya; Land tenure	health and disease; human immunodeficiency virus; land use; medical geography; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954695993	Quality of life of HIV patients in a rural area of Western Uganda: Impact of a community-based antiretroviral treatment program	Alibhai A., Martin L.J., Kipp W., Konde-Lule J., Saunders L.D., Rubaale T., Houston S., Okech-Ojony J.	2010	Current HIV Research	8	5	10.2174/157016210791330400	School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Kabarole Health Department, Kabarole District Government, Fort Portal, Uganda; Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada	Alibhai, A., School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Martin, L.J., School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Kipp, W., School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Konde-Lule, J., School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Saunders, L.D., School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Rubaale, T., Kabarole Health Department, Kabarole District Government, Fort Portal, Uganda; Houston, S., Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Okech-Ojony, J., Kabarole Health Department, Kabarole District Government, Fort Portal, Uganda	Objective: Community-based antiretroviral treatment (CBART) programs should aim to achieve positive quality of life outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the health related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes of patients in a CBART program supported by community volunteers in one sub-county in western Uganda located 50 km from the nearest urban centre. Methods: We administered a translated version of the MOS-HIV survey and collected clinical data at baseline and after one year from 130 patients. Inclusion criteria included residency in the sub-county, eighteen years of age or, treatment- naïve, eligible for ART based on CD4 cell count <200 cells/mm3 or WHO clinical stage 3 or 4, and willing to accept daily treatment support by family/friends and to be visited by a community volunteer weekly. We assessed changes in physical health (PHS) and mental health (MHS) summary scores and examined associations between patient characteristics and changes in HRQOL. Results: After one year, we observed significant increases in mean PHS (42.7 to 50.1; p<0.01) and MHS (43.5 to 49.5; p<0.01) scores. Lower age (p<0.01) and lower baseline PHS scores (p<0.01) were associated with increases in PHS scores and lower age (p=0.03) and lower baseline MHS scores (p<0.01) were associated with increases in MHS scores. Fifteen patients (12%) had reductions in their HRQOL after one year which were not associated with patient or clinical characteristics, including virological suppression. Conclusions: The observed improvements in HRQOL demonstrate that positive treatment outcomes can be achieved in CBART programs in rural Uganda. However, some patients appear to experience declines in their overall well-being, despite achieving virological suppression. HRQOL surveys can be useful in identifying these patients, who may require additional attention and support to achieve the full benefits of ART. © 2010 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.	Antiretroviral therapy; Community based treatment; HIV/AIDS; Quality of life; Rural health services; Uganda	cotrimoxazole; efavirenz; lamivudine; nevirapine; stavudine; adult; age distribution; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; clinical study; cognition; family; female; friend; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; major clinical study; male; mental health; public health; quality of life; rural area; scoring system; social status; treatment outcome; Uganda; wellbeing; world health organization; Adult; Age Factors; Anti-HIV Agents; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; Rural Population; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938876090	Helping small babies survive: An evaluation of facility-based Kangaroo Mother Care implementation progress in Uganda	Aliganyira P., Kerber K., Davy K., Gamache N., Sengendo N.H., Bergh A.-M.	2014	Pan African Medical Journal	19	None	10.11604/pamj.2014.19.37.3928	Save the Children, Kampala, Uganda; Washington, DC, United States; University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; MRC Unit for Maternal and Infant Health Care Strategies, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Aliganyira, P., Save the Children, Kampala, Uganda, Washington, DC, United States; Kerber, K., Save the Children, Kampala, Uganda, Washington, DC, United States, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa; Davy, K., MRC Unit for Maternal and Infant Health Care Strategies, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Gamache, N., Save the Children, Kampala, Uganda, Washington, DC, United States; Sengendo, N.H., Save the Children, Kampala, Uganda, Washington, DC, United States; Bergh, A.-M., MRC Unit for Maternal and Infant Health Care Strategies, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Introduction: Prematurity is the leading cause of newborn death in Uganda, accounting for 38% of the nation's 39,000 annual newborn deaths. Kangaroo mother care is a high-impact; cost-effective intervention that has been prioritized in policy in Uganda but implementation has been limited. Methods: A standardised, cross-sectional, mixed-method evaluation design was used, employing semi-structured key-informant interviews and observations in 11 health care facilities implementing kangaroo mother care in Uganda. Results: The facilities visited scored between 8.28 and 21.72 out of the possible 30 points with a median score of 14.71. Two of the 3 highest scoring hospitals were private, not-for-profit hospitals whereas the second highest scoring hospital was a central teaching hospital. Facilities with KMC services are not equally distributed throughout the country. Only 4 regions (Central 1, Central 2, East-Central and Southwest) plus the City of Kampala were identified as having facilities providing KMC services. Conclusion: KMC services are not instituted with consistent levels of quality and are often dependent on private partner support. With increasing attention globally and in country, Uganda is in a unique position to accelerate access to and quality of health services for small babies across the country. © Patrick Aliganyira et al.	Delivery of health care; Implementation; Infant premature; Kangaroo Mother Care; Neonatal; Newborn; Preterm; Program evaluation; Uganda	Article; childhood mortality; cross-sectional study; evidence based practice; health care access; health care delivery; health care facility; health care quality; health program; health promotion; health service; human; maternal care; medical documentation; observational study; program cost effectiveness; program effectiveness; program evaluation; qualitative analysis; survival rate; Uganda	None
WoS	WOS:000327889700019	Evaluation of the impact of a breast cancer awareness program in rural Ghana: A cross-sectional survey	Ali, Ibrahim A.,Anderson, Benjamin O.,Dabis, Francois,Malvy, Denis,Mena, Marisa,Sasco, Annie J.,Sauvaget, Catherine,Wiafe-Addai, Beatrice,Wiafe, Seth A.	2014	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER	134	4	10.1002/ijc.28412	Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm), Loma Linda University, Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Segalen Univ, Breast Care Int & Peace & Love Hosp, Catalan Inst Oncol, Int Agcy Res Canc	"Ali, Ibrahim A.: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center","Anderson, Benjamin O.: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center","Wiafe, Seth A.: Loma Linda University",	Community awareness is crucial to early detection of breast cancer in low- and middle-income countries. In Ghana 60% of the cases are detected at late stages. Breast Care International (BCI) is a Ghanaian non-governmental organization dedicated to raising breast cancer awareness. A cross-sectional survey was designed to assess the impact of BCI program on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) toward breast cancer among women from rural communities of Ghana. A total of 232 women were interviewed in June 2011 in the Ashanti region; of these 131 participants were from a community that received the BCI program in August 2010 (intervention group) and 101 from another community that received the program post-survey (referent group). Data analysis was performed using Epi-Info version 3.5.3. Knowledge about breast cancer among participants who received the program was better than among those who did not. Only 53.5% of participants from the referent group knew that breast cancer usually appears as painless breast lump when compared to 82.3% from the intervention group. Participants who attended the program were significantly more likely to obtain higher knowledge scores (odds ratio (OR) = 2.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14-3.86) and to state practicing breast self-examination (OR = 12.29, 95% CI = 5.31-28.48). The BCI program improved KAP toward breast cancer. Further research is warranted to provide stronger evidence that the program improves breast cancer early detection.	"awareness program","BREAST CANCER","EARLY DETECTION",GHANA,AREA,CONSENSUS,IBADAN,"INCOME COUNTRIES",LOW-RESOURCE,MANAGEMENT,NIGERIA,WOMEN	None	None
WoS	WOS:000322634100001	Evaluating institutional capacity for research ethics in Africa: a case study from Botswana	Ali, Joseph,Hyder, Adnan A.,Kass, Nancy,Ndebele, Paul,Ssekubugu, Robert,Zafar, Waleed	2013	BMC MEDICAL ETHICS	14	None	10.1186/1472-6939-14-31	Johns Hopkins University, Uganda Virus Research Institute, University of Botswana	"Ali, Joseph: Johns Hopkins University","Ndebele, Paul: University of Botswana","Ssekubugu, Robert: Uganda Virus Research Institute","Zafar, Waleed: Johns Hopkins University"	Background: The increase in the volume of research conducted in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC), has brought a renewed international focus on processes for ethical conduct of research. Several programs have been initiated to strengthen the capacity for research ethics in LMIC. However, most such programs focus on individual training or development of ethics review committees. The objective of this paper is to present an approach to institutional capacity assessment in research ethics and application of this approach in the form of a case study from an institution in Africa. Methods: We adapted the Octagon model originally used by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency to assess an organization along eight domains in research ethics: basic values and identity; structure and organization; ability to carry out activities; relevance of activities to stated goals; capacity of staff and management; administrative, financing and accounting systems; its relations with target groups; and the national context. We used a mixed methods approach to collect empirical data at the University of Botswana from March to December 2010. Results: The overall shape of the external evaluation Octagon suggests that strengths of the University of Botswana are in the areas of structure, relevance, production and identity; while the university still needs more work in the areas of systems of finance, target groups, and environment. The Octagons also show the similarities and discrepancies between the 'external' and 'internal' evaluations and provide an opportunity for exploration of these different assessments. For example, the discrepant score for 'identity' between internal and external evaluations allows for an exploration of what constitutes a strong identity for research ethics at the University of Botswana and how it can be strengthened. Conclusions: There is a general lack of frameworks for evaluating research ethics capacity in LMICs. We presented an approach that stresses evaluation from both internal and external perspectives. This case study highlights the university's rapid progress in developing research ethics capacity and points to some notable areas for improvement. We believe that such an empirically-driven and participatory assessment allows a more holistic measurement and promotion of institutional capacity strengthening for research ethics in LMICs.	Africa,BIOETHICS,BOTSWANA,"capacity development","research ethics",CLINICAL-RESEARCH,GLOBALIZATION,"HEALTH RESEARCH","MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES",POLICY,SYSTEMS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958464771	Biochemical evaluation of serum metabolites, Enzymes and haematological indices of broilerchicks fed with varying levels of rumen epithelial scraps in place of fish meal proteins	Alikwe P.C.N., Faremi A.Y., Egwaikhide P.A.	2010	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	9	6	None	Department of Chemical Sciences, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria	Alikwe, P.C.N., Department of Chemical Sciences, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria; Faremi, A.Y., Department of Chemical Sciences, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria; Egwaikhide, P.A., Department of Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria	The effect of various inclusion of rumen epithelial scraps as substitute for fish meal proteins on the feed intake, nitrogen retention, serum metabolites, enzymes and haematological parameters in broiler-chicks in their finisher phase were examined. Five set of meal with 0%, 25%, 50%,75% and 100% inclusion of rumen epithelial scraps as substitute for fish meal proteins were formulated. 100 day old chicks were fed a nutritionally sound starter mash for four weeks after which they were randomly divided into five groups and placed on the various formulated diets. The feed intake and the weight gain in each group was measured for the following twenty one days after which the birds were sacrificed. Nitrogen retention, serum proteins, liver enzyme activities and haematological evaluation were carried out. The feed intake, nitrogen retention and the weight gain in broiler-chicks fed 75% and 100% RES inclusion diet were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of broiler-chicks fed 0%, 25% and 50%RES inclusion diet. The albumin/globulin ratio in broiler-chicks fed 100%RES inclusion diet was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of broiler-chicks in other groups. Mean cell heamoglobin (MCH), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean cell volume(MCV) in broiler-chicks fed 0%, 25% and 75% RES inclusion diet were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of broiler-chicks fed 50% and 100% RES inclusion diet. However neutrophils of broiler-chicks fed 0%, 25% and 50% RES inclusion diets were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of 75% and 100% RES inclusion diets. The pack cell volume(PCV), haemoglobin concentration(HBC), white blood cell(WBC), lymphocytes and monocytes compared favourably in all the groups. The liver alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase acivities in all the groups examined compared favourably. We infer that the 25% and 50% RES inclusion as substitute for fish meal protein could be employed to maintain the quality of the broiler-chicks while minimizing the high cost of whole fish meal since RES is an abattoir by-product that is available locally.	Abattoir; Broiler-chicks; Diet; Fish meal; Rumen epithelial scrap	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929379564	Exergy Performance Analysis and Optimization of a Desiccant Wheel System	Ali Mandegari M., Farzad S., Pahlavanzadeh H.	2015	Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications	7	3	10.1115/1.4030415	Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Banghoek Road, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Chemical Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran	Ali Mandegari, M., Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Banghoek Road, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Farzad, S., Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Banghoek Road, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Pahlavanzadeh, H., Chemical Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran	This paper focused on the exergy analysis and optimization of a dehumidification desiccant wheel (DW) system. A two-dimensional unsteady state numerical model was developed for simulation of the heat and mass transfer phenomena in a representative channel of a DW matrix. The DW mathematical model was validated using a series of experimental data and parametric studies were conducted to investigate the effects of operating parameters on the DW system performance. Exergy parameters were also studied and adopted to predict the total inlet-outlet exergy and exergy destruction, as well as exergy effectivenesses. Furthermore, a new exergy effectiveness parameter was introduced based on the concept of dehumidification. Parametric studies were carried out to characterize the optimal performance of the overall system regarding exergy destruction and exergy dehumidification effectivenesses. The results demonstrate that electrical power consumption, regeneration heat, and heat and mass transfer between air and desiccant are the main sources of exergy destruction. The optimization calculation shows that at the lowest process air velocity (u<inf></inf>p=0.2 m/s), lowest DW rotational speed (N<inf>DW</inf>=4 Rph), highest regeneration air temperature (T<inf>a,r,in</inf>=140 °C), and moderate regeneration air velocity (u<inf>r</inf>=1.7 m/s), minimum exergy destruction occurs. The optimal value of the parameters proves that, when exergy destruction effectiveness is selected as the objective function, the only regeneration air velocity is decision variable of optimization and operational limits impose on the other parameters. © 2015 by ASME.	Desiccant wheel system; Effectiveness; Exergy; Optimization	Air; Driers (materials); Heat transfer; Humidity control; Mass transfer; Optimization; Wheels; Desiccant wheels; Effectiveness; Electrical power consumption; Heat and mass transfer; Heat and mass transfer phenomenon; Optimization calculation; Performance analysis and optimizations; Two-dimensional unsteady-state numerical models; Exergy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881303746	Enhancement of speech communication technology performance using adaptive-control factor based spectral subtraction method	Alimia I.A., Kolawolea M.O.	2013	Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology	2013	2	None	Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Engineering Department, Positive FM, Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Alimia, I.A., Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Kolawolea, M.O., Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria, Engineering Department, Positive FM, Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	This paper presents speech enhancement technique based on Spectral Subtraction (SS) method. SS is a renowned noise reduction technique that works on the principle that noise spectrum estimate over the entire speech spectrum can be subtracted from the noisy signal. On the contrary, most of the noise encountered in the real-world conditions is majorly colored. Unlike Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), colored noise does not affect the speech signal uniformly over the entire spectrum. To mitigate effects of colored noise on the processed signal, we propose a Multi-Band Spectral Subtraction (MBSS) method using novel Adaptive-Control Factor (ACF). The spectrum is divided into frequency sub bands based on a nonlinear multi-band frame and various signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) are considered. The proposed scheme results in better system performance with quality signal and unlike the basic SS method. It mitigates the effects of anomaly known as "musical" tones artifacts in the processed signal that result in residual noise and speech distortion. The computational complexity involved is minimal. Furthermore, simulation results show that the proposed algorithm removes more colored noise without removing the relatively low amplitude speech signal over the entire speech spectrum. Subjective listening tests, with clean speech signals and different noise levels, show discernable performance of our proposed method when compared with the conventional SS approach.	Adaptive-Control Factor; MBSS; Musical noise; Sub-bands	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930241764	Effect of some hydrocolloids on coating performance of egg base coated fried yam chips	Alimi B.A., Shittu T.A., Sanni L.O.	2015	International Food Research Journal	22	3	None	Department of Food, Agricultural and Bio-Engineering, Kwara State University, Malete, P. M. B. 1530, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Alabata, P. M. B. 2240, Nigeria	Alimi, B.A., Department of Food, Agricultural and Bio-Engineering, Kwara State University, Malete, P. M. B. 1530, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Shittu, T.A., Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Alabata, P. M. B. 2240, Nigeria; Sanni, L.O., Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Alabata, P. M. B. 2240, Nigeria	The influence of xanthan gum (XG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and gum tragacanth (GT) mixed with either whole-egg or egg- white at 0.5-1.5% concentrations as coatings in fried yam chips was studied. The parameters studied include coating pick-up (CPU) of the chips prior to frying, cooked yield (CY) and frying loss (FL) of coated fried chips. Egg content (EC), Hydrocolloid type (HT) and concentration (HC) had significant (p<0.05) effect on all the parameters studied. Xanthan gum conferred highest CPU and CY, and least FL. Increasing HC significantly increased the CPU, CY and reduced FL for the coated fried samples. Chips coated with egg-white plus hydrocolloid showed higher CPU, CY and lower FL compared with that from whole. CPU was found to be correlated positively with CY (0.986) and negatively with FL (-0.920) (p ≤ 0.01). Polynomial regression model was the best to predict the effect of CPU on CY (0.888≤ r2 ≤0.976) and FL (0.733≤ r2≤0.865). Highly significant interactive effect of HT and HC (p≤0.001), and EC (p≤0.01) underscores the need to conduct further research to determine the optimum combination for reduced frying loss in order to ensure economy of processing.	Coating pick up; Egg; Frying loss; Hydrocolloids; Interactive effect; Model	Dioscorea alata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864538166	School types, facilities and academic performance of students in senior secondary schools in Ondo State, Nigeria	Alimi O.S., Ehinola G.B., Alabi F.O.	2012	International Education Studies	5	3	10.5539/ies.v5n3p44	Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria	Alimi, O.S., Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Ehinola, G.B., Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Alabi, F.O., Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria	The study investigated the influence of school types and facilities on students' academic performance in Ondo State. It was designed to find out whether facilities and students' academic performance are related in private and public secondary schools respectively. Descriptive survey design was used. Proportionate random sampling technique was used to select 50 schools in Ondo state. Two set of research instruments named School Facility Descriptive and Students Academic Performance Questionnaire (SFDAPQ) for principals; and School Facility Descriptive Questionnaire (SFDQ) for the teachers were used for the study. T- test was used to analyze the data. All hypotheses were tested at a significant level of 0.05. The study revealed a significant difference in facilities available in public and private schools in Ondo State. It however revealed no significant difference in academic performance of students in the two types of secondary schools. Suggestions for the procurement of more facilities in public secondary schools were made in order to enhance students' academic performance.	Measure of effectiveness; Physical facilities; School types; Social wastage; Students performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957474462	Chemical evaluation of the nutritive value of Pentaclethra macrophylla tenth (African oil bean) seeds	Alinnor I.J., Oze R.	2011	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	10	4	10.3923/pjn.2011.355.359	Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Alinnor, I.J., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Oze, R., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria	Pentaclethra macrophylla benth (African oil bean) seeds were analyzed for their nutritive values. The result showed that Pentaclethra macrophylla seeds have moisture content 11.87%, ash content 2.95%, crude fat content 46.95%, crude protein content 20.95%, crude fibre content 2.50%, carbohydrate content 14.79%, available energy 2344.56 kJ. The mineral content of the analyzed samples showed that Pentaclethra macrophylla seeds were rich in iron of value 140.97 mg/100 g. The analysis indicates that potassium is the most abundant mineral. The high Ca/P ratio indicates that Pentaclethra macrophylla is a very good food source. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Mineral compositions; Nutritive values; Pentaclethra macrophylla	iron; potassium; article; ash; carbohydrate analysis; controlled study; dietary fiber; fat content; food composition; legume; moisture; nonhuman; nutritional value; pentaclethra macrophylla; plant seed; protein content; Pentaclethra macrophylla	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873508667	High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method development and validation indicating assay for ciprofloxacin hydrochloride	Ali S.A., Mmuo C.C., Abdulraheem R.O., Abdulkareem S.S., Alemika E.T., Sani M.A., Ilyas M.	2011	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science	1	8	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Federal Polytechnic, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutica	Ali, S.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria; Mmuo, C.C., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria; Abdulraheem, R.O., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria; Abdulkareem, S.S., Department of Chemistry, Federal Polytechnic, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria; Alemika, E.T., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Sani, M.A., Department of Heamatology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria; Ilyas, M., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	A new simple, rapid, selective, precise and accurate isocratic reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography assay has been developed for the estimation of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride in tablet formulation. The separation was achieved by using C-18 column (LichroCART® 125x4mm, 5μm) coupled with a guard column of silica in mobile phase methanol: buffer (0.025M Orthophosphoric acid with the pH adjusted to 3.0±0.1 with triethylamine) (40:60v/v). The flow rate was 2.0ml/min and the drug was detected using UV detector at the wavelength of 278nm. The retention time was within 1.753 - 1.757 minutes. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The proposed method was found to be accurate, repeatability and consistent. It was successfully applied for the analysis of the drug in marketed formulation and could be effectively used for the routine analysis of formulation containing the drug without any alteration in the chromatography conditions.	Ciprofloxacin; HPLC; Liquid chromatography	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887043992	Reproductive performance of dairy cows under artificial insemination in south and northwest part of Ethiopia	Ali T., Lemma A., Yilma T.	2013	Livestock Research for Rural Development	25	11	None	Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, P.O.Box 34, Debrezeit, Ethiopia	Ali, T., Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, P.O.Box 34, Debrezeit, Ethiopia; Lemma, A., Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, P.O.Box 34, Debrezeit, Ethiopia; Yilma, T., Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, P.O.Box 34, Debrezeit, Ethiopia	A cross sectional study and retrospective data analysis were conducted to examine and characterize the reproductive practices and outcomes by location (district) and to identify cow factors that influence reproductive efficiency of dairy cows under artificial insemination (AI). Data were collected on reproductive events from 428 dairy farms in four districts from two regional states of Ethiopia. The overall mean age at first calving (AFC) was 34.8 (n=386) months, where it was significantly different across locations (districts). Mean days for calving to first service interval (CFSI) and calving to conception interval (CCI) were 222 (n=320) and 257(n=234), respectively. Even if breed and location differences had no effect on CFSI; CCI was significantly affected by location. Number of service per conception (NSC) for pregnant cows were 1.55 (n=234) and there was statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in the NSC between districts and between breeds. First service conception rate (FSCR) was 40.9% with significant difference (P<0.05) between location (districts) and breeds. Days after last calving (DALC) were 260.8 (n=331) and had significant difference between breeds. All the traits studied did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between parities. In Ethiopia, location and breed differences are still the major determinants of reproductive performance of dairy cows.	Breed; Calving to conception interval; Number of service per conception; Parity; Region	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925738883	Municipal household solid waste collection strategies in an African megacity: Analysis of public private partnership performance in Lagos	Aliu I.R., Adeyemi O.E., Adebayo A.	2014	Waste Management and Research	32	None	10.1177/0734242X14544354	Department of Geography and Planning, Lagos State University, PMB 1087, Apapa Ojo-Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Sociology, Lagos State University, Ojo-Lagos, Nigeria	Aliu, I.R., Department of Geography and Planning, Lagos State University, PMB 1087, Apapa Ojo-Lagos, Nigeria; Adeyemi, O.E., Department of Sociology, Lagos State University, Ojo-Lagos, Nigeria; Adebayo, A., Department of Geography and Planning, Lagos State University, PMB 1087, Apapa Ojo-Lagos, Nigeria	Managing municipal solid waste is a pervasive urban problem globally. While several strategies have been applied for efficient municipal solid waste management in developing economies, their performance level has not been critically investigated. Among these strategies, the public private partnership has widest appeal. This study examines the performance of public private partnership in household solid waste collection in Lagos, Nigeria. We collected primary data using a municipal solid waste survey in three residential density areas of Lagos megacity. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Two indexes of service performance, namely the service reliability index and operational quality index, were created to produce evidence on public private partnership performance in municipal solid waste collection in Lagos. Results show that the average amount of household solid waste generation per week ranges between 22.75 kg in the medium residential density area and 30.39 kg in the high residential density region of the city. The estimated per capita waste generated in Lagos Megacity is 0.95 kg day-1. Regression models indicate that the public private partnership performance is significantly influenced by economic status, affordability, flexibility, consistency, cleanliness, coverage and accessibility, as well as number of waste collection vehicles, vehicle maintenance, capacity, trip rate, frequency, number of personnel and quality of personnel. Findings from this study reveal that Lagos residents have strong positive perception of public private partnership as a waste collection policy framework. The study has important policy and practical implications for urban waste management, public health and sustainability in developing economies. © The Author(s) 2014.	Developing economies; Lagos megacity; Municipal solid waste; Operational quality; Public private partnership; Service reliability; Waste management	Airships; Housing; Regression analysis; Solid wastes; Surveys; Waste management; Developing economies; Megacities; Operational quality; Public private partnerships; Service reliability; Municipal solid waste; economic development; environmental economics; megacity; municipal solid waste; numerical model; perception; performance assessment; policy making; public-private partnership; sustainability; urban development; waste management; Article; domestic waste; municipal solid waste; organization and management; priority journal; public health; public-private partnership; social status; solid waste; solid waste management; city; economics; family size; Nigeria; procedures; regression analysis; socioeconomics; statistics and numerical data; waste disposal; Lagos [Lagos (STT)]; Lagos [Nigeria]; Nigeria; solid waste; Cities; Family Characteristics; Nigeria; Public-Private Sector Partnerships; Refuse Disposal; Regression Analysis; Socioeconomic Factors; Solid Waste	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73449124055	Evaluation of antioxidant activity of leave extract of Bauhinia rufescens Lam. (Caesalpiniaceae)	Aliyu A.B., Ibrahim M.A., Musa A.M., Ibrahim H., Abdulkadir I.E., Oyewale A.O.	2009	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	3	8	None	Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Kwazulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Aliyu, A.B., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ibrahim, M.A., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Musa, A.M., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ibrahim, H., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Kwazulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Abdulkadir, I.E., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Oyewale, A.O., Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Antioxidant evaluation of Bauhinia rufescens used in Northern Nigerian traditional medicine, was carried out using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and reducing power assay on the methanolic extract of the leaves. The results of the DPPH scavenging activity indicate a concentration dependent antioxidant activity with no significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) at 50, 125 and 250 μgml- 1 with those of the standard ascorbic and gallic acids. The total phenolic content was determined and found to be 68.40 ± 0.02 mg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and the reducing power of 0.071 ± 0.03 nm was obtained. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins and saponins whose synergistic effect may be responsible for the strong antioxidant activity. It indicates that the methanolic extract of the leave may have promising antioxidant agents and may also help in the treatment of the diseases caused by free radicals. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Antioxidants; Bauhinia rufescens; DPPH; Free radicals; Reducing power; Total phenolics	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; ascorbic acid; Bauhinia rufescens extract; flavanoid; free radical; gallic acid; methanol; phenol; plant extract; saponin; tannin; triterpene; unclassified drug; antioxidant activity; article; Bauhinia rufescens; concentration response; controlled study; drug screening; medicinal plant; Nigeria; phytochemistry; plant leaf; traditional medicine; Bauhinia rufescens; Caesalpinioideae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920252018	Environmental impact assessment of a new nuclear power plant (NPP) based on atmospheric dispersion modeling	Aliyu A.S., Ramli A.T., Saleh M.A.	2014	Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment	28	7	10.1007/s00477-014-0856-9	Nuclear Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria	Aliyu, A.S., Nuclear Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria; Ramli, A.T., Nuclear Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Saleh, M.A., Nuclear Laboratory, Department of Physics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia	The US Environmental Protection Agency’s short-range atmospheric dispersion model (AERMOD 12345) is a good candidate for radiological dose calculations to the general public and the environment. It advanced capability should provide better confidence in the accuracy of offsite dose and risk assessment. The code has been used to compute the scaling factors for air concentration and ground level deposition of fission products based on routine and hypothetical accident releases from the NPP site in Geregu, Nigeria (7°33′N, 6°41′E). All computations were within the 16 km emergency planing zone of a generic reactor design considered by the study. The scaling factors have been used to assess the potential environmental risk of the NPP using an integrated approach to the assessment and management of environmental risks from ionizing radiation (D-ERICA). Obtained results should provide baseline information for decision making in terms of operation license provision for the pioneer NPP. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	AERMOD; Atmosphere; Environmental risk; ERICA Tool; Nigeria; Nuclear power plant	Atmospheric movements; Decision making; Earth atmosphere; Environmental impact assessments; Environmental Protection Agency; Fission products; Ionizing radiation; Nuclear energy; Nuclear power plants; Nuclear reactor accidents; Risk assessment; Structural design; AERMOD; Air concentrations; Atmospheric dispersion modeling; Environmental risks; Integrated approach; Nigeria; Radiological dose; US Environmental Protection Agency; Environmental impact	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946082092	Evaluation of biofilm formation and chemical sensitivity of salmonella typhimurium on plastic surface	Aliyu S., Rahman N.I.A., Muazu A., Abdullahi U.F., Naim R., Muhammad U., Haque M.	2015	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science	5	10	10.7324/JAPS.2015.501020	Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia; Department of Biology, Kano State University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Kano State, Nigeria	Aliyu, S., Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia; Rahman, N.I.A., Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia; Muazu, A., Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia; Abdullahi, U.F., Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia; Naim, R., Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia; Muhammad, U., Department of Biology, Kano State University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Kano State, Nigeria; Haque, M., Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia	S. typhimurium is an important socioeconomic problem in several countries, mainly in developing countries where it is reported as the main responsible for the food-borne disease outbreaks. A biofilm can be explained as a group of cells, diverse species or mono-species that are fixed to a surface and/or to one another. This study aimed to evaluate the biofilm formation of S. typhimurium on the plastic surface as well as to determine the relationship between contact time and incubation temperature. Crystal violet assay was performed to quantify the biofilm formation with and without treatments based on the value of optical density at 600nm of the destaining crystal violet at different interval of time. The outcomes of the result indicated that, the attachment of bacterial cells to the plastic surfaces increased with the increased contact time and determined by temperature. The values of OD600 at 37 oC for 24, 48 and 72 hours were 0.770, 0.968 and 2.363 respectively. This indicated that, the formation of biofilm by S. typhimurium on plastic surfaces varied with contact time. For the disinfectant treatments, hydrogen peroxide with 91 % sensitivity was the highest in treatment of S. typhimurium cells, followed by the mixture of sodium hypochloride and paracetic acid with 70 %, then paracetic acid with 67 %. Considering this result, S. typhimurium formed a biofilm on the plastic surface, hygienic activities on a plastic surface in food industry during handling, processing, distribution and storage of food should be a concerned and these disinfectants are suggested for the treatment of S. typhimurium. © 2015 Sani Aliyu et al.	Biofilm. S. Typhimurium; Disinfectant; Plastic surface; Treatment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927176457	Empirical assessment of e-learning on performance in principles of economics	Aljamal A., Cader H., Chiemeke C., Speece M.	2015	International Review of Economics Education	18	None	10.1016/j.iree.2015.02.002	Department of Economics, College of Business and Economics, American University of Kuwait, P.O. Box 3323, Safat, Kuwait; Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of Nigeria, Central Business District, No. 33, Tafawa Belewa Way, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria; Depa	Aljamal, A., Department of Economics, College of Business and Economics, American University of Kuwait, P.O. Box 3323, Safat, Kuwait; Cader, H., Department of Economics, College of Business and Economics, American University of Kuwait, P.O. Box 3323, Safat, Kuwait; Chiemeke, C., Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of Nigeria, Central Business District, No. 33, Tafawa Belewa Way, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria; Speece, M., Department of Marketing, College of Business and Economics, American University of Kuwait, P.O. Box 3323, Safat, Kuwait	Abstract This research assessed the effectiveness of online assignments in principles of macroeconomics classes. Students were divided into two groups where the first was required to submit online assignments (treatment) while the other was not (control). Standardized examinations were used as Pretest and Posttest to quantify the online assignments' impact on students' performance. Results showed no significant difference in performance between treatment and control groups. Furthermore, when looking closely at students' performance within the treatment group, results indicate that neither the use of online assignments, nor the degree or intensity of their use tends to have significant impact on students' performance. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	e-Learning; Economic education; Higher education; Online assignments	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901476200	Liminality space in-between: A feminist evaluation of primordial and modern polarities of the woman's journey in the Nigerian novel	Alkali M., Talif R., Yahya W.R.W., Jan J.M.	2014	3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature	20	1	None	Department of English, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Nigeria; Department of English, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Department of English, University of Malaya, Malaysia	Alkali, M., Department of English, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Nigeria; Talif, R., Department of English, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Yahya, W.R.W., Department of English, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Jan, J.M., Department of English, University of Malaya, Malaysia	The option offered by the modern polarity feminist is not with the intent of sounding like magic, but it largely guarantees the disheartened opposite sex to get pretty impressive results with minimal intervention, resulting in relationship satisfaction, intimacy, love, passion, commitment, and trust. In fact, it can boast of decline in marital dissatisfaction as entirely eliminated, although there could be exceptions. This nego-feminist framework is heard throughout the paper interrogating primordialism on womanhood in Nigerian novels into those with opposition motifs to modern streaks which guarantee lively-partnership. The evaluation shows that women generally can reap maximally from the nego-feminist frame.	Feminism; Nego-feminism; Negotiation; Nigerian novel; Nigerian woman	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891351557	Assessing the impacts of livestock production on biodiversity in rangeland ecosystems	Alkemade R., Reid R.S., Van Den Berg M., De Leeuw J., Jeuken M.	2013	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America	110	52	10.1073/pnas.1011013108	PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, 3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands; Center for Collaborative Conservation, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States; International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya	Alkemade, R., PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, 3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands; Reid, R.S., Center for Collaborative Conservation, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States; Van Den Berg, M., PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, 3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands; De Leeuw, J., International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; Jeuken, M., PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, 3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands	Biodiversity in rangelands is decreasing, due to intense utilization for livestock production and conversion of rangeland into cropland; yet the outlook of rangeland biodiversity has not been considered in view of future global demand for food. Here we assess the impact of future livestock production on the global rangelands area and their biodiversity. First we formalized existing knowledge about livestock grazing impacts on biodiversity, expressed in mean species abundance (MSA) of the original rangeland native species assemblages, through metaanalysis of peer-reviewed literature. MSA values, ranging from 1 in natural rangelands to 0.3 in man-made grasslands, were entered in the IMAGE-GLOBIO model. This model was used to assess the impact of change in food demand and livestock production on future rangeland biodiversity. The model revealed remarkable regional variation in impact on rangeland area and MSA between two agricultural production scenarios. The area of used rangelands slightly increases globally between 2000 and 2050 in the baseline scenario and reduces under a scenario of enhanced uptake of resource-efficient production technologies increasing production [high levels of agricultural knowledge, science, and technology (high-AKST)], particularly in Africa. Both scenarios suggest a global decrease in MSA for rangelands until 2050. The contribution of livestock grazing to MSA loss is, however, expected to diminish after 2030, in particular in Africa under the high-AKST scenario. Policies fostering agricultural intensification can reduce the overall pressure on rangeland biodiversity, but additional measures, addressing factors such as climate change and infrastructural development, are necessary to totally halt biodiversity loss.	Dose-response model; Intactness; Land use	article; biodiversity; biome; climate change; cropland; grassland; grazer; grazing; livestock; meta analysis (topic); nonhuman; population abundance; priority journal; rangeland; seasonal variation; species composition; vegetation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960538883	The impact and implementation of national qualifications frameworks: A comparison of 16 countries	Allais S.M.	2011	Journal of Education and Work	24	42433	10.1080/13639080.2011.584685	Education Policy Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Allais, S.M., Education Policy Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	[No abstract available]	Education and labour market; National qualifications frameworks; Outcomes-based qualifications; Policy impact	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548290738	Evaluation and identification of old and new macadamia cultivars and selections at Pietermaritzburg	Allan P.	2007	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	24	2	None	Department of Horticultural Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Allan, P., Department of Horticultural Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209 Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Newer and older cultivars and selections of macadamias have been evaluated at Pietermaritzburg over periods of from five to 35 years. In their sixth year, trees of some of the newer selections have produced good yields of over 10 kg per tree, which is as good as the precocious Beaumont (695) cultivar. Older trees have shown alternation of bearing with low averages, over the past three seasons, of 10 to 20 kg per tree on the marginal soils with close spacing. Kernel quality (kernel percent and % No.1 kernel) is generally better in the newer than the older selections. Selections '783', '842', '887', and 'Daddow' have given best overall quality with hybrids 'A4' and 'A16' giving excellent quality but of very large kernels. All selections should produce better quality under warmer subtropical conditions. Tables of morphological characteristics of typical leave and fruits are presented which enables the identification of the different selections available in South Africa.	Kernel quality; M. integrifolia; M. tetraphylla; Morphology; Yield	cultivar; hybrid; identification method; morphology; selective breeding; tree; yield; Africa; KwaZulu-Natal; Pietermaritzburg; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Macadamia; Macadamia integrifolia; Macadamia tetraphylla	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84960476670	Profile and economic impact of motorcycle injuries treated at a university referral hospital in Kigali, Rwanda	Allen Ingabire J.C., Petroze R.T., Calland F., Okiria J.C., Byiringiro J.C.	2015	Rwanda Medical Journal	72	4	None	Kigali University Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda; University of VirginiaVA, United States; Kampala University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda	Allen Ingabire, J.C., Kigali University Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda, Kampala University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Petroze, R.T., Kigali University Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda, Kampala University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Calland, F., Kigali University Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda, Kampala University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Okiria, J.C., University of VirginiaVA, United States, Kampala University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Byiringiro, J.C., University of VirginiaVA, United States, Kampala University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda	Background: Motorcycle injuries constitute a major public health problem in developing countries, leading to significant disability and straining healthcare resources. We aim to present the basic epidemiology of motorcycle injuries presenting to an urban referral hospital in Rwanda and to evaluate patient outcomes and associated costs arising from injuries sustained on motorcycles. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of motorcycle injury patients presenting to Kigali Teaching University Hospital from January-December, 2011. Patients were identified through review of ward registers and trauma registries and stratified into 3 groups based upon length of stay. A representative sample of 269 patients was randomly selected from each group for financial analysis. Data were collected from patient medical, police, and financial records as well as patient interviews. Cost analysis was based upon the standard road accident cost conceptual framework. Data were collected using Epi data 3.1, Excel and analyzed using SPSS 16. Results: A total of 269 motorcycle accident files were examined. Males were more affected than females with sex ratio F:M;1:6.72.Youths were more involved in motorcycle accident (53.2%) than other age group(16-30 years).The majority of Motorcycles victims were motorcyclists, (30.86%), businessmen (20.45%) and students (11.53%). Motorcycle-vehicle (41.61%) was the first cause of motorcycle injuries then motorcycle-pedestrian (30.86%).Helmet use was 92.75%.Head injuries and fractures were the predominant diagnoses (82.15%).About 46.7% had pre-hospital care. The mean hospital stay was 15.43 days, and 38.3% spent more than 15 days in hospitalization. Permanent disability was confirmed in 11.5% (n=31), and mortality was 10.4% (n=28). The total economic cost was estimated at US$1,236,207.31 with 39.40% (US$487,030.30) due to loss of labor and 21.76% due to direct medical costs (US$269,000.84). Conclusions: Motorcycle injuries create a substantial disability and cost burden in Kigali, Rwanda. Prevention and early treatment should be promoted to decrease the morbidity and financial burden. © 2015, Bioline International. All right reserved.	Accident; Casualty; Helmet; Injury pattern; Management; Motorcycle injuries; Outcome; Prevalence; Related cost; Rwanda	None	None
WoS	WOS:000324601100001	Situational analysis and expert evaluation of the nutrition and health status of infants and young children in five countries in sub-Saharan Africa	Ake-Tano, Odile,Alles, Martine,Diouf, Saliou,Eussen, Simone,Lakati, Alice,Mauras, Celine,Oduwole, Abiola,Tanya, Agatha	2013	FOOD AND NUTRITION BULLETIN	34	3	None	Danone, University of Lagos, University of Yaounde I, AMREF, Inst Pediat Social UCAD	"Alles, Martine: Danone","Eussen, Simone: Danone","Mauras, Celine: Danone","Oduwole, Abiola: University of Lagos","Tanya, Agatha: University of Yaounde I",	Background. The poor feeding practices of pregnant women, infants, and young children contribute to the burden of malnutrition and subsequently to childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Gaining insight into the nutritional and health status of infants and young children will help to focus future nutrition programs and actions. Objective. To assess the nutrition and health status of infants and young children in five sub-Saharan African countries: Ivory Coast, Senegal, Cameroon, Kenya, and Nigeria. Methods. Published and gray literature was critically reviewed and enriched with the views of local experts from academia, hospitals, and institutions to assess infants' and children's diet and health in the five sub-Saharan African countries. Subsequently, the Africa Nutriday Conference was held in Senegal in November 2011 to further discuss key challenges, action plans, and recommendations for future research. Results. This review highlighted the need for education of parents and healthcare professionals in order to increase their knowledge of breastfeeding, vaccination programs, and over- and undernutrition. An integrated health and nutrition surveillance is needed both to identify micronutrient deficiencies and to recognize early signs of overweight. These data will help to adapt nutrition education and food fortification programs to the target populations. Conclusions. Different countries in sub-Saharan Africa face similar nutrition and health issues and are currently not sharing best practices, nutrition programs, and scientific studies optimally. There is a need for closer collaboration among scientists within and between countries.	breastfeeding,CHILDREN,"HEALTH STATUS",INFANTS,NUTRITION,PREGNANCY,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA","FEEDING PRACTICES",INTERVENTIONS,KENYA,OBESITY,POLICIES,"PROGRAMMATIC ACTIVITIES",SAHEL,SENEGAL,UNDERNUTRITION	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876259526	Effects of beak amputation and sex on the pecking rate damage and performance parameters of Turkey	Allinson I.B., Ekunseitan D.A., Ayoola A.A., Iposu S.O., Idowu O.M.O., Ogunade I.M., Osho S.O.	2013	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	16	19	10.3923/pjbs.2013.1022.1027	Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Allinson, I.B., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Ekunseitan, D.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Ayoola, A.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Iposu, S.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Idowu, O.M.O., Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Ogunade, I.M., Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Osho, S.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of sex and beak trimming on pecking and the performance of turkeys. Five hundred and forty unsexed, day old British United Turkey poults were was divided into 3 treatments based on beak trimming at 0, 1/4, 1/3 measured from the tip of the beak inwards with 3 replicates of 60 poults each experiment 1 while 480 turkeys (240 each of male and female) were transferred and allotted to 4 treatment groups of 120 birds each and 4 replicates of 30 turkeys each in experiment 2. Data on performance response and severity of pecking were taken and subjected to one-way analysis of variance in a completely randomised design (experiment 1) and 2x2 factorial layout (factors were sex and beak trimming). Results showed that beak trimming had no significant (p>0.05) effect on all the performance parameters of turkey poults except feed intake while sex and beak trimming had significant (p<0.05) effect on performance indices of turkey. Debeaked male and female recorded higher feed intake, protein intake and feed conversion ratio. There was higher rate of aggressive pecking among the Toms than in the Hens and severity of damage was higher in undebeaked turkeys than the debeaked. Beak trimming can greatly reduce the severity of damage caused by aggressive pecking and should be done twice (6 and 14th week) at 1/4 measured from the tip of the beak. © 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Beak trimming; Pecking rate damage; Performance; Sex; Turkeys	amputation; animal; animal behavior; animal food; article; beak; body weight; eating; feeding behavior; female; male; methodology; physiology; randomization; turkey (bird); Amputation; Animal Feed; Animals; Beak; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Eating; Feeding Behavior; Female; Male; Random Allocation; Turkeys; Aves; Meleagris gallopavo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745149000	Evaluation of the epidemiological relevance of variable-number tandem-repeat genotyping of Mycobacterium bovis and comparison of the method with IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and spoligotyping	Allix C., Walravens K., Saegerman C., Godfroid J., Supply P., Fauville-Dufaux M.	2006	Journal of Clinical Microbiology	44	6	10.1128/JCM.01775-05	Institut Pasteur de Bruxelles, Laboratoire Tuberculose et Mycobactéries, rue Engeland 642, 1180 Bruxelles, Belgium; Centre d'Etude et de Recherches Vétérinaires et Agrochimiques (CERVA-CODA), Section Maladies Bactériennes et Immunologie, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Bruxelles, Belgium; Agence Fédérale pour la Sécurité de la Chaîne Alimentaire, DG Politique de Contrôle, Secrétariat du Comité Scientifique, Avenue Simon Bolivar 30, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium; Institut Pasteur de Lille, Laboratoire des Mécanismes Moléculaires de la Pathogenèse Bactérienne, INSERM U629, 1, rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019 Lille Cedex, France; Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster, 20, B-4000 Liege, Belgium; University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, 0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa	Allix, C., Institut Pasteur de Bruxelles, Laboratoire Tuberculose et Mycobactéries, rue Engeland 642, 1180 Bruxelles, Belgium; Walravens, K., Centre d'Etude et de Recherches Vétérinaires et Agrochimiques (CERVA-CODA), Section Maladies Bactériennes et Immunologie, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Bruxelles, Belgium; Saegerman, C., Agence Fédérale pour la Sécurité de la Chaîne Alimentaire, DG Politique de Contrôle, Secrétariat du Comité Scientifique, Avenue Simon Bolivar 30, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster, 20, B-4000 Liege, Belgium; Godfroid, J., Centre d'Etude et de Recherches Vétérinaires et Agrochimiques (CERVA-CODA), Section Maladies Bactériennes et Immunologie, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Bruxelles, Belgium, University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, 0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa; Supply, P., Institut Pasteur de Lille, Laboratoire des Mécanismes Moléculaires de la Pathogenèse Bactérienne, INSERM U629, 1, rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019 Lille Cedex, France; Fauville-Dufaux, M., Institut Pasteur de Bruxelles, Laboratoire Tuberculose et Mycobactéries, rue Engeland 642, 1180 Bruxelles, Belgium	Sources of Mycobacterium bovis contamination remain unclear for many cases of animal and human disease. A major limitation is the lack of sufficiently informative or epidemiologically well evaluated molecular methods for typing. Here, we report an evaluation of a high-throughput method based on 29 mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) loci to genotype 127 M. bovis isolates from cattle from 77 different Belgian farms, representative of a nationwide collection obtained from 1995 to 2003. MIRU-VNTR stability was demonstrated by analyzing a series of 74 isolates in total, obtained from different animals from a single farm or from different farms with an identified epidemiological link. The genotyping results and the genotypic diversity (h) were compared with those obtained by IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and spoligotyping. Among 68 isolates with no known epidemiological link, MIRU-VNTR typing discriminated better than either RFLP analysis or spoligotyping, with isolates taken individually (32 versus 16 and 17 genotypes; h = 0.91 versus 0.73 and 0.85, respectively) or in combination (32 versus 28 genotypes; h = 0.91 versus 0.92). Maximal resolution was already achieved with a subset of 9 loci. The observed congruence of the genetic relationships based on IS6110 RFLP analysis, spoligotyping, and MIRU-VNTR markers is consistent with a clonal population structure of M. bovis. These results support MIRU-VNTR typing as a convenient and discriminatory technique for analysis of the population structure of M. bovis in much greater detail and for addressing some still unresolved issues in the epidemiology of the pathogen. Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	article; bacterium identification; bacterium isolate; Belgium; cattle; cattle disease; cattle farming; clonal variation; epidemiology; gene locus; genetic variability; genotype; high throughput screening; intermethod comparison; interspersed repeat; molecular phylogeny; mycobacterial interspersed repeat; Mycobacterium bovis; nonhuman; population structure; priority journal; restriction fragment length polymorphism; spoligotyping; variable number of tandem repeat; Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Belgium; Cattle; DNA Transposable Elements; Genotype; Minisatellite Repeats; Mycobacterium bovis; Oligonucleotides; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Tuberculosis, Bovine; Animalia; Bos taurus; Mycobacterium bovis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930412536	What else is in your supplement? A review of the effectiveness of the supportive ingredients in multi-ingredient performance supplements to improve strength, power, and recovery	Allman B.R., Kreipke V.C., Ormsbee M.J.	2015	Strength and Conditioning Journal	37	3	10.1519/SSC.0000000000000142	Department of Nutrition, Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States; Discipline of Biokinetics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Allman, B.R., Department of Nutrition, Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States; Kreipke, V.C., Department of Nutrition, Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States; Ormsbee, M.J., Department of Nutrition, Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States, Discipline of Biokinetics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	This review summarizes the empirical research of the effectiveness, safety, and dosages of the lesser-known, but commonly added, supportive ingredients in multi-ingredient performance supplements (MIPS). primary ingredients that are well known and previously reviewed (I.E., caffeine, creatine, beta-alanine) are excluded from this review. the improvements reported are commonly mediated by secondary mechanisms such as improved blood flow, protein balance, metabolism, and antioxidant status. overwhelming evidence exists suggesting that the supportive ingredients in MIPS are safe to use; however, the amount present in most MIPS is likely too small to elicit strength, power, or recovery responses. © 2015 National Strength and Conditioning Association.	betaine; Carnitine; glucuronolactone; nitrates; performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84951192233	Development and evaluation of an integrated electronic data management system in a South African metropolitan critical care service	Allorto N.L., Wise R.D.	2015	Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia	21	6	10.1080/22201181.2015.1115607	Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Department of Surgery, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Pietermaritzburg Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Perioperative Research Group, Discipline of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Perioperative Research Group, Discipline of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Allorto, N.L., Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Department of Surgery, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, Perioperative Research Group, Discipline of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Wise, R.D., Pietermaritzburg Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, Perioperative Research Group, Discipline of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Introduction: The importance of accurate healthcare data is vital when approaching current healthcare challenges, but is difficult to collect in busy, under-resourced environments. It was aimed to develop and implement an information system that is costeffective, easy and practical for data collection. A clinically integrated data collection system that demonstrates how to achieve this in a resource-poor setting is described. Methods: A database was developed using customisable software to provide a robust relational database and clinically practical solution to data collection. The system was examined for data completeness through a field audit of referral records for evaluation of the reviewed system. Discussion: The database system has been incorporated into the daily flow of clinical work, thus reducing duplication of note keeping and avoiding the need for data capturers. After improving the design and user interface, better compliance was noted. This provided useful insight into critical care database development. Conclusion: This project has demonstrated successful development and implementation of a hybrid electronic medical record and registry for a critical care metropolitan service. It has provided a practical information system allowing for the development of local critical care services with the ability for quality improvement, aggregate reporting for systems planning, and research. © 2015 The Author(s)	Critical care; Database; Developing country; ICU; Registry	chemical binding; electronic medical record; human; information processing; intensive care; patient referral; register; total quality management	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34347353294	The impact of heavy grazing on an ephemeral river system in the succulent karoo, South Africa	Allsopp N., Gaika L., Knight R., Monakisi C., Hoffman M.T.	2007	Journal of Arid Environments	71	1	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.03.001	ARC-LBD: Range and Forage Unit, Private Bag X17 Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Lesley Hill Institute of Plant Conservation, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa	Allsopp, N., ARC-LBD: Range and Forage Unit, Private Bag X17 Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Gaika, L., Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Knight, R., Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Monakisi, C., Lesley Hill Institute of Plant Conservation, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa; Hoffman, M.T., Lesley Hill Institute of Plant Conservation, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa	The impact of long-term high grazing pressure on geomorphological features, plant community composition and cover and soil characteristics of an ephemeral river system in Namaqualand, South Africa, was compared to that of lighter grazing pressure across fencelines which crossed the river system. Under heavy grazing the river system was less braided and a higher proportion of the river width was unvegetated runoff channels. The river system was generally dominated by very sandy soil. However, more silt and organic matter, and less sand were found in soil under plants growing in the river bed. Since vegetation cover was much higher under light grazing, river soil was more fertile when grazing was light. A plant species compositional shift when grazing pressure was high resulted in riparian vegetation which more closely resembled the surrounding rangelands. Graminoid growth forms were encountered more frequently in the lightly grazed river. A rest from grazing of 33 months resulted in increased plant cover in another section of the river system. Heavy grazing alters the physical and soil features of this river system by reducing plant cover. Riparian vegetation, by slowing flow rates and catching light soil particles increases landscape heterogeneity and creates productive sites in the landscape. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Animal-plant interactions; Landscape patches; Livestock impacts; Namaqualand; Resource control; Riparian vegetation	community composition; ephemeral pool; grazing pressure; Karoo Supergroup; landscape; livestock; plant community; plant-herbivore interaction; riparian vegetation; river system; sedge; vegetation cover; Africa; Namaqualand; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-50649087055	The impact of closed-loop power flow control strategies on power system stability characteristics in a single generator system	Ally A., Rigby B.S.	2006	SAIEE Africa Research Journal	97	1	None	School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa	Ally, A., School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; Rigby, B.S., School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa	This paper presents a theoretical study into the influence of closed-loop control of ac power flow on the small signal and transient stability characteristics of a single-generator study system. Both the constant power and constant angle modes of power flow control are examined for a range of controller response times. The results indicate that the effect of a power flow controller on system stability is dependent on both the mode of the controller and its response time. Copyright © 2004 IEEE.	Power flow control; Small-signal stability; Thyristor controlled series capacitor; Transient stability	AC power flow; Closed-loop; Closed-loop control; Constant power; Generator systems; Power flow controllers; Power flow controls; Power system stability; Response time; Small signal; Small signal stability; Theoretical study; Thyristor controlled series capacitor; Transient stability; Capacitance; Capacitors; Closed loop control systems; Control system stability; Controllers; Electric switchgear; Flow control; Heterojunction bipolar transistors; Response time (computer systems); Thyristors; System stability	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944311449	The Grand Popo beach 2013 experiment, Benin, West Africa: From short timescale processes to their integrated impact over long-term coastal evolution	Almar R., Hounkonnou N., Anthony E.J., Castelle B., Senechal N., Laibi R., Mensah-Senoo T., Degbe G., Quenum M., Dorel M., Chuchla R., Lefebvre J.-P., Penhoat Y.D., Laryea W.S., Zodehougan G., Sohou Z., Addo K.A., Ibaceta R., Kestenare E.	2014	Journal of Coastal Research	70	None	10.2112/SI70-110.1	IRD-LEGOS, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS/CNES/IRD, Toulouse, France; University of Abomey-Calavi, ICMPA-UNESCO Dept. International Dept. in Mathematical Physics and Applications, Cotonou, Benin; Aix-Marseille Université, IUF, CEREGE, UMR, 34 Europole de l'Arbois, Aix en Provence Cedex 04, France; EPOC Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Talence, France; Université Abomey Calavi, Département des Sciences de la Terre, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Cotonou, Benin; University of Ghana, Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, Accra, Ghana; IRHOB Cotonou, Benin; Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaíso, Chile	Almar, R., IRD-LEGOS, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS/CNES/IRD, Toulouse, France; Hounkonnou, N., University of Abomey-Calavi, ICMPA-UNESCO Dept. International Dept. in Mathematical Physics and Applications, Cotonou, Benin; Anthony, E.J., Aix-Marseille Université, IUF, CEREGE, UMR, 34 Europole de l'Arbois, Aix en Provence Cedex 04, France; Castelle, B., EPOC Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Talence, France; Senechal, N., EPOC Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Talence, France; Laibi, R., Université Abomey Calavi, Département des Sciences de la Terre, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Cotonou, Benin; Mensah-Senoo, T., University of Ghana, Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, Accra, Ghana; Degbe, G., IRHOB Cotonou, Benin; Quenum, M., University of Abomey-Calavi, ICMPA-UNESCO Dept. International Dept. in Mathematical Physics and Applications, Cotonou, Benin; Dorel, M., IRD-LEGOS, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS/CNES/IRD, Toulouse, France; Chuchla, R., IRD-LEGOS, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS/CNES/IRD, Toulouse, France; Lefebvre, J.-P., IRD-LEGOS, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS/CNES/IRD, Toulouse, France; Penhoat, Y.D., IRD-LEGOS, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS/CNES/IRD, Toulouse, France; Laryea, W.S., University of Ghana, Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, Accra, Ghana; Zodehougan, G., IRD-LEGOS, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS/CNES/IRD, Toulouse, France; Sohou, Z., IRHOB Cotonou, Benin; Addo, K.A., University of Ghana, Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, Accra, Ghana; Ibaceta, R., IRD-LEGOS, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS/CNES/IRD, Toulouse, France, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaíso, Chile; Kestenare, E., IRD-LEGOS, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS/CNES/IRD, Toulouse, France	The first large nearshore field experiment in the Gulf of Guinea was conducted at Grand Popo Beach, Benin, in February 2013, on an open wave-dominated micro- to meso-tidal coast, located mid-way between Cotonou and Lome harbours. The overall project aims at understanding at multi-scale (from event to interannual) the causes of the dramatic erosion observed throughout the Bight of Benin, and caused by the interaction of a large littoral drift with human engineering works. Grand Popo 2013 experiment was designed to measure the processes over the short term and to test the ability of an installed video system to monitor the evolution of this stretch of coast over the longer term. The beach, characterized by a low-tide terrace and a high tide reflective part, experiences a long swell (Hs=1.6 m, Tp=16 s, oblique incidence ∼15-20°). Topographic surveys showed a double beach cusp system interaction and repeated surf-zone drifter runs revealed high flash and swash rip activity driven by wave dissipation over the terrace and energetic swash dynamics at the upper reflective beach. Swash was measured over a cusp system at two locations using video poles. Wave reanalyses (ERAInterim) were used to determine the wave climate and its variability, and to quantify sediment transport. This robust methodology is thought to be replicated elsewhere in different coastal environments in West Africa, in particular with the objective to monitor various sites within the framework of the new West African Coastal Observatory. © Coastal Education & Research Foundation 2014.	beach cusps; energetic swash; erosion; Gulf of Guinea; littoral drift; long swell; low-tide terrace; micro-meso tidal environment; wave reflection	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746263672	The effect of supplementation on productive performance of Boer goat bucks fed winter veld hay	Almeida A.M., Schwalbach L.M., Waal H.O.D., Greyling J.P.C., Cardoso L.A.	2006	Tropical Animal Health and Production	38	5	10.1007/s11250-006-4368-6	IICT, Lisbon, Portugal; Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Almeida, A.M., IICT, Lisbon, Portugal; Schwalbach, L.M., Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Waal, H.O.D., Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Greyling, J.P.C., Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Cardoso, L.A., IICT, Lisbon, Portugal	Fifteen Boer goat bucks, (6-8 months old), were allocated into two groups and fed ad libitum for a period of 29 days. The WH group (winter hay; n = 8) received a chopped diet consisting of grass hay, predominantly Themeda trianda grass (cut during the winter) from a natural pasture (veld). The WH+S group (winter hay plus supplement; n = 7) received a chopped diet consisting of Themeda trianda veld hay, supplemented with maize meal, molasses meal and urea. Body weights and feed consumption were recorded. Animals were slaughtered and carcass characteristics (weight and percentages of selected carcass cuts) and the carcass chemical composition were determined. The WH+S animals showed a higher live weight and cumulated feed intake. Carcass cuts from WH animals represented a higher percentage of the total carcass, especially cuts where muscle depots are higher (legs, best end chops and prime cuts). There is an attempt by non-supplemented animals to preserve the body's nitrogen reserves under prolonged nutritional stress conditions, and there is consequently a necessity to supplement feeding of small ruminants fed winter veld hay, especially if the animals are to be used in subsequent breeding seasons. © Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2006.	Boer goat; Carcass; Growth; Supplementation; Winter veld hay	animal; animal food; animal welfare; article; breeding; goat; growth, development and aging; male; methodology; nutritional requirement; physiology; randomization; reproduction; season; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animal Welfare; Animals; Breeding; Goats; Male; Nutritional Requirements; Random Allocation; Reproduction; Seasons; Weight Gain; Animalia; Bovidae; Capra hircus; Themeda; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23044449510	The ultrastructure of the peri-articular osteophytes - An evaluation by scanning electron microscopy	Alonge T.O., Rooney P., Oni O.O.A.	2005	West African Journal of Medicine	24	2	None	Department of Orthopaedics, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Trauma and Pathological Sciences, University Of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; University Department of Orthopaedics, The Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, Unite	Alonge, T.O., Department of Orthopaedics, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Rooney, P., Department of Trauma and Pathological Sciences, University Of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Oni, O.O.A., University Department of Orthopaedics, The Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom	Objective: Osteophytes are intra-articular osteochondral tissues, which are usually found at the margins of degenerating synovial joints. The aetiology or pathogenesis of this tissue has been a subject of protracted debate. The aim of this study was to offer a possible aetiology and or pathogenesis of this expendable yet important osteochondral tissue using the scanning electron microscopy to evaluate the structure of the cartilage mantle of osteophytes and the relationship of this mantle with that of the adjoining normal articular cartilage. Methods: Sections of periarticular osteophytes and osteophyte-normal articular cartilage composite tissues were obtained during total knee replacement for osteoarthritis (OA). These sections were routinely processed and examined using the scanning electron microscope with emphasis on the osteophytic cartilage mantle and the merger of the osteophyte and the adjoining normal articular cartilage. Results: The cartilage mantle of osteophytes was found to be thinner but continuous with that of the adjoining normal articular cartilage. However, a longitudinal bar of acellular tissue was found to separate the subchondral bones of both tissues. The cellular (chondrocyte) arrangement in the osteophytic cartilage was similar to that of the adjoining normal articular cartilage. In addition, in the superficial layer, there was looping of collagen fibres between the normal articular cartilage mantle and that of the osteophytic tissues. Conclusion: The continuity between the cartilage mantle of osteophytes and the adjoining normal articular cartilage may suggest that in the formation of osteophytes, the chondrocytes from the adjoining normal articular cartilage greatly influence the mesenchymal tissue precursor of osteophyte to differentiate along a chondrocytic pathway initially. With subsequent vascular invasion probably from the periosteum, the neocartilage develops a bony core with a completely separate blood supply from that of the adjoining subchondral bone.	Cartilage mantle; Critical point drying scanning electron microscope; Osteoarthritis; Osteophyte	collagen; article; articular cartilage; cell differentiation; cell proliferation; cell structure; controlled study; histopathology; human; human cell; knee osteoarthritis; osteophyte; pathophysiology; scanning electron microscopy; synovium; total knee replacement; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Cartilage, Articular; Chondrocytes; Femur Head; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Osteoarthritis, Knee	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878793540	Disability Mediates the Impact of Common Conditions on Perceived Health	Alonso J., Vilagut G., Adroher N.D., Chatterji S., He Y., Andrade L.H., Bromet E., Bruffaerts R., Fayyad J., Florescu S., de Girolamo G., Gureje O., Haro J.M., Hinkov H., Hu C., Iwata N., Lee S., Levinson D., Lépine J.P., Matschinger H., Medina-Mora M.E.,	2013	PLoS ONE	8	6	10.1371/journal.pone.0065858	IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Shangai Mental Health Center,	Alonso, J., IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain; Vilagut, G., IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain; Adroher, N.D., IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain; Chatterji, S., World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; He, Y., Shangai Mental Health Center, Shangai, China; Andrade, L.H., Institute of Psychiatry University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Bromet, E., State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, United States; Bruffaerts, R., Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Fayyad, J., Institute for Development Research, Advocacy, and Applied Care, Beirut, Lebanon, St. George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Florescu, S., National School of Public Health Management and Professional Development, Bucharest, Romania; de Girolamo, G., IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Gureje, O., University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Haro, J.M., Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Hinkov, H., National Center for Public Health Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria; Hu, C., Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health and Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Guangdong Province, China; Iwata, N., Hiroshima International University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan; Lee, S., The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Levinson, D., Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel; Lépine, J.P., Hôpital Saint-Louis Lariboisière Fernand Widal, Paris, France; Matschinger, H., Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Medina-Mora, M.E., Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico; O'Neill, S., University of Ulster, Londonderry, United Kingdom; Hormel, J., University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Posada-Villa, J.A., Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota D.C, Colombia; Ismet Taib, N., Mental Health Center-Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; Xavier, M., Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Kessler, R.C., Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States	Background:We examined the extent to which disability mediates the observed associations of common mental and physical conditions with perceived health.Methods and Findings:WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys carried out in 22 countries worldwide (n = 51,344 respondents, 72.0% response rate). We assessed nine common mental conditions with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), and ten chronic physical with a checklist. A visual analog scale (VAS) score (0, worst to 100, best) measured perceived health in the previous 30 days. Disability was assessed using a modified WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS), including: cognition, mobility, self-care, getting along, role functioning (life activities), family burden, stigma, and discrimination. Path analysis was used to estimate total effects of conditions on perceived health VAS and their separate direct and indirect (through the WHODAS dimensions) effects.Twelve-month prevalence was 14.4% for any mental and 51.4% for any physical condition. 31.7% of respondents reported difficulties in role functioning, 11.4% in mobility, 8.3% in stigma, 8.1% in family burden and 6.9% in cognition. Other difficulties were much less common. Mean VAS score was 81.0 (SD = 0.1). Decrements in VAS scores were highest for neurological conditions (9.8), depression (8.2) and bipolar disorder (8.1). Across conditions, 36.8% (IQR: 31.2-51.5%) of the total decrement in perceived health associated with the condition were mediated by WHODAS disabilities (significant for 17 of 19 conditions). Role functioning was the dominant mediator for both mental and physical conditions. Stigma and family burden were also important mediators for mental conditions, and mobility for physical conditions.Conclusions:More than a third of the decrement in perceived health associated with common conditions is mediated by disability. Although the decrement is similar for physical and mental conditions, the pattern of mediation is different. Research is needed on the benefits for perceived health of targeted interventions aimed at particular disability dimensions. © 2013 Alonso et al.	None	adult; article; attitude to health; bipolar disorder; cognition; Composite International Diagnostic Interview; daily life activity; depression; disability; family burden; family life; female; human; male; mental disease; movement (physiology); named inventories, questionnaires and rating scales; neurologic disease; physical disease; prevalence; role functioning; self care; social discrimination; stigma; visual analog scale; world health organization; World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule; adolescent; aged; clinical trial; disabled person; health survey; mental disease; middle aged; multicenter study; psychology; quality of life; self evaluation; statistics and numerical data; very elderly; Activities of Daily Living; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Disabled Persons; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Self Care; Self-Assessment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952298490	Forecasting performance of an estimated DSGE model for the South African economy	Alpanda S., Kotzé K., Woglom G.	2011	South African Journal of Economics	79	1	10.1111/j.1813-6982.2011.01260.x	Department of Economics, Amherst College, United States; School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Alpanda, S., Department of Economics, Amherst College, United States; Kotzé, K., School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Woglom, G., Department of Economics, Amherst College, United States	We construct a small open-economy New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model for South Africa with nominal rigidities, incomplete international risk sharing and partial exchange rate pass-through. The parameters of the model are estimated using Bayesian methods, and its out-of-sample forecasting performance is compared with Bayesian vector autoregression (VAR), classical VAR and random-walk models. Our results indicate that the DSGE model generates forecasts that are competitive with those from other models, and it contributes statistically significant information to combined forecast measures. © 2011 Economic Society of South Africa.	Bayesian estimation; Forecasting; open-economy DSGE model	Bayesian analysis; computer simulation; economic analysis; estimation method; exchange rate; forecasting method; general equilibrium analysis; inflation; interest rate; Keynesian theory; macroeconomics; numerical model; parameterization; performance assessment; stochasticity; vector autoregression; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943411814	Global Libraries impact planning and assessment progress	Al U., Andrade Blanco P., Chiranov M., Cruz Silva L.M., Devetakova L.N., Dewata Y., Dryžaite I., Farquharson F., Kochanowicz M., Liubyva T., López Naranjo A., Phan Q.T., Ralebipi-Simela R., Soydal I., Streatfield D., Taolo R., Trần T.T.T., Tkachuk Y.	2015	Performance Measurement and Metrics	16	2	10.1108/PMM-05-2015-0015	Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of the National System of Public Libraries and the BiblioRedes Program, Santiago, Chile; MC Performance Management, Bucharest, Romania; National Library of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Quantitative Research Department, Ipsos, Sofia, Bulgaria; Perpuseru Program, Jakarta, Indonesia; Libraries for Innovation 2 Project, Vilnius, Lithuania; National Library of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Formerly Information Society Development Foundation, Warsaw, Poland; IREX, Kiev, Ukraine; Public Libraries Project, Bogotá, Colombia; Project of Improvement of computer usage and internet access ability in Viet Nam, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Department of information Management, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Information Management Associates, Twickenham, United Kingdom; Gaborone, Botswana; BMGF-VN, Hanoi, Viet Nam	Al, U., Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Andrade Blanco, P., Department of the National System of Public Libraries and the BiblioRedes Program, Santiago, Chile; Chiranov, M., MC Performance Management, Bucharest, Romania; Cruz Silva, L.M., National Library of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Devetakova, L.N., Quantitative Research Department, Ipsos, Sofia, Bulgaria; Dewata, Y., Perpuseru Program, Jakarta, Indonesia; Dryžaite, I., Libraries for Innovation 2 Project, Vilnius, Lithuania; Farquharson, F., National Library of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Kochanowicz, M., Formerly Information Society Development Foundation, Warsaw, Poland; Liubyva, T., IREX, Kiev, Ukraine; López Naranjo, A., Public Libraries Project, Bogotá, Colombia; Phan, Q.T., Project of Improvement of computer usage and internet access ability in Viet Nam, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Ralebipi-Simela, R., National Library of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Soydal, I., Department of information Management, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Streatfield, D., Information Management Associates, Twickenham, United Kingdom; Taolo, R., Gaborone, Botswana; Trần, T.T.T., BMGF-VN, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Tkachuk, Y., IREX, Kiev, Ukraine	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on performance measurement and impact assessment progress made in 14 countries as part of the Global Libraries initiative, starting with the early country grants in Mexico and Chile. For the mature grants in Bulgaria, Botswana, Poland, Romania, Ukraine and Viet Nam which were recently completed or are approaching completion, the nature of the country program is outlined, before the impact assessment work is described and some recent results and conclusions are reported. A similar approach is adopted with pilot and new grants in Colombia, Indonesia, South Africa, Turkey and Lithuania. Design/methodology/approach – The country reports are presented as a series of case studies, in some cases supplementing those in an earlier special issue of this journal. Findings – Where appropriate, recent country-specific survey findings are reported. Practical implications – This paper shares Global Libraries IPA learning at country level with people in other countries who may be contemplating public library evaluation at regional, national or local level or who are interested in performance measurement and impact evaluation. Originality/value – These cases studies reflect concentrated impact assessment and performance measurement work at country level across a range of countries over more than 12 years. © 2015, Authors. Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Global libraries initiative; Impact assessment; Performance measurement; Public libraries	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746092916	Categorical imperatives for alleviating the problems militating against organizational performance in Nigeria	Aluko M.A.O.	2006	European Journal of Scientific Research	13	4	None	Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Aluko, M.A.O., Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	This study examined the problems militating against organizational performance in Nigeria and then proceeded by suggesting the necessary categorical imperatives for alleviating the identified problems. Data were collected using both qualitative and quantitative methods. In all, 630 respondents who were selected via multiple sampling techniques were used for the study. The data were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric statistics. The findings reveal that the problems' militating against organizational performance is multidimensional and comprises of economic, technological, political, social and management issues. On the basis of these findings, the paper made some categorical imperatives, which will be of immense benefits in the area of policy formulation in the quest to alleviate these problems so that organizations can contribute their quota to national development. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2006.	Capacity utilization; Collectivistic; Downsizing; Industrializing; Liberalization; Materialistic	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890819358	Evaluation of food safety and sanitary practices among food vendors at car parks in Ile Ife, southwestern Nigeria	Aluko O.O., Ojeremi T.T., Olaleke D.A., Ajidagba E.B.	2014	Food Control	40	1	10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.11.049	Department of Community Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria	Aluko, O.O., Department of Community Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; Ojeremi, T.T., Department of Community Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; Olaleke, D.A., Department of Community Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; Ajidagba, E.B., Department of Community Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria	Globally, the street food business has expanded rapidly and provides access to a diversity of inexpensive, ready-to-eat variety of food for customers. Street Food vendors (SFVs) operate where numerous customers exist and their operations are poorly regulated in Nigeria. Globally, SFVs were implicated in several outbreaks of foodborne diseases. This study therefore evaluates the behavioural characteristics and hygiene practices of SFVs in car parks in Ile Ife, southwestern Nigeria.The study was cross sectional in design and utilized interviewer-administered questionnaire on 160 randomly selected SFVs, targeting demography, food and personal hygiene practices and knowledge of foodborne diseases.Most respondents were <40 years (134, 83.7%); females (147, 91.9%); married (125, 78.1%); had at least secondary education (144, 90%); and vend whole meals (151, 94.3%), respectively. In addition, only 27 (16.9%) '. always' wash hands after using the toilet; 100 (62.5%) '. rarely' keep finger nails short while only 6 (3.8%) SFVs '. always' refrigerate leftover cooked food, though experiences power outages that compromise refrigeration temperatures. About 2/3 (61.9%) of the SFVs had no formal training and their medical status is unknown. Hence, inception and refreshers trainings should be mandatory and enforced by appropriate authorities. In addition, supportive monitoring, supervision, among others are necessary to promote compliance. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Car parks; Food safety and hygiene; Personal hygiene and environmental hygiene; Street food vendors	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879403002	Evaluation of leachate treatment by trickling filter and sequencing batch reactor processes in Ibadan, Nigeria	Aluko O.O., Sridhar M.K.C.	2013	Waste Management and Research	31	7	10.1177/0734242X13485867	Department of Community Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, 234036, Nigeria; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Aluko, O.O., Department of Community Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, 234036, Nigeria; Sridhar, M.K.C., Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Strong and highly polluting leachate is continuously discharged into Omi stream and its tributaries in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria, from a municipal solid waste landfill. Previous studies have targeted physical and chemical treatment methods, which could not be implemented on site as stand-alone treatment systems. This study explored the bench-scale, trickling filter (TF) and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treatment processes and assessed the quality of effluents produced. Leachate treatment using TF produced effluents with significant reductions (%) in suspended solids (SS) (73.17%), turbidity (71.96%), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) (76.69%) and ammonia (NH3) (59.50%), while SBR produced effluents with reductions in SS (62.28%), BOD5 (84.06%) and NH3 (64.83%). The dissolved oxygen of the reactors was 4.7 and 6.1mg/l, respectively, in TF and SBR. Also, NH3 values reduced marginally; however, nitrification took place significantly, but within permissible limits. The effluents produced by biological treatment processes were better in quality though the mean residual concentrations for colour, SS and dissolved solids; BOD5 and iron were above the national regulatory standards for discharge into surface water bodies. SBR gave a better effluent quality and should be combined with other treatment methods in sequence to produce quality effluents. © The Author(s) 2013.	aerobic treatment; environmental pollution; Landfill leachates; Nigeria; sequencing batch reactor; trickling filter	Aerobic treatment; Environmental pollutions; Landfill leachates; Nigeria; Sequencing batch reactors; Trickling filter; Biochemical oxygen demand; Filters (for fluids); Surface waters; Turbidity; Water quality; Leachate treatment; dissolved oxygen; surface water; bioreactor; effluent; filter; landfill; leachate; municipal solid waste; oxic conditions; physicochemical property; standard (regulation); activated sludge; article; biochemical oxygen demand; chemical composition; effluent; evaluation; landfill; leaching; municipal solid waste; Nigeria; pollution; priority journal; sampling; sequencing batch reactor; suspended particulate matter; trickling filter; aerobic treatment; environmental pollution; Landfill leachates; Nigeria; sequencing batch reactor; trickling filter; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Nigeria; Temperature; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Ibadan; Nigeria; Oyo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891888557	Evaluation of effluents from bench-scale treatment combinations for landfill leachate in Ibadan, Nigeria	Aluko O.O., Sridhar M.	2014	Waste Management and Research	32	1	10.1177/0734242X13514624	Department of Community Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, 234036, Nigeria; University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Aluko, O.O., Department of Community Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, 234036, Nigeria; Sridhar, M., University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The removal of pollutants in landfill leachate was investigated using constructed wetlands, a trickling filter, alum flocculation and coagulation, and a sequencing batch reactor in various combinations. Thirteen combined operations were investigated involving three out of the four unit treatment methods in series. The study was conducted because unit operations, though achieved reductions in pollutants concentrations had effluent values above the national regulatory guideline values. The suspended solids of effluents were permissible in most treatment processes, while reductions in 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia (NH3) of leachates ranged from 80% to 97%; 86% to 97% and 92% to 98% respectively. However, there were significant increases in nitrate (85%) and dissolved oxygen of treatment (218%). In addition, the characteristics of the recommended treatment sequence, involving constructed wetlands, alum and trickling filter produced effluents with reductions in colour (97%), alkalinity (97%), BOD (97%), COD (97%) and NH3 (98%), and in metals, except nickel (29% reduction from the influent values). The recommended treatment combination is suitable for effective leachate management at the landfill. The cost of constructing and operating the recommended treatment combination at the facility, for 5 years, would be NGN6,009,750.00 ($38,036.39). The performance should be monitored on site prior to full adoption if effluent characteristics remain consistently low over dry and wet seasons. © The Author(s) 2013.	combined treatment methods; discharge regulatory standards; effluent quality; Landfill leachate; Nigeria	Combined treatment; Effluent quality; Landfill leachates; Nigeria; Regulatory standards; Biochemical oxygen demand; Filters (for fluids); Pollution; Water quality; Wetlands; Leachate treatment; ammonia; dissolved oxygen; ground water; nickel; nitrate; biochemical oxygen demand; chemical oxygen demand; coagulation; constructed wetland; cost-benefit analysis; dissolved oxygen; effluent; flocculation; landfill; leachate; monitoring; nitrogen compound; pollutant removal; waste treatment; alkalinity; article; bioaccumulation; biochemical oxygen demand; chemical oxygen demand; constructed wetland; effluent; Ipomoea aquatica; landfill leachate; Nigeria; nonhuman; priority journal; sequencing batch reactor; suspended particulate matter; trickling filter; waste component removal; water contamination; Ibadan; Nigeria; Oyo; combined treatment methods; discharge regulatory standards; effluent quality; Landfill leachate; Nigeria; Ammonia; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; Bioreactors; Nigeria; Nitrates; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollution; Water Purification; Wetlands	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878998712	The impact of an advanced certificate in education (ACE) program on the professional practice of graduates	Aluko R.	2009	International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning	10	4	None	University of Pretoria, South Africa	Aluko, R., University of Pretoria, South Africa	This paper examines the impact of a distance education program offered by the university of pretoria, south africa, on the professional practice of teachers. a pilot study was conducted using a combination of surveys and focus group interviews. findings reveal that the program was beneficial to graduates" personal development, professional practice, schools, learners, and colleagues. further, principals who participated in the study attested to the differences they observed between the graduates and other teachers who had not been exposed to such a program. suggestions for improvements included the introduction of subjects taught at school as areas of specialization, involvement of school principals in the assessment of enrolled students, visits to schools by the organizers, and exposure of students to the practical opportunities offered by the program (with portfolios that could be a part of the assessment).	Distance Education; Formative evaluation; Impact analysis; Program evaluation; Summative evaluation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879275072	Effect of nutrase xyla® supplementation on growth performance of grower pigs fed low or high fibre diets	Alu S.E., Oluremi O.I.A., Kaankuka F.G.	2012	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	11	11	None	Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia Campus, Keffi, P.M.B. 135, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nige	Alu, S.E., Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Shabu-Lafia Campus, Keffi, P.M.B. 135, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Oluremi, O.I.A., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Kaankuka, F.G., Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, P.M.B. 2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	A 49-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of fibre and Nutrase xyla® enzyme supplementation on the growth performance of grower pigs. Sixteen Landrace x Large white cross bred pigs were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with 2 enzyme levels (0 and 100 ppm) and two dietary fibre levels (10 and 15%). Sixteen weaned crosses of Landrace x Large white piglets were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement having 2 enzyme levels (0 and 100 ppm) and 2 dietary fibre levels (10 and 15%). Four isonitrogenous (18% CP) experimental diets with marginal variation in caloric content tagged T1, T2, T3 and T4 were compounded. Treatments 1 and 2 contained 10% crude fibre level (low fibre), while treatments 3 and 4 contained about 15% crude fiber levels (high fibre). Treatments 1 and 3 served as the control diets for treatments 2 and 4, respectively. Performance data such as feed intake, initial weight and final weight were recorded and used to calculate weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, feed cost/kg and feed cost/unit weight gain. There were no significant (p>0.05) effects of dietary fibre levels and enzyme supplementation or their interactive effects on average daily feed intake, feed: gain ratio, protein efficiency ratio and feed cost per unit weight gain. The economic analyses revealed that the use of Nutrase xyla® at 100ppm in these diets resulted in increased feed cost but higher level of dietary fibre reduced the cost of feed. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	Fibre; Grower pigs; Nutrase xyla®; Rice offal	enzyme; nutrase xyla; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal food; article; caloric intake; controlled study; cost; diet; diet supplementation; economic evaluation; feed converion ratio; fiber; food composition; growth rate; high fiber diet; low fiber diet; nonhuman; nutritional parameters; piglet; protein efficiency ratio; swine; test meal; weight gain; Pieris brassicae; Suidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80155182064	Comparison of permeable friction course mixtures fabricated using asphalt rubber and performance-grade asphalt binders	Alvarez A.E., Fernandez E.M., Epps Martin A., Reyes O.J., Simate G.S., Walubita L.F.	2012	Construction and Building Materials	28	1	10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.08.085	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia; Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States; Department of Civil Engineering, Nueva Granada Military University, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; TTI, Texas A and M University System, College Station, TX 77843, United States	Alvarez, A.E., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia; Fernandez, E.M., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia; Epps Martin, A., Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States; Reyes, O.J., Department of Civil Engineering, Nueva Granada Military University, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Simate, G.S., Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Walubita, L.F., TTI, Texas A and M University System, College Station, TX 77843, United States	Permeable friction course mixtures (PFC) are special hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures that are designed to improve motorist safety and reduce traffic noise (i.e., tire-pavement noise). In terms of pavement structural design and construction, PFC mixtures are typically used as the surfacing course layer where in addition to improving the skid resistance, also serve as the surface drainage layer. This paper compares PFC mixtures designed and fabricated using performance grade (PG) and asphalt rubber (AR) asphalt-binders (or asphalts). The experimental design included assessment of total air voids (AV) content, durability, drainability, stone-on-stone contact, and internal structure of the PFC mixtures fabricated using both AR and PG asphalts; denoted herein as AR-PFC and PG-PFC mixtures, respectively. The analysis conducted provided evidence of differences between AR-PFC and PG-PFC mixtures that suggest the need for differentiation and refinement of the existing specifications to consider these mixtures as independent materials. Future research should, therefore, focus on defining particular specifications for mix design and control for AR-PFC and PG-PFC mixtures. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Asphalt rubber (AR); Hot mix asphalt (HMA); Mix design; Performance grade (PG); Permeable friction course mixture (PFC)	Asphalt rubber (AR); Hot mix asphalt (HMA); Mix designs; Performance grade; Permeable friction course; Asphalt; Binders; Curricula; Fabrication; Friction; Noise pollution; Pavements; Rubber; Skid resistance; Specifications; Structural design; Tribology; Mixtures	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891555313	Impact of reward and penalty scheme on the incentives for distribution system reliability	Alvehag K., Awodele K.	2014	IEEE Transactions on Power Systems	29	1	10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2279859	Department of Electrical Engineering, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Alvehag, K., Department of Electrical Engineering, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Awodele, K., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Performance-based regulations accompanied by quality regulations are gaining ground in the electricity distribution business. Several European countries apply quality regulations with reward and penalty schemes (RPSs), where the distribution system operator (DSO) is rewarded (or penalized) when fulfilling (or not fulfilling) an adequate level of reliability to its customers. This paper develops a method that the regulator can use before enforcing a regulation to get an understanding of the impact different RPS design solutions have on the DSO's financial risk and incentives to invest in reliability. The proposed method also includes a sensitivity analysis to identify which are the most important parameters in an RPS. The new method is applied to three regulatory challenges to evaluate their RPS design solutions. Results show that the choice of scheme design and cost model used to decide the incentive rate have a large impact on the DSO's financial risk and incentive to invest. © 1969-2012 IEEE.	Electric power distribution reliability; quality regulation; reward and penalty schemes	Distribution system reliability; Distribution systems; Electric power; Electricity distribution; European Countries; Performance-based regulation; Quality regulation; Reward and penalty; Electric power distribution; Electric utilities; Reliability	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865818749	Vulnerability, impacts, and adaptation to sea level rise taking an ecosystem-based approach	Alverson K.	2012	Oceanography	25	3	10.5670/oceanog.2012.101	Climate Change Adaptation and Terrestrial Ecosystems Branch, Climate Adaptation Unit, United Nations Environment Programme Division of Environmental Policy Implementation, Nairobi, Kenya	Alverson, K., Climate Change Adaptation and Terrestrial Ecosystems Branch, Climate Adaptation Unit, United Nations Environment Programme Division of Environmental Policy Implementation, Nairobi, Kenya	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880251834	China's 'win-win' cooperation: Unpacking the impact of infrastructure for-resources deals in Africa	Alves A.C.	2013	South African Journal of International Affairs	20	2	10.1080/10220461.2013.811337	South African Institute of International Affairs, Braamfontein, South Africa	Alves, A.C., South African Institute of International Affairs, Braamfontein, South Africa	This paper discusses China's use of infrastructure-for-resources loans in Africa as a win-win economic cooperation tool. This formula, offering generous loans for infrastructure in exchange for resource access, came into being largely as a default cooperation tool, inspired by China's own domestic experience, its competitive advantages and Africa's receptivity to this kind of barter deal. Embodying the principle of mutual benefit, China has consistently combined the extension of financial assistance for infrastructure construction in Africa with the expansion of Chinese business interests and the pursuit of resource security goals. The analysis focuses on whether this instrument is actually promoting African development or fuelling instead China's economic growth at the expense of African economies. The author argues that the impact has been mixed. Although there are some meaningful positive signs, many challenges persist, and as such the long-term developmental impact of this particular tool remains uncertain. The responsibility to ensure a positive outcome rests, however, on the African side as much as on China. © 2013 The South African Institute of International Affairs.	Africa; China; Developmental impact; Infrastructure-for-resources loans	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880922843	Comparison of MR and fluoroscopic mucous fistulography in the pre-operative evaluation of infants with anorectal malformation: A pilot study	Alves J.C.G., Sidler D., Lotz J.W., Pitcher R.D.	2013	Pediatric Radiology	43	8	10.1007/s00247-013-2653-x	Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zyl Avenue, Parow Valley, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; Department of Surgical Sciences, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa	Alves, J.C.G., Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zyl Avenue, Parow Valley, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; Sidler, D., Department of Surgical Sciences, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Lotz, J.W., Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zyl Avenue, Parow Valley, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; Pitcher, R.D., Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zyl Avenue, Parow Valley, Cape Town 7700, South Africa	Background: Anorectal malformations are often associated with rectal pouch fistulas. Surgical correction requires accurate evaluation of the presence and position of such fistulas. Fluoroscopy is currently the chosen modality for the detection of fistulas. The role of MRI is unexplored. Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of MR versus fluoroscopic fistulography in the pre-operative evaluation of infants with anorectal malformation. Materials and methods: We conducted a pilot study of infants requiring defunctioning colostomy for initial management of anorectal malformation. Dynamic sagittal steady-state free-precession MRI of the pelvis was acquired during introduction of saline into the mucous fistulas. Findings were compared among MR fistulography, fluoroscopic fistulography and intraoperative inspection. Results: Eight children were included. Median age at fistulography was 15 weeks, inter-quartile range 13-20 weeks; all were boys. There was full agreement among MR fistulography, fluoroscopic fistulography and surgical findings. Conclusion: The pilot data suggest that MR fistulography is promising in the pre-operative evaluation of children with anorectal malformation. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Anorectal malformation; Child; Fluoroscopic fistulography; MR fistulography; Preoperative evaluation	anorectal malformation; article; clinical article; colostomy; comparative effectiveness; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic imaging; diagnostic test accuracy study; fistulography; fluoroscopy; human; infant; intermethod comparison; male; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; nuclear magnetic resonance scanner; pilot study; preoperative evaluation; priority journal; prospective study; urethra fistula; Anus, Imperforate; Female; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Mucosa; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Pilot Projects; Preoperative Care; Prognosis; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900417099	Thermal performance considerations for intelligent video	Alves R.	2014	EngineerIT	None	APRIL	None	Axis Communications, South Africa	Alves, R., Axis Communications, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880710837	Experimental investigation on the performance of drag reducing polymers through two pipe diameters in horizontal oil-water flows	Al-Wahaibi T., Al-Wahaibi Y., Al-Ajmi A., Yusuf N., Al-Hashmi A.R., Olawale A.S., Mohammed I.A.	2013	Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science	50	None	10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2013.05.014	Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud P.C. 123, Oman; Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Al-Wahaibi, T., Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud P.C. 123, Oman; Al-Wahaibi, Y., Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud P.C. 123, Oman; Al-Ajmi, A., Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud P.C. 123, Oman; Yusuf, N., Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud P.C. 123, Oman; Al-Hashmi, A.R., Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud P.C. 123, Oman; Olawale, A.S., Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Mohammed, I.A., Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	In this paper, experiments were conducted to understand the influence of a small change of pipe diameter in the effectiveness of drag reducing polymer (DRP) in horizontal oil-water flow. Two pipe diameters were used in this study; 19 and 25.4. mm pipes. The results showed a remarkable influence of pipe diameter on the polymer efficiency in modifying flow patterns and drag reduction. The results from both pipes showed that only 10. ppm polymer concentration is needed to achieve the maximum drag reduction for each investigated condition. The presence of DRP extended the region of stratified and dual continuous flows. However, the percentage increase in the stratified region is more significant in the 25.4-mm pipe while the extent of the dual continuous pattern in the 19-mm pipe is larger than that in the 25.4-mm pipe. Regardless of the pipe diameter, annular flow changed for all the investigated conditions to dual continuous flow. The dispersed region (water continuous or oil continuous) decreased after introducing DRP but the decrease is larger for the 19-mm pipe especially for dispersion of oil in water. The results for both pipes revealed that the maximum drag reduction is achieved when the flow is dispersed oil in water; however, higher drag reduction was obtained in the larger pipe diameter. Drag reductions up to 60% were observed in the 25.4-mm pipe in comparison with up to 45% achieved in the 19-mm pipe. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	Drag reducing polymer; Drag reduction; Flow pattern map; Flow pattern transition; Oil-water flow; Two pipe diameter	Drag-reducing polymers; Flow pattern map; Flow pattern transition; Oil water flow; Pipe diameter; Drag reduction; Flow of water; Flow patterns; Hydraulics; Piping systems; Polymers	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958022441	Evaluation of the anticonvulsant activity of Zanthoxylum capense (Thunb.) Harv. (Rutaceae) in mice	Amabeoku G.J., Kinyua C.G.	2010	International Journal of Pharmacology	6	6	None	Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western, Cape, Private Bag XI7, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Amabeoku, G.J., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western, Cape, Private Bag XI7, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Kinyua, C.G., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western, Cape, Private Bag XI7, Bellville 7535, South Africa	The anticonvulsant activity of Zanthoxylum capense (Thunb.) Harv. (Rutaceae) was investigated by studying the effects of the leaf methanol and aqueous extracts on seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole, bicuculline, picrotoxin, N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid and strychnine in mice. Both methanol and aqueous extracts of Z. capense significantly antagonized (p&lt;0.05-0.005) seizures induced by pentylenetrazole (PTZ), picrotoxin and strychnine. Methanol extract of Z. capense significantly antagonized (p&lt;0.05) bicuculline-induced seizures while the aqueous extract significantly delayed (p&lt;0.001) the onset of the seizures. Both methanol and aqueous extracts of the plant species significantly delayed (p&lt;0.05-0.005) the onset of N-methyl-DL-aspartic acid (NMDLA)-induced seizures. Phenobarbitone and diazepam significantly antagonized (p&lt;0.001) seizures induced by PTZ, bicuculline and picrotoxin but did not alter NMDLA-induced seizures. Phenobarbitone significantly attenuated (p&lt;0.01) strychnine-induced seizures. Phenytoin or dimethylsulfoxide did not alter the seizures induced either by PTZ, bicuculline, picrotoxin, NMDLA or strychnine to any extent. The LD 50 value obtained following oral administration of both the leaf aqueous and methanol extracts of Z. capense was above 3200 mg kg -1 and that obtained after intraperitoneal administration was 283.6 mg kg -1. The phytochemical analysis of the plant species revealed the presence of alkaloids, triterpene steroids, reducing sugars, saponins, tannins and quinones. The data obtained indicate that the leaf methanol and aqueous extracts of Z. capense have anticonvulsant activity which may probably involve both GABAergic, glutaminergic and glycinergic mechanisms. The relatively high LD 50 value obtained following oral administration of the plant extract shows that it is non-toxic and /or safe in mice. © 2010 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Acute toxicity; Anticonvulsant activity; Leaf methanol and aqueous extracts; Phytochemical qualitative analysis; Rutaceae; Zanthoxylum capense	alkaloid derivative; anticonvulsive agent; bicuculline; diazepam; dimethyl sulfoxide; gardenyl; methanol; n methylaspartic acid; pentetrazole; phenobarbital; phenytoin; picrotoxin; plant extract; quinone derivative; saponin derivative; steroid; strychnine; tannin derivative; triterpene; unclassified drug; Zanthoxylum capense extract; acute toxicity; animal experiment; animal model; anticonvulsant activity; article; controlled study; drug safety; drug screening; GABAergic transmission; high performance liquid chromatography; LD 50; male; mouse; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; qualitative analysis; Rutaceae; seizure; toxicity testing; Zanthoxylum; Zanthoxylum capense	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950253551	Evaluation of the effects of Olea europaea L. subsp. africana (Mill.) P.S. Green (Oleaceae) leaf methanol extract against castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice	Amabeoku G.J., Bamuamba K.	2010	Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology	62	3	10.1211/jpp.62.03.0012	Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Amabeoku, G.J., Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Bamuamba, K., Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Objectives Olea europaea L. subsp. africana (Mill.) P.S. Green is widely used in South Africa by traditional medicine practitioners to treat diarrhoea. However, little is known scientifically about this South African species in the treatment of diarrhoea. The main aim of the study therefore was to investigate the antidiarrhoeal effect of the leaf methanol extract of the plant species in mice. Methods The antidiarrhoeal activity of the leaf methanol extract of O. europaea subsp. africana was studied using a castor oil-induced diarrhoeal test. The antipropulsive activity of the plant extract was also investigated using the charcoal meal transit test. Standard methods were used to investigate the acute toxicity and effect of O. europaea subsp. africana on castor oil-induced intraluminal fluid accumulation. Results Leaf methanol extract of O. europaea subsp. africana and loperamide, a standard antidiarrhoeal drug, significantly reduced the number of diarrhoeal episodes induced by castor oil, significantly decreased the stool mass, significantly delayed the onset of the diarrhoea and protected the animals against castor oil-induced diarrhoea. Both O. europaea subsp. africana and loperamide significantly decreased the gastrointestinal transit of charcoal meal and castor oil-induced intraluminal fluid accumulation in mice. The LD50 value was found to be 3475 mg/kg (p.o.). Conclusions The results obtained suggest that the leaf methanol extract of O. europaea subsp. africana has an antidiarrhoeal property and that, given orally, it may be non-toxic and/or safe in mice. © 2010 The Authors Journal compilation © 2010 Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.	Acute toxicity; Antidiarrhoeal activity; Leaf methanol extract; Olea europaea subsp. africana; Oleaceae	antidiarrheal agent; castor oil; loperamide; methanol extract; Olea europaea extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; article; controlled study; diarrhea; drug effect; gastrointestinal transit; high performance liquid chromatography; intestine fluid; male; mouse; nonhuman; plant leaf; Animals; Antidiarrheals; Castor Oil; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diarrhea; Feces; Gastrointestinal Contents; Gastrointestinal Transit; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Methanol; Mice; Olea; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650972067	Evaluation of changes in index properties of lateritic soil stabilized with fly ash	Amadi A.	2010	Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies	9	17	None	Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 65, Minna, Nigeria	Amadi, A., Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 65, Minna, Nigeria	For soils to be suitable in civil engineering projects, they must meet existing local requirements for index properties in addition to certain strength criteria. Typically, specifications limit these properties to some threshold values which in most cases are project specific. Some lateritic soils in their natural state need some treatment/modification to meet these specification requirements. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the index properties (i.e., particle size distribution, Atterberg limits and compaction characteristics) of a residually derived lateritic soil following fly ash application. Lateritic soil - fly ash mixtures with up to 20% fly ash by dry weight of soil were tested and specimens for compaction characteristics were prepared at different compaction states (optimum, dry and wet of optimum moisture content) and compacted using British Standard Light (BSL) compactive effort. While soil - fly ash mixtures containing up to 15% fly ash classify as CL according to USCS classification system and plotted above Aline in the plasticity chart, it was observed that changes in the gradation characteristics of soil sample treated with 20% fly ash resulted in the alteration of its classification to ML as well as the crossing of the A- line to the silty region. The liquid limit (LL) varied from 42.2 to 29.53% representin 70% reduction while the plasticity index (PI) of specimen treated with 20% fly ash was 16% lower than that of natural soil. The optimum moisture content (OMC) ranged from 17.36% for the natural soil to 18.34% for soil mixtures containing 20% fly ash which yielded dry unit weight of 17.2kN/m3 for the natural soil and 16.1kN/m3 for samples treated with 20% fly ash. From the study, useful data were obtained showing substantial and desirable changes in the properties of lateritic soil as a civil engineering material on application of fly ash. © 2010 by the authors.	Fly ash; Index properties; Lateritic soil; Plasticity; Stabilization	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-48849086369	Impact of corrosion inhibitors on the environment	Amadi S.A., Ukpaka C.P.	2007	Modelling, Measurement and Control C	68	02-Jan	None	Department of Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu, P.M.B.5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Amadi, S.A., Department of Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu, P.M.B.5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ukpaka, C.P., Department of Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu, P.M.B.5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	This paper entailed the analysis of three commercial corrosion inhibitors to know the concentration of heavy metals in them and the attendant health effect of these heavy metals on the environment. The effect on the environment was investigated by polluting some soil samples with the corrosion inhibitors and then analyzing these soil samples, for 1 day and 2 weeks. Results showed that the corrosion inhibitors contain heavy metals whose concentration exceeds the FEPA limits. These heavy metals are injurious to human health, toxic to plants and animals. They also have adveise on the ecology of the receiving environment and on surface and ground water quality. Comparative effect of environmental pollution of these corrosion inhibitors was tested using t-test techniques (t-test for correlated non independent samples) to determine the significance of the difference between the concentration of these samples. The comprehensive and feasible data generated from the experimental investigation shows the significant effect of these samples. Numerical computation methods were employed to determine the variation on the concentration of the sample from 1 day to 2 weeks. The t-test (tcal(o)=0.851, tcal (5) = 0.964, tcal(10)= 1.015, and tcal(15) = 0.981). Finally, this shows that the degree of pollution of corrosion inhibitors to the environment increase daily and therefore poses a great potential impact on the environment.	Corrosion inhibitors; Environment; Impact; T-test comparative effect	Atmospherics; Concentration (process); Corrosion; Corrosion prevention; Corrosion resistance; Corrosion resistant alloys; Groundwater; Health; Heavy metals; Metals; Soil surveys; Soils; Testing; Water quality; Commercial corrosion; Environment; Environmental pollutions; Experimental investigations; Ground water quality; Human health; Impact; Numerical computations; Soil samples; T-test comparative effect; Test techniques; Corrosion inhibitors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650222408	Nutritive and anti-nutritive evaluation of wonderful kola (Buccholzia coricea) seeds	Amaechi N.C.	2009	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	8	8	10.3923/pjn.2009.1120.1122	Department of Food Science and Technology, Abia State University, P.M.B. 7010, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Amaechi, N.C., Department of Food Science and Technology, Abia State University, P.M.B. 7010, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Levels of some nutrients, anti-nutrients and dietary fibre of wonderful kola (Buccholzia coricea) seeds were determined using standard analytical methods. Crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate, moisture contents and calorific values were 13.28%, 2.50%, 1.70%, 4.53%, 77.18%, 1.34%, and 384.33% Kcal, respectively. The total, insoluble and soluble dietary fibre contents were found to be 11.77%, 11.09%, and 0.68%, respectively. Elemental analysis of the seeds indicated that the dried seeds contained magnesium (1.58%), sodium (1.20ppm), potassium (1.26ppm), phosphorus (0.18mg/g) and calcium (0.17%). Anti-nutrient composition of saponin, oxalates, tannins and phytates in mg/100g. The values were 4.03±0.26, 1.06±0.04, 0.11±0.004 and 3.18±0.01, respectively, while trypsin inhibitor was 0.53±0.07 TIU. These results reveal that these seeds contain appreciable amounts of nutrients especially carbohydrates and proteins with good caloric value and low levels of toxicants and should be included in human diets to supplement our daily allowance needed by the body. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Anti-nutrients; Buccholzia coricea; Dietary fibre; Nutrients	calcium; carbohydrate; fat; magnesium; oxalic acid derivative; phosphorus; phytate; potassium; saponin; tannin derivative; trypsin inhibitor; vegetable protein; article; Buccholzia coricea; calorie; Cola; dietary fiber; food analysis; food composition; nonhuman; nutrient concentration; nutrient content; nutritional assessment; nutritional value; phytochemistry; plant seed	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646884141	Performance, cost benefit, carcass quality and organ characteristics of pigs fed high graded levels of brewer's dried grain diets in the humid tropics	Amaefule K.U., Onwudike O.C., Ibe S.N., Abasiekong S.F.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	5	3	10.3923/pjn.2006.242.247	College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Amaefule, K.U., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Onwudike, O.C., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Ibe, S.N., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Abasiekong, S.F., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Twenty-four (Landrace x Large white) weaner pigs with average live weight of 6.36 kg (6.25-6.50 kg) were used to evaluate the performance, cost benefit, carcass quality and organ characteristics of pigs fed high graded levels of brewers' dried grain (BDG) diets in the humid tropics. The diets contained 0, 30, 35 and 40% BDG in Treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The experiment was in a completely randomized design (CRD) with each treatment replicated three times. Live weight, weight gain, feed and protein intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were measured. Other measurements were feed cost of weight gain, gross margin, warm dressed weight, carcass and organ characteristics. Results showed that weaner pigs fed 40% BDG diet had significantly (P<0.05) higher protein intake (113.65 g) than others, while increasing levels of BDG in the diets significantly (P<0.05) decreased feed cost at the weaner stage. At the grower stage, pigs fed 35% BDG diet had weight gain, FCR and PER values similar to those fed control diet, while BDG diets significantly affected back fat (1st rib) thickness, carcass length and percent spleen. It was concluded that weaner pigs could be fed 40% BDG diet to reduce feed cost, without adverse effect on growth performance. At the grower stage, the optimum inclusion level of BDG in the pig's diet should be 35%, although 40% BDG diet could be fed to reduce feed cost without adverse effect on carcass quality and organ characteristics of the pigs. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Brewer's dried grain; Carcass quality; Growth; Pigs	animal behavior; animal experiment; animal food; animal model; article; body fat; body fat distribution; carcass; controlled study; cost benefit analysis; developmental stage; female; food analysis; food composition; food intake; grain; humidity; male; nonhuman; nutritional value; protein content; protein determination; protein intake; spleen weight; swine; weight gain; Animalia; Pieris brassicae; Sus scrofa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645783649	Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seed meal as protein source for pullets: 1. Performance of grower pullets fed raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal diets	Amaefule K.U., Ironkwe M.C., Ojewola G.S.	2006	International Journal of Poultry Science	5	1	10.3923/ijps.2006.60.64	College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Amaefule, K.U., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Ironkwe, M.C., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Ojewola, G.S., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	The experiment was conducted with 150 nine week-old black Bovan Nera pullets to evaluate the performance of grower pullets fed raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal (PSM) diets from the grower (9th week) stage of life. The experiment, which was in a completely randomized design (CRD), comprised pullets fed 20% PSM diets that were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. The seeds were used as raw, boiled for 30 minutes, toasted for 30 minutes or soaked in water for 24 hours. Each treatment (raw, boiled, toasted, soaked or control diets) was replicated three times. Parameters measured were feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, live weight at point of lay and feed cost. Pullets fed 20% boiled PSM diet had significantly higher (P<0.05) daily protein intake and live weight at point of lay. It was concluded that PSM could be a good protein source for grower pullets, which could be incorporated into the diets at 20% of the whole diet without any adverse effect on growth performance. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Diets; Grower pullets; Pigeon pea seeds; Processed seeds	Cajanus cajan	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749593864	Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] seed meal in layer diets: 1. Performance of point of lay pullets fed raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal diets	Amaefule K.U., Ironkwe M.C., Obioha F.C.	2006	International Journal of Poultry Science	5	7	10.3923/ijps.2006.639.645	College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, N	Amaefule, K.U., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Ironkwe, M.C., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria; Obioha, F.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Performance of point of lay black Bovan Nera pullets fed raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal (PSM) diets was determined with 150 (20 week old) pullets. They have not been fed any PSM diet before the study. The seeds (brown colored) were used as raw or processed (toasted for 30 minutes, boiled for 30 minutes, or soaked in water for 24 hours), all of which were milled. Each treatment had three replicates; each replicate had 10 birds in a completely randomized design (CRD). The experimental diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. Measurements were feed intake, live weight, hen-day and hen-housed egg production, mortality, age at 1st, 25 and 50% egg production, external and internal egg quality characteristics. Raw PSM diet fed to point of lay pullets (POL) significantly (P&lt;0.05) improved hen-day production (67.79%), feed intake (101.50 g), and lowered age at 50% egg production (180.67 d) more than other diets. Layers fed toasted PSM diet laid eggs with superior weight (66.17 g), width (4.51 cm) and the lowest shell weight (4.37 g). Also layers fed toasted PSM diet laid eggs with superior albumen (11.87 mm) and yolk (20.50 mm) heights, albumen weight (45.80 g), albumen + yolk weight (61.60 g) and significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher Haugh unit (123.63) than the rest. It was concluded that 30% raw, toasted or soaked PSM diet could be fed to point of lay pullets without adverse effect on egg production, external and internal egg quality characteristics. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Diets; Layers; Pigeon pea seed meal; Point of lay	Aves; Cajanus cajan	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548489891	Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] seed meal in layer diets: 2. Laying performance and egg quality characteristics of pullets fed raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal diets during grower and layer stages of life	Amaefule K.U., Oke U.K., Obioha F.C.	2007	International Journal of Poultry Science	6	6	None	College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Amaefule, K.U., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Oke, U.K., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Obioha, F.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Laying performance and egg quality characteristics of grower pullets fed raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal diets during grower and layer stages of life were determined with 135 black Bovan Nera grower (126 days old) pullets. Each raw or processed (toasted for 30 minutes, boiled for 30 minutes, or soaked in water for 24 hours) seeds, which constituted a treatment, were milled. Each treatment had three replicates and nine birds per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). The experimental diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. Live weight, feed intake, live weight gain, egg production, mortality, external and internal egg quality characteristics were measured. Results showed that there were non-significant (P>0.05) differences among the layers fed PSM diets in all the egg production parameters measured, except daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR). However, layers fed boiled PSM diet had the highest hen-day production (67.64%), feed intake (105.57 g/b/d) and hen-housed production (78.71%). Layers fed soaked PSM diet had the lowest hen-housed production (66.30%), hen-day production (58.38%), egg mass production (1083.16 g), poorest FCR, and highest number of cracked eggs. The conclusion was that raw, boiled or toasted PSM included as 30% of the diet could be fed to layers that had received 20% PSM diet during the grower stage of life without adverse effects on egg production, external and internal egg quality characteristics. It should be expected that soaked PSM diet could adversely affect egg production as well as external and internal egg qualities. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Egg quality; Layer diets; Laying performance; Processed pigeon pea seed meal	Aves; Cajanus cajan	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-21644441914	Performance of Pullet chicks fed graded levels of Raw Bambarra groundnut (Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc) offal diets as replacement for Soybean meal and Maize	Amaefule K.U., Osuagwu F.M.	2005	Livestock Research for Rural Development	17	5	None	College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Amaefule, K.U., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Osuagwu, F.M., College of Animal Science and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	One hundred and eighty day-old Lohmann brown pullet chicks were used to evaluate the effect of replacing soybean meal and maize with Bambarra groundnut offal (BGO) in pullet chick diets. The experiments were in a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments, each replicated three times, with nine pullets per replicate. The inclusion levels of BGO in the diets were 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%. Parameters measured were daily weight gain, final live weight at 8th weeks, daily feed and protein intake, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, mortality and feed cost. The result showed that the performance of chicks fed diet containing 5% BGO did not differ significantly (P&gt;0.05) from that of the control. Pullets fed 10, 15, 20 and 25% BGO diets showed no significant differences (P&gt;0.05) in their daily weight gain and final live weight. Pullets fed 20% BGO diet had significantly lower feed intake than others. The inclusion of Bambara groundnut offal in the diets significantly (P&lt;0.05) reduced the cost per kg of feed. The conclusion was that the BGO could be a valuable feedstuff in pullet chick diets which could be included up to 5% of the pullet diet.	Bambarra groundnut offal; Diets; Performance; Pullet chicks	Arachis hypogaea; Bambara; Glycine max; Vigna subterranea; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548499903	Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] seed meal in layer diets: 3. Effect of higher inclusion level and prolonged feeding of raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal diets from pullet chick stage on the laying performance of pullets	Amaefule K.U., Oguike M.A., Ironkwe M.O., Obioha F.C.	2007	International Journal of Poultry Science	6	6	None	College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers Stat	Amaefule, K.U., College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Oguike, M.A., College of Animal Science and Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Ironkwe, M.O., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria; Obioha, F.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Black Bovan Nera pullets at point of lay (19 weeks old) that were fed pigeon Pea Seed Meal (PSM) diets during the pullet chick and grower stages of life were used to determine the effect of higher inclusion level and prolonged feeding of raw or processed PSM diets from the pullet chick stage on the laying performance of pullets. Brown colored pigeon pea seeds were used as raw, boiled for 30 min, toasted for 30 min, or soaked in water for 24 h, all of which were milled to pass through a 2 mm sieve. Each diet had three replications; each replicate had eight birds in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Parameters measured were feed intake, live weight, hen-day production, age at 1st, 25 and 50% egg production, external and internal egg quality characteristics. Results showed that layers fed boiled PSM diet had significantly (P<0.05) higher hen-day production (67.04%), egg weight (57.63 g), shell weight (6.50 g) while those fed raw PSM diet had the lowest (55.07%) hen-day production. It was concluded that raw or processed pigeon Pea Seed Meal (PSM) could be included as 30% of the whole diet of layers that had received 10 and 20% PSM based diets during their pullet chick and grower stages of life, respectively. Boiled PSM diet would improve hen-day egg production, toasted PSM diet would increase feed intake of layers while PSM diets will have no regular effects on external and internal egg quality characteristics of eggs laid by layers fed PSM diets. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Diet; Eggs; Layers; Pigeon pea seed meal; Pullets	Aves; Cajanus cajan	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-17444377595	Performance of pullet chicks fed raw or processed pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seed meal diets	Amaefule K.U., Obioha F.C.	2005	Livestock Research for Rural Development	17	3	None	Coll. of Anim. Sci. and Anim. Health, Michael Okpara Univ. Agric., Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Amaefule, K.U., Coll. of Anim. Sci. and Anim. Health, Michael Okpara Univ. Agric., Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Obioha, F.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted with 150 black Bovan Nera pullets to evaluate the performance of pullet chicks fed raw or processed pigeon pea seed meal (PSM) diets. Pullets were fed 10% PSM-based diets for 8 weeks. The seeds were either raw or processed (toasted for 30 minutes, boiled for 30 minutes, or soaked in water for 24 hours). Each treatment was replicated three times, with 10 pullets per replicate. The layout of the experiment was a completely randomized design (CRD). The experimental diets were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. Parameters measured were feed intake, weight gain and feed cost. The results showed that pullets fed 10% raw or processed PSM diets did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in all the performance parameters. PSM diets significantly (P<0.05) reduced total feed cost. It was concluded that PSM is a good protein source for pullets and that 10% raw or processed PSM could be incorporated into pullet chick diets.	Performance; Pigeon pea; Processsing; Pullets; Raw seeds	Cajan; Cajanus cajan; Columba; Gallus gallus; Pisum sativum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960734506	Performance and nutrient utilization of growing rabbits fed graded levels of raw Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranean (L.) Verde] offal diets	Amaefule K.U., Mbonu U.E., Amaka V.	2011	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	10	5	10.3923/pjn.2011.463.469	Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture,Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Amaefule, K.U., Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture,Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Mbonu, U.E., Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture,Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Amaka, V., Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture,Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Performance and nutrient utilization of growing rabbits (N=30) fed graded levels of raw Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranean (L.) Verde] offal (BGO) diets were determined in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). There were five treatments each replicated three times with two rabbits per replicate. The inclusion levels of BGO in the diets were 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%. Measurements were live weight, weight gain, feed and nutrient intakes, feed conversion ratio, feed cost and carcass quality. Also measured were nutrients voided, nutrient retention and apparent digestibility coefficient of nutrients. Results showed that 15% BGO diet improved daily weight gain (19.16 g), final live weight (1.18 kg), feed conversion ratio (2.56) and lowered cost per kg live weight gain (Naira 76.55) of rabbits than other diets. Increased level of BGO in the diets resulted in a significant (p<0.05) decrease in total feed cost. Rabbits fed 20% BGO diet had higher CP (18.92 g) and CF (11.31 g) intakes, significantly (p<0.05) higher faecal DM (98.58 g), OM (88.97 g) and faecal nitrogen (0.04 g) than rabbits fed other diets. The diet of 20% BGO also depressed coefficient of apparent digestibility of ether extract (85.28%), CF (65.80%), crude ash and NFE (89.54%) compared to other diets. It was concluded that growing rabbits could be fed diets containing up to 15% BGO to enhance daily weight gain and reduce feed cost, which would not adversely affect nutrient intake, coefficient of apparent digestibility and nutrient utilization. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Bambara groundnut offal; Nutrient utilization; Performance; Rabbits	nitrogen; animal experiment; article; ash; body growth; body weight; carcass; controlled study; cost; dietary fiber; dietary intake; digestion; feeding; female; food intake; food preservation; male; nonhuman; nutrient uptake; peanut; protein intake; rabbit; randomization; weight gain; Bambara; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Vigna subterranea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959314835	Performance of starter broilers fed raw pigeon pea [Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp.] seed meal diets supplemented with lysine and or methionine	Amaefule K.U., Ukpanah U.A., Ibok A.E.	2011	International Journal of Poultry Science	10	3	10.3923/ijps.2011.205.211	Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Amaefule, K.U., Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Ukpanah, U.A., Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Ibok, A.E., Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	Performance of starter broilers fed raw Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] Seed Meal (PSM) diets supplemented with lysine and or methionine was determined with 270 unsexed broilers. The experimental design was 2 x 4 factorial in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with each dietary treatment replicated three times and 10 broilers per replicate. The factors were inclusion level of raw PSM (30 and 40%) and amino acid supplementation (no supplementation, lysine, methionine and lysine + methionine). There was a conventional maize-soybean diet as positive control while raw PSM without supplementation was the negative control. Lysine and methionine supplementation were 0.10 and 0.25%, respectively. Performance criteria measured were weight gain, feed intake, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and live weight at 4'h week. Results showed that broilers fed methionine or lysine + methionine supplemented diets had significantly (p<0.05) higher live weight, live weight gain, feed intake and significantly (p<0.05) lower protein intake than broilers fed diet supplemented with lysine. Amino acid supplementation significantly (p<0.05) affected only live weight and daily weight gain of broilers. The diet of 40% raw PSM significantly (p<0.05) increased cost per kg feed and daily feed cost more than 30% PSM diet. It was concluded that starter broilers could be fed up to 40% raw Pigeon Pea Seed Meal (PSM) diet without adverse effect on performance of starter birds. However, the diet of 30% PSM should be supplemented with methionine and that of 40% with lysine + methionine. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Lysine; Methionine; Performance; Raw pigeon pea seed meal; Starter broilers	Aves; Cajanus cajan; Glycine max; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645795178	The effect of treated rice milling waste on performance, nutrient retention, carcass and organ characteristics of finisher broilers	Amaefule K.U., Iheukwumere F.C., Lawal A.S., Ezekwonna A.A.	2006	International Journal of Poultry Science	5	1	10.3923/ijps.2006.51.55	Department of Non-Ruminant Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Abia State University, Umuahia Campus, PMB 7010, Umuahia, Abia State,	Amaefule, K.U., Department of Non-Ruminant Animal Production, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, PMB 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Iheukwumere, F.C., Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Abia State University, Umuahia Campus, PMB 7010, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Lawal, A.S., Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Abia State University, Umuahia Campus, PMB 7010, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Ezekwonna, A.A., Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Abia State University, Umuahia Campus, PMB 7010, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	One hundred and twenty 4-week old broilers were used to evaluate the effect of various treatment methods of rice milling waste (RMW) on growth performance, nutrient retention and organ characteristics of finisher broilers. Rice milling waste was treated with urea (D2), poultry droppings (D/3) and water (D4), while untreated waste (D1) served as control. Urea treated RMW diet significantly (P&lt;0.05) improved body weight, weight gain and dressed weight of broilers. Organ weights, dry matter intake and nitrogen free extract were not significantly (P&gt;0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. Broilers fed untreated RMW diet recorded significantly higher feed intake than broilers fed other diets. The results showed that rice milling waste, when treated with urea (fertilizer grade) and included in finisher broiler diets, could enhance their performance. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Broilers; Performance; Poultry droppings; Rice milling waste; Urea	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81555195731	Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Tetracarpidium conophorum (Müll. Arg) Hutch & Dalziel leaves	Amaeze O.U., Ayoola G.A., Sofidiya M.O., Adepoju-Bello A.A., Adegoke A.O., Coker H.A.B.	2011	Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity	None	None	10.1155/2011/976701	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria	Amaeze, O.U., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria; Ayoola, G.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria; Sofidiya, M.O., Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria; Adepoju-Bello, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria; Adegoke, A.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria; Coker, H.A.B., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria	This study evaluated the antioxidant activity as well as bioflavonoid content of the methanol and ethanol-water extracts of the fresh and dried leaves of Tetracarpidium conophorum. Antioxidant activity was determined by spectrophotometric methods using DPPH free radical, nitric oxide radical inhibition and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. In addition, total phenolics, flavonoids and proanthocyanidin content were also determined. The ethanol: water extract of the dried leaves had the highest antioxidant activity with a 50 inhibition of DPPH at a concentration of 0.017mg/mL compared to the standards, Vitamin C and Vitamin E with inhibition of 0.019 and 0.011mg/mL, respectively. This extract also showed nitric oxide radical inhibition activity comparable to that of rutin, 54.45 and 55.03 for extract and rutin, respectively, at 0.1mg/mL. Ferric reducing power was also comparable to that of ascorbic acid (281 and 287M Fe (11)/g, resp.) at a concentration of 1mg/mL. The methanol extract of both the dried and the fresh leaves had higher phenolic, flavonoids and proanthocyanidin content than the ethanol:water extract. The study reveals that T. conophorum can be an interesting source of antioxidants with their potential use in different fields namely food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. © 2011 O. U. Amaeze et al.	None	Antioxidant activities; Ascorbic acids; Dalziel; Dried leaves; Ethanol-water; Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay; Fresh leaves; Inhibition activity; Methanol extract; Proanthocyanidins; Reducing power; Spectro-photometric method; Total phenolics; Vitamin C; Vitamin-E; Water extracts; Agents; Ethanol; Flavonoids; Free radicals; Ketones; Methanol; Nitric oxide; Organic acids; Phenols; Spectrophotometers; Spectrophotometry; Solvent extraction; 1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; alpha tocopherol; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; flavonoid; iron; nitric oxide; phenol derivative; plant extract; proanthocyanidin; rutoside; Tetracarpidium conophorum extract; unclassified drug; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; antioxidant; biphenyl derivative; picric acid; antioxidant activity; article; Euphorbia; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; Tetracarpidium conophorum; walnut; chemistry; Euphorbiaceae; plant leaf; Tetracarpidium conophorum; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Biphenyl Compounds; Euphorbiaceae; Picrates; Plant Leaves; Vitamin E	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858750618	Infecund evaluation of cycling female Sprague-Dawley rats: An aftermath treatment with Momordica charantia seed extract	Amah C.I., Yama O.E., Noronha C.C.	2012	Middle East Fertility Society Journal	17	1	10.1016/j.mefs.2011.08.003	Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Amah, C.I., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Yama, O.E., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Noronha, C.C., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Introduction: Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) grows in tropical areas including parts of the Amazon, Africa, Asia and the Caribbean. It has an array of biologically active plant chemicals including triterpenes, proteins and steroids. Aim: The aim is to evaluate the effect of methanolic seed extract of M. charantia (MC) on ova count, implantation and the fetus of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methodology: Thirty adult cyclic female Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats divided into three groups (A, B and C) of 10 rats/group were used for the study. The female rats in Groups B and C were made pregnant by cohabiting with male S-D rats. In all the groups, MC extract was administered in the morning (9.00 a.m.) at a dose of 25 mg/100 g b.w./oral. In Group A, rats (in proestrous phase) were treated with a single dose and sacrificed the following day (estrous phase). Rats in Group B were fed once daily from day 1 to 10 of gestation and sacrificed on the 12th day. Rats in Group C were fed once daily from day 6 to 19 of gestation and sacrificed on the 20th day of gestation. The following were assessed: ova count, anti-implantation, early abortifacient properties and possible teratogenicity. Result: The extract completely suppressed the release of ova and exhibited highly significant anti-implantation activity. Significant (p < 0.05) changes were seen in the mean body weight, mean crown rump length and mean tail length of the fetuses. Conclusion: In conclusion, MC (25 mg/100 g b.w.) exhibited anti-ovulatory and anti-implantation (early abortifacient) properties. These are certainly desirable anti-fertility actions. It also resulted in prenatal growth deficiencies. © 2011 Middle East Fertility Society. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Abortifacient; Momordica charantia; Ova count; Sprague-Dawley	abortive agent; Momordica charantia extract; animal cell; animal experiment; article; body height; body weight; cell count; controlled study; dose response; drug effect; estrus; female; female infertility; fetus; fetus growth; gestation period; morning dosage; multiple cycle treatment; nonhuman; oocyte; plant seed; pregnancy outcome; proestrus; rat; Sprague Dawley rat; teratogenicity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649342384	Effects of refined petroleum product (kerosene) Flame and fumes on the performance of broiler chickens	Amakiri A.O., Owen O.J., Iboh I.I.	2009	International Journal of Poultry Science	8	2	10.3923/ijps.2009.188.191	Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Amakiri, A.O., Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Owen, O.J., Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Iboh, I.I., Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	An investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of refined petroleum product (kerosene) flame on body weight gains, feed intake, feed conversion, mortality and internal organ weights (liver, lungs, kidney and heart) of broiler chickens. One hundred and twenty day old broiler birds (Aboika breed) were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups of 30 birds per treatment, replicated thrice with 10 birds per replicate using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Kerosene flame in a designed burner was placed 4, 8 and 12 metres from the birds respectively, which represented treatments 1, 2 and 3 while treatment 4 was in another poultry house without flame. The birds were fed ad-libitum on a proprietary starters mash for 5 weeks and a broiler finisher mash for 3 weeks. Water was provided ad-libitum. Routine inoculations and other medications were administered when due. Burning was from 6.00 am-10.00 pm daily for 56 days. Results indicated that the distances (treatments) did not significantly (p>0.05) affect mortality and organ weights. However, the flame distance significantly (p<0.05) affected weekly feed conversion, body weight gains and feed consumption. This research was a simulation of what obtains in a gas field, where gas flaring is carried out close to poultry farms and also to determine the impact of using kerosene in lanterns and stoves for brooding day old chickens. © Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Aboika breed; Broiler chickens; Kerosene; Performance	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956968735	Effect of westwood (Cirina forda) larva meal on the laying performance and egg characteristics of laying hen in a tropical environment	Amao O.A., Oladunjoye I.O., Togun V.A., Olubajo K., Oyaniyi O.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	5	None	Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Amao, O.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Oladunjoye, I.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Togun, V.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Olubajo, K., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Oyaniyi, O., Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria	Two hundred and fifty Isa-Brown point of lay chicken of 30 weeks of age were used to determine the effect of substituting westwood (Cirina forda) larva meal (VWVLM) for fish meal which is the most expensive feed ingredient in layer diet on laying performance of chicken. The birds were fed five diets in which VWVLM replaced 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% fish meal. Data collected were feed intake, weight change, egg production, feed efficiency and egg quality characteristics Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Proximate analysis showed that VWVLM contained higher crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, dry matter and ash than fish meal. Feed intake and weight gain were not significantly (p<0.05) affected by diets. Hen day production of birds fed 0% VWVLM (77.86%), 25% WWLM (78.32%), 50% WWLM (77.82%) and 75% WWLM (77.37%) were similar but higher (p<0.05) than that of those fed 100% WWLM (73.39%). Birds fed 0, 25, 50 and 75% WWLM were also comparable in terms of egg weight and efficiency of feed utilization while those fed 100%WWLM were inferior with respect to these parameters. Egg shell thickness, yolk colour and Haugh unit were not significantly different among treatments. It was concluded that WWLM can replace up to 75% fish meal in the diet of laying chicken. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Egg quality; Fish meal; Laying hen; Performance; Westwood larva meal	Aves; Cirina forda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920379544	Impact of living and socioeconomic characteristics on cardiovascular risk in ischemic stroke patients	Amarenco P., Abboud H., Labreuche J., Arauz A., Bryer A., Lavados P.M., Massaro A., Collazos M.M., Steg P.G., Yamout B.I., Vicaut E.	2014	International Journal of Stroke	9	8	10.1111/ijs.12290	Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat University Hospital, Paris, France; INSERM U-698 and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France; Hotel Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon; National Institute of Neurology, Mexico City, Mexico; Division of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Neurology Service, Department of Medicine, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Department of Neurological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Neurologia, São Paulo, Brazil; Neurologia, Clinica de Marly, Bogota, Colombia; Department of Cardiology, Bichat University Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Neurology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biostatistics, Fernand Widal Hospital, Denis Diderot University - Paris VII, Paris, France	Amarenco, P., Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat University Hospital, Paris, France, INSERM U-698 and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France; Abboud, H., Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat University Hospital, Paris, France, Hotel Dieu de France, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon; Labreuche, J., Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Bichat University Hospital, Paris, France, INSERM U-698 and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France; Arauz, A., National Institute of Neurology, Mexico City, Mexico; Bryer, A., Division of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Lavados, P.M., Neurology Service, Department of Medicine, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile, Department of Neurological Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Massaro, A., Neurologia, São Paulo, Brazil; Collazos, M.M., Neurologia, Clinica de Marly, Bogota, Colombia; Steg, P.G., INSERM U-698 and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France, Department of Cardiology, Bichat University Hospital, Paris, France; Yamout, B.I., Department of Neurology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Vicaut, E., Department of Biostatistics, Fernand Widal Hospital, Denis Diderot University - Paris VII, Paris, France	Objective: We aimed to stratify the risk of vascular event recurrence in patients with cerebral infarction according to living and socioeconomic characteristics and geographic region. Method: The Outcomes in Patients with TIA and Cerebrovascular Disease (OPTIC) study is an international prospective study of patients aged 45 years or older who required secondary prevention of stroke [following either an acute transient ischemic attack, minor ischemic strokes, or recent (less than six-months previous), stable, first-ever, nondisabling ischemic stroke]. A total 3635 patients from 245 centers in 17 countries in four regions (Latin America, Middle East, North Africa, South Africa) were enrolled between 2007 and 2008. The outcome measure was the two-year rate of a composite of major vascular events (vascular death, myocardial infarction and stroke). Results: During the two-year follow-up period, 516 patients experienced at least one major cardiovascular event, resulting in an event rate of 15·6% (95% confidence interval 14·4-16·9%). Event rates varied across geographical region (P<0·001), ranging from 13·0% in Latin America to 20·7% in North Africa. Unemployment status, living in a rural area, not living in fully serviced accommodation (i.e., house or apartment with its own electricity, toilet and water supply), no health insurance coverage, and low educational level (less than two-years of schooling) were predictors of major vascular events. Major vascular event rates steeply increased with the number of low-quality living/socioeconomic conditions (from 13·4% to 47·9%, adjusted P value for trend <0·001). Conclusion: Vascular risk in stroke patients in low- and middle-income countries varies not only with the number of arterial beds involved but also with socioeconomic variables. © 2014 World Stroke Organization.	Atherothrombotic; Countries; Epidemiology; Ischemic stroke; Risk factors; Socioeconomic factors	adult; Algeria; Article; brain infarction; brain ischemia; Brazil; cardiovascular risk; cerebrovascular accident; Chile; Colombia; Dominican Republic; Ecuador; educational status; Egypt; electricity; female; follow up; health insurance; heart infarction; human; Iran; Jordan; Lebanon; major clinical study; male; Mexico; Morocco; outcome assessment; personal experience; Peru; priority journal; prospective study; recurrent disease; risk factor; rural area; Saudi Arabia; secondary prevention; socioeconomics; South Africa; stroke patient; transient ischemic attack; Tunisia; unemployment; Venezuela; water supply; Africa; aged; brain ischemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; clinical trial; complication; daily life activity; international cooperation; longitudinal study; middle aged; Middle East; multicenter study; multivariate analysis; psychology; questionnaire; retrospective study; social class; South and Central America; Stroke; time; very elderly; Activities of Daily Living; Africa; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brain Ischemia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Humans; International Cooperation; Latin America; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Middle East; Multivariate Analysis; Questionnaires; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Social Class; Stroke; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34249782834	Evaluation of subchronic chlorpyrifos poisoning on hematological and serum biochemical changes in mice and protective effect of vitamin C	Ambali S., Akanbi D., Igbokwe N., Shittu M., Kawu M., Ayo J.	2007	Journal of Toxicological Sciences	32	2	10.2131/jts.32.111	Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	Ambali, S., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Akanbi, D., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Igbokwe, N., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Shittu, M., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Kawu, M., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Ayo, J., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most widely used organophosphorous insecticides in agriculture with its attendant adverse health outcomes. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of subchronic oral CPF administration on hematological and serum biochemical indices, and the possible ameliorating effect of vitamin C on the indices in mice. Thirty mice divided into 3 groups of 10 mice each were used for this study. Mice in group I (control) were dosed with vegetable oil, while those in group II were given CPF (21.3 mg/kg∼ 1/5th LD50) only. Mice in group III were pretreated with vitamin C (100 mg/kg) prior to dosing with CPF 30 min later (Vitamin C + CPF-treated group). This regime was given to each group of mice three times a week for a period of ten weeks. During the study period, mice were examined for signs of toxicity, and weight of each mouse was measured every week. At the end of the study period, blood samples were collected from the mice and analyzed for packed cell volume (PCV), total red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC) and total protein (TP). Serum obtained from the blood was analyzed for Na +, K+ and Cl?, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The results showed that mice in the vitamin C + CPF-treated group exhibited milder signs of toxicity and significant increase in weight gain (p&lt;0.01) compared to the CPF-treated group. No significant increase in weight in the CPF-treated group was observed compared to the control. There was a significant increase in PCV, RBC, Hb, TP and creatinine, but a significant decrease was obtained in WBC, ALT and AST in the CPF-treated group compared to the control. All the parameters with the exception of WBC, ALT and AST (which increased significantly), were significantly decreased in the vitamin C + CPF-treated group compared to CPF-treated group. ALP was significantly elevated in the CPF-treated group compared to both the control and vitamin C + CPF-treated group. No significant changes in urea and the measured electrolytes in all three groups, except a significant decrease in the concentration of Na+ was observed in the CPF-treated group compared to the control. The study demonstrated that pretreatment of CPF-administered mice with vitamin C significantly altered some important hematological and serum biochemical parameters, revealing the protective action of the vitamin against some organ damage induced by CPF.	Ameliorative effect; Biochemical profiles; Chlorpyrifos; Hematology; Mice; Vitamin C	alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; ascorbic acid; aspartate aminotransferase; chloride ion; chlorpyrifos; creatinine; medvit c; organophosphate insecticide; potassium ion; protein; sodium ion; unclassified drug; urea; vegetable oil; animal experiment; animal model; article; biochemistry; blood sampling; blood toxicity; controlled study; drug effect; erythrocyte; female; hematocrit; intoxication; leukocyte count; leukopenia; male; mouse; mouse strain; neutropenia; nonhuman; statistical significance; weight gain; Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Proteins; Body Weight; Chemistry, Clinical; Chlorpyrifos; Drug Antagonism; Erythrocyte Indices; Female; Hematologic Tests; Insecticides; Leukocytes; Male; Mice; Poisoning; Mus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960682565	Sensorimotor performance deficits induced by chronic chlorpyrifos exposure in wistar rats: Mitigative effect of vitamin C	Ambali S.F., Ayo J.O.	2011	Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry	93	6	10.1080/02772248.2011.585991	Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Ambali, S.F., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ayo, J.O., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	This study was aimed at evaluating the ameliorative effect of vitamin C on chlorpyrifos-induced sensorimotor changes involving postural reflex, limb placing, and vibrissae touch in Wistar rats. Forty adult Wistar rats of either sex were divided into 4 groups of 10 animals in each group. Group I was administered soya oil (2mLkg -1) while group II was given vitamin C (100mg kg -1); group III was dosed with chlorpyrifos (10.6 mgkg -1, i.e. ~1/8th of the LD 50); group IV was administered vitamin C (100mg kg -1) and then exposed to chlorpyrifos (10.6 mgkg -1), 30 min later. The regimens were administered by gavage once daily for a period of 17 weeks. Neurobehavioral parameters involving postural reflex, limb placing, and vibrissae touch responses measured at various intervals revealed a deficit in postural reflex, limb placing, and vibrissae touch responses in the CPF group, which was mitigated by vitamin C pretreatment. The neuronal and glial cell degeneration, increased brain malonaldehyde concentration, and decrease in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and acetylcholinesterase activities recorded in the group given chlorpyrifos were ameliorated by vitamin C. Therefore, vitamin C was shown to mitigate chlorpyrifos-induced sensorimotor deficits partly due to its antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase restoration properties. © 2011 Taylor &amp; Francis.	Chlorpyrifos; Limb placing; Oxidative stress; Postural reflex; Vibrissae touch; Vitamin C	Chlorpyrifos; Limb placing; Postural reflex; Vibrissae touch; Vitamin C; Aldehydes; Animals; Brain; Cell death; Oxygen; Rats; Vitamins; aldehyde; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; biochemistry; brain; chlorpyrifos; enzyme activity; neurology; pollution effect; pollution exposure; rodent; Animalia; Glycine max; Rattus norvegicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937239388	Depression among patients with tuberculosis: Determinants, course and impact on pathways to care and treatment outcomes in a primary care setting in southern Ethiopia - A study protocol	Ambaw F., Mayston R., Hanlon C., Alem A.	2015	BMJ Open	5	7	10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007653	School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, United Kingdom	Ambaw, F., School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Mayston, R., Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Hanlon, C., Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Alem, A., Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Introduction: Depression is commonly comorbid with chronic physical illnesses and is associated with a range of adverse clinical outcomes. Currently, the literature on the role of depression in determining the course and outcome of tuberculosis (TB) is very limited. Aim: Our aim is to examine the relationship between depression and TB among people newly diagnosed and accessing care for TB in a rural Ethiopian setting. Our objectives are to investigate: the prevalence and determinants of probable depression, the role of depression in influencing pathways to treatment of TB, the incidence of depression during treatment, the impact of anti-TB treatment on the prognosis of depression and the impact of depression on the outcomes of TB treatment. Methods and analysis: We will use a prospective cohort design. 703 newly diagnosed cases of TB (469 without depression and 234 with depression) will be consecutively recruited from primary care health centres. Data collection will take place at baseline, 2 and 6 months after treatment initiation. The primary exposure variable is probable depression measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Outcome variables include: pathways to treatment, classical outcomes for anti-TB treatment quality of life and disability. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression and multilevel mixed-effect analysis will be used to test the study hypotheses. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval has been obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University. Findings will be disseminated through scientific publications, conference presentations, community meetings and policy briefs. Anticipated impact: Findings will contribute to a sparse evidence base on comorbidity of depression and TB. We hope the dissemination of findings will raise awareness of comorbidity among clinicians and service providers, and contribute to ongoing debates regarding the delivery of mental healthcare in primary care in Ethiopia.	None	ethambutol; isoniazid; pyrazinamide; rifampicin; Article; clinical trial; depression; Ethiopia; human; incidence; major clinical study; medical ethics; Patient Health Questionnaire 9; primary medical care; prognosis; quality of life; treatment outcome; tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891619479	Key indicators for optimising supply chain performance: The case of light vehicle manufacturers In South Africa	Ambe I.M.	2014	Journal of Applied Business Research	30	1	None	Department of Business Management, University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa	Ambe, I.M., Department of Business Management, University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa	This article investigates key indicators for optimising supply chain performance of light vehicle manufacturers in South Africa. The article is based on a survey conducted among light vehicle manufacturers in South Africa with origins in Asia and Europe. Semi-structured interview questionnaire was used based on purposive sampling technique and the data was analysed using SPSS. The findings revealed that quality, final product delivery reliability and cost were highly rated and the most important indicators for the South African automotive market. Innovation (radical and incremental changes) was the least important among the indicators sampled. The article further revealed that there is a perceived difference on the importance of supply chain indicators between manufacturers of Asian and European origins. Final product delivery reliability and order delivery lead time tended to be more important to European manufacturers compared to Asian manufacturers. The article attests to the fact that competitiveness in cost, quality and product offerings are paramount to automotive manufacturers in today's turbulent environment. It also reveals key competitive criteria used by European and Asian manufacturers based in South Africa. The article contributes to literature on SCM and reveals the way in which vehicle manufacturers in South Africa do business. © by author(s); CC-BY.	Performance Indicators; South Africa; Supply Chain Management; Vehicle Manufacturers	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947563361	Technical and institutional attributes constraining the performance of small-scale irrigation in Ethiopia	Amede T.	2015	Water Resources and Rural Development	6	None	10.1016/j.wrr.2014.10.005	International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Nairobi, Kenya	Amede, T., International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Nairobi, Kenya	Small-scale irrigation is playing an important role in adapting to climate change, achieving food security, and improving household incomes. The Ethiopian Government considers irrigated agriculture as a primary engine of economic growth and plans to increase the current level of irrigation infrastructure three-fold by the end of 2015. However, there has been concern regarding the performance and management of existing small-scale irrigation. Based on the assessment of 52 small-scale irrigation schemes, and three case study sites, we describe the challenges and interventions required to improve irrigation water management in Ethiopia. Though most schemes are operational, many do not operate at full capacity, due to design failures, excessive siltation, poor agronomic and water management practices, and weak local institutions. In addition to low returns, there is competition for irrigation water between upstream and downstream users, vegetable growers and cereal growers, and between farmers with large irrigable plots and those with small plots. Despite these challenges, our field assessment revealed that small scale irrigation increases crop yields, improves crop diversification, and reduces the risk of crop failure. We emphasize in this paper the need for incentives to improve productivity and minimize conflicts, while enhancing innovation capacity, developing scheme-specific intensification strategies, and promoting collective action. We also describe how benefits from water investments could be substantially increased by overcoming design constraints, strengthening water user associations, and protecting catchments. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Communities; Incentives; Irrigation management; Productivity; Water	agricultural application; crop production; incentive; infrastructural development; irrigation system; performance assessment; state role; water management; Ethiopia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846129458	Colostomy in children - An evaluation of acceptance among mothers and caregivers in a developing country	Ameh E.A., Mshelbwala P.M., Sabiu L., Chirdan L.B.	2006	South African Journal of Surgery	44	4	None	Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria	Ameh, E.A., Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria; Mshelbwala, P.M., Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria; Sabiu, L., Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria; Chirdan, L.B., Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria	Background. Colostomy is a common procedure performed in children, mostly for anorectal malformation and Hirschsprung's disease. However, acceptance by parents in developing countries is thought to be poor. Methods. A prospective evaluation was done to determine the acceptability of colostomy among parents and caregivers, and their attitude towards colostomy in their children. Results. During the period January 1999 - January 2004 a structured questionnaire was administered to 57 parents and caregivers of children with colostomies (41 boys and 16 girls). The indication for colostomy was anorectal malformation in 28 children and Hirschsprung's disease in 29. The length of time the children had the colostomy ranged from 3 weeks to 8 years. Forty-four respondents (77%) found the colostomy and its management acceptable. Thirteen (23%) found the colostomy unacceptable, mainly because of a feeling of social isolation. Problems the respondents complained of included disturbing smell (17, 30%), frequent change of the cloth napkin used as colostomy appliance (15, 26%) and intermittent bleeding from the stoma (4, 7%). Conclusions. Colostomy in children is acceptable to most parents in our environment. Although some parents found it unacceptable, adequate explanation and counselling may modify their view.	None	anorectal malformation; article; bleeding; caregiver; child; child parent relation; colostomy; controlled study; developing country; female; Hirschsprung disease; human; infant; major clinical study; male; questionnaire; smelling; social isolation; stoma; Caregivers; Child; Child, Preschool; Colon; Colostomy; Developing Countries; Female; Hirschsprung Disease; Humans; Infant; Male; Mothers; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Prospective Studies; Questionnaires; Rectum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868690253	Integrated approaches in the evaluation of the status of soil samples around Obajana cement factory, North Central Nigeria	Ameh E.G., Daniel A., Odoma A.N., Imeokparia E.G.	2012	International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences	7	4	None	Earthsciences Department, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria; Geology Department, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria	Ameh, E.G., Earthsciences Department, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria; Daniel, A., Earthsciences Department, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria; Odoma, A.N., Earthsciences Department, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria; Imeokparia, E.G., Geology Department, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria	Fourteen soil samples distributed evenly around the factory were collected in February 2009 during the dry season. The samples were analysed for major cations and heavy metal concentrations to investigate the impact of cement production on soil. The factory has been operational for seven (7) years. The enrichment factor (EF) observed in all sampled points are in this order: Ni > Cu > Pb>Cd> Zn>Fe and only at Obj 08 was significant enrichment observed with respect to Fe. Contamination factor (CF) also indicates average trend of the heavy metals in this trend: Ni>Cu>Pb>Zn>Cd>Fe. The present study shows Ni to be significantly enriched/considerably contaminated in twelve out of the fourteen sites while Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Fe revealed depletion to minimal enrichment/ low to moderate contamination in most sites. Few sites have higher enrichment/contamination. The Igeo index for Ni at four sites show moderate to unpolluted while other heavy metals from the rest locations show background concentration to unpolluted. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) indicates that all sites have experienced progressive deterioration except Obajana 08. The heavy metal concentrations recorded are a reflection of the current industry operations and preventive control measures are recommended. This results would serves an eye opener to the communities, operators and the regulating organs on necessary steps to take in order to reduce these observed impacts. © Research India Publications.	Background value; Contamination factor; Enrichment factor; Factor-cluster analysis; Index of geoaccumulation; Obajana; Pollution load index	Background value; Contamination factors; Enrichment factors; Factor-cluster analysis; Index of geoaccumulation; Obajana; Pollution loads; Cluster analysis; Contamination; Copper; Lead; Soil cement; Soil surveys; Zinc; Soil pollution; cation; concentration (composition); enrichment; geoaccumulation index; heavy metal; industrial emission; pollution control; soil pollution; trend analysis; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868676563	Using multivariate techniques to evaluate impact of coal mining on river Achokpa stream sediments	Ameh E.G., Omali A.O., Imeokparia E.G.	2011	International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences	6	3	None	Earth Sciences Dept., Kogi State University, P.M.B.1008 Anyigba, Nigeria; Dept. of Geology, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin- City, Nigeria	Ameh, E.G., Earth Sciences Dept., Kogi State University, P.M.B.1008 Anyigba, Nigeria; Omali, A.O., Earth Sciences Dept., Kogi State University, P.M.B.1008 Anyigba, Nigeria; Imeokparia, E.G., Dept. of Geology, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin- City, Nigeria	Parameters analysed shows strong, positive correlation between Cu and Zn, Cu and Pb; moderate correlation was observed between Pb and Ni; weak correlation between Fe and Cu; Fe and Zn. Moderate to weak correlations exist between Mg and Cd, Mg and Zn, Mg and Cu and moderate to weak negative correlations were observed between Ca and Mg, Ca and Cu, Na and K, Na and Pb, Na and Ni. Anthropogenic factor (AF) revealed 96.52% for Pb, 93.39% for Cu, 85.39% for Cu, 81.22 for Zn, 75.27% for Ni and 58.36% for Cd. Factor analysis show that factor one has 26.48% of variance with high loadings of Pb and Ni. Factor two accounts for 25.33% of variance with high to moderate loading for Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb while factors three and four accounted for 21.13% and 18.72% of variance with moderate loadings of Mg and Cu; Na and Fe respectively. R-mode cluster analysis revealed three clusters: cluster one consists of Cu, Pb, Mg and Zn; cluster two is made up of Na, Fe and Cd and cluster three consists of K, Ni and Ca. Q-mode cluster analysis extracted two clusters: cluster one consists of locations OK06,OK10, OK04, OK09, OK01 and OK05 while cluster two include OK02 and OK03. EF shows that Zn has the highest EF in almost all locations, followed by Pb, Ni, Cu and Cd. Fe has the least impact and all locations except OK01 is not impacted by these heavy metals. Igeo index revealed Pb has the highest Igeo index in all locations, followed by Cu, and Fe. Cd has the least contamination. These heavy metals are highest at locations OK06, OK05, OK04, OK03, and OK02. CF index indicates Pb to be the most contaminated of all heavy metals, followed by Cu and Fe. The least metal is Cd. Most affected locations are OK05, OK06, OK04, OK03, OK02, OK01 and OK08. PLI shows progressive deterioration of all sites with locations OK06, Ok05, OK04, OK03 and OK02 as the most affected. © Research India Publications.	Anthropogenic; Enrichment factor; Geo-accumulation index; Multivariate analysis	Anthropogenic; Anthropogenic factors; Coal mining; Enrichment factors; Geo-accumulation index; High loadings; Multi variate analysis; Multivariate techniques; Negative correlation; Positive correlations; Stream sediments; Weak correlation; Cadmium; Cadmium compounds; Calcium; Cluster analysis; Coal mines; Lead; Loading; Multivariant analysis; Sodium; Zinc; Copper; cluster analysis; enrichment; environmental impact; factor analysis; fluvial deposit; geoaccumulation index; heavy metal; loading; multivariate analysis; sediment pollution	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23944469924	An evaluation of library automation in some Ghanaian university libraries	Amekuedee J.-O.	2005	Electronic Library	23	4	10.1108/02640470510611508	Balme Library, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway	Amekuedee, J.-O., Balme Library, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway	Purpose - The study was undertaken to find out which library processes have been automated in Ghana's three older public university libraries namely, the Balme Library, the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Library and the University of Cape Coast (UCC) Library. Design/methodology/approach - Using data obtained through the use of questionnaires, the study examined areas of general automation, automation of specific library processes, networking, internet connectivity, training, and major constraints to library automation. Findings - The study found out that even though the university libraries realize the importance of library automation, they are hampered by lack of funds, lack of support from the university administrations, and lack of skilled staff to embark on automation of all library processes. It was also revealed that none of the libraries have on OPAC (online public access catalogue). Originality/value - The study concludes with recommendations that would enhance the university libraries drive towards automation of their library processes and ensure effective and efficient use of the new technology to raise the image of the libraries and give their library clients more services. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Automation; Ghana; Internet; Libraries; Universities	Developing countries; Information technology; Internet; Office automation; Online searching; Statistical methods; Ghana; Online public access catalogue; University libraries; Digital libraries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942134689	The impact of customer demographic variables on the adoption and use of internet banking in developing economies	Ameme B.K.	2015	Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce	20	2	10.4172/1204-5357.1000114	Information Communication and Technology Management, Ghana Technology University College, Accra, Ghana	Ameme, B.K., Information Communication and Technology Management, Ghana Technology University College, Accra, Ghana	Whilst most banks introduced internet banking services for the benefit of their customers, the adoption and use of the service had been very low. Strategies to increase the adoption and use of internet banking services eventually lead to the banks’ goal of maximizing profit. It is therefore essential for banks to understand the factors that affect the adoption of internet banking services. The purpose of this paper is to determine demographic factors that influence the adoption of internet banking services in a bid to improving the situation. Due to the limitations in accessing the population of developing economies, a sample of one bank was selected from a developing nation, Ghana. Ghana was strategically chosen due to the high internet penetration rate. Out of 506,203 customers of the chosen bank, only 32,337 customers who subscribed to the internet banking services were used for data analysis. 31, 886 representing 98.61% of internet banking customers were resident in Ghana whilst the remaining 451 representing 1.39% were non-residents, suggesting that the data for analysis represented the behavior of Ghanaians as citizens of developing economies, though the restriction to just one bank may limit the generalization of the findings. Chi-square techniques were employed in the study, using historical data of over eight years. The findings of the study revealed that demographic factors such as gender do not have significant effect on customers in adopting and using internet banking services. The study further concluded that there is a strong correlation between employment status, educational level and customer adoption and usage of internet banking services in Ghana. These findings will help banks to develop appropriate strategies in attracting and retaining their customers, through the design of specific marketing campaigns geared towards certain category of internet banking customers who are likely to adopt and use internet banking services. © 2015 Ameme BK.	Adoption; Demographic; Internet banking; Security	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957875582	Field evaluation of the efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin against bovine tuberculosis in neonatal calves in Ethiopia	Ameni G., Vordermeier M., Aseffa A., Young D.B., Hewinson R.G.	2010	Clinical and Vaccine Immunology	17	10	10.1128/CVI.00222-10	Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; TB Research Group, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom	Ameni, G., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Vordermeier, M., TB Research Group, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; Aseffa, A., Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Young, D.B., Division of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Hewinson, R.G., TB Research Group, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom	In developing countries, the conventional test and slaughter strategy for the control of bovine tuberculosis is prohibitively expensive, and alternative control methods such as vaccination are urgently required. In this study, the efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for protection against bovine tuberculosis (bTB) was evaluated in Holstein calves under field conditions in Ethiopia. Thirteen neonatally vaccinated and 14 control calves were exposed for 10 to 23 months to skin test reactor cows. Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) testing, comparative intradermal tuberculin testing, postmortem examination, and bacteriological culture were used for the evaluation of BCG efficacy. The overall mean pathology score was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in control calves than in vaccinated calves. Culture positivity for Mycobacterium bovis was higher in the control calves than in the vaccinated calves, and significantly more BCG-vaccinated animals would have passed a standard meat inspection (P = 0.021). Overall, the protective efficacy of BCG was between 56% and 68%, depending on the parameters selected. Moreover, by measuring gamma interferon responses to the antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10, which are present in M. bovis but absent from BCG, throughout the experiment, we were able to distinguish between vaccinated animals that were protected against bTB and those animals that were not protected. In conclusion, the present trial demonstrated an encouraging protective effect of BCG against bTB in a natural transmission setting in Ethiopia. Copyright © 2010, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	BCG vaccine; culture filtrate protein 10; early secretory antigenic target 6; gamma interferon; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; bacterium culture; BCG vaccination; bovine tuberculosis; controlled study; disease severity; drug efficacy; Ethiopia; Mycobacterium bovis; newborn; nonhuman; priority journal; tuberculin test; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Cattle; Ethiopia; Interferon-gamma; Lymphocytes; Mycobacterium bovis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Severity of Illness Index; Tuberculin Test; Tuberculosis Vaccines; Tuberculosis, Bovine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902249863	The performance of students in computer studies at secondary school level: A case of Uganda	Ameri F.K.	2013	International Journal of Technologies in Learning	19	4	None	Kyambogo University, Uganda	Ameri, F.K., Kyambogo University, Uganda	The paper presents the results of the study conducted in three first-class urban Ugandan secondary schools. A multiple case-study investigation was considered appropriate because it was felt necessary to compare the performance of students in Computer Studies. This would add literature of the newly introduced subject in a developing country, like Uganda. The findings of the study revealed that few students had attained proficiency level (25.6 %) in the national Computer Studies examination in the previous five years (2006-2011). There was a gender disparity in the attainment of very high proficiency levels, with females at 4.6 per cent and males at 18.6 per cent. These findings have important policy implications, including the need for increased budgets for teacher training and curriculum development for both secondary and university education, and advocacy for the feminization of Computer Studies. © Common Ground, Florence Kabahamba Ameri 2013.	Component; Computer studies; Learning achievement; Performance; Secondary schools; Teacher education	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70450172295	The beginnings of children's palliative care in Africa: Evaluation of a children's palliative care service in Africa	Amery J.M., Rose C.J., Holmes J., Nguyen J., Byarugaba C.	2009	Journal of Palliative Medicine	12	11	10.1089/jpm.2009.0125	Hospice Africa Uganda, Kampala, Uganda	Amery, J.M., Hospice Africa Uganda, Kampala, Uganda; Rose, C.J., Hospice Africa Uganda, Kampala, Uganda; Holmes, J., Hospice Africa Uganda, Kampala, Uganda; Nguyen, J., Hospice Africa Uganda, Kampala, Uganda; Byarugaba, C., Hospice Africa Uganda, Kampala, Uganda	Aim: To evaluate a children's palliative care service designed specifically for a resource-poor sub-Saharan African setting. Methodology: The study used mixed quantitative and qualitative methodology: quantitative retrospective, comparative survey and cross-sectional, noninterventional interview survey. Results: Evaluation showed increases in referrals, proportion of children on program, morphine and chemotherapy prescriptions, and improved compliance for a cost of $100 per child. The most valued service strengths were free drugs, food, play, learning, and staff attitude. Weaknesses included insufficiency of strengths listed above, as well as poor hospital staff attitude, lack of school fees and poor treatment compliance rates. Suggestions included more of the strengths as well as more accessible service locations. Discussion: The study suggests affordable, nurse-led, volunteer-supported children's palliative care services are both achievable and effective in sub-Saharan African. The study suggests that palliative care units should provide a specialized service focused on children. Such a service would clearly identify children in need of children's palliative care and should provide medication for symptom control; food and basic needs support; play and learning facilities; child protection; and systems for patient education, communication and follow up. Staff lack confidence and/or competence and this is a significant barrier to children's palliative care that should be addressed in Africa. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.	None	morphine; Africa; article; basic needs; chemotherapy; cross-sectional study; follow up; health care cost; health program; health service; hospital personnel; human; interpersonal communication; interview; methodology; palliative therapy; patient compliance; patient education; patient referral; prescription; qualitative analysis; quantitative analysis; retrospective study; social support; Africa South of the Sahara; Child; Child Welfare; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Palliative Care; Poverty; Retrospective Studies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957574914	Housing and construction finance, deposit mobilisation and bank performance in Ghana	Ametefe F., Aboagye A.Q.Q., Sarpong-Kumankoma E.	2011	Journal of Property Research	28	2	10.1080/09599916.2010.538478	Department of Banking and Finance, University of Ghana Business School, P.O. Box LG 78, Legon, Ghana	Ametefe, F., Department of Banking and Finance, University of Ghana Business School, P.O. Box LG 78, Legon, Ghana; Aboagye, A.Q.Q., Department of Banking and Finance, University of Ghana Business School, P.O. Box LG 78, Legon, Ghana; Sarpong-Kumankoma, E., Department of Banking and Finance, University of Ghana Business School, P.O. Box LG 78, Legon, Ghana	We analyse bank performance in Ghana over the period 2001-2007. We posit a two-equation simultaneous system for return on assets and volatility of earnings. In addition to other explanatory variables, this study is interested in the impact of deposits as a proportion of total assets and the proportion of housing and construction loans that banks extend. The triangular system is estimated by the least squares dummy variable approach. We find that the coefficients of the deposit ratio are very small in both equations and not at all significant. At the 10% significance level, the ratio of total loans to assets is positive and significant in both equations. Housing and construction loans tend to increase return on equity and decrease volatility. Increases in equity to assets ratio increase return on assets and decrease volatility of earnings significantly. The impact of non-interest income is small and tends to increase return on assets and decrease volatility. Nonperforming loan ratio has the expected sign and is significant in the return on assets equation. Increases in inflation decrease profitability and increase volatility. We recommend that banks raise longer-term financing on the capital market to undertake longer-term profitable projects such as housing finance. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.	Bank performance; Deposits; Equity; Loans; Return on assets; Volatility of earnings	banking; finance; housing market; income; least squares method; lending behavior; performance assessment; profitability; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886410320	The impact of market power and funding strategy on bank-interest margins	Amidu M., Wolfe S.	2013	European Journal of Finance	19	9	10.1080/1351847X.2011.636833	School of Management, University of Southampton, SO17 IBJ, United Kingdom; Department of Accounting, University of Ghana Business School, PO Box LG 78, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Amidu, M., School of Management, University of Southampton, SO17 IBJ, United Kingdom, Department of Accounting, University of Ghana Business School, PO Box LG 78, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Wolfe, S., School of Management, University of Southampton, SO17 IBJ, United Kingdom	This paper investigates the implications of market power and funding strategies for bank-interest margins, using a sample of 978 banks in 55 emerging and developing countries over an eight-year period, 2000-2007. We provide additional insight by examining the complex interlocking of three key variables that are important for regulators: the degree of market power, funding sources and bank performance. The results show that market power increases when banks use internal funding to diversify into non-interest income-generating activities. We also find that the high net-interest margins of banks in emerging and developing countries can be explained by the degree of market power, credit risk, and implicit interest payments. In addition, our results suggest that interest margins among banks with market power are significantly more sensitive to internally generated funds than they are to deposit and wholesale funding. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.	bank funding; bank market power; developing countries; net-interest margin	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955802888	How does dividend policy affect performance of the firm on Ghana Stock exchange?	Amidu M.	2007	Investment Management and Financial Innovations	4	2	None	University of Ghana Business School, Ghana	Amidu, M., University of Ghana Business School, Ghana	The study examines whether dividend policy influences firm performance in Ghana. The analyses are performed using data derived from the financial statements of listed firms on the GSE during the most recent eight-year period. Ordinary Least Squares model is used to estimate the regression equation. In order to operationalise 'dividend policy'; the study coded: '1' to represent the company has a policy to pay dividend; while '0' to represent the company has a policy not to pay dividends. The results show positive relationships between return on assets, dividend policy, and growth in sales. Surprisingly, study reveals that bigger firms on the GSE perform less with respect to return on assets. The results also reveal negative associations between return on assets and dividend payout ratio, and leverage. The results of the study generally support previous empirical studies. The main value of this study is the identification of how dividend policy affects performance of firms listed on the Ghana Stock exchange. © Mohammed Amidu, 2007.	Dividend policy; Firms; Listed Ghana; Price	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892576739	Performance of rental values of residential properties in selected areas in Akure, Nigeria between 2001 and 2011	Amietsenwu B.V.	2012	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	3	3	10.5901/mjss.2012.v3n3p531	Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Amietsenwu, B.V., Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	The paper examined changes in rental values of residential properties in two neighbourhoods (Oke - Ijebu and Apatapiti) in Akure from 2001 to 2011. The intent is to provide a measure of the performance of this sector in the past years. Questionnaires were administered on 14 registered Estate Surveyors and Valuers practicing in Akure out of which 11 were returned and good for analysis. The returned questionnaires were analysed using the Trend Analysis and regression model for the computation of growth rate. The findings indicated that rental value of 3 Bedroom flat and tenement accommodation have been on the increase since 2001 to 2011 especially with Apatapiti neighbourhood having higher rental values than Oke - Ijebu. The result also showed the growth rates of 3 bedroom flat and tenement accommodation in Oke Ijebu to be 38.44% and 43.07% respectively as against 23.15% and 34.98% for 3 bedroom and tenement accommodation in Apatapiti area. It is therefore, recommended that the federal government should build more hostels in the Federal University of Technology Akure which is close to Apatapiti one of the study areas. This gesture will help to lessen the burden on accommodation especially in Apatapiti thereby, reducing the undue advantage taken by landlords in increasing rents.	Popuiation; Rental values; Residential property	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71649088273	Biomethanol production from gasification of non-woody plant in South Africa: Optimum scale and economic performance	Amigun B., Gorgens J., Knoetze H.	2010	Energy Policy	38	1	10.1016/j.enpol.2009.09.020	Sustainable Energy Futures, Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa; Process Engineering Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa	Amigun, B., Sustainable Energy Futures, Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa, Process Engineering Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Gorgens, J., Process Engineering Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Knoetze, H., Process Engineering Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa	Methanol production from biomass is a promising carbon neutral fuel, well suited for use in fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), as transportation fuel and as chemical building block. The concept used in this study incorporates an innovative Absorption Enhanced Reforming (AER) gasification process, which enables an efficient conversion of biomass into a hydrogen-rich gas (syngas) and then, uses the Mitsubishi methanol converter (superconverter) for methanol synthesis. Technical and economic prospects for production of methanol have been evaluated. The methanol plants described have a biomass input between 10 and 2000 MWth. The economy of the methanol production plants is very dependent on the production capacity and large-scale facilities are required to benefit from economies of scale. However, large-scale plants are likely to have higher transportation costs per unit biomass transported as a result of longer transportation distances. Analyses show that lower unit investment costs accompanying increased production scale outweighs the cost for transporting larger quantities of biomass. The unit cost of methanol production mostly depends on the capital investments. The total unit cost of methanol is found to decrease from about 10.66 R/l for a 10 MWth to about 6.44 R/l for a 60 MWth and 3.95 R/l for a 400 MWth methanol plant. The unit costs stabilise (a near flat profile was observed) for plant sizes between 400 and 2000 MWth, but the unit cost do however continue to decrease to about 2.89 R/l for a 2000 MWth plant. Long term cost reduction mainly resides in technological learning and large-scale production. Therefore, technology development towards large-scale technology that takes into account sustainable biomass production could be a better choice due to economic reasons. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Gasification; Methanol; Syngas	Biomass productions; Capital investment; Carbon neutral fuel; Chemical building blocks; Economic performance; Economic prospects; Economies of scale; Fuel cell vehicles; Gasification process; Hydrogen-rich gas; Investment costs; Large-scale production; Long term; Methanol plants; Methanol production; Methanol synthesis; Mitsubishi; Per unit; Plant size; Production capacity; Production scale; South Africa; Syn-gas; Technological learning; Technology development; Transportation cost; Transportation distance; Transportation fuels; Unit cost; Woody plants; Biomass; Costs; Economics; Forestry; Fuel cells; Gas absorption; Gas generators; Gasification; Investments; Methanol; Synthesis gas manufacture; Technological forecasting; Cost benefit analysis; alternative fuel; biomass power; economy of scale; fuel; methanol; production cost; sustainable development; technological development; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
None	None	Inverse relationship of financial risk and performance in commercial banks in Tanzania	Amin M.A.M., Sanusi N.A., Kusairi S., Abdallah Z.M.	2014	Investment Management and Financial Innovations	11	4	None	Malaysia; Tanzania	Amin, M.A.M., Malaysia; Sanusi, N.A., Malaysia; Kusairi, S., Malaysia; Abdallah, Z.M., Tanzania	Studies on the financial risks and financial performance of banks are very limited, especially in Tanzania. This study aims to examine the simultaneous influence of the financial risks and financial performance of commercial banks in Tanzania. The financial performance under consideration is return on assets and return on equity, while financial risk is the average of financial risks. The study employs the instrumental variable regression of fixed effect to solve simultaneous equations by two-stage least squares. By using unbalanced panel data of 21 banks from 2003 to 2012, the results show that by applying both ROA and ROE in the performance equation, financial risk is significant. Furthermore, by considering financial performance in the risk equation as endogenous, both ROA and ROE are significant. The implication of this result is that the inverse relation of financial risk and performance cannot be avoided; hence, the commercial banks together with the bank supervisors should make a trade-off between risk and performance. © Mohamad Anuar Md Amin, Nur Azura Sanusi, Suhal Kusairi, Zuhura Mohamed Abdallah, 2014.	Commercial bank; Financial performance and financial risk	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749019447	Modeling the impact of a partially effective HIV vaccine on HIV infection and death among women and infants in South Africa	Amirfar S., Hollenberg J.P., Abdool Karim S.S.	2006	Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes	43	2	10.1097/01.qai.0000230526.79341.83	Weill Medical College, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; CAPRISA, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durbana, South Africa; Division of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Weill Medical College, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, United States	Amirfar, S., Weill Medical College, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States, Weill Medical College, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, United States; Hollenberg, J.P., Weill Medical College, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States; Abdool Karim, S.S., Weill Medical College, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States, CAPRISA, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durbana, South Africa, Division of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States	OBJECTIVE: To assess the potential impact over 10 years of a partially effective HIV vaccine in a cohort of 15-year-old adolescent girls in South Africa in terms of HIV infections and deaths prevented in mothers and infants. METHODS: A computer simulation was constructed using a population of all 15-year-old adolescent girls in South Africa followed for 10 years. A partially effective vaccine is introduced into this population with the ability to reduce the HIV incidence rates of the adolescents and vertical transmission to their infants through birth and breast-feeding. At the end of this 10 year period, the number of HIV infections and death prevented in adolescents and infants is analyzed. RESULTS: Using a 5% HIV incidence rate, a 50% effective vaccine decreases the number of HIV cases among adolescents by 57,653 (28.7%) and the number of cases among infants by 13,765 (28.9%) over 10 years. In addition, assuming a vaccine cost of $20 per dose, the vaccination program can save approximately $120 million for the South African government over 10 years. CONCLUSION: A partially effective HIV vaccine has an important role in HIV prevention in adolescents and infants in South Africa irrespective of other public policy implementations. Copyright © 2006 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Cost-effectiveness; Decision analysis; HIV/AIDS; Perinatal transmission; Vaccine	Human immunodeficiency virus vaccine; adolescence; article; breast feeding; cohort analysis; computer simulation; drug cost; drug efficacy; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; incidence; policy; priority journal; South Africa; vaccination; vertical transmission; Adolescent; AIDS Vaccines; Cohort Studies; Computer Simulation; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Decision Support Techniques; Disease Transmission, Vertical; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Immunization Programs; Incidence; Infant; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934290452	Modeling impact of climate change on water resources and agriculture demand in the Volta Basin and other basin systems in Ghana	Amisigo B.A., McCluskey A., Swanson R.	2015	Sustainability (Switzerland)	7	6	10.3390/su7066957	CSIR-Water Research Institute, P.O. Box AH38, Achimota, Accra, Ghana; Engineering Management, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; Civil Engineering, University of Colorado, 352 Summer Ave., Reading, MA, United States	Amisigo, B.A., CSIR-Water Research Institute, P.O. Box AH38, Achimota, Accra, Ghana; McCluskey, A., Engineering Management, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; Swanson, R., Civil Engineering, University of Colorado, 352 Summer Ave., Reading, MA, United States	An assessment of the impacts of projected climate change on water availability and crop production in the Volta Basin and the southwestern and coastal basin systems of Ghana has been undertaken as a component of the impacts and adaptation study for Ghana by UNU-WIDER and the University of Ghana. Four climate change scenarios were considered in addition to a reference (no change) scenario-two dry and two wet scenarios. To conduct the analysis, a portion of a special framework using three water models was used; the framework is called the Strategic Analysis of Climate resilient Development (SACReD). First, the CliRun water balance model was used to simulate catchment runoffs using projected rainfall and temperature under the scenarios. Second, climate impacts on yields of the economically important Ghana crops were modeled using the AquaCrop software. Third, the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) software was used for the water allocation modeling. The results show that all water demands (municipal, hydropower, and agriculture) cannot be simultaneously met currently, or under any of the scenarios used, including the wet scenarios. This calls for an evaluation of groundwater as an additional source of water supply and an integrated water resources management plan in the catchments to balance demand with supply and ensure sustainable socio-economic development. In addition, the AquaCrop model forecasts negative impacts for the crop yields studied, with some crops and regions seeing larger impacts than others. © 2015 by the authors.	Agriculture; Climate change; Ghana; Water resources	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927545929	The effects of drought and shade on the performance, morphology and physiology of ghanaian tree species	Amissah L., Mohren G.M.J., Kyereh B., Poorter L.	2015	PLoS ONE	10	4	10.1371/journal.pone.0121004	Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana; Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Amissah, L., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana, Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Mohren, G.M.J., Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Kyereh, B., College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Poorter, L., Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	In tropical forests light and water availability are the most important factors for seedling growth and survival but an increasing frequency of drought may affect tree regeneration. One central question is whether drought and shade have interactive effects on seedling growth and survival. Here, we present results of a greenhouse experiment, in which seedlings of 10 Ghanaian tree species were exposed to combinations of strong seasonal drought (continuous watering versus withholding water for nine weeks) and shade (5% irradiance versus 20% irradiance). We evaluated the effects of drought and shade on seedling survival and growth and plasticity of 11 underlying traits related to biomass allocation, morphology and physiology. Seedling survival under dry conditions was higher in shade than in high light, thus providing support for the "facilitation hypothesis" that shade enhances plant performance through improved microclimatic conditions, and rejecting the trade-off hypothesis that drought should have stronger impact in shade because of reduced root investment. Shaded plants had low biomass fraction in roots, in line with the trade-off hypothesis , but they compensated for this with a higher specific root length (i.e., root length per unit root mass), resulting in a similar root length per plant mass and, hence, similar water uptake capacity as high-light plants. The majority (60%) of traits studied responded independently to drought and shade, indicating that within species shade- and drought tolerances are not in trade-off, but largely uncoupled. When individual species responses were analysed, then for most of the traits only one to three species showed significant interactive effects between drought and shade. The uncoupled response of most species to drought and shade should provide ample opportunity for niche differentiation and species coexistence under a range of water and light conditions. Overall our greenhouse results suggest that, in the absence of root competition shaded tropical forest tree seedlings may be able to survive prolonged drought. © 2015 Amissah et al.	None	Albizia zygia; Aningeria robusta; Antiaris toxicaria; Article; controlled study; drought; drought stress; drought tolerance; Entandrophragma angolense; environmental impact assessment; Ghanaian; greenhouse effect; growth rate; kapok; leaf area; leaf water potential; microclimate; morphological trait; nonhuman; Pericopsis elata; Piptadeniastrum africanum; plant growth; plant parameters; plant physiology; plant response; plant structures; root length; seasonal variation; shade; species coexistence; species differentiation; stem length; Sterculia rhinopetala; stomatal conductance; Strombosia pustulata; survival prediction; survival rate; tree; Turraeanthus africanus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923171832	The Relational Orientation of the African and Performance Management Practices in Selected Institutions in Ghana	Amoah S.K., Afranie S.	2015	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	6	1S1	10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n1s1p87	Department of Sociology, School of Social Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, South Africa	Amoah, S.K., Department of Sociology, School of Social Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, South Africa; Afranie, S., Department of Sociology, School of Social Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, South Africa	It is unsatisfactory to find that in the literature on employee performance appraisal management, enough attention has not been paid to the important factors in the socio-cultural context of the society in which organizations concerned are sited. Employing both qualitative and quantitative research approaches, the study explored the influence of certain socio-cultural values on performance appraisal practices in selected institutions in Ghana. Thus, the paper assesses some of the often neglected sociocultural factors and how they serve to moderate employee performance appraisal management in work organisations. It specifically discusses the relational orientation of the African and how it influences performance appraisal practices in organisations. Our hope is to enhance the understanding of researchers and human resource management practitioners of the realities of performance appraisal management within specific sociocultural contexts. The results reveal that in spite of the existence of established formal systems of performance appraisal in the universities studied, most of the officials in charge of appraisal face the challenge of objectivity and fairness due to their relational orientation. Virtually all the factors that pose this challenge to the officials are socio-cultural in nature. The express desire to maintain a good relation with subordinates and colleagues makes officials compromise on fairness and objectivity in appraising their subordinates. According to the study results, some managers believe that it is prudent to overrate one’s cordial relation with colleagues and subordinates over a strict adherence to institutional provisions provided one does not break any serious rule. © 2015, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved.	Performance Management Practices; Relational Orientation; Sociocultural Values	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250852240	Evaluation of pearl millet accessions for yield and nutrient composition	Amodu J.T., Adeyinka I.A., Kallah M.S., Alawa J.P.	2007	Journal of Biological Sciences	7	2	None	National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika-Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru-Zaria, Nigeria	Amodu, J.T., National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika-Zaria, Nigeria; Adeyinka, I.A., National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika-Zaria, Nigeria; Kallah, M.S., National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika-Zaria, Nigeria; Alawa, J.P., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru-Zaria, Nigeria	An experiment was carried out in 2001 and 2002 at the Forage and Crop Residue Research Programme of the National Animal Production Research, Institute, Shika, Nigeria, to evaluate the yield components and nutrient composition of three accessions of pearl millet (Mokwa, Bunkure and Kankara). The three accessions were planted in completely randomized block design in three replications. Sowing was carried out in both years of the trial at the rate of 4 kg seeds per hectare on 10×7.5 m plot. Parameters assessed included plant height, number of tillers/culm, percentage green, leaf stem ratio, fodder yield (fresh and dry weights). CP, CF, EE, NFE, ash, P, Ca and Mg. Results showed that at 116 post-planting, there were varietal differences in height, tillering ability, leafiness and greenness, which were found significant (p&lt;0.05). The Bunkure accession which was taller, greener and higher in number of tillers had the highest fodder yield of 9.07 and 7.32 t ha-1 of fresh weight and dry weight, respectively. In the three accessions there were no significant differences (p&gt;0.05) in the leaf:stem ratio. Differences between accessions in terms of EE, NFE and P were not significantly different (p&gt;0.05) while significant differences were noticed in ash, CP, CF and Mg content of the millet accessions. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Accessions; Evaluation; Millet; Nutrient; Yield	calcium; magnesium; phosphorus; article; ash; dry weight; Nigeria; pearl millet; plant height; plant leaf; plant nutrient; plant stem; sowing; Animalia; Pennisetum glaucum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36348987743	The impact of war experiences and physical abuse on formerly abducted boys in Northern Uganda	Amone-P'Olak K., Garnefski N., Kraaij V.	2007	African Journal of Psychiatry (South Africa)	10	2	None	Department of Psychology, Gulu University, PO Box 166, Gulu, Uganda; Division of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands	Amone-P'Olak, K., Department of Psychology, Gulu University, PO Box 166, Gulu, Uganda; Garnefski, N., Department of Psychology, Gulu University, PO Box 166, Gulu, Uganda; Kraaij, V., Division of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands	Objective: In this article, war experiences and the impact of physical abuse on formerly abducted boys in Northern Uganda are assessed. Method: In a cross-sectional self-report design, Impact of Events Scale - Revised (IES-R), War Experiences Checklist questionnaires were administered to 216 formerly abducted boys between August and November 2004 and data from records at three rehabilitation centres were retrospectively assessed and analysed. Results: The boys were exposed to war events, participated in atrocities, were physically abused, and manifested many signs and symptoms of post traumatic stress. Consequently, many were psychologically distressed at the time of the study. Conclusions: The psychosocial intervention activities proposed include teaching better coping skills, entrepreneurial skills training, and provision of micro credit facilities.	Physical abuse; Psychosocial intervention; PTS; Uganda; War	adolescent; adult; article; child abuse; coping behavior; cross-sectional study; distress syndrome; experience; human; Impact of Events Scale; major clinical study; male; posttraumatic stress disorder; psychosocial care; questionnaire; school child; self report; Uganda; war	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57949084196	In vitro pharmacological evaluation of three Barleria species	Amoo S.O., Finnie J.F., Van Staden J.	2009	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	121	2	10.1016/j.jep.2008.10.035	Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa	Amoo, S.O., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa; Finnie, J.F., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa; Van Staden, J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Various parts of Barleria prionitis L. (Acanthaceae) are used in traditional medicine to treat infection-related ailments. A comparison of their activities and knowledge of their mechanisms of action are important for drug development and conservation. Aims of the study: This study investigated the antibacterial effects and underlying mechanisms of action of the anti-inflammatory activities of different parts of three Barleria species of South African origin. Materials and methods: Crude extracts of different parts of three Barleria species were investigated in vitro for their biological activity. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the micro-dilution assay against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2 assays. Results: All the extracts showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.059 to 6.25 mg/ml. Twelve out of 21 crude extracts evaluated showed good activity (>70%) in the COX-1 assay while 10 extracts showed good activity in the COX-2 assay. All the petroleum ether extracts (except B. prionitis stem) exhibited good inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in COX-1. Conclusion: The results demonstrated the therapeutic potential of these plants as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents. Their anti-inflammatory properties are mediated by the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzymes. © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Anti-inflammatory; Antibacterial; Barleria species; COX-1; COX-2	Barleria albostellata extract; Barleria greenii extract; Barleria prionitis extract; cyclooxygenase 1; cyclooxygenase 2; petroleum ether; plant extract; unclassified drug; Acanthaceae; antibacterial activity; antiinflammatory activity; article; controlled study; dilution; drug activity; enzyme inhibition; Gram negative bacterium; Gram positive bacterium; in vitro study; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; plant leaf; plant root; plant stem; prostaglandin synthesis inhibition; South Africa; species difference; traditional medicine; Acanthaceae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cyclooxygenase 1; Cyclooxygenase 2; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Medicine, African Traditional; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plant Extracts; Prostaglandins; South Africa; Acanthaceae; Barleria; Barleria prionitis; Negibacteria; Posibacteria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865058945	Impact of health education intervention on insecticide treated nets uptake among nursing mothers in rural communities in Nigeria	Amoran O.E., Fatugase K.O., Fatugase O.M., Alausa K.O.	2012	BMC Research Notes	5	None	10.1186/1756-0500-5-444	Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria	Amoran, O.E., Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria; Fatugase, K.O., Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria; Fatugase, O.M., Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria; Alausa, K.O., Department of Community Medicine and Primary Care, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria	Background: ITN use is generally poor in Nigeria among all categories of people. Although use of ITNs has been shown to reduce malarial morbidity and mortality, this measure needs to be supported by an adequate healthcare system providing ITN possibly at the household level. This study was therefore designed to determine the effect of health education on the uptake of ITN among nursing mothers in rural communities in Nigeria. Methods. The study design was a quasi-experimental study carried out in Ijebu North Local Government Area of Ogun State. A multistage random sampling technique was used in choosing the required samples for this study and a semi- structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant information. The intervention consisted of a structured educational programme based on a course content adapted from the national malaria control programme. A total of 400 respondents were recruited into the study with 200 each in both the experimental and control groups and were followed up for a period of 3months when the knowledge and uptake of ITN was reassessed. Result: There was no significant difference (P >0.05) observed between the experimental and control groups in terms of socio-dermographic characteristics such as age, marital status, religion, and income. The ITN ever users in experimental group were 59 [29.5%] and 138 [72.6%] in pre and post intervention period, respectively (p value =0.0001). These proportions of ITN ever users were 55 [27.5%] and 57 [31.6%] in control group, during the pre and post intervention periods (p=0.37). Post health education intervention, degree of change in knowledge of ITN re-treatment [37.0%] and mounting [33.5%], readiness to use if given free [30.5%] and belief in efficacy [36.9%] improved significantly in the experimental group while there was no significant change in the control group [p=0.84, 0.51, 0.68 &0.69 respectively]. Majority [89%] of the respondents were willing to buy ITN for between US$ 1.5 to US$ 3.0. There was no statistically significant change (P >0.05) despite intervention in the amount the respondents were willing to pay to own an ITN in both the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: The study concludes that the use of ITN in the study population was significantly increase by health education and that the free distribution of ITN may not guarantee its use. Uptake of ITN can be significantly improved in rural areas if the nets are made available and backed up with appropriate health education intervention. © 2012 Amoran et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Health education intervention; ITN; Malaria; Nursing mothers; Rural Nigeria; Utilization	insecticide; adult; article; attitude to health; bed net; breast feeding; drug effect; female; health education; human; infection control; malaria falciparum; methodology; Nigeria; organization and management; physiology; Plasmodium falciparum; questionnaire; rural population; statistics; utilization review; Adult; Breast Feeding; Communicable Disease Control; Female; Health Education; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Insecticides; Malaria, Falciparum; Mosquito Nets; Nigeria; Plasmodium falciparum; Questionnaires; Rural Population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861765177	Gendered Play and Evaluation of Computer Video Games by Young South Africans	Amory A., Molomo B.	2012	Gender, Technology and Development	16	2	10.1177/097185241201600203	Department of Mathematics, Science, Technology and Computer Education, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa	Amory, A., Department of Mathematics, Science, Technology and Computer Education, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Molomo, B., Department of Mathematics, Science, Technology and Computer Education, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa	This study investigates the preferences and attitudes of young South Africans who play and evaluate computer video games. The quantitative data reported here is part of a partially mixed concurrent quantitative/qualitative research design. Seventy-eight participants (14 to 24 years old) took part in game play workshops that lasted for five days, after which they answered a survey. Results show that young South African women and men like similar games, identify with female game characters, dislike cognitively challenging games, and rate their competitiveness in a similar way. It is argued that participants performed their gendered stereotypes based on prior social experiences in and expectations of the patriarchal and heteronormative masculine South African society. The study also discusses the implications for the use of games in the classroom. © 2012 Asian Institute of Technology.	computer video games; game play and evaluation; Games for teaching and learning; gender performativity; hegemonic masculinity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929709341	Impact of a participatory cyber crime prevention programme on secondary school students’ attainment in crime prevention concepts in civic education and social studies	Amosun P.A., Ige O.A., Choo K.-K.R.	2015	Education and Information Technologies	20	3	10.1007/s10639-013-9298-0	University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria; University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia	Amosun, P.A., University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ige, O.A., Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria; Choo, K.-K.R., University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia	Nigeria is considered by many to be a cyber crime hot spot, and is often ranked among the world’s top cyber crime committing countries (e.g. advanced fee fraud is also known as Nigerian scams and 419 scams—419 is a section under the Nigerian Criminal Code Act that prohibits obtaining goods by false pretences). We designed a cyber crime prevention programme based on the action research paradigm. We the used the pretest-postest quasi experimental design to evaluate the impact of the action cyber crime prevention programme on 218 Nigerian secondary school students’ attainment in Civic Education and Social Studies. The students were purposefully selected from whole classes in six secondary schools in Nigeria. Our analysis suggested that the action cyber crime prevention programme has a positive effect on students’ attainment in cyber crime prevention. Future work includes extending the Action Cyber Crime Prevention Programme to a wider audience in Nigeria and other developing countries. © 2013, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Action cyber crime prevention programme; Civic education; Cyber crime education; Learning outcomes; Secondary school students’; Social studies	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350188339	Impact of commonly used agrochemicals on bacterial diversity in cultivated soils	Ampofo J.A., Tetteh W., Bello M.	2009	Indian Journal of Microbiology	49	3	10.1007/s12088-009-0042-9	Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Water Research Institute, CSIR-WRI, P. O. Box M 32, Accra, Ghana	Ampofo, J.A., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Water Research Institute, CSIR-WRI, P. O. Box M 32, Accra, Ghana; Tetteh, W., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Water Research Institute, CSIR-WRI, P. O. Box M 32, Accra, Ghana; Bello, M., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Water Research Institute, CSIR-WRI, P. O. Box M 32, Accra, Ghana	The effects of three selected agrochemicals on bacterial diversity in cultivated soil have been studied. The selected agrochemicals are Cerox (an insecticide), Ceresate and Paraquat (both herbicides). The effect on bacterial population was studied by looking at the total heterotrophic bacteria presence and the effect of the agrochemicals on some selected soil microbes. The soil type used was loamy with pH of 6.0-7.0. The soil was placed in opaque pots and bambara bean (Vigna subterranean) seeds cultivated in them. The agrochemicals were applied two weeks after germination of seeds at concentrations based on manufacturer's recommendation. Plant growth was assessed by weekly measurement of plant height, foliage appearance and number of nodules formed after one month. The results indicated that the diversity index (Di) among the bacteria populations in untreated soil and that of Cerox-treated soils were high with mean diversity index above 0.95. Mean Di for Ceresate-treated soil was 0.88, and that for Paraquattreated soil was 0.85 indicating low bacterial populations in these treatment-type soils. The study also showed that application of the agrochemicals caused reduction in the number of total heterotrophic bacteria population sizes in the soil. Ceresate caused 82.50% reduction in bacteria number from a mean of 40 × 105 cfu g-1 of soil sample to 70 × 104 cfu g-1. Paraquat-treated soil showed 92.86% reduction, from a mean of 56 × 105 cfu g-1 to 40 × 104 cfu g-1. Application of Cerox to the soil did not have any remarkable reduction in bacterial population number. Total viable cell count studies using Congo red yeast-extract mannitol agar indicated reduction in the number of Rhizobium spp. after application of the agrochemicals. Mean number of Rhizobium population numbers per gram of soil was 180 × 104 for the untreated soil. Cerox-treated soil recorded mean number of 138 × 104 rhizobial cfu g-1 of soil, a 23.33% reduction. Ceresate- and Paraquat-treated soils recorded 20 × 104 and 12 × 104 cfu g-1 of soil, respectively, representing 88.89% and 93.33% reduction in Rhizobium population numbers. Correspondingly, the mean number of nodules per plant was 44 for the growth in untreated soil, 30 for the plant in the Cerox-treated soil, 8 for the plant in Paraquat-treated soil and 3 for the plant in Ceresate-treated soil. The study has confirmed detrimental effect of insecticide on bacterial populations in the soil. Total heterotrophic counts, rhizobial counts as well as the number of nodules of all samples taken from the chemically treated soils were all low as compared to values obtained for the untreated soil. However, the effect of the insecticide was minimal in all cases as compared to the effects of the herbicides on the soil fauna. Indiscriminate use of agrochemicals on farms can therefore affect soil flora and subsequently food production. © Association of Microbiologists of India 2009.	Agrochemicals; Diversity index; Rhizobium	Bacteria (microorganisms); Bambara; Rhizobium; Vigna subterranea	None
WoS	WOS:000305004400012	Developing and Evaluating the Social Axioms Survey in Eleven Countries: Its Relationship With the Five-Factor Model of Personality	Amponsah, Benjamin,Boehnke, Klaus,Bond, Michael Harris,Burgess, Steven Michael,Busch, Holger,Conway, Lucian Gideon, III,Dominguez Espinosa, Alejandra del Carmen,Dragolov, Georgi,Fardis, Makon,Fukuzawa, Ai,Golestaneh, Maha,Gornick, Laura Janelle,Hofer, Jan	2012	JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY	43	5	10.1177/0022022111416361	Chinese Academy of Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Jacobs University, National Research University - Higher School of Economics, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, University of Bergen, University of Cape Town, University of Ghana, University of Haifa, University of Montana, University of Montana System, University of Tokyo, Zhejiang University, Univ Iberoamer, Univ Osnabruck	"Amponsah, Benjamin: University of Ghana","Boehnke, Klaus: Jacobs University","Bond, Michael Harris: Hong Kong Polytechnic University","Burgess, Steven Michael: University of Cape Town","Conway, Lucian Gideon, III: University of Montana","Conway, Lucian Gideon, III: University of Montana System","Dragolov, Georgi: Jacobs University","Fukuzawa, Ai: University of Tokyo","Golestaneh, Maha: University of Cape Town","Gornick, Laura Janelle: University of Montana","Gornick, Laura Janelle: University of Montana System","Ismail, Rosnah: Universiti Malaysia Sabah","Kurman, Jenny: University of Haifa","Lam, Ben C. P.: Hong Kong Polytechnic University","Lebedeva, Nadezhda: National Research University - Higher School of Economics","Leung, Kwok: City University of Hong Kong","Mendes Teixeira, Maria Luisa: Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie","Sam, David Lackland: University of Bergen","Tatarko, Alexander N.: National Research University - Higher School of Economics","Yamaguchi, Susumu: University of Tokyo","Zhang, Jianxin: Chinese Academy of Sciences","Zhou, Fan: Zhejiang University",	Based on a deductive, culturally decentered approach, new items were generated to improve the reliability of the original Social Axioms Survey, which measures individuals' general beliefs about the world. In Study 1, results from 11 countries support the original five-factor structure and achieve higher reliability for the axiom dimensions as measured by the new scale. Moreover, moderate but meaningful associations between axiom and Big-Five personality dimensions were found. Temporal change of social axioms at the culture level was examined and found to be moderate. In Study 2, additional new items were generated for social complexity and fate control, then assessed in Hong Kong and the United States. Reliability was further improved for both dimensions. Additionally, two subfactors of fate control were identified: fate determinism and fate alterability. Fate determinism, but not fate alterability, related positively to neuroticism. Other relationships between axiom and personality dimensions were similar to those reported in Study 1. The short forms of the axiom dimensions were generally reliable and correlated highly with the long forms. This research thus provides a stronger foundation for applying the construct of social axioms around the world.	ATTITUDES,BELIEFS,PERSONALITY,"SOCIAL COGNITION",VALUES,ADJUSTMENT,BELIEFS,FIT,ILLUSTRATION,PERSPECTIVE,TESTS,TRANSMISSION,UNIVERSAL,VALUES	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33644518381	Performance optimization of coagulant/flocculant in the treatment of wastewater from a beverage industry	Amuda O.S., Amoo I.A., Ajayi O.O.	2006	Journal of Hazardous Materials	129	03-Jan	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.07.078	Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Amuda, O.S., Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Amoo, I.A., Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Ajayi, O.O., Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	This study investigated the effect of coagulation/flocculation treatment process on wastewater of Fumman Beverage Industry, Ibadan, Nigeria. The study also compared different dosages of coagulant, polyelectrolyte (non-ionic polyacrylamide) and different pH values of the coagulation processes. The effect of different dosages of polyelectrolyte in combination with coagulant was also studied. The results reveal that low pH values (3-8), enhance removal efficiency of the contaminants. Percentage removal of 78, 74 and 75 of COD, TSS and TP, respectively, were achieved by the addition of 500 mg/L Fe2(SO 4)3·3H2O and 93, 94 and 96% removal of COD, TSS and TP, respectively, were achieved with the addition of 25 mg/L polyelectrolyte to the coagulation process. The volume of sludge produced, when coagulant was used solely, was higher compared to the use of polyelectrolyte combined with Fe2(SO4)3·3H2O. This may be as a result of non-ionic nature of the polyelectrolyte; hence, it does not chemically react with solids of the wastewater. Coagulation/ flocculation may be useful as a pre-treatment process for beverage industrial wastewater prior to biological treatment. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Beverage wastewater; Coagulation; pH control; Polyelectrolyte; Sludge	Beverages; Chemical reactions; Flocculation; Optimization; pH effects; Polyelectrolytes; Sewage sludge; Wastewater treatment; Beverage wastewater; Biological treatment; PH control; Sludge; Coagulation; coagulating agent; polyelectrolyte; proton; sulfur oxide; Beverages; Chemical reactions; Coagulation; Flocculation; Optimization; pH effects; Polyelectrolytes; Sewage sludge; Wastewater treatment; wastewater; article; beverage; chemical analysis; chemical reaction; flocculation; food contamination; pH; sludge; waste water management; wine industry; Beverages; Flocculation; Fruit; Industrial Waste; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Waste Management; Water Pollutants, Chemical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896366728	Impact of corporate social irresponsibility on the corporate image and reputation of multinational oil corporations in Nigeria	Amujo O.C., Laninhun B.A., Otubanjo O., Ajala V.O.	2012	Critical Studies on Corporate Responsibility, Governance and Sustainability	4	None	10.1108/S2043-9059(2012)0000004020	Laninhun Department of Communication Arts, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Lagos Business School, Pan-African University, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Human Communications, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Nigerian Institute of Public Relations, La	Amujo, O.C., Nigerian Institute of Public Relations, Lagos, Nigeria; Laninhun, B.A., Laninhun Department of Communication Arts, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Otubanjo, O., Lagos Business School, Pan-African University, Lagos, Nigeria; Ajala, V.O., Department of Human Communications, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria	Purpose - This chapter examines how irresponsible corporate activities (environmental pollution, human rights abuses, tax evasion, corruption and contract scandals) of some multinational oil companies in the Niger Delta influence stakeholders' perception of their image/reputation in Nigeria. Methodology - The objective of this chapter is accomplished through the review of literature on the activities of multinational oil corporations in the Niger Delta, supported by qualitative interviews and analysis of archival materials. Findings - Three important findings emerged from this study. First, the participants were fully aware of the irresponsible behaviours of oil corporations in the Niger Delta, and some oil corporations were involved in these illicit acts. Second, the analysis of archival materials supports the participants' views with reference to the identities of the corporations involved in these criminal acts. Third, the absence of a strong corporate governance system in Nigeria makes it possible for the officials of oil corporations to tactically circumvent the law by involving in a maze of sophisticated corrupt acts. Research/practical implications - The implication for the academics and practitioners is evident when a corporation implements corporate social responsibility dutifully; it generates positive impact on its corporate reputation rating. Conversely, when a corporation engages in irresponsible corporate misbehaviours, it attracts negative consequences on its reputation. Originality - The originality of this chapter lies in the fact that it is the first empirical study to examine the impact of corporate social irresponsibility on the image/reputation of multinational oil corporations in Nigeria. Copyrightr © 2012 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Corporate image; Corporate reputation; Corporate social irresponsibility; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881553846	The long-run impact of inflation in South Africa	Amusa K., Gupta R., Karolia S., Simo-Kengne B.D.	2013	Journal of Policy Modeling	35	5	10.1016/j.jpolmod.2011.05.001	Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Amusa, K., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Gupta, R., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Karolia, S., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Simo-Kengne, B.D., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	This paper evaluates the hypothesis of long-run super-neutrality of money (LRSN) within the context of the South African economy. The long-run impact of inflation on the interest rate and subsequently, output is estimated by employing a trivariate structural vector autoregression model, using quarterly data for the period of 1960:1 to 2010:1. The estimation results suggest that the hypothesis of LRSN cannot be rejected, thereby suggesting that monetary policy in South Africa cannot be used to solve the large and persistent unemployment problem in South Africa, which is understandable, since unemployment is inherently structural and is due to skills-shortage. This is further supported by our one of our other results which shows that significant long-run impact on output is obtained from technological improvements. © 2013 Society for Policy Modeling.	Money superneutrality; Structural vector autoregression	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891712397	Libya's implosion and its impacts on children	Amusan L.	2013	Journal of International Women's Studies	14	5	None	Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, University of South Africa, South Africa	Amusan, L., Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, University of South Africa, South Africa	The Arab Spring's ripple effects on Libya led to the overthrow of Muammar Al- Qaddafi's government of over four decades. The regime change in Libya was not a smooth adventure. It led to a civil war, which impacted negatively on Libyan children. The seeds of discord that this war sowed in the once considered stable state shall be the focus of this discussion through the employment of descriptive and analytical methods. The contention of this study is that every actor in the civil war disregarded various international treaties that protect children and indigenous peoples during the war. This paper argues that the issue of children should be addressed through domestic legislation and international treaties the country is a signatory to. Also important is the resolution of problems of disarmament, demobilization, reintegration and reinsertion (DDRR)1 for a stable society in a divided post Al-Qaddafi government where different militias are in control of the state. ©2013 Journal of International Women's Studies.	Children; Civil war; Libya	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349823860	Sonographic evaluation of normal portal vein diameter in Nigerians	Anakwue A.C., Anakwue R.C., Ugwu A.C., Nwogu U.B., Idigo F.U., Agwu K.K.	2009	European Journal of Scientific Research	36	1	None	Department of Radiography and Radiological Sciences, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Department Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Department of Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University,	Anakwue, A.C., Department of Radiography and Radiological Sciences, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Anakwue, R.C., Department Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Ugwu, A.C., Department of Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra state, Nigeria; Nwogu, U.B., Department of Radiography and Radiological Sciences, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Idigo, F.U., Department of Radiography and Radiological Sciences, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Agwu, K.K., Department of Radiography and Radiological Sciences, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Nigeria	Background: Portal vein size is a diagnostic index useful in measuring portal hypertension which is found in many disease conditions including cirrhosis where it occurs in > 60% of cases. Aims: The aim of this work is to determine the normal portal vein diameter in adult Nigerians. There is paucity of work describing the portal vein diameter in Nigerians. Method: In this work we used a 2 D ultrasound- a non invasive method to assess the portal vein size in 200 adults aged 20-79 years of both sexes. Results: The mean diameter of normal portal vein in the subjects was 11.45mm±1.49. Conclusion: The portal vein diameter obtained in this work is comparable to that found in Caucasians. This information can be useful in diagnosing and treating portal hypertension in a variety of clinical situations. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2009.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945270040	Towards Breaking the Conspiracy of Silence in Reproductive Health Information Access Among In-School Adolescent Girls: Impact on Policy and Practice	Anasi S.N.	2015	Journal of Hospital Librarianship	15	4	10.1080/15323269.2015.1079691	Technical Processing Division, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Anasi, S.N., Technical Processing Division, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	All young people have the right to access comprehensive sexual and reproductive health information. However, most adolescent girls in developing countries face sexuality without adequate information. This is due to the unwritten but active traditional norm against the discussion of sex and sexuality issues with young people. This article reports a descriptive study that investigated the adolescent girls’ degree of access to reproductive health information and the barriers to accessing reproductive health information. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 18 schools, three from each of the six Local Education Districts (LEDs) in Lagos State. The study sample consisted of 1800 girls in the selected schools. Data were collected with a questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The result of the study revealed that in-school adolescent girls had limited access to reproductive health information. The findings also showed that lack of time to seek relevant information and unwillingness of parents to discuss reproductive health issues with the adolescents were major obstacles to reproductive health information access. The test of significance of relationship between access to reproductive health information and attitude towards reproductive health issues indicated significant positive relationship between access to reproductive health information and attitude towards reproductive health issues. The study concluded that access to reproductive health information exerts great influence on attitude towards reproductive health issues. The article recommends the adoption of multimedia approach for the dissemination of reproductive health information in public schools in Lagos State. © , Published with license by Taylor & Francis.	adolescent girls; Lagos State; reproductive health information; reproductive health issues	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84962343707	In-core power prediction and effects of average core temperature on miniature neutron source reactor's core performance	Anas M.S., Ahmed Y.A., Rabiu N., Agbo S.A., Balarabe B.	2015	International Journal of Nuclear Energy Science and Technology	9	4	10.1504/IJNEST.2015.075482	College of Agriculture and Animal Science Mando, Division of Agricultural Colleges, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Centre for Energy Research and Training, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Physics Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zar	Anas, M.S., College of Agriculture and Animal Science Mando, Division of Agricultural Colleges, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ahmed, Y.A., Centre for Energy Research and Training, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Rabiu, N., Physics Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Agbo, S.A., Physics Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Balarabe, B., Physics Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	The results of the measurement obtained revealed that the coolant temperature difference is approximately uniform over the period of operation with an average value of 12.1°C for experiments performed at half power and 19.5°C for operation at full power. The average core temperature of the reactor was found to have mean values of 19.8°C and 44.3°C at half and full power levels respectively. The average value for the predicted power of the reactor at half and full flux was found to be 14.9 kW and 31.30 kW respectively. The variation of the inlet temperature (Tin) and coolant temperature (ÄT) with the reactor power was also investigated and the results show that the thermohydraulic parameters dictate the power level but have no significant influence on power excursion, coolant boiling and radiation exposure of personnel. © 2015 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	miniature neutron source reactor; MNSR; Nigeria Research Reactor - 1; NIRR-1; Thermo-hydraulic	Coolants; Miniature neutron source reactor; MNSR; Nigeria; NIRR-1; Thermo-hydraulic; Neutron sources	None
None	None	Performance of underground cables that use OFDM systems for broadband power-line communications	Anatory J., Theethayi N., Thottappillil R.	2009	IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery	24	4	10.1109/TPWRD.2009.2031674	School of Virtual Education, College of Informatics and Virtual Education, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania; Division for Electricity, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75121, Sweden; Division for Electromagnetic Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden	Anatory, J., School of Virtual Education, College of Informatics and Virtual Education, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania; Theethayi, N., Division for Electricity, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-75121, Sweden; Thottappillil, R., Division for Electromagnetic Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden	Power-line networks are proposed for broadband data transmission. The presence of multipaths within the broadband power-line communication (BPLC) system, due to stochastic changes in the network load impedances, branches, etc. pose a real challenge as it affects network performance. This paper attempts to investigate the performance of an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based BPLC system that uses underground cables. It is found that when a branch is added in the link between the sending and receiving end, there is an average of 4-dB power loss. In addition, when the terminal impedances of the branches that are connected to the link between the transmitting and receiving end vary from line characteristic impedance to low-impedance values, the power loss (signal-to-noise ratio) is about 0.35 dB/Ω. On the contrary, for an increase in the terminal impedances by 100 Ω above line characteristic impedance, the power loss is 0.23 dB/Ω. When the branch terminal impedances are close to short or open circuits, OFDM techniques show degraded performance. This situation is also observed when the number of branches increases. It is shown that to overcome degraded network performance, the concatenated Reed-Solomon codes/ interleaved Viterbi methods can be used, which could be used for an efficient design of the BPLC system that uses OFDM techniques. © 2009 IEEE.	Branched network; Broadband communication; Concatenated coding; Convolution codes; Impulse noise; Interleaved coding; Multipath channels; Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM); Power-line communication; Reed-Solomon codes	Branched network; Broadband communication; Concatenated coding; Convolution codes; Interleaved coding; Multipath channels; Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM); Power-line communication; Acoustic signal processing; Cables; Communication; Convolution; Decoding; Impulse noise; Multipath propagation; Multiplexing; Network performance; Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing; Reed-Solomon codes; Signal to noise ratio; Systems engineering; Underground cables; Telecommunication systems	None
None	None	Performance analysis of MC-SS for the indoor BPLC systems	Anatory J.	2011	World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology	51	None	None	School of Virtual education, College of Informatics and Virtual Education, University of Dodoma, Tanzania	Anatory, J., School of Virtual education, College of Informatics and Virtual Education, University of Dodoma, Tanzania	power-line networks are promise infrastructure for broadband services provision to end users. However, the network performance is affected by stochastic channel changing which is due to load impedances, number of branches and branched line lengths. It has been proposed that multi-carrier modulations techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), Multi-Carrier Spread Spectrum (MC-SS), wavelet OFDM can be used in such environment. This paper investigates the performance of different indoor topologies of power-line networks that uses MC-SS modulation scheme.It is observed that when a branch is added in the link between sending and receiving end of an indoor channel an average of 2.5dB power loss is found. In additional, when the branch is added at a node an average of 1dB power loss is found. Additionally when the terminal impedances of the branch change from line characteristic impedance to impedance either higher or lower values the channel performances were tremendously improved. For example changing terminal load from characteristic impedance (85 Ω) to 5 Ω the signal to noise ratio (SNR) required to attain the same performances were decreased from 37dB to 24dB respectively. Also, changing the terminal load from channel characteristic impedance (85 Ω) to very higher impedance (1600 Ω) the SNR required to maintain the same performances were decreased from 37dB to 23dB. The result concludes that MC-SS performs better compared with OFDM techniques in all aspects and especially when the channel is terminated in either higher or lower impedances.	Branched network; Broadband power-line communication; Communication channel model; Delay spread; Impulsive noise; Load impedance; MC-SS; OFDM	Branched network; Delay spread; Load impedance; MC-SS; Power line communications (PLC); Impulse noise; Modulation; Network performance; Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing; Signal to noise ratio	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899795687	Evaluation of the mosquitocidal effect of Birbira (Mellitia ferruginea) seed extract against Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) from Ethiopia	Andemo A., Yewhalaw D., Alemayehu B., Ambelu A.	2014	Acta Tropica	136	1	10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.04.016	Bench Maji Zonal Health Department, Federal Ministry of Health, Bench Maji Zone, Ethiopia; Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Bench Maji Zonal Health Department, Federal Ministry of Health, Bench Maji Zone, Ethiopia; Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Andemo, A., Bench Maji Zonal Health Department, Federal Ministry of Health, Bench Maji Zone, Ethiopia; Yewhalaw, D., Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Alemayehu, B., Bench Maji Zonal Health Department, Federal Ministry of Health, Bench Maji Zone, Ethiopia; Ambelu, A., Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Mosquito control using insecticides has been the most successful intervention known to reduce malaria prevalence and/or incidence. However, over time success has been hampered due to the development of resistance by mosquitoes against chemical insecticides recommended for public health use. Development of effective botanical mosquitocidal compounds however can be potential alternatives tool in malaria vector control. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating the mosquitocidal effect of "Birbira" (Mellitia ferruginea) seed extract against the primary malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis from Ethiopia. The mosquitocidal activity of M. ferruginea was assessed following WHO susceptibility test procedure. Methanol extract of M. ferruginea seeds was evaluated against third &amp; fourth instar larvae, pupae and, non-blood fed 3-5 days old laboratory strains and field populations of A. arabiensis under laboratory condition. Mortality was then recorded after 24h exposure. The seed extract of M. ferruginea showed high mosquitocidal activity against larvae, pupae and adult stages of both the laboratory strain and field population of A. arabiensis. The LC50 values for larvae and pupae population from a laboratory strains was, respectively, 14.7 and 41.33mg/L. While the LC50 values for the larvae and a pupa of the field population were, respectively, 30.88 and 74.54mg/L. In addition, the LC99 and LD99 values were also identified. The findings of this study indicated that, the extract could be applied on mosquito breeding sites. The plant extract could be also used for indoor residual sprays after conducting the persistency test. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Bioassay; Botanicals; Ethiopia; Malaria; Mosquito; Vector control	insecticide; Mellitia ferruginea extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; insecticide; plant extract; bioassay; disease control; disease vector; efficiency measurement; insecticide; malaria; mosquito; pesticide resistance; Anopheles arabiensis; article; berry; botany; controlled study; Ethiopia; evaluation research; IC 50; insecticidal activity; larval stage; malaria; Mellitia ferruginea; mortality; nonhuman; parasite vector; plant seed; pupa (life cycle stage); toxicity testing; animal; Anopheles; chemistry; drug effects; Fabaceae; Ethiopia; Animals; Anopheles; Fabaceae; Insecticides; Plant Extracts; Seeds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649240274	Soil suitability evaluation and management for cassava production in the derived savanna area of southwestern Nigeria	Ande O.T.	2011	International Journal of Soil Science	6	2	10.3923/rjss.2011.142.149	Institute of Agriculture Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ande, O.T., Institute of Agriculture Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ibadan, Nigeria	The experiment was carried out at Ilaju village in the derived savanna area of South Western Nigeria to evaluate the suitability of the soil for long term cassava production in order to extrapolate to similar soils in the region. Critical nutrient requirement for cassava were collected from past research works. Soil survey was done which on the area to collect soil samples which were analysed and compared with the critical nutrient levels. Three soil series were identified which are Apomu, Gbemi and Matako series. These were classified as Dystric arenosols, Plinthic Ferrasols and Dystric Fluvisols, respectively. The suitability evaluation shows that Dystric arenosols is moderately suitable due to its low nutrient with CEC of 3.92 cmol kg1. The Plinthic Ferrasols is marginally suitable because of its high gravel content and shallow depth (39 cm). Dystric Fluvisols is not suitable due to its seasonal high water table and low CEC (3.48 cmol kg1). Soil management recommendation includes use of organic fertilizer, mulching and leguminous cover cops to enhance soil quality. © 2011 Academic Journals Inc.	Controlled land use; Nutrient requirement for cassava; Soil management; Soil suitability evaluation shallow soil depth; Sustainable production	Arenosol; cassava; cover crop; crop production; Fluvisol; land evaluation; legume; manure; mulching; savanna; soil improvement; soil nutrient; soil quality; soil survey; sustainability; water table; Nigeria; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-64549102881	Integrated monitoring of water allocation reform in South Africa	Anderson A.J., Mahlangu M.S., Cullis J., Swartz S.	2009	Water SA	34	6	None	Independent Researcher, London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Management, LSE, Houghton Street, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom; Manager, Water Allocation Directorate, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Private Bag, X313, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Independent Researcher, University of Colorado at Boulder and Ninham Shand Consulting Services, 81 Church Street, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa; GIS technician, Ninham Shand Consulting Services, 81 Church Street, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa	Anderson, A.J., Independent Researcher, London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Management, LSE, Houghton Street, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom; Mahlangu, M.S., Manager, Water Allocation Directorate, Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Private Bag, X313, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Cullis, J., Independent Researcher, University of Colorado at Boulder and Ninham Shand Consulting Services, 81 Church Street, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa; Swartz, S., GIS technician, Ninham Shand Consulting Services, 81 Church Street, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa	South Africa faces significant inequities in the allocation of water for productive purposes. Water allocation is one component of a wider government mandate to address the inequities of the past. Water allocation reform is being implemented by the South African Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF), through the Water Allocation Reform (WAR) Programme. This paper presents an approach for determining indicators that can be used to monitor targets for WAR and for prioritising areas for specific WAR interventions. The approach integrates water use data with environmental, economic and equity data to provide a holistic picture of the progress and benefits of WAR. Limitations of the approach are discussed, specifically related to the data on which the indicators are based. The development of data for the equity indicator presents specific challenges which are discussed through examples from its application in four case study areas.	Equity; Indicators; Monitoring; South Africa; Water allocation reform	Department of water affairs and forestries; Equity; Indicators; Integrated monitoring; South Africa; Study areas; Water allocation reform; Water use; Agriculture; Water supply; Military operations; equity; resource allocation; water management; water planning; water use; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957359126	The IOC international harmful algal bloom program: History and science impacts	Anderson D.M., Reguera B., Pitcher G.C., Enevoldsen H.O.	2010	Oceanography	23	3	None	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States; Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Vigo, Spain; Marine and Coastal Management, Rogge Bay, Cape Town, South Africa; IOC Science and Communication Centre on Harmful Algae, Department of Biology, Botanical Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark	Anderson, D.M., Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States; Reguera, B., Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Vigo, Spain; Pitcher, G.C., Marine and Coastal Management, Rogge Bay, Cape Town, South Africa; Enevoldsen, H.O., IOC Science and Communication Centre on Harmful Algae, Department of Biology, Botanical Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark	Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have become an important subdiscipline within oceanography. Heightened attention to this topic as well as significant research advances reflect the lobal nature of the problem and the development of strong national and international programs for HAB research and management. The planning, communication, coordination, and capacity-building activities of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) have been a key actor in this growth. Here, we highlight selected advances in science and management capacity or HABs and document the impressive growth of the field in the context of activities supported directly or indirectly by IOC. As we look to the future, the field has significant momentum and stability. Nevertheless, it will require scientific guidance and coordination going forward. With an appropriate commitment of resources from member states, the IOC HAB program can continue to be a major factor in the sustained growth of this important cientific discipline and its delivery of improved observation and management systems. © 2010 by The Oceanography Society.	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000341361700026	The Public Health Impact of Training Physicians to Become Obstetricians and Gynecologists in Ghana	Anderson, Frank W. J.,Boothman, Erika L.,Obed, Samuel A.,Opare-Ado, Henry	2014	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH	104	None	10.2105/AJPH.2013.301581	University of Ghana, University of Michigan, University of Michigan System, Kwame Nkrumah University Science & Technology, Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol	"Anderson, Frank W. J.: University of Michigan","Anderson, Frank W. J.: University of Michigan System","Boothman, Erika L.: University of Michigan","Boothman, Erika L.: University of Michigan System","Obed, Samuel A.: University of Ghana",	Objectives. We assessed the public health effect of creating and sustaining obstetrics and gynecology postgraduate training in Ghana, established in 1989 to reverse low repatriation of physicians trained abroad. Methods. All 85 certified graduates of 2 Ghanaian university-based postgraduate training programs from program initiation in 1989 through June 2010 were identified and eligible for this study. Of these, 7 were unable to be contacted, inaccessible, declined participation, or deceased. Results. Of the graduates, 83 provide clinical services in Ghana and work in 33 sites in 8 of 10 regions; 15% were the first obstetrician and gynecologist at their facility, 25% hold clinical leadership positions, 50% practice in teaching hospitals, and 14% serve as academic faculty. Conclusions. Creating capacity for university-based postgraduate training in obstetrics and gynecology is effective and sustainable for a comprehensive global approach to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Policies to support training and research capacity in obstetrics and gynecology are an integral part of a long-term national plan for maternal health.	,AFRICA,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,MODEL,POSTGRADUATE,PROGRAM,RETENTION	None	None
None	None	Evaluation of cervical cancer screening programs in Côte d'Ivoire, Guyana, and Tanzania: Effect of HIV status	Anderson J., Wysong M., Estep D., Besana G., Kibwana S., Varallo J., Sun K., Lu E.	2015	PLoS ONE	10	9	10.1371/journal.pone.0139242	Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States; Jhpiego, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Jhpiego/Tanzania, Johns Hopkins University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Anderson, J., Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States; Wysong, M., Jhpiego, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Estep, D., Jhpiego, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Besana, G., Jhpiego/Tanzania, Johns Hopkins University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kibwana, S., Jhpiego, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Varallo, J., Jhpiego, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Sun, K., Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States; Lu, E., Jhpiego, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States	Background: HIV infection increases a woman's risk for cervical cancer, and cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates are higher in countries with high HIV prevalence and limited resources for screening. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) allows screening and treatment of cervical lesions in a single-visit approach (SVA), but data on its performance in HIV-infected women are limited. This study's objective was to examine cervical cancer screening using VIA/SVA in programs serving HIV-infected women. Methods: A VIA/SVA program with cryotherapy for VIA-positive lesions was implemented in Côte d'Ivoire, Guyana, and Tanzania from 2009 to 2012. The effect of HIV status on VIA positivity and on presence of cryotherapy-eligible lesions was examined using a cross-sectional study design, with Chi-square tests for comparisons and constructed multivariate logistic regression models. A P-value of < 0.05 was significant. Findings: VIA was performed on 34,921 women, 10% (3,580) were VIA positive; 2,508 (85%) eligible women received cryotherapy during the same visit; only 234 (52%) of those who postponed returned for treatment; 622 (17%) VIA-positive women had lesions too large to be treated with cryotherapy and were referred for excisional treatment. In multivariate analysis-controlling for HIV status, location of the screening clinic, facility location, facility type, and country-compared to HIV-uninfected/unknown women, HIV-infected women had higher odds of being VIA positive (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.76, 2.16, P<0.0001) and of having large lesions requiring referral (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.49, 2.51, P< 0.0001). Minor treatment complications occurred in 19 of 3,032 (0.63%) women; none required further intervention. Conclusions: This study found that compared to HIV-uninfected/unknown women, HIV-infected women had nearly twice the odds of being VIA-positive and to require referral for large lesions. SVA was safe and resulted in significant reductions in loss to follow-up. There is increased need for excisional treatment in countries with high HIV prevalence. © 2015 Anderson et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.	None	adult; Article; cancer screening; clinical effectiveness; clinical evaluation; cryotherapy; female; health care facility; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; rural area; screening test; Tanzania; treatment response; urban area; uterine cervix cancer	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929208462	The fishery performance indicators: A management tool for triple bottom line outcomes	Anderson J.L., Anderson C.M., Chu J., Meredith J., Asche F., Sylvia G., Smith M.D., Anggraeni D., Arthur R., Guttormsen A., McCluney J.K., Ward T., Akpalu W., Eggert H., Flores J., Freeman M.A., Holland D.S., Knapp G., Kobayashi M., Larkin S., MacLauchlin	2015	PLoS ONE	10	5	10.1371/journal.pone.0122809	Institute for Global Food Systems, University of Florida, PO Box 110240, Gainesville, FL, United States; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA, United States; World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Economics, University of Washington, Box 353330, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Industrial Economics, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway; Marine Resource Economics, Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, 2030 Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR, United States; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, NC, United States; Sustainable Fisheries Partnership, JL. Palem Putri IX/NO. 1, Taman Yasmin V, Bogor, Indonesia; MRAG Ltd., 18 Queen Street, London, United Kingdom; Department of Economics and Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway; South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI) - Aquatic Sciences, PO Box 120, Henley Beach, SA, Australia; United Nations University-World Institute for Development Economics Research, C/O Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research (ISSER), University of Ghana, P.O BOX LG 74, Legon, Ghana; Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Sustainable Fisheries Partnership, Block1, #5 El Rio Vista Phase 5, Davao City, Philippines; Department of Agricultural Economics, Mississippi State University, PO Box 5187, Mississippi State, MS, United States; Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Centre, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd, Seattle, WA, United States; Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK, United States; Environment and Natural Resource Management, The World Bank, 1818 H St. NW, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Florida, PO Box 110240, Gainesville, FL, United States; South Atlantic Fishery Management Council, 4055 Faber Place Dr., Suite 201, North Charleston, SC, United States; School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, United States; Marine Economic Development, Level 1 83-85 Victoria Rd, Devonport, Aukland, New Zealand; University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics, University of Rhode Island, 205 Kingston Coastal Institute, One Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI, United States	Anderson, J.L., Institute for Global Food Systems, University of Florida, PO Box 110240, Gainesville, FL, United States; Anderson, C.M., School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA, United States; Chu, J., World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC, United States; Meredith, J., Department of Economics, University of Washington, Box 353330, Seattle, WA, United States; Asche, F., Department of Industrial Economics, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway; Sylvia, G., Marine Resource Economics, Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, 2030 Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR, United States; Smith, M.D., Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, NC, United States; Anggraeni, D., Sustainable Fisheries Partnership, JL. Palem Putri IX/NO. 1, Taman Yasmin V, Bogor, Indonesia; Arthur, R., MRAG Ltd., 18 Queen Street, London, United Kingdom; Guttormsen, A., Department of Economics and Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway; McCluney, J.K., School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA, United States; Ward, T., South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI) - Aquatic Sciences, PO Box 120, Henley Beach, SA, Australia; Akpalu, W., United Nations University-World Institute for Development Economics Research, C/O Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research (ISSER), University of Ghana, P.O BOX LG 74, Legon, Ghana; Eggert, H., Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Flores, J., Sustainable Fisheries Partnership, Block1, #5 El Rio Vista Phase 5, Davao City, Philippines; Freeman, M.A., Department of Agricultural Economics, Mississippi State University, PO Box 5187, Mississippi State, MS, United States; Holland, D.S., Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Centre, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd, Seattle, WA, United States; Knapp, G., Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK, United States; Kobayashi, M., Environment and Natural Resource Management, The World Bank, 1818 H St. NW, Washington, DC, United States; Larkin, S., Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Florida, PO Box 110240, Gainesville, FL, United States; MacLauchlin, K., South Atlantic Fishery Management Council, 4055 Faber Place Dr., Suite 201, North Charleston, SC, United States; Schnier, K., School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, University of California Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, United States; Soboil, M., Marine Economic Development, Level 1 83-85 Victoria Rd, Devonport, Aukland, New Zealand; Tveteras, S., University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway; Uchida, H., Department of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics, University of Rhode Island, 205 Kingston Coastal Institute, One Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI, United States; Valderrama, D., Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Florida, PO Box 110240, Gainesville, FL, United States	Pursuit of the triple bottom line of economic, community and ecological sustainability has increased the complexity of fishery management; fisheries assessments require new types of data and analysis to guide science-based policy in addition to traditional biological information and modeling.We introduce the Fishery Performance Indicators (FPIs), a broadly applicable and flexible tool for assessing performance in individual fisheries, and for establishing cross-sectional links between enabling conditions, management strategies and triple bottom line outcomes. Conceptually separating measures of performance, the FPIs use 68 individual outcome metrics-coded on a 1 to 5 scale based on expert assessment to facilitate application to data poor fisheries and sectors-that can be partitioned into sectorbased or triple-bottom-line sustainability-based interpretative indicators. Variation among outcomes is explained with 54 similarly structured metrics of inputs, management approaches and enabling conditions. Using 61 initial fishery case studies drawn from industrial and developing countries around the world, we demonstrate the inferential importance of tracking economic and community outcomes, in addition to resource status. © 2015, Public Library of Science. All rights reserved.	None	Article; ecology; economic aspect; environmental aspects and related phenomena; environmental factor; environmental sanitation; environmental sustainability; exogenous environmental factor; fish stock; fishery; fishery management; Fishery Performance Indicator; general environmental performance; harvest sector performance; human rights; post harvest sector performance; triple bottom line	USAID, United States Agency for International Development
Scopus	2-s2.0-34249336446	The impacts of sustained heavy grazing on plant diversity and composition in lowland and upland habitats across the Kamiesberg mountain range in the Succulent Karoo, South Africa	Anderson P.M.L., Hoffman M.T.	2007	Journal of Arid Environments	70	4	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.05.017	Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Anderson, P.M.L., Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Hoffman, M.T., Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	This study explored the impacts of sustained heavy grazing in six vegetation types across an altitudinal and rainfall gradient in the Kamiesberg mountain range in Namaqualand. The study was carried out across the fence separating the Leliefontein communal area and surrounding privately owned farms. The communal area has been stocked over decades at approximately twice the government recommended stocking rate, while adjacent privately owned farms have generally adhered to recommended rates. Plant community data were collected from 66, 0.1 ha modified Whittaker plots and analysed for diversity and compositional changes. Consideration of community-wide responses through NMDS ordination showed that heavy grazing did not result in the dominance of a few wide-spread, weedy species in communal areas. Species richness at the 0.1 ha scale was also not affected by different land use practices. However, there was a significant compositional shift away from large woody and succulent shrubs, and an associated increase in dwarf shrubs and herbaceous perennial plants on the communal areas. This shift was only evident on the sandy lowland habitats, while a reduction in perennial grass was recorded in the rocky upland habitats on the communal areas. Compositional shifts towards smaller and more ephemeral species in the communal area are indicative of a system more closely dependent on rainfall. This has implications for people's livelihoods in the region, particularly in light of predicted climate change. © 2006.	Communal areas; Grazing impacts; Plant composition; Succulent Karoo; Upland habitats	community structure; grazing; habitat type; lowland environment; plant community; species diversity; species richness; sustainability; upland region; vegetation type; Africa; Kamiesberge; Karoo; Namaqualand; Northern Cape; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957777259	Impacts of the Productive Safety Net Program in Ethiopia on livestock and tree holdings of rural households	Andersson C., Mekonnen A., Stage J.	2011	Journal of Development Economics	94	1	10.1016/j.jdeveco.2009.12.002	Department of Economics, Umeå University, SE 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Economics, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 640, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden	Andersson, C., Department of Economics, Umeå University, SE 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Mekonnen, A., Department of Economics, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Stage, J., Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 640, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden	We evaluated the impacts of the Ethiopian Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) on rural households' holdings of livestock and forest assets/trees. We found no indication that participation in PSNP induces households to disinvest in livestock or trees. In fact, households that participated in the program increased the number of trees planted, but there was no increase in their livestock holdings. We found no strong evidence that the PSNP protects livestock in times of shock. Shocks appear to lead households to disinvest in livestock, but not in trees. Our results suggest that there is increased forestry activity as a result of PSNP, and that improved credit access encourages households to increase their livestock holdings. © 2009 Elsevier B.V.	Ethiopia; Livestock; Safety nets; Trees	forestry production; household expenditure; livestock; participatory approach; rural economy; rural finance; rural society; social security; Ethiopia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879405000	Evaluation of sequence ambiguities of the HIV-1 pol gene as a method to identify recent HIV-1 infection in transmitted drug resistance surveys	Andersson E., Shao W., Bontell I., Cham F., Cuong D.D., Wondwossen A., Morris L., Hunt G., Sönnerborg A., Bertagnolio S., Maldarelli F., Jordan M.R.	2013	Infection, Genetics and Evolution	18	None	10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.050	Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden; Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden; World Health Organization, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Infectious Diseases, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam, Viet Nam; Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Center for HIV and STI, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States	Andersson, E., Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden; Shao, W., Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States; Bontell, I., Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden; Cham, F., World Health Organization, Harare, Zimbabwe; Cuong, D.D., Department of Infectious Diseases, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam, Viet Nam; Wondwossen, A., Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Morris, L., Center for HIV and STI, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Hunt, G., Center for HIV and STI, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sönnerborg, A., Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Huddinge, Sweden; Bertagnolio, S., World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Maldarelli, F., National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States; Jordan, M.R., Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States	Identification of recent HIV infection within populations is a public health priority for accurate estimation of HIV incidence rates and transmitted drug resistance at population level. Determining HIV incidence rates by prospective follow-up of HIV-uninfected individuals is challenging and serological assays have important limitations. HIV diversity within an infected host increases with duration of infection. We explore a simple bioinformatics approach to assess viral diversity by determining the percentage of ambiguous base calls in sequences derived from standard genotyping of HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase. Sequences from 691 recently infected (≤1. year) and chronically infected (>1. year) individuals from Sweden, Vietnam and Ethiopia were analyzed for ambiguity. A significant difference (. p<. 0.0001) in the proportion of ambiguous bases was observed between sequences from individuals with recent and chronic infection in both HIV-1 subtype B and non-B infection, consistent with previous studies. In our analysis, a cutoff of <0.47% ambiguous base calls identified recent infection with a sensitivity and specificity of 88.8% and 74.6% respectively. 1,728 protease and reverse transcriptase sequences from 36 surveys of transmitted HIV drug resistance performed following World Health Organization guidance were analyzed for ambiguity. The 0.47% ambiguity cutoff was applied and survey sequences were classified as likely derived from recently or chronically infected individuals. 71% of patients were classified as likely to have been infected within one year of genotyping but results varied considerably amongst surveys. This bioinformatics approach may provide supporting population-level information to identify recent infection but its application is limited by infection with more than one viral variant, decreasing viral diversity in advanced disease and technical aspects of population based sequencing. Standardization of sequencing techniques and base calling and the addition of other parameters such as CD4 cell count may address some of the technical limitations and increase the usefulness of the approach. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Ambiguity; Bioinformatics; HIV; Incidence; Resistance; Viral diversity	Human immunodeficiency virus proteinase; Pol protein; RNA directed DNA polymerase; ambiguity; article; bioinformatics; controlled study; disease duration; Ethiopia; feasibility study; female; follow up; gene sequence; genotype; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; incidence; major clinical study; male; practice guideline; priority journal; prospective study; sensitivity and specificity; species diversity; structural gene; Sweden; Viet Nam; virus identification; virus transmission; world health organization; Ambiguity; Bioinformatics; HIV; Incidence; Resistance; Viral diversity; Chronic Disease; Databases, Genetic; Drug Resistance, Viral; Female; Genes, pol; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Human immunodeficiency virus 1	K23 AIO74423-05, NIH, National Institutes of Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-34848910202	Predicting the impact of a partially effective HIV vaccine and subsequent risk behavior change on the heterosexual HIV epidemic in low- and middle-income countries: A South African example	Andersson K.M., Owens D.K., Vardas E., Gray G.E., McIntyre J.A., Paltiel A.D.	2007	Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes	46	1	10.1097/QAI.0b013e31812506fd	Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Center for Health Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, School of Medicine, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, United States	Andersson, K.M., Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, School of Medicine, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Owens, D.K., Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States, Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Center for Health Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Vardas, E., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Gray, G.E., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; McIntyre, J.A., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Paltiel, A.D., Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States	We developed a mathematical model to simulate the impact of various partially effective preventive HIV vaccination scenarios in a population at high risk for heterosexually transmitted HIV. We considered an adult population defined by gender (male/female), disease stage (HIV-negative, HIV-positive, AIDS, and death), and vaccination status (unvaccinated/vaccinated) in Soweto, South Africa. Input data included initial HIV prevalence of 20% (women) and 12% (men), vaccination coverage of 75%, and exclusive male negotiation of condom use. We explored how changes in vaccine efficacy and postvaccination condom use would affect HIV prevalence and total HIV infections prevented over a 10-year period. In the base-case scenario, a 40% effective HIV vaccine would avert 61,000 infections and reduce future HIV prevalence from 20% to 13%. A 25% increase (or decrease) in condom use among vaccinated individuals would instead avert 75,000 (or only 46,000) infections and reduce the HIV prevalence to 12% (or only 15%). Furthermore, certain combinations of increased risk behavior and vaccines with <43% efficacy could worsen the epidemic. Even modestly effective HIV vaccines can confer enormous benefits in terms of HIV infections averted and decreased HIV prevalence. However, programs to reduce risk behavior may be important components of successful vaccination campaigns. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.	Africa; AIDS vaccines; Condoms; Heterosexual transmission; Mathematical models; Models/projections; Sexual behavior	Human immunodeficiency virus vaccine; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adolescent; adult; article; behavior change; condom; death; drug efficacy; female; gender; heterosexuality; high risk population; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; income; major clinical study; male; mathematical model; prevalence; priority journal; risk; South Africa; vaccination; AIDS Vaccines; Computer Simulation; Condoms; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Models, Biological; Risk Factors; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sex Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Time Factors; Unsafe Sex	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750442908	Impact of climate change and development scenarios on flow patterns in the Okavango River	Andersson L., Wilk J., Todd M.C., Hughes D.A., Earle A., Kniveton D., Layberry R., Savenije H.H.G.	2006	Journal of Hydrology	331	42371	10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.039	Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, SE-601 76 Norrköping, Sweden; Department of Water and Environmental Studies, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Geography, University College of London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, United Kingdom; Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; AWIRU, University of Pretoria, Suite 17, P/Bag X1, Vlaeberg 8018, South Africa; University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN 1 9 QJ, United Kingdom; Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands	Andersson, L., Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, SE-601 76 Norrköping, Sweden; Wilk, J., Department of Water and Environmental Studies, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; Todd, M.C., Department of Geography, University College of London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, United Kingdom; Hughes, D.A., Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Earle, A., AWIRU, University of Pretoria, Suite 17, P/Bag X1, Vlaeberg 8018, South Africa; Kniveton, D., University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN 1 9 QJ, United Kingdom; Layberry, R., University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN 1 9 QJ, United Kingdom; Savenije, H.H.G., Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands	This paper lays the foundation for the use of scenario modelling as a tool for integrated water resource management in the Okavango River basin. The Pitman hydrological model is used to assess the impact of various development and climate change scenarios on downstream river flow. The simulated impact on modelled river discharge of increased water use for domestic use, livestock, and informal irrigation (proportional to expected population increase) is very limited. Implementation of all likely potential formal irrigation schemes mentioned in available reports is expected to decrease the annual flow by 2% and the minimum monthly flow by 5%. The maximum possible impact of irrigation on annual average flow is estimated as 8%, with a reduction of minimum monthly flow by 17%. Deforestation of all areas within a 1 km buffer around the rivers is estimated to increase the flow by 6%. However, construction of all potential hydropower reservoirs in the basin may change the monthly mean flow distribution dramatically, although under the assumed operational rules, the impact of the dams is only substantial during wet years. The simulated impacts of climate change are considerable larger that those of the development scenarios (with exception of the high development scenario of hydropower schemes) although the results are sensitive to the choice of GCM and the IPCC SRES greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios. The annual mean water flow predictions for the period 2020-2050 averaged over scenarios from all the four GCMs used in this study are close to the present situation for both the A2 and B2 GHG scenarios. For the 2050-2080 and 2070-2099 periods the all-GCM mean shows a flow decrease of 20% (14%) and 26% (17%), respectively, for the A2 (B2) GHG scenarios. However, the uncertainty in the magnitude of simulated future changes remains high. The simulated effect of climate change on minimum monthly flow is proportionally higher than the impact on the annual mean flow. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Climate change; Hydrological modelling; Okavango; River basin; Scenarios; Water resources development	Climate change; Discharge (fluid mechanics); Flow of water; Flow patterns; Mathematical models; River basin projects; Annual mean flow; Hydrological modeling; River basin; Water resources development; Water resources; Climate change; Discharge (fluid mechanics); Flow of water; Flow patterns; Mathematical models; River basin projects; Water resources; climate change; deforestation; development strategy; flow pattern; greenhouse gas; hydrological modeling; resource management; river discharge; river flow; water resource; Africa; Okavango Basin; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934987551	Chemical exposure reduction: Factors impacting on South African herbicide sprayers' personal protective equipment compliance and high risk work practices	Andrade-Rivas F., Rother H.-A.	2015	Environmental Research	142	None	10.1016/j.envres.2015.05.028	Environmental Health Division and oCentre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, South Africa; Universidad El Bosque, Research Vice-rectoray, Bogotá, Colombia	Andrade-Rivas, F., Environmental Health Division and oCentre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, South Africa, Universidad El Bosque, Research Vice-rectoray, Bogotá, Colombia; Rother, H.-A., Environmental Health Division and oCentre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, South Africa	The high exposure risks of workers to herbicides in low- and middle-income countries is an important public health concern because of the potential resulting negative impacts on workers' health. This study investigated workers' personal protective equipment (PPE) compliance as a risk mitigation measure; particularly workers who apply herbicides for Working for Water (WfW) - a South African invasive alien vegetation control programme. The study aim was to understand workers' low PPE compliance by analysing their risk perceptions of herbicide use, working conditions and socio-cultural context. Research methods included ethnographic observations, informal interviews, visual media, questionnaires and a focus group. Study results indicated that low PPE compliance persists despite workers' awareness of herbicide exposure risks and as a result of the influence from workers' socio-cultural context (i.e. gender dynamics and social status), herbicide risk perceptions and working conditions (i.e. environmental and logistical). Interestingly, teams comprised of mostly women had the highest compliance rate. These findings highlighted that given the complexity of PPE compliance, especially in countries with several economic and social constraints, exposure reduction interventions should not rely solely on PPE use promotion. Instead, other control strategies requiring less worker input for effectiveness should be implemented, such as elimination and substitution of highly hazardous pesticides, and altering application methods. © 2015 The Authors.	Gender; Personal protective equipment (PPE) compliance; Pesticide risk management; Pesticides; Risk perception	herbicide; herbicide; compliance; health risk; herbicide; invasive species; pollution exposure; public health; risk assessment; risk perception; Article; awareness; control strategy; ethnography; female; gender; harm reduction; high risk behavior; human; male; mental compliance; normal human; occupational exposure; occupational hazard; occupational health; occupational safety; pesticide spraying; priority journal; protective equipment; questionnaire; research; risk assessment; risk reduction; social class; social status; South African; work environment; agricultural worker; analysis; occupational exposure; practice guideline; prevention and control; psychology; risk management; sex difference; social aspects and related phenomena; South Africa; standards; South Africa; Farmers; Female; Guideline Adherence; Herbicides; Humans; Male; Occupational Exposure; Personal Protective Equipment; Risk Management; Risk Reduction Behavior; Sex Factors; Sociological Factors; South Africa; Surveys and Questionnaires	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81755161578	Influence of goal striving and commitment on sport performance among rehabilitated injured amateur football players in Ibadan, Oyo State	Andrew Olu F.	2011	European Journal of Scientific Research	64	2	None	Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Andrew Olu, F., Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Injuries in sport such as in football are driven by several factors as the lack and/or improper physical preparation, violence and harsh playing style of the opponents, consideration for other psychological profile need to be given attention. Some notable researchers like Williams ,Rotella, Scherzer, have reported that psychological factors contribute to occurrences of injuries in sports. Athletes experience loss after an injury, not only do they lose physical capability, they also lose salient parts of their self. This paper focused on influence of goal striving and Commitment on sport performance of rehabilitated injured amateur football players in Ibadan The research instrument for this study was a modified standardized version of Self Motivation Inventory (SMI). with a reliability coefficient of 0.93. The data collected was analyzed using inferential statistics of Chi square (X2) to test the formulated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result revealed the amateur football players need automatic back up by the government to provide them with necessary medical treatment when injured during competition. It is therefore suggested that Government should mandate sports clubs to care for players through the provision of social welfare services. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2011.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866924370	Projecting the benefits of antiretroviral therapy for HIV prevention: The impact of population mobility and linkage to care	Andrews J.R., Wood R., Bekker L.-G., Middelkoop K., Walensky R.P.	2012	Journal of Infectious Diseases	206	4	10.1093/infdis/jis401	Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States; Harvard University Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Institute for Global Health, Cambridge, MA, United States; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Andrews, J.R., Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Wood, R., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Bekker, L.-G., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Middelkoop, K., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Walensky, R.P., Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Boston, MA 02114, United States, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States, Harvard University Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Institute for Global Health, Cambridge, MA, United States	Background. Recent mathematical models suggested that frequent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing with immediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to individuals with a positive test result could profoundly curb transmission. The debate about ART as prevention has focused largely on parameter values.We aimed to evaluate structural assumptions regarding linkage to care and population mobility, which have received less attention. Methods. We modified the linkage structure of published models of ART as prevention, such that individuals who decline initial testing or treatment do not link to care until late-stage HIV infection. We then added population mobility to the models. We populated the models with demographic, clinical, immigration, emigration, and linkage data from a South African township. Results. In the refined linkage model, elimination of HIV transmission (defined as an incidence of <0.1%) did not occur by 30 years, even with optimistic assumptions about the linkage rate. Across a wide range of estimates, models were more sensitive to structural assumptions about linkage than to parameter values. Incorporating population mobility further attenuated the reduction in incidence conferred by ART as prevention. Conclusions. Linkage to care and population mobility are critical features of ART-as-prevention models. Clinical trials should incorporate relevant data on linkage to care and migration to evaluate the impact of this strategy. © The Author 2012.	None	antiretrovirus agent; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; article; demography; health care; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immigration; morbidity; population migration; priority journal; sensitivity analysis; virus transmission; adolescent; disease transmission; health care delivery; highly active antiretroviral therapy; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; methodology; migration; patient attitude; South Africa; theoretical model; Adolescent; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Disease Transmission, Infectious; Emigration and Immigration; Health Services Accessibility; HIV Infections; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873350859	Statistical analysis of the performance of microfinance institutions: The Ethiopian case	Anduanbessa T.	2009	Savings and Development	33	2	None	Bank of Abyssinia S.C., Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Anduanbessa, T., Bank of Abyssinia S.C., Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Nowadays governments and many development agents pay great attention to the development of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) with the belief that they are able to alleviate poverty in a very shot time. This paper tried to give statistical insight in measuring the performance of MFIs in Ethiopia and the determinants of their performance. A cross-sectional data from 2006 fiscal calendar balance sheet of 26 MFIs in the country is used to carry out the study. Factor analysis (FA) of performance indicators revealed that the deposit mobilized from clients, the number of active borrowers, and the gross loan portfolio load high on one component, establishing the outreach performance dimension of the MFIs in the country. On the other hand, profit margin, OSS, return on asset and gross loan portfolio-to-total asset ratio load high on the other component, establishing the financial sustainability dimension. In order to identify the determinants of the performance of the MFIs, a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model was fitted on the outreach and sustainability dimension scores synthesized by FA. The number/ types of financial services rendered, the number of staff per branch and their capital are found to determine the outreach performance of the MFIs in the country. It was also noted that capital has an adverse impact on the outreach efforts of the MFIs. Moreover, the financial viability of the MFIs is found to be highly determined by the average amount of loans disbursed to individuals, the financial revenue ratio and the cost per borrower ratio.	Factor analysis (FA); Microfinance Institutions (MFIs); Outreach; Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model; Sustainability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928041804	Hydrocarbon pollution in the Niger Delta: Geographies of impacts and appraisal of lapses in extant legal framework	Anejionu O.C.D., Ahiarammunnah P.-A., Nri-ezedi C.J.	2015	Resources Policy	45	None	10.1016/j.resourpol.2015.03.012	Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, United Kingdom; Nigerian Law School, Augustine Nnamani Campus, Agbani, Enugu, Nigeria; Nri-Ezedi's Chambers, Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria	Anejionu, O.C.D., Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, United Kingdom; Ahiarammunnah, P.-A., Nigerian Law School, Augustine Nnamani Campus, Agbani, Enugu, Nigeria; Nri-ezedi, C.J., Nri-Ezedi's Chambers, Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria	The Niger Delta is home to the third largest mangrove forest in the world, endowed with extensive freshwater swamp and tropical rain forests, which are rich in unique biological diversity. However, the region has experienced a wide range of environmental pollution and degradation as a result of decadal extraction of its huge hydrocarbon reserves. Despite the financial benefits accruing from hydrocarbon export, it has raised serious environmental concerns in the region. The pollution has heavily impacted on the ecosystem and health of the inhabitants. Prominent among the hydrocarbon-induced pollution include oil spill, gas flaring, and pipeline explosions. Over 10,000 oil spill and pipeline explosion incidents have been recorded and more than 350 billion cubic metres of gas have been flared in the region in the last 14 years. These have caused huge human and material losses in addition to environmental degradation and poor air quality. The region's ecosystem has therefore been declared one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world. This paper reviewed past and current research on the impact of pollutions from oil and gas exploitation activities, alongside the history of hydrocarbon exploration in the region. It importantly outlined the geographies of the pollution, showing their magnitude and spatial spread to demonstrate how they may have impacted on the wellbeing of the inhabitants of the region. In addition, the paper reviewed lapses in the country's legal framework that has encouraged such practices harmful to the environment. It critically analysed the failure of the relevant legal framework in imposing responsible attitudes and behaviours on the oil and gas companies towards the environment. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Environmental pollution; Hydrocarbon pollution; Niger Delta; Oil and gas laws	Air quality; Ecology; Ecosystems; Environmental regulations; Forestry; Gas industry; Gases; Hydrocarbons; Oil shale; Oil spills; Petroleum prospecting; Pipelines; Public utilities; Endangered ecosystems; Environmental concerns; Environmental pollutions; Hydrocarbon exploration; Hydrocarbon pollution; Niger Delta; Oil and gas; Oil and gas companies; Pollution; environmental degradation; environmental impact; hydrocarbon exploration; legislation; pollution effect; Forests; Hydrocarbons; Mangrove; Pollution; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924207677	Evaluation of the separation energy penalty associated with low butanol concentration in the fermentation broth using entropy analysis	Aneke M., Görgens J.	2015	Fuel	150	None	10.1016/j.fuel.2015.02.073	Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; School of Engineering, University of Hull, United Kingdom	Aneke, M., Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa, School of Engineering, University of Hull, United Kingdom; Görgens, J., Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa	Three different separation configuration options namely: pure distillation (option A), gas stripping based (option B) and liquid-liquid extraction based (option C) for separating Acetone Butanol Ethanol (ABE) fermentation broth which contains low butanol concentration in the presence of butyric and acetic acid which is a characteristic of unsuccessful switching from acidogenesis to solventogenesis process during ABE fermentation were modelled using Aspen Plus simulation software and analysed using first and second law of thermodynamics. With the consideration of heat integration, the separation efficiency achieved by the gas stripping based option and the LLE based option were approximately the same (0.0558 and 0.0571 respectively) while that of the pure distillation based option was 0.0165. The second law analysis shows that the lowest entropy generation occurs in the gas stripping separation configuration, followed by the LLE option, then the pure distillation option. From the second law analysis, it was observed that the highest irreversibility occurs in the first distillation column of the pure distillation process. This is as a result of large quantity of water contained in the fermentation broth. It was found that reducing the quantity of water contained in the fermentation broth using either gas stripping or LLE operation drastically reduces the irreversibility or entropy generation in the process. Apart from water, the presence of acetic acid in the fermentation broth also poses a challenge due to the formation of butanol-acetic acid azeotrope. From this work, it was found that the excessive use of water for dilution of fermentation substrates in order to lower substrate inhibition and the unsuccessful shift from acidogenesis to solventogenesis during ABE fermentation operation poses a major energy penalty during fermentation product purification as the energy required to successfully separate the fermentation broth is far more than the energy content of butanol product obtained. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Distillation; Gas stripping; Liquid-liquid extraction; Second law analysis	Acetic acid; Acetone; Butyric acid; C (programming language); Computer software; Distillation; Distillation columns; Entropy; Fermentation; Gases; Liquids; pH; Separation; Solvent extraction; Substrates; Thermodynamics; Acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation; Fermentation products; Fermentation substrates; Gas stripping; Liquid-liquid extraction; Second law analysis; Second Law of Thermodynamics; Separation efficiency; Extraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952276682	Evaluation of initiation activity of dimethylarsinic acid: Initiation potential of rat hepatocarcinogenesis	Anetor J.I., Wanibuchi H., Wei M., Kakehsshi A., Kang J.S., Fukushima S.	2009	Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry	91	7	10.1080/02772240802560957	Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, JPN, Japan; Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Japan Bioassay Research Centre, Kanasawa, Japan	Anetor, J.I., Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, JPN, Japan, Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Wanibuchi, H., Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, JPN, Japan; Wei, M., Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, JPN, Japan; Kakehsshi, A., Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, JPN, Japan; Kang, J.S., Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, JPN, Japan; Fukushima, S., Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, JPN, Japan, Japan Bioassay Research Centre, Kanasawa, Japan	There is a dearth of data on the initiation activity of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA (V)), a major metabolite of the ubiquitous environmental and occupational carcinogen and toxicant, arsenic (As). The initiation activity of DMA (V) was investigated on rat hepatocarcinogenesis with liver being a major target organ for As-induced carcinogenicity. A total of 50 rats at 10 weeks old were randomly divided in a nine-week medium-term bioassay into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 received 200 ppm of DMA (V) in drinking water for four weeks while groups 3 and 4 drank only tap water until the sixth week when groups 1 and 3 were given 0.01% 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) in their diet for two weeks in the promotion stage. All animals were subjected to two-third partial hepatectomy (PH) at the seventh week. Quantitative analysis of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci in liver, a pre-neoplastic marker of rat hepatocarcinogenesis, demonstrated higher numbers in group 1 (DMA (V)+ 2- AAF) than 3 (2-AAF alone) at foci consisting of two-four cells and 15 or a greater number of cells. The numbers of GST-P positive foci consisting of five-nine cells were significantly higher in group 1 than 3. Foci consisting of 10-14 cells were also higher but not significantly different. The GST-P positive foci were apparently similar in groups 2 and 4. Expression of total GST-P positive foci was significantly higher in group 1 compared to 2, 3 or 4. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) test performed to clarify the apparent trend of GST- P data revealed significantly higher PCNA index in group 1. Data indicate weak initiation potential of DMA (V) and for the first time appear to provide evidence for initiation activity in DMA (V)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. © 2009 Taylor & Francis.	Arsenic; Biomethylation; Dimethylarsinic acid (V); Hepatocarcino-genesis; Initiation activity; Toxicity	Biomethylation; Dimethylarsinic acid (V); Dimethylarsinic acids; Drinking water; Four-group; Glutathione-S-transferase; Hepatocarcino-genesis; PCNA index; Proliferating cell nuclear antigens; Quantitative analysis; Tap water; Target organs; Animals; Arsenic; Bioassay; Carcinogens; Liver; Potable water; Rats; Toxicity; Acids; arsenic; bioassay; carcinogen; drinking water; herbicide; metabolite; quantitative analysis; rodent; toxic material; toxicity; Animalia; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41049111949	Herder perceptions on impacts of range enclosures, crop farming, fire ban and bush encroachment on the rangelands of Borana, Southern Ethiopia	Angassa A., Oba G.	2008	Human Ecology	36	2	10.1007/s10745-007-9156-z	Noragric, Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, Ås N-1432, Norway; College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Awassa, Ethiopia	Angassa, A., Noragric, Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, Ås N-1432, Norway, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Awassa, Ethiopia; Oba, G., Noragric, Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, Ås N-1432, Norway	This study focuses on community-based knowledge to analyze the impacts of range enclosures, crop farming, fire suppression and bush encroachment on the communal rangelands of Borana, southern Ethiopia. The knowledge of local herders is the basis for decision making in the utilization and management of grazing lands. We used Borana oral history associated with the period of the gada system to reconstruct environmental change that spans a period of 48 years. Our results show that the use of communities' perceptions as a basis for evaluating the impacts of land use change on the environment makes an important methodological contribution. Communities' responses to changing land use resulted in the development of range enclosures, the expansion of crop farming and the fragmentation of the communal rangelands, while the suppression of fire contributed to the expansion of bush encroachment. The overall impact was forage scarcity and greater vulnerability of stock during drought years. We conclude that policymakers could use communities' knowledge of environmental change to improve the use of the rangelands. We propose that sustainable use of the southern rangelands in the future will require a greater focus on regulating the expansion of enclosures, crop farming and ranching, as well as reintroducing fire where necessary, to control the expansion of bush cover. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007.	Bush encroachment; Community perception; Environmental history; Fire ban; Land use Policy; Rangeland development	crop production; decision making; environmental change; environmental history; farmers knowledge; fire; grazing management; land use change; perception; rangeland; Africa; Borana; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847627864	Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms in Burkina Faso: Impact on plasma fasting homocysteine and after methionine loading test	Angius A., Simpore J., Persico I., Sassu A., Prodi D.A., Musumeci S.	2007	Clinical Laboratory	53	42371	None	Institute of Population Genetics, CNR, Alghero, SS, Italy; Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Centre Medical Saint Camille (CMSC), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, Gynecology and Obstetric, Pediatrics, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Université de Ouagadougou, Unité de Formation et de Recherche/SVT, Burkina Faso, South Africa	Angius, A., Institute of Population Genetics, CNR, Alghero, SS, Italy, Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Simpore, J., Centre Medical Saint Camille (CMSC), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, South Africa, Université de Ouagadougou, Unité de Formation et de Recherche/SVT, Burkina Faso, South Africa; Persico, I., Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Sassu, A., Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Prodi, D.A., Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Musumeci, S., Institute of Population Genetics, CNR, Alghero, SS, Italy, Department of Pharmacology, Gynecology and Obstetric, Pediatrics, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy	In Burkina Faso the levels of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) are lower and the methionine loading tests suggest a more effective Hcy metabolism. The polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) showed a relevant difference in the allele frequencies of T MTHFR-677 in young and in old subjects, while the allele frequency of C MTHFR-1298 was comparable in young and old subjects. The aim of this paper was to study the impact of the MTHFR polymorphisms on plasma fasting Hcy and after methionine loading in Burkina Faso. The young subjects with CC MTHFR-677 genotype had levels of Hey significantly lower than CT and TT subjects. The level of Hcy in subjects who had AA, AC and CC MTHFR-1298 genotypes were comparable. The levels of Hcy after the methionine loading test were significantly higher in CT and TT MTHFR-677 genotype. These results suggest that the genetic situation in Burkina Faso is different from that of other Western countries and this guarantees the maintenance of lower plasma levels of Hcy in young and old Africans. The elevated levels of plasma Hcy in old subjects compared to young subjects, against the IoNN prevalence of the T allele in elderly subjects, is discussed.	A298C; Burkina Faso; C677T; Homocysteine; Methionine loading test; MTHFR	5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2); homocysteine; methionine; adult; age distribution; aged; amino acid metabolism; article; Burkina Faso; controlled study; diet restriction; female; gene frequency; genetic polymorphism; genotype; high performance liquid chromatography; human; loading test; male; Negro; population genetics; prevalence; protein blood level; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Burkina Faso; Fasting; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Methionine; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic; Statistics, Nonparametric	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82855181273	The performance of broiler birds fed varying levels of roasted Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) Seed Meal	Ani A.O., Okeke G.C.	2011	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	10	11	None	Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ani, A.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Okeke, G.C., Department of Animal Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Two experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of roasted Pigeonpea Seed Meal (PSM) on growth performance of broiler birds. Two hundred and forty day-old commercial unsexed broiler chicks (Anak strain) were used in experiment 1, while 168 four-week old broiler birds from experiment 1 were used in experiment 2. Birds in experiments 1 and 2 were divided into 6 groups. Experiment 1 birds were randomly assigned to six isoenergetic and isonitrogenous broiler starter diets containing 0, 6.5, 13.0, 19.5, 26.0 and 32.5% roasted PSM. Experiment 2 birds were also randomly assigned to 6 isoenergetic and isonitrogenous broiler finisher diets containing 0, 5.5, 10.5, 16.0, 21.5 and 27.0% roasted PSM. Parameters considered were weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, dressed carcass weight and carcass dressing percent. Results (Experiment 1) showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) among treatments in average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Feed intake, weight gain and efficiency of feed utilization declined at the 32.5% level of roasted PSM inclusion. However, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) among treatments in all the parameters considered in experiment 2. The results showed conclusively that roasted PSM can be included in broiler starter and finisher diets at 26% and 27% levels, respectively without any adverse effect on broiler birds. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Broiler birds; Effect; Growth performance; Roasted pigeon pea seed meal	animal experiment; animal food; animal tissue; article; broiler; carcass; controlled study; dietary intake; food composition; nonhuman; nutritional assessment; nutritional requirement; nutritional value; roasted pigeonpea seed meal; test meal; weight gain	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908210702	Patterns and Impact of Public Expenditure on Agriculture: Empirical Evidence from Benue State, Nigeria	Ani D.P., Biam C.K., Kantiok M.	2014	Journal of Agricultural and Food Information	15	4	10.1080/10496505.2014.958933	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	Ani, D.P., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Biam, C.K., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Kantiok, M., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria	This study assessed the budgetary allocation to agriculture in Benue State. Secondary data were collected for 10 years from Annual Reports of the Accountant General, Central Bank of Nigeria statistical publications, and Benue State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority (BNARDA). Descriptive statistics and regression were used to analyze the data. The result revealed that the Nigerian Government allocates only 8% of its annual budget to the agricultural sector, with the crop subsector being the most preferred (77.34%). The result of the regression analysis indicated a negative and nonsignificant (−3.3610) contribution to agricultural production. The Government should not only raise the fund allocation to the agricultural sector but devise adequate monitoring and evaluation mechanisms to ensure increased productivity. © 2014, Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77649288154	Psychosocial impact of sickle cell disorder: Perspectives from a Nigerian setting	Anie K.A., Egunjobi F.E., Akinyanju O.O.	2010	Globalization and Health	6	None	10.1186/1744-8603-6-2	Brent Sickle Cell and Thalassaemia Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Central Middlesex Hospital, London, NW10 7NS, United Kingdom; National Sickle Cell Centre, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Anie, K.A., Brent Sickle Cell and Thalassaemia Centre, Imperial College School of Medicine, Central Middlesex Hospital, London, NW10 7NS, United Kingdom; Egunjobi, F.E., National Sickle Cell Centre, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Akinyanju, O.O., National Sickle Cell Centre, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Sickle Cell Disorder is a global health problem with psychosocial implications. Nigeria has the largest population of people with sickle cell disorder, with about 150,000 births annually. This study explored the psychosocial impact of sickle cell disorder in 408 adolescents and adults attending three hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. A questionnaire was designed for the study, with some of commonly described areas of psychosocial impact including general public perceptions and attitudes, education, employment, and healthcare issues, and emotional responses The majority of participants thought that society in general had a negative image of SCD, and reported negative perceptions and attitudes. Some issues in education, employment, and healthcare were expressed, however these were in the minority of cases. The results also showed that depressive feelings were experienced in almost half the study population, even though feelings of anxiety or self-hate were uncommon. Clinical implications of these findings are considered.© 2010 Anie et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	behavioral response; blood system disorder; health care; perception; public attitude; questionnaire survey; social impact; adolescent; adult; anxiety; article; attitude; controlled study; depression; education; emotion; employment; female; hate; health service; human; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; priority journal; psychosocial care; sickle cell anemia; social psychology; Lagos [Nigeria]; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960928987	Impact of information computer technology on primary health care services to rural communities in niger delta region of nigeria	Anie S.O.	2011	Library Philosophy and Practice	2011	MAY	None	Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria	Anie, S.O., Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860420828	The impact of gender on the use of the digital library at the University of Ibadan	Anie S.O.	2011	Library Philosophy and Practice	2011	JULY	None	Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria	Anie, S.O., Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349448406	Performance analysis of a composite dual-winding reluctance machine	Anih L.U., Obe E.S.	2009	Energy Conversion and Management	50	12	10.1016/j.enconman.2009.08.008	Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	Anih, L.U., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Obe, E.S., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nigeria, 410001 Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	The electromagnetic energy conversion process of a composite dual-winding asynchronous reluctance machine is presented. The mechanism of torque production is explained using the magnetic fields distributions. The dynamic model developed in dq-rotor reference frame from first principles depicts the machine operation and response to sudden load change. The device is self-starting in the absence of rotor conductors and its starting current is lower than that of a conventional induction machine. Although the machine possesses salient pole rotors, it is clearly shown that its performance is that of an induction motor operating at half the synchronous speed. Hence the device produces synchronous torque while operating asynchronously. Simple tests were conducted on a prototype demonstration machine and the results obtained are seen to be in tune with the theory and the steady-state calculations. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Asynchronous; Composite; Dual-winding; Flux density; Half-speed; Induction machine; Reluctance	Asynchronous; Composite; Dual-winding; Flux density; Half-speed; Induction machine; Reluctance; Dynamic response; Electric windings; Electromagnetic waves; Energy conversion; Induction motors; Magnetic fields; Synchronous motors; Winding; Rotors (windings)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923932960	Modelling and performance of a hybrid synchronous reluctance machine with adjustable Xd/Xq ratio	Anih L.U., Obe E.S., Abonyi S.E.	2014	IET Electric Power Applications	9	2	10.1049/iet-epa.2014.0149	Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria	Anih, L.U., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Obe, E.S., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Abonyi, S.E., Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria	Analytical and experimental studies of a hybridised synchronous reluctance machine with a variable Xd/Xq ratio characteristic is the subject of this study. The machine comprises a round rotor and a salient pole machine element that is mechanically coupled together and integrally wound. There are two sets of poly-phase windings in each stator. The windings of one of the sets are transposed between the two sections of the machine. Either set of the windings may be connected to the supply while the other feeds a balanced capacitance load. It is shown that by tuning of the capacitance load that the Xd/Xq ratio varies theoretically from zero to infinity at very good power factors. The machine characteristics were verified using the generalised two-axis theory and validated by experimentation. The experimental and analytical results obtained show good agreement. Saturation was investigated by using the variation of the d-axis inductance with machine loading. A set of rotor windings may be introduced for the purpose that the machine be self-starting and self-synchronising as a motor. The rotor field windings when fed with dc, will make the machine also capable of operation as a stand-alone salient-pole generator. For this purpose, it was shown that for a very high saliency ratio, reluctance power can be considerably higher than the excitation power. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2015.	None	Capacitance; Electric machine theory; Electric power factor; Loading; Machine windings; Poles; Synchronous machinery; Winding; Analytical results; Capacitance load; D-axis inductance; Excitation power; Machine element; Machine loading; Salient pole generator; Synchronous reluctance machine; Rotors (windings)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892377812	Original article: Impact of antiretroviral therapy on pregnancy outcomes	Aniji C.D., Towobola O.A., Hoque M.E., Mashamba T.J., Monokoane S.	2013	Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine	14	4	10.7196/SAJHIVMED.834	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, Pretoria, South Africa; Graduate School of Business and Leadership, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa	Aniji, C.D., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, Pretoria, South Africa; Towobola, O.A., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, Pretoria, South Africa; Hoque, M.E., Graduate School of Business and Leadership, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Mashamba, T.J., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, Pretoria, South Africa; Monokoane, S., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus, Pretoria, South Africa	Background. The majority of HIV-positive women in South Africa are of reproductive age, and pregnancies among women using antiretroviral therapy (ART) are common. However, there are mixed data regarding the impact of ART on pregnancy outcomes. Objective. To examine the impact of ART on pregnancy outcome according to the timing of initiation of treatment. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among women delivering at a tertiary hospital from 1 October 2008 to 31 March 2009. Results. A total of 245 mothers were receiving ART: 76 mothers (31%) started ART pre-conception and 169 mothers (69%) started ART after the first trimester. No significant differences were observed in the rates of preterm delivery and low birth weight (LBW) between the pre- and post-conception groups (21% v. 24% and 21% v. 25%, respectively). Conclusion. In this cohort of women receiving ART in pregnancy, timing of ART initiation did not have any adverse effect on the measured pregnancy outcomes such as preterm delivery and LBW. © S Afr J HIV Med 2013.	None	article; cohort analysis; conception; female; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; low birth weight; major clinical study; pregnancy; pregnancy outcome; premature labor; retrospective study	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868145132	The coagulation performance of okra mucilage in an industrial effluent by turbidimetry	Ani J.U., Nnaji N.J., Okoye C.O.B., Onukwuli O.D.	2012	International Journal of Chemical Sciences	10	3	None	Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria	Ani, J.U., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Nnaji, N.J., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Okoye, C.O.B., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Onukwuli, O.D., Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria	The determination of coagulation rate constants was achieved by monitoring changes in the concentration of the coagulating suspension with time. These coagulation rate constants were obtained by turbidimetric studies on fibre-cement industry effluent (FCIE). The gravimetric method of measuring the concentration of suspended particles is tedious and thus not suitable for routine evaluations of coagulation kinetics. The coagulation rate constants were obtained from the slopes of first and second order plots of the coagulation reactions using aluminum sulphate and okra mucilage (OMUC) as coagulants. The work further examined the suitability of OMUC as a novel coagulant for the removal of colloids from FCIE.	Coagulation rate constant; Colloids; Fibre-cement; Nephelometric; Orthokinetic	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-47749149971	Impact of poultry manure and harvest season on juice quality of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa Deg.) in the sub-humid zone of Nigeria	Ani J.U., Baiyeri P.K.	2008	Fruits	63	4	10.1051/fruits:2008017	Dept. of Crop Science, Univ. Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ani, J.U., Dept. of Crop Science, Univ. Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Baiyeri, P.K., Dept. of Crop Science, Univ. Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Introduction. The production of high quality fruit juice involves several cultural inputs. Among other factors, fruit quality attributes are influenced by the cultivar, the climate, the harvesting time and soil fertility. Particularly, the soil fertility has a significant effect on the nutritional characteristics of the juice. Good practice as regards fertilization consists of applying rates adapted to plant optimum growth, yield and fruit quality. Materials and methods. Effects of four poultry manure rates [(0, 5, 10 and 15) t·ha -1] on the juice quality of passion fruits (Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa) were evaluated for two cropping years (2005 and 2006). The seedlings of passion fruit vine were field-established in a randomized complete block design, and the manure treatments were replicated four times. Juice quality assessment was performed on fruits picked in December 2005, coinciding with the dry season and low soil moisture recharge, and August 2006, during the wet season and high soil moisture recharge. Results. The results obtained indicated a significant poultry manure effect on all the juice quality parameters studied; the quality of the juice increased gradually as the manure rate increased. Similarly, the season of fruit-picking had a significant effect on the juice quality. As expected, vines that received no manure produced fruits with the poorest juice quality, suggesting unfavorable nutritive conditions within the vines. The concentrations of anti-nutrient factors (tannin, hydrogen cyanide, phytate and calcium oxalate) were low in ripe yellow passion fruits, and insignificant regarding health hazards for consumers of yellow passion fruit. Conclusion. The results obtained showed that the manure rate and the harvest period affected the quality of passion fruit juice. Application of 15 t·ha -1 poultry manure generally gave the best juice quality; similarly, fruits harvested in the first cropping season had better juice quality. © 2008 CIRAD EDP Sciences.	Fruit juices; Nigeria; Organic fertilizers; Passiflora edulis; Plant nutrition; Quality	Passiflora edulis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60349111330	Evaluation of resistance in selected cocoa genotypes to the brown cocoa mirid, Sahlbergella singularis Haglund in Nigeria	Anikwe J.C., Omoloye A.A., Aikpokpodion P.O., Okelana F.A., Eskes A.B.	2009	Crop Protection	28	4	10.1016/j.cropro.2008.11.014	Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Bioversity International, URAD, Agropolis, France	Anikwe, J.C., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Omoloye, A.A., Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Aikpokpodion, P.O., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Okelana, F.A., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, P.M.B. 5244, Idi-Ayunre, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Eskes, A.B., Bioversity International, URAD, Agropolis, France	The use of host-plant resistance is the most economic and ecologically sound option for the control of the most important insect pest of cocoa, Sahlbergella singularis leaving no deleterious side effects on the produce and the environment. 44 genotypes comprising 24 hybrids and 20 clones were assessed for antixenosis whereas 25 and 28 genotypes were tested for antibiosis and tolerance, respectively. The brown cocoa mirids showed significant non-preference for genotypes T65/7xT57/22, T65/7xT9/15, P7xPa150, T53/5xN38, T53/5xT12/11, T65/35xT30/13, F3 Amazon, T86/2xT16/17, T65/7xT53/8, T86/2xT65/35, T82/27xT16/17, T9/15, T12/5, T30/13, C77, T53/8, T53/5, EET59, Pa150, UF 676, Amaz15-15, BE 10, SPEC54 and Pa107. Mirid survival (antibiosis) was lowest in EET59 (28.7%) while it ranged from 52.2 to 67.8% in genotypes BE10, Amaz15-15, SPEC54, UF 676, P7xPa150, and Pa107. The indigenous clone N38 had the highest number of lesions of 12.2 in the field while EET59, IFC-5, Playa Alta, BE10, Amaz15-15 and SPEC54 had mirid lesions of 2.7, 3.3, 5.2, 5.3, 5.5 and 5.5; respectively. However, in terms of recovery from mirid damage and dieback progression which were important parameters assessed in tolerance, Clones ICS1, EET59, BE 10, Amaz15-15, SPEC54 and Pa 102 showed highest rate of recovery from mirid damage and lowest dieback progression. Clones UF 676, C77, Pa150 and F3 Amazon also showed moderate recovery from mirid damage with mean scores of 1.2, 2.3, 1.6, 1.4, 1.7, 1.4 and 1.5, respectively. UF 676, C77, Pa150 and F3 Amazon performed moderately well in terms of tolerance. Some of these genotypes such as BE10, Amaz15-15, SPEC54, UF 676, P7xPa150, and Pa107 were very consistent in all mechanisms of resistance tested and therefore adjudged as resistant cocoa genotypes. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Antibiosis; Antixenosis; Cocoa genotypes; Sahlbergella singularis; Tolerance	clone; cocoa; genotype; host plant; pest resistance; testing method; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Hexapoda; Miridae; Sahlbergella singularis; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940282570	Impact and issues of alternative dispute resolution in South Africa with emphasis on workplace dispute	Animashaun O., Odeku K.O., Nevondwe L.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	16	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n16p678	University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa	Animashaun, O., University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa; Odeku, K.O., University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa; Nevondwe, L., University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa	Informal dispute resolution is increasingly becoming relevant in the dispensation of justice. This is because of its different beneficial approaches to the parties involved especially the poor and the indigents in the society who are unable to afford the huge legal fees involved in formal justice system. With regard to dispute between well-resourced employer and poor vulnerable employee, one will agree that if formal justice is asked to adjudicate, clearly, there will not be fair playing field because the employer will deploy its huge resources to hire the best legal representative while the employee will not be able to do the same. This is why in South Africa aggrieved employees can approach the appropriate institution of justice set up for purposes of resolving labour dispute and institute an action against erring employers even without the assistance of legal practitioners. This article looks at the issue of informal dispute resolution; its applicability other related issues and more importantly the issue whether there is any need for a legal representation in alternative dispute resolution.	Employers/employees; Informal dispute; Justice; Legal representation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054008736	Evaluation of some robusta coffee (Coffea canephora pierre ex a. Froehner) clones for optimal density planting in Ghana	Anim-Kwapong G.J., Anim-Kwapong E., Oppong F.K.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	1	None	Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. BOX 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana	Anim-Kwapong, G.J., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. BOX 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Anim-Kwapong, E., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. BOX 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana; Oppong, F.K., Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P.O. BOX 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana	Increasing productivity is a main objective in Robusta coffee improvement in Ghana. A field trial was established in 1998 to evaluate the potential of ten Robusta coffee clones for optimal density planting, at the experimental field of the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana sub-station, Afosu. The clones were evaluated at three planting densities (1667, 2222 and 2667 trees ha -1) in a split plot design with three replicates, for yield and five vegetative traits namely: stem diameter, crown diameter, orthotropic internodes length, plagiotropic internodes length and number of bearing nodes per plagiotropic branch. Highly significant (P &lt; 0.00) interaction effects were observed for all parameters measured. The highest yields (averaging 1289.5 kg ha -1 year -1) were obtained from the highest planting density with clones 197, A129, B191, 181, and A115. These clones also had a relatively compact growth habit (smaller stem diameter and shorter plagiotropic and orthotropic internode lengths) compared to the other five clones (E152, B96, E138, E139 and B36). The findings suggest that productivity increases in Robusta coffee could be achieved through the use of planting materials which combine compact growth habit and high harvest potential in close spacing planting scheme. © 2010 Academic Journals.	High density planting; Robusta coffee clones; Vegetative vigour; Yield potential	Coffea canephora; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887081737	Impact of housing condition on indoor-biting and indoor-resting Anopheles arabiensis density in a highland area, central Ethiopia	Animut A., Balkew M., Lindtjørn B.	2013	Malaria Journal	12	1	10.1186/1475-2875-12-393	Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Animut, A., Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Balkew, M., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, PO Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Lindtjørn, B., Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway	Background: Exposure of individuals to malaria infection may depend on their housing conditions as houses serve as biting and resting places of vectors. This study describes the association of housing conditions with densities of indoor-biting and indoor-resting Anopheles arabiensis in Hobe, Dirama and Wurib villages of a highland area in central Ethiopia. Methods. Data on housing conditions, including presence of house apertures, number of occupants and number and the type of domestic animal tethered inside, were collected. Indoor-biting mosquitoes were sampled using Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps and indoor-resting mosquitoes sampled with pyrethrum spray catches (PSCs) monthly for two years (July 2008 to June 2010). Female anophelines were identified to species and processed. Univariate and general linear estimating equation allowing for repeated measures were used to assess the contribution of housing conditions for indoor-biting and indoor-resting An. arabiensis. Results: About 96% (4,597/4,788) of anophelines were caught inside residential houses. Nine anopheline species were identified, among which An. arabiensis was most prevalent (2,489; 52%). Vectors entering houses were higher in those situated at low (β = 4.475; 95% CI = 3.475-5.476; p <0.001; β = strength of the association) and medium (β = 2.850; 95% CI = 1.975-3.724; p <0.001) altitudes compared to high altitude, and where houses have no windows (β = -0.570; 95% CI = -1.047-0.094; p = 0.019) compared with those that have. Numbers of indoor-resting vectors were higher in those situated at low (β = 6.100; 95% CI = 4.571-7.629; p <0.001) and medium (β = 4.411; 95% CI = 2.284-6.537; p <0.001) altitudes compared to high altitudes, and where houses had open eaves (β =1.201; 95% CI = 0.704-1.698; p <0.001) compared with those that had closed eaves. Conclusion: Housing conditions such as presence of open eaves, absence of window, location at low and mid altitudes, were strong predictors of indoor exposure to An. arabiensis bite in a highland area of south-central Ethiopia. © 2013 Animut et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	aerosol; altitude; Anopheles arabiensis; article; bite; density; disease control; domestic animal; Ethiopia; housing; indoor biting; light; mosquito; nonhuman; pyrethrum; Animals; Anopheles; Ethiopia; Female; Housing; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Population Density	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946018968	Evaluation of In-vivo antimalarial activity of methanol leaf extract of Glyphaea brevis in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice	Anjuwon T.M., Ibrahim S., Nok A.J.	2015	Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research	14	10	10.4314/tjpr.v14i10.14	Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Anjuwon, T.M., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ibrahim, S., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Nok, A.J., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Purpose: To evaluate the in-vivo antimalarial activity of the methanol extract of the leaves of Glyphaea brevis in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Methods: The phytochemical profile of ethylacetate, n-butanol, and residual aqueous fractions of the methanol extract of G. brevis were determined using standard procedures. Mice, weighing between 15 - 30 g, were used for this study. Plasmodium berghei infected blood (0.2 ml) was used to infect each of 55 mice (5 in 11 groups) intraperitoneally. Animals in the infected groups were treated orally with varying doses (200, 300 and 400 mg/kg body weight) of the ethylacetate, n-butanol and residual aqueous fractions daily, using artemisinin (5 mg/kg body weight per day) as standard drug, over a period of four days. The non-infected (normal control, n = 5) received distilled water (0.2 ml) while the infected control group (n = 5) was administered 0.2 ml normal saline. The suppressive antiplasmodial properties of the fractions as well as the serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined. Results: Alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids and triterpenes were present in the extract fractions. The suppressive antiplasmodial activity of n-butanol, residual aqueous portion and ethylacetate fractions was 76.64, 73.25 and 72.99 %, respectively, while that of artemisinin was 86.13 %. The serum concentrations of AST, ALT, and ALP in the infected control group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of the treated malaria-infected groups treated with the three fractions. Conclusion: Glyphaea brevis possesses significant antiplasmodial properties and could be a source of lead molecules for the development of new antimalarial agents. © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria. All rights reserved.	Antimalarial; Artemisinin; Glyphaea brevis; Plasmodium berghei	acetic acid ethyl ester; alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; alkaloid; artemisinin; aspartate aminotransferase; butanol; carbohydrate; cardiac glycoside; flavonoid; Glyphaea brevis extract; methanol; plant extract; saponin; steroid; tannin; triterpene; unclassified drug; animal model; antimalarial activity; Article; blood analysis; controlled study; female; hematocrit; liver function; male; mouse; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; Plasmodium berghei infection; toxicity testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920877182	Assessing the performance characteristics of chicken layers fed with pito mash inclusion diets treated with cocoa pod-husk ash extract	Ankrah A.-B., Donkoh A., Abando-Sam E.	2014	International Journal of Poultry Science	13	11	None	Department of Agribusiness, Valley View University, Techiman-Campus, Oyibi, Accra, Ghana; Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Ankrah, A.-B., Department of Agribusiness, Valley View University, Techiman-Campus, Oyibi, Accra, Ghana; Donkoh, A., Department of Animal Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Abando-Sam, E., Department of Agribusiness, Valley View University, Techiman-Campus, Oyibi, Accra, Ghana	A nutritional balance trial was conducted, with 176 strain of Lohmann breed of brown layers at 8 weeks old, weighing between 340-341 g. The chickens were grouped into 4 dietary treatments of 44 chickens per group. A complete randomized design (CRD) was applied in which the dietary treatments included 0, 5, 10 and 15% level of the alkali-treated pito mash. Feed and water were provided ad libitum over the 11-month experimental period. The parameters measured were body weight changes, feed intake, water intake, hen-day egg production, hen-housed egg production, feed conversion ratio (kg/dozen egg), age at the onset of egg production, body weight at the onset of egg laying, weight of the first egg laid, shell thickness, number of broken egg, yolk colour, yolk diameter, albumen height, Haugh unit and mortality rate. Results showed that apart from body weight at the start of feed trial, feed/dozen eggs and body weight at the onset of egg laying, shell thickness and mortality of chickens, all the alkali-treated pito mash based diets exhibited significantly (p<0.05) higher performances than the control group in all the other parameters considered, although at varying magnitudes. The costs/100 kg grower and layer diets were progressively reduced as the level of treated pito mash increased in the diets. Alkali-treated pito mash inclusion in grower and layer chicken diets up to 15% is therefore recommended. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2014.	Dietary treatment; Feed conversion ratio; Feed intake; Haugh unit	Gallus gallus; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875991092	Effect of cassayeast produced from varying combinations of cassava (Manihot esculenta) and brewers' dried yeast (Saccharomyces cerevicea) on broiler performance [Efecto del cassayeast producido a partir de varias combinaciones de yuca (Manihot esculenta)	Anlebo A.O.	2011	Revista Cientifica UDO Agricola	11	1	None	Department of Animal Science, Anambra State University Igbariam, PMB 6059 Awka, Nigeria	Anlebo, A.O., Department of Animal Science, Anambra State University Igbariam, PMB 6059 Awka, Nigeria	A feeding trial using 480 day-old Anak broiler chicks was conducted in which cassava meal (CM) fortified with brewers' dried yeast (BDY) completely replaced maize in four out of five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. The objective was to determine the influence of cassayeast produced from varying combinations of cassava (Manihot esculenta) and brewers's dried yeast (Saccharomyces cerevicea) on broiler performance. Dried CM blended with BDY formed cassayeast in the ratios of 30/11.1; 35/12.94; 40/14.79 and 45/16.64 in dietary treatments B, C, D and E, respectively. Diet A (control) contained maize without the test ingredient. Results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in feed intake, body weight gain, efficiency of feed utilization (Feed: gain and gain: feed ratios) and weights of breast and liver. Gizzard weights were similar (P>0.05). The study demonstrated that the use of cassayeast could improve feed availability in the broiler industry. It also showed that with proper protein balancing, cassayeast can completely replace maize in broiler diets.	Brewers' dried yeast; Broiler performance; Cassava meal; Cassayeast	Aves; Manihot esculenta; Saccharomyces; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906963956	Evaluation of the anticonvulsant and anxiolytic potentials of methyl jasmonate in mice	Annafi O.S., Umukoro S., Eduviere A.T.	2014	Scientia Pharmaceutica	82	3	10.3797/scipharm.1310-22	Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Annafi, O.S., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Umukoro, S., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Eduviere, A.T., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Methyl jasmonate (MJ) is one of the most well-studied plant stress hormones belonging to the jasmonate family. Previous studies have shown that MJ potentiated pentobarbitone sleeping time and enhanced GABA-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission, suggesting potential benefits in disorders associated with hyperactivity of the brain. This study was carried out to evaluate whether MJ has anticonvulsant and anxiolytic properties in mice. The anticonvulsant effect was assessed based on the prevention of tonic-clonic seizures induced by chemoconvulsant agents in mice. The anxiolytic property was evaluated utilizing the elevated plus maze (EPM) and light/dark transition paradigms. The effect of MJ on spontaneous locomotor activity (SMA) was also assessed. Mice received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of MJ 30 min before the tests were carried out and diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as the reference drug. MJ (50-400 mg/kg) did not protect the mice against tonic-clonic convulsions induced by picrotoxin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or strychnine (3 mg/kg, i.p.). However, MJ (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) offered 20, 60, and 100% protection against pentylenetetrazole (100 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced convulsions. In a similar manner to diazepam (2 mg/kg), MJ (400 mg/kg) produced a marked sedative effect as shown by decreases in the number of lines crossed and the duration of ambulation in the open field test. In contrast to diazepam (2 mg/kg), MJ (5-50 mg/kg) did not show anxiolytic effects in the EPM and light/dark transition paradigms. These findings suggest that methyl jasmonate at high doses possessed anticonvulsant properties in the pentylenetetrazole animal model of epilepsy, but did not produce anxiolytic activity in mice. © Annafi et al.	Anxiolytic; Convulsions; Methyl jasmonate; Pentylenetetrazole; Picrotoxin; Strychnine	diazepam; jasmonic acid methyl ester; pentetrazole; picrotoxin; strychnine; animal experiment; animal model; anticonvulsant activity; Article; controlled study; convulsion; drug activity; elevated plus maze test; epilepsy; experimental locomotor activity test; female; laboratory test; male; mouse; nonhuman; open field test; quantitative analysis; sedation; seizure; tranquilizing activity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-29944434199	Prediction of the environmental impact and sustainability of large-scale irrigation with gypsiferous mine-water on groundwater resources	Annandale J.G., Jovanovic N.Z., Hodgson F.D.I., Usher B.H., Aken M.E., Van Der Westhuizen A.M., Bristow K.L., Steyn J.M.	2006	Water SA	32	1	None	Dept. Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa; Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Anglo Coal Environmental Services, Private Bag X9, Leraatsfontein, 1038, South Africa; CSIRO Land and Water, PMB Aitkenvale, Townsville, QLD 4814, Australia	Annandale, J.G., Dept. Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa; Jovanovic, N.Z., Dept. Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa; Hodgson, F.D.I., Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Usher, B.H., Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Aken, M.E., Anglo Coal Environmental Services, Private Bag X9, Leraatsfontein, 1038, South Africa; Van Der Westhuizen, A.M., Dept. Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa; Bristow, K.L., CSIRO Land and Water, PMB Aitkenvale, Townsville, QLD 4814, Australia; Steyn, J.M., Dept. Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa	Irrigation of agricultural crops is one of the most cost-effective options for the utilisation of gypsiferous mine wastewater. In addition, it creates the opportunity to produce crops during the dry season. Gypsum is a slightly soluble salt and concentrating the gypsiferous soil solution through crop evapotranspiration precipitates gypsum in the soil profile, removing it from the water system and reducing the potential for groundwater pollution. In previous research, it was found that crops can be commercially produced under irrigation with gypsiferous mine-water with no obvious impact on groundwater in the short term (3 years). It was, however, recommended that monitoring should continue to confirm findings over a longer period and for different conditions. A research project was therefore initiated in 2001 to determine the impact of irrigation with several gypsiferous water/soil combinations on crop performance, soil properties and groundwater quality. Field trials were carried out in South Africa on three mines: Kleinkopjé and New Vaal Collieries (Anglo Coal), and at Syferfontein (Sasol). Different crop and pasture species were grown on different soil types under centre-pivot irrigation with different mine-water qualities. Intensive monitoring systems were established in each irrigated field to determine the components of the soil-water and salt balance. Boreholes were also installed to monitor groundwater level and quality. Field water and salt balance data were used for calibration and validation of the mechanistic, generic crop, Soil-Water Balance (SWB) Model. The results of the field trials indicated that high crop and pasture yields can be obtained, provided site selection, land preparation, fertilisation and irrigation water management are appropriate. The results of the soil-water and salt balance studies indicated that considerable volumes of mine-water can be used and substantial amounts of salts can be removed from the water system through precipitation of gypsum in the soil profile. The groundwater impact was limited based on borehole measurements, indicating the presence of a zone of attenuation between the cropped soil profile and groundwater, but this should be monitored over a longer period. With appropriate management, water and salt runoff, and under specific conditions, drainage and salts leached can be intercepted, thereby minimising unwanted impacts on groundwater. Thirty-year scenario simulations were run with SWB and the generated salt loads from this model were used as input into a separate groundwater model in order to predict the likely long-term effects of irrigation with gypsiferous mine-water on groundwater. The results of these simulations showed that while salts reached the groundwater, there was a drop in concentration of the plume as it moved away from the irrigated area. This was due largely to dilution by infiltration from rainfall recharge and the dispersive characteristics of the aquifer. The simulations also showed the importance of matching the amount of drainage from an irrigated site with the transmissivity and storage properties of the aquifer below. These results suggest that large-scale irrigation with gypsiferous water could be viable if irrigated fields are carefully sited to prevent waterlogging and are well managed. A site-specific approach is essential.	Groundwater; Gypsiferous; Irrigation; Mine-water; Simulations; SWB	Boreholes; Computer simulation; Cost effectiveness; Crops; Groundwater resources; Soil mechanics; Wastewater; Gypsiferous; Mine-water; SWB; Irrigation; environmental impact; groundwater resource; infiltration; irrigation system; salinity; wastewater; water quality; Cost Effectiveness; Effluent Treatment; Farm Crops; Irrigation; Simulation; Soil Mechanics; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34047206041	Prediction of the environmental impact and sustainability of large-scale irrigation with gypsiferous mine-water on groundwater resources	Annandale J.G., Jovanovic N.Z., Van Der Westhuizen A.M., Steyn J.M.	2006	International Water and Irrigation	26	3	None	Dept. Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa	Annandale, J.G., Dept. Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa; Jovanovic, N.Z.; Van Der Westhuizen, A.M.; Steyn, J.M.	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46249085712	Monitoring and evaluation of energy for development: The good, the bad and the questionable in M&E practice	Annecke W.	2008	Energy Policy	36	8	10.1016/j.enpol.2008.02.043	The Green Building, Westlake Park, Cape Town 7945, South Africa	Annecke, W., The Green Building, Westlake Park, Cape Town 7945, South Africa	This paper reflects on the debates and the practices involved in monitoring and evaluating energy for development projects which led to the formulation of "A Guide to Monitoring and Evaluation for Energy Projects" by an international working group. Another purpose of the paper is to invite energy policy-makers, planners and implementers to engage with the meaning of good practice in monitoring and evaluation in the energy sector and the capacity building necessary to achieve this. This paper begins with definitions of monitoring and evaluation and discusses the reasons for conducting such studies and the benefits to be gained. This paper then highlights selected approaches to monitoring and evaluation and the conditions under which each might be useful, and how and by whom lessons are to be learned. Attention is paid to key elements of monitoring and evaluation such as the development of indicators and the measurement of impacts. In the light of the many failed energy projects, this paper closes with some suggestions of how monitoring and evaluation processes and capacity may be improved. © 2008.	Energy for development; Evaluation; Monitoring	Chemical modification; Energy policy; Paper; (I ,J) conditions; Capacity building; Development projects; Energy projected; Energy sectors; evaluation processes; good practice; International (CO); Key elements; Policy-makers; Working group (WG); Monitoring; capacity building; development project; energy planning; energy policy; monitoring; policy making	None
WoS	WOS:000339068500002	The Impact of Microcredit on Child Education: Quasi-experimental Evidence from Rural China	Annim, Samuel,You, Jing	2014	JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES	50	7	10.1080/00220388.2014.903243	Renmin University of China, University of Cape Coast	"Annim, Samuel: University of Cape Coast","You, Jing: Renmin University of China"	This article assesses causal effects of formal microcredit on children's educational outcomes by using household panel data (2000 and 2004) in north-west rural China. The unobservables between borrowers and non-borrowers are controlled in static and dynamic regression-discontinuity designs. The static analysis reveals significant positive impact of microcredit on schooling years in 2000 only, and no influence on academic performance for either wave. The dynamic analysis shows progressive treatment effects on both longer schooling years and higher average scores. Formal microcredit improves education in the longer term compared to the short term, and hence may help relaxing the grip of educational poverty traps.	,BANGLADESH,HOUSEHOLDS,MICROFINANCE,POOR,POVERTY,"REGRESSION-DISCONTINUITY DESIGN"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883822987	The effects of human resource management and socio demographic characteristics on performance of extension agents in Kwara state of Nigeria	Annor-Frempong F.	2013	Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education	20	2	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Annor-Frempong, F., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	[No abstract available]	Capacity building and socio-economic characteristics; Extension personnel; Human resource management; Job performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49249094503	Growth performance of grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) eating leaf and stem fractions of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum)	Annor S.Y., Kagya-Agyemang J.K., Abbam J.E.Y., Oppong S.K., Agoe I.M.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	8	None	Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, P.O. Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana	Annor, S.Y., Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, P.O. Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana; Kagya-Agyemang, J.K., Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, P.O. Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana; Abbam, J.E.Y., Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, P.O. Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana; Oppong, S.K., Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, P.O. Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana; Agoe, I.M., Department of Animal Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, P.O. Box 40, Mampong-Ashanti, Ghana	This study was carried out to determine the growth performance of grasscutters (Thryonomys swinderianus) when fed on leaf and stem fractions of guinea grass. Eighteen (18) three month old male grasscutters were randomly assigned in equal numbers to three treatment diets consisting of Guinea Grass Leave fraction (GGL), Guinea Grass Stem fraction (GGS) and Whole Plant of Guinea Grass (GGW). The results of the chemical analysis of the treatment diets indicated that the nutritive value of the GGL was better than that of GGS and GGW. There were no significant differences between treatments for mean daily feed intake (P>0.05). However, animals fed GGL performed better than those fed GGS and GGW in terms of total weight gain, mean daily weight gain and feed efficiency (P<0.05). Animals fed GGS produced better lean meat compared to those on GGL and GGW (P<0.05). The mean dressing percentage of animals fed GGL was significantly higher than those on GGW and GGS (P<0.05). The results of this work suggest that the leaf portion of elephant grass is more nutritious than the stem portion. This implies that the current practice in Ghana whereby farmers cut off the leaves of the grass and feed only the stem fraction to the animals is a waste of feed resources, and should be discouraged.	Carcass characteristics; Feed efficiency; Feed intake; Nutritive value; Weight gain	Animalia; Panicum maximum; Pennisetum purpureum; Thryonomys swinderianus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887987497	Evaluation of public awareness and attitude to pulmonary tuberculosis in a Nigerian rural community	Anochie P.I., Onyeneke E.C., Onyeozirila A.C., Igbolekwu L.C., Onyeneke B.C., Ogu A.C.	2013	GERMS	3	2	10.11599/germs.2013.1037	TB/HIV and AIDS Research Group, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; St. Joseph's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria; Madonna University, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Elele, Rivers stat	Anochie, P.I., TB/HIV and AIDS Research Group, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Onyeneke, E.C., St. Joseph's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria; Onyeozirila, A.C., Madonna University, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Elele, Rivers state, Nigeria; Igbolekwu, L.C., Imo State University, Department of Government and Public Administration, Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria; Onyeneke, B.C., National Open University of Nigeria, Department of Criminal Law and Ethics, Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria; Ogu, A.C., University of Sheffield, Department of Medicine, United Kingdom	Introduction Community based interventions have long been linked to tuberculosis control efforts. Effectively treated and cured patients living within their home communities are often the best advocates and may become the drivers of social mobilization to support control of tuberculosis. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional knowledge, attitude, behavioral and practice (KABP) survey on tuberculosis was carried out in a rural Nigerian community. We used the multi-stage sampling method for subject selection. We administered an interview schedule consisting of a pre-tested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, together with in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Results We applied the questionnaire to 1186 people in designated rural households. Most of the participants, (1154, 97.3%) had prior knowledge and awareness about tuberculosis as a disease, 612 (51.6%) considered tuberculosis a result of HIV/AIDS epidemics or malnutrition, and 451 (38%) believed that it can be cured by Western medicine. The unwillingness of respondents to relate with TB patients was generally high (97%, 1150), even where levels of awareness and knowledge were high. Conclusion These results should be used to orient tuberculosis control programs, especially those aimed at mobilizing people for tuberculosis control and eradication. © GERMS 2013.	Knowledge; Perception; Rural; Survey; Tuberculosis	tuberculostatic agent; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; article; attitude; awareness; coughing; cross-sectional study; descriptive research; disease transmission; female; health survey; hemoptysis; human; inhalation; interview; knowledge; lung tuberculosis; male; malnutrition; questionnaire; rural population; short course therapy; tuberculosis control; weight reduction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052335530	Malocclusion and its impact on quality of life of school children in Nigeria [La malocclusion dentaire et son impact sur la qualité de vie des enfants scolarisés au Nigéria]	Anosike A.N., Sanu O.O., da Costa O.O.	2010	West African Journal of Medicine	29	6	None	Department of Child Dental Health, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Anosike, A.N., Department of Child Dental Health, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Sanu, O.O., Department of Child Dental Health, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; da Costa, O.O., Department of Child Dental Health, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	BACKGROUND: Malocclusion, though not life-threatening, is an important public health issue, which has a large impact on the individual, causing discomfort, social and functional limitations. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate objectively orthodontic treatment needs in Nigerian schoolchildren and the impact of malocclusion on their quality of life. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved schoolchildren aged 12 to 16 years from four randomly selected secondary schools in Lagos, Nigeria. A prestructured questionnaire was administered and a clinical examination was conducted. Occlusal status was assessed for each subject using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was also evaluated. RESULTS: There were 410 (50.9%) females and 395 (49.1%) males aged 12 to 16 years. Mean age was 14.5 ± 1.3 years. Irregularity of teeth was the most prevalent malocclusion. Generalised spacing and midline diastema were seen in 59% and 31% respectively; crowding in 43% of the schoolchildren. Other occlusal anomalies were recorded. There was no statistically significant difference between the sexes. Over one third of the study population did not need treatment, treatment was mandatory in 24.3%, elective in 21% and highly desirable in 17%. More females than males did not need orthodontic treatment. Oral conditions had no effect on the quality of life of 85.3% of the study sample. CONCLUSION: Most Nigerian schoolchildren were found to have a dental appearance that needed orthodontic treatment. However, components of the oral conditions impacted on the quality of life of a few subjects. Psycho-social need is very important in orthodontic diagnosis.	Dental aesthetic; Impact; Malocclusion; Quality of life; School-children; Treatment need	adolescent; article; child; clinical assessment tool; clinical examination; cross-sectional study; Dental Aesthetic Index; diastema; female; human; major clinical study; male; malocclusion; Nigeria; Oral Health Impact Profile 14; orthodontics; prevalence; quality of life; school child; structured questionnaire; dental care; health; malocclusion; needs assessment; Nigeria; pathophysiology; psychological aspect; questionnaire; school; sex ratio; social class; socioeconomics; statistics; Adolescent; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Esthetics, Dental; Female; Humans; Male; Malocclusion; Needs Assessment; Nigeria; Oral Health; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; Schools; Sex Distribution; Social Class; Socioeconomic Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84882598747	Influence of reference temperature on exergy and exergoeconomic performance of a natural gas fired thermal power plant	Anozie A.N., Odejobi O.J.	2013	International Journal of Exergy	13	1	10.1504/IJEX.2013.055780	Applied Thermodynamics and Process Design Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria	Anozie, A.N., Applied Thermodynamics and Process Design Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria; Odejobi, O.J., Applied Thermodynamics and Process Design Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria	The influence of reference temperature on exergy and exergoeconomic performance parameters of a thermal plant was investigated. The plant was simulated using HYSYS (2003) process simulator software and the exergy and exergoeconomic analyses were done using Microsoft EXCEL spreadsheet. As reference temperature increased from 15°C to 35°C, exergy efficiency decreased from 11.7% to 11.5% and irreversibility increased from 1790 MW to 1812 MW. Also, overall exergy cost decreased from 6650.78 MW to 6055.40 MW and monetary cost from $75,343.84/h to $68,430.19/h. The optimum (base case) reference temperature, where the exergy and the monetary exergy loss costs were at minimum, was found to be 30°C. At this temperature both the condenser and boiler units made significant contributions to the process exergy and monetary exergy loss costs. The study concluded that the performance of the thermal plant depends on reference temperature, efficiencies of condenser and boiler units. Copyright © 2013 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Exergetic efficiency; Exergoeconomic improvement potential.; Exergoeconomic loss cost; Exergy improvement potential; Exergy loss costs; Irreversibility; Reference temperature	Exergetic efficiency; Exergoeconomic; Exergy improvement potentials; Exergy loss; Irreversibility; Loss costs; Reference temperature; Boilers; Computer software; Costs; Heat engines; Thermoelectric power plants; Exergy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947420822	Evaluation of cooking energy cost, efficiency, impact on air pollution and policy in Nigeria	Anozie A.N., Bakare A.R., Sonibare J.A., Oyebisi T.O.	2007	Energy	32	7	10.1016/j.energy.2006.07.004	Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 013, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Technology Planning and Development Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 013, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Anozie, A.N., Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 013, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Bakare, A.R., Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 013, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Sonibare, J.A., Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 013, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Oyebisi, T.O., Technology Planning and Development Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 013, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	This study evaluated the cooking energy costs and efficiencies, the air pollution impacts of cooking energy consumption and the impact of the energy policy in the cooking energy sector in Nigeria. Water boiling and cooking experiments using the common cooking energy sources (fuel wood, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and electricity) and common food items (water, yam and beans) were carried out. Energy surveys were carried out to determine the cooking energy use patterns in the urban and rural areas. It was found that fuel wood is the least expensive cooking energy source and LPG is the most expensive. Energy use efficiencies for boiling water were estimated at 25%, 46%, 73%, 79%, 66% and 90% for fuel wood, kerosene, gas, electric immersion coil, electric heating coil and electric hot plate, respectively. Energy intensity was found to be a comparative measure of energy efficiency. The impacts of air pollution from household cooking suggested a possibility of significant air pollutants contribution to the ambient environment using any of the energy carriers considered except electricity. The cooking energy use patterns showed that fuel wood is the predominant energy source for cooking in the rural areas while kerosene is the predominant energy source in the urban areas, revealing that the energy policy in the country had made no impact in the cooking energy sector. Recommendations for improving the energy supply situation were given and for removing the barriers that prevent the implementation of the recommendations. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Cooking energy; Cost; Efficiency; Impact on air pollution; Policy	Energy efficiency; Energy policy; Energy utilization; Kerosene; Liquefied petroleum gas; Air pollutants; Cooking energy; Energy carriers; Air pollution; Air pollution; Energy efficiency; Energy policy; Energy utilization; Kerosene; Liquefied petroleum gas; atmospheric pollution; energy conservation; energy efficiency; energy policy; fuel consumption; fuelwood; household energy; liquefied petroleum gas; rural area; urban area; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Dioscorea alata	None
WoS	WOS:000209108100013	Assessing the impact of TB/HIV services integration on TB treatment outcomes and their relevance in TB/HIV monitoring in Ghana	Ansa, Gloria Akosua,Siddiqi, Kamran,Walley, John D.,Wei, Xiaolin	2012	INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF POVERTY	1	None	10.1186/2049-9957-1-13	Chinese University of Hong Kong, University of Ghana, University of Leeds, University of York - UK	"Ansa, Gloria Akosua: University of Ghana","Siddiqi, Kamran: University of York - UK","Walley, John D.: University of Leeds","Wei, Xiaolin: Chinese University of Hong Kong"	Background: The impact of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on tuberculosis (TB), and the implications for TB and HIV control, is a public health challenge in Ghana - almost a quarter (23%) of all TB cases were HIV positive in 2010. The integration of TB/HIV services has therefore emerged as an essential component of the national response to TB and HIV. The aim is to reduce fragmentation, improve access, enhance efficiency and improve quality of care. Ghana's TB/HIV policy comprises three linked sets of activities: effective implementation of the Stop TB Strategy for TB control, improved HIV prevention and care, and the implementation of additional TB/HIV activities. Different models of service delivery with increasing integration of TB/HIV activities are expected to provide greater access to more comprehensive care. The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of TB/HIV integration on TB treatment outcomes and to explore the usefulness of TB treatment outcomes as TB/HIV indicators. Methods: A before-and-after study to observe the introduction of TB/HIV activities into TB programmes in three hospitals with different levels of integration was conducted. Anonymised patient data was collated from TB registers from each facility, and analysed to determine if TB treatment outcomes changed significantly after integration. Results: TB treatment success was 50% (95% CI 49 - 52) prior to, and 69% (95% CI 65 - 73) after, integration (chi(2) 43.96, p &lt; 0.00). Treatment success increased from 43% to 53% at the one-stop shop (OSS), from 69% to 78% at the partially integrated site (PIS) and substantially from 46% to 78% at the referral site (RS) (chi(2) 64.54; p&lt;0.01). Defaults and cases transferred out reduced from 14.3% and 15.3% prior to integration, to 1.4% and 9.0% after integration, respectively, accounting for a significant increase in treatment success. Death rates remained high at 18% in all cases studied and 25% in HIV-associated cases after integration. Conclusion: TB/HIV integration may improve TB treatment success, but its exact impact is difficult to ascertain due to non-specificity and design limitations. TB mortality may be more useful as an indicator for monitoring TB/HIV activities in Ghana.	HIV,indicator,INTEGRATION,"one-stop shop","partial integration",REFERRAL,"TREATMENT OUTCOME",TUBERCULOSIS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45749147106	Toxicological evaluation of the anti-malarial herb Cryptolepis sanguinolenta in rodents	Ansah C., Mfoafo E.A., Woode E., Opoku-Okrah C., Owiredu W.K.B.A., Duwiejua M.	2008	Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology	3	5	10.3923/jpt.2008.335.343	Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Laboratory Technology, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Ansah, C., Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Mfoafo, E.A., Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Woode, E., Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Opoku-Okrah, C., Department of Laboratory Technology, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Owiredu, W.K.B.A., Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Duwiejua, M., Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	In this study, we evaluated the aqueous extract of the roots of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Periplocaceae), an anti-malarial herb in the West African sub-region for possible toxicity in rodents. Administration of cryptolepis (10-1000 mg kg-1) daily for two weeks did not cause significant changes in most of the haematological parameters assessed. However, the MCV reduced from a vehicle-treated value of 63.1±0.6 to 58.1±09 g dL-1 at a dose of 10 zng kr-1, which reflected in an increased MCHC (27.8±0.3 to 30.5±0.3 g dL-1), since the Hb concentration remained unchanged. Serum transaminase levels did not change significantly suggesting a limited effect on the liver. Administration of the extract (50-1000 mg kg-1, p.o.) 30 min before pentobarbitone (50 mg kg-1, i.p.) caused a dose-dependent prolongation of the rat sleeping time from 66.6±8.1 min (vehicle-treated control) to 266.5±7. 0 min (1000 mg kg-1). Similarly, daily treatment with the extract (50-1000 mg kg-1) for 2 weeks prolonged the sleeping time from 155±28.4 to 292.8:±28.7 min. This effect appeared to be CNS-related rather than an enzymatic as reflected in a decreased locomotor activity (1 9.4±1.5 to 1.84.8 min-1) at a dose of 500 mg kg-1 body weight. All together, our results suggest that Cryptolepis could synergize with hypno-sedatives or other CNS depressants and therefore caution needs to be taken in the concomitant administration of Cryptolepis and other CNS depressants. © 2008 Academic Journals Inc.	Antimalarial; CNS depressant; Cryptolepis sanguinolenta; Haematological parameters; Rodents; Sleeping time	alanine aminotransferase; albumin; alkaline phosphatase; aminotransferase; antimalarial agent; aspartate aminotransferase; bilirubin; carbon monoxide; central depressant agent; Cryptolepis sanguinolenta extract; cytochrome P450; gamma glutamyltransferase; globulin; hemoglobin; hypnotic sedative agent; ketoconazole; pentobarbital; plant extract; alanine aminotransferase blood level; albumin blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; aqueous solution; article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; bilirubin blood level; binding assay; central nervous system; controlled study; Cryptolepis; cryptolepis sanguinolenta; dose response; drug dose comparison; drug potentiation; drug solution; gamma glutamyl transferase blood level; hematological parameters; herbal medicine; kidney mass; liver toxicity; liver weight; locomotion; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume; mouse; nonhuman; organ weight; plant root; protein blood level; rat; sleep time; spleen weight; stomach; toxicity testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925815778	The impact of providing rapid diagnostic malaria tests on fever management in the private retail sector in Ghana: A cluster randomized trial	Ansah E.K., Narh-Bana S., Affran-Bonful H., Bart-Plange C., Cundill B., Gyapong M., Whitty C.J.M.	2015	BMJ (Online)	350	None	10.1136/bmj.h1019	Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, PO Box MB-190, Accra, Ghana; Dodowa Health Research Center, Ghana Health Service, Ghana; Dangme West District Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Ghana; National Malaria Control Programme, Ghana Health Service, Ghana; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Ansah, E.K., Research and Development Division, Ghana Health Service, PO Box MB-190, Accra, Ghana; Narh-Bana, S., Dodowa Health Research Center, Ghana Health Service, Ghana; Affran-Bonful, H., Dangme West District Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Ghana; Bart-Plange, C., National Malaria Control Programme, Ghana Health Service, Ghana; Cundill, B., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Gyapong, M., Dodowa Health Research Center, Ghana Health Service, Ghana; Whitty, C.J.M., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Objective To examine the impact of providing rapid diagnostic tests for malaria on fever management in private drug retail shops where most poor rural people with fever present, with the aim of reducing current massive overdiagnosis and overtreatment of malaria. Design Cluster randomized trial of 24 clusters of shops. Setting Dangme West, a poor rural district of Ghana. Participants Shops and their clients, both adults and children. Interventions Providing rapid diagnostic tests with realistic training. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was the proportion of clients testing negative for malaria by a double-read research blood slide who received an artemisinin combination therapy or other antimalarial. Secondary outcomes were use of antibiotics and antipyretics, and safety. Results Of 4603 clients, 3424 (74.4%) tested negative by double-read research slides. The proportion of slide-negative clients who received any antimalarial was 590/1854 (32%) in the intervention arm and 1378/1570 (88%) in the control arm (adjusted risk ratio 0.41 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.58), P<0.0001). Treatment was in high agreement with rapid diagnostic test result. Of those who were slide-positive, 690/787 (87.8%) in the intervention arm and 347/392 (88.5%) in the control arm received an artemisinin combination therapy (adjusted risk ratio 0.96 (0.84 to 1.09)). There was no evidence of antibiotics being substituted for antimalarials. Overall, 1954/2641 (74%) clients in the intervention arm and 539/1962 (27%) in the control arm received appropriate treatment (adjusted risk ratio 2.39 (1.69 to 3.39), P<0.0001). No safety concerns were identified. Conclusions Most patients with fever in Africa present to the private sector. In this trial, providing rapid diagnostic tests for malaria in the private drug retail sector significantly reduced dispensing of antimalarials to patients without malaria, did not reduce prescribing of antimalarials to true malaria cases, and appeared safe. Rapid diagnostic tests should be considered for the informal private drug retail sector.	None	antibiotic agent; antimalarial agent; antipyretic agent; artemisinin; antibiotic therapy; Article; blood smear; combination chemotherapy; controlled study; diagnostic error; diagnostic test accuracy study; drug use; fever; Ghana; health care quality; human; malaria; malaria control; malaria rapid test; outcome assessment; patient safety; pharmacy; poverty; prescription; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; rural area	None
WoS	WOS:000338373500001	The practice of 'doing' evaluation: lessons learned from nine complex intervention trials in action	Ansah, Evelyn K.,Bruxvoort, Katia,Chandler, Clare I. R.,Cundill, Bonnie,DiLiberto, Deborah,Goodman, Catherine,Hutchinson, Eleanor,Lalloo, David G.,Lal, Sham,Leslie, Toby,Mangham-Jefferies, Lindsay,Mbakilwa, Hilda,Reyburn, Hugh,Reynolds, Joanna,Schellenber	2014	IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE	9	None	10.1186/1748-5908-9-75	Ghana Health Service, University of Copenhagen, University of Liverpool, University of London, University of New South Wales, Joint Malaria Programme, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine	"Ansah, Evelyn K.: Ghana Health Service","Bruxvoort, Katia: University of London","Chandler, Clare I. R.: University of London","Cundill, Bonnie: University of London","DiLiberto, Deborah: University of London","Goodman, Catherine: University of London","Hutchinson, Eleanor: University of London","Lalloo, David G.: University of Liverpool","Lal, Sham: University of London","Leslie, Toby: University of London","Mangham-Jefferies, Lindsay: University of London","Reyburn, Hugh: University of London","Reynolds, Joanna: University of London","Schellenberg, David: University of London","Staedke, Sarah G.: University of London","Webster, Jayne: University of London","Yeung, Shunmay: University of London",	Background: There is increasing recognition among trialists of the challenges in understanding how particular 'real-life' contexts influence the delivery and receipt of complex health interventions. Evaluations of interventions to change health worker and/or patient behaviours in health service settings exemplify these challenges. When interpreting evaluation data, deviation from intended intervention implementation is accounted for through process evaluations of fidelity, reach, and intensity. However, no such systematic approach has been proposed to account for the way evaluation activities may deviate in practice from assumptions made when data are interpreted. Methods: A collective case study was conducted to explore experiences of undertaking evaluation activities in the real-life contexts of nine complex intervention trials seeking to improve appropriate diagnosis and treatment of malaria in varied health service settings. Multiple sources of data were used, including in-depth interviews with investigators, participant-observation of studies, and rounds of discussion and reflection. Results and discussion: From our experiences of the realities of conducting these evaluations, we identified six key 'lessons learned' about ways to become aware of and manage aspects of the fabric of trials involving the interface of researchers, fieldworkers, participants and data collection tools that may affect the intended production of data and interpretation of findings. These lessons included: foster a shared understanding across the study team of how individual practices contribute to the study goals; promote and facilitate within-team communications for ongoing reflection on the progress of the evaluation; establish processes for ongoing collaboration and dialogue between sub-study teams; the importance of a field research coordinator bridging everyday project management with scientific oversight; collect and review reflective field notes on the progress of the evaluation to aid interpretation of outcomes; and these approaches should help the identification of and reflection on possible overlaps between the evaluation and intervention. Conclusion: The lessons we have drawn point to the principle of reflexivity that, we argue, needs to become part of standard practice in the conduct of evaluations of complex interventions to promote more meaningful interpretations of the effects of an intervention and to better inform future implementation and decision-making.	"behavioural interventions","complex interventions",evaluation,"HEALTH SERVICE","Low-income setting",REFLECTION,TRIALS,ALTERNATIVES,CARE,CHALLENGES,CLINICAL-RESEARCH,DESIGN,MALARIA,MANAGEMENT,"PUBLIC-HEALTH INTERVENTIONS","QUALITATIVE RESEARCH","RANDOMIZE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959670878	Designing self-evaluation instruments for academic programmes: Lessons and challenges	Ansah F.	2010	Evaluation and Research in Education	23	2	10.1080/09500791003717238	Garden City University College, P.O. Box 12775, Kenyasi, Kumasi, KK, Ghana	Ansah, F., Garden City University College, P.O. Box 12775, Kenyasi, Kumasi, KK, Ghana	A study was conducted to design valid and reliable self-evaluation instruments for periodic evaluation of academic programmes of Bolgatanga Polytechnic in Ghana, using evaluation experts and relevant stakeholders of the polytechnic. This paper presents some of the challenges, including those of institutional support, the technical demands of designing the instrument and that of culture. How these challenges were met and the lessons learnt illustrate how selfevaluation was introduced to an institution where previously no course evaluation had been carried out. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.	Academic programmes; Instrument design; Self-evaluation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55249120938	Probabilistic risk assessment of the environmental impacts of pesticides in the Crocodile (west) Marico catchment, North-West Province	Ansara-Ross T.M., Wepener V., Van Den Brink P.J., Ross M.J.	2008	Water SA	34	5	None	Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Wageningen University, Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands	Ansara-Ross, T.M., Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Wepener, V., Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Van Den Brink, P.J., Wageningen University, Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Ross, M.J., Centre for Aquatic Research, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa	External agricultural inputs, such as pesticides, may pose risks to aquatic ecosystems and affect aquatic populations, communities and ecosystems. To predict these risks, a tiered approach was followed, incorporating both the PRIMET and PERPEST models. The first-tier PRIMET model is designed to yield a relatively worst-case risk assessment requiring a minimum of input data, after which the effects of the risks can be refined using a higher tier PERPEST model. The risk assessment initially depends on data supplied from local landowners, pesticide characteristic, application scheme and physical scenario of the environment under question. Preliminary results are presented, together with ecotoxicological data on several frequently-used pesticides in a section of the Crocodile (west) Marico Water Management Area (WMA) in South Africa. This area is historically known to have a high pesticide usage, with deltamethrin, aldicarb, parathion, cypermethrin and dichlorvos being the main pesticides used. Deltamethrin was indicated as having the highest probability of risks to aquatic organisms occurring in the study area. Cypermethrin, parathion, dichlorvos, carbaryl, bromoxynil, linuron, methomyl and aldicarb were all indicated as having possible risks (ETR 1-100) to the aquatic environment. Pesticides posing no risk included fenamiphos, abamectin, pendimethalin, captan, endosulfan, alachlor, bentazone and cyromazine (ETR<1). The pesticides posing a possible risk to the aquatic ecosystem were evaluated further to determine their effects on 8 grouped endpoints using the PERPEST effect model. Deltamethrin and cypermethrin were again noted as posing the greatest risk and clear effects were eminent for aquatic insects and macro-crustaceans, followed by micro-crustaceans and rotifers. High percentages of clear effects on insects were also observed for carbaryl, parathion and dichlorvos. Linuron was indicated as having minimal clear effects on community metabolism, macrophytes and phytoplankton classes, while lesser clear effects of bromoxynil occurred on periphyton communities. Application of both the lower-tier PRIMET and higher-tier PERPEST models showed similar trends in that they both ranked the top 5 pesticides in the same order of risk. This approach offers a significant improvement over the presently-used simulation models or use of safety factors. It is therefore especially useful in developing countries such as South Africa, where pesticide environmental risk information is scarce. Although these models were effectively used in this study, it still has to be validated further under South African conditions.	Aquatic ecosystem; Pesticides; Risk-assessment model	Agricultural chemicals; Aquaculture; Biochemistry; Catchments; Developing countries; Ecology; Ecosystems; Environmental impact; Herbicides; Insecticides; Pesticides; Population statistics; Probability; Risk management; Risks; Safety factor; Water management; Abamectin; Alachlor; Aldicarb; Application schemes; Aquatic ecosystem; Aquatic ecosystems; Aquatic environments; Aquatic insects; Aquatic organisms; Bentazone; Bromoxynil; Carbaryl; Cypermethrin; Deltamethrin; Dichlorvos; Ecotoxicological; Effect models; Endosulfan; Environmental risks; External-; Fenamiphos; Input datums; Linuron; Macrophytes; Methomyl; Pendimethalin; Periphyton communities; Probabilistic risk assessments; Simulation models; South Africa; Study areas; Tiered approaches; Risk assessment; aquatic ecosystem; catchment; ecotoxicology; environmental impact; environmental risk; metabolism; pesticide; risk assessment; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Alligator; Crustacea; Hexapoda; Rotifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880922563	The use of feathers in monitoring bioaccumulation of metals and metalloids in the South African endangered African grass-owl (Tyto capensis)	Ansara-Ross T.M., Ross M.J., Wepener V.	2013	Ecotoxicology	22	6	10.1007/s10646-013-1095-4	Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg Auckland Park, PO Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Water Research Group (Ecotoxicology), Research Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Ansara-Ross, T.M., Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg Auckland Park, PO Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Ross, M.J., Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg Auckland Park, PO Box 524, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa; Wepener, V., Water Research Group (Ecotoxicology), Research Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Few studies have quantified metals in South African species and no published data on residues specifically in South African owl feathers exist. Tyto capensis is listed as vulnerable within South Africa, making it preferable to use a non-invasive technique to determine metal bioaccumulation for this species. Comparisons are made with the cosmopolitan T. alba to determine whether this species could be used as a surrogate. Concentrations of various metals were thus determined in feathers of the two species and compared with liver and muscle samples. Samples were taken from 119 owls collected as road kill along a national road. A comparison of concentrations in feathers revealed similarly higher concentrations of aluminium, antimony, lead, nickel, and strontium, whereas concentrations of chromium, copper, iron, manganese, selenium, titanium and zinc were similarly higher in internal tissues for both species. Metal concentrations of owls were comparable to those reported in literature and below toxic levels, suggesting that these metals were not likely to impact the owls. Further regressions between feathers and corresponding livers were examined to determine if feathers were indicative of internal metal burdens. Significant positive relationships were found for aluminium, copper, lead, nickel and vanadium in T. alba and nickel, manganese and vanadium in T. capensis. Preliminary results support the feasibility of using feathers as non-destructive indicators of environmental contamination in T. capensis although caution needs to be taken when interpreting the results. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Feathers; Metals; Owls; South Africa; Tyto capensis	aluminum; antimony; arsenic; cadmium; chromium; copper; iron; lead; manganese; metal; metalloid; nickel; selenium; strontium; titanium; vanadium; zinc; bioaccumulation; bioindicator; biomonitoring; bird; endangered species; feather; physiological response; sampling; toxicity; trace metal; animal tissue; article; bioaccumulation; endangered species; environmental monitoring; feasibility study; feather; female; geographic distribution; liver; male; muscle; nonhuman; owl; pollution; priority journal; quantitative analysis; sex difference; South Africa; species comparison; toxicity testing; Tyto alba; Tyto capensis; Animals; Chromium; Copper; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Feathers; Female; Iron; Lead; Male; Manganese; Metalloids; Nickel; Selenium; Strigiformes; Titanium; Vanadium; Zinc; South Africa; Strigiformes; Tyto capensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846269648	The effect of breathing an ambient low-density, hyperoxic gas on the perceived effort of breathing and maximal performance of exercise in well-trained athletes	Ansley L., Petersen D., Thomas A., St Clair Gibson A., Robson-Ansley P., Noakes T.D.	2007	British Journal of Sports Medicine	41	1	10.1136/bjsm.2006.026989	School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, United Kingdom; National Hyperbarics, Fairfield Suites, Kingsbury Hospital, Newlands, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom	Ansley, L., School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, United Kingdom, School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, United Kingdom; Petersen, D., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa; Thomas, A., National Hyperbarics, Fairfield Suites, Kingsbury Hospital, Newlands, Cape Town, South Africa; St Clair Gibson, A., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa; Robson-Ansley, P., Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom; Noakes, T.D., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa	Background: The role of the perception of breathing effort in the regulation of performance of maximal exercise remains unclear. Aims: To determine whether the perceived effort of ventilation is altered through substituting a less dense gas for normal ambient air and whether this substitution affects performance of maximal incremental exercise in trained athletes. Methods: Eight highly trained cyclists (mean SD) maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) = 69.9 (7.9) (mlO2/kg/min) performed two randomised maximal tests in a hyperbaric chamber breathing ambient air composed of either 35% O2/65% N2 (nitrox) or 35% O 2/65% He (heliox). A ramp protocol was used in which power output was incremented at 0.5 W/s. The trials were separated by at least 48 h. The perceived effort of breathing was obtained via Borg Category Ratio Scales at 3-min intervals and at fatigue. Oxygen consumption (VO2) and minute ventilation (VE) were monitored continuously. Results: Breathing heliox did not change the sensation of dyspnoea: there were no differences between trials for the Borg scales at any time point. Exercise performance was not different between the nitrox and heliox trials (peak power output = 451 (58) and 453 (56) W), nor was VO2max (4.96 (0.61) and 4.88 (0.65) I/ min) or maximal VE (157 (24) and 163 (22) l/min). Between-trial variability in peak power output was less than either VO2max or maximal VE. Conclusion: Breathing a less dense gas does not improve maximal performance of exercise or reduce the perception of breathing effort in highly trained athletes, although an attenuated submaximal tidal volume and VE with a concomitant reduction in VO2 suggests an improved gas exchange and reduced O2 cost of ventilation when breathing heliox.	None	heliox; nitrogen; oxygen; adult; article; athlete; breathing mechanics; controlled study; dyspnea; exercise; exhaustion; fatigue; human; human experiment; oxygen consumption; training; Adult; Anaerobic Threshold; Analysis of Variance; Bicycling; Ergometry; Exercise Test; Helium; Humans; Nitrogen; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Respiration; Single-Blind Method	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-19944416234	Monitoring the oceanic flow between Africa and Antarctica: Report of the first GoodHope cruise	Ansorge I.J., Speich S., Lutjeharms J.R.E., Göni G.J., Rautenbach C.J.D.W., Froneman P.W., Rouault M., Garzoli S.	2005	South African Journal of Science	101	42371	None	Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa; LPO/UBO UFR Sciences, 6 ave. Le Gorgeu, 29285 Brest Cedex, France; NOAA/AOML, U.S. Department of Commerce, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States; Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Southern Ocean Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Physical Oceanography Division, NOAA/AOML, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States	Ansorge, I.J., Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa; Speich, S., LPO/UBO UFR Sciences, 6 ave. Le Gorgeu, 29285 Brest Cedex, France; Lutjeharms, J.R.E., Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa; Göni, G.J., NOAA/AOML, U.S. Department of Commerce, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States; Rautenbach, C.J.D.W., Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Froneman, P.W., Southern Ocean Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Rouault, M., Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa; Garzoli, S., Physical Oceanography Division, NOAA/AOML, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States	THE SOUTHERN OCEAN PLAYS A MAJOR role in the global oceanic circulation, as a component of the Meridional Overturning Circulation, and it is postulated that it has a great influence on present-day climate. However, our understanding of its complex three-dimensional dynamics and of the impact of its variability on the climate system is rudimentary. The newly constituted, international GoodHope research venture aims to address this knowledge gap by establishing a programme of regular observations across the Southern Ocean between the African and Antarctic continents. The objectives of this programme are fivefold: (1) to improve understanding of Indo-Atlantic inter-ocean exchanges and their impact on the global thermohaline circulation and thus on global climate change; (2) to understand in more detail the influence these exchanges have on the climate variability of the southern African subcontinent; (3) to monitor the variability of the main Southern Ocean frontal systems associated with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current; (4) to study air-sea exchanges and their role on the global heat budget, with particular emphasis on the intense exchanges occurring within the Agulhas Retroflection region south of South Africa, and (5) to examine the role of major frontal systems as areas of elevated biological activity and as biogeographical barriers to the distribution of plankton. We present here preliminary results on the physical and biological structure of the frontal systems using the first GoodHope transect that was completed during February-March 2004.	None	oceanic circulation; oceanic regions; Southern Ocean; World	None
WoS	WOS:000320574400008	Randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of an interactive group counseling intervention for HIV-positive women on prenatal depression and disclosure of HIV status	Antelman, Gretchen,Blander, Jeffrey,Chopyak, Elena,Cyprian, Fileuka,Emmons, Karen M.,Fawzi, Mary C. Smith,Kaaya, Sylvia F.,Levine, Michelle,Matsumoto, Kenji	2013	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	25	7	10.1080/09540121.2013.763891	Columbia University, Harvard University, University of Massachusetts Boston, University of Massachusetts System, Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci	"Antelman, Gretchen: Columbia University","Blander, Jeffrey: Harvard University","Chopyak, Elena: Harvard University","Emmons, Karen M.: Harvard University","Fawzi, Mary C. Smith: Harvard University","Levine, Michelle: University of Massachusetts Boston","Levine, Michelle: University of Massachusetts System","Matsumoto, Kenji: Harvard University",	The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of group counseling, using a problem-solving therapy approach, on reducing depressive symptoms and increasing prenatal disclosure rates of HIV status among HIV-positive pregnant women living in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A randomized controlled trial was performed comparing a six-week structured nurse-midwife facilitated psychosocial support group with the standard of care. Sixty percent of women in the intervention group were depressed post-intervention, versus 73% in the control group [Relative Risk (RR) = 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67-1.01, p=0.066]. HIV disclosure rates did not differ across the two study arms. However, among those women who disclosed, there was a significantly higher level of overall personal satisfaction with the response to disclosure from family and friends among women in the treatment (88%) compared to the control group (62%; p=0.004). The results indicate reductions in the level of depressive symptoms comparable with major depressive disorder (MDD) for HIV-positive pregnant women participating in a group counseling intervention. Although the psychosocial group counseling did not significantly increase disclosure rates, an improvement in the level of personal satisfaction resulting from disclosure was associated with the intervention. This suggests that the counseling sessions have likely reduced the burden of depression and helped clients better manage partner reactions to disclosure. Public agencies and non-governmental organizations working in Tanzania and similar settings should consider offering structured psychosocial support groups to HIV-positive pregnant women to prevent poor mental health outcomes, promote early childhood development, and potentially impact HIV-related disease outcomes in the long term.	DEPRESSION,DISCLOSURE,HIV,PREGNANCY,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",Tanzania,DAR-ES-SALAAM,"DISEASE PROGRESSION",HEALTH-PROBLEMS,"INFECTED PREGNANT-WOMEN",PREVENTION,"SEROSTATUS DISCLOSURE",SOUTH-AFRICA,TANZANIA,THERAPY,TRANSMISSION	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79958157120	Assessment of the impact of latrine utilization on diarrhoeal diseases in the rural community of Hulet Ejju Enessie Woreda, East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region	Anteneh A., Kumie A.	2010	Ethiopian Journal of Health Development	24	2	None	East Gojjam Zonal Health Department, Amahara Regional Health Bureau, P.O. Box: 495, Ethiopia; School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Ethiopia	Anteneh, A., East Gojjam Zonal Health Department, Amahara Regional Health Bureau, P.O. Box: 495, Ethiopia; Kumie, A., School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 9086, Ethiopia	Background: The construction of latrine is a relatively simple technology that is used to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. While household access is important, community sanitation coverage is even more important to improve health through the regular use of well-maintained sanitation facilities. Objective: Assessing the impact of latrine utilization on diarrhoeal diseases in the rural community in the district of Hulet Ejju Enessie Woreda, East Gojam. Method: A community based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a randomly selected 824 households that had 90% latrine coverage at the time data collection in 2006. A structured and pre-tested questionnaire complemented with observation was used to collect data. The study area is found in one of the districts of East Gojjam where the health services extension program was actively underway. Trained data collectors and supervisors were involved in the study. Data entry and cleaning was done using EPI INFO 6.04d, while SPSS version 11 was used for data analysis. Results: Most (61%) households with traditional pit latrines had latrine utilization. In a bivaraite analysis, the extent of latrine utilization was significantly associated with presence of primary or secondary school children in the house [AOR: 1.47, 95% CI: (1.04-2.06)], perceived reasons for latrine construction [AOR: 2.89, 95% CI: (1.24-6.72)] and learning from neighborhoods [AOR: 10.07, 95% CI: (1.97-51.56)], ecology of 'Kolla' [AOR: 0.47, 95% CI: (0.29-0.74) and 'Woyna-Dega' [AOR: 0.55, 95% CI: (0.38-0.81), and owning latrines for >2 years [AOR: 2.13, 95% CI: (1.57-2.89)]. The occurrence of childhood diarrhoea was not statistically associated with the extent of latrine utilization [AOR: 0.63, 95% CI: (0.22-1.81)]; however, only owning latrines for >2 years remained significant in a multivariate analysis [AOR: 0.28, 95% CI: (0.12-0.66)]. Conclusion: Utilization of latrine facilities was common among the majority of households. The duration of having latrines had impacted the occurrence of childhood diarrhea.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922987630	Bank savings and bank credits in Nigeria: Determinants and impact on economic growth	Anthony O.	2012	International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues	2	3	None	Department of Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Anthony, O., Department of Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study investigated the determinants of bank savings in Nigeria as well as examined the impact of bank savings and bank credits on Nigeria’s economic growth from 1970- 2006. We adopted two impact models; Distributed Lag-Error Correction Model (DL-ECM) and Distributed Model. The empirical results showed a positive influence of values of GDP per capita (PCY), Financial Deepening (FSD), Interest Rate Spread (IRS) and negative influence of Real Interest Rate (RIR) and Inflation Rate (INFR) on the size of private domestic savings. Also a positive relationship exists between the lagged values of total private savings, private sector credit, public sector credit, interest rate spread, exchange rates and economic growth. We therefore recommend, among others, that government’s effort should be geared towards improving per capita income by reducing the unemployment rate in the country in a bid to accelerate growth through enhanced savings. © 2012, Econjournals. All rights reserved.	Bank; Credit; Economic growth; Financial sector; Saving	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746141273	Nutritive and anti-nutritive evaluation of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) leaves	Antia B.S., Akpan E.J., Okon P.A., Umoren I.U.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	5	2	10.3923/pjn.2006.166.168	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria	Antia, B.S., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Akpan, E.J., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Okon, P.A., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Umoren, I.U., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria	Levels of some nutrients and antinutrients of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas), leaves were determined using standard analytical methods. Crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate, moisture contents and calorific values were 24.85%, 4.90%, 7.20%, 11.10%, 51.95%, 82.21% and 351.30 kcal respectively. The vitamin composition was found to be at the levels of 0.672 mg/100g for vitamin A and 15.20 mg/100g for vitamin C. The elemental analysis of the leaves in mg/100g Dry matter (DM) indicated that the leaves contained appreciable levels of zinc (0.08), potassium (4.05), sodium (4.23), manganese (4.64), calcium (28.44), magnesium (340.00) and iron (16.00). The antinutrient composition for phytic acid, cyanide, tannins and total oxalate were 1.44 ± 0.02, 30.24 ± 0.02, 0.21 ± 0.02 and 308.00 ± 1.04 mg/100g respectively. These results reveal that the leaves contain an appreciable amount of nutrients, vitamins and mineral elements and low levels of toxicants and should be included in diets to supplement our daily allowance needed by the body. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Human diet; Minerals; Sweet potatoes; Vitamins	ascorbic acid; calcium; carbohydrate; cyanide; element; magnesium; manganese; oxalic acid; phytic acid; plant extract; potassium; retinol; sweet potato extract; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; vegetable oil; vegetable protein; zinc; article; ash; biomass; calorie; diet supplementation; moisture; nonhuman; nutrient content; nutritional assessment; nutritional health; nutritional requirement; nutritional value; phytochemistry; plant fiber; plant leaf; plant nutrient; sweet potato; Ipomoea batatas	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887592587	Preparation of well-defined dendrimer encapsulated ruthenium nanoparticles and their evaluation in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol according to the langmuir-hinshelwood approach	Antonels N.C., Meijboom R.	2013	Langmuir	29	44	10.1021/la402885k	Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland-Park 2006, South Africa	Antonels, N.C., Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland-Park 2006, South Africa; Meijboom, R., Research Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland-Park 2006, South Africa	This study discusses the preparation of various sized dendrimer encapsulated ruthenium nanoparticles (RuDEN) with the use of the generation 4 (G4), generation 5 (G5), and generation 6 (G6) hydroxyl-terminated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM-OH) dendrimers as templating agents. The size of the nanoparticles ranges from 1.1 to 2.2 nm. These catalysts were fully characterized using UV/vis spectrophotometry, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The RuDEN catalysts were evaluated in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4NP) in the presence of sodium borohydride (BH4-) for various concentrations of either. The kinetic data obtained were modeled to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation. The model allows the relation of the apparent rate constant to the total surface area S of the nanoparticle, the kinetic constant k which is related to the rate-determining step, and the adsorption constants K4NP and KBH4 for 4NP and borohydride, respectively. These parameters were calculated for each of the RuDENs, proving the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model to be suitable for the kinetic evaluation of RuDENs in the catalytic reduction of 4NP. © 2013 American Chemical Society.	None	Apparent rate constant; Langmuir Hinshelwood equation; Langmuir-Hinshelwood; Langmuir-Hinshelwood models; Rate determining step; Ruthenium Nanoparticles; Sodium boro hydrides; UV/vis spectrophotometry; Catalysts; Kinetics; Metal nanoparticles; Phenols; Rate constants; Transmission electron microscopy; Dendrimers	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939790411	Impacts of land tenure arrangements on the adaptive capacity of marginalized groups: The case of Ghana's Ejura Sekyedumase and Bongo districts	Antwi-Agyei P., Dougill A.J., Stringer L.C.	2015	Land Use Policy	49	None	10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.08.007	Department of Environmental Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom	Antwi-Agyei, P., Department of Environmental Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Dougill, A.J., Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Stringer, L.C., Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom	Climate change and variability continue to adversely impact the livelihoods of many agriculture-dependent households in dryland sub-Saharan Africa. Climate vulnerability is shaped by institutions and socioeconomic processes including land tenure arrangements and infrastructural development. This paper employs a participatory mixed-method approach including household questionnaire surveys, key informant interviews, oral narratives and focus group discussions to understand the dynamics of livelihood challenges in 6 dryland farming communities of different vulnerability status in Ghana. Acknowledging the importance of agronomic practices as well as economic and environmental processes in influencing climate vulnerability in dryland farming systems, this paper demonstrates how the complex land tenure system is implicitly involved in shaping the vulnerability of two groups of farmers (migrant farmers in the Ejura Sekyedumase district and female farmers in the Bongo district) by limiting the adaptation options available to these groups. Our results suggest that women's rights regarding land ownership should be formalized in land policy in order to reduce cultural discriminations against them. Opportunities for women to own and formalize land registration titles should be pursued by the Government of Ghana. This will help women to secure property rights over land and land use via mechanisms such as collateral to access credit, which could be used to implement climate adaptation practices. The rights of migrant workers should also be recognized in Ghana's land policy to provide them with opportunities for adaptation in a similar manner to non-migrants. Climate change adaptation policies should also consider the broader socioeconomic and environmental factors that hinder smallholder farmers' ability to implement adaptation measures. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Climate change and variability; Gender; Land tenure; Livelihoods; Migrant farmers; Participatory methods; Sub-Saharan Africa	adaptive management; climate change; dryland farming; gender; land tenure; land use planning; landownership; marginalization; property rights; smallholder; vulnerability; Ghana; Tragelaphus eurycerus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954860590	The effect of stake dimension on the field performance of two hardwoods with different durability classes	Antwi-Boasiako C., Allotey A.	2010	International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation	64	4	10.1016/j.ibiod.2009.11.004	Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana	Antwi-Boasiako, C., Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana; Allotey, A., Department of Wood Science and Technology, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ashanti, Ghana	Timber diversity is associated with virtually all types of wood structures for various end-uses including bridges and railway-sleepers. Some timbers resist bio-degradation and are termed naturally durable. Wood durability is influenced by numerous extrinsic and intrinsic factors; however, knowledge is scant about the role stake dimension plays. Therefore, the field performance of replicates of four dimensions (500 × 50 × 25; 250 × 25 × 12.5; 125 × 12.5 × 6.25; and 62.5 × 6.25 × 3.13 mm) from two commercially important hardwoods (Milicia excelsa and Sterculia rhinopetala) of different durabilities (i.e., high and moderate, respectively) was investigated for 5 years using the graveyard method with non-durable Ceiba pentandra as a control. Durability parameters assessed were visual durability ratings, hardness, and mass losses. C. pentandra usually performed worst in all parameters. Generally, a steady increase exists in degradation from the thickest stakes (500 × 50 × 25 mm) to the thinnest (62.5 × 6.25 × 3.13 mm). Thus, the greater the stake dimension, the smaller its visual durability rating, mass and hardness losses (i.e. more durable). However, few discrepancies occurred, as the thinnest stakes were often buried deep in the soil, decreasing their chances of getting attacked. M. excelsa remained harder and more durable for stakes of all dimensions (especially the thickest) than those of S. rhinopetala. However, the thinnest M. excelsa stakes unexpectedly recorded mean mass loss of 4.9%, compared with 2.1% for S. rhinopetala. The study shows wood dimension significantly affects its durability, which would inform timber engineers about their wood dimension choices for appropriate end-uses. © 2010.	End-use; Mass loss; Service-life; Visual durability rating; Wood dimension	End-uses; Field performance; Hardness loss; Intrinsic factors; Mass loss; Milicia excelsa; Visual durability rating; Wood durability; Wood structure; Degradation; Hardness; Hardwoods; Timber; Wooden buildings; Durability; bridge; deciduous tree; dicotyledon; durability; fieldwork; performance assessment; railway; timber; wood quality; Buildings; Degradation; Dimensions; Durability; Forests; Hardness; Hardwoods; Wood; Ceiba pentandra; Milicia excelsa; Sterculia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57349178497	Public sector reform in Sub-Saharan Africa: What can be learnt from the civil service performance improvement programme in Ghana?	Antwi K.B., Analoui F., Nana-Agyekum D.	2008	Public Administration and Development	28	4	10.1002/pad.503	University of Cape-Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Bradford Centre for International Development (BCID), University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom; Office of the Head of Civil Service (OHCS), Ghana	Antwi, K.B., University of Cape-Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Analoui, F., Bradford Centre for International Development (BCID), University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom; Nana-Agyekum, D., Office of the Head of Civil Service (OHCS), Ghana	This paper focuses on public sector management reform 'best-practice' case experience from Sub-Sahara African (SSA). Given that 'best-practice' is a relative concept and often debatable, the paper uses the Ghana Civil Service Performance Improvement Programme (GCSPIP) experience as rather a 'good-practice' case with the view to sharing the outcome and lessons to encourage collaborative-learning. It seeks to share the outcome and lessons learnt by the Ghana civil service reform with future public service reformers and to contribute to the literature. The paper concludes with an adaptable three-dimensional framework. The framework argues that successful future public service reform (PSR) should consider three broad issues: first, are the 'critical success factors', including wholehearted political leadership commitment; wholehearted bureaucratic leadership commitment; thoughtful synergistic planning/preparation; patience for implementation and evaluation; capacity to convince; neutralise and accommodate reform-phobias and critics; sustainable financial and technical resource availability and conscious nurturing of general public support. Second, is the need for reformers to appreciate the concerns of the public and the civil society scepticism of public 'institutions' and its 'operatives' and finally placing any reform programme in a country-specific context, including understanding its history, culture, politics, economy, sociology, ideology and values. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Civil service reform; Donors; Ghana Civil Service Performance Improvement Programme; International development partners; New public management; Public sector reform	best management practice; bureaucracy; civil service; civil society; leadership; public sector; Africa; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955005076	Hydrochemical analysis and evaluation of water quality in Angwan Jeba and its environs, Nasarawa State, northcentral Nigeria	Anudu G.K., Obrike S.E., Onuba L.N., Ikpokonte A.E.	2011	Research Journal of Applied Sciences	6	2	10.3923/rjasci.2011.128.135	Department of Geology and Mining, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria; Department of Geology, Anambra State University, Uli, Nigeria; Department of Geology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Anudu, G.K., Department of Geology and Mining, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria; Obrike, S.E., Department of Geology and Mining, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria; Onuba, L.N., Department of Geology, Anambra State University, Uli, Nigeria; Ikpokonte, A.E., Department of Geology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Angwan Jeba and its environs lies within the Basement Complex of northcentral Nigeria and is underlain by migmatitic gneiss, biotite gneiss, biotite schist, muscovite schist and older granites with minor intrusions of pegmatite and quartz veins. The study involved the hydrochemical characterisation of waters of the area to ascertain their chemistry, quality and suitability for domestic, livestock and irrigation purposes. A total of eight hand-dug wells, four hand-pump boreholes, one stream and two rivers water samples were analysed for their cations and anions. Physical parameters such as temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were measured in the field. Results of the analysed chemical (cations and anions) parameters ranged as follows: Ca 2+ (9.4-36.1 mg L -1), Mg 2+ (3.8-11.7 mg L -1), Na + (17.64-41.5 mg L -1), K + (4.36-18.14mg L -1), Fe (0.08-3.0 mg L -1), Cu (&lt;0.01 -0.99 mg L -1), HCO 3 - (84.08-134 mg L -1), Cl (37.3-49.79 mg L -1), SO 4 2- (13.2-23.4 mg L -1) and NO 3 - (ND-0.96 mg L -1). The Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Exchangeable Sodium Ratio (ESR) values varied between 0.73-l.59, -1.015-0.633 meq L -1, 159-450 μS cm -1 and O.333-1.187, respectively. Evaluation of the results revealed that the waters are fresh (130 &lt;TDS&lt;304mg L -1), soft to moderately hard (39.12&lt; TH&lt;128.85 mg L -1), slightly acidic to slightly alkaline (6.85&lt;pH&lt;7.20) have low to medium Salinity Hazard (SH) and belong to four water facies types namely: Na-HCO 3-Cl, Na-Ca-HCO 3-Cl, Ca-Na-HCO 3-Cl and Ca-Mg-HCO 3-Cl. These waters have acquired their chemistry from the basement rocks, dissolution of silicate minerals and cation exchange reactions. All the analysed parameters were within the WHO Guidelines for drinking water and therefore are considered to be suitable for domestic, livestock and irrigation purposes. © Medwell Journals, 2011.	Angwan jeba; Chemistry; Hydrochemical; Nigeria; Purposes; Quality	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61649093337	In vitro evaluation of the viability of vaginal cells (VK2/E6E7) and probiotic Lactobacillus species in lemon juice	Anukam K.C., Reid G.	2009	Sexual Health	6	1	10.1071/SH08037	Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, ON N6A4V2, Canada; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Nigeria	Anukam, K.C., Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, ON N6A4V2, Canada, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Nigeria; Reid, G., Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, ON N6A4V2, Canada	Background: Women, especially in developing countries, most often bear the brunt of HIV infections. The continued lack of viable vaccines and microbicides has made some women resort to using natural products such as lemon or lime juice to avoid infection. Few in vitro studies have been done on the effect of lemon juice on vaginal cells and lactobacilli that constitute the major microbiota in healthy women. Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of lemon juice on the viability of vaginal cells (VK2/E6E7) and vaginal Lactobacillus species. Methods: Vaginal cells were exposed to different concentrations (0-30%) of lemon juice at pH 2.3 and 4.5 for 10min. Viability was determined by staining the cells with propidium iodide and analysing them by flow cytometry. Lactobacillus organisms were dispensed into microplates with vaginally defined medium+peptone (VDMP) containing different concentrations of lemon juice ranging from 0 to 100%. Results: Lemon juice at pH 2.3 had a significant (P=0.03) toxic effect on the vaginal cell line used. At 30% concentration, the vaginal cells were practically non-viable, typified by a 95% loss of viability, whereas at pH 4.5 there was only 5% cell loss. Lemon juice had varying growth inhibitory effects on the Lactobacillus species tested. At pH 4.5 and using 10-30% lemon juice, there was a stimulatory growth effect on certain Lactobacillus species. Conclusions: Lemon juice (20-30%) at pH 2.3 was highly toxic to VK2/E6E7 cells, and at pH 4.5 there was no significant effect on the viability of the cells within 10min. Lemon juice above 10% at pH 2.3 was found to be detrimental to the growth of vaginal lactobacilli. Although lemon juice may be useful in other applications, its use in the vaginal region should be discouraged. © CSIRO 2009.	Bacteria; HIV; Lemon juice; Microbicides	propidium iodide; article; bacterial growth; cell viability; clinical evaluation; concentration response; controlled study; female; flow cytometry; growth inhibition; human; human cell; in vitro study; Lactobacillus; lemon juice; pH measurement; vagina flora; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Beverages; Cells, Cultured; Citrus aurantiifolia; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactobacillus; Species Specificity; Vagina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907916986	Evaluation of bacterial vaginosis (BV) using nugent scoring system	Anukam K.C., Idemoh C., Olise N.A.	2014	Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research	13	1	None	Department of Science Laboratory technology, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	Anukam, K.C., Department of Science Laboratory technology, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria; Idemoh, C., Department of Science Laboratory technology, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria; Olise, N.A., Department of Science Laboratory technology, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common form of vaginal infection with diverse etiology in women of reproductive age. It may lead to morbidity and obstetric/gynecological complications. This study was carried out to determine the usefulness of Nugent scoring system as a means of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis. Sixty seven (67) women between the ages of 16 and 45 years were enrolled in the study. Vaginal swabs were Gram stained and slides examined for Nugent scoring. BV was diagnosed in 13.4% of women and the highest prevalence found in the age group of 16-20 years. The relationships of a positive whiff test (P=0.0051), presence of clue cells (P=0.001) and a pH> 4.5 (P=0.0077) with bacterial vaginosis were shown to be statistically significant. Nugent scoring system appears to be a reliable and convenient method for laboratory evaluation of bacterial vaginosis. © CMS UNIBEN JMBR.	Bacterial vaginosis	adolescent; adult; Article; clue cell; female; Gram staining; gynecological examination; high risk population; human; human tissue; laboratory test; major clinical study; Nugent scoring system; prevalence; reliability; scoring system; vagina epithelium; vagina pH; vagina smear; vaginitis; whiff test	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919641680	The Diffusion and Impacts of Information and Communication Technology on Tourism in the Western Cape, South Africa	Anwar M.A., Carmody P., Surborg B., Corcoran A.	2013	Urban Forum	25	4	10.1007/s12132-013-9210-4	Department of Geography, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Tourism and Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Commission for Aviation Regulation, Dublin, Ireland	Anwar, M.A., Department of Geography, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, School of Tourism and Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Carmody, P., Department of Geography, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Surborg, B., Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Corcoran, A., Commission for Aviation Regulation, Dublin, Ireland	Two features of the globalising economy are its technological dynamism and its increasing service orientation. International tourism is an important element of the “new economy” of globalisation, as are new information and communication technologies. The relations between these two central elements of the reconfiguring world system have been under-theorised. Based on extensive primary fieldwork in Western Cape Province, South Africa, this paper explores the impact of new information and communication technologies on tourism development. It finds that, while these new technologies are extensively used in marketing and booking, in particular, foreign-owned websites have established a dominant command and control function, thereby replicating previous patterns of economic extraversion. © 2013, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Information and communication technologies; South Africa; Tourism	fieldwork; globalization; information and communication technology; international tourism; marketing; tourism development; World Wide Web; South Africa; Western Cape	None
WoS	WOS:000342925700003	Impact of some low-cost interventions on students' performance in a Nigerian medical school	Anyaehie, U. B.,Dim, C.,Iyare, E.,Nwagha, U.,Okafor, C.,Okeke, T.,Orizu, I.	2014	NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE	17	5	10.4103/1119-3077.141416	University of Nigeria	"Anyaehie, U. B.: University of Nigeria","Iyare, E.: University of Nigeria","Orizu, I.: University of Nigeria",	Background: Students' poor performance in physiology examinations has been worrisome to the university community. Reported preference of peer-tutoring to didactic lectures at the University of Nigeria Medical School has not been investigated. Aim: The aim of this work is to design/implement low-cost interventions to improve teaching and learning of physiology. Materials and Methods: This is a postintervention retrospective review of medical Student's performance in 2nd Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery examinations physiology. Data were collected and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using the MedCalc Statistical software (Turkey). The odds ratio (OR) was used to determine the chances of passing before and after the intervention. The level of significance was set at P &lt; 0.05. Results: A total of 2152 students sat for the professional examination over the study period, and 1485 students passed the examination at first attempt giving an overall pass rate of 69%. The pass rate from 2008 when our interventions started was significantly higher than the pass rate before this reform (OR: 0.53; 95% confidence interval: 0.43-0.64; P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion: Results support the engagement of teachers with strong translational interests and clinicians to augment existing faculty in basic sciences, innovative alternatives to passive lecture formats and students involvement in program evaluation.	LEARNING,"low-cost innovation","MEDICAL SCHOOL",NIGERIA,CURRICULUM,PHYSIOLOGY,UNIVERSITY	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956620295	Impact of cowpea addition on the Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score and other protein quality parameters of traditional African foods made from non-tannin and tannin sorghum	Anyango J.O., de Kock H.L., Taylor J.R.N.	2011	Food Chemistry	124	3	10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.06.094	Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Anyango, J.O., Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; de Kock, H.L., Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Taylor, J.R.N., Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Protein malnutrition is a problem in Africa where sorghum is a staple foodstuff. Improvement in the protein quality of traditional African sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) foods through the addition of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), an indigenous African legume, was investigated. Two sorghum cultivars, a red, tannin-type (NS 5511) and a white tan-plant, non-tannin type (Orbit) were complemented with cowpea (70:30 ratio). Ugali (thick porridge), uji (fermented thin porridge) and injera (fermented flatbread) were prepared. The protein lysine scores of cowpea-complemented foods were about double the levels of sorghum-only foods. The in vitro protein digestibility of the foods increased by 13-62%. The increase in lysine and protein digestibility improvement resulted in three- and two-fold improvement in the Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) of NS 5511, and Orbit foods, respectively. Addition of cowpea to tannin, as well as non-tannin sorghum is a viable option for improving the protein quality of a wide range of traditional African foods. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Cowpea; Lysine score; Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS); Protein quality; Sorghum; Tannins; Traditional African foods	Cowpea; Lysine score; Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS); Protein quality; Sorghum; Tannins; Traditional African foods; Amino acids; Proteins; lysine; tannin derivative; Africa; amino acid analysis; article; cowpea; cultivar; food; in vitro study; nonhuman; protein content; protein malnutrition; protein quality; sorghum; Sorghum bicolor; Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051783333	Evaluation of the functional quality of cowpea-fortified traditional African sorghum foods using instrumental and descriptive sensory analysis	Anyango J.O., de Kock H.L., Taylor J.R.N.	2011	LWT - Food Science and Technology	44	10	10.1016/j.lwt.2011.07.010	Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa	Anyango, J.O., Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; de Kock, H.L., Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa; Taylor, J.R.N., Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa	Despite nutritional advantages, the functional quality of cereal foods tends to decline when fortified with legumes. Traditional African cowpea-fortified sorghum foods were evaluated using instrumental and descriptive sensory analyses. Two sorghum cultivars, NS 5511 (tannin-type) and Orbit (non-tannin-type) were fortified with cowpea (70:30 ratio). Fortification reduced uji (fermented thin porridge) pasting peak viscosity and cool paste viscosity by up to 23% and 12%, respectively, probably as a result of starch content being reduced. NS 5511 injera (fermented thin flatbread) stiffness increased by up to 25%, probably due to a reduction in tannin content. Orbit injera stiffness reduced by up to 22% probably because increased protein content reduced starch retrogradation. Fortification increased the firmness of Orbit ugali (unfermented stiff porridge) by 45% and 17% as assessed by TA-XT2 Texture Analyser and the descriptive sensory panel, respectively. There was a 20% decrease in instrumental firmness of NS 5511 ugali as a result of fortification, which was not detected by the sensory panel. Fortification had generally no effect on the stickiness of ugali. Fortified ugali had a characteristic cowpea flavour. Principal component analysis (PCA) of ugali sensory attributes indicated a 30% variation due to the presence of cowpea. Most of the variation (47%) was attributed to sorghum cultivar. Sensory panel analysis concerning ugali firmness and stickiness correlated positively with the instrumental texture analysis. Fortification with cowpea affects texture and taste of traditional African sorghum foods, the extent to which largely depends on the sorghum cultivar concerned. Instrumental texture analysis relates well with human perception of sorghum food texture and can rapidly predict the effects of fortification with legumes on such foods. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	Cowpea; Food fortification; Food sensory analysis; Sorghum; Tannins	Cowpea; Food fortification; Sensory analysis; Sorghum; Tannins; Military engineering; Principal component analysis; Starch; Stiffness; Textures; Viscosity; Quality control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84957051334	Climate change: Impacts and threats on freshwater aquaculture	Anyanwu C.N., Osuigwe D.I., Adaka G.S.	2014	Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science	9	5	10.3923/jfas.2014.419.424	Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria	Anyanwu, C.N., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Osuigwe, D.I., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Adaka, G.S., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria	This study examines the major effects of climate charge on aquaculture, especially on the freshwater ecosystem. Aquaculture as established is not practiced evenly across the world. Therefore, the study highlights the current aquaculture practices within the regions and across the different environments to ascertain the major effects of climate variations on the freshwater ecosystem and aquaculture practices in particular. The main elements of climate change that would impact on aquaculture production, such as sea level and temperature rise, changes is Monsoon patterns and extreme climatic events and water stress, among others were properly looked at and the reasons for their effects addressed. The different elements of climate change that are experienced in varying degrees can be either positive or negative or directly or indirectly depending on the different culture systems that are practiced. It is in the process of our study that we brought out the complex attributes of climate change as it affects aquaculture productivity and the possible roles that the society can play to ameliorate the harsh effects of this ugly monster, referred to as “Climate change and the consequent global warming trends”. © 2014 Academic Journals Inc.	Aquaculture; Climate; Freshwater; Global warming	aquaculture production; climate change; climate effect; freshwater ecosystem; global warming	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41449088732	Performance, carcass characteristics and economy of production of broilers fed maize-grit and brewers dried grain replacing maize	Anyanwu G.A., Iheukwumere F.C., Emerole C.O.	2008	International Journal of Poultry Science	7	2	None	Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Abia State University, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Economics and	Anyanwu, G.A., Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria; Iheukwumere, F.C., Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Abia State University, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria; Emerole, C.O., Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Abia State University, PMB 7010, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria	A 28-day feeding trial involving ninety-six (96) four weeks old broiler chicks was conducted to investigate the effect of total replacement of maize with different combination ratios of maize grit and Brewers Dried Grain (BDG) on the performance, carcass characteristics and economy of finisher broilers. Four experimental diets were formulated by substituting maize with maize grit and BDG in the ratio of T1 (0%); T2 (3:1-45 + 15); T 3 (1:1-30 + 30) and T4 (1:3-15 + 45) respectively. The birds were randomly assigned to four treatment diets. Each experimental unit of 24 birds was replicated twice giving 12 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). Feed and water were provided ad-libitum. Body weight and weight gain per feed intake through higher at high cost with the control diet improved in cheaper diets formulated with maize grit and BDG. There was no consistency in the carcass characteristics of the groups particularly among the internal organs showing that dietary maize grit ad BDG could not pose any discernible nutritional problems that might manifest in the carcass of the broilers. Cheaper feed formulated with maize grit and BDG gave the higher gross margins especially diet 4. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Broilers; Carcass; Economy of production; Maize; Maize grit-brewers dried grain; Performance	Aves; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938372328	Nocturnal enuresis among Nigerian children and its association with sleep, behavior and school performance	Anyanwu O.U., Ibekwe R.C., Orji M.L.	2015	Indian Pediatrics	52	7	10.1007/s13312-015-0680-4	From the Departments of Pediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Anyanwu, O.U., From the Departments of Pediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Ibekwe, R.C., University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Orji, M.L., From the Departments of Pediatrics, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Objective: To study the association of nocturnal enuresis with sleep, behavior and school performance. Methods: Hospital-based, cross-sectional descriptive study of 216 children (≥6-year-old) using structured questionnaire and behavioral tools. Results: Prevalence of enuresis was 37.0%. Nocturnal enuresis was significantly associated with abnormal behaviour (P=0.049) and poor sleep hygiene (P<0.05). School performance was not associated with enuresis. Conclusion: Children with nocturnal enuresis were at an increased risk of behavioral problems and poor sleep hygiene. © 2015, Indian Academy of Pediatrics.	Association; Bed wetting; Behavioral disorders; Co-morbidity	abnormal behavior; academic achievement; Article; child; child behavior; cross-sectional study; disease association; female; high risk behavior; human; hygiene; major clinical study; male; Nigerian; nocturnal enuresis; prevalence; punishment; sex ratio; sleep; structured questionnaire; wakefulness; Child Behavior Disorders; comorbidity; Nigeria; nocturnal enuresis; physiology; questionnaire; sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; student; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Nigeria; Nocturnal Enuresis; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939630358	Enhancing growth performance of Chromolaena odorata in two soil samples by using cow manure as amendment	Anyasi R., Atagana H.	2014	Pakistan Journal of Botany	46	5	None	Department of Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Institute for Science and Technology Education, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa	Anyasi, R., Department of Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Atagana, H., Institute for Science and Technology Education, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa	A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of cow manure on the growth of Chromolaena odorata propagated for the purpose of phytoremediation of organic contaminant in soil. Cow manure was mixed separately with two soil types: clay soil and sandy-loam soils in a ratio of 9:1 (soil:manure) and put into 2 L PVC pots, the homogenized soil types were measured into 2 L PVC planting pots. Selected sprouting stem cuttings of Chromolaena odorata were transplanted into the pots containing the soil-manure mixture. Nutrient status of the soil was monitored weekly through the period of experimentation and the growth of the plants and biomass accumulation were measured. Control experiment was set up with manure. Survival of plants after transplanting was highest for cuttings transplanting after 3 weeks (95%) and 5 weeks (50%) of sprouting in the nursery. Profuse growth of plants in the both amended soil types were observed when compared with the control. Biomass accumulation was significantly higher in amended soils compared to the control. This study has shown that organic manure amendment to both soil types can enhance the growth and biomass accumulation of Chromolaena odorata. This is a good indication that the amendment could be beneficial in soil phytoremediation studies involving C. odorata. © 2014, Pakistan Botanical Society. All rights reserved.	Chromolaena odorata; Growth enhancement; Growth performances; Soil	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945933906	Hematological and lipid profile evaluation of a hexane fraction of Costus afer leaves in arthritic rats	Anyasor G.N., Onajobi F.D., Osilesi O., Adebawo O.	2015	Pharmaceutical Biology	53	11	10.3109/13880209.2014.1001404	Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin S. Carson School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, P.M.B. Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, O.A.C.H.S.	Anyasor, G.N., Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin S. Carson School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, P.M.B. Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Onajobi, F.D., Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin S. Carson School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, P.M.B. Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Osilesi, O., Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin S. Carson School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, P.M.B. Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Adebawo, O., Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin S. Carson School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilisan Remo, Ogun State, P.M.B. Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, O.A.C.H.S., Olabisi Onabanjo University, Remo Campus, Ikenne, Nigeria	Context: Costus afer Ker Gawl. (Costaceae) is an ethnomedical plant used as therapy against inflammatory disorders. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the hematological and lipid profile analysis of hexane fraction of C. afer leaves (CAHLF) in arthritic rats. Materials and methods: Male albino rats were randomly distributed into seven groups of six rats each. Rats were induced with arthritis using formaldehyde and Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) for 7 and 21 d, respectively. The animals were administered orally with 50, 100, and 250 mg/kg CAHLF, 10 mg/kg diclofenac and prednisolone, 0.9% NaCl (control), and 0.9% NaCl (normal). At the end of treatment periods, blood samples were withdrawn and subjected to hematological and biochemical analysis using auto-analyzer and spectrophotometric methods. Results: Hematological analysis revealed that in formaldehyde- and CFA-induced arthritic rat models, 250 mg/kg CAHLF-treated groups had significantly reduced (p&lt;0.05) hematocrit counts (HC) (30.98 ± 1.59% and 33.55 ± 1.10%), white blood cell counts (WBC) (5.50 ± 0.35 and 4.15 ± 0.82×109/L), and platelet counts (PC) (401.50 ± 48.94 and 246.33 ± 5.54×109/L) compared with control HC (46.90 ± 1.92 and 41.88 ± 2.19%), WBC (11.09 ± 0.26 and 7.37 ± 0.34×109/L), and PC (783.67 ± 59.51 and 593.83 ± 36.3×109/L). Furthermore, blood analysis showed that CAHLF-treated groups had reduced total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides while they had an elevated high-density lipoprotein compared with the control group. Discussion and conclusion: Findings from this study indicated that CAHLF could possess immunomodulatory and hypolipidemic properties in arthritic rats. CAHLF could be considered as a source of biopharmaceutical agents in anti-arthritis drug discovery process. © 2015 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.	Bioactive compounds; Ethno-medicine; Immunomodulation	cholesterol; Costus afer extract; diclofenac; formaldehyde; Freund adjuvant; hexane; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; lipid; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; plant extract; prednisolone; sodium chloride; triacylglycerol; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; arthritis; Article; blood analysis; blood sampling; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; Costaceae; Costus afer; drug dose comparison; hematocrit; hematological parameters; hypolipemia; immunomodulation; leukocyte count; lipid blood level; male; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; thrombocyte count; treatment outcome	None
None	None	Effect of cell length on the performance of segmented-in-series solid oxide fuel cells fabricated using decalcomania method	An Y.-T., Ji M.-J., Hwang H.J., Park S.E., Choi B.-H.	2015	Nippon Seramikkusu Kyokai Gakujutsu Ronbunshi/Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan	123	1436	10.2109/jcersj2.123.178	Electronic Materials Module Team, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Ceramic Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nelsom Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania	An, Y.-T., Electronic Materials Module Team, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Seoul, South Korea; Ji, M.-J., Electronic Materials Module Team, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Seoul, South Korea; Hwang, H.J., Department of Ceramic Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea; Park, S.E., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nelsom Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania; Choi, B.-H., Electronic Materials Module Team, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Seoul, South Korea	Segmented-in-series solid oxide fuel cells (SIS-SOFC) have been stacked on all sides of a porous ceramic support using decalcomania method. When cells are stacked using decalcomania method, the cell components do not penetrate into the porous support or neighboring layers, resulting in excellent interfacial bonding. The cell components formed uniform thickness as well. Since the current flows laterally in SIS-SOFC, the cells are prepared having dimensions of 8 and 5mm in length to minimize their lateral resistance. Subsequent power output characteristics have been studied. As cell length decrease from 8 to 5 mm, the open circuit voltage and maximum power density increase. This is attributed to the lower lateral resistance due to shorter current path. Impedance analysis also shows that ohmic resistances decrease substantially with decreasing cell length. © 2015 The Ceramic Society of Japan.	Cell length; Decalcomania paper; Ohmic resistance; Segmented-in-series; Solid oxide fuel cell	Fuel cells; Ohmic contacts; Open circuit voltage; Cell lengths; Impedance analysis; Interfacial bonding; Lateral resistance; Maximum power density; Ohmic resistance; Power output characteristics; Segmented-in-series; Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40749116957	The genus Hyalomma koch, 1844: V. re-evaluation of the taxonomic rank of taxa comprising the H. (Euhyalomma) marginatum koch complex of species (Acari: Ixodidae) with redescription of all parasitic stages and notes on biology	Apanaskevich D.A., Horak I.G.	2008	International Journal of Acarology	34	1	None	United States National Tick Collection, Institute of Arthropodology and Parasitology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460-8056, United States; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Apanaskevich, D.A., United States National Tick Collection, Institute of Arthropodology and Parasitology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460-8056, United States; Horak, I.G., Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	The systematic morphology of species within the Hyalomma (Euhyalomma) marginatum Koch complex of ticks is illustrated and their relationships within this assemblage are discussed. Traditionally this group comprises the extremely polymorphic species Hyalomma (Euhyalomma) marginatum Koch, 1844 subdivided into four subspecies, namely H. (E.) marginatum marginatum Koch, 1844; H. (E.) marginatum rufipes Koch, 1844; H. (E.) marginatum isaaci Sharif, 1928 and H. (E.) marginatum turanicum Pomerantzev, 1946. A fifth member of the association, namely H. (E.) glabrum Delpy, 1949, has recently been re-instated as a full species. The taxonomic rank of the first mentioned four ticks is herein raised to species level. Details on the repositories of type specimens, synonyms, descriptions, variability, hosts, geographic distribution, and disease relationships of these four ticks are provided, and all their developmental stages are illustrated.	Acari; Female; Geographic distribution; H (E.) isaaci sharif; H (E.) turanicum pomerantzev; H. (E.) marginatum koch; H. (E.) rufipes koch; Hyalomma (euhyalomma) marginatum koch complex; Ixodidae; Larva; Male; Nymph; Systematics	Acari; Hyalomma; Hyalomma marginatum; Hyalomma marginatum marginatum; Hyalomma marginatum rufipes; Hyalomma rufipes; Ixodida; Ixodidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43249129636	Growth performance, nutrient digestibility and immune response of broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with a culture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus	Apata D.F.	2008	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	88	7	10.1002/jsfa.3214	Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Apata, D.F., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	BACKGROUND: Probiotics are being developed for use in animal feed to enhance production performance and prevention of gastrointestinal infections. The ban on using antibiotics as growth promoters, antibiotic resistance and the inherent problems of developing new vaccines make a compelling case for developing alternatives for in-feed antibiotics. The alternatives of choice have to be considered under the environmental conditions of the animal. Among the probiotics in use today, Lactobacillus has been shown to play a vital role in disease prevention, immune enhancement, improved growth and carcass yield in poultry. The present study investigates the effect of Lactobacillus bulgaricus (LB)-based probiotic on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and immune response of broilers under tropical environmental conditions. RESULTS: Broilers fed LB diets consumed more feed (P &lt; 0.05) and had greater body weight gain than the control group. Feed/gain ratio improved significantly (P &lt; 0.05) with the 20, 40 and 60 mg kg-1 LB diets compared with the control or 80 mg kg-1 LB diet. The apparent digestibilities of nitrogen and fat increased with LB supplementation. However, there was no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) in fibre digestibility. White blood cell count increased significantly in broilers fed higher levels (&gt;40 mg kg -1) of LB compared with the control group. Antibody production measured as antibody titre against Newcastle disease vaccine showed a curvilinear response over the range of LB concentrations examined. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that LB addition to broiler chick diets significantly improved growth performance, increased nutrient digestibility and stimulated humoral immune response. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry.	Broiler chick; Immune response; Lactobacillus bulgaricus; Nutrient digestibility; Performance	Animalia; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650264375	Evaluation of the powder and compaction properties of microcrystalline starch (MCS) derived from cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) starch by enzymatic hydrolysis	Apeji Y.E., Oyi A.R., Musa H.	2010	Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care	2	4	None	Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	Apeji, Y.E., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Oyi, A.R., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Musa, H., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria	The aim of this study was to investigate and determine the powder and compaction properties of microcrystalline starch (MCS) and compare with the properties of a well known direct compression filler-binder, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Cassava starch was extracted from the freshly harvested tubers of Manihot esculenta Crantz and subjected to 5hours of enzymatic hydrolysis to yield microcrystalline starch. The powder and compaction properties were evaluated and compared with MCC 101, a commercial brand of microcrystalline cellulose. Results of the powder properties of MCS revealed differences in the particle size, angle of repose, flow rate, bulk density, tapped density, true density, Hausner's ratio, Carr's index and powder porosity when compared to MCC. The compaction studies of both materials revealed that MCS had a faster onset of deformation and a greater extent of deformation in comparison to MCC. These results suggest that MCS has the potential of being used as a filler-binder in direct compression tableting.	Compaction properties; Direct compression tableting and Filler-binder; Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC); Microcrystalline starch (MCS); Powder properties	amylase; microcrystalline cellulose; microcrystalline starch; starch; unclassified drug; article; cassava; controlled study; density gradient; excipient compatibility; flow rate; hydration; hydrolysis; moisture; nonhuman; particle size; tablet compression; tablet formulation; tablet porosity; tablet property	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863437399	Formulation and evaluation of ascorbic acid tablets by direct compression using microcrystalline starch as a direct compression excipient	Apeji Y.E., Oyi A.R., Musa H.	2011	International Journal of Health Research	4	3	None	Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Apeji, Y.E., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Oyi, A.R., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Musa, H., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	PURPOSE: To evaluate the tableting properties of microcrystalline starch (MCS) used as a direct compression excipient in the formulation of ascorbic acid tablets and to compare with the properties of tablets produced using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). METHODS: MCS was obtained by partial hydrolysis of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) starch using the enzyme, α-amylase. The hydrolysis was allowed to proceed for 5 hr under controlled temperature and pH (56 °C, 6). The derived MCS was recovered by filtration after precipitation with ethanol (95%v/v). Powder properties were investigated and tablets of ascorbic acid were formulated using MCS and MCC as direct compression excipients. RESULTS: Mechanical properties of tablets formulated with MCS were comparable to those of MCC. Tablets formulated with MCS disintegrated within 15 min and gave a 100% release of ascorbic acid within 30 min compared to MCC which disintegrated after 60 min. CONCLUSION: MCS can be incorporated as a direct compression excipient in the formulation of heat and/or moisture sensitive drugs by direct compression. © Poracom Academic Publishers. All rights reserved.	α-amylase; Mechanical properties; Microcrystalline cellulose; Partial hydrolysis; Powder properties	ascorbic acid; excipient; microcrystalline cellulose; microcrystalline starch; unclassified drug; article; controlled study; crushing strength; drug release; hydrolysis; tablet compression; tablet disintegration time; tablet formulation; tablet friability; tablet porosity; tablet thickness; tensile strength; water absorption	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62749083911	Performance data of screening mammography at a dedicated breast health centre	Apffelstaedt J.P., Steenkamp V., Baatjes K.	2008	South African Medical Journal	98	12	None	Department of Surgery, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, W. Cape, South Africa; Panorama, Western Cape, South Africa	Apffelstaedt, J.P., Department of Surgery, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, W. Cape, South Africa; Steenkamp, V., Department of Surgery, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, W. Cape, South Africa; Baatjes, K., Panorama, Western Cape, South Africa	Background. Mammographic screening has become part of routine health care. We present a first analysis of screening mammography in a dedicated breast health centre in Africa. Objective. To establish a performance benchmark and provide data for health care policy and funding decisions on screening mammography. Method. All mammography performed between January 2003 and August 2008 was entered into a prospective database. Mammography was performed exclusively by certified mammographers and double-read by experienced readers. Results. Outcomes were classified in a simplified classification system based on the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS). In 40-49-year-old women, 3 192 mammograms led to a recall rate of 4.7%, a biopsy rate of 1.9% and a cancer diagnosis rate of 3.8 per 1000 examinations, for women of 50 years and older, the corresponding figures were 4 446, 5.4%, 2.6% and 9.7 per 1 000. Of the cancers detected, 31% were in situ and, of the invasive cancers, 81% were node-negative. These figures were established by a dedicated surgeon-led team and fall within the range expected in organised screening programmes in resource-rich environments, providing a first benchmark for screening mammography in Africa.	None	adult; Africa; age distribution; article; breast biopsy; breast cancer; cancer incidence; cancer invasion; cancer screening; carcinoma in situ; female; human; mammography; women's health; Adult; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Health Facilities; Humans; Mammography; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Reproducibility of Results; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000285998100002	Evaluation of Trauma and Critical Care Training Courses on the Knowledge and Confidence of Participants in Kenya and Zambia	Aphivantrakul, Paul,Labib, Mohammed,Lupasha, Emanual,MacLeod, Jana B. A.,Nthele, Mzaza,Okech, Moses	2011	WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGERY	35	1	10.1007/s00268-010-0810-z	Emory University, University of Zambia, Nakuru Prov Hosp, Univ Teaching Hosp	"Aphivantrakul, Paul: Emory University","Labib, Mohammed: University of Zambia","Lupasha, Emanual: University of Zambia","MacLeod, Jana B. A.: Emory University","Nthele, Mzaza: University of Zambia",	Background Trained health-care personnel are essential for improved outcomes for injured and critically ill patients. The highest injury-related mortality is seen in sub-Saharan Africa, where there is a paucity of skilled personnel. Therefore, the College of Surgeons of East, Central, and Southern Africa (COSECSA) along with Emory University provided an acute trauma care (ATC) and fundamental critical care support course (FCCS). This study evaluates the impact of American-derived courses on the knowledge and confidence of participants from resource-limited countries. Methods Courses were held in Lusaka, Zambia, and Nakuru, Kenya. Participants were COSECSA trainees and personnel from local institutions. The evaluation used a pre-/postcourse multiple-choice exam for knowledge acquisition and a pre-/postcourse questionnaire for confidence assessment. Confidence was measured using a 5-point Likert score, with 5 being the highest level of confidence. Confidence or self-reported efficacy is correlated with increased performance of new skills. Results There were 75 participants (median age = 31 years, 67% male). Three-quarters of the participants reported no prior specific training in either trauma or critical care. Knowledge increased from an average of 51 to 63.3% (p = 0.002) overall, with a 21.7% gain for those who scored in the lowest quartile. Confidence increased from pre- to postcourse on all measures tested: 22 clinical situations (10 trauma, 9 critical care, 3 either) and 15 procedures (p &lt; 0.001 for all measures both individually and aggregated, Wilcoxon rank sum test). The strongest absolute increase in confidence, as well as the largest number of participants who reported any increase, were all in the procedures of cricothyroidotomy [median: pre = 3 (IQR: 2-3) to post = 5 (IQR: 4-5)], DPL [median: pre = 3 (IQR: 2-4) to post = 5 (IQR: 4-5)], and needle decompression [median: pre = 3 (IQR: 3-4) to post = 5 (IQR: 5-5)]. Conclusions Participants from resource-limited countries benefit from ATC/FCCS courses as demonstrated by increased knowledge and confidence across all topics presented. However, the strongest increase in confidence was in performing life-saving procedures. Therefore, future courses should emphasize essential procedures, reduce didactics, and link knowledge acquisition to skill-based teaching.	,"BEHAVIORAL CHANGE",COUNTRIES,INTENSIVE-CARE,MEDICINE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940387791	Ultrasound evaluation of obstructive uropathy and its hemodynamic responses in southwest Nigeria	Apoku I.N., Ayoola O.O., Salako A.A., Idowu B.M.	2015	International Braz J Urol	41	3	10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2014.0197	Department of Radiology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile - Ife, Osun state, Nigeria; Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile - Ife, Osun state, Nigeria	Apoku, I.N., Department of Radiology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile - Ife, Osun state, Nigeria; Ayoola, O.O., Department of Radiology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile - Ife, Osun state, Nigeria; Salako, A.A., Department of Surgery, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile - Ife, Osun state, Nigeria; Idowu, B.M., Department of Radiology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile - Ife, Osun state, Nigeria	Purpose: To determine the renal arterial hemodynamic changes induced by obstructive uropathy using Doppler ultrasonography. Materials and Methods: 60 adult subjects with suspected obstructive uropathy and 60 asymptomatic apparently healthy controls with normal renal ultrasound features were evaluated. B-mode sonography of the kidneys and spectral Doppler examination of the renal interlobar arteries of all the participants were performed. The mean resistive indices (mRI) of both interlobar arteries were obtained and compared to that of the controls. The mRI of bilaterally obstructed kidneys were also compared with the mRI of unilaterally obstructed kidneys. Results: The mRI of the right and left kidneys of subjects were 0.72±0.04 and 0.69±0.06 while those of the controls were 0.64±0.04 and 0.63±0.03 respectively. The mRI for the grades of caliectasis increased from grade I (0.72±0.03) to grade II (0.73±0.03) and grade III (0.73±0.02) but fell within the most severe levels of obstruction (0.69±0.07). There was no statistically significant relationship between the grades of caliectasis and unilateral or bilateral obstruction for both kidneys. The results show a sensitivity and specificity of 86.7% and 90% respectively when mRI≥0.7 was used to determine presence of obstruction. Conclusion: Renal duplex sonography is highly sensitive and specific for diagnosis of obstructive uropathy. Increased resistive index of the obstructed kidney may be a useful diagnostic tool in situations where intravenous urography cannot be done or is contraindicated.	Hemodynamics; Renal artery; Ultrasonography; Urologic diseases	adult; aged; Doppler flowmetry; echography; epidemiology; female; hemodynamics; human; kidney; kidney artery; kidney calyx; lesions and defects; male; middle aged; Nigeria; pathology; pathophysiology; physiology; procedures; reproducibility; ureter obstruction; vascularization; Adult; Aged; Dilatation, Pathologic; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Calices; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Renal Artery; Reproducibility of Results; Ultrasonography, Doppler; Ureteral Obstruction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904538961	The effect of non-genetic factors on the reproductive performance of Sanga and Friesian × Sanga crossbred dairy cattle breeds kept under hot and humid environment	Apori S.O., Hagan J.K.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	46	6	10.1007/s11250-014-0604-7	Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Apori, S.O., Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Hagan, J.K., Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	A study was conducted to assess the effect of non-genetic factors on the reproductive performance of Sanga and Friesian × Sanga crossbred dairy cattle kept at Amrahia Dairy Farm, Ghana. Records on 66 crossbred Friesian × Sanga and 105 purebred Sanga cattle from 2005 to 2012 were used. The effect of sex of calf (male or female), season of calving (major, minor and dry), year of calving (2005-2012) and parity (first to third) on birthweight, calving interval and age at first calving were determined. The data were analyzed using the general linear model procedures of GenStat (Discovery Edition). The effect of parity of dam, year of calving, season of calving and sex of calf were considered as fixed effects for evaluating the different reproductive traits. Data on calving and conception rates over the period were 74.3 and 76.1 %, respectively. The overall mean values for birthweight, age at first calving and calving interval obtained were 23.9 ± 1.5 and 22.8 ± 1.4 kg, 38.8 ± 2.5 and 40.2 ± 2.4 months and 390.8 ± 12.5 and 413.6 ± 12.1 days for the crossbred and Sanga, respectively. It was observed that all the major determinants of reproductive performance studied apart from birthweight were significantly influenced by year of birth, parity, season of calving and sex. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Age at first calving; Birthweight; Calving interval; Friesian; Reproductive; Sanga	Animalia; Bos; Friesia; Sanga; animal; birth weight; Bovinae; breeding; cross breeding; dairying; female; fertilization; Ghana; heat; humidity; male; parity; physiology; pregnancy; procedures; reproduction; season; sex difference; statistical model; tropic climate; Animals; Birth Weight; Breeding; Cattle; Crosses, Genetic; Dairying; Female; Fertilization; Ghana; Hot Temperature; Humidity; Linear Models; Male; Parity; Pregnancy; Reproduction; Seasons; Sex Factors; Tropical Climate	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922076629	Growth and reproductive performance of two rabbit breeds reared under intensive system in Ghana	Apori S.O., Hagan J.K., Osei Y.D.	2014	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	1	10.1007/s11250-014-0714-2	Department of Animal Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Animal Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana	Apori, S.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Hagan, J.K., Department of Animal Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Osei, Y.D., Animal Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana	A study on the growth and reproductive performance of two rabbit breeds was undertaken. Data on 588 kits and 97 does of California White and 574 kits and 90 does of New Zealand White rabbits reared under hot and humid environment in Ghana were taken. The reproductive performance of the two breeds, in terms of litter size at birth and weaning, litter weight at birth and weaning, kindling interval, age at sexual maturity, and gestation length as influenced by breed, season of kindling (rainy and dry), year of kindling (2005–2012), and parity (first to sixth and over) were determined. The performance of California White in terms of litter size at birth, at weaning, kit weight at birth, and age at first kindling was 5.9 ± 0.2, 4.6 ± 0.1, 54.7 ± 0.4 g, and 159.8 ± 0.2 days, respectively. That of New Zealand White was 5.9 ± 0.1, 5.1 ± 0.1, 55.2 ± 1.0 g, and 159.9 ± 0.2 days, respectively. The results obtained also showed a significant breed effects on kit weight at birth, litter weight at weaning, and mortality; whereas no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between the two breeds regarding the other traits measured. Parity had significant effects (p < 0.05) on all the growth and reproductive parameters measured with the exception of age at first kindling. Year of kindling also had significant effect on litter weight at birth, kit weight at birth, and at weaning (p < 0.05) but did not have any significant effect on the age at sexual maturity and mortality. Season also had significant (p < 0.05) effects on kit weight at birth, gestation length, kindling interval, and mortality with better performance experienced during the rainy season. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	California White; Kits; Litter size; New Zealand White; Parity; Season	animal; animal husbandry; body weight; breeding; female; Ghana; litter size; parity; physiology; pregnancy; procedures; rabbit; reproduction; season; species difference; statistical model; weaning; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Body Weight; Breeding; Female; Ghana; Linear Models; Litter Size; Parity; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Reproduction; Seasons; Species Specificity; Weaning	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938965677	Monitoring sea level rise-induced hazards along the coast of Accra in Ghana	Appeaning Addo K.	2015	Natural Hazards	78	2	10.1007/s11069-015-1771-1	Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box Lg 99, Legon, Ghana	Appeaning Addo, K., Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box Lg 99, Legon, Ghana	Sea level rise, increased erosion and flooding threaten vulnerable coastal communities globally. Monitoring the changes in the coastal zone enables the risk levels to be detected and quantified. Such information facilitates developing sustainable policies to effectively manage hazards in the coastal zone. This study used available geospatial data to assess the physical state of the Accra coast and established ground control points that will facilitate effective monitoring of change. The data used included a bathymetric map (hard copy) with last revision in 1992, digital topographic map (2002) of the coast, 2005 orthophoto map and the geology map of Accra. The reliability of the data was determined, and the data were analysed using GIS tool. Ten concrete ground control points were established, mapped using DGPS and connected to the Ghana national coordinate system to form a network for effective monitoring in the coastal zone. The results revealed that the western region of the Accra coast has lower elevations onshore which will facilitate inundation from sea level rise. Comparing nearshore bathymetric profiles indicates that the eastern coast is deeper relative to the central and western. This will enable waves to break closer to the coast under increasing sea level rise thereby dissipating energy to facilitate sediment transport. Computed potential sediment transport rate revealed that the rate ranges between 4.1 × 105 and 7.2 × 105 m3/year. Using the control points established as reference points to monitor the coastal system will enable changes that can result in hazard to be detected and quantified. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Accra coast; Coastal erosion; Coastal hazards; Coastal monitoring; Sea level rise; Vulnerability	coastal zone; hazard assessment; monitoring; sea level change; sediment transport; vulnerability; Accra; Ghana; Greater Accra	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877669016	Evaluation of unconfined aquifer parameters from flow to partially penetrating wells in Tailan River basin, China	Appiah-Adjei E.K., Shu L., Adjei K.A., Deng M., Wang X.	2013	Environmental Earth Sciences	69	3	10.1007/s12665-012-1965-8	State Key Laboratory of Hydrology, Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China; Department of Geological Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, No. 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China; Department of Water Resources of Xinjiang, Xinjiang, 830063, China	Appiah-Adjei, E.K., State Key Laboratory of Hydrology, Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China, Department of Geological Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Shu, L., State Key Laboratory of Hydrology, Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China, College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, No. 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China; Adjei, K.A., State Key Laboratory of Hydrology, Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China; Deng, M., Department of Water Resources of Xinjiang, Xinjiang, 830063, China; Wang, X., State Key Laboratory of Hydrology, Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, China	Effective evaluation, management and abstraction of groundwater resources of any aquifer require accurate and reliable estimates of its hydraulic parameters. This study, therefore, looks at the determination of hydraulic parameters of an unconfined aquifer using both analytical and numerical approaches. A long-duration pumping test data obtained from an unconfined aquifer system within the Tailan River basin in Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the northwest of China is used, in this study, to investigate the best method for estimating the parameters of the aquifer. The pumping test was conducted by pumping from a radial collector well and measuring the response in nine observation wells; all the wells used in the test were partially penetrating. Using two well-known tools, namely AquiferTest and MODFLOW, as an aid for the analytical and numerical approaches, respectively, the parameters of the aquifer were determined and their outputs compared. The estimated horizontal hydraulic conductivity, vertical hydraulic conductivity, and specific yield for the analytical approach are 38.1-50.30 m/day, 3.02-9.05 m/day and 0.204-0.339, respectively, while the corresponding numerical estimates are 20.50-35.24 m/day, 0.10-3.40 m/day, and 0.27-0.31, respectively. Comparing the two, the numerical estimates were found to be more representative of the aquifer in the study area since it simulated the groundwater flow conditions of the pumping test in the aquifer system better than the analytical solution. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.	MODFLOW; Moench solution; Partial penetration; Pumping test; Tailan River basin; Unconfined aquifer	MODFLOW; Partial penetration; Pumping tests; Tailan river basins; Unconfined aquifers; Aquifers; Groundwater flow; Hydraulic conductivity; Pumps; Watersheds; Parameter estimation; aquifer; groundwater flow; hydraulic conductivity; hydraulic property; hydrogeology; mathematical analysis; parameterization; pumping; water resource; well; China; Tailan River; Xinjiang Uygur	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873937678	Impact of locus of control expectancy on level of well-being	April K.A., Dharani B., Peters K.	2012	Review of European Studies	4	2	10.5539/res.v4n2p124	Ashridge Business School, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701 Berkhamsted, HP4 1NS Cape Town, South Africa; Ashridge Business School, Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, HP4 1NS, United Kingdom	April, K.A., Ashridge Business School, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701 Berkhamsted, HP4 1NS Cape Town, South Africa; Dharani, B., Ashridge Business School, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701 Berkhamsted, HP4 1NS Cape Town, South Africa; Peters, K., Ashridge Business School, Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, HP4 1NS, United Kingdom	This paper investigates the impact of locus of control, a psychological social learning theory that is rigorously researched for its implications on leadership qualities, on the level of happiness of an individual. The primary research strategy employed was the survey strategy. Participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire that was designed to test, amongst other variables, their locus of control and level of happiness. The Spearman Rank Correlation hypothesis test was used to test the data for significance and strength of the relationship. As a secondary research approach, self-reflection documents written by research participants, on the topic of locus of control, were used to add personal expression to the discussion of the quantitative results. While academic literature vastly supports the view that leadership qualities are predominantly present in those with an internal locus of control, our research results conclude that a maximum level of happiness is achieved by individuals with a balanced locus of control expectancy - a mix of internal and external locus of control, alternatively known as 'bi-local expectancy'.	Bi-local; Expectancies; Happiness; Leadership; Locus of control; Subjective well-being	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876042318	Evaluation of biochemical indices following administration of artemether, halofantrine and a combination of artemether and lumefantrine in guinea pigs	Aprioku J.S., Obianime A.W.	2012	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science	2	10	10.7324/JAPS.2012.21011	Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Aprioku, J.S., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Obianime, A.W., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Combination of artemether and lumefantrine (artemether-lumefantrine) is an orally effective artemisinin-based combination therapy, used widely in the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum infections. The present study investigates the comparative effects of artemether, halofantrine and artemether-lumefantrine on biochemical indices in the male guinea pig. Half, normal and double therapeutic doses of the drugs were given to different groups of animals (n=5) by oral gavage. After the drug treatments, serum levels of biochemical parameters were measured using standard methods. Artemether significantly (p<0.05) reduced uric acid (UA) level (10.44%), but produced no significant effects on the other parameters measured. Halofantrine and artemether-lumefantrine significantly increased acid phosphatase- ACPT (56.13 and 26.45%) and prostatic acid phosphatase-ACPP (100.00 and 78.95%) respectively, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was not affected. In addition, halofantrine and artemether-lumefantrine significantly and dose-dependently decreased UA, while urea and creatinine levels were increased. UA was decreased by 12.15 and 17.92%; urea was increased by 84.42 and 53.25%; and creatinine was increased by 42.15 and 30.25%, respectively. Furthermore, both drugs had no significant effects on serum levels of total protein and cholesterol. The results show that halofantrine and artemether-lumefantrine may cause toxicity to renal and reproductive functions in the male guinea pig, halofantrine likely to cause more of these effects.	ACTs; Artemether-lumefantrine; Biochemical; Halofantrine; Lumefantrine	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857544257	Geostatistical inversion for 3D confidence evaluation of facies prediction: A Gulf of Guinea example	Araman A., Cadoret T., Pernia L., Minken D., Moyen R.	2011	SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts	30	1	10.1190/1.3627539	Total E and P, France; Total Upstream Nigeria Limited, Nigeria; CGG Veritas, France	Araman, A., Total E and P, France; Cadoret, T., Total E and P, France; Pernia, L., Total E and P, France; Minken, D., Total Upstream Nigeria Limited, Nigeria; Moyen, R., CGG Veritas, France	We use lithoseismic classification on geostatistical inverted seismic data to access multiple realizations of lithofacies attribute cubes. We study the variability of predicted lithofacies values to compute in 3D a confidence attribute cube. This confidence cube helps the interpreter to evaluate the robustness of a predicted lithofacies value at any point for further reservoir model building. As a result, a case study on a Gulf of Guinea dataset led to a probabilistic characterization of the connectivity between producing intervals. © 2011 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.	Africa; Inversion; Lithology; Reservoir characterization; Statistical	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69149097007	Evaluation of the effect of fiber volume fraction on the mechanical properties of a polymer matrix composite	Aramide F.O., Oladele I.O., Folorunso D.O.	2009	Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies	7	14	None	Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Dept., Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Aramide, F.O., Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Dept., Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Oladele, I.O., Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Dept., Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Folorunso, D.O., Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Dept., Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	The possibility of utilization of the fibres made from bagass as reinforcement in polyester matrix composite was evaluated. The various composite formulations were prepared using 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 15% and 20% bagass fibres as the reinforcement. For tensile strength, samples were prepared according to ASTM D412 and tensile strength of standard and conditioned samples was calculated, using INSTRON 1195 at a fixed crosshead speed of 10mm min-1, for microhardness, the sample was indented using Durometer following ASTM procedure No.D2240 and the reading is noted from the calibrated scale. It was observed that The UTS, Modulus of elasticity and extension to break of the polyester resin matrix composite increase with the amount of bagass fibre up to a certain threshold and then begins to reduce with further increase in the amount of bagass fibre. It was concluded that the bagass fibres are providing a reinforcement effect in polyester matrix composites and the maximum reinforcement is achieved at around 10% by weight of bagass fibre content.	Bagass fibre; Composite; Polyester matrix; Reinforcement	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888628997	On the performance of linear decreasing inertia weight particle swarm optimization for global optimization	Arasomwan M.A., Adewumi A.O.	2013	The Scientific World Journal	2013	None	10.1155/2013/860289	School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Arasomwan, M.A., School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Adewumi, A.O., School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Linear decreasing inertia weight (LDIW) strategy was introduced to improve on the performance of the original particle swarm optimization (PSO). However, linear decreasing inertia weight PSO (LDIW-PSO) algorithm is known to have the shortcoming of premature convergence in solving complex (multipeak) optimization problems due to lack of enough momentum for particles to do exploitation as the algorithm approaches its terminal point. Researchers have tried to address this shortcoming by modifying LDIW-PSO or proposing new PSO variants. Some of these variants have been claimed to outperform LDIW-PSO. The major goal of this paper is to experimentally establish the fact that LDIW-PSO is very much efficient if its parameters are properly set. First, an experiment was conducted to acquire a percentage value of the search space limits to compute the particle velocity limits in LDIW-PSO based on commonly used benchmark global optimization problems. Second, using the experimentally obtained values, five well-known benchmark optimization problems were used to show the outstanding performance of LDIW-PSO over some of its competitors which have in the past claimed superiority over it. Two other recent PSO variants with different inertia weight strategies were also compared with LDIW-PSO with the latter outperforming both in the simulation experiments conducted. © 2013 Martins Akugbe Arasomwan and Aderemi Oluyinka Adewumi.	None	acceleration; algorithm; article; controlled study; global optimization; linear decreasing inertia weight; parameters; particle size; particle swarm optimization; problem solving; process optimization; quality control; simulation; stochastic model; task performance; velocity; animal; animal behavior; bird; physiology; theoretical model; Algorithms; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Birds; Models, Theoretical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24344464067	Validation of species-climate impact models under climate change	Araújo M.B., Pearson R.G., Thuiller W., Erhard M.	2005	Global Change Biology	11	9	10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.01000.x	Biodiversity Research Group, School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TD, United Kingdom; Biogeography and Conservation Laboratory, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; Macroecology and Conservation Unit, University of Évora, Estrada dos Leões, 7000-730 Évora, Portugal; Climate Change Research Group, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag x7, Claremont 7735 Cape Town, South Africa; Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, C/Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain	Araújo, M.B., Biodiversity Research Group, School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TD, United Kingdom, Biogeography and Conservation Laboratory, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, C/Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Pearson, R.G., Biodiversity Research Group, School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TD, United Kingdom, Macroecology and Conservation Unit, University of Évora, Estrada dos Leões, 7000-730 Évora, Portugal; Thuiller, W., Climate Change Research Group, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag x7, Claremont 7735 Cape Town, South Africa; Erhard, M., Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany	Increasing concern over the implications of climate change for biodiversity has led to the use of species-climate envelope models to project species extinction risk under climate-change scenarios. However, recent studies have demonstrated significant variability in model predictions and there remains a pressing need to validate models and to reduce uncertainties. Model validation is problematic as predictions are made for events that have not yet occurred. Resubstituition and data partitioning of present-day data sets are, therefore, commonly used to test the predictive performance of models. However, these approaches suffer from the problems of spatial and temporal autocorrelation in the calibration and validation sets. Using observed distribution shifts among 116 British breeding-bird species over the past ∼20 years, we are able to provide a first independent validation of four envelope modelling techniques under climate change. Results showed good to fair predictive performance on independent validation, although rules used to assess model performance are difficult to interpret in a decision-planning context. We also showed that measures of performance on nonindependent data provided optimistic estimates of models' predictive ability on independent data. Artificial neural networks and generalized additive models provided generally more accurate predictions of species range shifts than generalized linear models or classification tree analysis. Data for independent model validation and replication of this study are rare and we argue that perfect validation may not in fact be conceptually possible. We also note that usefulness of models is contingent on both the questions being asked and the techniques used. Implementations of species-climate envelope models for testing hypotheses and predicting future events may prove wrong, while being potentially useful if put into appropriate context. © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Bioclimatic-envelope models; Breeding birds; Britain; Climate change; Model accuracy; Uncertainty; Validation	biodiversity; bird; breeding population; climate change; extinction risk; Eurasia; Europe; United Kingdom; Western Europe; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903513630	The impact of exogenous ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the induced production of pro- and anti-inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes in Atlantic salmon head kidney cells using a full factorial design and LC-MS/MS	Araujo P., Lucena E., Yang Y., Ceemala B., Mengesha Z., Holen E.	2014	Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences	964	None	10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.01.018	National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela; Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Department of Industrial Chemistry, Bahir Dar University, PO Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Araujo, P., National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; Lucena, E., National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela; Yang, Y., National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway, Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Ceemala, B., National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway; Mengesha, Z., National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway, Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Bahir Dar University, PO Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Holen, E., National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway	The production of prostaglandins (PGE2, PGE3) and leukotrienes (LTB4, LTB5) in salmon head kidney cell cultures, exposed to different combinations of 20:4ω-6, 20:5ω-3 and 22:6ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), was evaluated by means of a two level factorial design and LC-MS/MS. The method was selective for the pro- and anti-inflammatory analytes and their corresponding stable-isotope labelled internal standards. The regression models were linear over the concentration range 0.5-150ng/ml with limits of detection of 0.25ng/ml and quantification of 0.40ng/ml for the analysed metabolites. The recovery ranged from 78 to 107% for prostaglandins and 73 to 115% for leukotrienes. The analysis of the samples exposed to different combinations of PUFAs revealed that the presence of single ω-3 PUFAs brought an enhancement of the metabolites from the lipooxygenase pathway, specially LTB4, and a reduction of the metabolites from the cyclooxygenase pathway (PGE2 and PGE3), while the two-term interactions generated the opposite effect (high concentration of prostaglandins and low concentrations of leukotrienes). To our knowledge, this is the first implementation of a fully crossed design for investigating the impact of ω-6 and ω-3 PUFAs on the production of eicosanoids not only through their individual but also through their combined effects on Atlantic salmon head kidney cells. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Eicosanoids; Experimental design; Leukotrienes; Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Prostaglandins; Salmon head kidney cell cultures	Biomolecules; Design of experiments; Isotopes; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Metabolites; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Regression analysis; Eicosanoids; Leukotrienes; Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; Prostaglandins; Salmon heads; Cell culture; icosanoid; leukotriene B4; leukotriene B5; lipoxygenase; omega 3 fatty acid; omega 6 fatty acid; prostaglandin E2; prostaglandin E3; prostaglandin synthase; leukotriene; omega 3 fatty acid; omega 6 fatty acid; prostaglandin; animal cell; article; Atlantic salmon; cell culture; controlled study; factorial design; head kidney; incubation time; intervention study; isotope labeling; kidney cell; limit of detection; liquid chromatography; metabolite; nonhuman; priority journal; tandem mass spectrometry; animal; Atlantic salmon; chemistry; evaluation study; head kidney; liquid chromatography; metabolism; procedures; tandem mass spectrometry; Salmo salar; Animals; Chromatography, Liquid; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fatty Acids, Omega-6; Head Kidney; Leukotrienes; Limit of Detection; Prostaglandins; Salmo salar; Tandem Mass Spectrometry	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71049162984	Evaluation of botanical plants powders against Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in stored haricot beans under laboratory condition	Araya G., Getu E.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	10	None	Jijga University, Ethiopia; Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia	Araya, G., Jijga University, Ethiopia; Getu, E., Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia	Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of botanical powders of Jatropha curcas (L.), Datura stramonium (L.), Chenopodium ambrosioides(L.), Phytoloca dodecondra (L'Herit), Azadrachta indica (A. Juss) and Parthenium hysterophorus (L.) against Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) in the laboratory under ambient condition. The test insects were reared in glass jar and tested on whole haricot bean grains. For comparison, primiphos-methyl and untreated check were used. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design in three replications. Hundred percent mortality of Z.subfasciatus was obtained with C. ambrosioides leaf powder at all levels of concentrations 24 hour after treatment application. More than 90% mortality of adult Z. subfasciatus was also observed for bean seeds treated with J. curcas, D. stramonium and P. dodecondra 96 hour after treatment at the rate of 15g/ 150g of grain application. Powder treatments of C. ambrosioides and A. indica at all tested rates and D. stramonium at higher levels (10 and 15g) gave more than 97% inhibition of F1 progeny production by Z. subfasciatus. Powder plant materials significantly reduced percent haricot bean grain infestation by Z. subfasciatus. Moreover, these plant materials had no effect on the germination capacity of haricot bean seeds. In general, the results obtained indicate that the use of these powder plant materials can be used for the control of Z. subfasciatus. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Azadrachta indica; Chenopodium ambrosioides; Datura stramonium; Jatropha curcas; Parthenium hysterophorus; Phytoloca dodecondra; Zabrotes subfasciatus	Bruchinae; Chenopodium ambrosioides; Coleoptera; Datura stramonium; Hexapoda; Jatropha; Jatropha curcas; Parthenium hysterophorus; Zabrotes subfasciatus	None
WoS	WOS:000258977600014	The economic impact of HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality on households in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Araya, T.,Davey, G.,Mariam, D. Haile,Reniers, G.,Tekola, F.	2008	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	20	8	10.1080/09540120701777256	Addis Ababa University, University of Colorado Boulder, University of Colorado System, University of Witwatersrand	"Araya, T.: Addis Ababa University","Davey, G.: Addis Ababa University","Mariam, D. Haile: Addis Ababa University","Tekola, F.: Addis Ababa University",	The present study investigates whether the household-level economic impact of an adult AIDS death is different from that of death from another cause. The data come from cross-sectional post-mortem interviews (verbal autopsies) with relatives or primary caregivers of deceased adults randomly selected from deaths recorded in an ongoing burial surveillance in Addis Ababa. Our analyses consist of three parts. First, we assess the sociodemographic risk factors for AIDS mortality. Subsequently, we reverse the causal order of this relationship and carry out an analysis of the effect of AIDS mortality on the subjective experience of change in the household's financial situation following the death of a household member. Finally, we quantify the direct and indirect costs of illness and death on the household. Results indicate that households experiencing an HIV/AIDS death are poorer than those experiencing a non-HIV/AIDS death. In addition, poorer households experience a greater decline in socioeconomic status following death of a household member. AIDS mortality has more detrimental effects on the household economic status than deaths due to other causes. While the difference between AIDS and non-AIDS mortality in terms of direct costs is minimal, the indirect cost of an AIDS death per household exceeds that of non-AIDS death by 58%. In conclusion, poor households are more likely to experience an AIDS death and in turn are more vulnerable to the socioeconomic impact of death. Therefore, it is justifiable to target HIV-impact mitigation programs on poorer households.	"Addis Ababa",ETHIOPIA,HIV/AIDS,MORBIDITY,MORTALITY,"socioeconomic impact",AFRICA,AIDS,EXPENDITURE,HIV-INFECTION,RISK,SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949120794	Impacts of conservation agriculture-based farming systems on optimizing seasonal rainfall partitioning and productivity on vertisols in the Ethiopian drylands	Araya T., Nyssen J., Govaerts B., Deckers J., Cornelis W.M.	2015	Soil and Tillage Research	148	None	10.1016/j.still.2014.11.009	University of Fort Hare, Department of Agronomy, PBX 1314, Alice, South Africa; Mekelle University, Department of Crop and Horticultural Science, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Ghent University, Department of Geography, Krijgslaan 281 (S8), Gent, Belgium; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), A.P. 6-641, Mexico D.F., Mexico; KU Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Heverlee, Belgium; Ghent University, Department of Soil Management, Coupure Links 653, Gent, Belgium	Araya, T., University of Fort Hare, Department of Agronomy, PBX 1314, Alice, South Africa, Mekelle University, Department of Crop and Horticultural Science, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Nyssen, J., Ghent University, Department of Geography, Krijgslaan 281 (S8), Gent, Belgium; Govaerts, B., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), A.P. 6-641, Mexico D.F., Mexico; Deckers, J., KU Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Heverlee, Belgium; Cornelis, W.M., Ghent University, Department of Soil Management, Coupure Links 653, Gent, Belgium	Field water conservation practices are a way to build resilience against drought by increasing productive green water through reducing runoff and evaporation and thereby boosting crop yield. A field study was undertaken on permanently kept rainfed experimental plots established in 2005 on a vertisol in order to evaluate two resource saving cropping systems based on conservation agriculture (CA) that integrate in situ soil and water conservation tillage practices (derdero+ and terwah+) as compared to a conventional system in terms of soil moisture, runoff, water loss (drainage and evapotranspiration together), water productivity and crop yield. The experimental layout was a randomized complete block design with three replications and a plot size of 5m×19m. The farming systems differed in tillage practice, but all had wheat, teff, barley and grass pea crops grown in rotation. The tillage treatments were (i) derdero+ (DER+) with a furrow and permanent raised bed planting system, plowed only by refreshing the furrow once at planting with no tillage on top of the permanently kept raised beds, 30% standing crop straw retention, and with ~20% of the crop residue being covered with soil during refreshing the furrow at planting, (ii) terwah+ (TER+) with furrows made at 1.5m intervals, plowed once at planting, 30% standing crop straw retention and fresh broad beds, and crop residue being partly covered with soil during tillage at planting, and (iii) conventional tillage (CT) with a minimum of three plain tillage operations and complete removal of crop straw. All plowing as well as the maintenance of the furrows of the permanent raised beds was done using a local ard plow called mahresha. Glyphosate was sprayed at 2lha-1 to control weeds before crop emergence, starting from 2007 with DER+ and TER+. Runoff was collected at the lower end of each plot in calibrated runoff collectors after each runoff event. Soil-water content was measured using the gravimetric method at 5-6 day intervals. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was measured in the field at several phenological stages, using a handheld GreenSeeker™ Optical Sensor Unit. Soil-water storage (0-80cm soil depth) during the growing season was always highest with DER+ followed by TER+ and CT, whereas the opposite trend was observed for runoff. On the other hand, deep drainage and evapotranspiration was always highest in the DER+ compared to CT. NDVI records throughout the growing season were significantly highest with DER+ for wheat and grass pea, while the highest values were observed with TER+ when under teff. These values were directly proportional to the above ground crop biomass and yield. The grain and straw yield of wheat in 2009 was increased from 1.6 and 3.7tha-1 with CT to 2.6 and 5.2tha-1 with DER+, respectively. Our study demonstrates that field water conservation tillage practices that incorporate CA principles are effectively increasing green water in the root zone available for crops and thus, improve crop productivity and yields substantially on vertisols in drylands without other inputs. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Conservation agriculture; Crop residue; Permanent bed; Soil-water balance; Vertisols	Agricultural machinery; Agricultural wastes; Agriculture; Crops; Cultivation; Evapotranspiration; Plants (botany); Productivity; Runoff; Soil conservation; Soil moisture; Soils; Water conservation; Water content; Water supply; Conservation agricultures; Crop residue; Permanent bed; Soil water balance; Vertisols; Agricultural runoff; conservation tillage; crop yield; emergence; evapotranspiration; farming system; growing season; NDVI; optimization; phenology; rainfall; seasonal variation; soil moisture; soil water; Vertisol; Ethiopia; Eragrostis tef; Hordeum; Pisum sativum; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955025949	Finding the best fit: The adaptation and translation of the performance indicators for primary schools for the South African context	Archer E., Scherman V., Robert C., Howie S.J.	2010	Perspectives in Education	28	1	None	Centre for Evaluation and Assessment, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Curriculum Evaluation and Management Centre, University of Durham, United Kingdom	Archer, E., Centre for Evaluation and Assessment, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Scherman, V., Centre for Evaluation and Assessment, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Robert, C., Curriculum Evaluation and Management Centre, University of Durham, United Kingdom; Howie, S.J., Centre for Evaluation and Assessment, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Reform and improvement are imperative in the current South African education system. Monitoring of school and learner achievement is an essential for establishing praxis for school improvement. Diversity of culture and South Africa's 11 official languages make it difficult to develop valid monitoring systems. Limited resources, time constraints and the need to redress neglect of large portions of the education infrastructure from the apartheid era make it problematic to develop new monitoring systems for all official languages. Adaptation and translation of existing international monitoring instruments provide alternative solutions to developing new monitoring systems. Adaptation and translation of existing instruments is a daunting process, which balances statistical analysis, translation processes and user and expert evaluations. We investigate how to balance these different processes in order to create an instrument that provides valid data for educational decisions. The processes utilised in the adaptation and translation of the vocabulary subtest of the Performance Indicators for Primary Schools (PIPS) test for the South African context are used to illustrate the complex interplay between user and expert input as well as psychometric rigour. It is hoped this paper will contribute to the development of the necessary instrument adaptation skills in South Africa.	Expert and user collaboration; Instrument adaptation and contextualisation; Rasch analysis; Translation of assessment instruments	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959969881	The effect of alternative pruning methods on the viticultural and oenological performance of some wine grape varieties	Archer E., van Schalkwyk D.	2007	South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture	28	2	None	Lusan Premium Wines, PO Box 104, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa; ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa	Archer, E., Lusan Premium Wines, PO Box 104, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa; van Schalkwyk, D., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, 7599 Stellenbosch, South Africa	Three different trials, at three different localities, each with different growing conditions, were conducted with nine different wine grape varieties. Four different pruning methods, hand, mechanical, minimal and no pruning were tested. Growth responses, grape composition and morphology, wine quality as well as labour inputs were evaluated. Huge labour savings were obtained with the alternative pruning methods compared to hand pruning. A reduction in vigour and increase in yield were evident in each variety. Wine quality was not decreased and in some cases even a quality increase was evident. Varieties differ in their adaptability to alternative pruning methods with Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinotage and Chardonnay performing well and Sauvignon blanc and Merlot poorly. Chenin blanc, Shiraz, Colombar and Ruby Cabernet showed acceptable performance. Alternative pruning methods proved to be viable, especially for the production of medium and low priced wines.	Grapevine; Pruning; Wine quality	Vitaceae; Vitis; Vitis vinifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-15544364477	Correcting for frictional pressure drop in horizontal-well inflow-performance relationships	Archer R.A., Agbongiator E.O.	2005	SPE Production and Facilities	20	1	None	Dept. of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; ChevronTexaco, Lagos, Nigeria	Archer, R.A., Dept. of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Agbongiator, E.O., ChevronTexaco, Lagos, Nigeria	This paper presents the development of a correlation that corrects for error in single-phase horizontal-well productivity calculations made by neglecting frictional pressure drop in the wellbore. Frictional pressure drop within the wellbore is frequently a controlling factor on the performance of long horizontal wells. Frictional pressure drop could be especially significant in wells completed with screens and slotted liners. This pressure loss is neglected in traditional inflow-performance (IPR) calculations, such as those developed by S.D. Joshi and by D.K. Babu and A.S. Odeh. This study develops a correction that can be added to these analytical IPR relationships to account for friction. This correction is based on a dimensionless group that combines well and reservoir information. It is easy to evaluate and can be readily used in nodal analysis. The correction was developed on the basis of more than 5,000 finite-difference-simulation runs, using a simulator with the capability to model wellbore friction. These runs spanned a wide range of well and reservoir parameters. The results are presented in terms of productivity errors (PEs); that is, the flow rate without friction minus the flow rate when friction is included in the model, divided by the flow rate reported without friction. The study found PEs as high as 90% in some cases (usually long wells with a small wellbore radius). These errors could lead to poor decisions on field development and production facilities. This paper presents a simple way to improve well-productivity predictions without requiring a reservoir-simulation model to take account of frictional where pressure drops in the wellbore. Copyright © 2005 Society of Petroleum Engineers.	None	Computer simulation; Correlation methods; Error correction; Friction; Oil well production; Petroleum reservoirs; Pressure drop; Frictional pressure drop; Inflow performance (IPR); Productivity errors (PE); Reservoir-simulation; Horizontal wells; horizontal drilling; hydrocarbon reservoir; pressure drop; well technology	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956990963	Methods to determine the impact of rainfall on fuels and burned area in southern African savannas	Archibald S., Nickless A., Scholes R.J., Schulze R.	2010	International Journal of Wildland Fire	19	6	10.1071/WF08207	Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Animal Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Archibald, S., Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, Animal Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Nickless, A., Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Scholes, R.J., Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, Animal Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Schulze, R., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	In southern African savannas, grass production, and therefore the annual extent of fire, is highly dependent on rainfall. This response has repeatedly been noted in the literature but authors used different input variables and modelling approaches and the results are not comparable. Using long-term fire occurrence data from six protected areas in southern Africa we tested various methods for determining the relationship between antecedent rainfall and burned area. The types of regression model, the most appropriate index of accumulated rainfall, and the period over which to calculate annual burned area were all investigated. The importance of accumulating rainfall over more than one growing season was verified in all parks - improving the accuracy of the models by up to 30% compared with indices that only used the previous year's rainfall. Up to 56% of the variance in burned area between years could be explained by an 18-month accumulated rainfall index. Linear models and probit models performed equally well. The method suggested in this paper can be applied across southern Africa. This will improve our understanding of the drivers of interannual variation in burned area in this globally important fire region. © IAWF 2010.	carry-over; fire; grass fuel; interannual variation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70450255099	The impact of AIDS on intergenerational support in South Africa: Evidence from the cape area panel study	Ardington C., Case A., Islam M., Lam D., Leibbrandt M., Menendez A., Olgiati A.	2010	Research on Aging	32	1	10.1177/0164027509348143	University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, United States; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States	Ardington, C., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Case, A., Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Islam, M., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; Lam, D., Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, United States; Leibbrandt, M., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Menendez, A., University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Olgiati, A., Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States	This study uses panel data from Cape Town to document the role played by aging parents in caring for grandchildren who lose parents due to illnesses such as AIDS. The authors quantify the probabilities that older adults and their adult children provide financial support to orphaned grandchildren. The authors find significant transfers of public and private funds to older adults caring for orphans. Perhaps because of these transfers the authors find no differences in expenditure patterns between households with orphans and other older adult households. They also find no impact of either the death of a child or taking in orphaned grandchildren on adult well-being as measured by ability to work, depression, or self-reported health. Findings suggest that the combined public and private safety net in South Africa mitigates many of the consequences older adults could suffer when an adult child dies and leaves behind grandchildren needing care. © The Author(s) 2010.	AIDS; Intergenerational support; Orphans; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955003761	Business re-engineering and organisational performance in Nigeria: A case study of First Bank Nigeria Plc	Aregbeyen O.	2011	International Business Management	5	3	10.3923/ibm.2011.151.158	Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Aregbeyen, O., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Using paired data samples between 1986 and 2008, this study evaluates the impact of the re-engineering of operational processes on the performance of the First Bank Nigeria Plc. The performance of the bank was assessed focusing on growth, profitability and the extent of financial intermediation. The analysis of the data showed that the re-engineering project significantly, improved the profitability performance of the bank but not for growth and the extents of its financial intermediation. © Medwell Journals, 2011.	Bank; Growth; Nigeria; Performance; Profitability; Re-engineering	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955012756	The impact of recapitalization and consolidation on banks costs of equity in Nigeria	Aregbeyen O., Olufemi J.	2011	International Business Management	5	3	10.3923/ibm.2011.159.165	Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Aregbeyen, O., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olufemi, J., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	This study investigates the impact of the impact of the bank recapitalization and consolidation program on the cost of equity capital of banks in Nigeria. On the strength of the analysis done and the result obtained, the study concludes that the consolidation and recapitalization programme has brought about considerable reduction in the cost of equity capital of the sampled banks. © Medwell Journals, 2011.	Bank; Consolidation; Cost of equity; Cupital; Nigeria; Recapitalization	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879584016	Enhancing self-regulated learning in teaching spoken communication: Does it affect speaking efficacy and performance?	Aregu B.B.	2013	Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching	10	1	None	Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia	Aregu, B.B., Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia	The study examines the effects of enhancing self-regulated learning in the teaching of spoken communication on speaking efficacy and performances among second year students attending spoken and written communication lessons in the College of Business and Economics of Bahir Dar University. In this study, two sections consisting of 91 participants were included. To gather data, scales, tests, and diaries were used. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test, independent samples t-test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were applied to analyze the quantitative data. On the other hand, the qualitative data were analysed using such steps as looking for themes and coding, categorizing codes of similar content, and writing summary and interpretation. The outputs of the ANCOVA show that 56% of the variance in speaking performance and 39% of the variance in speaking efficacy are accounted for by the self-regulated learning intervention controlling for initial differences. The qualitative analysis also indicated that the experimental group improved its speaking efficacy and performances. Overall, the results reveal that the experimental group surpasses the control group in both speaking efficacy and performances. The results imply that attention needs to be paid to the enhancement of self-regulated learning in the process of teaching spoken communication. © Centre for Language Studies National University of Singapore.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82455179571	Peer health workers and AIDS care in rakai, Uganda: A mixed methods operations research evaluation of a cluster-randomized trial	Arem H., Nakyanjo N., Kagaayi J., Mulamba J., Nakigozi G., Serwadda D., Quinn T.C., Gray R.H., Bollinger R.C., Reynolds S.J., Chang L.W.	2011	AIDS Patient Care and STDs	25	12	10.1089/apc.2010.0349	Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1503 East Jefferson Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States	Arem, H., Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Nakyanjo, N., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda; Kagaayi, J., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda; Mulamba, J., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda; Nakigozi, G., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda; Serwadda, D., Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda; Quinn, T.C., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1503 East Jefferson Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Gray, R.H., Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Bollinger, R.C., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1503 East Jefferson Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; Reynolds, S.J., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1503 East Jefferson Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; Chang, L.W., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1503 East Jefferson Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States	Settings with limited health care workers are challenging environments for delivery of antiretroviral therapy. One strategy to address this human resource crisis is to task shift through training selected patients as peer health workers (PHWs) to provide care to other individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy. To better understand processes of a cluster-randomized trial on the effect of these PHWs on AIDS care, we conducted a mixed methods operations research evaluation. Qualitative methods involved patients, PHWs, and clinic staff and included 38 in-depth interviews, 8 focus group discussions, and 11 direct observations. Quantitative methods included staff surveys, process, and virologic data analyses. Results showed that task shifting to PHWs positively affected structural and programmatic functions of care delivery-improving clinical organization, medical care access, and patient-provider communication-with little evidence for problems with confidentiality and inadvertent disclosure. Additionally, this evaluation elucidated trial processes including evidence for direct and indirect control arm contamination and evidence for mitigation of antiretroviral treatment fatigue by PHWs. Our results support the use of PHWs to complement conventional clinical staff in delivering AIDS care in low-resource settings and highlight how mixed methods operations research evaluations can provide important insights into community-based trials. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.	None	antiretrovirus agent; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; AIDS patient; article; confidentiality; contamination; controlled study; female; follow up; health care access; health care delivery; health care personnel; human; interview; male; patient compliance; peer health worker; randomized controlled trial; stigma; Uganda; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Community Health Services; Confidentiality; Data Collection; Female; Focus Groups; Health Personnel; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; Patient Care; Peer Group; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rural Population; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884684641	Effect of insulating materials on performance of a solar heater	Aremu A.K., Akinoso R.	2013	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	8	2	10.3923/jeasci.2013.64.68	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Aremu, A.K., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Akinoso, R., Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Insulator influences performance efficiency of the solar heater. In order to reduce the cost of solar device, it is advisable to use as local insulating material. Some agricultural wastes are abundant and causing environmental nuisance in Nigeria. This research focussed on use of some agricultural waste as insulator in box-type solar device. A box-type solar heater was developed. Dried insulating materials (maize cob, air, maize husk, coconut coir and polyurethane foam) were used to fill the space between the inner and outer boxes in such a way that there was an 80 mm thickness of insulating materials all around between the inner box and the outer box. The space housing the insulating materials was sealed with four pieces of plywood noggins. Heat retention and water abilities of the solar device were tested for period of 3 years. Peak stagnation temperatures for 1st to 3rd year were 159, 140 and 138°C, respectively. These were obtained using coconut coir (1st and 2nd year) and polyurethane foam (3rd year). During the dry season, shortest duration taken to heat 1 and 1.5 L of water was 50 and 65 min, respectively in coconut coir insulated device. Time required to boil 1 L of water in wet season ranged from 120-170 min. Comparatively the orders of performance were coconut coir, polyurethane foam, maize cob, maize husk and air. The evidence from performance evaluation indicates that agricultural by-products like maize husk, maize cob and coconut coir can perform as solar device insulator. © Medwell Journals, 2013.	Agricultural waste; Heating; Insulator; Nigeria; Solar device	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957194790	In vitro pharmacological evaluation and phenolic content of ten South African medicinal plants used as anthelmintics	Aremu A.O., Ndhlala A.R., Fawole O.A., Light M.E., Finnie J.F., Van Staden J.	2010	South African Journal of Botany	76	3	10.1016/j.sajb.2010.04.009	Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Aremu, A.O., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Ndhlala, A.R., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Fawole, O.A., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Light, M.E., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Finnie, J.F., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Van Staden, J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Helminth infection is regarded as one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Although the disease is common in rural areas, information on the pharmacology of South African medicinal plants used against this disease is limited. We investigated the efficacy of ten South African medicinal plants against Caenorhabditis elegans. Because of the increased susceptibility of a host to microbial infections and other inflammatory responses associated with helminth infections, the antimicrobial and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activities of the plants were also investigated. Phenolics including flavonoids, condensed tannins and gallotannins have been linked to many pharmacological activities. Thus, the phenolic content of the plant extracts were quantitatively evaluated. In the three bioassays, organic solvent extracts from Cyathea dregei (roots and leaves), Felicia erigeroides (leaves and stems), Hypoxis colchicifolia (leaves) and Senna petersiana (leaves) exhibited noteworthy pharmacological activities while Acokanthera oppositifolia (leaves) had good COX inhibitory activity. The concentration of phenolics ranged from 56.7 to 1.7 mg GAE/g dry matter in Ocimum basilicum and Cotyledon orbiculata var. dactylopsis, respectively. Flavonoids, condensed tannin and gallotannin content also varied greatly among the plant extracts investigated. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Anthelmintic; Antimicrobial; Cyclooxygenase inhibition; Phenolic content; South African medicinal plants; Tannin	drug; enzyme activity; infectious disease; medicinal plant; parasitic disease; phenolic compound; plant extract; rural area; tannin; South Africa; Acokanthera oppositifolia; Caenorhabditis elegans; Cotyledon orbiculata; Cyathea; Felicia erigeroides; Hypoxis; Ocimum; Ocimum basilicum; Senna; Vermes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877823410	Mutagenic evaluation of 10 long-term stored medicinal plants commonly used in south africa	Aremu A.O., Moyo M., Amoo S.O., Van Staden J.	2013	South African Journal of Botany	87	None	10.1016/j.sajb.2013.03.002	Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Aremu, A.O., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Moyo, M., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Amoo, S.O., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Van Staden, J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	The use of medicinal plants is an increasing phenomenon among the majority of people in many developing countries. Some of the harvested medicinal plants are often stored for shorter or longer periods prior to usage. Evidence from recent studies has demonstrated the pharmacological efficacy of short and long-term stored plant materials when compared to freshly-harvested ones. In an attempt to evaluate the effect of long-term storage on the safety of some commonly used medicinal plants, the Ames test which involved the use of three Salmonella typhimurium tester strains (TA98, TA100 and TA1535) were conducted. Current findings indicate the absence of any mutagenic effects resulting from the storage of medicinal plant materials for as long as 16. years. Although freshly collected Acokanthera oppositifolia extract demonstrated a mutagenic effect against TA1535 strain at the highest concentration tested, no such effect was observed in the stored material. Further studies involving metabolic activation systems and in vivo conditions may further elucidate the effect of long-term storage on the safety of medicinal plants. © 2013 South African Association of Botanists.	Ames test; Conservation; Safety; Toxicity; Traditional medicine	concentration (composition); genetic analysis; harvesting; medicinal plant; metabolism; mutagenicity; safety; storage; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862086247	A case study evaluation of the impacts of optimised waste bin locations in a developing city	Aremu A.S., Sule B.F.	2012	Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems	29	2	10.1080/10286608.2012.672411	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Aremu, A.S., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Sule, B.F., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	This study was undertaken to evaluate the impacts of placing waste bins at optimal locations in the city of Ilorin, North Central Nigeria. The optimal locations of 1-10 waste bins were determined by the built-in solver for p-median problems in TransCAD v. 5.0 (Caliper, Corp.) software. The spatial performance of a particular number of waste bins created social, economic and environmental impacts which were evaluated from a combination of the attribute table from the p-median solution, solid waste generation data and collection operation data. The issues examined under these impacts were service coverage, public satisfaction, waste bin utility, costs associated with service provision and emissions from collection vehicles. The results indicate that service coverage and public satisfaction improved as the number of waste bins was increased from one to five. With 6-10 waste bins, 100% service coverage and public satisfaction was attained, however, some waste bins became underutilised. The service provision costs and emissions from the collection vehicle also increased as the number of waste bins increased. A multi-criteria analysis of these impacts can assist municipal authorities in achieving sustainable solid waste management. © 2012 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	developing country; impact; optimised location; solid waste; waste bin	Collection vehicles; Developing cities; impact; Multi Criteria Analysis; Municipal authorities; North Central Nigeria; Optimal locations; P-median; P-median problems; Public satisfaction; Service provisions; Solid waste generation; Spatial performance; Waste bins; Data acquisition; Developing countries; Optimization; Refuse collection; Solid wastes; Waste management; Bins; developing world; environmental impact; multicriteria analysis; municipal solid waste; optimization; service provision; socioeconomic impact; waste management; Ilorin; Kwara; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82755171146	Evaluation of protein and amino acid composition of selected spices grown in the Middle belt region of Nigeria	Aremu M.O., Alade P., Nweze C.C.	2011	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	10	10	None	Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria	Aremu, M.O., Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Alade, P., Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Nweze, C.C., Department of Biochemistry, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B. 1022, Keffi, Nigeria	A study was conducted to determine the suitability of six different spices (pepper, garlic, ginger, onion, curry leaf and tomatoes) with a view to appraising their nutritive values. For this purpose, crude protein and amino acid composition were determined using standard analytical techniques. The result gave crude protein content in percentage as; pepper (20.11), garlic (19.94), ginger (11.43), onion (10.36), curry leaf (25.67) and tomatoes (19.83). The Total Amino Acid (TAA) of pepper, garlic, ginger, onion, curry leaf and tomatoes were: 48.40, 66.25, 39.21, 40.21, 78.08 and 40.30 g/100g crude protein, respectively. The order of calculated isoelectric point (pI) was curry leaf > garlic > pepper > onion = tomatoes > ginger while that of Predicted Protein Efficiency Ratio (P-PER) was garlic > curry leaf > ginger > pepper > onion > tomatoes. The contents of Essential Amino Acid (EAA) in all the spice samples are generally lower than FAO/WHO recommended values except curry leaf which had a balance content of all the EAAs and garlic that was adequate only in Leu and Phe + Tyr based on FAO/WHO provisional pattern. So curry leaf is considered to be a valuable protein source for the human diet. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Amino acids; Crude protein; Nigeria; Spices	amino acid; leucine; phenylalanine; tyrosine; vegetable protein; amino acid analysis; amino acid composition; article; controlled study; food quality; garlic; ginger; isoelectric point; Murraya koenigii; Nigeria; nonhuman; nutritional value; onion; pepper; prediction; protein content; protein diet; tomato	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878843393	Evaluation of fatty acids and physicochemical characteristics of six varieties of bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea L. Verde) seed oils	Aremu M.O., Mamman S., Olonisakin A.	2013	Rivista Italiana delle Sostanze Grasse	90	2	None	Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, PMB1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria	Aremu, M.O., Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, PMB1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Mamman, S., Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, PMB1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Olonisakin, A., Department of Chemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria	A study was conducted to determine the suitability of six varieties of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verde) seed oils, an under-utilized crop grown in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. For this purpose, fatty acid composition of six different seed colours of bambara groundnut was determined using standard analytical techniques. The most concentrated fatty acids were oleic acid (17.54-18.49%) < palmitic acid (21.79-23.27%) < linoleic acid (34.04-35.62%). Arachidic and behenic acids were present in small quantities with none of them recording up to 1.0% in any of the samples. Caprylic, palmitoleic, margarle, capric, lauric, myristic, arachidonic, erucic and lignoceric acids were all determined but not detected. Unsaturated fatty acids predominated in all the samples with an adequate amount of essential fatty acid (linoleic and linolenic acids). Significant differences were observed (p < 0.05) in the fatty acid compositions among the bambara groundnut dehulled seed cultivars. The results of physicochemical properties of bambara groundnut varieties seed oils showed mean range values of the following parameters: saponifications value (174.80-181.02 mg KOH/g); peroxide value (9.10-11.05 meq02/kg); iodine value (111.98-122.22 mg of 1/100g); acid value (1.28-1.40 mg KOH/g); specific gravity at 25°C (0.874-0.881); unsaponifiable matter (2.39-2.47%); flash point (210-220°C); kinetic viscosity at 40°C (2.95-4.94). Generally, the values of the physicochemical parameters showed that the oils may be useful as edible oils due to their stability as frying oils and may also be useful industrially for the manufacture of products such as paints, liquid soaps and shampoos.	Fatty acids; Physicochemical parameters; Seed oils; Vigna subterranea	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053525511	Biochemical evaluation of fermented white maize (Zea mays L.) blended with scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.) flour	Aremu M.O., Olaofe O., Audu S.S., Ijalana D.M.	2011	Open Nutraceuticals Journal	4	None	10.2174/1876396001104010163	Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, PMB 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Aremu, M.O., Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, PMB 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Olaofe, O., Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Audu, S.S., Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, PMB 1022, Keffi, Nigeria; Ijalana, D.M., Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, PMB 1022, Keffi, Nigeria	Fermented maize product, ogi, is a popular weaning and breakfast cereal in west coasts of Africa. In the study proximate, mineral and amino acid compositions of ogi from a composite mixture of white maize (Zea mays L.) and scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.) flours were evaluated using standard processing techniques. Maize ogi was substituted with scarlet runner bean flour at ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40 maize: scarlet runner bean; with 100% maize ogi flour as control. The results showed that protein, ash and crude fibre contents increased progressively with increased scarlet runner bean flour substitution, reaching 192.0%, 187.5% and 170.0% dry weight, respectively at 60:40 ratio. The macro minerals such as Mg, Na and P also recorded increase in concentrations in the fortified products. Harmful heavy metals like Pb and Cd were below detection limit of the AAS. The total essential amino acids (TEAA) ranged from 20.37 - 27.59 g/100g crude protein or from 41.40 - 43.10% of the total amino acid while the limiting amino acid (LAA) was Met + Cys. It was also found that fortified samples had progressive increase in the concentration levels of total amino acid (TAA), total essential amino acid (TEAA), essential aromatic amino acid (EArAA) and total sulphur amino acid (TSAA). Generally, the present study indicates that at < 40% scarlet runner bean seed substitution of the ogi mass, the quality attributes of ogi can be maintained, with higher nutrient content. © Aremu et al.	Maize ogi; Nutritional quality; Scarlet runner bean	alanine; arginine; aspartic acid; cadmium; cysteine; glutamic acid; glycine; histidine; isoleucine; lead; leucine; lysine; magnesium; methionine; phenylalanine; phosphorus; proline; serine; sodium; threonine; tyrosine; valine; vegetable protein; amino acid analysis; article; ash; bean; cereal; controlled study; dry weight; flour; maize; nonhuman; ogi; phaseolus coccineus; plant fiber; priority journal; processing; Phaseolus coccineus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34748856174	Impact of grazing on forage quality and quantity for ungulates of the Kainji Lake National Park, Nigeria	Aremu O.T., Onadeko S.A., Inah E.I.	2007	Journal of Applied Sciences	7	13	None	Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, College of Environmental Resources Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Aremu, O.T., Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Onadeko, S.A., Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, College of Environmental Resources Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Inah, E.I., Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, College of Environmental Resources Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	The study examined the effect of grazing as simulated by clipping on forage quality and quantity in terms of above ground biomass, live, total production and nutrients content of forages utilized by ungulates of Kainji Lake National Park. Three 2.5x2.5 m plots were constructed in the three main vegetation communities in the Park, the plots were in three replicates in each vegetation community. Each plot received separate treatment including medium clipping, heavy clipping and unclipped, average forage biomass production and forage nutrients were measured. The results revealed that higher total annual above ground biomass was recorded in clipped plots which values ranged between 1642 and 2458 g m-2 year-1 when compared to unclipped plots which values ranged between 1.394 and 1.435 g m-2 yeacl-1. Equally, the values of annual total production of clipped and unclipped plots ranged between 250-471 and 210-254 g m-2 year-1 respectively, the values were significantly different at (p = 0.05). It was observed that forages in clipped plots contained higher values of crude protein and fat. Also they contained nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and sodium values above minimum values required by herbivores for body maintenance, pregnancy and lactation. Measures to improve forage quality and quantity in the Park are also discussed. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Clipping; Forage biomass; Grazing; Herbivores; Nutrients quality	Above ground biomass; Biomass productions; Clipping; Crude proteins; Forage quality; Grazing; Herbivores; Vegetation community; Animals; Forestry; Lakes; Nutrients; Biomass	None
None	None	The impact of demand factors, quality of care and access to facilities on contraceptive use in Tanzania	Arends-Kuenning M., Kessy F.L.	2007	Journal of Biosocial Science	39	1	10.1017/S0021932005001045	Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States; Economic and Social Research Foundation (ESRF), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Arends-Kuenning, M., Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States; Kessy, F.L., Economic and Social Research Foundation (ESRF), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	The low contraceptive prevalence rate and the existence of unmet demand for family planning services present a challenge for parties involved in family planning research in Tanzania. The observed situation has been explained by the demand-side variables such as socioeconomic characteristics and cultural values that maintain the demand for large families. A small, but growing body of research is examining the effect of supply-side factors such as quality of care of family planning services on the demand for contraceptives. This paper analyses the demand and supply factors determining contraceptive use in Tanzania using the Tanzania Service Availability Survey (1996) and the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (1996) data sets. The results show that access to family planning services and quality of care of services are important determinants of contraceptive use in Tanzania even after controlling for demand-side factors. © 2005 Cambridge University Press.	None	article; contraception; cultural value; drug utilization; family; family planning; health care access; health care availability; health care facility; health care need; health care quality; health services research; health survey; human; multivariate analysis; prevalence; socioeconomics; Tanzania; adolescent; adult; family planning; female; health care delivery; male; qualitative research; statistical model; utilization review; contraceptive agent; Adolescent; Adult; Contraceptive Agents; Family Planning Services; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Male; Models, Statistical; Qualitative Research; Quality of Health Care; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81455150141	Impact of smear microscopy results and observed therapy on tuberculosis treatment in Mombasa, Kenya	Arentz M., Narita M., Sangaré L., Kah J.F., Low D., Mandaliya K., Amukoye E., Sitienei J., Walson J.L.	2011	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	15	12	10.5588/ijtld.10.0625	Department of Medicine, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave, Box 359909, Seattle, WA 98104, United States; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Tuberculosis Control Program, Department of Public Health, Seattle and King County, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Pomona College, Claremont, CA, United States; Coast Provincial General Hospital, Mombasa, Kenya; Center for Respiratory Diseases Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Center for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya	Arentz, M., Department of Medicine, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave, Box 359909, Seattle, WA 98104, United States; Narita, M., Department of Medicine, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave, Box 359909, Seattle, WA 98104, United States, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Tuberculosis Control Program, Department of Public Health, Seattle and King County, Seattle, WA, United States; Sangaré, L., Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Kah, J.F., School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Low, D., Pomona College, Claremont, CA, United States; Mandaliya, K., Coast Provincial General Hospital, Mombasa, Kenya; Amukoye, E., Center for Respiratory Diseases Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Sitienei, J., Division of Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; Walson, J.L., Department of Medicine, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave, Box 359909, Seattle, WA 98104, United States, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Center for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya	SETTING: Tuberculosis (TB) treatment center at Coast Provincial General Hospital in Mombasa, Kenya. OBJECTIVES: To describe TB management practices in a facility in coastal Kenya and identify factors associated with poor treatment outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective review of patient treatment records from January 2008 to June 2009. Treatment outcomes of patients were classified as treatment success (cure or treatment completion) or poor treatment outcome (treatment failure, death or default). Relative risk regression was used to determine the association between exposures of interest and poor treatment outcomes. RESULTS: Records were obtained from a total of 183 patients: 142 (78%) had pulmonary TB, 68 (37%) were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected and 81 (44%) had acid-fast bacilli (AFB) positive smear microscopy. Most treated individuals (86%) achieved a successful treatment outcome as defined by the World Health Organization. Of those with poor treatment outcomes, 64% defaulted, 32% died, and 4% failed treatment. Initial negative AFB smear and HIV co-infection were associated with poor treatment outcomes (RR 3.32, 95%CI 1.22-8.99 and RR 4.61, 95%CI 1.69-12.59, respectively). CONCLUSION: Strategies to accelerate accurate diagnosis of smear-negative TB and increase patient retention during treatment, especially in HIV co-infected individuals, are needed to reduce poor treatment outcomes in Kenya. © 2011 The Union.	Kenya; Mombasa; Observed therapy; Smear microscopy; Tuberculosis	ethambutol; isoniazid; pyrazinamide; rifampicin; streptomycin; acid fast bacterium; adult; article; controlled study; drug dose regimen; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Kenya; lung tuberculosis; major clinical study; male; microscopy; mixed infection; outcome assessment; priority journal; retrospective study; smear; treatment failure; treatment outcome; Adolescent; Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Directly Observed Therapy; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Kenya; Male; Regression Analysis; Retrospective Studies; Risk; Sputum; Treatment Outcome; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884878053	Systematic Review of the Performance of Rapid Rifampicin Resistance Testing for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis	Arentz M., Sorensen B., Horne D.J., Walson J.L.	2013	PLoS ONE	8	10	10.1371/journal.pone.0076533	Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Center for AIDS Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Departments of Global Health, Medicine, Pediatrics and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Center for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya	Arentz, M., Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Sorensen, B., Center for AIDS Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Horne, D.J., Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Walson, J.L., Departments of Global Health, Medicine, Pediatrics and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Center for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya	Introduction:Rapid tests for rifampicin resistance may be useful for identifying isolates at high risk of drug resistance, including multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). However, choice of diagnostic test and prevalence of rifampicin resistance may both impact a diagnostic strategy for identifying drug resistant-TB. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the performance of WHO-endorsed rapid tests for rifampicin resistance detection.Methods:We searched MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library through January 1, 2012. For each rapid test, we determined pooled sensitivity and specificity estimates using a hierarchical random effects model. Predictive values of the tests were determined at different prevalence rates of rifampicin resistance and MDR-TB.Results:We identified 60 publications involving six different tests (INNO-LiPA Rif. TB assay, Genotype MTBDR assay, Genotype MTBDRplus assay, Colorimetric Redox Indicator (CRI) assay, Nitrate Reductase Assay (NRA) and MODS tests): for all tests, negative predictive values were high when rifampicin resistance prevalence was ≤ 30%. However, positive predictive values were considerably reduced for the INNO-LiPA Rif. TB assay, the MTBDRplus assay and MODS when rifampicin resistance prevalence was < 5%.Limitations:In many studies, it was unclear whether patient selection or index test performance could have introduced bias. In addition, we were unable to evaluate critical concentration thresholds for the colorimetric tests.Discussion:Rapid tests for rifampicin resistance alone cannot accurately predict rifampicin resistance or MDR-TB in areas with a low prevalence of rifampicin resistance. However, in areas with a high prevalence of rifampicin resistance and MDR-TB, these tests may be a valuable component of an MDR-TB management strategy. © 2013 Arentz et al.	None	rifampicin; antibiotic resistance; article; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test accuracy study; drug resistant tuberculosis; human; intermethod comparison; meta analysis; predictive value; prevalence; sensitivity and specificity; systematic review; tuberculosis rapid test; Antitubercular Agents; Bias (Epidemiology); Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Predictive Value of Tests; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Rifampin; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	NIH, National Institutes of Health; World Health Organization
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870154596	Evaluation of charge density and the theory for calculating membrane potential for a nano-composite nylon-6,6 nickel phosphate membrane	Arfin T., Falch A., Kriek R.J.	2012	Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics	14	48	10.1039/c2cp42683h	PGM Group, Chemical Resource Beneficiation (CRB), North-West University, Research Focus Area, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Arfin, T., PGM Group, Chemical Resource Beneficiation (CRB), North-West University, Research Focus Area, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Falch, A., PGM Group, Chemical Resource Beneficiation (CRB), North-West University, Research Focus Area, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Kriek, R.J., PGM Group, Chemical Resource Beneficiation (CRB), North-West University, Research Focus Area, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	A new crystalline organic-inorganic nano-composite nylon-6,6 nickel phosphate membrane was synthesised subsequent to which (a) the physico-chemical characteristics of the membrane were evaluated employing FTIR, SEM, EDX, TEM, XRD and porosity measurements, and (b) membrane potential measurements were conducted employing different concentrations (0.0001 ≤ c (M) ≤ 1) of KCl, NaCl and LiCl 1:1 electrolyte solutions. The Teorell, Meyer and Sievers (TMS) theoretical method was employed for evaluating the charge density of the synthesised membranes, and the observed data were utilised to calculate membrane potentials using the extended TMS theory. Charge density for 1:1 electrolyte solutions was found to decrease in the order KCl > NaCl > LiCl, which is in accordance with a decrease in the size of the cation. The synthesised membrane was found to be cation-selective with the measured membrane potentials found to be positive in all instances, decreasing in the order LiCl > NaCl > KCl, which is in accordance with an increase in the size of the cation for the chosen electrolytes. Observed potential data were used to calculate the transference numbers, mobilities, distribution coefficients, and charge effectiveness of ions and the theoretically calculated potential values were found to be in good agreement with the experimentally observed values. © 2012 the Owner Societies.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83655183603	Evaluation of co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and phosphate solubilizing Pseudomonas spp. effect on soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr.)) in Assossa area	Argaw A.	2012	Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology	14	1	None	School of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Argaw, A., School of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	An experiment was conducted at Assossa Agricultural Research Center (AARC) station during 2008 cropping season in order to study the effects of co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (TAL-378 and TAL-379) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) (Pseudomonas spp.), and conventional farmers' fertilizer level (combined and individual application of 46N kg ha-1 and 46 P2O5 kg ha-1) on nodulation, seed yield and yield components of soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr.)). Analyses of variance indicated that most of the parameters measured were significantly (P≥0.05) affected by the treatments. Accordingly, dual inoculation with TAL-378 and PSB significantly increased plant height at harvest, number of nodules per plant, nodule volume per plant, nodule fresh weight per plant, and shoot height at late flowering and early pod setting compared to the other treatments. Similarly, co-inoculation with TAL-378 and PSB, and dual fertilization of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers significantly increased number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod per plant and seed yield ha-1 compared to the other treatments. Analysis of plant tissue also indicated that dual inoculation of TAL-379 and PSB yielded the highest total N whereas the lowest was recorded for the negative control. Likewise, dual inoculation with TAL-378 and PSB and the positive control gave the highest plant P compared to all other treatments. The data revealed that, there was no significant difference (P≥0.05) in days required for emergence, flower bearing and maturity, number of seeds per pod, 300 seeds weight and root length among the investigated treatments. Thus, the dual inoculation of TAL-378 and PSB is recommended to achieve maximum seed yield of soybean in Assossa area.	Assossa; Bradyrhizobium japonicum; Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB); Soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr.)	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865298437	Variations in magnetic properties of target basalts with the direction of asteroid impact: Example from Lonar crater, India	Arif M., Basavaiah N., Misra S., Deenadayalan K.	2012	Meteoritics and Planetary Science	47	8	10.1111/j.1945-5100.2012.01395.x	Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai-410 218, India; School of Geological Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban-4000, South Africa	Arif, M., Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai-410 218, India; Basavaiah, N., Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai-410 218, India; Misra, S., School of Geological Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban-4000, South Africa; Deenadayalan, K., Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Navi Mumbai-410 218, India	The Lonar crater in Maharashtra state, India, has been completely excavated on the Deccan Traps basalt (approximately 65Ma) at approximately 570±47ka by an oblique impact of a possible chondritic asteroid that struck the preimpact target from the east at an angle of approximately 30-45 o to the horizon where the total duration of the shock event was approximately 1s. It is shown by our early work that the distribution of ejecta and deformation of target rocks around the crater rim are symmetrical to the east-west plane of impact (Misra et al. 2010). The present study shows that some of the rock magnetic properties of these shocked target basalts, e.g., low-field anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS), natural remanent magnetization (NRM)/bulk susceptibility (χ), and high-coercivity and high-temperature (HC_HT) magnetization component, are also almost symmetrically oriented with reference to the plane of impact. Studies on the relative displacements of K 3 (minimum) AMS axes of shocked basalts from around the crater rim and from the adjacent target rocks to the approximately 2-3km west of the crater center suggest that the impact stress could have branched out into the major southwestward and northwestward components in the downrange direction immediately after the impact. The biaxial distribution of AMS axes in stereographic plots for the unshocked basalts transforms mostly into triaxial distribution for the shocked basalts, although transitional type distribution also exists. The degree of anisotropy (P′) of AMS ellipsoids of the shocked basalts decreases by approximately 2% when compared with those of the unshocked target (approximately 1.03). The NRM/χ (Am -1) values of the shocked basalts on the rim of the Lonar crater do not show much change in the uprange or downrange direction on and close to the east-west plane of impact, and the values are only approximately 1.5times higher on average over the unshocked basalts around the crater. However, the values become approximately 1.4-16.4times higher for the shocked basalts on the crater rim, which occur obliquely to the plane of impact. The target basalts at approximately 2-3km west of the crater center in the downrange also show a significant increase (up to approximately 26times higher) in NRM/χ. The majority of the shocked basalt samples (approximately 73%) from around the crater rim, in general, show a lowering of REM, except those from approximately 2-3km west of the crater center in the downrange, where nearly half of the sample population shows a higher REM of approximately 3.63% in average. The shocked target basalts around the Lonar crater also acquired an HC_HT magnetization component due to impact. These HC_HT components are mostly oriented in the uprange direction and are symmetrically disposed about the east-west plane of impact, making an obtuse angle with the direction of impact. The low-coercivity and low-temperature (LC_LT) components of both the unshocked and shocked basalts are statistically identical to the present day field (PDF) direction. This could be chemical and/or viscous remanent magnetization acquired by the target basalts during the last 570±47ka, subsequent to the formation of the Lonar crater. The shocked Lonar target basalts appear to have remagnetized under high impact shock pressure and at low temperature of approximately 200-300°C, where Ti-rich titanomagnetite was the main magnetic remanence carrier. © The Meteoritical Society, 2012.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33644893072	Evaluation of speech in patients with partial surgically acquired defects: Pre and post prosthetic obturation	Arigbede A.O., Dosumu O.O., Shaba O.P., Esan T.A.	2006	Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice	7	1	None	Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Obe	Arigbede, A.O., Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Dosumu, O.O., Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Shaba, O.P., Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Esan, T.A., Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Obefeml Awolowo University, Ile-Ile, Nigeria	Aim: Maxillectomy often results in a high level of morbidity with significant psychological and functional implications for the patient. Such disabilities include inability to masticate, deglutition, and speech disturbance. Unfortunately, little is known about the nature of the speech disturbance and the influence of the class of surgical defects in this group of patients. The aims of the present study were to assess the effectiveness of the maxillary obturator as a speech rehabilitation aid and to examine the influence of the classes of surgical defects on speech intelligibility (SI). Materials and Methods: Twelve patients aged between 18 and 60 years with surgically acquired partial maxillary defects were included in this study. The patients were given immediate surgical obturators six to ten days after surgery, which were then converted to interim obturators by relining with tissue conditioner. Interim prostheses were used for two to three months until healing and resorption were found satisfactory after which the definitive obturators were fabricated. The SI test described by Plank et al.1 and Wheeler et al.8 was employed in this study. There were significant improvements in the mean SI score from 59.8% without prosthetic obturation, to 89.2% following interim obturation, and 94.7% following definitive obturation (p&lt;0.005). Nine patients (75%) had class I surgical defects, two patients (16.67%) had class II defects, while only one patient (8.33%) had a class VI surgical defect. None of the patients had class III, IV, or class V surgical defects. There was an improvement in the SI score from class I to class VI without obturation, after insertion of interim obturator, and after insertion of the definitive obturator. Conclusion: Results support the widely held view that the maxillary obturator is a useful speech rehabilitation aid. It also shows immediate, interim, and definitive obturators are all important in the speech rehabilitation of patients with surgically acquired maxillary defects. Moreover SI is affected by the class of defect.	Maxillectomy; Obturator; SI; Speech intelligibility	adult; article; bone remodeling; clinical article; controlled study; female; human; male; maxilla resection; osteolysis; patient assessment; postoperative complication; prosthesis; reparative dentistry; scoring system; speech; speech disorder; speech intelligibility; speech rehabilitation; statistical analysis; statistical significance; adolescent; aged; child; evaluation; maxilla; maxilla tumor; middle aged; Nigeria; oral surgery; outcome assessment; tooth prosthesis; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Dental Prosthesis Design; Female; Humans; Male; Maxilla; Maxillary Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Oral Surgical Procedures; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Palatal Obturators; Speech Intelligibility; Tissue Conditioning (Dental)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868608692	Effects of age and species on agronomic performance, chemical composition and in vitro gas production of some tropical multi-purpose tree species	Arigbede O.M., Tan Z.L., Anele U.Y., Sun Z.H., Tang S.X., Han X.F., ZhouC.S., Zeng B.	2012	Journal of Agricultural Science	150	6	10.1017/S0021859612000184	Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, P.O. Box 10, Hunan 410125, China; Pasture and Range Management Department, College of Animal Science and Livest	Arigbede, O.M., Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, P.O. Box 10, Hunan 410125, China, Pasture and Range Management Department, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Tan, Z.L., Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, P.O. Box 10, Hunan 410125, China; Anele, U.Y., Pasture and Range Management Department, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Sun, Z.H., Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, P.O. Box 10, Hunan 410125, China; Tang, S.X., Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, P.O. Box 10, Hunan 410125, China; Han, X.F., Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, P.O. Box 10, Hunan 410125, China; ZhouC.S., Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, P.O. Box 10, Hunan 410125, China; Zeng, B., Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, P.O. Box 10, Hunan 410125, China	Five tropical multi-purpose tree species (MPTS), Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Moringa oleifera, Millettia griffoniana, Pterocarpus santalinoides and Treculia Africana, and one exotic species (Leucaena leucocephala), which acted as the control, planted in a randomized complete block design, were selected to evaluate the potentials as feed supplements for herds in dry seasons of south-western Nigeria. Samples of the MPTS leaves were collected in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, weighed, dried and milled for estimation of biomass production, chemical analysis and measurement of in vitro gas production. Results showed significant differences (P < 0·001) in the biomass production of the MPTS. E. cyclocarpum consistently recorded the highest biomass production, height and collar diameter throughout the experimental period. There were also differences (P 0·001) in dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and ash contents of the MPTS across species and years after planting. M. oleifera recorded the highest CP content of 240 g/kg DM. Interactions were observed between species and year for neutral detergent fibre (NDFom), acid detergent fibre (ADFom) and lignin contents of the MPTS. M. griffoniana and M. oleifera had lower tannin contents, whereas E. cyclocarpum, P. santalinoides, T. africana and L. leucocephala had higher tannin contents. The values reported for mineral contents showed that their levels in the MPTS were adequate for ruminants and there were no differences in the contents of most minerals. In vitro gas production results showed that the potential gas production 'b' was highest in M. griffoniana and lowest in P. santalinoides and there were species and year interactions (P 0·001) for volatile fatty acid profiles of the supernatant after 96 h incubation. The estimated organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) of the MPTS were generally high. The high biomass production, CP and low fibre contents, as well as in vitro fermentation characteristics found for the MPTS evaluated in the current study suggest that these are better alternatives in comparison with L. leucocephala. It can be concluded that the MPTS evaluated have potential as sources of feed supplements for ruminants in dry seasons, especially in south western Nigeria. © Cambridge University Press 2012.	None	agronomy; biomass allocation; chemical composition; dry season; feeding ground; fermentation; gas production; interspecific interaction; plantation; ruminant; species inventory; stand structure; tree; tropical forest; Nigeria; Bovidae; Enterolobium cyclocarpum; Leucaena leucocephala; Millettia; Millettia griffoniana; Moringa oleifera; Pterocarpus; Pterocarpus santalinoides; Treculia africana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865092334	Evaluation of the chemical composition and anti nutritional factors levels of different thermally processed soybeans	Ari M.M., Ayanwale B.A., Adama T.Z., Olatunji E.A.	2012	Research Journal of Information Technology	4	4	10.3923/rjit.2012.220.227	Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, PMB 33 Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Depar	Ari, M.M., Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, PMB 33 Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; Ayanwale, B.A., Department of Animal Production Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Adama, T.Z., Department of Animal Production Technology, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Olatunji, E.A., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Abuja, FCT, Nigeria	Chemical composition, amino acid profile, Anti Nutritional Factors (ANFs) and protein quality factors of different thermally (extrusion, cooking, toasting and roasting) processed soybeans (Glycine max) for broiler diets were evaluated in this study. Dry Matter (DM) percentage ranged from 79.00-91.25% while Crude Protein (CP) percentage ranged from 12.51-28.34%. Crude Fibre (CF) values were highest with toasting (28.34) while cooking gave the lowest value (12.51). Ether Extract (EE) highest value was obtained in cooked soybeans (19.50%) while the least (9.72%) was obtained in extruded soybeans. Total ash percentages ranged from 4.27-4.46% while NFE percentage ranged from 13.75-26.31%. Ca and P percentage values were high (1.08, 0.33%) in roasted and extruded respectively. Amino acid profiles (g/100 g protein) values for lysine ranged from 2.40-5.1, while cystine had values ranging from 0.64-0.88. Methionine value were highest (1.02, 1.14) in cooking and roasting and least in extrusion (0.52) while phyenylalanine values ranged from 3.06-4.26. Reduction due to treatment was observed in Trypsin Inhibitor Activity (TIA) and phytic acid and cooking methods was highest for TIA (85%), extruded soybeans (60.59%), toasted and roasted soybeans were similar (52.44, 53.75%). Reduction in phytic acid was highest with roasted soybean (71.71%), followed by 70.73% in cooked soybeans, toasted soybean was least (48.12%). Urease assay values ranged from 0.02-0.09 (ApH) and cooked soybean had highest protein solubility index of 83.40%. Phytic acid and Trypsin Inhibitor Activity (TIA), phytic acid and percentage reduction in TIA, Protein Solubility Index (PSI) and phytic acid, TIA and percentage reduction in TIA were correlated. Protein quality and TIA inactivation was more preserved and effective with cooking method. 2012 Academic Journals Inc.	Amino acid profile; Anti nutritional factors; Proximate composition; Soybeans; Thermal processing	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947658918	Water quality changes in relation to Diptera community patterns and diversity measured at an organic effluent impacted stream in the Niger Delta, Nigeria	Arimoro F.O., Ikomi R.B., Iwegbue C.M.A.	2007	Ecological Indicators	7	3	10.1016/j.ecolind.2006.06.002	Department of Zoology, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria	Arimoro, F.O., Department of Zoology, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria; Ikomi, R.B., Department of Zoology, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria; Iwegbue, C.M.A., Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria	Impact of abattoir effluents (characterized by intestinal and stomach contents of slaughtered animals, ashes from roasted animals and blood stains) on water quality, distribution and abundance of Diptera were investigated in an urban stream, River Orogodo, Southern Nigeria, from July 2003 to June 2004. Water quality changes indicated significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) in conductivity, dissolved oxygen, BOD5, COD, total hardness, nitrate-nitrogen and phosphate-phosphorus between the three stations sampled. Higher values of these parameters were observed at the impacted station. The abundance and community structure of Diptera patterns, especially Chironomidae, Culicidae and Syrphidae families (all indicative of poor water quality) showed strong evidence of impact from the abattoir effluents. Comparisons of abundance values demonstrated high significance (p &lt; 0.05) between the impacted station and the upstream (station 1) and downstream station (station 3). Shannon index and Berger-Parker dominance were greater at the impacted station (station 2). Analysis of faunal similarities showed that upstream station 1(unpolluted site) was significantly different from stations 2 and 3. The distinct taxa found in station 2 (the impacted station) suggest that the organic input from the abattoir favoured their abundance as most of them were opportunistic species. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Diptera; Impact; Nigeria; Orogodo stream; Water quality	Animals; Effluents; Hardness; Nigeria; Rivers; Diptera patterns; Downstream stations; Orogodo stream; Water quality; abundance; bioindicator; community structure; ecological impact; effluent; fly; organic pollutant; river pollution; species diversity; water quality; Africa; Delta; Nigeria; Orogodo River; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Animalia; Chironomidae; Culicidae; Diptera; Syrphidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70249138673	Impact of rubber effluent discharges on the water quality and macroinvertebrate community assemblages in a forest stream in the Niger Delta	Arimoro F.O.	2009	Chemosphere	77	3	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.06.031	Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa	Arimoro, F.O., Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa	The ecological impact of rubber effluent on macroinvertebrate communities of the Adofi River, Niger Delta area of Nigeria were evaluated for a 6 month-period as part of a study to understand pollution processes in the river that may lead to improved regulation and policy development. Three sampling stations, each 25 m long were selected along 7 km stretch of the stream. Station 1, located upstream of the outfall from the rubber processing plant, station 2, immediately downstream of the effluent discharge point and station 3, 3 km downstream were sampled monthly. The rubber effluent impacted negatively on the sediment and water chemistry by elevating the levels of some heavy metals (Ni, Pb, and Zn), chemical parameters as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), conductivity and the amount of nutrients at the discharged site. A combined total of 87 macroinvertebrate taxa were recorded from the three stations of the river. The abundance and community structure showed variation between the effluent impacted site and the reference sites as most sensitive macroinvertebrate taxa were completely missing from the effluent impacted site. The preponderance of oligochaetes and some dipteran taxa associated with low dissolved oxygen levels in the impacted site bears credence to the fact that the chemical components of the rubber effluent waste water were lethal to some aquatic forms. Based on canonical correspondence analysis results, conductivity, BOD, phosphate and nitrate were strongly associated with the impacted station. At station 3, a community similar to the upstream reference station was found. Results illustrate the need for careful consideration of the water quality and indicator organisms in restoration. Mitigation procedures suggested for the rubber effluent included, for example, the decolourization of the highly coloured effluent and biodegradation prior to discharge, were recommended. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Adofi River; Anthropogenic activities; Biotic integrity; Heavy metals; Nigeria; Rubber industry effluent	Adofi River; Anthropogenic activities; Biotic integrity; Canonical Correspondence Analysis; Chemical component; Chemical parameters; Community structures; Decolourization; Ecological impacts; Effluent discharge; Indicator organisms; Low dissolved oxygen; Macroinvertebrate community; Macroinvertebrates; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Policy development; Pollution process; Reference sites; Reference stations; Rubber processing; Sampling stations; Water chemistry; Biochemical oxygen demand; Biodegradation; Dissolution; Dissolved oxygen; Effluents; Heavy metals; Heavy water; River pollution; Rubber; Rubber industry; Sewage; Wastewater; Wastewater treatment; Water quality; Zinc; Rivers; lead; nickel; zinc; anthropogenic effect; anthropogenic source; biochemical oxygen demand; biodegradation; chemical oxygen demand; community structure; ecological impact; effluent; heavy metal; Index of Biotic Integrity; industrial waste; macroinvertebrate; pollution policy; river pollution; sediment pollution; streamwater; water quality; article; biochemical oxygen demand; chemical oxygen demand; community structure; ecotoxicology; effluent; environmental impact; macroinvertebrate; Niger; nonhuman; rubber industry; stream (river); water pollution; water quality; water sampling; Animals; Biodiversity; Biomass; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Industrial Waste; Invertebrates; Kinetics; Metals, Heavy; Nigeria; Oxygen; Rivers; Rubber; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Adofi River; Africa; Delta; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Diptera; Oligochaeta (Metazoa)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-51849115975	Evaluation of antioxidant levels and trace element status in Nigerian sickle cell disease patients with Plasmodium parasitaemia	Arinola O.G., Olaniyi J.A., Akiibinu M.O.	2008	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	7	6	10.3923/pjn.2008.766.769	Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Pathology, Olabisi Onabanjo Universi	Arinola, O.G., Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olaniyi, J.A., Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Akiibinu, M.O., Department of Chemical Pathology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria	Homozygous sickle cell disease (genotype HbSS) confers a certain degree of protection to human (especially Africans) Plasmodium falciparum malaria, yet the precise mechanism remains unknown. Recent observations suggest that the mechanism might also involve immune and non-immune components. In this study, the plasma levels of trace elements (Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd and Se) and antioxidants (urea, albumin and total antioxidants) were determined in Nigerians with sickle cell disease with (HbSS+M), or without (HbSS-M) Plasmodium parasitaemia, haemoglobin AA with Plasmodium parasitaemia (HbAA+M) compared with those having haemoglobin AA without Plasmodium parasitaemia (HbAA-M) using spectrophotometric method. The mean level of urea was significantly higher while the total antioxidants (TAS), Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Se and albumin were not significantly different in HbAA+M subjects when compared with HbAA-M subjects. In HbSS-M subjects, the levels of Fe, Zn, Mn and TAS were significantly lower while the level of urea was significantly higher when compared with HbSS+M subjects. There were no significant differences in the values of Mg, Cu, Cd, Se and albumin in HbSS-M subjects when compared with HbAA-M. In HbSS+M subjects, significantly lower levels of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Se, total antioxidants, but significantly higher level of urea were observed when compared with the HbAA-M subjects. The result of this study revealed an aggravating effect of Plasmodium parasitaemia on deranged levels of trace elements in Nigerians with sickle cell disease. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Essential metals; Malaria; Sickle cell disease	albumin; antioxidant; cadmium; chromium; copper; hemoglobin aa; hemoglobin ss; hemoglobin variant; iron; magnesium; manganese; selenium; trace element; unclassified drug; urea; zinc; article; blood level; controlled study; hemoglobin SC disease; human; major clinical study; malaria; Nigeria; parasitemia; Plasmodium; spectrophotometry; Plasmodium falciparum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-52049121876	Evaluation of trace elements and total antioxidant status in Nigerian cassava processors	Arinola O.G., Nwozo S.O., Ajiboye J.A., Oniye A.H.	2008	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	7	6	10.3923/pjn.2008.770.772	Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria	Arinola, O.G., Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria; Nwozo, S.O., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria; Ajiboye, J.A., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria; Oniye, A.H., Department of Chemical Pathology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria	The consumption and export cassava or cassava product is on the increase, thus more Nigerians are involved in the planting and processing of cassava stems and tubers respectively. Tropical ataxic neuropathy (TAN) and diabetes Mellitus (DM) are among the cassava-cyanide induced conditions in rural Nigerians that engaged in processing and consumption of cassava products. TAN and DM are associated with certain trace elements, therefore this study determines the levels of trace elements (Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb) and total antioxidant (TAS) in 36 Nigerian cassava processors and 24 controls using spectrophotometric methods. The mean levels of Mg, Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu were not significantly raised in cassava processors compared with the controls. Also, the mean levels of essential trace elements such as Se, Zn, Fe, Mn and TAS were not significantly reduced in cassava processors compared with the controls. Fairly raised levels of toxic metals (Pb and Cd) and reduced levels of nutritionally essential trace elements (Se, Fe and Zn) call for future concern about the health status of long-time cassava processors. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2008.	Cassava; Micronutrients; Nigeria and neuropathy	antioxidant; cadmium; chromium; copper; iron; lead; magnesium; manganese; selenium; thiobarbituric acid reactive substance; trace element; trace metal; zinc; article; atomic absorption spectrometry; cassava; controlled study; food analysis; food processing; health status; human; Nigeria; trace metal blood level; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857772360	Microbial, nutritional and sensory evaluation of traditional sundried okra (orunla) in selected markets in South-Western Nigeria	Arise A.K., Arise R.O., Akintola A.A., Idowu O.A., Aworh O.C.	2012	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	11	3	None	Department of Home Economics and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Food Technology, U	Arise, A.K., Department of Home Economics and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Arise, R.O., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Akintola, A.A., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Idowu, O.A., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Aworh, O.C., Department of Food Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial load and evaluate the nutritional content and sensory property of traditional sun dried okra ("orunla" - Yoruba, Nigeria). Samples were purchased from four different markets at different time in South-western Nigeria. Microorganisms present in the samples were analyzed on nutrient agar, potato dextrose agar and malt extract. Proximate evaluation of the sun dried okra was also carried out to determine the protein, ascorbic acid, ash and crude fibre contents. Nutritional evaluation revealed considerable amount of measured nutrient without significant difference (p>0.05) inspite of the time and place of purchase. Sensory evaluation of the samples showed that they were generally acceptable to a taste panel. Microbial study identified Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergills tamari, Fusarium compactum, Rhizopus nigricans and Bacillus lichiniforms as some of the microorganisms present in the sun-dried vegetable. This study thus, suggested that sun-dried okra could be consumed but when processed under control microbial condition. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	Microbial load; Nutrients; Okra; Taste panel	agar; ascorbic acid; glucose; article; ash; Aspergillus; Aspergillus niger; Bacillus licheniformis; bacterial count; bacterium identification; controlled study; food analysis; food composition; food contamination; food industry; food intake; food processing; fungus isolation; Fusarium; malt; microbial identification; moisture; Nigeria; nonhuman; nutrient content; nutritional assessment; nutritional parameters; okra; physical chemistry; Rhizopus; Staphylococcus aureus; Abelmoschus; Aspergillus niger; Fusarium compactum; Rhizopus stolonifer; Solanum tuberosum; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867597555	Toxicity evaluation of crankcase oil in rats	Arise R.O., Tella A.C., Akintola A.A., Akiode S.O., Malomo S.O.	2012	EXCLI Journal	11	None	None	Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Arise, R.O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Tella, A.C., Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Akintola, A.A., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Akiode, S.O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Malomo, S.O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of crankcase oil on the cellular and functional integrity of rat skin. Thirty (30) rats were randomly grouped into six viz groups A-F. Group A (base-line control) received 2 ml of distilled water. 2.5 %, 5.0 %, 7.5 %, and 10.0 % v/v of the crankcase oil were prepared using unused oil as solvent and 2 ml of the concentrations were topically administered to groups C-F respectively for seven consecutive days. Group B served as positive control and received 2 ml of the unused oil. The rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last administration, and blood and part of the skin were collected. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde level in the blood and skin samples collected were evaluated. Elemental analysis of the crankcase oil was also carried out. The result revealed high lead, iron and chromium levels. Blood lead concentration of rats was significantly (P<0.05) high after seven days of administration. ALP level in skin and serum increased significantly (P<0.05) with the concentration of crankcase oil. There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in skin ACP activity while it increased significantly (P<0.05) in the serum. Similar results were observed in the SOD levels of the serum and the skin. The level increased significantly (P<0.05) in groups D-F when compared with controls. The MDA concentration of both serum and skin were significantly (P<0.05) elevated. This suggests toxic potential of used lubricating oil and its potential predisposition to cancer.	Cancer; Crankcase oil; Malondialdehyde; Superoxide dismutase	acid phosphatase; alkaline phosphatase; chromium; crankase oil; fuel oil; iron; lead; malonaldehyde; superoxide dismutase; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; blood sampling; concentration (parameters); controlled study; cytotoxicity; enzyme activity; enzyme assay; enzyme blood level; female; molecular dynamics; nonhuman; rat; skin examination; skin toxicity; toxicity testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959624575	Violence and culture on women role performance in economic and sustainable development in Nigeria	Arisi R.O.	2011	European Journal of Social Sciences	21	3	None	Social Science Education, Delta State University Abraka, Nigeria	Arisi, R.O., Social Science Education, Delta State University Abraka, Nigeria	Nigeria just like any other African Countries is besieged with harmful cultural practices which tend to regulate womanhood in the Socio-economic as well as political development of the nation. To this extent, this paper will examine the issues of violence against women and the destabilizing effect of cultural practices among women which tends to limit their role in the sustainable development of the nation. This paper will also proffer solutions to the identifiable social and cultural practices which tend to limit the role performance of women in the country.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053150203	Geological and geophysical evaluation of the Ajana area's groundwater potential, Southwestern Nigeria [Evaluación geológica y geofísica del potencial de aguas subterráneas de la zona Ajana, el sudoeste de Nigeria]	Ariyo S.O., Folorunso A.F., Ajibade O.M.	2011	Earth Sciences Research Journal	15	1	None	Department of Earth Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Department of Geosciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Earth Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	Ariyo, S.O., Department of Earth Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Folorunso, A.F., Department of Geosciences, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Ajibade, O.M., Department of Earth Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	A combined geological and geophysical evaluation was made of the groundwater potential of the Ajana, Remo North area in south-western Nigeria; the geology and other structural features of the rocks there strongly influenced and correlated the aquifers' storability and transmissivity. Geological mapping revealed that the area was made up of granite, quartzite and varieties of gneiss, some of which have good secondary porosity and permeability. Ten vertical electric soundings (VES) stations were established using a Schlumberger electrode array. Five geoelectric layers consisting of topsoil, sand, clayey-sandy, fractured/weathered basement and fresh bedrock were delineated. The aquifer layers were the 38.3m thick 283?m resistivity sand/sandy clay and 55 - 518?m resistivity fractured/weathered basement. Other geoelectric parameters used in evaluating the area's hydrogeological potential included curve type, anisotropy coefficient and reflection coefficient-The QH curve type was predominant in the area. The anisotropy Coefficients suggested VES stations having high groundwater potential ranging from 1.4-1.56; while the reflection coefficients for the area ranged from 0.21-0.99. The overall results showed that VES stations 8, 9 and 10 could be possible groundwater sources having high expected yield.	Ajana; Anisotropy coefficient; Geoelectric layers; Groundwater potential; Mapping; Reflection coefficient	anisotropy; electrical resistivity; electrode; geological structure; geophysical method; groundwater abstraction; porosity; transmissivity; Nigeria	None
None	None	The impact of diversity and equality management on firm performance: Beyond high performance work systems	Armstrong C., Flood P.C., Guthrie J.P., Liu W., MacCurtain S., Mkamwa T.	2010	Human Resource Management	49	6	10.1002/hrm.20391	Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland; Dublin City University, Ireland; University of Kansas, United States; Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China; University of Limerick, Ireland; Saint Augustine University of Tanzania, Tanzania	Armstrong, C., Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland; Flood, P.C., Dublin City University, Ireland; Guthrie, J.P., University of Kansas, United States; Liu, W., Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China; MacCurtain, S., University of Limerick, Ireland; Mkamwa, T., Saint Augustine University of Tanzania, Tanzania	This article demonstrates that a diversity and equality management system (DEMS) contributes to firm performance beyond the effects of a traditional high-performance work system (HPWS), which consists of bundles of work practices and policies used extensively in high-performing firms. A DEMS typically includes diversity training and monitoring recruitment, pay, and promotion across minority or other disadvantaged groups. Our analysis of quantitative data from service and manufacturing organizations in Ireland confirms that HPWS practices are associated with positive business performance and finds specifically that DEMS practices are positively associated with higher labor productivity and workforce innovation and lower voluntary employee turnover. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	Diversity and equality management; Firm-level performance; High performance work system; Labor productivity; Voluntary turnover; Workforce innovation	None	None
None	None	Cluster-randomized study of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in infants (IPTi) in southern Tanzania: Evaluation of impact on survival	Armstrong Schellenberg J.R.M., Maokola W., Shirima K., Manzi F., Mrisho M., Mushi A., Alonso P., Mshinda H., Tanner M., Schellenberg D.M.	2011	Malaria Journal	10	None	10.1186/1475-2875-10-387	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Muheza, Tanzania; Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland	Armstrong Schellenberg, J.R.M., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania; Maokola, W., Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania; Shirima, K., Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania; Manzi, F., Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania; Mrisho, M., Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania; Mushi, A., Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania, National Institute for Medical Research, Muheza, Tanzania; Alonso, P., Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique; Mshinda, H., Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania; Tanner, M., Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Schellenberg, D.M., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Background: Intermittent Preventive Treatment for malaria control in infants (IPTi) consists of the administration of a treatment dose of an anti-malarial drug, usually sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, at scheduled intervals, regardless of the presence of Plasmodium falciparum infection. A pooled analysis of individually randomized trials reported that IPTi reduced clinical episodes by 30%. This study evaluated the effect of IPTi on child survival in the context of a five-district implementation project in southern Tanzania. [Trial registration: clinical trials.gov NCT00152204]. Methods. After baseline household and health facility surveys in 2004, five districts comprising 24 divisions were randomly assigned either to receive IPTi (n = 12) or not (n = 12). Implementation started in March 2005, led by routine health services with support from the research team. In 2007, a large household survey was undertaken to assess the impact of IPTi on survival in infants aged two-11 months through birth history interviews with all women aged 13-49 years. The analysis is based on an "intention-to-treat" ecological design, with survival outcomes analysed according to the cluster in which the mothers lived. Results: Survival in infants aged two-11 months was comparable in IPTi and comparison areas at baseline. In intervention areas in 2007, 48% of children aged 12-23 months had documented evidence of receiving three doses of IPTi, compared to 2% in comparison areas (P < 0.0001). Over the three years of the study there was a marked improvement in survival in both groups. Between 2001-4 and 2005-7, mortality rates in two-11 month olds fell from 34.1 to 23.6 per 1,000 person-years in intervention areas and from 32.3 to 20.7 in comparison areas. In 2007, divisions implementing IPTi had a 14% (95% CI -12%, 49%) higher mortality rate in two-11 month olds in comparison with non-implementing divisions (P = 0.31). Conclusion: The lack of evidence of an effect of IPTi on survival could be a false negative result due to a lack of power or imbalance of unmeasured confounders. Alternatively, there could be no mortality impact of IPTi due to low coverage, late administration, drug resistance, decreased malaria transmission or improvements in vector control and case management. This study raises important questions for programme evaluation design. © 2011 Schellenberg et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	antimalarial agent; diphtheria pertussis tetanus vaccine; measles vaccine; article; controlled study; evaluation; false negative result; health care facility; health service; health survey; household; human; infant; intention to treat analysis; malaria; mortality; outcome assessment; preventive medicine; randomization; randomized controlled trial; survival; Tanzania; vector control	None
WoS	WOS:000273659900007	Randomized response techniques: An application to the Botswana AIDS impact survey	Arnab, Raghunath,Singh, Sarjinder	2010	JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PLANNING AND INFERENCE	140	4	10.1016/j.jspi.2009.09.019	University of Botswana, Texas A&M Univ, Texas A&M University Kingsville, Texas A&M University System	"Arnab, Raghunath: University of Botswana",	The performance of the sampling strategy used in the Botswana Aids Impact Survey H (BAISII) has been studied in detail under a randomized response technique. We have shown that alternative strategies based on the Rao-Harley-Cochran (RHC) sampling scheme for the selection of first stage units perform much better than other strategies. In particular, the combination RHC for the selection of first stage units (fsu's) and systematic sampling for the selection of second stage units (ssu's) perform the best when the sample size is small where as the RHC and SRSWOR perform the best when the sample size is large. In view of the present findings it is recommended that the BAISII survey should be studied in more detail incorporating more indicators and increased sample sizes. This is because the BAISII survey design is extensively in use for large scales surveys in Southern African countries. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	"multi-stage sampling","RANDOMIZED RESPONSE","RELATIVE EFFICIENCY","SAMPLING DESIGN","VARIANCE ESTIMATION",MODEL	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891894752	Impact of helminth diagnostic test performance on estimation of risk factors and outcomes in HIV-positive adults	Arndt M.B., John-Stewart G., Richardson B.A., Singa B., Van Lieshout L., Verweij J.J., Sangaré L.R., Mbogo L.W., Naulikha J.M., Walson J.L.	2013	PLoS ONE	8	12	10.1371/journal.pone.0081915	Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Allergy and Infectious Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Reproductive Health, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands	Arndt, M.B., Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; John-Stewart, G., Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Allergy and Infectious Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Richardson, B.A., Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Singa, B., Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya, Centre for Reproductive Health, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Van Lieshout, L., Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Verweij, J.J., Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Sangaré, L.R., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Mbogo, L.W., Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Naulikha, J.M., Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Walson, J.L., Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States	Background: Traditional methods using microscopy for the detection of helminth infections have limited sensitivity. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays enhance detection of helminths, particularly low burden infections. However, differences in test performance may modify the ability to detect associations between helminth infection, risk factors, and sequelae. We compared these associations using microscopy and PCR. Methods: This cross-sectional study was nested within a randomized clinical trial conducted at 3 sites in Kenya. We performed microscopy and real-time multiplex PCR for the stool detection and quantification of Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Schistosoma species. We utilized regression to evaluate associations between potential risk factors or outcomes and infection as detected by either method. Results: Of 153 HIV-positive adults surveyed, 55(36.0%) and 20(13.1%) were positive for one or more helminth species by PCR and microscopy, respectively (p<0.001). PCR-detected infections were associated with farming (Prevalence Ratio 1.57, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.40), communal water source (PR 3.80, 95% CI: 1.01, 14.27), and no primary education (PR 1.54, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.33), whereas microscopy-detected infections were not associated with any risk factors under investigation. Microscopy-detected infections were associated with significantly lower hematocrit and hemoglobin (means of -3.56% and -0.77 g/dl) and a 48% higher risk of anemia (PR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.88) compared to uninfected. Such associations were absent for PCR-detected infections unless infection intensity was considered, Infections diagnosed with either method were associated with increased risk of eosinophilia (PCR PR 2.42, 95% CI: 1.02, 5.76; microscopy PR 2.92, 95% CI: 1.29, 6.60). Conclusion: Newer diagnostic methods, including PCR, improve the detection of helminth infections. This heightened sensitivity may improve the identification of risk factors for infection while reducing ability to discriminate infections associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Quantitative assays can be used to differentiate infection loads and discriminate infections associated with sequelae. © 2013 Arndt et al.	None	albendazole; hemoglobin; praziquantel; adult; Ancylostoma duodenale; article; Ascaris lumbricoides; controlled study; cross-sectional study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test; eosinophilia; feces analysis; female; helminth; helminthiasis; hematocrit; hemoglobin blood level; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Kenya; major clinical study; microscopy; Necator americanus; polymerase chain reaction; prevalence; quantitative assay; real time polymerase chain reaction; risk factor; Schistosoma; sensitivity analysis; Strongyloides stercoralis; task performance; Adult; Animals; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; DNA, Helminth; Female; Helminthiasis; Helminths; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Male; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Risk Factors; Species Specificity; Treatment Outcome	NIH, National Institutes of Health; NIAID, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; NCI, National Cancer Institute; NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health; NIDA, National Institute on Drug Abuse; NICHD, National Institute of Child Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951022635	Molecular monitoring of African swine fever virus using surveys targeted at adult Ornithodoros ticks: A re-evaluation of Mkuze Game Reserve, South Africa	Arnot L.F., Toit J.T.D.U., Bastos A.D.S.	2009	Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research	76	4	None	Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5230, United States; ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	Arnot, L.F., Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Toit, J.T.D.U., Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa, Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5230, United States; Bastos, A.D.S., Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa, ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	The Mkuze Game Reserve (MGR), in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa is an African swine fever virus (ASF) controlled area. In a survey conducted in 1978, ASF prevalence in warthogs and Ornithodoros ticks in MGR was determined to be 2 % and 0.06 %, respectively. These values, acknowledged as being unusually low compared to other East and southern African ASFpositive sylvatlc-cycle host populations, have not been assessed since. The availability of a sensitive PCR-based virus detection method, developed specifically for the sylvatic tampan host, prompted a re-evaluation of ASF virus (ASFV) prevalence in MGR ticks. Of the 98 warthog burrows inspected for Ornithodoros presence, 59 (60.2 %) were found to contain tampans and tick sampling was significantly male-biased. Whilst gender sampling-bias is not unusual, the 27 % increase in infestation rate of warthog burrows since the 1978 survey is noteworthy as it anticipates a concomitant increase in ASFV prevalence, particularly in light of the high proportion (75 %) of adult ticks sampled. However, despite DNA integrity being confirmed by internal control amplification of the host 16S gene, PCR screening failed to detect ASFV. These results suggest that ASFV has either disappeared from MGR or if present, is localized, occurring at exceptionally low levels. Further extensive surveys are required to establish the ASFV status of sylvatic hosts in this controlled area.	African swine fever virus; Mkuze game reserve; Ornithodoros porcinus; PCR; Warthog	virus DNA; African swine fever; African swine fever virus; animal; animal disease; article; classification; female; genetics; genotype; isolation and purification; male; parasite vector; phylogeny; polymerase chain reaction; sex difference; South Africa; swine; tick; tick infestation; virology; African Swine Fever; African Swine Fever Virus; Animals; Arachnid Vectors; DNA, Viral; Female; Genotype; Male; Ornithodoros; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sex Factors; South Africa; Swine; Tick Infestations; African swine fever virus; Ixodida; Ornithodoros; Ornithodoros porcinus; Phacochoerus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349634151	The challenge of integrating sustainability into talent and organization strategies: Investing in the knowledge, skills and attitudes to achieve high performance	Arnott J., Lacy P., Lowitt E.	2009	Corporate Governance	9	4	10.1108/14720700910985025	Accenture, Kelvin, South Africa; Accenture, London, United Kingdom; Accenture, Boston, MA, United States	Arnott, J., Accenture, Kelvin, South Africa; Lacy, P., Accenture, London, United Kingdom; Lowitt, E., Accenture, Boston, MA, United States	Purpose - This paper aims to address the importance of a framework for developing employees' sustainability knowledge, skills, and behaviors. Design/methodology/approach - The paper draws on in-depth interviews with executives from five Fortune 1000 companies that are viewed as market leaders in addressing sustainability. Findings - This paper provides a series of initiatives to equip their employees' talent - from top executives to employees throughout the organization - with the much needed, but often sorely lacking knowledge, skills and attitudes to spearhead efforts to attend to sustainability both today and tomorrow. Practical implications - The usefulness of demonstrating a company's suite of ongoing initiatives to address sustainability to potential employees during the recruiting process is highlighted by each company. Originality/value - The framework covered by this paper can help companies enhance their talent management skills. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Employees; Leadership development; Management development	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76549128107	Oil spill incidents and pipeline vandalization in Nigeria: Impact on public health and negation to attainment of Millennium development goal: The Ishiagu example	Aroh K.N., Ubong I.U., Eze C.L., Harry I.M., Umo-Otong J.C., Gobo A.E.	2010	Disaster Prevention and Management	19	1	10.1108/09653561011022153	Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology (IGST), Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Institute of Pollution Studies, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Por	Aroh, K.N., Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology (IGST), Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ubong, I.U., Institute of Pollution Studies, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Eze, C.L., Rivers State Environmental Sanitation Authority (Port Harcourt), Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Harry, I.M., Rivers State Environmental Sanitation Authority (Port Harcourt), Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Umo-Otong, J.C., Environmental and Human Health Research Association, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Gobo, A.E., Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology (IGST), Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to review oil spill incidents and pipeline vandalism in Nigeria between 1970 and 2006 and to examine the potential danger posed by such activities to public health. Design/methodology/approach - The approach adopted to achieve this objective is questionnaire administration on health impacts. Also secondary sources of information come from textbooks and journals. However, data from natural resources exploitation and hazards are collated and analyzed. Findings - It is evident that, out of the 1,000 reported oil spill incidents analyzed, some hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil are lost to the environment. Graphic pictures of typical oil spill through acts of vandalism in Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria are analyzed and reviewed. The run-off and sedimentation of this pollutant in fresh water systems severely degrade water quality, affect fish spawning and aquatic invertebrates' habitats, thus lowering food web productivity. Incidentally the spill-over effect on humans who directly depend on fish and other aquatic food as an alternative protein supplement is quite inundating. The effects on humans include irritation, dermatitis, cancer, occurrence of abortion, organ failure and genetic disorder. Research limitations/implications - The limitations encountered in this research work include logistics problems, poor response and uncooperative attitude from respondents, transportation difficulties and restricted access to impacted sites by law enforcement agents and funding. Therefore subsequent researchers in this area should be equipped adequately with both the necessary protective gadgets and increased funding to meet challenges of this nature. Practical implications - The practical implication of the study is that oil spill incidents should be documented and reported early enough for prompt attention by the regulatory agencies in order to protect and enhance the quality of the environment. Originality/value - The value of the paper is that oil spill and pipeline vandalization devastate the environment, pollute dependable potable water sources such as streams and rivers and should be seen as a serious threat and negation to the attainment of the United Nations Millennium development goals. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Personal health; Pipelines; Vandalism	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938574028	The impact of multimorbidity on adult physical and mental health in low- and middle-income countries: What does the study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) reveal?	Arokiasamy P., Uttamacharya U., Jain K., Biritwum R.B., Yawson A.E., Wu F., Guo Y., Maximova T., Espinoza B.M., Salinas Rodríguez A., Afshar S., Pati S., Ice G., Banerjee S., Liebert M.A., Snodgrass J.J., Naidoo N., Chatterji S., Kowal P.	2015	BMC Medicine	13	1	10.1186/s12916-015-0402-8	International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India; Department of Community Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Shanghai, China; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS), Moscow, Russian Federation; National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Centre for Evaluation Research and Surveys, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, United Kingdom; Indian Institute of Public Health, Bhubaneswar, Public Health Foundation of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; Ohio University, Department of Social Medicine and Director of Global Health, Athens, OH, United States; Centre for Dementia Studies, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Oregon, Department of Anthropology, Eugene, OR, United States; World Health Organization, Statistics Measurement and Analysis Unit, Geneva, Switzerland; World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), Geneva, Switzerland; University of Newcastle Priority Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, Newcastle, NSW, Australia	Arokiasamy, P., International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India; Uttamacharya, U., International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India; Jain, K., International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India; Biritwum, R.B., Department of Community Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Yawson, A.E., Department of Community Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Wu, F., Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Shanghai, China; Guo, Y., Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Shanghai, China; Maximova, T., Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS), Moscow, Russian Federation; Espinoza, B.M., National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Centre for Evaluation Research and Surveys, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Salinas Rodríguez, A., National Institute of Public Health (INSP), Centre for Evaluation Research and Surveys, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; Afshar, S., Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, United Kingdom; Pati, S., Indian Institute of Public Health, Bhubaneswar, Public Health Foundation of India, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; Ice, G., Ohio University, Department of Social Medicine and Director of Global Health, Athens, OH, United States; Banerjee, S., Centre for Dementia Studies, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom; Liebert, M.A., University of Oregon, Department of Anthropology, Eugene, OR, United States; Snodgrass, J.J., University of Oregon, Department of Anthropology, Eugene, OR, United States; Naidoo, N., World Health Organization, Statistics Measurement and Analysis Unit, Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), Geneva, Switzerland; Chatterji, S., World Health Organization, Statistics Measurement and Analysis Unit, Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), Geneva, Switzerland; Kowal, P., World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), Geneva, Switzerland, University of Newcastle Priority Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, Newcastle, NSW, Australia	Background: Chronic diseases contribute a large share of disease burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Chronic diseases have a tendency to occur simultaneously and where there are two or more such conditions, this is termed as 'multimorbidity'. Multimorbidity is associated with adverse health outcomes, but limited research has been undertaken in LMICs. Therefore, this study examines the prevalence and correlates of multimorbidity as well as the associations between multimorbidity and self-rated health, activities of daily living (ADLs), quality of life, and depression across six LMICs. Methods: Data was obtained from the WHO's Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Wave-1 (2007/10). This was a cross-sectional population based survey performed in LMICs, namely China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa, including 42,236 adults aged 18 years and older. Multimorbidity was measured as the simultaneous presence of two or more of eight chronic conditions including angina pectoris, arthritis, asthma, chronic lung disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stroke, and vision impairment. Associations with four health outcomes were examined, namely ADL limitation, self-rated health, depression, and a quality of life index. Random-intercept multilevel regression models were used on pooled data from the six countries. Results: The prevalence of morbidity and multimorbidity was 54.2 % and 21.9 %, respectively, in the pooled sample of six countries. Russia had the highest prevalence of multimorbidity (34.7 %) whereas China had the lowest (20.3 %). The likelihood of multimorbidity was higher in older age groups and was lower in those with higher socioeconomic status. In the pooled sample, the prevalence of 1+ ADL limitation was 14 %, depression 5.7 %, self-rated poor health 11.6 %, and mean quality of life score was 54.4. Substantial cross-country variations were seen in the four health outcome measures. The prevalence of 1+ ADL limitation, poor self-rated health, and depression increased whereas quality of life declined markedly with an increase in number of diseases. Conclusions: Findings highlight the challenge of multimorbidity in LMICs, particularly among the lower socioeconomic groups, and the pressing need for reorientation of health care resources considering the distribution of multimorbidity and its adverse effect on health outcomes. © 2015 Arokiasamy et al.	Activities of daily living; Low- and middle-income countries; Mental health; Multimorbidity; Non-communicable diseases; Quality of life	ADL disability; adult; age; aged; aging; angina pectoris; arthritis; Article; asthma; cerebrovascular accident; China; chronic lung disease; correlation analysis; cross-sectional study; daily life activity; depression; diabetes mellitus; disease association; female; Ghana; health care need; health care system; health status; human; hypertension; India; lowest income group; major clinical study; male; mental health; Mexico; middle aged; morbidity; multimorbidity; physical capacity; prevalence; quality of life; regression analysis; Russian Federation; self evaluation; social status; South Africa; visual impairment; young adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862255906	The results of treatment of children with metastatic Wilms tumours (WT) in an African setting: Do liver metastases have a negative impact on survival?	Aronson D.C., Maharaj A., Sheik-Gafoor M.H., Hadley G.	2012	Pediatric Blood and Cancer	59	2	10.1002/pbc.24080	Department of Paediatric Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa	Aronson, D.C., Department of Paediatric Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Maharaj, A., Department of Paediatric Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Sheik-Gafoor, M.H., Department of Paediatric Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Hadley, G., Department of Paediatric Surgery, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa	Background: From Africa, where socio-economic circumstances differ from the developed world, there are no data regarding the influence of liver metastases on survival of children with Wilms tumour. Procedure: One hundred fifty new patients with WT were seen between 2002 and 2010, 45 (30%) had metastases at diagnosis. Seven patients had bilateral disease with additional visceral metastases. Nine patients who developed liver metastases during treatment were excluded. The site of metastases and the results of pretreatment biopsies were retrieved. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy was combined with nutritional resuscitation, and aggressive supportive care. Post-operative treatment was determined by stage and histology. Results: Liver metastases were present in 19 (42%) patients but were the sole metastatic site in only 4 (9%). Overall survival at 5 years was 58.5%. Event Free Survival was 54%. Thirty-three (73%) had favourable histology, nine unfavourable and undetermined in three. No influence of histology on outcome was evident. Three patients had resection of persistent liver metastases. The pattern of metastatic disease had no influence on outcome. Despite aggressive supportive care two patients (4%) died within a week of presentation. Two patients died of chemotoxicity and two of complications following biopsy. Eight patients (17%) were lost to follow-up of whom five were on palliative treatment only. Conclusions: In Africa liver metastases do not appear to worsen the prognosis of children with Stage IV WT. Despite the poor socio-economic circumstances survival is comparable to other countries. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc..	Africa; Liver metastases; Metastatic disease; Prognosis; Wilms tumour	adjuvant chemotherapy; Africa; anaplastic carcinoma; article; cancer palliative therapy; cancer prognosis; cancer staging; cancer survival; child; clinical article; event free survival; female; histology; human; infant; liver metastasis; lung metastasis; male; nephroblastoma; newborn; nutritional support; overall survival; preschool child; priority journal; school child; teratoma; Child; Child, Preschool; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kidney Neoplasms; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Survival Rate; Wilms Tumor	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547896682	Evaluation of microorganisms from cassava waste water for production of amylase and cellulase	Arotupin D.J.	2007	Research Journal of Microbiology	2	5	None	Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria	Arotupin, D.J., Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria	Microorganisms associated with cassava waste water-byproduct of cassava processing obtained from five different factories within Akure, Nigeria were investigated. The associated microorganisms were counted and isolated by standard microbiological methods. The highest microbial counts were recorded in factory 5 with 8.02×105 cfu mL-1 and 5.00×102 sfu mL-1 for bacteria and fungi, respectively, while factory 2 had the least counts of 2.33×105 cfu mL-1 and 3.20×102 sfu mL-1 for bacteria and fungi. The bacteria isolated were Aercoccus viridens, Bacillus substilis, Bacillus sp. Corynebacterium manihot and Lactobacillus acidophilus, while fungal isolates included Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, A. repens, Articulospora inflata and Geotrichum candidum. The yeasts were Candida utilis and Saccharomyces exguus. The pH values and titratable acidity (TTA) ranged from 3.55 to 4.02 and 9.50 to 13.01%, respectively. All the microbial isolates were screened for production of amylase and cellulase, Aerococcus viridens, Bacillus sp. Corynebacterium manihot, A. niger, Articulospora inflata, Geotrichum candidum and Candida utilis were positive for amylase and cellulase. Bacillus substilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces exguus were positive for amylase only, while A. fumigatus and A. repens were positive for cellulase only. Cassava processing water regarded as waste water, hence discharged into the environment constituting nuisance to tenestrial and aquatic life could be explored as a source of microorganisms capable of producing amylase and cellulase for industrial applications. © 2007 Academic Journals.	Amylase; Cassava waste water; Cellulase; Factory; Microbial count	Aerococcus; Articulospora; Aspergillus fumigatus; Bacillus (bacterium); Bacillus sp.; Bacteria (microorganisms); Corynebacterium; Fungi; Galactomyces geotrichum; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Manihot; Manihot esculenta; Pichia jadinii; Saccharomyces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955467685	The impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on patients with locally advanced breast cancer in a Nigerian semiurban teaching hospital: A single-center descriptive study	Arowolo O.A., Akinkuolie A.A., Lawal O.O., Alatise O.I., Salako A.A., Adisa A.O.	2010	World Journal of Surgery	34	8	10.1007/s00268-010-0617-y	Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State 220005, Nigeria	Arowolo, O.A., Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State 220005, Nigeria; Akinkuolie, A.A., Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State 220005, Nigeria; Lawal, O.O., Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State 220005, Nigeria; Alatise, O.I., Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State 220005, Nigeria; Salako, A.A., Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State 220005, Nigeria; Adisa, A.O., Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State 220005, Nigeria	Background: There is a paucity of data on the response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant c in low-resources developing African countries such as Nigeria. We therefore decided to study the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on breast cancer patients in Nigeria in the light of constrained resources. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective descriptive study. Sixty-two patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the last 24 years in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria, constituted the study population. The outcome measures were clinical tumor response, disease-free survival, overall survival, and chemotherapy toxicity profile. Results: Patients ranged in age from 30 to 85 years (mean = 49.1 ± SD 12.7 years) and included one male. After three cycles of chemotherapy, complete clinical response was observed in 4 patients (6.5%), partial clinical response in 28 patients (45.2%), no clinically measurable response in 24 patients (38.7%), and progressive disease in 6 patients (9.7%). Forty-one patients completed six cycles, of which 9 patients (22.0%) had complete clinical response and 12 patients (29.3%) had partial clinical response. Four of 30 patients (13.3%) with tumor size of 6-10 cm had complete clinical response, while no patient with a tumor bigger than 10 cm had complete clinical response. Of the 62 patients, 42 were followed up for more than 1 year. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates of this cohort were 66.7, 42.9, and 11.9%, respectively The median follow-up period was 9 months and the disease-free survival and overall survival rates at median follow-up period were 45 and 37%, respectively. Conclusion: There was a poor overall clinical response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the Black population studied. Late presentation with large tumor mass may be accountable for this. © 2010 Société Internationale de Chirurgie.	None	antineoplastic agent; cyclophosphamide; doxorubicin; fluorouracil; adjuvant chemotherapy; adjuvant therapy; adult; aged; article; breast tumor; female; human; male; middle aged; mortality; Nigeria; pathology; retrospective study; survival rate; teaching hospital; treatment outcome; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Breast Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms, Male; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Cyclophosphamide; Doxorubicin; Female; Fluorouracil; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Nigeria; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873339305	Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Annona muricata (Linn.) leaf against carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen-induced liver damage	Arthur F.K.N., Woode E., Terlabi E.O., Larbie C.	2012	International Journal of Shoulder Surgery	6	2	10.4103/2229-5119.96957	Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Arthur, F.K.N., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Woode, E., Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Terlabi, E.O., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Larbie, C., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Introduction: Liver diseases and jaundice have continued to be a major health problem in the world's population with most conventional drugs not being adequate for treatment. The study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity and antijaundice property of aqueous extract of Annona muricata (Linn.) against carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4) and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rat model. Materials and Methods: Liver damage and hepatic jaundice were induced in experimental animals by administering CCl4 and acetaminophen after pretreatment with aqueous extract of A. muricata. The aqueous extract at 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg was administered for 7 days by oral route. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was given as the standard hepatoprotective drug. Hepatoprotective effect was studied by assaying the activity of serum marker enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, and triglycerides while antijaundice effect was assayed by measuring serum total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin concentration. Results: The activity of all the marker enzymes registered significant increases in CCl4- and acetaminophen-treated rats, decreases in cholesterol and triglyceride concentration, and increases in total and indirect bilirubin, an indication of hepatic jaundice. A. muricata at all doses significantly restored liver function toward normal levels which compared well against silymarin control. Histopathological analysis of liver sections confirmed biochemical investigations. Conclusion: The results indicate that leaves of A. muricata possess hepatoprotective activity and can treat hepatic jaundice.	acetaminophen; Annona muricata; carbon tetrachloride; jaundice	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953888375	Evaluation of concrete margin: Case study of concrete produced in akure, Nigeria	Arum C., Adu O.T.	2011	European Journal of Scientific Research	50	4	None	Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria; Ondo State Ministry of Works and Transport, Akure, Nigeria	Arum, C., Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria; Adu, O.T., Ondo State Ministry of Works and Transport, Akure, Nigeria	This research assessed the quality of concrete produced at various sites in Akure, Nigeria with a view to determining its current margin. For this purpose, Akure metropolis was mapped into seven zones based on the magnitude of the on-going building construction activities. In each of the sites that emerged, standard concrete cubes of 150x150x150mm dimension were cast from supposed 1:2:4 nominal mixes prepared for each of the major structural elements (columns, beams, and slabs). All the concrete cubes were cured, and at the standard maturity age of 28 days, they were crushed for compressive strength. The statistics of the mean strengths and standard deviations, as well as the concrete margin were computed. The results of the investigation revealed the statistical parameters for concrete produced at various sites in Akure metropolis to be: computed characteristic strength - 14N/mm2, standard deviation - 2.5N/mm2, and concrete margin - 4.1N/mm 2 The implication is that the current practice of specifying 21 N/mm2 by concrete designers for concrete with nominal mix ratio 1:2:4 produced from normal sand and granite aggregates is rather ambitious under the current local concrete practice condition. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2011.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879272116	Nutritional evaluation of alkali treated neem kernel cake fed to fattening Uda rams	Aruwayo A., Maigandi S.A., Malami B.S., Daneji A.I., Saulawa L.A., Garba M.G.	2013	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	12	3	None	Department of Animal Science, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina Stat	Aruwayo, A., Department of Animal Science, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria; Maigandi, S.A., Department of Animal Science, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria; Malami, B.S., Department of Animal Science, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria; Daneji, A.I., Department of Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria; Saulawa, L.A., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria; Garba, M.G., Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria	The study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of fattening Uda rams fed Alkali treated neem kernel cake. The experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Usmanu Danfodiyo University. Sixteen Uda rams were randomly allotted to treatment diets A, B, C and D with 0, 8.33, 16.67 and 24.99% levels of inclusion of ATNKC, respectively. The study lasted for 105 days consisting of 84 days feeding trial and 21 days of digestibility trial which comprised of 14 days for adaption and seven days for collection of feaces. The dry matter digestibility for all the nutrients in the control and test diets was comparable. The performance of the sheep in treatment B recorded the best ADG of 166.67g/day and highest dry matter intake in treatment A. It was recommended in the study that alkali treated neem kernel cake can be safely included in feed of sheep up to 24.99% for the rams. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2013.	Alkaline treated neem kernel cake; Azadirone and nimbin; Uda lambs	alkali; animal experiment; animal food; article; Azadirachta indica; biomass; body growth; controlled study; diet supplementation; feces analysis; food safety; male; neem kernel cake; Nigeria; nonhuman; nutrient uptake; nutritional value; ram (sheep); randomization; Azadirachta indica; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-72849129788	How much could rotavirus vaccines reduce diarrhea-associated mortality in northern Ghana? A model to assess impact	Arvay M.L., Curns A.T., Terp S., Armah G., Wontuo P., Parashar U.D., Binka F., Glass R.I., Widdowson M.-A.	2009	Journal of Infectious Diseases	200	None	10.1086/605062	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation, Atlanta, GA, United States; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Navrongo Health Research Center, Navrongo, Ghana	Arvay, M.L., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States; Curns, A.T., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States; Terp, S., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation, Atlanta, GA, United States; Armah, G., Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Wontuo, P., Navrongo Health Research Center, Navrongo, Ghana; Parashar, U.D., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States; Binka, F., School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Glass, R.I., Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Widdowson, M.-A., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Atlanta, GA, United States	Background. Effective rotavirus vaccines could substantially reduce the ∼500,000 deaths due to rotavirus disease per year worldwide, although the impact will depend on vaccine effectiveness, timing of administration, and coverage. We modeled vaccine impact on rotavirus-associated mortality in rural Ghana. Methods. All deaths due to acute diarrhea among children during 1998-2004 in the Kassena-Nankana District of Ghana were identified, and the number of deaths due to rotavirus disease was estimated using hospital laboratory surveillance data. Assuming rotavirus vaccine would be included in the current Expanded Program on Immunization schedule, we estimated the reduction in rotavirus-associated mortality with use of the current coverage and timing of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine administration and various age-restricted schedules. Results. Of the 381 deaths due to diarrhea, 131 (34%) were estimated to be caused by rotavirus infection. On the basis of current diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine coverage and timing, a 90% efficacious 3-dose rotavirus vaccine would prevent 70% of deaths due to rotavirus infection if administered without age restrictions, 53% if only initiated among children <12 weeks of age, and 52% if the course also was completed by 32 weeks of age. Conclusions. Rotavirus vaccine has the potential to substantially reduce rotavirus-associated mortality in rural Ghana. Although timely vaccination should be encouraged, extending the current age recommendation for initiation of rotavirus vaccination could increase the coverage and impact of vaccination. © 2009 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	diphtheria vaccine; pertussis vaccine; Rotavirus vaccine; tetanus toxoid; age distribution; article; controlled study; diarrhea; diphtheria; disease surveillance; drug efficacy; Ghana; mortality; pertussis; priority journal; rural area; statistical model; tetanus; treatment indication; vaccination; virus infection; Diarrhea; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; Ghana; Humans; Infant; Rotavirus Infections; Rotavirus Vaccines; Vaccination	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83455250558	The global financial crisis and African Economies: Impact and transmission channels	Aryeetey E., Ackah C.	2011	African Development Review	23	4	10.1111/j.1467-8268.2011.00295.x	University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Aryeetey, E., University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Ackah, C., Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana	This paper is intended to highlight the general impact of the crisis on African countries in terms of economic performance and then show some variations across countries by discussing how the different transmission channels operated in them, and what their effects have been. The paper has noted that the global financial and economic crisis has affected African economies in a significant way, mostly indirectly through the harm it causes to the real sectors of the economies. In aggregate terms, the impact has been quite strong, as shown by the sharp drop in aggregate output around the region. Even though there are both direct and indirect channels for transmitting the crisis to African economies from the rest of the world, the indirect channels have been more pronounced in their effects largely on account of the structures of these economies. The integration of these economies into the global economy has been largely on account of trade in goods and also the consequence of migration, hence the effects on the real sectors and in remittance flows. There have been significant variations in the impact of the crisis across countries, and this has been influenced largely by the quality of institutions, particularly for regulation, and initial conditions prevailing in the countries. © 2011 The Authors. African Development Review © 2011 African Development Bank.	None	economic integration; economic structure; financial crisis; global economy; remittance; Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35148813105	Of pacts, trickster ethos, and impact: A reading of Ahmadou Kourouma's les Soleils des indpendances	Asaah A.H.	2007	Journal of Black Studies	38	2	10.1177/0021934705285568	University of Ghana, Ghana	Asaah, A.H., University of Ghana, Ghana	The article seeks to use the pact factor to interpret Kourouma's ground-breaking novel, Les Soleils des indpendances. The sinister figure of the predatory trickster is discernible in the profiles of the crafty man of religion and the wily dictator, both using myths of legitimization to enhance the success of their pacts with others. A pattern of deceit can also be observed in various societal compacts. In the author's use of language, storytelling techniques, and rapport with the reader, however, he arrives at a happy mean between conflicting exigencies. © 2007 Sage Publications.	Impact; Kourouma; Pact; Politician; Reader; Trickster	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44149086909	Assessment of sewage application in southeastern Nigeria Part 1: Impact on selected soil morphological and physical properties	Asadu C.L.A., Ucheonye-Oliobi C., Agada C.	2008	Outlook on Agriculture	37	1	None	Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	Asadu, C.L.A., Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Ucheonye-Oliobi, C., Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Agada, C., Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	This work investigated the impact of long-term application of sewage sludge/effluent on morphological and physical properties of a sandy Ultisol (Arenic Kandiustult) in Nsukka, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from the surface (0-20 cm) of a sewage-amended soil and from unamended control fields, after which two representative profile pits were also sited on the sewage-amended plot and two on the control fields. Soil samples were collected at specific intervals from these pits. Morphologically, both soils were deep and well drained, with no concretions or mottles. The colour variation ranged from dark reddish to brownish black for the first layer of the profile pits in the area amended with sewage sludge, to reddish brown and red in others. In unamended soils, the colour ranged from dark reddish brown in the top layer to reddish brown and red in others. Texture was generally sandy loam over sandy clay loam in amended soil, and sandy clay loam in unamended soil. The structure was generally weakly granular in the top layer, but moderately subangular in other subsurface layers. The entire area is on a gentle slope of <5%. Soil organic matter, bulk density, total porosity and aggregate stability were enhanced significantly (p <0.05) in the sewage-amended soil compared with the non-sewage-amended soil. Changes in the saturated hydraulic conductivity, field capacity and micro- and macro-porosities were not significant. The results indicate that application of sewage sludge and effluent has little impact on the morphology of these soils. However, it had a positive impact on the physical properties of the soils. But it should be used with caution because of its known negative effects on heavy metal accumulation in soils when used at high rates and for long periods.	Aggregate stability; Bulk density; Organic matter; Sewage; Soil morphology; Total porosity; Ultisol	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44149104614	Assessment of sewage application in southeastern Nigeria Part 2: Impact on soil chemical properties, trace and heavy metal accumulation in soil and underground water	Asadu C.L.A., Ukadike B., Agada C.	2008	Outlook on Agriculture	37	1	None	Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	Asadu, C.L.A., Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Ukadike, B., Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Agada, C., Department of Soil Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	The impact of sewage sludge and effluent on soil and underground water after about 40 years of application was evaluated in this study, with a particular focus on selected soil chemical properties, some trace element (Zn, Cu) and heavy metal (Pb and Cd) accumulation, mobility in the soil profile and possible contamination of the underground water. The chemical properties of the soil studied included pH, exchangeable cations and acidity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), available P, organic matter and total N. Long-term disposal of sewage sludge and effluents on the soils significantly (P < 0.001) increased the exchangeable bases, exchangeable acidity, available P, soil organic matter, total N and CEC, but significantly lowered the pH of the soils. The fertility status of the sewage-treated soil was thus enhanced. The study also showed that both trace elements and heavy metals were significantly (P <0.05) higher in the sewage-amended soils than in the unamended soils. The accumulation of the trace and heavy metals in the former implies that the agricultural utilization of the sewage sludge and effluent should be done with care. The study showed no obvious adverse impact of the sewage sludge and effluent on underground water quality, but contamination by Pb is possible in the future.	Heavy/trace metals; Sewage impact; Soil exchange properties; Ultisol; Underground water	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867769686	Effect of crayfish waste meal on performance characteristics and nutrient retention of broiler finishers	Asafa A.R., Ologhobo A.D., Adejumo I.O.	2012	International Journal of Poultry Science	11	8	None	Department of Animal Production Technology, Lagos State Polytechnic, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria	Asafa, A.R., Department of Animal Production Technology, Lagos State Polytechnic, Lagos, Nigeria; Ologhobo, A.D., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adejumo, I.O., Department of Animal Science, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Nigeria	The study investigated the effect of crayfish waste meal on the performance characteristics and nutrient retention in broiler finisher. 150 one day old chicks were used for the study which lasted for 9 weeks. The result of the study showed that the average dry matter intake ranged from 1918.96 g in broiler chicken fed diet IV (25%FM:75%CWM) to 2141.60g in diet V (100% CWM) chickens. There was no significant differences (p>0.05) between treatment means. Birds fed the control diet (100%FM) recorded the highest gain (787.30 g) followed by those fed diet III (50%FM; 50%CWM) while the least gain (679.00 g) was by diet V (100%CWM) chickens. No significant (p>0.05) difference was observed between the treatment means. The feed conversion ratio was best (2.48) with chickens fed the control diet (100%FM) and progressively decreased with diet V (100%CWM) chickens recording the least (3.19). There was, however, no significant (p>0.05) difference between treatment means. Protein efficiency ratio followed similar trend with the feed conversion ratio. Diet I (100%FM) chickens had the highest value (2.09) followed by diet II (25%FM; 75%CWM) while those fed diet V (100%CWM) was the least (1.64). © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	Broiler; Crayfish waste; Finishers; Meal; Nutrient; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940947761	The impact of motivations, personal values and management skills on the performance of SMEs in South Africa	Asah F., Fatoki O.O., Rungani E.	2015	African Journal of Economic and Management Studies	6	3	10.1108/AJEMS-01-2013-0009	Department of Business Management, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; Department of Business Management, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, South Africa	Asah, F., Department of Business Management, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; Fatoki, O.O., Department of Business Management, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, South Africa; Rungani, E., Department of Business Management, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the impact of motivation, personal values and managerial skills of managers on the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected through the use of self-administered questionnaire in a survey. Data analysis included factor analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and regression analysis. Findings – The findings revealed significant positive relationships between motivations, personal values and managerial skills of SME owners on performance. Research limitations/implications – Access to external finance (debt or equity) is one of the factors that can impact on the performance of growing SMEs. The non-accessibility of debt finance from commercial banks and trade creditors is seen as one of the major contributing factors to the failure of SMEs in South Africa. This study did not link access to finance to performance. Practical implications – The failure rate of SMEs is very high in South Africa. The study suggests that SME owners should incorporate values and improve management skills. In addition, SMEs that are motivated by opportunity have a better chance of survival. Social implications – To reduce unemployment and poverty in South Africa. Originality/value – This study adds to the understanding of the relationship between of personal values, motivations and management skills of managers and the performance of SMEs from a developing country perspective. © 2015, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Managerial skills; Motivations; Personal values; SMEs performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898719323	Evaluation of the efficacy of DDT indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticidal nets against insecticide resistant populations of Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae) from Ethiopia using experimental huts	Asale A., Getachew Y., Hailesilassie W., Speybroeck N., Duchateau L., Yewhalaw D.	2014	Parasites and Vectors	7	1	10.1186/1756-3305-7-131	Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Horticulture and Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium	Asale, A., Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia, Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Getachew, Y., Department of Horticulture and Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Hailesilassie, W., Department of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Speybroeck, N., Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Duchateau, L., Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Yewhalaw, D., Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia	Background: Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Long-Lasting Insecticidal nets (LLINs) are major malaria vector control tools in Ethiopia. However, recent reports from different parts of the country showed that populations of Anopheles arabiensis, the principal malaria vector, have developed resistance to most families of insecticides recommended for public health use which may compromise the efficacy of both of these key vector control interventions. Thus, this study evaluated the efficacy of DDT IRS and LLINs against resistant populations of An. arabiensis using experimental huts in Asendabo area, southwestern Ethiopia. Methods. The susceptibility status of populations of An. arabiensis was assessed using WHO test kits to DDT, deltamethrin, malathion, lambda-cyhalothrin, fenitrothion and bendiocarb. The efficacy of LLIN (PermaNet® 2.0), was evaluated using the WHO cone bioassay. Moreover, the effect of the observed resistance against malaria vector control interventions (DDT IRS and LLINs) were assessed using experimental huts. Results: The findings of this study revealed that populations of An. arabiensis were resistant to DDT, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and malathion with mortality rates of 1.3%, 18.8%, 36.3% and 72.5%, respectively but susceptible to fenitrothion and bendiocarb with mortality rates of 98.81% and 97.5%, respectively. The bio-efficacy test of LLIN (PermaNet® 2.0) against An. arabiensis revealed that the mosquito population showed moderate knockdown (64%) and mortality (78%). Moreover, mosquito mortalities in DDT sprayed huts and in huts with LLINs were not significantly different (p > 0.05) from their respective controls. Conclusion: The evaluation of the efficacy of DDT IRS and LLINs using experimental huts showed that both vector control tools had only low to moderate efficacy against An. arabiensis populations from Ethiopia. Despite DDT being replaced by carbamates for IRS, the low efficacy of LLINs against the resistant population of An. arabiensis is still a problem. Thus, there is a need for alternative vector control tools and implementation of appropriate insecticide resistance management strategies as part of integrated vector management by the national malaria control program. © 2014 Asale et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	An. arabiensis; Ethiopia; Experimental huts; Insecticide resistance; Long-lasting insecticide treated nets	bendiocarb; carbamic acid derivative; chlorphenotane; cyhalothrin; deltamethrin; fenitrothion; insecticide; malathion; chlorphenotane; animal experiment; Anopheles arabiensis; article; bed net; bioassay; controlled study; Diptera; Ethiopia; female; health program; indoor residual spraying; insecticide resistance; malaria; malaria control; mortality; mosquito; nonhuman; population; vector control; animal; Anopheles; drug effects; housing; human; insecticide resistance; procedures; Animals; Anopheles; Biological Assay; DDT; Ethiopia; Housing; Humans; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticide-Treated Bednets; Mosquito Control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84951120950	The influence of workload levels on performance in a rural hospital	Asamani J.A., Amertil N.P., Chebere M.	2015	British Journal of Health Care Management	21	12	10.12968/bjhc.2015.21.12.577	Human Resource Planning and Monitoring, Human Resources Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana; Department of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Valley View University, Oyibi, Accra, Ghana	Asamani, J.A., Human Resource Planning and Monitoring, Human Resources Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana; Amertil, N.P., Department of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Valley View University, Oyibi, Accra, Ghana; Chebere, M., Human Resource Planning and Monitoring, Human Resources Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana	The importance of workload on staff performance has been widely acknowledged, but opinions are divided as to what level of workload is desirable for optimum staff performance. Previously, researchers have attempted to demonstrate the impact of workload on the individual staff, organisation and the consumer. However, gaps and uncertainties in the literature also confirm the need for further investigation of the perceived workload levels of staff, the factors influencing workload levels and the contextual relationship between workload and staff performance. A quantitative descriptive survey was undertaken to elicit the perceived workload levels of health workers in the Donkorkrom Presbyterian Hospital, Ghana, and how it is perceived to impact on staff performance. One hundred clinical and non-clinical staff were selected for the study. The study found that workload level of health workers was perceived as moderate (2.91 ± 0.541 on a five-point Likert scale). However, nurses/midwives were perceived to have the highest workload, followed by paramedics, support staff and doctors. Work interruptions, procedures and processes involved in treating patients, as well as facing work-related uncertainties, were identified as determinants of perceived workload among health workers. Results show that 75% of health workers perceived moderate workload assignment would increase their performance. It is recommended that health institutions review and improve organisational procedures and processes to ensure smooth workflow and eliminate or minimise work interruptions that unnecessarily compound workload and undermines performance. © MA Healthcare Limited 2014.	Employee performance; Health workers; Rural hospital; Workload	Ghana; hospital; human; human experiment; Likert scale; midwife; nurse; Presbyterian; quantitative study; staff; uncertainty; workflow; workload	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39549086993	Innovation in the economic performance of a power station through monetised carbon dioxide credits	Asamoah J.	2007	Journal of Energy in Southern Africa	18	4	None	EnerWise Africa, Accra, Ghana	Asamoah, J., EnerWise Africa, Accra, Ghana	It is proposed to generate part of the future base load power requirements of South Africa using natural gas as a substitute for coal By this substitution, combined-cycle gas turbine power stations will be built instead of pulverised fuel coal-fired power stations to generate base load power. This substitution will lead to abatement in the emission of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. In this paper, an innovative mode of amortizing capex is applied to reduce the payback time of a bank loan through the combined use of proceeds from the sale of electricity and monetised carbon dioxide credits. This innovation stems from the reduction in emission of carbon dioxide due to the proposal to generate part of the future base load power requirements using natural gas as a substitute for coal. The carbon credits emanate from undertaking projects resulting in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions under the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol. This is possible because South Africa is regarded as a developing country. This additional revenue results in reducing the loan payments by 2.1 years, saving 19% in interest payments. Furthermore, this innovation would allow scarce finance available for project funding to be extended to other projects to the advantage of national economic development.	Carbon dioxide credits; Combined-cycle gas turbine power stations; Te-Con's techno-economic simulator model	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899784472	Evaluation of customised lineage-specific sets of MIRU-VNTR loci for genotyping Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates in Ghana	Asante-Poku A., Nyaho M.S., Borrell S., Comas I., Gagneux S., Yeboah-Manu D.	2014	PLoS ONE	9	3	10.1371/journal.pone.0092675	Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Biochemistry Department, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Genomics and Health Unit, Centre for Public Health Research, Valencia, Spain; CIBER (Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red) in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain	Asante-Poku, A., Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana, Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Nyaho, M.S., Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana, Biochemistry Department, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Borrell, S., Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Comas, I., Genomics and Health Unit, Centre for Public Health Research, Valencia, Spain, CIBER (Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red) in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain; Gagneux, S., Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Yeboah-Manu, D., Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Background: Different combinations of variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci have been proposed for genotyping Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Existing VNTR schemes show different discriminatory capacity among the six human MTBC lineages. Here, we evaluated the discriminatory power of a "customized MIRU12" loci format proposed previously by Comas et al. based on the standard 24 loci defined by Supply et al. for VNTR-typing of MTBC in Ghana. Method: One hundred and fifty-eight MTBC isolates classified into Lineage 4 and Lineage 5 were used to compare a customized lineage-specific panel of 12 MIRU-VNTR loci ("customized MIRU-12") to the standard MIRU-15 genotyping scheme. The resolution power of each typing method was determined based on the Hunter-Gaston- Discriminatory Index (HGDI). A minimal set of customized MIRU-VNTR loci for typing Lineages 4 (Euro-American) and 5 (M. africanum West African 1) strains from Ghana was defined based on the cumulative HGDI. Results and Conclusion: Among the 106 Lineage 4 strains, the customized MIRU-12 identified a total of 104 distinct genotypes consisting of 2 clusters of 2 isolates each (clustering rate 1.8%), and 102 unique strains while standard MIRU-15 yielded a total of 105 different genotypes, including 1 cluster of 2 isolates (clustering rate: 0.9%) and 104 singletons. Among, 52 Lineage 5 isolates, customized MIRU-12 genotyping defined 51 patterns with 1 cluster of 2 isolates (clustering rate: 0.9%) and 50 unique strains whereas MIRU-15 classified all 52 strains as unique. Cumulative HGDI values for customized MIRU-12 for Lineages 4 and 5 were 0.98 respectively whilst that of standard MIRU-15 was 0.99. A union of loci from the customised MIRU-12 and standard MIRU-15 revealed a set of customized eight highly discriminatory loci: 4052, 2163B, 40, 4165, 2165, 10,16 and 26 with a cumulative HGDI of 0.99 for genotyping Lineage 4 and 5 strains from Ghana. © 2014 Asante-Poku et al.	None	article; bacterial strain; bacterium isolation; controlled study; gene cluster; gene locus; genotype; Ghana; Hunter Gaston Discriminatory Index; Mycobacterium africanum; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; named inventories, questionnaires and rating scales; nonhuman; single nucleotide polymorphism; variable number of tandem repeat; clinical trial; epidemiology; genetics; genotype; human; isolation and purification; male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; tuberculosis; Genotype; Ghana; Humans; Male; Minisatellite Repeats; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938281717	Evaluation of GenoTypeW MTBDRplus for the rapid detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Ghana	Asante-Poku A., Otchere I.D., Danso E., Mensah D.D., Bonsu F., Gagneux S., Yeboah-Manu D.	2015	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	19	8	10.5588/ijtld.14.0864	Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P O Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana; Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana, Ghana	Asante-Poku, A., Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P O Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana, Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Otchere, I.D., Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P O Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana; Danso, E., Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P O Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana; Mensah, D.D., Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P O Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana; Bonsu, F., National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana, Ghana; Gagneux, S., Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Yeboah-Manu, D., Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P O Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana	BACKGROUND: Rapid but simple diagnostic tools for the detection of drug-resistant (DR) tuberculosis (TB) have been acknowledged as being important for its effective management and control. OBJECTIVE : To establish a molecular line-probe assay (GenoTypew MTBDRplus) for detecting DR-TB in Ghana. METHOD: We first screened 113 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates using the indirect proportion method and MTBDRplus. The rpoB and katG genes and the promoter regions of oxyR-ahpC and inhA were sequenced to identify mutations in isolates found to be resistant on phenotypic drug susceptibility testing and/or MTBDRplus. We then analysed an additional 412 isolates using only MTBDRplus. RESULT S : Respectively 43 (8.2%) and 8 (1.5%) isolates were resistant to isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP), while 8 (1.5%) were multidrug-resistant. In resistant isolates, mutations in codon 450 of rpoB and codon 315 of katG, conferring resistance to respectively RMP and INH, dominated. We found two RMP-resistant isolates with a S450L substitution, each harbouring an additional mutation at S388L and Q409R. Using phenotypic testing as gold standard, the MTBDRplus assay showed a sensitivity and specificity in the detection of RMP and INH resistance and multidrug resistance of respectively 100% and 100%, 83.3% and 100%, and 100% and 100%. CONCLUS ION: The high sensitivity of MTBDRplus makes it a valuable addition to the conventional TB diagnostic algorithm in Ghana. © 2015 The Union.	Drug resistance; Line-probe assay; Mutations	isoniazid; rifampicin; ahpC gene; amino acid substitution; antibiotic resistance; Article; bacterial gene; bacterium detection; bacterium isolate; bacterium isolation; codon; cross-sectional study; drug resistant tuberculosis; drug sensitivity; gene amplification; gene expression profiling; Ghana; human; indirect proportion method; inh A; katG gene; MTBDRplus; mutational analysis; oxyR gene; phenotype; polymerase chain reaction; priority journal; promoter region; rpoB gene; single nucleotide polymorphism	097134/Z/11, National Science Foundation; PP00P3-150750, NSF, National Science Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-79251521079	Evaluation of phytochemicals and antioxidants of four botanicals with antihypertensive properties	Asaolu M.F., Asaolu S.S., Adanlawo I.G.	2010	International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences	1	2	None	Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Asaolu, M.F., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Asaolu, S.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Adanlawo, I.G., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Evaluation of phytochemicals and antioxidants levels were conducted in the dry leaves of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, Carica papaya, Persea americana and Cnidosculous aconitifolius. Methanolic extract was found to contain the highest value for sterols, tannin, saponin, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, phlobatannins, anthraquinones, triterpenes and cardiac glycosides. However, oxalate and phytate were absent in both aqueous and methanolic extracts. The results also showed that leave extracts of these plants are good sources of antioxidants as revealed by the presence of these antioxidants in these plant but with highest values in the methanolic extract. Conclusively, the presence of some of these phytochemicals and antioxidants explained the hypotensive action of these plants in cardiovascular diseases.	Antioxidants; Aqueous; Extracts; Methanolic; Phytochemicals	alkaloid; alpha tocopherol; anthraquinone derivative; antihypertensive agent; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; cardiac glycoside; Carica papaya extract; carotene; catalase; Cnidoscolous aconitifolius extract; flavonoid; glutathione peroxidase; methanol; oxalic acid; Persea americana extract; phenol derivative; phlobatannin; phytate; phytosterol; plant extract; saponin; sterol; tannin; tannin derivative; triterpene; unclassified drug; Vernonia amygdalina extract; antihypertensive activity; antioxidant activity; article; avocado; biocatalysis; cardiovascular disease; Cnidoscolous aconitifolius; concentration (parameters); controlled study; drug determination; drug screening; enzyme activity; oxidative stress; papaya; phytochemistry; plant leaf; shrub; Vernonia; vernonia amygdalina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952023737	Evaluation of elements in the pathogenesis of hypertension in Nigerians	Asaolu M.F., Asaolu S.S., Fakunle J.B., Emman-Okon B.O., Afolabi A.O., Ajayi E.O., Togun R.A.	2010	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research	4	2	None	Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department o	Asaolu, M.F., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Asaolu, S.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Fakunle, J.B., Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Emman-Okon, B.O., Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Afolabi, A.O., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, PMB 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Ajayi, E.O., Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Togun, R.A., Department of Heamatology and Immunology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria	Serum micro and macro elements play a significant role in the regulation of blood pressure. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of these elements in hypertension. The study involved 90 newly diagnosed hypertensive patients and 30 healthy subjects who served as controls. Determinations of elements K, Na, Fe, Mg, Mn, Cu, Pb, Co, Cr, Ca, Al, Cd, and Ar were performed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Our results show higher values of Na, Fe, the toxic elements such as Pb, Co, Al, Ar, Cd, and Cr and lower levels of K, Mg, Mn, Cu, and Ca for hypertensive patients in comparison with normal healthy controls. Although, it seemed very unlikely that mineral deficiencies per se could be the cause of hypertension, their contribution is suspected.	Blood pressure; Deficiencies; Hypertension; Macro elements; Micro elements	aluminum; arsenic; cadmium; calcium; chromium; cobalt; copper; iron; lead; magnesium; manganese; potassium; sodium; trace element; article; atomic absorption spectrometry; controlled study; human; hypertension; major clinical study; mineral blood level; mineral deficiency; Nigeria; pathogenesis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79251520952	Evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of Persea americana and Cnidosculus aconitifolius	Asaolu M.F., Asaolu S.S., Fakunle J.B., Emman-Okon B.O., Ajayi E.O., Togun R.A.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	9	11	10.3923/pjn.2010.1074.1077	Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Nigeria; Depar	Asaolu, M.F., Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria; Asaolu, S.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Fakunle, J.B., Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Nigeria; Emman-Okon, B.O., Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Nigeria; Ajayi, E.O., Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Nigeria; Togun, R.A., Department of Heamatology and Immunology, Obafemi Awolowo University, lle-lfe, Nigeria	The present study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidant activities of Persea americana and Cnidosculous aconitifolius. The in-vitro antioxidant activity of the methanol extracts of the leaves of Persea americana and Cnidosculous aconitifolius was evaluated using various experimental methods such as 1,1- diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide and reducing power radical- scavenging activity assay. Phytochemical screening as well as the amounts of total phenol and flavonoids were also determined. The present study revealed that both the methanol extracts of the leaves of Persea americana and Cni dosculous aconitifolius possess significant antioxidant activities. However, Persea americana was found to have higher radical scavenging activity than Cnidosculous aconitifolius but the phenol content of Cnidosculous aconitifolius was higher than that of Persea americana whereas Persea americana was observed to possess more flavonoids than Cnidosculous aconitifolius. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Antioxidant activities; Methanol extracts; Phytochemical screening; Radical-scavenging activity	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; alkaloid; anthraquinone derivative; antioxidant; ascorbic acid; cardenolide derivative; Cnidosculous aconitifolius extract; flavonoid; glycoside; nitric oxide; Persea americana extract; phenol; phlobatannin derivative; plant extract; quercetin; saponin derivative; steroid; tannin derivative; triterpene derivative; unclassified drug; antioxidant activity; article; avocado; Cnidosculous aconitifolius; controlled study; drug isolation; drug screening; enzyme inhibition; in vitro study; medicinal plant; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; scavenging system; Cnidosculus; Persea americana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880274712	Evaluation of serum metallothionein-1, selenium, zinc, and copper in Ghanaian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients	Asare G.A., Osae S., Nortey E.N.N., Yambire F.K., Amedonu E., Doku D., Annan Y.	2013	International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries	33	2	10.1007/s13410-013-0111-9	Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Chemical Pathology Unit, University of Ghana School of Allied Health Sciences (SAHS), Korle Bu, Ghana; Department of Chemistry, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC), Accra, Ghana; Department of Statistics, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box KB 143, Korle-bu, Accra, Ghana	Asare, G.A., Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Chemical Pathology Unit, University of Ghana School of Allied Health Sciences (SAHS), Korle Bu, Ghana, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box KB 143, Korle-bu, Accra, Ghana; Osae, S., Department of Chemistry, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC), Accra, Ghana; Nortey, E.N.N., Department of Statistics, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; Yambire, F.K., Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Chemical Pathology Unit, University of Ghana School of Allied Health Sciences (SAHS), Korle Bu, Ghana; Amedonu, E., Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Chemical Pathology Unit, University of Ghana School of Allied Health Sciences (SAHS), Korle Bu, Ghana; Doku, D., Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Chemical Pathology Unit, University of Ghana School of Allied Health Sciences (SAHS), Korle Bu, Ghana; Annan, Y., Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Chemical Pathology Unit, University of Ghana School of Allied Health Sciences (SAHS), Korle Bu, Ghana	Metabolic disturbances of trace elements may be implicated in the complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the study was to determine the level of Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), Copper (Cu) and the metal binding protein Metallothionein-1 (MT-1) in T2DM. Fifty-five (55) T2DM subjects and 30 Controls (C) were studied for, Se, Zn, Cu and MT-1. Zn, Se and Cu were analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Mean FBG in the T2DM and C groups were 183 ± 5 mg/dl and 88 ± 5 mg/dl, respectively. Mean Se, Zn and Cu levels in the T2DM group were 204 ± 91 μg/l, 407 ± 117 μg/l and 1,337 ± 527 μg/l, respectively. The control group had Se, Zn and Cu levels of 123 ± 25 μg/l, 750 ± 190 μg/l and 989 ± 197 μg/l, respectively. While Zn levels in T2DM were half that of the C, Se levels were ≈ 2-fold. Se, Zn and Cu differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P = 0.000; P = 0.000, P = 0.000, respectively). The metabolic derailment of MT-1 in the T2DM group showed a wide variation with the T2DM having significantly lower MT-1 values (P = 0.000). A negative correlation was seen between Cu and Zn in the T2DM group (P = 0.022). A standardized canonical discriminant function was obtained as D = 0.823FBG-0.149MT-0.457Zn + 0.172Cu + 0.362Se with contributions of FBG > Zn > Se > Cu > MT-1. In conclusion, alterations in the levels of Zn, Se and Cu were observed in Ghanaian T2DM patients. © 2013 Research Society for Study of Diabetes in India.	Diabetes; Ghanaian; Oxidative stress; Trace elements	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868307948	Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some novel substituted 2-chloroacetanalides	Aschale M.	2012	International Journal of ChemTech Research	4	4	None	Head of Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Computation Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia	Aschale, M., Head of Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Computation Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia	The title compounds were prepared by the reaction of substituted primary amines with chloroacetylchloride in benzene. Structures of all these compounds have been elucidated by their elemental analysis, spectral studies and molecular weights. All the products were assayed for their antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Xanthomonas holcicola bacteria and Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum fungi and results were compared with that of reference drugs.	Antibacterial; Antifungal; Substituted chloroacetinilides	2 chloroacetanilide; 2 iodo 2 chloroacetanilide; 3 bromo 2 chloroacetanilide; 3 chloro 2 chloroacetanilide; 4 bromo 2 chloroacetanilide; 4 dimethylamino 2 chloroacetanilide; acetanilide derivative; amine; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; benzene; carbendazim; chloramphenicol; chloride; unclassified drug; 2 chloroacetanilide; 3 bromo 2 chloroacetanilide; 3 chloro 2 chloroacetanilide; 4 bromo 2 chloroacetanilide; 4 dimethylamino 2 chloroacetanilide; acetanilide derivative; antibiotic agent; antifungal agent; carbendazim; chloramphenicol; iodo 2 chloroacetanilide; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; article; Aspergillus niger; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; controlled study; drug synthesis; Fusarium oxysporum; infrared spectroscopy; molecular weight; nonhuman; physical chemistry; proton nuclear magnetic resonance; Staphylococcus aureus; substitution reaction; ultraviolet spectroscopy; Xanthomonas; Xanthomonas holcicola; drug structure; drug synthesis; Xanthomonas holicicola	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745323188	Development of greenhouse inoculation procedures for evaluation of partial resistance to Cercospora zeae-maydis in Maize inbreds	Asea G., Lipps P.E., Pratt R.C., Gordon S.G., Adipala E.	2005	Journal of Phytopathology	153	12-Nov	10.1111/j.1439-0434.2005.01032.x	Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH, United States; Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691, United States; Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691, United States; Department of Crop Science, Makerere University, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	Asea, G., Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH, United States, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691, United States; Lipps, P.E., Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH, United States, Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691, United States; Pratt, R.C., Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH, United States, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691, United States; Gordon, S.G., Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH, United States, Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691, United States; Adipala, E., Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, OARDC, Wooster, OH, United States, Department of Crop Science, Makerere University, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effects of inoculation methods on incubation period, lesion length, percentage leaf area affected and sporulation of Cercospora zeae-maydis on young maize (Zea mays L.) plants inoculated at V3 growth stage. Seedling plants were inoculated by four methods: (i) application of conidial suspension while puncturing the leaves within the whorl several times, (ii) spraying conidial suspension on leaves, (iii) placing colonized agar into lateral slits in leaves and (iv) placing colonized agar into whorls. Analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of genotype and inoculation method on several components of resistance and overall disease severity. Application of conidial suspension while puncturing the whorl was found to be the least laborious method, and it produced characteristic symptoms of gray leaf spot. Consistent trends were observed in classification of inbreds to resistant, susceptible and intermediate classes. Increasing the duration of exposure to high humidity by placing plastic bags over plants for 5 days significantly increased disease severity (P ≤ 0.001). Cercospora zeae-maydis produced conidia in all the lesions examined. Spore production was generally most abundant in lesions on susceptible inbreds that displayed necrotic lesion types (LT) and least abundant in lesions on resistant inbreds that were characterized by chlorotic and fleck LTs. The results demonstrated that inoculations in the greenhouse can provide an indication of inbred responses to C. zeae-maydis and may be useful in evaluating resistance and in studies of host-pathogen interactions. © 2005 Blackwell Verlag.	Gray leaf spot; Host resistance; Inoculation methods	disease resistance; disease severity; genotype; greenhouse effect; host-pathogen interaction; incubation; inoculation; leaf area; lesion; maize; seedling emergence; variance analysis; Bacteria (microorganisms); Cercospora zeae-maydis; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954135417	What impact are EU supermarket standards having on developing countries' export of high-value horticultural products? Evidence from Kenya	Asfaw S., Mithöfer D., Waibel H.	2010	Journal of International Food and Agribusiness Marketing	22	3	10.1080/08974431003641398	International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), PO Box 39063-00623, Nairobi, Kenya; World Agro-Forestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya; Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany	Asfaw, S., International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), PO Box 39063-00623, Nairobi, Kenya; Mithöfer, D., World Agro-Forestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya; Waibel, H., Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany	European Union retailers are setting global benchmarks for the production of fresh food and are asking their suppliers for produce to be certified according to food safety and quality standards. Compliance with these standards for developing countries' small-scale producers entails costly investment in variable inputs and longterm structures. Limited empirical evidence exists either to refute or confirm the concern that the proliferation and enhanced stringency of these standards marginalize smallholders from the global market. This paper therefore explores the costs of compliance, factors explaining the smallholder decision to adopt EU private quality standards, and the impacts of the standards on farm financial performance. We develop a 2-stage standard treatment effect model to account for self-selection as a source of endogeneity. Analysis is based on a random cross section sample of 439 small-scale export vegetable producers in Kenya whose production was monitored in 2005-2006. We demonstrate that adopters and nonadopters are distinguishable by their asset holding and household wealth, access to services, labor endowment, and level of education. Once we control for the endogeneity problem, we find that small-scale producers can benefit substantially from adopting the standards at the farm level. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Adoption; EurepGAP standards; Export vegetables; Impact assessment; Kenya	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951173640	Causes and impacts of seasonal migration on rural livelihoods: Case studies from Amhara Region in Ethiopia	Asfaw W., Tolossa D., Zeleke G.	2010	Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift	64	1	10.1080/00291950903557696	Via Malpensada 90, San Bartolomeo, IT-38100 Trento, Italy; College of Development Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 150229, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Global Mountain Program, ILRI Campus, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Asfaw, W., Via Malpensada 90, San Bartolomeo, IT-38100 Trento, Italy; Tolossa, D., College of Development Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 150229, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Zeleke, G., Global Mountain Program, ILRI Campus, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The article examines the characteristics, motivation factors and impacts of seasonal migration in Ethiopia. The study was underpinned by the Sustainable Livelihood Framework. Both urban and rural areas as places of destination and rural villages as origins of migrants have been considered. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and household case studies. Shortage of farmland, debt, lack of viable non-farm activities locally, and the desire to earn additional income are the major reasons for seasonal migration of labour. Social networks and information flows are also important factors in migration. The research found that single men are predominantly involved in migration while the participation of women is negligible. The earnings obtained have allowed rural households to supplement their income from agriculture and indirectly contributed to overcoming the problem of farmland scarcity. The timing of movement which coincides with the agricultural slack season at home makes the impacts of seasonal out-migration on agriculture minimal. Rather than viewing it as a livelihood option of the rural poor which contributes to reducing poverty and improving the livelihoods of the poor, migration is still perceived negatively, and there has been little awareness of its significance. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.	Destination; Origin; Rural livelihoods; Seasonal migration	household income; labor migration; population migration; poverty alleviation; questionnaire survey; rural population; seasonality; social network; socioeconomic impact; village; Amhara; Ethiopia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953535639	Toxicological evaluation of aqueous leaf and berry extracts of Phytolacca dioica L. in male Wistar rats	Ashafa A.O.T., Sunmonu T.O., Afolayan A.J.	2010	Food and Chemical Toxicology	48	7	10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.029	Centre for Phytomedicine Research, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa	Ashafa, A.O.T., Centre for Phytomedicine Research, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Sunmonu, T.O., Centre for Phytomedicine Research, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Afolayan, A.J., Centre for Phytomedicine Research, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa	Despite the widespread use of Phytolacca dioica L. in folklore medicine of South Africa, there is dearth of information on its safety/toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicological effect of aqueous leaf and berry extracts of the plant at different dosages for 14. days on the liver and kidney function indices in male Wistar rats. Phytochemical screening indicated that the extracts are rich in phytonutrients including alkaloid, tannin, saponins, phenolics, lectins and flavonoids; while triterpenoids and phlobatanins were absent. The extracts significantly reduced the body and absolute organ weights of the animals at all the dosages investigated. Whereas, significant increase was observed in the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), bilirubin, calcium, creatinine, urea and uric acid; the serum concentration of total protein, albumin and globulin were reduced in the serum following treatment with the extracts. Generally, the effect of the herb appeared to be dosage dependent. This investigation clearly showed that P. dioica can impair normal hepatic and renal functions. This is an indication that the extracts may not be completely safe in male rats when continuously administered for 14. days. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Body weight; Function indices; Haematological parameters; Marker enzymes; Phytolacca dioica	alanine aminotransferase; albumin; alkaline phosphatase; alkaloid; aspartate aminotransferase; bilirubin; calcium; creatinine; flavonoid; globulin; herbaceous agent; phenol derivative; Phytolacca dioica extract; plant lectin; saponin; tannin; triterpenoid; unclassified drug; urea; uric acid; alanine aminotransferase blood level; albumin blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; berry; calcium blood level; controlled study; creatinine blood level; dose response; drug safety; hyperbilirubinemia; liver toxicity; male; nephrotoxicity; nonhuman; phytochemistry; Phytolacca dioica; Phytolaccaceae; plant leaf; rat; toxicity testing; urea blood level; uric acid blood level; weight reduction; Animals; Fruit; Kidney Function Tests; Liver Function Tests; Male; Phytolacca; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Animalia; Phytolacca dioica; Rattus; Rattus norvegicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942195174	Toxicopathological Evaluation of Hydroethanol Extract of Dianthus basuticus in Wistar Rats	Ashafa A.O.T., Kazeem M.I.	2015	Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine	2015	None	10.1155/2015/348519	Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa	Ashafa, A.O.T., Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa; Kazeem, M.I., Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa	Background. Dianthus basuticus is a commonly used medicinal plant in Basotho traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes, but there is no report on its safety or toxicity. Therefore, we evaluated the toxicity profile of the hydroethanol whole plant extract of Dianthus basuticus in Wistar rats. Methods. Acute toxicity test was performed with single oral administration of 100-3200 mg/kg body weight of D. basuticus extract to rats and the animals were observed for 14 days for signs of toxicity. The subacute toxicity experiment was conducted by oral administration of graded doses (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) of D. basuticus extract daily for 28 days. Behavioural changes as well as haematological, biochemical, and histological parameters were then evaluated. Results. There was no observable sign of toxicity in the acute toxicity test. There were significant decreases (P < 0.05) in the feed and water intake as well as total cholesterol and triglycerides of the D. basuticus extract-treated rats in subacute toxicity study. There were no treatment related differences in the haematological, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations. Conclusions. Administration of hydroethanol extract of D. basuticus may be safe at the dosages tested in this study but its continuous usage can cause anorexia. © 2015 Anofi Omotayo Tom Ashafa and Mutiu Idowu Kazeem.	None	alanine aminotransferase; albumin; alcohol; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; bilirubin; calcium; chloride; creatinine; Dianthus basuticus extract; electrolyte; gamma glutamyltransferase; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; plant extract; potassium; protein; sodium; triacylglycerol; unclassified drug; urea; uric acid; acute toxicity; animal cell; animal experiment; Article; behavior change; cholesterol blood level; controlled study; Dianthus; Dianthus basuticus; drug safety; eosinophil; female; hematological parameters; lymphocyte; male; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume; monocyte; neutrophil; nonhuman; practice guideline; priority journal; rat; toxicity testing; triacylglycerol blood level	NRF, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904244528	Development and performance evaluation of a motorized fish smoking kiln	Ashaolu Michael O.	2014	Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development	5	3	10.4172/2155-9546.1000225	Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering Department, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu Lagos, Nigeria	Ashaolu Michael, O., Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering Department, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu Lagos, Nigeria	Fish smoking is a major activity in the fish industry. In most riverside areas in Nigeria, where fish business is very prominent smoking operations are mostly carried out manually and under unhygienic conditions. The concept of the smoking kiln development is to ease the drudgery associated with traditional methods (drum smoking) in the riverside communities. In this study, a motorized fish smoking kiln was designed, fabricated with locally available materials. The smoking process is based on natural convection of heated air with temperature ranging between 60°C and 110°C. The fish smoking kiln has an overall dimension of1600×1220×70 mm and uses charcoal as the main source of energy. The average capacity of the smoking chamber is 120 kg. The performance test was conducted to ascertain its performance. The result showed that moisture content was reduced from 80% to 30% with an average smoking time of 60 mins. The study concluded that fishes smoked by the kiln have a longer shelf life during storage when compared with traditional (drum) method, due to hot smoking temperature which reduces moisture faster. The overall average percentage weight loss obtained for three species tested are as follows: Etholmosa Fimbriata (sawa)-36%, Scombridae mackerel (37%) and Clarias gariepinus (cat fish) -45%. © 2014 Ashaolu Michael O.	Charcoal; Fish; Motorized; Shelf-life; Smoking kiln; Temperature	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883422127	Ethnobotanical survey of plants used in the management of fertility and preliminary phytochemical evaluation of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench	Ashidi J.S., Olaosho E.A., Ayodele A.E.	2013	Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy	5	9	10.5897/JPP2013.0282	Department of Plant Science and Applied Zoology, OlabisiOnabanjo University Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ashidi, J.S., Department of Plant Science and Applied Zoology, OlabisiOnabanjo University Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria; Olaosho, E.A., Department of Plant Science and Applied Zoology, OlabisiOnabanjo University Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ayodele, A.E., Department of Botany, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The rise and fall in fertility level remain a serious concern in economic planning nations. In spite of concerted efforts of governmental and non-governmental organization to control birth through campaign and provision of safe sex devices, yet not much success has been recorded. There is dearth of information on plants traditionally used for fertility regulation in literature. In this study an ethnobotanical survey of plants used in the management of fertility was conducted across Ago-Iwoye and Oru areas of Ijebu-North Local Government, Ogun State, Nigeria. From the survey, 30 plant species which belong to 20 families were found to be used frequently by the indigenes of the areas. Most of the plants encountered (16.7%) belonged to the family Euphorbiaceae. Phytochemical evaluation of the leaves of Abelmoschus esculentus, the most prominent in the recipes indicated the presence of cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins and tannins in high concentrations while alkaloids, anthraquinones and cardenolides were absent. Moreover, the roots of A. esculentus showed high concentration of flavonoid compounds such as phenolics and saponins which were present in low concentrations while alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardenolides, cardiac glycosides and tannins were absent. © 2013 Academic Journals.	Ethnobotanical survey; Fertility; Phytochemical evaluation	Abelmoschus esculentus extract; plant extract; unclassified drug; Amaranthaceae; article; Bignoniaceae; Caricaceae; Clusiaceae; Convolvulaceae; Cucurbitaceae; ethnobotany; Euphorbiaceae; fertility; legume; Malvaceae; Melastomataceae; Moraceae; nonhuman; okra; phytochemistry; plant leaf; plant root; plant seed; Poaceae; questionnaire; Rubiaceae; Rutaceae; Solanaceae; traditional healer	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924569405	Conceptualizing the impacts of dual practice on the retention of public sector specialists - evidence from South Africa	Ashmore J., Gilson L.	2015	Human Resources for Health	13	1	10.1186/1478-4491-13-3	University of Cape Town, Observatory, Health Economics Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Falmouth Annex, Medical Campus, Cape Town, South Africa; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Global Health and Development, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom	Ashmore, J., University of Cape Town, Observatory, Health Economics Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Falmouth Annex, Medical Campus, Cape Town, South Africa; Gilson, L., University of Cape Town, Observatory, Health Economics Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Falmouth Annex, Medical Campus, Cape Town, South Africa, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Global Health and Development, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom	Background: 'Dual practice', or multiple job holding, generally involves public sector-based health workers taking additional work in the private sector. This form of the practice is purported to help retain public health care workers in low and middle-income countries' public sectors through additional wage incentives. There has been little conceptual or empirical development of the relationship between dual practice and retention. Methods: This article helps begin to fill this gap, drawing on empirical evidence from a qualitative study focusing on South African specialists. Fifty-one repeat, in-depth interviews were carried out with 28 doctors (predominantly specialists) with more than one job, in one public and one private urban hospital. Results: Findings suggest dual practice can impact both positively and negatively on specialists' intention to stay in the public sector. This is through multiple conceptual channels including those previously identified in the literature such as dual practice acting as a 'stepping stone' to private practice by reducing migration costs. Dual practice can also lead specialists to re-evaluate how they compare public and private jobs, and to overworking which can expedite decisions on whether to stay in the public sector or leave. Numerous respondents undertook dual practice without official permission. Conclusions: The idea that dual practice helps retain public specialists in South Africa may be overstated. Yet banning the practice may be ineffective, given many undertake it without permission in any case. Regulation should be better enforced to ensure dual practice is not abused. The conceptual framework developed in this article could form a basis for further qualitative and quantitative inquiry. © 2015 Ashmore and Gilson.	Health worker distribution; Loyalty; Migration; Multiple job holding; Public private mix; Retention	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960556736	The impact of mass drug administration and long-lasting insecticidal net distribution on Wuchereria bancrofti infection in humans and mosquitoes: An observational study in northern Uganda	Ashton R.A., Kyabayinze D.J., Opio T., Auma A., Edwards T., Matwale G., Onapa A., Brooker S., Kolaczinski J.H.	2011	Parasites and Vectors	4	1	10.1186/1756-3305-4-134	Malaria Consortium Africa, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Malaria Consortium Uganda, Kampala, Uganda; District Health Office, Dokolo, Uganda; Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; RTI International, Kampala, Uganda; Malaria Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya	Ashton, R.A., Malaria Consortium Africa, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Kyabayinze, D.J., Malaria Consortium Uganda, Kampala, Uganda; Opio, T., District Health Office, Dokolo, Uganda; Auma, A., Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Edwards, T., MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Matwale, G., Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Onapa, A., RTI International, Kampala, Uganda; Brooker, S., Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Malaria Public Health and Epidemiology Group, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Kolaczinski, J.H., Malaria Consortium Africa, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Background: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Uganda is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and transmitted by anopheline mosquitoes. The mainstay of elimination has been annual mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin and albendazole, targeted to endemic districts, but has been sporadic and incomplete in coverage. Vector control could potentially contribute to reducing W. bancrofti transmission, speeding up progress towards elimination. To establish whether the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) can contribute towards reducing transmission of W. bancrofti in a setting with ongoing MDA, a study was conducted in an area of Uganda highly endemic for both LF and malaria. Baseline parasitological and entomological assessments were conducted in 2007, followed by high-coverage LLIN distribution. Net use and entomological surveys were carried out after one year, and final parasitological and entomological evaluations were conducted in 2010. Three rounds of MDA had taken place before the study commenced, with a further three rounds completed during the course of the study. Results: In 2007, rapid mapping indicated 22.3% of schoolchildren were W. bancrofti antigen positive, and a baseline survey during the same year found age-adjusted microfilaraemia prevalence was 3.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.6-5.3%). In 2010, age-adjusted microfilaraemia prevalence had fallen to 0.4%, while antigenaemia rates were 0.2% in children < 5 years and 6.0% in 5 years. In 2010, universal coverage of mosquito nets in a household was found to be protective against W. bancrofti antigen (odds ratio = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.22-0.89). Prevalence of W. bancrofti larvae in anopheline mosquitoes had decreased significantly between the 2007 and 2010 surveys, but there was an apparent increase in vector densities. Conclusion: A marked reduction in W. bancrofti infection and infectivity in humans was observed in the study area, where both MDA and LLINs were used to reduce transmission. The extent to which LLINs contributed to this decline is equivocal, however. Further work investigating the impact of vector control on anopheline-transmitted LF in an endemic area not benefitting from MDA would be valuable to determine the effect of such interventions on their own. © 2011 Ashton et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	albendazole; ivermectin; parasite antigen; unclassified drug; Wuchereria bancrofti antigen; albendazole; anthelmintic agent; insecticide; ivermectin; acute adenolymphangitis; acute disease; adolescent; adult; Anopheles; anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; article; Bancroftian filariasis; bed net; blood sampling; child; elephantiasis; female; follow up; health survey; household; human; hydrocele; infection prevention; intervention study; long lasting insecticidal net; lymphangitis; major clinical study; male; mass drug administration; microfilaria (nematode larva); microfilariasis; night sleep; nonhuman; observational study; parasite transmission; prevalence; public health service; school child; Uganda; animal; Anopheles; disease transmission; isolation and purification; larva; lymphatic filariasis; methodology; mosquito; parasitology; preschool child; Uganda; Wuchereria bancrofti; Wuchereria bancrofti; Adolescent; Albendazole; Animals; Anopheles; Anthelmintics; Child; Child, Preschool; Elephantiasis, Filarial; Female; Humans; Insecticide-Treated Bednets; Insecticides; Ivermectin; Larva; Male; Mosquito Control; Uganda; Wuchereria bancrofti	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958507843	Performance of three multi-species rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia	Ashton R.A., Kefyalew T., Tesfaye G., Counihan H., Yadeta D., Cundill B., Reithinger R., Kolaczinski J.H.	2010	Malaria Journal	9	1	10.1186/1475-2875-9-297	Malaria Consortium - Ethiopia Office, Ethio-China Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Malaria Consortium - Africa Regional Office, Sturrock Road, Kampala, Uganda; Malaria Consortium International, Development House 56-64, Leonard Street, London, EC2A 4LT, United Kingdom; Oromia Regional Health Bureau, PO Box 24341, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom; U.S. Agency for International Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Ashton, R.A., Malaria Consortium - Ethiopia Office, Ethio-China Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Malaria Consortium - Africa Regional Office, Sturrock Road, Kampala, Uganda; Kefyalew, T., Malaria Consortium - Ethiopia Office, Ethio-China Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Tesfaye, G., Malaria Consortium - Ethiopia Office, Ethio-China Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Counihan, H., Malaria Consortium International, Development House 56-64, Leonard Street, London, EC2A 4LT, United Kingdom; Yadeta, D., Oromia Regional Health Bureau, PO Box 24341, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Cundill, B., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom; Reithinger, R., U.S. Agency for International Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Kolaczinski, J.H., Malaria Consortium - Africa Regional Office, Sturrock Road, Kampala, Uganda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, United Kingdom	Background. Malaria transmission in Ethiopia is unstable and variable, caused by both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. The Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH) is scaling up parasitological diagnosis of malaria at all levels of the health system; at peripheral health facilities this will be through use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). The present study compared three RDT products to provide the FMoH with evidence to guide appropriate product selection. Methods. Performance of three multi-species (pf-HRP2/pan-pLDH and pf-HRP2/aldolase) RDTs (CareStart, ParaScreen and ICT Combo) was compared with 'gold standard' microscopy at three health centres in Jimma zone, Oromia Regional State. Ease of RDT use by health extension workers was assessed at community health posts. RDT heat stability was tested in a controlled laboratory setting according to WHO procedures. Results. A total of 2,383 patients with suspected malaria were enrolled between May and July 2009, 23.2% of whom were found to be infected with Plasmodium parasites by microscopy. All three RDTs were equally sensitive in detecting P. falciparum or mixed infection: 85.6% (95% confidence interval 81.2-89.4). RDT specificity was similar for detection of P. falciparum or mixed infection at around 92%. For detecting P. vivax infection, all three RDTs had similar sensitivity in the range of 82.5 to 85.0%. CareStart had higher specificity in detecting P. vivax (97.2%) than both ParaScreen and ICT Combo (p < 0.001 and p = 0.05, respectively). Health extension workers preferred CareStart and ParaScreen to ICT Combo due to the clear labelling of bands on the cassette, while the 'lab in a pack' style of CareStart was the preferred design. ParaScreen and CareStart passed all heat stability testing, while ICT Combo did not perform as well. Conclusions. CareStart appeared to be the most appropriate option for use at health posts in Ethiopia, considering the combination of quantitative performance, ease of use and heat stability. When new products become available, the choice of multi-species RDT for Ethiopia should be regularly re-evaluated, as it would be desirable to identify a test with higher sensitivity than the ones evaluated here. © 2010 Ashton et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	article; community care; confidence interval; controlled study; diagnostic test; Ethiopia; health center; human; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; malaria falciparum; microscopy; mixed infection; nonhuman; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax malaria; public health; thermostability; world health organization; adolescent; adult; aged; analytical equipment; child; comparative study; evaluation; female; infant; isolation and purification; malaria falciparum; male; methodology; middle aged; parasitology; Plasmodium vivax; Plasmodium vivax malaria; preschool child; sensitivity and specificity; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Infant; Malaria, Falciparum; Malaria, Vivax; Male; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Parasitology; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57749120271	Evaluation of the suitability of conophor oil for the production of alkyd resins and surface coatings	Asiagwu A.K., Omuku P.E., Okoye P.A.C., Olisa M.A., Ajiwe V.C.E.	2008	Oriental Journal of Chemistry	24	2	None	Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria	Asiagwu, A.K., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria; Omuku, P.E., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria; Okoye, P.A.C., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria; Olisa, M.A., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria; Ajiwe, V.C.E., Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria	Oil was extracted from Tetraceripidum conophorum nut using solvent extraction method with hexane as solvent. The oil obtained was used to synthesize an alkyd resin, which in turn was utilized in the production of white gloss paints and varnishes. The IR and UV analysis of the oil showed the presence of C=C and C=O, while the Uv and IR examination of the resin revealed the presence of phthalic chain and C=O, C=C bond. The white gloss paint and varnishes produced had the right physical quality such as brushability and good drying time. The oil is a necessary raw material that can be used industrially in the production of essential materials.	Aklyd resins; Conophor oil; Surface coatings	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908069899	The use of the partograph in labor monitoring: A cross-sectional study among obstetric caregivers in General Hospital, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria	Asibong U., Okokon I.B., Agan T.U., Oku A., Opiah M., Essien E.J., Monjok E.	2014	International Journal of Women's Health	6	None	10.2147/IJWH.S49188	Department of Family Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar and University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar and University of	Asibong, U., Department of Family Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar and University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria; Okokon, I.B., Department of Family Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar and University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria; Agan, T.U., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar and University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria; Oku, A., Department of Community Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar and University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria; Opiah, M., Department of Maternal and Child Health, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Essien, E.J., Institute of Community Health, University of Houston, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States; Monjok, E., Department of Family Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar and University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria, Institute of Community Health, University of Houston, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States	Background: Prolonged and obstructed labor is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in Nigeria, one of the six countries contributing significantly to the global maternal mortality crisis. The use of the partograph would engender a remarkable reduction in the number of these deaths since abnormal markers in the progress of labor would be identified early on.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the non-physician obstetric caregivers’ (OCGs) knowledge of partograph use, assess the extent of its use, determine the factors that impede its usage, and unravel the relationship between years of experience and partograph use among the respondents (OCGs) in General Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.Methodology: Using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire, a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 130 purposely selected and consenting OCGs working in the General Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.Results: The majority of the respondents (70.8%) had good general knowledge of the partograph but lacked detailed and in-depth knowledge of the component parts of the partograph. Knowledge of partograph (χ2=12.05, P=0.0001) and partograph availability (χ2=56.5, P=0.0001) had a significant relationship with its utilization. Previous training (χ2=9.43, P=0.002) was significantly related to knowledge of partograph. Factors affecting utilization were: little or no knowledge of the partograph (85.4%), nonavailability (70%), shortage of staff (61.5%), and the fact that it is time-consuming to use (30%).Conclusion: Lack of detailed knowledge of the partograph, nonavailability of the partograph, poor staff numbers, and inadequate training are factors that work against the effective utilization of the partograph in the study facility. Usage of this tool for labor monitoring can be enhanced by periodic training, making partographs available in labor wards, provision of reasonable staff numbers, and mandatory institutional policy. © 2014 Asibong et al.	Knowledge; Labor monitoring; Nigeria; Obstetric caregivers; Partograph; Utilization	adult; Article; caregiver; clinical evaluation; clinical practice; cross-sectional study; female; health auxiliary; human; labor management; male; medical record; midwife; Nigeria; nurse; nursing assistant; partograph; patient monitoring; personnel shortage; professional knowledge; structured questionnaire; work experience	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862114095	Performance analysis of thermal vapour compression desalination system coupled to cogeneration nuclear power plant	Asiedu-Boateng P., Yamoah S., Ameyaw F., Dzide S., Tuffour-Acheampong K.	2012	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	4	8	None	Nuclear Reactors Research Centre, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Asiedu-Boateng, P., Nuclear Reactors Research Centre, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Yamoah, S., Nuclear Reactors Research Centre, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Ameyaw F., Nuclear Reactors Research Centre, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Dzide, S., Nuclear Reactors Research Centre, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Tuffour-Acheampong, K., Nuclear Reactors Research Centre, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Nuclear desalination of seawater has been identified as one of the affordable means of fresh water production. However this can only be achieved by the design of energy efficient desalination systems. This study focused on cycle analysis of the cogeneration nuclear power plant. A theoretical model of the Thermo Vapour Compression (TVC) desalination process was also developed and coupled to the cogeneration nuclear power plant. The modeled coupled system was developed on the computer code, NUCDES using FORTRAN language to investigate the effect of design and operating parameters on parameters controlling the cost of producing fresh water from TVC process. The results showed that the performance of the TVC desalination process and the efficiency of the cogeneration nuclear power improve with the motive steam pressure. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2012.	Cogeneration; Compression; Desalination; Nuclear; Thermal; Vapour	Cogeneration; Computer codes; Coupled systems; Cycle analysis; Desalination systems; Energy efficient; Fresh Water; Fresh water production; Nuclear; Nuclear desalination; Operating parameters; Performance analysis; Steam pressures; Theoretical models; Thermal; Compaction; Desalination; Energy efficiency; Nuclear power plants; Seawater; Vapors; Water; Water filtration	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929330524	Micro-and Macroelemental Composition and Safety Evaluation of the Nutraceutical Moringa oleifera Leaves	Asiedu-Gyekye I.J., Frimpong-Manso S., Awortwe C., Antwi D.A., Nyarko A.K.	2014	Journal of Toxicology	2014	None	10.1155/2014/786979	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Ghana; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Ghana; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 19063, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana Medical School, P.O. Box 4236, Korle-Bu, Ghana	Asiedu-Gyekye, I.J., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Ghana; Frimpong-Manso, S., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Ghana; Awortwe, C., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, P.O. Box 19063, Cape Town, South Africa; Antwi, D.A., Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana Medical School, P.O. Box 4236, Korle-Bu, Ghana; Nyarko, A.K., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, P.O. Box LG 43, Legon, Ghana	Moringa oleifera is a multipurpose plant used in Ghana and most parts of Africa. Its high mineral, protein, and vitamins content has enabled its use as a nutraceutical and panacea for various diseases. This study aimed at measuring the micro-and macroelements content of dried Moringa oleifera leaves using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopic (EDXRF) and assessing its toxicological effect in rats. Acute toxicity (5000 mg/kg) and a subacute toxicity studies of the leaf (40 mg/kg to 1000 mg/kg) extract were conducted in rats. Blood samples were assessed for biochemical and haematological parameters. Results showed significant levels of thirty-five (35) elements (14 macroelements and 21 microelements) in M. oleifera extract. There were no observed overt adverse reactions in the acute and subacute studies. Although there were observed elevations in liver enzymes ALT and ALP (P<0.001) and lower creatinine levels in the extract treated groups, no adverse histopathological findings were found. Moringa oleifera dried leaf extract may, therefore, be reasonably safe for consumption. However, the consumption of Moringa oleifera leaves should not exceed a maximum of 70 grams per day to prevent cumulative toxicity of these essential elements over long periods. © 2014 I. J. Asiedu-Gyekye et al.	None	alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; aluminum; arsenic; calcium; cesium ion; chlorine; chromium; copper; creatinine; gallium; iron; magnesium ion; manganese; molybdenum; Moringa oleifera extract; nickel; niobium; nutraceutical; phosphorus; potassium; rubidium ion; silicon; sodium ion; sulfur; tin; unindexed drug; vanadium; yttrium; zirconium; acute toxicity; alanine aminotransferase blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; animal experiment; Article; blood sampling; controlled study; creatinine blood level; drug megadose; drug safety; histopathology; leukocyte count; male; mean corpuscular volume; Moringa oleifera; nonhuman; plant leaf; priority journal; rat; single drug dose; Sprague Dawley rat; X ray fluorescence; Moringa oleifera; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926340975	Impact of firm-specific characteristics on managers' identity disclosure	Asien E.N.	2014	Accounting Research Journal	27	2	10.1108/ARJ-03-2013-0010	Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Federal University Otuoke, Otuoke, Nigeria	Asien, E.N., Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Federal University Otuoke, Otuoke, Nigeria	Purpose - This paper aims to examine the impact of firm-specific characteristics on managers' identity disclosure in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. Design/methodology/approach - Research data were collected from 2010 annual reports and financial statements of 403 listed firms in the GCC countries. The data were analyzed by multiple regression models. Findings - Evidence suggesting that managers' identity is significantly disclosed by firms that separate the office of chairman from that of chief executive officer was documented. It was also found that mature firms significantly disclose their managers' identity. Our finding suggests that firms' declaration that they comply with a set of corporate governance code leads them to disclose managers' identity. However, we find that firms that are related to the state significantly disclose their managers' identity, contrary to expectation. Research limitations/implications - One limitation is the lack of a uniform classification of industries by the stock exchanges in the GCC region. The implication of this is that researchers are lacking a uniform standard to apply in their research. Another limitation is the use of only 2010 annual reports and accounts; thus, there is a problem of inter-temporal generalizability. As markets in the GCC countries are evolving, it will be interesting to capture the state of managers' identity disclosure after 2010. Practical implications - The paper has the potential to influence firms in the GCC region to begin disclosing managers' personal details and other contact information. In addition, there is the prospect that market regulators in the GCC region and other emerging markets who may read this research may now require firms to disclose their managers' identity. Originality/value - This is an Original research paper. © 2014 Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Corporate governance; Duality role; GCC countries; Managers' identity; State-related enterprises; Voluntary disclosure	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938153218	Combination Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV in Rwandan Adults: Clinical Outcomes and Impact on Reproductive Health up to 24 Months	Asiimwe-Kateera B., Veldhuijzen N., Balinda J.P., Rusine J., Eagle S., Vyankandondera J., Mugabekazi J., Ondoa P., Boer K., Asiimwe A., Lange J., Reiss P., Van De Wijgert J.	2015	AIDS Research and Treatment	2015	None	10.1155/2015/740212	INTERACT Program, Kigali, Rwanda; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda; Academic Medical Center, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University, Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Treatment and Research for AIDS Center, Kigali, Rwanda; National Reference Laboratory, Kigali, Rwanda; Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Kigali University, Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda; Rinda Ubuzima, Kigali, Rwanda; Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Ministry of Health of Rwanda, Rwanda	Asiimwe-Kateera, B., INTERACT Program, Kigali, Rwanda, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda; Veldhuijzen, N., Academic Medical Center, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University, Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Balinda, J.P., Treatment and Research for AIDS Center, Kigali, Rwanda; Rusine, J., National Reference Laboratory, Kigali, Rwanda; Eagle, S., Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Vyankandondera, J., Kigali University, Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda, Rinda Ubuzima, Kigali, Rwanda; Mugabekazi, J., Kigali University, Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda; Ondoa, P., Academic Medical Center, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Boer, K., INTERACT Program, Kigali, Rwanda, Academic Medical Center, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Asiimwe, A., Ministry of Health of Rwanda, Rwanda; Lange, J., Academic Medical Center, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Reiss, P., Academic Medical Center, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Van De Wijgert, J., Academic Medical Center, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Rinda Ubuzima, Kigali, Rwanda	Adult women (n=113) and men (n=100) initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and women not yet eligible for cART (n=199) in Kigali, Rwanda, were followed for 6-24 months between 2007 and 2010. In the cART groups, 21% of patients required a drug change due to side effects and 11% of patients had virological failure (defined as >1,000 HIV RNA copies/mL) after 12 months of cART. About a third of the pregnancies since HIV diagnosis were unintended. The proportion of women in the pre-cART group using modern contraception other than condoms (50%) was similar to women in the general population, but this proportion was only 25% in women initiating cART. Of the women who carried at least one pregnancy to term since having been diagnosed HIV-positive, a third reported to have participated in a prevention-of-mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT, option A) intervention. Many patients were coinfected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (79-92%), human papillomavirus (38-53%), and bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with no differences between groups. We applaud the Rwandan government for having strengthened family planning and PMTCT services and for having introduced HPV vaccination in recent years, but additional work is needed to strengthen STI and HPV-related cancer screening and management in the HIV-positive population. © 2015 Brenda Asiimwe-Kateera et al.	None	None	None
None	None	Evaluation of Serangium n. sp. (Col., Coccinellidae), a predator of Bemisia tabaci (Hom., Aleyrodidae) on cassava	Asiimwe P., Ecaat J.S., Guershon M., Kyamanywa S., Gerling D., Legg J.P.	2007	Journal of Applied Entomology	131	2	10.1111/j.1439-0418.2006.01122.x	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kampala, Uganda; Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PO Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda	Asiimwe, P., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kampala, Uganda, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PO Box 7878, Kampala, Uganda; Ecaat, J.S., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kampala, Uganda; Guershon, M., Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel; Kyamanywa, S., Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Gerling, D., Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel; Legg, J.P., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom	The potential of a new, previously unidentified Serangium species (Col., Coccinellidae) to control the high Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hom., Aleyrodidae) populations on cassava was evaluated. Field and laboratory studies were carried out to determine the abundance and feeding capacity of this Serangium species feeding on B. tabaci on cassava. Serangium nymphs and adults were most abundant in cassava fields late in the season, rising sharply from 5 months after planting (MAP) to a peak at 7-8 MAP. Pre-imaginal development averaged 21.2 days and was longest in eggs and shortest in the L1 instar. Mean total prey consumption of immature Serangium increased with the stage of development with the lowest consumption in the L1 instar and highest in the L4 instar. Mean daily consumption was lowest on the first day after hatching in the L1 instar and rose to a peak on the 13th day after hatching in the L4 instar. Each Serangium larva consumed a mean of over 1000 nymphs during its entire development. These results have demonstrated the potential of this Serangium species to control B. tabaci populations on cassava. © 2007 The Authors Journal compilation 2007 Blackwell Verlag.	Biological control; Pre-imaginal development; Prey abundance; Prey consumption	abundance; beetle; biological control; cassava; crop damage; developmental biology; host plant; host-parasitoid interaction; pest species; potential biocontrol agent; whitefly; Aleyrodidae; Bemisia tabaci; Coccinellidae; Manihot esculenta; Serangium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876270245	Modelling critical success factors of business process reengineering and business performance of Nigerian oil and gas companies	Asika N., Awolusi O.D.	2013	International Journal of Services and Operations Management	15	1	10.1504/IJSOM.2013.053253	Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Postgraduate Studies, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, P.M.B 21244, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	Asika, N., Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Postgraduate Studies, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, P.M.B 21244, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Awolusi, O.D., Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Postgraduate Studies, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, P.M.B 21244, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	Business process reengineering (BPR) is a fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical contemporary measures of performance such as cost, quality, speed and services (Al-Mashari and Zairi, 1999). This paper provides a holistic view of the BPR implementation process, by reviewing the hard and soft factors that cause success and failure for BPR implementation, as well as, examine the effectiveness of the critical success factors (CSFs) of BPR on both primary (operational) and secondary (organisational) measures of business performance in Nigerian oil and gas industry. The aim was achieved through an empirical study involving the administration of 650 self-administered questionnaires to a randomly selected senior and management staff of eight (8) re-engineered oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Using the framework from Khong and Richardson (2003), several hypotheses were tested, via structural equation modelling (SEM). Using SEM, multivariate analyses were mathematically represented in a single equation, and findings from this study confirmed that BPR had significant association on business performance of Nigerian oil and gas companies. Copyright © 2013 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	BPR; Business process reengineering; Factor analysis; Multivariate analysis; Nigeria; Oil and gas industry; Operating performance; Organisational performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949695407	Students and teachers' perception of the causes of poor academic performance in ogun state secondary schools [Nigeria]: Implications for couselling for national development	Asikhia O.A.	2010	European Journal of Social Sciences	13	2	None	Department of Curriculum Studies and Instruction Michael, Otedola College of Primary Education Noforija-Epe, Lagos State, Nigeria	Asikhia, O.A., Department of Curriculum Studies and Instruction Michael, Otedola College of Primary Education Noforija-Epe, Lagos State, Nigeria	The study examined the perception of students and teachers on the causes of poor academic performance among secondary school students in Ogun State, Nigeria. Subjects for the study were one hundred and thirty-five (135) students and fifty (50) teachers randomly drawn from five secondary schools in Odogbolu Local Government Area of Ogun State. Questionnaire was used to collect relevant data for the study. Percentages and chi-square were used to analyse the research questions. Responses of teachers showed that teachers' qualification and students' environment do not influence students' poor performance but teachers' methods of teaching influence poor academic performance. Students' response on the other hand showed that while teachers' qualification and students' environment influence students' poor performance, teachers' method of teaching and learning materials do not. The implications of these findings for secondary school guidance counselors interested in counseling adolescents for good academic performance were discussed.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79954480944	Strategic flexibility and market performance of SMEs in Nigeria	Asikhia O.	2011	International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development	10	1	10.1504/IJMED.2011.039659	Department of Business Studies, College of Business and Social Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Canaan Land, Km. 10, Idiroko, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Asikhia, O., Department of Business Studies, College of Business and Social Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Canaan Land, Km. 10, Idiroko, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	The study determines the relationship between strategic flexibility and market performance of small-and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. This paper presents primary data collected by self-administered questionnaires involving a sample of 476 respondents from different regions of Nigeria. The data were subjected to descriptive statistical and correlation analysis as well as structural equation modelling. This study reveals that strategic flexibility relates positively and significantly with market performance variables and that marketing competence and competitive intensity moderate the strategic flexibility - performance relationship of the SMEs. The empirical evidence of this paper affects major aspects of SMEs' management and relevant recommendations are made. Copyright © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Competitive intensity; Enterprise development; Market performance; Marketing competence; Nigeria; Small-and medium-scale enterprises; SMEs; Strategic flexibility	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866026785	Modelling relationship marketing and performance of Nigerian banks	Asikhia O.	2012	International Journal of Business Innovation and Research	6	5	10.1504/IJBIR.2012.048784	Department of Business Studies, College of Business and Social Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Canaan Land, Km. 10, Idiroko, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Asikhia, O., Department of Business Studies, College of Business and Social Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Canaan Land, Km. 10, Idiroko, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	This study determines the effect of relationship marketing on performance of Nigerian banks. This paper presents primary data collected by self-administered questionnaires involving a sample of 472 respondents; 363 bank customers and 109 bank management staffs from the two major cities that house the banks headquarters in Nigeria, i.e. Abuja and Lagos. The data were subjected to correlation, regression and structural equation modelling. This study reveals that relationship marketing has a positive and statistically significant relationship with performance and relationship marketing contributed differently to the variations in the various performance variables. The empirical evidence of this paper affects major aspects of bank management and relevant recommendations are made. Copyright © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Business innovation; Customer loyalty; Customer satisfaction; Customer service; Growth; Nigeria; Performance; Relationship marketing; Sustainable competitive advantage	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960099478	Strategic marketing orientation and performance: A case for synergistic merger effects of Nigerian banks	Asikhia O.	2010	European Journal of Scientific Research	42	2	None	Department of Business Studies, College of Business and Social Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ota, Ogun state, Nigeria	Asikhia, O., Department of Business Studies, College of Business and Social Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ota, Ogun state, Nigeria	The purpose of this paper is to examine the strategic marketing orientation - performance relationship among Nigerian banks and the synergistic effects of probable merger is also included. The paper presents primary data collected by self-administered questionnaires involving a sample of 835 corporate customers from the two commercial cities in Nigeria to classify the banks based on performance, out of which 500 were usable resulting in 59.9% response rate and a total of 375 questionnaire were also distributed to top and middle level management of the banks, 257 were returned, out of which 213 were usable (valid and complete), thus producing a response rate of 56.8 percent, The data set was subjected to regression analysis and structural equation modeling to measure the various effects of variables. It was discovered that strategic marketing orientation positively relates with banks 'performance with the major banks having the lowest SMO-Performance, the combination of the banks in merger scenario revealed different implicating results. It was also revealed that marketing competence and all environmental factors moderate the SMO-Performance relationship except demand uncertainty. For successful mergers between banks in this era of bank failures to occur, consideration should be given to the strategic marketing orientation - performance relationships for synergy. The paper reports findings from the first nationwide study carried out in the area of strategic marketing orientation-performance relationship as a basis for synergic merger in Nigerian banks. © 2010 EuroJournals Publishing, Inc.	Banks' performance; Environmental factors; Marketing competence; Nigerian Banks; Strategic marketing orientation; Synergic effects	None	None
None	None	Effect of breed, season, year and parity on reproductive performance of dairy cattle under smallholder production system in Bukoba district, Tanzania	Asimwe L., Kifaro G.C.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	10	None	Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	Asimwe, L., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Kifaro, G.C., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O.Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of breed level and non-genetic factors on reproductive performance of dairy cattle under smallholder production system. The study focused on assessing the reproductive efficiency of dairy cattle under smallholder farms in Bukoba district, Tanzania. Data on age at first calving (AFC), calving to first service interval (CFSI), number of services per conception (NSC), days open (DO) and calving interval (CI) were collected from Kagera Dairy Development Trust (KADADET) in Bukoba district. General Linear models procedure of Statistical Analysis System (SAS) computer software was used to analyse the data. The fixed effects considered in the analyses were genetic group, parity, season and period of birth or of calving. The overall mean for AFC was 35.1±9.7 months with a coefficient of variation of 18.6%, for CFSI it was 196.95±1.8 days with a coefficient of variation of 20% while the mean for NSC was 1.66±0.0 with a coefficient of variation of 21%. Further, the mean DO was 205.2±2.6 days with coefficient of variation of 19%, and CI averaged 480.4±2.4 days with a coefficient of variation of 22%. AFC was significantly affected by period of birth (P&lt;0.001), level of exotic blood (P&lt;0.05) and season of birth (P&lt;0.05). Genetic group significantly influenced CFSI, NSC, CI (P&lt;0.05) and DO (P&lt;0.001). F1 crosses performed better than high-grades in all the traits with 34.6 months of AFC, 171 days of CFSI, 182 days of DO, and 455 days of CI. Season of calving significantly influenced CFSI (P&lt;0.01), CI (P&lt;0.001), NSC and DO (P&lt;0.05). Cows calving in the long rain season were superior with 17 days of CFSI, 21 days open and had shorter (by 27 days) CI than those calving in the long dry season. Parity and period of calving significantly affected CFSI (P&lt;0.05 and P&lt;0.001), NSC (P&lt;0.05), DO (P&lt;0.01 and P&lt;0.001), CI (P&lt;0.05 and P&lt;0.001) respectively. For these traits, performance was improving by advancement in age of cows. Milk yield in the first 100 days of lactation had no significant influence on post-calving reproductive traits. It was concluded that reproductive performance was best in the long rain season and that with respect to reproductive traits F1 crosses were better than high grades in Bukoba district.	Age at first calving; Calving interval; Calving to first service interval; Days open; Genetic and non-genetic factors; Number of services per conception	Bos	None
None	None	Effect of days in feedlot on growth performance, carcass and meat quality attributes of Tanzania shorthorn zebu steers	Asimwe L., Kimambo A.E., Laswai G.H., Mtenga L.A., Weisbjerg M.R., Madsen J.	2015	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	5	10.1007/s11250-015-0801-z	Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Animal Science, Au Foulum, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, Tjele, Denmark; Department of Larger Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark	Asimwe, L., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Kimambo, A.E., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Laswai, G.H., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mtenga, L.A., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Weisbjerg, M.R., Department of Animal Science, Au Foulum, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, Tjele, Denmark; Madsen, J., Department of Larger Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark	A study was conducted on 50 steers (183 ± 4 kg initial body weight, 3 years of age) to assess effects of days in feedlot on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Tanzania shorthorn zebu (TSZ) cattle with the aim of determining appropriate finishing period. Periods were 0 day (P<inf>0</inf>), 25 days (P<inf>25</inf>), 50 days (P<inf>50</inf>), 75 days (P<inf>75</inf>) and 100 days (P<inf>100</inf>) with 10 animals per period. Steers were housed in individual pens, fed with a concentrate diet and hay on an ad libitum basis except the P<inf>0</inf> group which was slaughtered at the beginning of trial. Long stay in feedlot, P<inf>100</inf>, increased concentrate dry matter intake by 2 kg DM/day over short stay, P<inf>25</inf>. Final weight and total gain increased (P < 0.05) from P<inf>25</inf> (22.6 kg) to P<inf>100</inf> steers (95.4 kg). Periods had no influence (P > 0.05) on an average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) but affected carcass characteristics. Empty body weight (EBW) and hot carcass weight (HCW) increased by 61 and 65 %, respectively, from no feedlot, P<inf>0</inf> to P<inf>100</inf>. Dressing percentage was high (P < 0.05) for P<inf>100</inf> steers. Carcass measurements, internal fat, fat thickness and carcass total fat were the highest (P < 0.05) on P<inf>100</inf> steers and the lowest on P<inf>0</inf> steers. Rate of pH decline increased with days in feedlot, while cooking loss and shear force values decreased in advanced ageing time. Feedlot periods of 75 and 100 days resulted into high intake, carcass measurements and tenderness, but 100 days further increased carcass fatness and fat thickness levels, thus, with this particular feeding system and animal’s condition, 75 days is the recommended period to finish TSZ cattle in feedlots. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Beef; Carcass; Gain; Period of stay; Quality	Animalia; Bos; Bos indicus; analysis; animal; animal food; animal husbandry; body weight; bovine; controlled study; diet; growth, development and aging; male; meat; physiology; randomized controlled trial; Tanzania; veterinary; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Body Weight; Cattle; Diet; Male; Meat; Tanzania	None
None	None	Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu cattle finished on molasses or maize grain with rice or maize by-products	Asimwe L., Kimambo A.E., Laswai G.H., Mtenga L.A., Weisbjerg M.R., Madsen J., Mushi D.E.	2015	Livestock Science	182	None	10.1016/j.livsci.2015.11.001	Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Animal Science, Au Foulum, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, Tjele, Denmark; Department of Larger Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark	Asimwe, L., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Kimambo, A.E., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Laswai, G.H., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mtenga, L.A., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Weisbjerg, M.R., Department of Animal Science, Au Foulum, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, Tjele, Denmark; Madsen, J., Department of Larger Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Mushi, D.E., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	Forty five steers (2.5-3.0 years of age and 200±5 (SEM) kg body weight) were allotted randomly into five diets to assess the effects of finishing Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu (TSZ) cattle in feedlot using diets based on either molasses or maize grain combined with maize or rice by-products. The diets were hay and concentrate mixtures of hominy feed with molasses (HFMO), rice polishing with molasses (RPMO), hominy feed with maize meal (HFMM), rice polishing with maize meal (RPMM) and a control of maize meal with molasses (MMMO). All concentrate mixtures contained cotton seed cake, mineral mixture, salt and urea. Both hay and concentrate were fed ad libitum and with free access to drinking water for 90 days. Feed intake, body weights and carcass characteristics were recorded. The daily total dry matter intake (DMI, kg/day) was greater (P<0.05) in molasses based diets (7.64 for RPMO and 7.35 for HFMO) than in maize grain based diets (6.94, 6.73 and 6.19 for RPMM, MMMO and HFMM, respectively). Energy intake was highest (P<0.05) in HFMO (86 MJ/day) and lowest in RPMM (69 MJ/day). Crude protein intake was highest in HFMO (867 g/day) and lowest in RPMO (725 g/day). Feed conversion ratio (kg feed DMI/kg gain) was lower (P<0.05) for steers fed on HFMM (7.87) and HFMO (8.09) than those fed on MMMO (10.4), RPMM (11.0) and RPMO (11.5). Steers fed on HFMO had the highest (P<0.05) daily weight gain (919. g/day), total weight gain (83. kg), final live weight (283. kg), empty body weight (268. kg) and hot carcass weight (151. kg). The proportion of internal fat to empty body weight (2.7%) in steers fed on HFMO was higher (P<0.05) than those from other diets. Nevertheless, all carcasses showed relatively high fat cover (1.1-1.6. cm). It is concluded that agro-processing by products are good feed resources for finishing TSZ cattle in feedlots with formulations based on molasses being superior over those based on maize meal, and hominy feed being superior over rice polishing. A combination of molasses and hominy feed (HFMO) could be used successfully as an alternative to maize meal in finishing TSZ cattle in feedlot. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Agro-processing by-products; Carcass characteristics; Feedlot; Weight gain	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927694447	Growth performance, carcass and non-carcass characteristics of Mubende and Mubende×Boer crossbred goats under different feeding regimes	Asizua D., Mpairwe D., Kabi F., Mutetikka D., Kamatara K., Hvelplund T., Weisbjerg M.R., Mugasi S.K., Madsen J.	2014	Livestock Science	169	C	10.1016/j.livsci.2014.09.010	Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Animal Science, AU Foulum, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark; Nyakahita Farm, Nyakashashara, Kiruhura, Uganda; Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Abi Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, National Agricultural Research Organisation, P. O. Box 219, Arua, Uganda	Asizua, D., Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda, Abi Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, National Agricultural Research Organisation, P. O. Box 219, Arua, Uganda; Mpairwe, D., Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Kabi, F., Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Mutetikka, D., Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Kamatara, K., Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Hvelplund, T., Department of Animal Science, AU Foulum, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark; Weisbjerg, M.R., Department of Animal Science, AU Foulum, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark; Mugasi, S.K., Nyakahita Farm, Nyakashashara, Kiruhura, Uganda; Madsen, J., Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark	A surge in the demand for goats[U+05F3] meat both locally and internationally has prompted many goat farmers in Uganda to venture into commercial goat production. However, goat production is highly challenged by breed characteristics and extreme fluctuations in feed quantity and quality. This study evaluated the effects of supplementing grazing Mubende goats and their crossbreds (Mubende×Boer) with concentrates on growth, carcass and non-carcass characteristics. A 2×3 factorial treatment arrangement was used to randomly allocate 96 pure Mubende and Mubende×Boer castrates (mean±SE; 31.3±2.2. kg initial weight) aged between 9 and 15 months, to three feeding regimes. The feeding regimes included (i) sole grazing (SGZ) as control, (ii) control+concentrate containing molasses (MCM) and (iii) control+concentrate without molasses (MCC). Concentrate dry matter intake was higher (P<0.001) in the crossbreds regardless of concentrate type, however, inclusion of molasses resulted in lower concentrate intake. The Mubende goats were more efficient in utilising concentrate with molasses while the crossbreds utilised concentrate without molasses more efficiently. Average daily gain (ADG) was higher (P<0.001) in the crossbreds and in the supplemented groups. Slaughter weight, empty body weight and hot carcass weight were also higher (P<0.001) in the crossbreds than the pure Mubende. Supplementation reduced gut fill (P<0.001) and increased (P<0.001) hot carcass weight and dressing percentage in both genotypes. Proportion of non-carcass components as percentage of empty body weight did not vary between genotypes but supplementation reduced (P<0.01) proportion of skin with hocks and empty stomach. Kidney fat, omental fat and scrotal fat increased (P<0.001) with supplementation. Therefore, crossbreeding together with supplementation of grazing can considerably improve goat meat production, however, caution should be taken on the level of concentrate supplement offered as tendency for absolute substitution of concentrate for grass/browse by goats was observed in this study. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Boer goat; Grazing; Meat production; Mubende goat; Supplementation	Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945447390	Evaluation of micro- and nano-carbon-based adsorbents for the removal of phenol from aqueous solutions	Asmaly H.A., Abussaud B., Ihsaah, Saleh T.A., Bukhari A.A., Laoui T., Shemsi A.M., Gupta V.K., Atieh M.A.	2015	Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry	97	9	10.1080/02772248.2015.1092543	KACST – Technology Innovation Centre on Carbon Capture and Sequestration (KACST-TIC on CCS), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Center for Environment &Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India; Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar	Asmaly, H.A., KACST – Technology Innovation Centre on Carbon Capture and Sequestration (KACST-TIC on CCS), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Abussaud, B., Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Ihsaah, Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Saleh, T.A., Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Bukhari, A.A., Center for Environment &Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Laoui, T., Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Shemsi, A.M., Center for Environment &Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Gupta, V.K., Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Atieh, M.A., Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar	This work reports on the adsorption efficiency of two classes of adsorbents: nano-adsorbents including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs); and micro-adsorbents including activated carbon (AC) and fly ash (FA). The materials were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area, zeta potential, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and UV spectroscopy. The adsorption experimental conditions such as pH of the solution, agitation speed, contact time, initial concentration of phenol, and adsorbent dosage were optimized for their influence on the phenol. The removal efficiency of the studied adsorbents has the following order: AC > CNTs > FA > CNFs. The capacity obtained from Langmuir isotherm was found to be 1.348, 1.098, 1.007, and 0.842 mg/g of AC, CNTs, FA, and CNFs, respectively, at 2 hours of contact time, pH 7, an adsorbent dosage of 50 mg, and a speed of 150 rpm. The higher adsorption of phenol on AC can be attributed to its high surface area and its dispersion in water. The optimum values of these variables for maximum removal of phenol were also determined. The experimental data were fitted well to Langmuir than Freundlich isotherm models. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.	activated carbon; carbon nanofibers; carbon nanotubes; fly ash; phenol	Activated carbon; Adsorbents; Carbon nanofibers; Carbon nanotubes; Chemicals removal (water treatment); Efficiency; Electron microscopy; Field emission microscopes; Fly ash; High resolution transmission electron microscopy; Isotherms; Nanofibers; Nanotubes; Phenols; Scanning electron microscopy; Solutions; Thermogravimetric analysis; Transmission electron microscopy; Ultraviolet spectroscopy; Yarn; Adsorption efficiency; Adsorption of phenol; Dispersion in water; Experimental conditions; Field emission scanning electron microscopy; Freundlich isotherm model; Initial concentration; Removal efficiencies; Adsorption; activated carbon; adsorption; aqueous solution; concentration (composition); efficiency measurement; fly ash; fullerene; pH; phenol; pollutant removal; scanning electron microscopy; thermogravimetry; transmission electron microscopy; ultraviolet radiation	KACST, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology; AR-30-92, KFUPM, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology
Scopus	2-s2.0-84914697805	Libraries in the information age: A measure of performance, competencies and constraints in academic libraries in Nigerian universities	Asogwa B.E.	2014	Electronic Library	32	5	10.1108/EL-07-2012-0097	Nnamdi Azikiwe Library (NAL), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Asogwa, B.E., Nnamdi Azikiwe Library (NAL), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to measure the competencies of libraries in Nigerian universities, identify constraints to their performance and recommend infrastructures and competencies required. Institutional accreditation has compelled academic libraries in Nigerian to improve their quality, competencies and performances for accountability.Design/methodology/approach - Aquestionnaire was the main instrument for data collection. The population of the study was all the university librarians in the 89 universities in Nigeria that the author selected from federal, state and private universities. Of the 81 sets of questionnaires emailed, 49 were returned, which represents a 60.5 per cent response rate and provides the working population of the study. Data were analysed using frequency tables, simple percentages and bar charts.Findings - The results indicate that academic libraries and librarians in Nigeria are competent in three key areas - educational roles, professional development and research. However, they are not very effective in the provision and use of library resources in cyberspace, adequate funding, collection development and information technology skills. The main constraints are: poor Internet penetration, low bandwidth, unreliable power supply and weak Internet proficiency. This paper suggests that adequate funding, benchmark performance and multi-skilling can serve as strategies against these constraints in developing regions.Practical implications - This study contributes to library staff assessment because it links strategic objectives to performance measures and associated long-term targets. It broadens issues which affect sustainable performance in academic libraries in Nigeria, as well as in Africa and other developing countries.Originality/value - While performance measurement is well established in developed countries, it is less or not so well established in Nigeria and other developing countries. The current research seeks to develop a performance measurement framework for academic libraries that is testable and expandable to Nigeria and the whole African context. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Academic libraries; Benchmarking; ICT; Nigeria; Performance indicators; Performance measurement	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938864176	Use of ServQUAL in the evaluation of service quality of academic libraries in developing countries	Asogwa B.E., Asadu B.U., Ezema J.U., Ugwu C.I., Ugwuanyi F.C.	2014	Library Philosophy and Practice	2014	1	None	Nnamdi Azikiwe library, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Asogwa, B.E., Nnamdi Azikiwe library, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Asadu, B.U., Nnamdi Azikiwe library, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ezema, J.U., Nnamdi Azikiwe library, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ugwu, C.I., Nnamdi Azikiwe library, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ugwuanyi, F.C., Nnamdi Azikiwe library, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Purpose - This paper assesses the quality of services to users in academic libraries in developing countries using ServQUAL model. The purpose was to expose the service areas where the desires of library users' are not met, ascertain the causes, and suggest corrective measures. Approach - Both primary and secondary sources were explored for data collection. Questionnaire and the websites were used, and the 3,832 library users sampled from four developing countries was the research population of this article. Data was analyzed and discussed using descriptive statistics, and other illustrations. Findings - The paper revealed that in developing countries: all the service indicators evaluated were negatively marked; There is significant different between the perceptions and expectations of library users; Academic libraries are not satisfying users' expectations; While tangibility and empathy were the highest and lowest dimensions in developing countries, reliability and tangibility were the order in developed countries; factors such as lack of modern facilities, poor funding, and weak e-leadership quality were negatively affecting the quality of library services. Greater efforts should be channeled toward closing the gaps between the perceptions and the expectations of library users. Practical Implications -This result could be used in comparing the service quality of academic libraries in developed and developing countries. Originality -This paper is the first attempt to use ServQUAL model in the comparison of service quality of academic libraries in developed and developing countries.	Academic libraries; Service quality; ServQUAL in academic libraries; ServQUAL in developing countries; ServQual model	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949565645	Evaluation of electronic service infrastructures and quality of e-services in Nigerian academic libraries	Asogwa B.E., Ugwu C.I., Ugwuanyi F.C.	2015	Electronic Library	33	6	10.1108/EL-04-2014-0071	Nnamdi Azikiwe Library, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria	Asogwa, B.E., Nnamdi Azikiwe Library, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ugwu, C.I., Nnamdi Azikiwe Library, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ugwuanyi, F.C., Nnamdi Azikiwe Library, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the quality of online services in academic libraries in Nigeria. It seeks to assess the functionality of electronic infrastructures, to expose areas where the service needs of users are not adequately provided and to recommend solutions. Design/methodology/approach - The sample population was 210 staff and students who used electronic resources in Nigerian university libraries during the 2012-2013 academic session. A questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection. Modified WebQual four performance indicators were designed and used to measure: library equipment, library website, online public access catalogue (OPAC) and e-user education in the university libraries. The five-point service performance scale that ranged from very poor performance to excellent was used in measuring the views of the respondents. Findings - None of the indicators was rated excellent; six were rated good; nine were average; two and five indicators scored poor and very poor, respectively. Poor funding, intermittent power supply and weak telecommunication infrastructures were among the major impediments to online services in Nigerian universities. Through adequate funding and prudent management of library funds, online services in Nigerian university libraries could meet global standards. Practical implications - Results from this paper could guide library management on several concrete remedial actions to sustain e-service performance that could meet the missions and visions of contemporary academic libraries. Originality/value - This paper was the first to apply WebQual model in the evaluation of electronic performance quality of academic libraries in Nigeria. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Academic libraries; E-resources; E-services; Nigerian university libraries	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650313261	Evaluation of ethanol plant extract for protection of cola nitida against kola weevils (Balanogastris kolae and Sophrorhinus spp) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in storage	Asogwa E.U., Ndubuaku T.C.N., Mokwunye I.U., Awe O.O., Ugwu J.A.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	5	None	Entomology Section, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria; Biology Department, Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo. Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Basic Sciences and General Studies, Federal College of Forestry, Idishin - Ibadan, Nigeria	Asogwa, E.U., Entomology Section, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ndubuaku, T.C.N., Entomology Section, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria; Mokwunye, I.U., Entomology Section, Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, Nigeria; Awe, O.O., Biology Department, Adeyemi College of Education, Ondo. Ondo State, Nigeria; Ugwu, J.A., Department of Basic Sciences and General Studies, Federal College of Forestry, Idishin - Ibadan, Nigeria	The kola weevils Balanogastris kolae and Sophrorhinus spp (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are the most destructive of all kola pests. This study was designed to evaluate the protective properties of ethanol extracts of 5 plant materials each at 1x103, 2.5x103, 5x103 and 1x104 ppm, against the kola weevils on stored kolanuts. The development and emergence of adult weevils were assessed by counting newly emerged adult weevils at fortnightly intervals for 112 Days. The number of weevil exit holes on the kolanuts and the number of kolanuts with colour change in each treatment were also determined. The mean number of adult B. kolae emergence from the various extract treatments did not differ significantly from each other. However, none of the extract treatments compared effectively with the standard treatment (1.38 ± 0.25). A similar trend was observed for Sophorhinus spp, but emergence of adult weevils was extremely low (0.03 ± 0.13 to 0.34 ± 0.10), even for the control treatment (0.78 ± 0.14). There was no significance difference in the mean number of weevil exit holes recorded for all the extracts at 2.5x103, 5x103 and 1x103 ppm treatment levels. However, they all differed significantly (P &lt; 0.05) from their control treatment (101.16 ± 11.26), but did not compare effectively with the standard treatment (8.16 ± 0.75). The mean number of kolanuts with colour changes recorded for the standard treatment (2.28 ± 0.18) differed only completely from the various treatment means of Cederela odorata (6.16 ± 0.39; 5.81 ± 0.38; 5.28 ± 0.30; 4.97 ± 0.16). Generally, there was no significant difference amongst the various extract treatments means, so none could be claimed to be superior to the other. The various extracts therefore could be proffered as alternatives to kola farmers, so as to reduce their total dependence on synthetic insecticides for kolanut storage. Storage of kolanuts at 2.5x103 ppm was found adequate and recommended taking into consideration their general protective effectiveness of the kolanuts and for economic reasons. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Colour change; Emergence; Exit holes; Kolanuts; Plant extracts; Treatments; Weevils	Cola nitida; Coleoptera; Curculionidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891775574	Toxicological evaluation of aqueous leaf extract of chromolaena odorata in male wistar albino rats	Asomugha R.N., Okafor P.N., Ijeh I.I., Orisakwe O.E., Asomugha A.L., Ndefo J.C.	2013	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science	3	12	10.7324/JAPS.2013.31216	Toxicology Unit, Dept. of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria; Det. of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture Umudike, Nigeria; Toxicology Unit, Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria;	Asomugha, R.N., Toxicology Unit, Dept. of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria; Okafor, P.N., Det. of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture Umudike, Nigeria; Ijeh, I.I., Det. of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture Umudike, Nigeria; Orisakwe, O.E., Toxicology Unit, Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Asomugha, A.L., Dept. of Anatomy, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Medical School, Nnewi, Nigeria; Ndefo, J.C., Laboratory Unit, Medical Center, University of Nigeria, Nigeria	To evaluate the toxicological implications of the administration of aqueous leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata. The aqueous leaf extract was administered three times per week, for 90 days at doses of 161.5mg/kg, 32 3mg/kg, 538,5mg/kg and 1077mg/kg body weight, respectively. The control animals received 0.5ml of deionised water alone. The animals were sacrificed at the end of 90days. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, and the heart, testes and kidney harvested for histological analysis. Histopathological examination of the heart, lungs, testis and the kidneys did not show any observable morphological alterations. The biochemical parameters; amylase, albumin and total serum protein, and Na+ were found to be decreased at doses of 538.5mg/kg and 1077mg/kg, while the serum levels of creatine kinase, AST, K+, glucose, uric acid, urea and creatinine were increased at the same dose levels. The absence of exhibition of observable toxicity below 538.5mg/kg body weight suggests that the extract may be safe and non-toxic only at very low doses. © 2013 Asomugha RN et al.	Chromolaena odorata; Histopathology; Leaf extract; Toxicity study	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883454079	Evaluation of residual stress development at the interface of plasma electrolytically oxidized and cold-worked aluminum	Asquith D., Yerokhin A., James N., Yates J., Matthews A.	2013	Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science	44	10	10.1007/s11661-013-1854-0	Department of Engineering and Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, United Kingdom; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Portobello Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom; School of Marine Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Centre for Modelling and Simulation, School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom	Asquith, D., Department of Engineering and Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, United Kingdom; Yerokhin, A., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Portobello Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom; James, N., School of Marine Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Yates, J., Centre for Modelling and Simulation, School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Matthews, A., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Portobello Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom	Fatigue failure in hard oxide-coated aluminum is usually driven by rapid short crack propagation from the interface through the substrate; mitigation of this is possible by introducing interfacial compressive stresses. Combining cold work with hard oxide coating can improve their performance under conditions of simultaneous wear, corrosion, and fatigue. Three-dimensional strain fields in an aluminum alloy with combined cold work and PEO coating have been measured and mechanisms for stress redistribution presented. These comprise material consumption, expansive growth of oxide layers, and local annealing. © 2013 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International.	None	Fatigue failures; Material consumption; Oxide coating; Oxide layer; Short crack propagation; Stress development; Stress redistribution; Three-dimensional strains; Aluminum; Interfaces (materials); Protective coatings; Aluminum coatings	EP/H051317/1, EPSRC, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858311071	Performance assessment of Nigerian banks pre and post consolidation: Evidence from a Bayesian approach	Assaf A.G., Barros C., Ibiwoye A.	2012	Service Industries Journal	32	2	10.1080/02642069.2010.529135	Isenberg School of Management, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States; Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Actuarial Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Assaf, A.G., Isenberg School of Management, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States; Barros, C., Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Ibiwoye, A., Department of Actuarial Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	This study analyses the cost-efficiency of Nigerian banks pre and post the consolidation period. The researchers account for bank heterogeneity using the Bayesian random frontier model, which in this context provides a better fit than the traditional stochastic frontier model. From the efficiency inferences, it is shown that the cost-efficiency of Nigerian banks has increased post the consolidation period to reach its highest average of 91.21% in 2007. The study discusses the potential impact of consolidation on the efficiency results and provides direction for future research. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	banking consolidation; Bayesian random frontier; cost-efficiency; heterogeneity; Nigeria	banking; Bayesian analysis; heterogeneity; performance assessment; stochasticity; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926201819	Feed formulation and feeding impact on the performance of dairy cows in Central Highland of Ethiopia	Assaminew S., Ashenafi M.	2015	Livestock Research for Rural Development	27	4	None	Agricultural College, ATVET, Holetta, Ethiopia; College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia	Assaminew, S., Agricultural College, ATVET, Holetta, Ethiopia; Ashenafi, M., College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia	The study was conducted on private urban and periurban dairy production systems around Holetta, Central Highland of Ethiopia, with the objective to assess the existing feed formulation and feeding of crossbred dairy cows in terms of nutrient supply in relation to the performances. Structured questionnaire and laboratory analysis for home-mixed concentrate were employed to generate data from a total of 60 dairy farms. The average of home-mixed concentrates chemical composition for urban and periurban farm, respectively, were 209 and 224 g/kg dry matter (DM) of crude protein (CP), 3.85 and 5.28 g/kg DM calcium (Ca) and 10.6 and 9.74 g/kg DM of phosphorus (P). The nutrients supplied per kg of milk through home-mixed concentrates for urban and periurban crossbred dairy cows, respectively, were 92.6 and 93.5 g CP, 1.70 and 2.21 g Ca and 4.69 and 4.04 g P. The average daily milk yield (ADMY)/cow/day, calving interval(CI) and days open(DO) for urban and periurban farms, respectively, were 11.1 and 9.28 kg, 14.3 and 15.4 months, and 152 and 176 days. Significant variations in terms of nutrient supply through home-mixed concentrate between the production subsystems of the study site existed. Thus, big variations in nutrient supply and imbalances resulted in an apparently low performance of dairy animals in terms of ADMY, CI and DO as compared to what was expected. © 2015, Fundacion CIPAV. All rights reserved.	Calving interval; Days open; Home-mixed concentrates; Milk yield; Periurban; Urban	Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896825415	Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of anti diabetic treatment at ayder referral hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Assefa B., Wondimu A., Abrha S., Dinda S.C., Demeke B., Gebre-Samuel N., Assen A., Molla F., Yilma Z.	2014	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research	25	1	None	Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Assefa, B., Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Wondimu, A., Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Abrha, S., Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Dinda, S.C., Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Demeke, B., Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Gebre-Samuel, N., Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Assen, A., Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Molla, F., Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Yilma, Z., Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder that poses huge health and economic burden on society. Unfortunately, there is lack of such evidences in Ethiopia. To estimate direct cost of illness of DM in Ayder Referral Hospital in 2012. Cost of illness method was used to determine the economic burden of DM from societal perspective. The direct cost of illness of DM in the year 2012 was estimated using prevalence approach. All patients who were being followed-up for at least a year in the DM clinic of the hospital were included in the study. Data on patients' demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and treatment profile were collected from patients' case notes. A total of 130 DM patients were enrolled in the study, of which 51.54% were females and 48.46% were males. The total cost of illness of diabetes was estimated to be USD 11530.68 in 2012. Of this, 92.48% was direct medical cost and 7.52% was direct non-medical cost. The cost of illness per patient/year is USD 88.70. Most of the costs were spent on drugs (73.10%). Insulin accounted 88.19% of drug cost and 64.45% of the total cost of illness of DM. The mean cost for DM patients with complications (USD 125.78) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) as compared to those without complications (USD 76.08). Numbers of visits to DM clinic, type of DM and residence area were also found to affect the cost significantly. The cost associated with diabetes is enormous and it presents a considerable burden to the society. Hence, policy makers should give emphasis for the prevention of the disease and its complications.	Complication; Cost of illness; Diabetes mellitus; Direct medical cost; Direct non-medical cost	acetylsalicylic acid; amitriptyline; atenolol; enalapril; furosemide; glibenclamide; hemoglobin A1c; hydrochlorothiazide; insulin; metformin; nifedipine; propranolol; adult; aged; article; cardiovascular disease; comorbidity; cost of illness; demography; diabetes mellitus; diabetic ketoacidosis; diabetic nephropathy; diabetic neuropathy; diabetic retinopathy; drug cost; Ethiopia; female; follow up; health care cost; health care policy; human; hypoglycemia; major clinical study; male; middle aged; prevalence; sexual dysfunction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845740682	Meningiomas: Clinical correlates, skull x-ray, CT and patological evaluations	Assefa G., Ashenafi S., Munie T.	2006	Ethiopian Medical Journal	44	3	None	Department of Radiology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Department of Pathology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Unit, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia	Assefa, G., Department of Radiology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Ashenafi, S., Department of Pathology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Munie, T., Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Unit, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia	Objective: To assess the frequency and the diagnostic performance of plain skull x-ray and and CT of meningiomas. Methods: All pathologically diagnosed intracranial meningiomas in patients seen at Tikur Anbessa Hospitals were reviewed. Results: Between December 1999 and July 2004 there were 25 histologically diagnosed cases of meningioma at the Tikur Anbessa Hospital (TAH). The duration of symptoms was ranging from 0.5-10yrs (mean 2.4±2.1yrs) and age ranging from 21-57yrs (mean age of 49.3±10yrs) with M: F ratio of 1.2: 1. Blurring of vision was the commonest clinical presentation. Clinical correlates, skull x-rays, computerized tomographic results and pathology are evaluated. Plain skull x-ray findings were normal in 12/23 (52%); 10/23(43%) of the cases had non-specific sellar changes of raised intra-cranial pressure. Twenty-three of the 25 meningiomas had CT scanning done, and CT diagnosed 17/23(74%) meningiomas correctly. Two meningiomas were unusual in location: one was intranasal and the other was intra-ventricular. Parasellar tumors were frequent sites of misdiagnosis. The commonest locations were parasellar and cerebral convexity, each accounting for 6/25(24%) of the cases. The commonest CT observation was intense and homogeneous enhancement 15/23 (65%). Meningothelial meningioma was the commonest cellular type accounting for 11/25(46%) of the pathologies followed by the transitional 4/25 (16%) and the atypical and psammomatous types, each with equal frequency, 3/25 (12%). Conclusion: CT scan had a diagnostic accuracy of 83%, sensitivity of 74%, specificity of 95%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 95%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 75%. Statistical analysis verifies the pre-operative reliability for diagnosing meningiomas by CT scanning.	None	adult; article; computer assisted tomography; female; human; male; meningioma; middle aged; pathology; radiography; retrospective study; skull; Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meningioma; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Skull; Tomography, X-Ray Computed	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953755355	Chest x-ray evaluation of pneumonia-like syndromes in smear negative HIV-positive patients with atypical chest x-ray findings in Ethiopian setting	Assefa G., Nigussie Y., Aderaye G., Worku A., Lindquist L.	2011	Ethiopian Medical Journal	49	1	None	Dept of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, AAU, Ethiopia; Dept of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Karolinska Institute, Sweden	Assefa, G., Dept of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, AAU, Ethiopia; Nigussie, Y.; Aderaye, G., Dept of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Worku, A.; Lindquist, L., Karolinska Institute, Sweden	Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), bacterial pneumonia (BP) and Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), account for the major causes of pneumonia-like syndromes seen in HIV-AIDS patients and have overlapping clinical and chest x-ray findings pausing challenge to early diagnosis and treatment in Africa. The accuracy of chest x-ray (CXR) interpretations, inter-observer agreement, degree of chest x-ray overlapping, and distinguishing features among these common lung infections was assessed at Tikur Anbessa hospital, a tertiary care referral hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Patients and methods: chest x-rays were independently assessed by two radiologists blinded to the clinical between March 2004 and July 2005, the radiographic presentation of 131 smear-negative, HIV-positive patients with atypical laboratory data. Results: One hundred and twenty-four definite diagnoses were made in 107 (82%) of the 131 patients and PCP, BP and pulmonary TB combined accounted for 92% of the diagnoses. The chest x-ray interpretation had high sensitivity (88%), negative predictive value (NPV) (90%), and inter-observer agreement (84%) for PCP. Thirty-six percent of the infections mimicked one another, of which BP accounted for the major share. BP mimicked PCP and pulmonary TB in 39% and 20% respectively. Diffuse and bilateral alveolar infiltrates (DBAI) and acinar CXR features discriminated between PCP, pulmonary TB and BP (P< 0.05) while Diffuse bilateral fine interstitial infiltrates (DBFI) did not (p>0.05). The level of agreement between the radiologists was 79%. There was no exclusively distinguishing radiographic feature amongst the three diseases. Conclusions: Overlapping clinical and radiographic features often occurs as is co-existing infections in HIV-AIDS patients with respiratory symptoms. Therefore, definitive microbiological method should be the main tool to expedite early diagnosis and treatment in HIV-infected patients with respiratory symptoms.	None	adolescent; adult; aged; AIDS related complex; article; bacterial pneumonia; Ethiopia; evaluation; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; isolation and purification; lung lavage; lung tuberculosis; male; microbiology; middle aged; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; observer variation; Pneumocystis jiroveci; Pneumocystis pneumonia; predictive value; radiography; sensitivity and specificity; sputum; thorax radiography; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Ethiopia; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Observer Variation; Pneumocystis jirovecii; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Predictive Value of Tests; Radiography, Thoracic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40749131569	Evaluation of tagasaste (Chamaecytisus palmensis) forage as a substitute for concentrate in diets of sheep	Assefa G., Kijora C., Kehaliew A., Bediye S., Peters K.J.	2008	Livestock Science	114	42403	10.1016/j.livsci.2007.05.017	Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holetta Research Centre, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Humboldt University of Berlin, Institute of Animal Sciences, Phillipstr. 13, Haus 9, 10115 Berlin, Germany	Assefa, G., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holetta Research Centre, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Humboldt University of Berlin, Institute of Animal Sciences, Phillipstr. 13, Haus 9, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Kijora, C., Humboldt University of Berlin, Institute of Animal Sciences, Phillipstr. 13, Haus 9, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Kehaliew, A., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holetta Research Centre, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Bediye, S., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holetta Research Centre, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Peters, K.J., Humboldt University of Berlin, Institute of Animal Sciences, Phillipstr. 13, Haus 9, 10115 Berlin, Germany	A feeding trial was carried out for 90 days to asses the supplementing effect of tagasaste forage as a substitute for a concentrate supplement (wheat bran-noug seed cake (Gizotia abyssinica) mixture in 3:1 proportion) using 24 Menz male sheep (initial weight of 18.3 ± 1.6 kg). The sheep were fed on natural pasture hay as basal diet. The treatments were iso-nitrogenous supplements of 100% concentrate offered at 200 g DM/sheep/day (T1), 67% concentrate + 33% tagasaste (T2), 33% concentrate + 67% tagasaste (T3) and 100% tagasaste (T4). Digestibility tests of treatment diets were done for 10 days following the feeding trial using the same experimental animals. At the end of the experiment, carcass parameters were also evaluated. In situ degradability of feeds was determined using three rumen fistulated crossbred steers. Tagasaste forage contains more CP (215 g/kg), ADF (221 g/kg), ADL (69 g/kg); and less NDF (351 g/kg) compared to the concentrate. The concentrate had a high immediately soluble fraction (a), and a low insoluble but potential degradable matter (b), while tagasaste had a low a and higher b values and the overall potential degradability was 755, 702, and 586 g/kg, for tagasaste, concentrate and natural pasture hay respectively. Tagasaste forage had also shown higher rates of degradation (c) compared to the concentrate which might increase the total effective degradability. In the feeding trial the supplements made 26.8, 27.0, 28.3 and 29% of the total dry matter (DM) intake for T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. Increasing the inclusion of tagasaste forage significantly (P < 0.01) decreased the daily total DM intake of the basal diet and total metabolizable energy (ME), and increased the CP intake. The average weight gain of sheep did not show significant difference (P > 0.05), but had a decreasing trend, with 44.4, 41.4, 38.9 and 38.1 g/sheep for T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. The in vivo digestibility of DM and nutrients generally followed the order of T1 > T2 > T3 > T4. The dressing percentage of the carcass was 40.4% and all other parameters measured did not show significant variation due to treatment diets (P > 0.05). However, weight of liver, kidney and spleen was higher for sheep fed with higher tagasaste forage diet. The result of this study revealed that tagasaste can substitute wheat bran-noug seed cake concentrate mixture as a protein supplement. Options to increase the low ME and minimize the effect of the anti nutritional factors will improve nutrient digestibility in tagasaste forage and will enhance the overall efficiency of feed utilization. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Carcass; Digestibility; In situ degradability; Intake; Sheep weight gain; Tagasaste	Animalia; Chamaecystis palmensis; Chamaecytisus palmensis; Equus asinus; Ovis aries; Triticum aestivum	None
None	None	Tanzania national survey on iodine deficiency: Impact after twelve years of salt iodation	Assey V.D., Peterson S., Kimboka S., Ngemera D., Mgoba C., Ruhiye D.M., Ndossi G.D., Greiner T., Tylleskär T.	2009	BMC Public Health	9	None	10.1186/1471-2458-9-319	Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, 22 Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; National Council for Prevention and Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders(NCCIDD), P.O. Box 977, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, rstadveien 21, N-5009 Bergen, Norway; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Unit of International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Uppsala University, SE -75185 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of International Health (IHCAR), Nobel v 9. Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; UNICEF Kitgum Zonal Office, C/o UNICEF Kampala, George Street, Kampala, Uganda; Food and Nutrition Department, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu Seoul 133-790, South Korea	Assey, V.D., Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, 22 Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, National Council for Prevention and Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders(NCCIDD), P.O. Box 977, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, rstadveien 21, N-5009 Bergen, Norway, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Unit of International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Uppsala University, SE -75185 Uppsala, Sweden; Peterson, S., Department of Women's and Children's Health, Unit of International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Uppsala University, SE -75185 Uppsala, Sweden, Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of International Health (IHCAR), Nobel v 9. Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Kimboka, S., Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, 22 Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, National Council for Prevention and Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders(NCCIDD), P.O. Box 977, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania; Ngemera, D., UNICEF Kitgum Zonal Office, C/o UNICEF Kampala, George Street, Kampala, Uganda; Mgoba, C., Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, 22 Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Ruhiye, D.M., Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, 22 Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Ndossi, G.D., Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre, 22 Ocean Road, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Greiner, T., Food and Nutrition Department, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu Seoul 133-790, South Korea; Tylleskär, T., Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, rstadveien 21, N-5009 Bergen, Norway	Background. In many low-income countries, children are at high risk of iodine deficiency disorders, including brain damage. In the early 1990s, Tanzania, a country that previously suffered from moderate to severe iodine deficiency, adopted universal salt iodation (USI) as an intervention strategy, but its impact remained unknown. Methods. We report on the first national survey in mainland Tanzania, conducted in 2004 to assess the extent to which iodated salt was used and its apparent impact on the total goitre prevalence (TGP) and urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) among the schoolchildren after USI was initiated. In 2004, a cross-sectional goitre survey was conducted; covering 140,758 schoolchildren aged 6 - 18 years were graded for goitre according to new WHO goitre classification system. Comparisons were made with district surveys conducted throughout most of the country during the 1980s and 90s. 131,941 salt samples from households were tested for iodine using rapid field test kits. UIC was determined spectrophotometrically using the ammonium persulfate digestion method in 4523 sub-sampled children. Results. 83.6% (95% CI: 83.4 - 83.8) of salt samples tested positive for iodine. Whereas the TGP was about 25% on average in the earlier surveys, it was 6.9% (95%CI: 6.8-7.0) in 2004. The TGP for the younger children, 6-9 years old, was 4.2% (95%CI: 4.0-4.4), n = 41,965. In the 27 goitre-endemic districts, TGP decreased from 61% (1980s) to 12.3% (2004). The median UIC was 204 (95% CF: 192-215) g/L. Only 25% of children had UIC <100 g/L and 35% were 300 g/L, indicating low and excess iodine intake, respectively. Conclusion. Our study demonstrates a marked improvement in iodine nutrition in Tanzania, twelve years after the initiation of salt iodation programme. The challenge in sustaining IDD elimination in Tanzania is now two-fold: to better reach the areas with low coverage of iodated salt, and to reduce iodine intake in areas where it is excessive. Particular attention is needed in improving quality control at production level and perhaps the national salt iodation regulations may need to be reviewed. © 2009 Assey et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	ammonium derivative; persulfate ammonium; sodium chloride; unclassified drug; iodine; iodized salt; adolescent; adult; article; child; controlled study; diet; diet supplementation; disease classification; female; goiter; health survey; human; iodination; iodine deficiency; major clinical study; male; preschool child; school child; spectrophotometry; Tanzania; world health organization; cross-sectional study; goiter; prevalence; salt intake; Tanzania; urine; Adolescent; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Goiter; Health Surveys; Humans; Iodine; Prevalence; Sodium Chloride, Dietary; Tanzania	None
None	None	Factorial structure and cross-cultural invariance of the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances	Åstrøm A.N., Mtaya M.	2009	European Journal of Oral Sciences	117	3	10.1111/j.1600-0722.2009.00621.x	Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Science, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 17, Bergen, Norway	Åstrøm, A.N., Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 17, Bergen, Norway; Mtaya, M., Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Science, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	The issue of cross-cultural construct validation and measurement invariance of the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) questionnaire is important. Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), this study evaluated a proposed three-factor structure of the OIDP questionnaire in Tanzanian adolescents and adults and assessed whether this model would be replicated in Ugandan adolescents. Between 2004 and 2007, OIDP data were collected from 1,601 Tanzanian adolescents, 1,031 Tanzanian adults, and 1,146 Ugandan adolescents. Model generation analysis was restricted to Tanzanian adolescents, and the model achieved was tested, without modification, in Tanzanian adults and in Ugandan adolescents. A modified three-factor solution with cross-loadings improved the fit of the OIDP model to the data compared with a one-factor model and the original three-factor model within the Tanzanian [comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.99] and Ugandan (CFI = 0.98) samples. Cross-validation in Tanzanian adults provided a reasonable fit (CFI = 0.98). Multiple-group CFA demonstrated acceptable fit [κ2 = 140.829, degrees of freedom (d.f.) = 24, CFI = 0.98] for the unconstrained model, whereas unconstrained and constrained models were statistically significantly different. Factorial validity was confirmed for the three-factor OIDP model. The results provide evidence for cross-cultural equivalence of the OIDP, suggesting that this measure is comparable, at least to some extent, across Tanzanian and Ugandan adolescents. © 2009 Eur J Oral Sci.	Confirmatory factor analysis; Cross-cultural validity; Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP); Tanzania; Uganda	achievement; adolescent; adult; article; comparative study; cultural factor; daily life activity; eating; emotion; facial expression; factorial analysis; female; health; human; human relation; male; middle aged; mouth hygiene; physiology; quality of life; questionnaire; sleep; speech; Tanzania; Uganda; validation study; Achievement; Activities of Daily Living; Adolescent; Adult; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Eating; Emotions; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Middle Aged; Oral Health; Oral Hygiene; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; Rural Health; Sleep; Smiling; Speech; Tanzania; Uganda; Urban Health	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891601229	The impact of bitumen deposits on groundwater quality	Asubiojo O.I., Adebiyi F.M.	2014	Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects	36	4	10.1080/15567036.2010.536819	Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria	Asubiojo, O.I., Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria; Adebiyi, F.M., Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria	Physico-chemical and elemental characteristics of groundwaters from a bitumen deposit area in Nigeria were determined with a view to assessing their levels of accumulation by the waters from the bitumen deposit and to provide a framework for the establishment of relationships between the chemistry of the mineral deposit and the groundwaters of the area. Physico-chemical parameters were measured using standard analytical procedures, while the elemental contents were determined by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy technique. The results showed that the groundwaters have higher concentrations of elements (V, Cr, Mn, Cu, and Zn), which are known to be associated with hydrocarbon formation, than regular Nigerian groundwaters, apparently due to leaching of the elements from the bitumen deposit into the waters. Comparison of the analyzed parameters with their standard permissible values indicated that the waters were not potable. This was also corroborated by the values of their pollution index. Strong and significant positive correlations existed between some of the analyzed elements (K/Fe, K/Cu, Ca/Cr, V/Pb, Ni/Zn, Ni/Pb, Ca/Zn, V/Cr, V/Mn, V/Ni, V/Zn, Cr/Mn, Mn/Ni, and Ni/Cu), indicating a common source, chemical similarity, and/or common natural background levels in the waters. Elemental clustering results indicated that analyzed transition metals showed the closest inter-element clustering and were corroborated with their Pearson correlation matrices results, indicating chemical affinity and/or similar genetic origin. Strong positive correlations were shown by the results of the cross-plot analysis of the groundwater/oil sand water fraction and groundwater/bitumen suggesting inter-element correlations between them, and also establishing relationships between the groundwaters and the bitumen deposit in the area and that contamination of any components of the ecosystem would easily affect other ecosystems. These results could be used as a fingerprint for bitumen exploration elsewhere and also for similar mineral deposit settings, such as crude oil and coal deposits. © 2014 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	bitumen; element; groundwater; oil sand; total reflection X-ray fluorescence	bitumen; element; Ground-water qualities; Hydrocarbon formation; Natural background levels; Physicochemical parameters; Positive correlations; Total reflection X-ray fluorescence; Bituminous materials; Chemical analysis; Clustering algorithms; Coal deposits; Correlation methods; Deposits; Ecosystems; Electromagnetic wave reflection; Fluorescence spectroscopy; Mineral resources; Oil sands; Water quality; Groundwater	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650423903	Evaluation of palm exudate (Palm Wine) as corrosion inhibitor for Al-5%Si/15%Sic composite in caustic Soda solution	Asuke F., Yaro S.A., Oloche O.B.	2010	Journal of Applied Sciences Research	6	11	None	Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Ahmadu BelloUniversity Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria	Asuke, F., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Ahmadu BelloUniversity Zaria, Nigeria; Yaro, S.A., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Ahmadu BelloUniversity Zaria, Nigeria; Oloche, O.B., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria	The corrosion characteristic of Al-5%Si/15%SiC composite in 0.5molar sodium hydroxide solution (caustic soda) using Palm exudate (palm wine) as corrosion inhibitor was investigated employing gravimetric and potential measurements. The research was carried out at a constant time of five (5) hours and varying inhibitor concentrations and temperature in the range of 0.5 - 2.5% v/v and 30 - 70°C respectively. Results obtained revealed that palm wine is a moderate corrosion inhibitor for the composite with optimum concentration of 1.0% v/v, maximum inhibition efficiency of 47.63% was obtained at 30°C at the optimum inhibitor concentration. Thermodynamic parameters such as heat of adsorption, free energy and activation energy were obtained from experimental data. The inhibitor was chemically absorbed unto the surface of the composite. © 2010, INSInet Publication.	Aluminium metal matrix composite; Corrosion inhibition; Palm wine and sodium hydroxide	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053194766	Participatory evaluation of drought tolerant maize varieties using mother-baby trial model: A case study in the forest-Savannah transition zone of Ghana	Asumadu H., Ewool M.B., Obeng-Antwi K.	2011	Journal of Agronomy	10	2	10.3923/ja.2011.68.73	CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana	Asumadu, H., CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Ewool, M.B., CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Obeng-Antwi, K., CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana	Maize is one of the world's three primary cereal crops and also one of the most popular food crops on the domestic market in Ghana. Erratic rainfall pattern in the Forest-Savannah transition zone of Ghana for the past decade has caused shortfalls in rainfall amounts resulting in low maize production and productivity. The Maize Breeding Programme at the Crops Research Institute, Ghana, in collaboration with the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria identified high yielding and drought tolerant open-pollinated and hybrid maize varieties for evaluation and eventual release to farmers. The mother-baby trial model was adopted for the evaluation of these varieties in the major season of 2009 in three farming communities in the target agro-ecology. The Farmers variety showed poor yield performance in both the mother and baby trials and in the ranking of varieties by farmers and researchers in both early and medium maturity groups. Almost all the improved varieties were appreciated by both researchers and farmers. The yields of the drought tolerant varieties in both normal and drought affected environments were higher than the farmers variety in both cases. The two most promising drought tolerant varieties, TZE-W Pop STR QPM CO and IWD C2 S YN F2 out-yielded the Farmers' variety by as much as 23 to 90% across locations. Therefore, these varieties were recommended by the Maize Breeding Programme at the Crops Research Institute to the National Variety Release Committee of Ghana for release to farmers in 2010. © 2011 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Baby trial; Drought tolerant maize; Mother trial; Preference; Selection	Zea mays	None
WoS	WOS:000319869000003	The Ghana essential health interventions program: a plausibility trial of the impact of health systems strengthening on maternal & child survival	Asuru, Rofina,Awoonor-Williams, John Koku,Bawah, Ayaga A.,Nyonator, Frank K.,Oduro, Abraham,Ofosu, Anthony,Phillips, James F.	2013	BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH	13	None	10.1186/1472-6963-13-S2-S3	Columbia University, Ghana Health Service, Navrongo Health Research Center, Minist Hlth Minist	"Asuru, Rofina: Ghana Health Service","Awoonor-Williams, John Koku: Ghana Health Service","Bawah, Ayaga A.: Columbia University","Oduro, Abraham: Ghana Health Service","Oduro, Abraham: Navrongo Health Research Center","Ofosu, Anthony: Ghana Health Service","Phillips, James F.: Columbia University",	Background: During the 1990s, researchers at the Navrongo Health Research Centre in northern Ghana developed a highly successful community health program. The keystone of the Navrongo approach was the deployment of nurses termed community health officers to village locations. A trial showed that, compared to areas relying on existing services alone, the approach reduced child mortality by half, maternal mortality by 40%, and fertility by nearly a birth - from a total fertility rate of 5.5 in only five years. In 2000, the government of Ghana launched a national program called Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) to scale up the Navrongo model. However, CHPS scale-up has been slow in districts located outside of the Upper East Region, where the "Navrongo Experiment" was first carried out. This paper describes the Ghana Essential Health Intervention Project (GEHIP), a plausibility trial of strategies for strengthening CHPS, especially in the areas of maternal and newborn health, and generating the political will to scale up the program with strategies that are faithful to the original design. Description of the intervention: GEHIP improves the CHPS model by 1) extending the range and quality of services for newborns; 2) training community volunteers to conduct the World Health Organization service regimen known as integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI); 3) simplifying the collection of health management information and ensuring its use for decision making; 4) enabling community health nurses to manage emergencies, particularly obstetric complications and refer cases without delay; 5) adding $0.85 per capita annually to district budgets and marshalling grassroots political commitment to financing CHPS implementation; and 6) strengthening CHPS leadership at all levels of the system. Evaluation design: GEHIP impact is assessed by conducting baseline and endline survey research and computing the Heckman "difference in difference" test for under-5 mortality in three intervention districts relative to four comparison districts for core indicators of health status and survival rates. To elucidate results, hierarchical child survival hazard models will be estimated that incorporate measures of health system strength as survival determinants, adjusting for the potentially confounding effects of parental and household characteristics. Qualitative systems appraisal procedures will be used to monitor and explain GEHIP implementation innovations, constraints, and progress. Discussion: By demonstrating practical means of strengthening a real-world health system while monitoring costs and assessing maternal and child survival impact, GEHIP is expected to contribute to national health policy, planning, and resource allocation that will be needed to accelerate progress with the Millennium Development Goals.	,INNOVATION	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925497945	Human harvesting impacts on managed areas: ecological effects of socially-compatible shellfish reserves	Aswani S., Flores C.F., Broitman B.R.	2014	Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries	25	1	10.1007/s11160-014-9376-4	Department of Anthropology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science (DIFS), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; IGP Marine Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile	Aswani, S., Department of Anthropology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa, Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science (DIFS), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Flores, C.F., Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States, IGP Marine Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Broitman, B.R., Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile	We examined how human harvesting impacts on managed areas affect the abundance and size distribution of the edible mangrove shellfish Anadara granosa and Polymesoda spp. in the Roviana Lagoon, Solomon Islands. We tested two hypotheses: (1) in areas permanently and temporally closed to human exploitation, abundance and size distribution of these shellfish species is significantly greater than in sites open to exploitation and (2) moderate human disturbance of shell beds, particularly of Polymesoda spp., increases their abundance. Firstly, we studied perceptions of environmental states and processes coupled to foraging and management interventions to assess sociocultural influences on harvesting practices and ascertain the types of management regime that people would consider in a context where poaching and interloping are common practices. Secondly, we compared shellfish abundance and shell size from areas that were permanently protected, temporally reserved for communal harvest, and permanently open for exploitation. Thirdly, drawing from women’s local knowledge, we measured the abundance of Polymesoda spp. in relation to mud compactness in quadrats across the three management regimes. Results showed that both species were significantly more abundant in permanent and temporally closed sites than in open sites. In the mud compactness study, however, while shell abundance was greater in moderately compacted quadrats, there was no statistical relationship between mud compactness and shell abundance within or across the three management regimes. Results suggest that even under the strong impacts of poaching, temporally closed areas have more clams than open areas and are as effective as areas that are permanently closed nominally. The results also suggest that human harvesting regimes can influence the effectiveness of local management decisions and thus are important when designing community-based conservation programs in the Solomon Islands and other Pacific Islands. © 2014, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Ecological disturbance; Ecological impacts; Foraging; MPAs; Shellfish; Social acceptability; Solomon Islands	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888115601	The impact of HRIS on organizational efficiency: Random or integrated and holistic?	Aswanth Kumar N., Brijball Parumasur S.	2013	Corporate Ownership and Control	11	1 G	None	School of Management, Information Technology and Governance, College of Law and Management Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa	Aswanth Kumar, N., School of Management, Information Technology and Governance, College of Law and Management Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Brijball Parumasur, S., School of Management, Information Technology and Governance, College of Law and Management Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa	This study assesses the extent to which the HRIS enhances organizational efficiency in an interrelated and holistic manner (as determined by its impact on areas of HR, time management, cost management and managerial satisfaction with the system). A sample of 101 managers was drawn from a Municipality in South Africa using cluster sampling. Data was collected using a self-developed, closed-ended questionnaire comprising of 28 items, the psychometric properties (validity, reliability) of which was statistically assessed using Factor Analysis and Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha respectively. Data was analyzed using inferential statistics. The results indicate that HRIS significantly enhances overall organizational efficiency and its sub-dimensions (HR functions, time management, cost management and managerial satisfaction with the system) in an inter-related and holistic manner, though in varying degrees. Hence, the implementation of a proper HRIS has the potential to bring about operational effectiveness and enhance the realisation of the HR and corporate strategy, thereby ensuring organizational effectiveness.	Cost management; Human resource functions; Integrated and holistic human resource information system (HRIS); Managerial satisfaction; Organizational efficiency; Time management	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953765258	Growth performance of two african catfishes clarias gariepinus and heterobranchus longifilis and their hybrids in plastic aquaria	Ataguba G.A., Annune P.A., Ogbe F.G.	2010	Livestock Research for Rural Development	22	2	None	Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373 Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	Ataguba, G.A., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373 Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Annune, P.A., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373 Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Ogbe, F.G., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2373 Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	Hybridization of Clarias gariepinus (Cl) and Heterobranchus longifilis (Ht) and determination of their growth parameters and heterosis was carried out. Four crosses were tried (♀ × ♂): Cl X Cl, Ht X Cl, Cl X Ht and Ht X Ht. One hundred and fifty 15 day old juveniles from each of the four crosses were stocked separately in triplicate plastic aquaria. Forty fish were selected randomly every week using a fine mesh mosquito size net and then weighed in bulk on a sensitive balance. The cross Cl X Cl had the highest final mean weight (1709mg) compared to the other three crosses. The pure breeds had similar Specific Growth Rate (SGR), 8.81%.day -1 (Cl X Cl) and 8.82%.day -1 (Ht X Ht). A negative heterosis for growth (-41.95%) was observed in the hybrids while survival of the hybrids showed a positive heterosis (29.4%). Poor growth of hybrids accounted for the negative heterosis. Hence crossbreeds survived better than the pure breed catfishes. There was no significant difference in specific growth rate among the four genetic groups studied (P&gt;0.05).	Heterosis; Hybridization; Survival rate; Weight gain	Clarias gariepinus; Heterobranchus longifilis; Siluriformes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907960404	Monitoring and Evaluating Progress towards Universal Health Coverage in South Africa	Ataguba J.E., Day C., McIntyre D.	2014	PLoS Medicine	11	9	10.1371/journal.pmed.1001686	Health Economics Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Health Systems Trust, Durban, South Africa	Ataguba, J.E., Health Economics Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Day, C., Health Systems Trust, Durban, South Africa; McIntyre, D., Health Economics Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	Article; government; health insurance; health survey; human; monitoring; outcome assessment; personal monitoring; primary health care; quality control; South Africa; tax; economics; evaluation study; health care disparity; health care policy; insurance; socioeconomics; standards; trends; Health Care Reform; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Universal Coverage	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867214020	The impact of health insurance on health-care utilisation and out-of-pocket payments in South Africa	Ataguba J.E.-O., Goudge J.	2012	Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance: Issues and Practice	37	4	10.1057/gpp.2012.35	Health Economics Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, South Africa; Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa	Ataguba, J.E.-O., Health Economics Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, South Africa; Goudge, J., Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa	Health insurance is an alternative to direct out-of-pocket (OOP) financing. It aims to improve access to care and reduce direct OOP payments. However, this may not be the case if there is high cost sharing and limited cover. This paper uses the methodology of propensity score matching to investigate the impact of private insurance via membership of a medical scheme in South Africa on health-care utilisation and OOP payments. The paper finds that insurance coverage increases the use of private health services as would be expected but there is no significant effect on the use of public services. Further, such coverage does not result in lower OOP payments for scheme members compared to non-members. This calls for a need to design health insurance, in South Africa, in the form that not only ensures adequate utilisation of health services but also provides financial protection to the insured as reflected in the current commitment for a National Health Insurance. © 2012 The International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics.	Health insurance; Health-care utilisation; Impact evaluation; Out-of-pocket payments; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053904324	Evaluation of aquifer contamination using 2D geoelectric imaging at Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	Atakpo E.A., Akpoborie A., Ayolabi E.	2011	Journal of Environmental Hydrology	19	None	None	Department of Physics, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; Department of Geology, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria	Atakpo, E.A., Department of Physics, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; Akpoborie, A., Department of Geology, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; Ayolabi, E., Department of Earth Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria	Geophysical investigation has been conducted using the Electrical Resistivity Lund Imaging System (2D) in the Ikeja area of Lagos, Nigeria with the aim of investigating the aerial and vertical extent of contamination of the shallow water bearing aquifer by effluent discharged from industries in the area. Survey profiles were conducted in order to map the contaminated zones. The survey was performed with a multi channel (64) ABEM SAS 4000 Terrameter. The resistivity inversion data and borehole lithologic logs were used to infer the lithology of the near surface layers in the study area as topsoil, clay, clayey sand and sand. The inversion results from the 2D Resistivity data revealed areas of low resistivity values (<5 Ω m) indicative of possible contamination of the first aquifer and possibly the second aquifer horizons.	None	aquifer pollution; electrical resistivity; geoelectric field; geophysics; image analysis; lithology; mapping method; shallow water; survey; two-dimensional modeling; Lagos [Nigeria]; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350075389	Evaluation of aquifer vulnerability and the protective capacity in some oil producing communities of western Niger Delta	Atakpo E.A., Ayolabi E.A.	2009	Environmentalist	29	3	10.1007/s10669-008-9191-3	Department of Physics, Geophysics Unit, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria	Atakpo, E.A., Department of Physics, Geophysics Unit, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria; Ayolabi, E.A., Department of Physics, Geophysics Unit, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria	Oil spills have become a major environmental hazard constituting serious social problems in Nigeria, especially in the oil producing communities. The spills contaminate the aquifer if the subsurface layers are not protected. Geoelectric technique of geophysical investigation has been used to evaluate the protective capacity of six oil producing communities: Oleh, Olomoro, Uzere, Afiesere, Ekakpamre and Uvwiamuge in the western Niger Delta. A total of 139 vertical electrical sounding (VES) using the Schlumberger electrode configuration were occupied in these communities. The longitudinal conductance maps delineated areas with poor (<0.1 mho), weak (0.1-0.19 mho), moderate (0.2-0.69 mho) and good protective capacity (0.7-4.9 mho). The study has shown that the protective capacity of most parts of the communities studied is poor with Uvwiamuge and Ekakpamre communities not protected hence the aquifer in these oil producing communities are vulnerable to contamination by hydrocarbon in the event of pollution. Hence proper environmental protection measures have been suggested to safeguard the aquifer from pollution by hydrocarbon in the event of spillage. © The Author(s) 2008.	Longitudinal conductance contamination; Protective capacity	aquifer pollution; environmental protection; geoelectric field; geophysical method; hydrocarbon reserve; oil production; oil spill; Africa; Niger Delta; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863193070	Biochemical and histological impact of Vernonia amygdalina supplemented diet in obese rats	Atangwho I.J., Edet E.E., Uti D.E., Obi A.U., Asmawi M.Z., Ahmad M.	2012	Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences	19	3	10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.05.003	Department of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univers	Atangwho, I.J., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria; Edet, E.E., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria; Uti, D.E., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria; Obi, A.U., Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria; Asmawi, M.Z., School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia; Ahmad, M., School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia	This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of Vernonia amygdalina Del. (VA) supplemented diet. VA leaf powder was fed at 5% and 15% to diet-induced obese rats for 4. weeks and its effect compared with orlistat (5.14. mg/kg p.o.), an anti-obesity drug. Food intake, body and organ weights, total body fat, some lipid components and amino transaminase activities in serum, hepatocytes and brain; as well as serum glucose, were measured during or at end of the study. Result showed respective decrease of 12.78% and 38.51% in body weight gain, of VA fed rats against 17.45% of orlistat at end of study (P< 0.05); but with no effect on food intake. Total body fat was lowered by 28.04% and 30.02% vs. obese control rats (CDC) (P< 0.05). Furthermore, serum triacylglycerol (TG), serum and brain total cholesterol (TCHOL), were down regulated at 15% VA supplementation (P< 0.05). Serum glucose which increased in obese rats by 46.26% (P< 0.05) vs. NC, indicating intolerance, was restored by VA (38.75% and 34.65%) and orlistat (31.80%) vs. CDC (P< 0.05). VA diet also exerted hepato-protection, via lowering serum alanine amino transaminase (ALT) (41.35% and 27.13%) and aspartate amino transaminase (AST) (17.09% and 43.21%) activities (P< 0.05). Orlistat had no effect on these enzymes. Histology of adipose tissue corroborated the changes on total body fat. We concluded that, diet supplemented with VA can attenuate dietary obesity as well as ameliorates the potential risks of hepato-toxicity and glucose intolerance associated with obesity. © 2012 King Saud University.	Adipose tissue; Diet-induced obesity; Glucose intolerance; Histology; Lipid profile; Total body fat; Vernonia amygdalina Del.	Gymnanthemum amygdalinum; Rattus; Vernonia amygdalina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953796063	Evaluation of the polyphenol content and antioxidant properties of methanol extracts of the leaves, stem, and root barks of Moringa oleifera Lam.	Atawodi S.E., Atawodi J.C., Idakwo G.A., Pfundstein B., Haubner R., Wurtele G., Bartsch H., Owen R.W.	2010	Journal of Medicinal Food	13	3	10.1089/jmf.2009.0057	Biochemistry Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Departments, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre, Heide	Atawodi, S.E., Biochemistry Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Atawodi, J.C., Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Departments, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Idakwo, G.A., Biochemistry Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Pfundstein, B., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany; Haubner, R., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany; Wurtele, G., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany; Bartsch, H., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany; Owen, R.W., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany	Medicinal plants have been shown to have both chemopreventive and/or therapeutic effects on cancer and other diseases related to oxidative damage. Moringa oleifera Lam., known in the Hausa and Igala languages of Nigeria as "Zogale" and "Gergedi," respectively, and drumstick in English, is a plant that is used both as food and in folkloric medicine in Nigeria and elsewhere. Different parts of the plant were analyzed for polyphenol content as well as in vitro antioxidant potential. The methanol extract of the leaves of M. oleifera contained chlorogenic acid, rutin, quercetin glucoside, and kaempferol rhamnoglucoside, whereas in the root and stem barks, several procyanidin peaks were detected. With the xanthine oxidase model system, all the extracts exhibited strong in vitro antioxidant activity, with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 16, 30, and 38 μL for the roots, leaves, and stem bark, respectively. Similarly, potent radical scavenging capacity was observed when extracts were evaluated with the 2-deoxyguanosine assay model system, with IC50 values of 40, 58, and 72 μL for methanol extracts of the leaves, stem, and root barks, respectively. The high antioxidant/radical scavenging effects observed for different parts of M. oleifera appear to provide justification for their widespread therapeutic use in traditional medicine in different continents. The possibility that this high antioxidant/radical scavenging capacity may impact on the cancer chemopreventive potential of the plant must be considered. © 2010, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.	antioxidant potential; drumstick; Moringa oleifera; polyphenol	chlorogenic acid; deoxyguanosine; glucoside; kaempferol derivative; methanol; Moringa oleifera extract; polyphenol; procyanidin; quercetin; rutoside; scavenger; xanthine oxidase; antioxidant activity; article; concentration response; IC 50; in vitro study; Moringa oleifera; plant leaf; plant root; plant stem; priority journal; Antioxidants; Flavonoids; Methanol; Moringa oleifera; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Plant Stems; Moringa oleifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74349114285	Evaluation of the polyphenol composition and antioxidant activity of African variety of Dacryodes edulis (G.Don) H.J Lam fruit	Atawodi S.E., Atawodi J.C., Idakwo P., Pfundstein B., Haubner R., Wurtele G., Spiegelhalder B., Bartsch H., Owen R.W.	2009	Journal of Medicinal Food	12	6	10.1089/jmf.2008.0215	Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Public Health, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Atawodi, S.E., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Atawodi, J.C., Department of Veterinary Public Health, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Idakwo, P., Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Pfundstein, B., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Haubner, R., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Wurtele, G., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Spiegelhalder, B., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Bartsch, H., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Owen, R.W., Institute for Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany	Polyphenols are abundant micronutrients in our diet that have been credited with chemoprevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the whole ripened fruit of Dacryodes edulis (G.Don) H.J Lam, a multipurpose tree growing in West and Central Africa and other countries bordering the Gulf of Guinea, for polyphenol content as well as its antioxidant/radical scavenging capacity. Analysis of the methanol extract of the fruit by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to an ultraviolet dual-array detector and mass-selective detector revealed the presence of catechol (9.27mg/kg), gallate (10.40mg/kg), methylgallate (0.88mg/kg), ellagic acid (3.10mg/kg), quercetin (0.21mg/kg), and quercetin rhamnoside (0.76mg/kg). The extract showed very high antioxidant potential (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50]=14 μL), but a rather weak radical scavenging activity (IC50=357 μL), when tested in vitro with the xanthine oxidase and 2-deoxyguanosine assay model systems, respectively. These results suggest that consumption of D. edulis could contribute to prevention of diseases that are related to oxidative stress. © 2009, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.	Antioxidant activity; Dacryodes edulis; Disease chemoprevention; Polyphenol	antioxidant; catechol; deoxyguanosine; ellagic acid; gallic acid methyl ester; methanol; plant extract; polyphenol derivative; quercetin; quercitrin; scavenger; xanthine oxidase; Africa; antioxidant activity; article; chemical composition; Dacryodes edulis; drug isolation; drug screening; enzyme assay; fruit; high performance liquid chromatography; IC 50; in vitro study; nonhuman; oxidative stress; priority journal; tree; Africa, Central; Antioxidants; Burseraceae; Flavonoids; Free Radical Scavengers; Fruit; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Dacryodes edulis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58149116837	Evaluation of atoxigenic isolates of Aspergillus flavus as potential biocontrol agents for aflatoxin in maize	Atehnkeng J., Ojiambo P.S., Ikotun T., Sikora R.A., Cotty P.J., Bandyopadhyay R.	2008	Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure and Risk Assessment	25	10	10.1080/02652030802112635	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United St	Atehnkeng, J., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ojiambo, P.S., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States; Ikotun, T., Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Sikora, R.A., Department of Soil Ecosystem Phytopathology and Nematology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Cotty, P.J., Division of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Bandyopadhyay, R., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria	Aflatoxin contamination resulting from maize infection by Aspergillus flavus is both an economic and a public health concern. Therefore, strategies for controlling aflatoxin contamination in maize are being investigated. The abilities of eleven naturally occurring atoxigenic isolates in Nigeria to reduce aflatoxin contamination in maize were evaluated in grain competition experiments and in field studies during the 2005 and 2006 growing seasons. Treatments consisted of inoculation of either grains in vials or ears at mid-silking stage in field plots, with the toxigenic isolate (La3228) or atoxigenic isolate alone and co-inoculation of each atoxigenic isolate and La3328. Aflatoxin B1 + B2 concentrations were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) lower in the co-inoculation treatments compared with the treatment in which the aflatoxin-producing isolate La3228 was inoculated alone. Relative levels of aflatoxin B1 + B2 reduction ranged from 70.1% to 99.9%. Among the atoxigenics, two isolates from Lafia, La3279 and La3303, were most effective at reducing aflatoxin B1 + B2 concentrations in both laboratory and field trials. These two isolates have potential value as agents for the biocontrol of aflatoxin contamination in maize. Because these isolates are endemic to West Africa, they are both more likely than introduced isolates to be well adapted to West African environments and to meet regulatory concerns over their use throughout that region.	Aflatoxin; Competitive exclusion; Corn; Mycotoxin; West Africa	aflatoxin B1; aflatoxin B2; aflatoxin; aflatoxin B1; aflatoxin B2; Africa; article; Aspergillus flavus; biological control agent; controlled study; enzyme analysis; enzyme stability; food analysis; food contamination; fungal contamination; fungus isolation; inoculation; maize; Nigeria; priority journal; bacterial spore; biological pest control; chemistry; crop; drug antagonism; ecology; food control; maize; methodology; microbiology; Aspergillus flavus; Zea mays; Aflatoxin B1; Aflatoxins; Aspergillus flavus; Crops, Agricultural; Ecology; Food Microbiology; Nigeria; Pest Control, Biological; Spores; Zea mays	None
WoS	WOS:000279725600004	TRAINING NEEDS ASSESSMENT IN RESEARCH ETHICS EVALUATION AMONG RESEARCH ETHICS COMMITTEE MEMBERS IN THREE AFRICAN COUNTRIES: CAMEROON, MALI AND TANZANIA	Ateudjieu, Jerome,Baume, Cedric,Hirtle, Marie,Ikingura, Joyce,Niare, Alassane,Sprumont, Dominique,Williams, John	2010	DEVELOPING WORLD BIOETHICS	10	2	10.1111/j.1471-8847.2009.00266.x	University of Fribourg, University of Geneva, University of Neuchatel, University of Ottawa, University of Yaounde I, Malaria Res & Training Ctr	"Ateudjieu, Jerome: University of Yaounde I","Sprumont, Dominique: University of Neuchatel","Williams, John: University of Ottawa",	Background: As actors with the key responsibility for the protection of human research participants, Research Ethics Committees (RECs) need to be competent and well-resourced in order to fulfil their roles. Despite recent programs designed to strengthen RECs in Africa, much more needs to be accomplished before these committees can function optimally. Objective: To assess training needs for biomedical research ethics evaluation among targeted countries. Methods: Members of RECs operating in three targeted African countries were surveyed between August and November 2007. Before implementing the survey, ethical approvals were obtained from RECs in Switzerland, Cameroon, Mali and Tanzania. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire in English and in French. Results: A total of 74 respondents participated in the study. The participation rate was 68%. Seventy one percent of respondents reported having received some training in research ethics evaluation. This training was given by national institutions (31%) and international institutions (69%). Researchers and REC members were ranked as the top target audiences to be trained. Of 32 topics, the top five training priorities were: basic ethical principles, coverage of applicable laws and regulations, how to conduct ethics review, evaluating informed consent processes and the role of the REC. Conclusion: Although the majority of REC members in the targeted African countries had received training in ethics, they expressed a need for additional training. The results of this survey have been used to design a training program in research ethics evaluation that meets this need.	Africa,CURRICULUM,"ETHICS COMMITTEES",RESEARCH,"TRAINING PROGRAM"	None	None
None	None	Climate change impacts on coral reefs: Synergies with local effects, possibilities for acclimation, and management implications	Ateweberhan M., Feary D.A., Keshavmurthy S., Chen A., Schleyer M.H., Sheppard C.R.C.	2013	Marine Pollution Bulletin	74	2	10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.06.011	Department of Life Science, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom; School of the Environment, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, South Africa	Ateweberhan, M., Department of Life Science, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom; Feary, D.A., School of the Environment, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Keshavmurthy, S., Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Chen, A., Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Schleyer, M.H., Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; Sheppard, C.R.C., Department of Life Science, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, United Kingdom	Most reviews concerning the impact of climate change on coral reefs discuss independent effects of warming or ocean acidification. However, the interactions between these, and between these and direct local stressors are less well addressed. This review underlines that coral bleaching, acidification, and diseases are expected to interact synergistically, and will negatively influence survival, growth, reproduction, larval development, settlement, and post-settlement development of corals. Interactions with local stress factors such as pollution, sedimentation, and overfishing are further expected to compound effects of climate change.Reduced coral cover and species composition following coral bleaching events affect coral reef fish community structure, with variable outcomes depending on their habitat dependence and trophic specialisation. Ocean acidification itself impacts fish mainly indirectly through disruption of predation- and habitat-associated behavior changes.Zooxanthellate octocorals on reefs are often overlooked but are substantial occupiers of space; these also are highly susceptible to bleaching but because they tend to be more heterotrophic, climate change impacts mainly manifest in terms of changes in species composition and population structure. Non-calcifying macroalgae are expected to respond positively to ocean acidification and promote microbe-induced coral mortality via the release of dissolved compounds, thus intensifying phase-shifts from coral to macroalgal domination.Adaptation of corals to these consequences of CO2 rise through increased tolerance of corals and successful mutualistic associations between corals and zooxanthellae is likely to be insufficient to match the rate and frequency of the projected changes.Impacts are interactive and magnified, and because there is a limited capacity for corals to adapt to climate change, global targets of carbon emission reductions are insufficient for coral reefs, so lower targets should be pursued. Alleviation of most local stress factors such as nutrient discharges, sedimentation, and overfishing is also imperative if sufficient overall resilience of reefs to climate change is to be achieved. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	None	Carbon emission reductions; Climate change impact; Larval development; Management implications; Nutrient discharges; Ocean acidifications; Population structures; Species composition; Acidification; Bleaching; Carbon dioxide; Cleaning; Ecosystems; Emission control; Fish; Reefs; Climate change; calcium carbonate; carbon dioxide; carbonic acid; acclimation; acidification; carbon dioxide; carbon emission; climate change; coral bleaching; coral reef; growth; survival; acidification; article; bleaching; carbon footprint; climate change; community structure; coral reef; ecological specialization; ecosystem resilience; fishing; greenhouse effect; infection; larval development; macroalga; nonhuman; reproduction; sedimentation; species composition; species dominance; survival; water pollution; Acclimatization; Animals; Anthozoa; Carbon Dioxide; Climate Change; Conservation of Natural Resources; Coral Reefs; Oceans and Seas; Seaweed; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollution, Chemical; Anthozoa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871737682	The Effective Population Size of Malaria Mosquitoes: Large Impact of Vector Control	Athrey G., Hodges T.K., Reddy M.R., Overgaard H.J., Matias A., Ridl F.C., Kleinschmidt I., Caccone A., Slotman M.A.	2012	PLoS Genetics	8	12	10.1371/journal.pgen.1003097	Department of Entomology, Texas AandM University, College Station, TX, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway; Medical Care Development International, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea; Malaria Research Lead Programme, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States	Athrey, G., Department of Entomology, Texas AandM University, College Station, TX, United States; Hodges, T.K., Department of Entomology, Texas AandM University, College Station, TX, United States; Reddy, M.R., Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Overgaard, H.J., Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway; Matias, A., Medical Care Development International, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea; Ridl, F.C., Malaria Research Lead Programme, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa; Kleinschmidt, I., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Caccone, A., Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Slotman, M.A., Department of Entomology, Texas AandM University, College Station, TX, United States	Malaria vectors in sub-Saharan Africa have proven themselves very difficult adversaries in the global struggle against malaria. Decades of anti-vector interventions have yielded mixed results-with successful reductions in transmission in some areas and limited impacts in others. These varying successes can be ascribed to a lack of universally effective vector control tools, as well as the development of insecticide resistance in mosquito populations. Understanding the impact of vector control on mosquito populations is crucial for planning new interventions and evaluating existing ones. However, estimates of population size changes in response to control efforts are often inaccurate because of limitations and biases in collection methods. Attempts to evaluate the impact of vector control on mosquito effective population size (Ne) have produced inconclusive results thus far. Therefore, we obtained data for 13-15 microsatellite markers for more than 1,500 mosquitoes representing multiple time points for seven populations of three important vector species-Anopheles gambiae, An. melas, and An. moucheti-in Equatorial Guinea. These populations were exposed to indoor residual spraying or long-lasting insecticidal nets in recent years. For comparison, we also analyzed data from two populations that have no history of organized vector control. We used Approximate Bayesian Computation to reconstruct their demographic history, allowing us to evaluate the impact of these interventions on the effective population size. In six of the seven study populations, vector control had a dramatic impact on the effective population size, reducing Ne between 55%-87%, the exception being a single An. melas population. In contrast, the two negative control populations did not experience a reduction in effective population size. This study is the first to conclusively link anti-vector intervention programs in Africa to sharply reduced effective population sizes of malaria vectors. © 2012 Athrey et al.	None	Anopheles; Anopheles gambiae; Anopheles melas; Anopheles moucheti; article; controlled study; disease carrier; disease transmission; Equatorial Guinea; geographic distribution; malaria; microsatellite marker; nonhuman; pesticide spraying; population size; vector control; Africa South of the Sahara; Animals; Anopheles gambiae; Equatorial Guinea; Humans; Insect Vectors; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Malaria; Mosquito Control; Pest Control; Population Density; Pyrethrins; Anopheles gambiae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80155187973	Soil nutrient stock evaluation under different land use types in the smallholder farming systems of Jimma zone, Ethiopia	Aticho A., Elias E.	2011	International Journal of Agricultural Research	6	9	10.3923/ijar.2011.707.713	Department of Natural Resources Management, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Country Manager of Wageningen University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Aticho, A., Department of Natural Resources Management, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Elias, E., Country Manager of Wageningen University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The threats of soil nutrient depletion and food insecurity due to unsustainable farming practices are the problems for most of developing countries including of Ethiopia. This investigation was conducted to determine the status of soil nutrient stock under different land use types in the smallholder farmers and to evaluate the relationship between N, P and K stocks, different soil parameters and land use types. Soil samples were collected from each land use types and tested in laboratory for bulk density, % sand, % silt, % clay, total N, total P and total K. Soil N, P and K stocks for the land use types were calculated through multiplying the concentration of N, P and K with their respective bulk density and sampling depth. Mean comparisons were carried out to soil bulk density, % sand, % silt, % clay, total N, total P and total K. One way ANOVA was used to determine N, P and K stocks significant difference (p = 0.05) under different land use types. Also, 2-tiled Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between soil nutrient stocks, soil parameters and land use types. Accordingly, the mean values of soil physico-chemical properties were varied among land use types but none significant difference (p<0.05) was observed for N, P and K stock. Because, soil nutrient management practices applied to each land use types are not adequate to improve soil nutrient stocks and compensate losses. There was a positive correlation between some soil physico-chemical properties, nutrient stocks and land use types. Therefore, to improve soil nutrient stocks and availability of nutrients for plants in order to achieve food security intensive soil nutrient management practice across land use types are compulsory. © 2011 Academic Journals Inc.	Land use types; N; Nutrient depletion; P and K stock; Soil physico-chemical properties	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887963275	Evaluation of the effect of various drying techniques on the composition of the psychoactive phenylpropylamino alkaloids of khat (catha edulis forsk) chewing leaves	Atlabachew M., Chandravanshi B.S., Redi-Abshiro M., Torto N., Chigome S., Pule B.O.	2013	Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia	27	3	10.4314/bcse.v27i3.3	Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Program of Chemistry, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Atlabachew, M., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Program of Chemistry, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Chandravanshi, B.S., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Redi-Abshiro, M., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Torto, N., Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Chigome, S., Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Pule, B.O., Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	ABSTRACT. The study demonstrated that by freezing or drying under different conditions, cathinone could be detected in the khat (Catha edulis Forsk) samples that have been harvested for more than four months. Freeze drying or freezing in the refrigerator (-20 °C) yielded more than 73% of cathinone. Air drying, sun drying or oven drying at 60 °C resulted in a cathinone composition of 57%, 42% and 36%, respectively. The study confirmed that, freshly harvested tender leaves of khat contained exclusively of cathinone but upon sun drying, part of it decomposes to cathine and norephedrine leaving cathinone as a major component. Thus it is wrong to assume that sun drying the leaves can result complete conversion of cathinone to cathine and norephedrine. Furthermore, the results of the study confirmed that it was possible to preserve khat samples for longer periods after freeze drying or deep freezing without significant loss of cathinone. © 2013 Chemical Society of Ethiopia.	Alkaloids; Cathine; Cathinone; Khat; Norephedrine; Storage	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73449131144	Evaluation of the potency of certain substances as antioxidants in the assessment of red cell viability	Atolaiye B.O., Adebayo M.A., Jagha O.-O.O., Olonisakin A., Agbo C.O.	2009	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	3	6	None	Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria; HIV/AIDS Unit, World Bank, Nigeria Country Office, Asokoro, Abuja, Nigeria	Atolaiye, B.O., Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria; Adebayo, M.A., Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria; Jagha, O.-O.O., HIV/AIDS Unit, World Bank, Nigeria Country Office, Asokoro, Abuja, Nigeria; Olonisakin, A., Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria; Agbo, C.O., Department of Chemistry, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria	The effectiveness of certain antioxidant substances in the protection of red cells from oxidation and degradation with respect to their window times of survival have been analyzed using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Antioxidant substances evaluated included; vitamin A, vitamin D, mixture of vitamins A and D, various species of Kolanut, Garcinia kola, Prosopis africana beans, beans shell extracts and eugenol, an oil extract from the clove plant. In the presence of an oxidizing agent; potassium ferricyanide, lysis of red cell membrane, oxidation of exposed hemoglobin and methemoglobin formation were observed within 12 h. When the red blood cells were exposed to antioxidants, red cells were found to survive oxidation above 12 h. The window times of survival of the red cells in the presence of the antioxidants were found to be as follows: eugenol ≥ 32 h, G. kola ≥ 32 h, Cola acuminata (white) ≥ 32 h, C. acuminata (red) ≤ 20 h, C. acuminata (pink) 24 h, Cola nitida (white) 20 h, C. nitida (red) 26 h, C. nitida (pink) ≥ 32 h, Prosopis africana beans (shell extract) 30 h, P. africana (beans extract) 24 h, vitamins A and D (mixture) 30 h, vitamin D 24 h and vitamin A ≥ 32 h. A synergistic relationship between vitamins A and D was established, eugenol was the most effective while C. nitida (white) showed the least potency and therefore effectiveness. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Antioxidant potency; Evaluation; Red cell; Survival time	antioxidant; clove oil; Cola acuminata extract; Cola nitida extract; eugenol; Garcinia kola exract; hemoglobin; methemoglobin; plant extract; potassium ferricyanide; prosopis africana extract; retinol; unclassified drug; vitamin D; antioxidant activity; article; cell survival; cell viability; Cola; Cola acuminata; cola nitida; controlled study; drug potency; erythrocyte; Garcinia kola; human; human cell; medicinal plant; plant seed; Prosopis; prosopis africana; Cola acuminata; Cola nitida; Garcinia kola; Prosopis africana; Syzygium aromaticum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84918769713	Isolation and evaluation of antiglycation potential of polyalthic acid (furano-terpene) from Daniella oliveri	Atolani O., Olatunji G.A.	2014	Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis	4	6	10.1016/j.jpha.2014.05.002	Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B. 3005, Redemption Camp, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	Atolani, O., Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B. 3005, Redemption Camp, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria, Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Olatunji, G.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria	A furano-diterpene (polyalthic acid) was isolated as a major stable compound for the first time from the oleoresin of the Daniella oliveri of the family Caesalpiniacea through column chromatography fractionation. Polyalthic acid was characterized using data obtained from EIMS, HREIMS, ESI-MS, MALDI-MS as well as 1D and 2D NMR and it was evaluated for its potential to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) using a standard in vitro antiglycation procedure. Polyalthic acid indicated a negative antiglycation potential compared to standard inhibitor that has 85% inhibition, which is an indication that polyalthic acid may not contribute to the antiglycation activity of the plant as acclaimed in folkloric medicine. The negative antiglycation observed could indicate that the polyalthic acid could trigger glycation, thereby subjecting users to various degrees of complications. The bioactivity evaluation on molinspiration evaluator indicated that polyalthic acid could be a potential drug candidate. The biological and chemical insights gained on polyalthic acid provide a good basis for future research. © 2014 Xi'an Jiaotong University.	Antiglycation; Daniella oliveria; Furano-diterpene; Matrix assistedlaser desorption/ionization (MALDI); Polyalthic acid	advanced glycation end product; furan derivative; hydrogen; polyalthic acid; rutoside; terpene derivative; unclassified drug; antiglycation activity; Article; biological activity; Caesalpinia; controlled study; Daniella oliveri; deciduous plant; drug activity; drug isolation; drug screening; electrospray mass spectrometry; heteronuclear multiple bond correlation; heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence; hydrogen bond; IC50; plant exudate; tree	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888367458	To start and quit smoking cigarettes: An evaluation of students in a nigerian city	Atoyebi O.A., Ibirongbe D.O., Babatunde O.A., Atoyebi O.E.	2013	Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene	54	2	None	Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Center, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Medical Center, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Center, P.M.B 201, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria	Atoyebi, O.A., Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Center, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria, Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Center, P.M.B 201, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria; Ibirongbe, D.O., Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Center, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria; Babatunde, O.A., Department of Community Medicine, Federal Medical Center, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria; Atoyebi, O.E., Department of Ophthalmology, Federal Medical Center, Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria	Introduction: Several factors have been shown to influence cigarette smoking and are important in creating measures for tobacco control. The aim of this study is to identify the factors responsible for making decisions to start or stop cigarette smoking among students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which sampled 280 youths in tertiary institutions using multi-stage sampling technique. The data was collected using self- administered questionnaire that had been pretested and validated. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16. Frequency tables and cross-tabulations were generated with a 95% confidence interval and predetermined p-value at less than 0.05. Results: All the current smokers (100%) were males, most (73.2%) were within 21 to 25 years of age and 87.8% of them had a relative or friend who smoked. Some (29%) of the students who currently smoked were willing to quit smoking while 73.2% of them had ever attempted to quit smoking. Students who smoked to relieve stress were willing to stop smoking (100.0%), while 40% of those who smoked for pleasure/relaxation were willing to stop smoking. Students who had received lectures on smoking were significantly willing to quit (100.0%) compared with those who had not received such lectures (0.0%) (p=0.000). Discussion: Understanding the role of the factors associated with smoking initiating and cessation is very crucial in planning appropriate intervention for the control of cigarette smoking among the youths and there is need for more youth oriented health education directed towards a proper attitude to tobacco control.	Tobacco; University; Youths	adult; article; control strategy; cross-sectional study; evaluation research; female; human; leisure; male; Nigeria; normal human; peer pressure; pleasure; questionnaire; research student; smoking cessation; smoking habit	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926282757	The impact of telecommunication revenue on economic growth: Evidence from Ghana	Atsu F., Agyei C., Darbi W.P., Adjei-Mensah S.	2014	African Journal of Economic and Management Studies	5	2	10.1108/AJEMS-10-2011-0076	Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Achimota - Accra, Ghana	Atsu, F., Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Achimota - Accra, Ghana; Agyei, C., Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Achimota - Accra, Ghana; Darbi, W.P., Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Achimota - Accra, Ghana; Adjei-Mensah, S., Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Achimota - Accra, Ghana	Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-run impact of telecommunications revenue and telecommunications investment on economic growth of Ghana for the time horizon 1976-2007. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses the Augmented Dickey Fuller and Phillips Perron unit root test to explore the stationarity property of the variables and the Engle-Granger residual-based test of cointegration to model an appropriate restricted error correction model. Findings – The outcome of the analysis produced mixed results. Telecommunications revenue does not contribute significantly whilst telecommunications investment does. Practical implications – Policy makers will have to deal with a conundrum; while designing targeted policies that will attract more telecommunication investment in order to maximize the corresponding revenues and the economic growth it brings in its wake, they must at the same time find ways and resources to grow the economy to a point or threshold where revenue from telecommunications can have the much needed impact on their economies. Originality/value – The study is one of the first that has investigated the line of causality between telecommunication revenue and economic growth unlike previous research that mainly focused on the impact of telecommunication infrastructure on economic development. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Cointegration; Economic growth; Engle-Granger residual-based test; Restricted error correction model; Telecommunications investment; Telecommunications revenue	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350266897	Formulation and in vitro evaluation of a PEGylated microscopic lipospheres delivery system for ceftriaxone sodium	Attama A.A., Okafor C.E., Builders P.F., Okorie O.	2009	Drug Delivery	16	8	10.3109/10717540903334959	Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Material Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Developme	Attama, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Okafor, C.E., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Builders, P.F., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Material Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Idu-Abuja, Nigeria; Okorie, O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria	The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate in vitro, ceftriaxone sodium lipospheres dispersions for oral administration. Ceftriaxone sodium lipospheres were prepared by melt-emulsification using 30%w/w Phospholipon ® 90H in Softisan® 154 as the lipid matrix containing increasing quantities of PEG 4000 (10, 20, 30, and 40%w/w). Characterization based on particle size, particle morphology, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity and pH were carried out on the lipospheres. Microbiological studies of the ceftriaxone sodium-loaded lipospheres were performed using Escherichia coli as the model organism. In vitro permeation of ceftriaxone sodium from the lipospheres through artificial membrane (0.22μm pore size) was carried out using Franz cell and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) without pancreatin as acceptor medium. Photomicrographs revealed spherical particles within a micrometer range with minimal growth after 1 month (Maximum size=64.76±3.81μm). Microbiological studies indicated that lipospheres formulated with 20%w/w of PEG 4000 containing 2%w/w or 3%w/w of ceftriaxone sodium gave significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher inhibition zone diameter than those with 30%w/w or 40%w/w of PEG 4000. The result also indicated that lipospheres with 10%w/w PEG 4000 resulted in significantly higher encapsulation efficiency (p&lt;0.05) while those with 30%w/w gave the least, while the loading capacity values ranged from 3.22mg of ceftriaxone sodium/100mg of lipid to 6.36mg of ceftriaxone sodium/100mg of lipid. Permeation coefficient values varied and ranged from 8.55×10-7 cm/s to 2.08×10-6 cm/s depending on the concentration of PEG 4000. The result of this study gave insight that the issue of ceftriaxone stability in oral formulation could be adequately addressed by tactical engineering of lipid drug delivery systems such as lipospheres. © 2009 Informa UK Ltd.	Ceftriaxone sodium; Drug release; Lipospheres; PEGylation; Permeation; Phospholipid	avicef; ceftriaxone; macrogol 4000; palm oil; phosphatidylcholine; softisan; unclassified drug; article; artificial membrane; controlled study; drug delivery system; drug formulation; drug penetration; emulsion; encapsulation; Escherichia coli; intestine fluid; microphotography; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; particle size; pH; priority journal; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftriaxone; Cell Membrane Permeability; Drug Carriers; Drug Compounding; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Stability; Escherichia coli; Membranes, Artificial; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microspheres; Particle Size; Phospholipids; Polyethylene Glycols; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957882249	Evaluation of the wound healing activity of gel formulations of leaf extract of Aspila Africana fam. Compositae	Attama A.A., Uzor P.F., Nnadi C.O., Okafor C.G.	2011	Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research	3	3	None	Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nig	Attama, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Uzor, P.F., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Nnadi, C.O., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Okafor, C.G., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	The methanol leaf extract of Aspila africana formulated as gels was studied for its potency on experimentally-induced wound in rats. Wounds were inflicted on Wistar rats using excision model. The extract was formulated as hydrogel and xerogel. The wound healing effects of the formulations were compared to that of a standard antibiotic, Cicatrin® together with the gel bases. In all cases, there was a progressive decrease in wound area with time. A 100% wound closure was observed by the 17 th day post wound day in both gel formulations of the extract and the standard. It was concluded that the extract formulated in gel forms were effective in healing wounds.	Aspila africana; Gel formulation; Hydrogel; Wound healing; Xerogel	antibiotic agent; Aspila africana extract; cicatrin; methanol; plant extract; unclassified drug; article; Aspila africana; controlled study; drug activity; drug effect; drug formulation; drug potency; drug screening; excision; familia; gel; hydrogel; nonhuman; plant; plant leaf; rat; Wistar rat; wound closure; wound healing; xerogel	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-26444465627	In vitro evaluation of drug release from self micro-emulsifying drug delivery systems using a biodegradable homolipid from Capra hircus	Attama A.A., Nkemnele M.O.	2005	International Journal of Pharmaceutics	304	02-Jan	10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.08.018	Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	Attama, A.A., Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Nkemnele, M.O., Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	Self micro-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) are specialized form of delivery systems in which drugs are encapsulated in a lipid base with or without a pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant. In this work, SMEDDS were formulated with a biodegradable homolipid from Capra hircus and Tween 65, and contained lipophilic drug-piroxicam, hydrophilic drug-chlorpheniramine maleate and hydrolipophilic drug-metronidazole. The SMEDDS formulated were evaluated for their drug release and drug content. The drug release studies were conducted in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), and distilled water, representing different pH values. Particle size of the SMEDDS was determined by light microscopy. The results of this study indicated that drug release was affected by the particle size of the SMEDDS. It was found that piroxicam release from the SMEDDS formulated with homolipids from Capra hircus was highest in SIF compared to the other drugs. This method of drug delivery could prove to be a versatile and reliable alternative to conventional drug delivery approaches. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Biodegradable; Drug release; Homolipids; Self micro-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS); SGF; SIF	base; capra hircus homolipid; chlorpheniramine maleate; lipid; metronidazole; piroxicam; polymer; surfactant; tween 65; unclassified drug; adipose tissue; article; biodegradable implant; drug delivery system; drug formulation; drug release; emulsion; encapsulation; goat; hydrophilicity; in vitro study; intestine fluid; lipophilicity; microscopy; particle size; pH; priority journal; simulation; stomach juice; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Biodegradation, Environmental; Chlorpheniramine; Drug Carriers; Emulsions; Gastric Juice; Goats; Humans; Intestinal Secretions; Lipids; Metronidazole; Models, Biological; Particle Size; Piroxicam; Solubility	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41349106751	Diclofenac sodium delivery to the eye: In vitro evaluation of novel solid lipid nanoparticle formulation using human cornea construct	Attama A.A., Reichl S., Müller-Goymann C.C.	2008	International Journal of Pharmaceutics	355	02-Jan	10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.12.007	Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria	Attama, A.A., Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Reichl, S., Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Müller-Goymann, C.C., Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany	Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were prepared with a combination of homolipid from goat (goat fat) and phospholipid, and evaluated for diclofenac sodium (DNa) delivery to the eye using bio-engineered human cornea, produced from immortalized human corneal endothelial cells (HENC), stromal fibroblasts and epithelial cells CEPI 17 CL 4. Encapsulation efficiency was high and sustained release of DNa and high permeation through the bio-engineered cornea were achieved. Results obtained in this work showed that permeation of DNa through the cornea construct was improved by formulation as SLN modified with phospholipid. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Diclofenac sodium; Drug permeation; Human cornea construct; Ocular drug delivery; Solid lipid nanoparticles; Surface modification	diclofenac; phosphatidylcholine; solid lipid nanoparticle; article; cornea; differential scanning calorimetry; drug delivery system; drug formulation; drug instillation; drug penetration; drug release; encapsulation; eye; human; in vitro study; particle size; priority journal; X ray diffraction; zeta potential; Algorithms; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Biological Transport, Active; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cornea; Diclofenac; Drug Compounding; Eye; Humans; Lipids; Nanoparticles; Particle Size; Permeability; Solubility; Tissue Engineering; X-Ray Diffraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939240594	The impact of fiscal and monetary policies on unemployment problem in Nigeria (Managerial economic perspective)	Attamah N., Anthony I., Ukpere W.I.	2015	Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions	5	2CONT1	None	Economics Department, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Nigeria; University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Department of Industrial Psychology and people Management, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Attamah, N., Economics Department, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT), Nigeria; Anthony, I., University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria; Ukpere, W.I., Department of Industrial Psychology and people Management, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	This paper investigates the impact of fiscal and Monetary Policies on Unemployment Problem in Nigeria and covers the periods 1980 to 2013. To achieve this, fiscal policy was captured here by government expenditures and revenues respectively while monetary policy was proxied by broad Money Supply (M2), Interest and Exchange rates respectively. The methodology adopted was econometric analysis employing OLS techniques and unit roots of the series were examined using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller after which the co-integration tests was conducted using the Engle Granger approach. Error correction models were estimated to take care of the short run dynamics. It was found that while government expenditure had a positive relationship with unemployment problem in Nigeria, the result of government revenue was negative and insignificant on unemployment problem. For monetary policy, it was found that money supply and exchange rate had positive and significant impact while interest rate has only a positive relationship on unemployment problem in Nigeria. This meets the a priori expectation. The study also revealed that increases in interest and exchange rates escalate unemployment by increasing cost of production which discourages the private sector from employing large workforce. On the other hand, national productivity measured by real GDP had a negative and significant impact on unemployment rate in Nigeria. This paper recommends that for an effective combat to unemployment problem in Nigeria, there should be a systematic diversion of strategies, thus more emphasis should be laid on aggressively pursuing entrepreneurial development and increased productivity. Again government should aggressively focus on investment, employment generation and economic growth that has mechanism to trickle does to the masses. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Fiscal; Monetary; Productivity global recession; Unemployment rate; Unit root	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55649120019	Evaluation of supplementary stevia (Stevia rebaudiana, bertoni) leaves and stevioside in broiler diets: Effects on feed intake, nutrient metabolism, blood parameters and growth performance	Atteh J.O., Onagbesan O.M., Tona K., Decuypere E., Geuns J.M.C., Buyse J.	2008	Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition	92	6	10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00760.x	Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; Laboratory for Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animals, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; Laboratory for Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium	Atteh, J.O., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, Laboratory for Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animals, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; Onagbesan, O.M., Laboratory for Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animals, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; Tona, K., Laboratory for Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animals, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; Decuypere, E., Laboratory for Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animals, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; Geuns, J.M.C., Laboratory for Functional Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; Buyse, J., Laboratory for Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animals, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium	A perennial schrub, stevia, and its extracts are used as a natural sweetener and have been shown to possess antimicrobial properties. Stevia contains high levels of sweetening glycosides including stevioside which is thought to possess antimicrobial and antifungal properties. Little is known about the nutritional value of the schrub in livestock. This study determined the potential use of the shrub as a prebiotic animal feed supplement in light of the recent ban on the use of antibiotics in animal feed and the role of its constituent stevioside in the effects of the shrub. Male Cobb broiler chicks were fed a basal broiler diet without antibiotic but with performance enhancing enzyme mix (positive control), a basal diet without antibiotic and enzymes (negative control), or diets in which 2% of the negative control diet was replaced with either dried ground stevia leaves or 130 ppm pure stevioside during 2 week starter and 2 week grower periods. Body weight gains, feed conversion, abdominal fat deposition, plasma hormone and metabolites and caecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were measured in the broilers at 2 and 4 weeks of age. There was no significant effect of the treatments on feed intake during the starter period but birds fed diet supplemented with stevia leaves and stevioside consumed more feed (p &lt; 0.05) than those fed the positive control diet during the grower period. Weight gain by birds fed the positive control and stevioside diets was higher (p &lt; 0.05) than those fed other diets only during the starter period. Feed/gain ratio of birds fed the positive control and stevioside diets was superior (p &lt; 0.05) to others. There was no effect of the treatments on nutrient retention and water content of the excreta. Dietary stevia leave and stevioside decreased total concentration of SCFA and changed their profile in the ceca. There was no effect of the treatments on pancreas weight. Dietary stevia reduced blood levels of glucose, triglycerides and triiodothyronine (T3) but had no effect on non-esterified fatty acids. In contrast, stevioside only decreased T3. Both the stevia leaves and stevioside diets significantly increased abdominal fat content. It is concluded that dietary enzyme growth promoters are beneficial to the broilers only during the starter stage and that inclusion of stevia leaves or stevioside has no beneficial effect on the performance of broilers. © 2008 The Authors.	Blood parameters; Broiler chickens; Feed supplement; Growth; Stevia	antiinfective agent; fatty acid; glucoside; kaurane derivative; probiotic agent; stevioside; volatile fatty acid; animal; animal food; article; body composition; cecum; chemistry; chicken; drug effect; eating; growth, development and aging; male; metabolism; nutritional value; physiology; plant leaf; randomization; Stevia; weight gain; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Composition; Cecum; Chickens; Diterpenes, Kaurane; Eating; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Glucosides; Male; Nutritive Value; Plant Leaves; Probiotics; Random Allocation; Stevia; Weight Gain; Animalia; Aves; Gallus gallus; Stevia rebaudiana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896982278	Evaluation of Al-Cu-Mg alloy/bean pod ash nanoparticles synthesis by double layer feeding-stir casting method	Atuanya C.U., Aigbodion V.S.	2014	Journal of Alloys and Compounds	601	None	10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.02.086	Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Atuanya, C.U., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria; Aigbodion, V.S., Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	The evaluation of the microstructure and properties of Al-Cu-Mg alloy/bean pod ash (BPA) nanoparticles synthesis by double layer feeding and stir casting method was investigated. The aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) were produced by varying the BPA nanoparticles from 1 to 4 wt%. The microstructure and phases of the composites produced were examined by SEM/EDS and XRD. Properties such as density, hardness, tensile strength and impact energy were evaluated. The results showed that good interfacial bonding was achieved between the alloy and the bean pod ash nanoparticles. The tensile strength and hardness values increased by 35% and 44.1% at 4 wt% BPA nanoparticles with appreciable impact energy. The mechanical properties of the as-cast aluminum nanoparticles (MMNCs) have been improved significantly even with a low weight percent of nano-sized BPAp. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Al-Cu-Mg alloy; Bean pod ash nanoparticles; Mechanical properties; Microstructures	Aluminum; Hardness; Mechanical properties; Microstructure; Nanoparticles; Tensile strength; Al-Cu-Mg alloys; Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs); Aluminum nanoparticles; Hardness values; Interfacial bonding; Microstructure and properties; Nanoparticles synthesis; Stir casting method; Synthesis (chemical)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928615589	Understanding sexual and reproductive health needs of adolescents: Evidence from a formative evaluation in Wakiso district, Uganda Adolescent Health	Atuyambe L.M., Kibira S.P.S., Bukenya J., Muhumuza C., Apolot R.R., Mulogo E.	2015	Reproductive Health	12	1	10.1186/s12978-015-0026-7	Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Kampala, Uganda	Atuyambe, L.M., Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Kibira, S.P.S., Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Bukenya, J., Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Muhumuza, C., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Apolot, R.R., Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, P.O.Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Mulogo, E., Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Kampala, Uganda	Introduction: Adolescents are frequently reluctant to seek sexual and reproductive health services (SRH). In Uganda, adolescent health and development is constrained by translation of the relevant policies to practice. Recent studies done in central Uganda have shown that there is need for a critical assessment of adolescent friendly services (AFS) to gain insights on current practice and inform future interventions. This study aimed to assess the sexual reproductive health needs of the adolescents and explored their attitudes towards current services available. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in Wakiso district, central Uganda in September 2013.Twenty focus group discussions (FGDs) stratified by gender (10 out-of-school, and 10 in-school), were purposefully sampled. We used trained research assistants (moderator and note taker) who used a pretested FGD guide translated into the local language to collect data. All discussions were audio taped, and were transcribed verbatim before analysis. Thematic areas on; adolescent health problems, adolescent SRH needs, health seeking behaviour and attitudes towards services, and preferred services were explored. Data was analysed using atlas ti version 7 software. Results: Our results clearly show that adolescents have real SRH issues that need to be addressed. In and out-of-school adolescents had sexuality problems such as unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), defilement, rape, substance abuse. Unique to the females was the issue of sexual advances by older men and adolescents. We further highlight RH needs which would be solved by establishing adolescent friendly clinics with standard recommended characteristics (sexuality information, friendly health providers, a range of good clinical services such as post abortion care etc.). With regard to health seeking behaviour, most adolescents do not take any action at first until disease severity increase. Conclusions: Adolescents in Uganda have multiple sexual and reproductive health needs that require special focus through adolescent friendly services. This calls for resource support in terms of health provider training, information education and communication materials as well as involvement of key stakeholders that include parents, teachers and legislators. © 2015 Atuyambe et al.; licensee BioMed Central.	Adolescent; Needs; Reproductive health; Sexual; Uganda	abortion; adolescent; adolescent behavior; adolescent health; adolescent sexual behavior; adult; Article; child; circumcision; condom use; disease severity; female; health care need; health education; help seeking behavior; human; major clinical study; male; qualitative research; rape; reproductive health; sexual education; sexual health; sexuality; sexually transmitted disease; substance abuse; Uganda; unwanted pregnancy	None
WoS	WOS:000332851300011	Impact of Domestic Care Environment on Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Orphans in Western Kenya	Atwoli, Lukoye,Ayaya, Samuel,Ayuku, David,Braitstein, Paula,Hogan, Joseph,Koech, Julius,Vreeman, Rachel Christine	2014	PLOS ONE	9	3	10.1371/journal.pone.0089937	Brown University, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana University System, Moi University, Regenstrief Institute Inc, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), University of Toronto, USAID Acad Model Providing Access Healthcare AMPA	"Atwoli, Lukoye: Moi University","Ayaya, Samuel: Moi University","Ayuku, David: Moi University","Koech, Julius: United States Agency for International Development (USAID)",	Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the domestic care environment on the prevalence of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among orphaned and separated children in Uasin Gishu County, western Kenya. Methods: A total of 1565 (55.5% male) orphaned and separated adolescents aged 10-18 years (mean 13.8 years, sd 2.2), were assessed for PTSD and PTEs including bullying, physical abuse and sexual abuse. In this sample, 746 lived in extended family households, 746 in Charitable Children's Institutions (CCIs), and 73 on the street. Posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) scores and PTSD were assessed using the Child PTSD Checklist. Results: Bullying was the commonest PTE in all domestic care environments, followed by physical and sexual abuse. All PTEs were commonest among the street youth followed by CCIs. However, sexual abuse was more prevalent in households than in CCIs. Prevalence of PTSD was highest among street youth (28.8%), then households (15.0%) and CCIs (11.5%). PTSS scores were also highest among street youth, followed by CCIs and households. Bullying was associated with higher PTSS scores and PTSD odds than either sexual or physical abuse. Conclusion: This study demonstrated differences in distribution of trauma and PTSD among orphaned and separated children in different domestic care environments, with street youth suffering more than those in CCIs or households. Interventions are needed to address bullying and sexual abuse, especially in extended family households. Street youth, a heretofore neglected population, are urgently in need of dedicated mental health services and support.	,ADOLESCENTS,AGGRESSION,CHILDREN,FOSTER,HEALTH,HOMELESS,SOUTH-AFRICA,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",VICTIMIZATION,VIOLENCE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871821616	Phospholipon 90G Based SLMs loaded with ibuprofen: An oral antiinflammatory and gastrointestinal sparing evaluation in rats	Audu M.M., Achile P.A., Amaechi A.A.	2012	Pakistan Journal of Zoology	44	6	None	Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	Audu, M.M., Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Achile, P.A., Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Amaechi, A.A., Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria	To formulate and evaluate solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) intended for oral administration of ibuprofen. Ibuprofen-loaded solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) were prepared using hot emulsification method. Characterizations based on particles size and morphology, particles surface charges and stability and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) were carried out on the SLMs. In vitro release of Ibuprofen was performed in phosphate buffer while in vivo anti-inflammatory activity and GI sparing effect were carried out in rats. Maximum encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of 89±0.2, 84±0.1, and 93±0.4 for A1-A3, while 81±0.0, 84±0.3 and 94±0.1 were obtained for B1-B3, respectively. Stable, spherical and smooth SLMs of size range 21.1±0.2 μm to 34.2±1.4 μm were produced. The release of ibuprofen in phosphate buffer varied widely with the lipid contents. Moreover, significant (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory activity of 65.9, 55.9 and 85.2 % for A1-A3 and 51.3, 65.1, 72.1% for B1-B3 within 6 h respectively were observed. Maximum gastrointestinal (GI) protection of 98, 94, 72 and 71% were observed in batch A3, B3, A1and B1 as compared to 62, 69 and 10 % observed in A2, B2 and the conventional tablet. Thus, SLMsbased on P90G and Beeswax would likely offer a reliable means of delivering ibuprofen orally and prevent GI side effect. Copyright © 2012 Zoological Society of Pakistan.	Anti-inflammatory; Ibuprofen; SLMS; SRMS	drug; lipid; morphology; particle size; particulate matter; phosphate; rodent; stabilization; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-72649089149	Post-issue operating performance of firms listing on the JSE	Auret C.J., Britten J.H.C.	2008	Investment Analysts Journal	68	1	None	Department of Business Finance, School of Economics and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa	Auret, C.J., Department of Business Finance, School of Economics and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa; Britten, J.H.C., Department of Business Finance, School of Economics and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349333672	The impact of nile crocodiles on rural livelihoods in northeastern Namibia	Aust P., Boyle B., Fergusson R., Coulson T.	2009	South African Journal of Wildlife Research	39	1	10.3957/056.039.0107	Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Crocodile Conservation and Consulting (Pty) Ltd, Private Bag X0001, Ballito, 4420, South Africa	Aust, P., Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Boyle, B., Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Fergusson, R., Crocodile Conservation and Consulting (Pty) Ltd, Private Bag X0001, Ballito, 4420, South Africa; Coulson, T., Crocodile Conservation and Consulting (Pty) Ltd, Private Bag X0001, Ballito, 4420, South Africa	Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) are one of the few dangerous predators regularly found outside protected wildlife areas. This is particularly so In northeastern Namibia where an extensive network of rivers and wetlands coupled with successful conservation measures has allowed crocodile populations to flourish since uncontrolled exploitation ended over three decades ago. This area is predominantly communal land characterized by numerous subsistence communities dependent on river and wetland resources. In recent years, the combination of a growing human population and resurgent crocodile populations has resulted in considerable conflict between humans and crocodiles. The principle objective of this study was to quantify the impact of crocodiles on rural livelihoods. Data were obtained from existing records and through community surveys on the lower Kavango, Chobe and Kwando rivers and upper Zambezi River. Existing estimates suggest an annual loss of ∼255 domestic cattle per year for northeastern Namibia whilst community survey estimates suggest a substantially greater annual loss of ∼6864 cattle per year. Community surveys also revealed conflict between crocodiles and artisinal fishermen, with an estimated 71 500 fishing nets damaged by crocodiles per year. Human-crocodile conflict in Namibia may have greater impacts than previously assumed, and may undermine conservation and development objectives.	Cattle; Conflict; Net damage; Nile crocodile; Northeastern Namibia; Rural livelihoods	conservation; crocodilian; human settlement; nature-society relations; predator; rural population; survey; wetland; Africa; Namibia; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Alligator; Bos; Bos taurus; Crocodylidae (all crocodiles); Crocodylus niloticus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884622877	Association of the ANRS-12126 Male Circumcision Project with HIV Levels among Men in a South African Township: Evaluation of Effectiveness using Cross-sectional Surveys	Auvert B., Taljaard D., Rech D., Lissouba P., Singh B., Bouscaillou J., Peytavin G., Mahiane S.G., Sitta R., Puren A., Lewis D.	2013	PLoS Medicine	10	9	10.1371/journal.pmed.1001509	UMRS-1018, CESP, INSERM Villejuif, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne, France; University of Versailles-Saint Quentin, Versailles, France; Progressus, Johannesburg, South Africa; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat - Claude-Bernard, Paris, France; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Auvert, B., UMRS-1018, CESP, INSERM Villejuif, France, AP-HP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne, France, University of Versailles-Saint Quentin, Versailles, France; Taljaard, D., Progressus, Johannesburg, South Africa; Rech, D., Progressus, Johannesburg, South Africa; Lissouba, P., UMRS-1018, CESP, INSERM Villejuif, France; Singh, B., National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Bouscaillou, J., UMRS-1018, CESP, INSERM Villejuif, France; Peytavin, G., AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat - Claude-Bernard, Paris, France; Mahiane, S.G., Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Sitta, R., UMRS-1018, CESP, INSERM Villejuif, France; Puren, A., National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Lewis, D., National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background:Randomized controlled trials have shown that voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) reduces HIV infection by 50% to 60% in sub-Saharan African populations; however, little is known about the population-level effect of adult male circumcision (MC) as an HIV prevention method. We assessed the effectiveness of VMMC roll-out on the levels of HIV in the South African township of Orange Farm where the first randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the effect of VMMC on HIV acquisition was conducted in 2002-2005.Methods and Findings:The Bophelo Pele project is a community-based campaign against HIV, which includes the roll-out of free VMMC. A baseline cross-sectional biomedical survey was conducted in 2007-2008 among a random sample of 1,998 men aged 15 to 49 (survey response rate 80.7%). In 2010-2011, we conducted a follow-up random survey among 3,338 men aged 15 to 49 (survey response rate 79.6%) to evaluate the project. Participants were interviewed, blood samples were collected and tested for HIV and recent HIV infection (using the BED HIV incidence assay), and MC status was assessed through a clinical examination. Data were analyzed using multivariate and propensity statistical methods.Owing to the VMMCs performed in the context of the RCT and the Bophelo Pele project, the prevalence rate of adult MC increased from 0.12 (95% CI 0.10-0.14) to 0.53 (95% CI 0.51-0.55). Without these VMMCs, the HIV prevalence rate in 2010-2011 would have been 19% (95% CI 12%-26%) higher (0.147 instead of 0.123).When comparing circumcised and uncircumcised men, no association of MC status with sexual behavior was detected. Among circumcised and uncircumcised men, the proportion consistently using condoms with non-spousal partners in the past 12 months was 44.0% (95% CI 41.7%-46.5%) versus 45.4% (95% CI 42.2%-48.6%) with weighted prevalence rate ratio (wPRR) = 0.94 (95% CI 0.85-1.03). The proportion having two or more non-spousal partners was 50.4% (95% CI 47.9%-52.9%) versus 44.2% (95% CI 41.3%-46.9%) with wPRR = 1.03 (95% CI 0.95-1.10).We found a reduction of BED-estimated HIV incidence rate ranging from 57% (95% CI 29%-76%) to 61% (95% CI 14%-83%) among circumcised men in comparison with uncircumcised men.Conclusions:Findings suggest that the roll-out of VMMC in Orange Farm is associated with a significant reduction of HIV levels in the community. The main limitation of the study is that it was not randomized and cannot prove a causal association. The roll-out of VMMC among adults in sub-Saharan Africa should be an international priority and needs to be accelerated to effectively combat the spread of HIV.Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary. © 2013 Auvert et al.	None	antiretrovirus agent; adolescent; adult; article; circumcision; condom use; controlled study; cross-sectional study; disease association; evaluation; follow up; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; incidence; infection rate; male; outcome assessment; prevalence; questionnaire; randomized controlled trial; sexual behavior; South Africa; Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Circumcision, Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Follow-Up Studies; Health Surveys; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunoassay; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Sexual Behavior; South Africa; Time Factors; Young Adult	OPP1021324, BandMGF, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928650100	Development and evaluation of liquid oral phytoformulation of Phyllanthus amarus	Avbunudiogba J.A., Alalor C.A., Builders P.F., Odozie S.	2013	Journal of Pharmacy Research	6	9	10.1016/j.jopr.2013.08.029	Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Materials Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Devel	Avbunudiogba, J.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Alalor, C.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Builders, P.F., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Materials Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Odozie, S., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria	Background: The leaves of Phyllanthus amarus (family: Euphorbiaceae) is reported to have good medicinal values such as antitussive properties. However the extract of the plant is very bitter, this constitutes a challenge in formulating an acceptable oral liquid dosage form. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a pleasant tasting liquid preparation of the extract by a taste masking technique as well as evaluate some physicochemical properties of the formulation that relate to its stability. Methods: Six formulations (A-F) of the extract were prepared. To obtain the most stable and acceptable taste of the herbal syrup the physicochemical properties such as: colour, taste, pH, specific gravity, as well as its antioxidant activity were evaluated. Results and discussion: Formulation C which contains ethanol, citric acid, glycerin and syrup BP as the taste masking agents was adjudged to have the most acceptable taste and stability. Generally formulations C showed a pH of 6.61±0.02 and 6.62±0.04, specific gravity of 1.24±0.02g/ml and 1.28±0.01g/ml immediately after formulation and after storage for 10 weeks respectively. Conclusion: Formulating P. amarus extract with ethanol, citric acid, glycerin and syrup BP produced palatable and stable herbal syrup. © 2013 JPR Solutions.	Antitussive property; Aqueous extract; Herbal syrup; Phyllanthus amarus; Phytochemical properties	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; alcohol; citric acid; glycerol; Phyllanthus amarus extract; water; antioxidant activity; Article; color; drug formulation; drug stability; drug storage; drug synthesis; herbal medicine; nonhuman; pH; physical chemistry; plant leaf; plant stem; qualitative research; relative density; room temperature; solvent extraction; syrup; taste	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052208945	Impact of the phonon coupling on the dipole strength and radiative neutron capture	Avdeenkov A., Goriely S., Kamerdzhiev S.	2011	Journal of the Korean Physical Society	59	23	10.3938/jkps.59.967	National Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stellenbosch Institute of Advanced Study, 7602, South Africa; Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation; Institut d'Astronomie et d'Astrophysique, ULB, CP 226, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Physics and Power Engineering, 249033, Obninsk, Russian Federation	Avdeenkov, A., National Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stellenbosch Institute of Advanced Study, 7602, South Africa, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation; Goriely, S., Institut d'Astronomie et d'Astrophysique, ULB, CP 226, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Kamerdzhiev, S., Institute of Physics and Power Engineering, 249033, Obninsk, Russian Federation	The E1 strength functions and radiative capture cross sections for several compound Sn isotopes, including unstable 132Sn and 150Sn, have been calculated using the self-consistent microscopic theory. In addition to the standard RPA or QRPA approaches, the method includes the quasiparticle-phonon coupling and the single-particle continuum. The results obtained show that the phonon contribution significantly affects the pygmy dipole resonance, which is of particular relevance for a proper description of the radiative neutron capture. The impact of the phonon coupling on the pygmy dipole resonance and the radiative neutron capture cross sections increases with the (N -Z) difference. For example, in the (0-10) MeV interval the full theory gives 17% of the energy- weighted sum rule for 150Sn and 2:8% for 124Sn, whereas the continuum QRPA approach gives 5:1% and 1:7%, respectively. These results indicate the importance the self-consistent calculation can have, especially when applied to neutron-rich nuclei of astrophysical interest. The comparison with the widely-used phenomenological Generalized Lorentzian approach shows that the (Q)RPA approach gives an increase in the neutron capture cross section by a factor of 2 for 132Sn and a factor of 10 for 150Sn and that the inclusion of the phonon coupling still increases these cross sections even furhter, by a factor of 2-3.	Phonon coupling; Radiative neutron capture cross sections	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954730526	Impact of the phonon coupling on the radiative neutron capture	Avdeenkov A.V., Goriely S., Kamerdzhiev S.P.	2010	Physics of Atomic Nuclei	73	7	10.1134/S1063778810070057	National Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stellenbosch Institute of Advanced Study, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Institute d'Astronomie et d'Astrophysique, Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Physics and Power Engineering, Obninsk, Russian Federation	Avdeenkov, A.V., National Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stellenbosch Institute of Advanced Study, Stellenbosch, South Africa, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Goriely, S., Institute d'Astronomie et d'Astrophysique, Brussels, Belgium; Kamerdzhiev, S.P., Institute of Physics and Power Engineering, Obninsk, Russian Federation	Inclusion of the coupling of quasiparticle degrees of freedom with phonon degrees is a natural extention of the standard QRPA approach. The paper presents the quantitative impact of this phonon coupling on the dipole strength and radiative neutron capture for the stable 124Sn and very exotic 150Sn isotopes, as an illustration, using the self-consistent version of the Extended Theory of Finite Fermi Systems. It was found that the phonon contribution to the pygmy-dipole resonance and radiative neutron capture cross section is increased with the (N - Z) difference growth. The results show that the self-consistent nuclear structure calculations are important for unstable nuclei, where phenomenological approaches do not work. © 2010 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943570139	Diagnosis of O. volvulus infection via skin exposure to diethylcarbamazine: Clinical evaluation of a transdermal delivery technology-based patch	Awadzi K., Opoku N.O., Attah S.K., Lazdins-Helds J.K., Kuesel A.C.	2015	Parasites and Vectors	8	1	10.1186/s13071-015-1122-9	Onchocerciasis Chemotherapy Research Centre, Hohoe, Ghana; Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/ WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland	Awadzi, K., Onchocerciasis Chemotherapy Research Centre, Hohoe, Ghana; Opoku, N.O., Onchocerciasis Chemotherapy Research Centre, Hohoe, Ghana; Attah, S.K., Onchocerciasis Chemotherapy Research Centre, Hohoe, Ghana, Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Lazdins-Helds, J.K., UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/ WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Kuesel, A.C., UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/ WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland	Background: Elimination of onchocerciasis in Africa is now regarded as an achievable goal in many areas. This makes monitoring changes in infection prevalence a key component of control programmes. Monitoring is currently based on determining the presence of O. volvulus microfilariae in skin snips, an invasive, labour-intensive method. The Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP) had established procedures to detect O. volvulus infections via the localized skin reaction induced by killing of microfilariae upon skin exposure to diethylcarbamazine via a patch (OCP-patch). Large scale OCP - patch use is difficult due to labour-intensive patch preparation. At the request of TDR, a manufacturer specialized in transdermal-delivery systems developed a ready-to-use diethylcarbamazine (DEC) containing patch (LTS-2 patch). To qualify this patch for large scale studies of its sensitivity and specificity, this study evaluated its ease of application, ability to detect infection and DEC exposure related adverse reactions compared to the OCP-patch in 30 infected individuals. Methods: Each participant with 0.2-36.8 O. volvulus microfilariae/mg skin received the OCP-patch and 4 days later the LTS-2 patch at the left and right iliac crest, respectively, for 24 h. Presence and characteristics of local skin reactions were assessed at patch removal and 6 h later. Skin reaction and Mazzotti reaction rates were compared with Fisher's exact and a paired t-test, respectively. Results: The LTS-2 patch could be applied within 10 s. Mild itching occured at 63.3 % of OCP-patch (duration 8.9∈±∈11.8 h) and 26.7 % of LTS-2 patch sites (duration 1.0∈±∈2.5 h) and was the most frequent Mazzotti reaction. At patch removal after 24 h, a diagnostic local skin reaction was present under 90 % of OCP-patches and 83 % of LTS-2 patches; 6 h later, it was present at 93 % of OCP-patch and 100 % of LTS-2 patch sites. Conclusions: The data suggest that safety, tolerability and ability to detect infections of the LTS-2 patch are comparable to those of the OCP-patch. They qualify the LTS-2 patch for field studies to determine LTS-2 patch sensitivity, specificity and utility during large scale use and thus to inform use of the LTS-2 patch by onchocerciasis control programmes to determine prevalence of infection. Trial registration: Current controlled Trials ISRCTN76875372. © 2015 World Health Organization; licensee BioMed Central.	Africa; Diagnosis; Diethylcarbamazine patch; Onchocerciasis; Transdermal-delivery	diethylcarbamazine; adult; Article; clinical article; clinical evaluation; drug effect; drug exposure; drug safety; drug tolerability; female; human; human tissue; iliac crest; male; microfilaria (nematode larva); onchocerciasis; pruritus; sensitivity and specificity; skin edema; skin manifestation; transdermal patch	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941337682	Effect of cooling regime on the residual performance of high-volume palm oil fuel ash concrete exposed to high temperatures	Awal A.S.M.A., Shehu I.A., Ismail M.	2015	Construction and Building Materials	98	None	10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.09.001	Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Building, Federal Polytechnic, PMB 55Bida Niger State, Nigeria	Awal, A.S.M.A., Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia; Shehu, I.A., Department of Building, Federal Polytechnic, PMB 55Bida Niger State, Nigeria; Ismail, M., Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia	This paper presents the experimental findings of a study on the effect of cooling method on the residual performance of concrete containing a high volume of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) exposed to high temperatures. In this study, concrete samples were made in which the ordinary Portland cement was replaced by 50%, 60% and 70% POFA. The test specimens were then thermally treated to elevated temperatures of 200, 400, 600 and 800 °C in an electric furnace for a period of 1 h. The specimens were cured by air cooling or water cooling and examined for ultrasonic pulse velocity and changes in weight and residual compressive strength. At higher temperatures, the reduction in the ultrasonic pulse velocity of concrete was higher for all of the mixes. Along with the loss of weight, the residual compressive strength of concrete was also reduced. Of the two regimes, the air-cooling system exhibited better performance in recovering the structural properties of concrete containing a high volume of POFA. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.	Cooling regime; Elevated temperature; High volume; Palm oil fuel ash; Residual performance	Air; Compressive strength; Concretes; Cooling; Electric furnaces; Fuels; Light velocity; Oil shale; Palm oil; Portland cement; Residual fuels; Ultrasonics; Cooling regimes; Elevated temperature; High volumes; Ordinary Portland cement; Properties of concretes; Residual compressive strength; Residual performance; Ultrasonic pulse velocity; High performance concrete	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896732702	Potential impacts of climate and environmental change on the stored water of Lake Victoria Basin and economic implications	Awange J.L., Anyah R., Agola N., Forootan E., Omondi P.	2013	Water Resources Research	49	12	10.1002/2013WR014350	Western Australian Centre for Geodesy, Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Graduate School of Global Studies, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany; IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre, Nairobi, Kenya	Awange, J.L., Western Australian Centre for Geodesy, Institute for Geoscience Research, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; Anyah, R., Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Agola, N., Graduate School of Global Studies, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan; Forootan, E., Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany; Omondi, P., IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre, Nairobi, Kenya	The changing climatic patterns and increasing human population within the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB), together with overexploitation of water for economic activities call for assessment of water management for the entire basin. This study focused on the analysis of a combination of available in situ climate data, Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observations, and high resolution Regional Climate simulations during recent decade(s) to assess the water storage changes within LVB that may be linked to recent climatic variability/changes and anomalies. We employed trend analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and temporal/spatial correlations to explore the associations and covariability among LVB stored water, rainfall variability, and large-scale forcings associated with El-Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Potential economic impacts of human and climate-induced changes in LVB stored water are also explored. Overall, observed in situ rainfall from lake-shore stations showed a modest increasing trend during the recent decades. The dominant patterns of rainfall data from the TRMM satellite estimates suggest that the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation have not changed much during the period of 1998-2012 over the basin consistent with in situ observations. However, GRACEderived water storage changes over LVB indicate an average decline of 38.2 mm/yr for 2003-2006, likely due to the extension of the Owen Fall/Nalubale dam, and an increase of 4.5 mm/yr over 2007-2013, likely due to two massive rainfalls in 2006-2007 and 2010-2011. The temporal correlations between rainfall and ENSO/IOD indices during the study period, based on TRMM and model simulations, suggest significant influence of large-scale forcing on LVB rainfall, and thus stored water. The contributions of ENSO and IOD on the amplitude of TRMM-rainfall and GRACE-derived water storage changes, for the period of 2003-2013, are estimated to be ∼2.5 cm and ∼1.5 cm, respectively. © 2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.	None	Climatic variability; Economic implications; Gravity recovery and climate experiments; In-situ observations; Regional climate simulation; Spatial and temporal distribution; Temporal correlations; Tropical rainfall measuring missions; Climatology; Computer simulation; Digital storage; Economics; Geodetic satellites; Lakes; Principal component analysis; Rain gages; Water management; Rain; anthropogenic effect; basin management; climate effect; climate modeling; economic activity; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; environmental change; GRACE; lake water; numerical model; population growth; principal component analysis; rainfall; regional climate; shore (nonmarine); spatial distribution; temporal distribution; TRMM; water storage; water use; East African Lakes; Lake Victoria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82755196248	The impact of the variability of ionospheric phase refractive index on radio signals instability	Awe O.E., Adegoke J.A., Eniafe B.S.	2011	International Journal of Physical Sciences	6	30	10.5897/IJPS11.422	Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Awe, O.E., Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adegoke, J.A., Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Eniafe, B.S., Department of Physics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	The ionospheric phase refractive index is a complex function that determines the attenuation and the trajectory of radio signals through the ionosphere. This complex refractive index model has been obtained using the Maxwell's equations, the tensorial conductivity equation, electron collision models, and the geomagnetic field model. The model has been used to study and investigate the phase refractive index on radio wave propagation for high latitude, low latitude and equatorial regions of the global ionosphere, at 1400 h LT, during the periods of high solar activity (Rz = 104.5, year 1970), moderate solar activity (Rz = 68.9, year 1972) and low solar activity (Rz = 12.6, year 1976). Our results showed that ionospheric phase refractive index is not constant, less than unity, increases with increasing propagating radio frequencies and for a particular propagating radio frequency, it increases with decreasing solar activity. © 2011 Academic Journals.	Attenuation; Ionosphere; Phase refractive index; Radio signal; Solar activity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20144371727	Impact of Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation on an alluvial soil in south eastern Botswana	Aweto A.O., Moleele N.M.	2005	International Journal of Environmental Studies	62	2	10.1080/0020723042000275141	Department of Geography, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana	Aweto, A.O., Department of Geography, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Moleele, N.M., Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana	This paper examines the impact of a 33-year plantation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on an alluvial soil in Gaborone, south eastern Botswana, by comparing the soil under the plantation with similar soil under an adjoining native savanna woodland dominated by Acacia karoo. Soil clay content was significantly higher in the plantation soil in both the 0-10cm and 10-20cm layers. There were no significant differences between soil under the two ecosystems with respect to the levels of organic matter, exchangeable potassium and available phosphorus. Despite the higher clay contents of the plantation soil, exchangeable calcium and magnesium and pH were higher in soil under the native woodland. This suggests that E. camaldulensis immobilizes soil nutrients faster and that plantation nutrient cycles are less efficient than in the native Acacia woodland. Consequently, soil nutrient deficiency will limit plantation productivity after the first few rotations. It is important to adopt tree harvesting techniques that reduce drain on soil nutrients at the end of a plantation rotation. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group Ltd.	Acacia karoo; Botswana; Eucalyptus camaldulensis; Savanna; Soil nutrients	Clay; Ecosystems; Hardwoods; Harvesting; Phosphorus; Alluvial soil; Organic matters; Soil nutrient; Woodlands; Soils; Clay; Ecosystems; Eucalyptus; Harvesting; Phosphorus; Soil; Acacia; Eucalyptus camaldulensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878453654	Reproductive Impact of aqueous leaf extract of Magnifera indica (mango) leaves on some reproductive functions in female Sprague-Dawley rats	Awobajo F.O., Olatunji-Bello I.I., Ogbewey L.I.	2013	International Journal of Tropical Medicine	8	2	10.3923/ijtmed.2013.44.48	Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Nigeria	Awobajo, F.O., Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Olatunji-Bello, I.I., Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Ikeja, Nigeria; Ogbewey, L.I., Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	The reproductive impact of oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of Magnifera indica at a dose of 500 mg kg-1 was investigated. The first sets of non-gravid rats were used to study hormonal and estrous cycling pattern after extract for 4 weeks. Estrous cycle was monitored by vagina smear technique, weekly weight recorded and serum collected at the end of treatment period. The second set of gravid rats treated with the extract throughout the pregnancy period was used for the pregnancy study. Weekly weights were recorded while numbers of viable foetus and resorption sites were counted on gestational day 19 after laparotomy. In group that carried their pregnancy to term, number and weight of litter delivered were recorded. Both gravid and non-gravid rats treated with the extract experienced significant reduction in weight gained while there was also disruption of estrous cycling. Serum FSH level and litter birth weights were also significantly reduced. There was no effect on the number of viable foetus and duration of pregnancy. These results revealed that the aqueous extract of Magnifera indica disrupted oestrous cycling in female rat. The extract also interfered with weight gain with resultant reduction litter birth weight. It also produced a reduction in the FSH while increasing the estradiol level in non-pregnant rats. However, it has no significant effect on duration of pregnancy. © Medwell Journals, 2013.	Birth weight; Estradiol; Fsh; Magnifera indica; Oestrous cycle; Resorption; Viable foetus	estradiol; follitropin; Mangifera indica extract; animal experiment; article; birth weight; controlled study; estrus cycle; female; fetal well being; fetus resorption; follitropin blood level; gestation period; nonhuman; plant leaf; pregnancy; rat; reproduction; weight reduction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945972384	Evaluation and comparison of the indices of systemic oxidative stress among black-Africans with age-related cataracts or primary glaucoma	Awodele O., Oreagba I.A., Olayemi S.O., Oladipo I., Iruegbukpe C.O., Balogun B.G., Balogun M.M., Adedokun A.O.	2015	Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology	22	4	10.4103/0974-9233.167811	Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Family Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Ophthalmology, Lagos State Eye Institute, Lagos Stat	Awodele, O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Oreagba, I.A., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Olayemi, S.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Oladipo, I., Department of Family Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Iruegbukpe, C.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Balogun, B.G., Department of Ophthalmology, Lagos State Eye Institute, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Balogun, M.M., Department of Ophthalmology, Lagos State Eye Institute, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria; Adedokun, A.O., Department of Family Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	Purpose: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of glaucoma, cataract, and many degenerative diseases. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the systemic oxidative stress in black.African patients diagnosed with primary glaucoma or age.related cataract. (ARC) and compare these indices to normal control patients and between the two conditions. Methods: This was a descriptive cross.sectional study of consecutive recruited subjects attending a tertiary care facility. One hundred adults were enrolled and sub.grouped into: Normal controls. (n = 20), patients with primary glaucoma. (n = 40), and patients with cataract. (n = 40). The data were collected on patient demographics and clinical information. Ten milliliters of the venous blood was taken from each subject for the evaluation of serum biochemical indices of oxidative stress. Laboratory measurements of enzymatic and nonenzymic anti.oxidants, as well as lipid peroxidation, were conducted using established and validated spectrophotometric methods. The systemic oxidative stress was measured by the serum levels of anti.oxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation, and compared between the groups and to a control group of patients. Results: Statistically, significantly reduced serum levels of glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbic acid were found in the patients with glaucoma or cataract when compared with controls. (P < 0.05 for all). Differences in serum lipid peroxidation levels across or between the groups were nonsignificant. Serum protein levels were significantly higher among the subjects with cataract or glaucoma than in controls. Conclusion: Our results concur with findings in Caucasian study cohorts. This indicates that in black.Africans, primary glaucoma, and ARC are associated with increased systemic oxidative stress. This supports the existing evidence on the role of oxidative stress in these ocular disorders and reinforces the rationale for the use of anti.oxidants in the management and possible prevention of these conditions. © 2015 Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.	Anti-oxidants; Cataract; Glaucoma; Oxidative Stress	ascorbic acid; catalase; glutathione; glutathione transferase; lipid; superoxide dismutase; adult; African; aged; Article; comparative study; controlled study; cross-sectional study; descriptive research; enzyme blood level; female; human; lipid blood level; lipid peroxidation; major clinical study; male; oxidative stress; primary glaucoma; priority journal; senile cataract	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878781412	Preliminary antimicrobial evaluation of DAS-77® - A polyherbal medicine	Awodele O., Akindele A.J., Aniete J., Adeyemi O.O.	2013	Journal of Herbal Medicine	3	2	10.1016/j.hermed.2013.01.002	Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Awodele, O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Akindele, A.J., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Aniete, J., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Adeyemi, O.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Ethnobotanical records suggest that plants are the sleeping giants of the pharmaceutical industry and are a potential natural source of antimicrobial drugs which will provide novel or lead compounds that may be employed in controlling some infections globally. DAS-77® is a phytomedicine prepared by a traditional medicine practitioner and it is claimed to be effective in the treatment of piles, dysentery, cholera, menstrual pain, stomach disorder, ulcer, constipation, diarrhoea and sexually transmitted infections. This study was therefore aimed at scientifically evaluating the antimicrobial activity of DAS-77®. The antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract was determined using the agar-well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline were 50 μg/ml and 62.5 μg/ml, respectively, for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, while that of the extract was 100 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml respectively. However, the extract did not show any inhibitory effect against Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study showed that the extract was more active against the gram-negative bacteria than the gram-positive. However, the extract was active against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, which may provide scientific bases for the local usage of the plant in the treatment of various ailments, especially dysentery and diarrhoea. Further development of this extract to produce an antimicrobial preparation from a natural source will contribute greatly towards the delivery of effective healthcare. Further pharmacological evaluation and toxicological studies are recommended. © 2013 Elsevier GmbH.	Antimicrobial activity; DAS-77®; Diarrhoea; Dysentery; Phytomedicine	antibiotic agent; ciprofloxacin; das 77; tetracycline; unclassified drug; antimicrobial activity; article; controlled study; diarrhea; drug screening; dysentery; Enterococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; priority journal; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855990038	Toxicological evaluation of the aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae)	Awodele O., Oreagba I.A., Odoma S., Teixeira Da Silva J.A., Osunkalu V.O.	2012	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	139	2	10.1016/j.jep.2011.10.008	Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki cho, Kita gun, Ikenobe 761-0795, Japan; Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, Universi	Awodele, O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Oreagba, I.A., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Odoma, S., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Teixeira Da Silva, J.A., Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki cho, Kita gun, Ikenobe 761-0795, Japan; Osunkalu, V.O., Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria	Ethnopharmacological relevance: The rapid increase in consumption of herbal remedies worldwide has been stimulated by several factors, including the notion that all herbal products are safe and effective. However, over the past decade, several news-catching episodes in developed communities indicated adverse effects, sometimes life-threatening, allegedly arising as a consequence to taking herbal products or traditional medicines from various ethnic groups. Despite the popular use of Moringa oleifera for treating various disorders, there is limited or no scientific data available regarding safety aspects of this remedy, nor are there any documented toxicological studies that can be used to ascertain the safety index of its herbal preparation. Therefore, this present study aimed to carry out extensive toxicological evaluation of the aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera. Materials and Methods: In an acute toxicity test, male Wistar albino mice were orally administered an aqueous extract up to 6400 mg/kg and intraperitoneally up to 2000 mg/kg. A sub-chronic toxicity test was performed by daily administration with the extract at 250, 500 and 1500 mg/kg orally for 60 days. Control rats received distilled water. Sperm quality was analyzed, haematological and biochemical (liver enzymes, urea and creatinine) parameters were determined and a histopathological examination was carried out. Results: The LD 50 was estimated to be 1585 mg/kg. The extract did not elicit any significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) in sperm quality, haematological and biochemical parameters in the treated rats compared to the control. Moreover, there was no significant difference in weight gain of the control and treated animals although there was a dose-dependent reduction in food consumption of the animals treated with 250 to 1500 mg/kg extract. Conclusions: Results obtained in this study suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of Moringa oleifera is relatively safe when administered orally. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Haematology; Liver and renal function; Moringa oleifera; Sub-chronic toxicity	creatinine; liver enzyme; Moringa oleifera extract; urea; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; brain; controlled study; creatinine blood level; erythrocyte count; food intake; heart; hemoglobin blood level; histopathology; kidney; LD 50; leukocyte count; liver; male; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume; Moringa oleifera; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; sperm; spermatozoon count; spermatozoon motility; testis; thrombocyte count; weight gain; Administration, Oral; Animals; Biological Markers; Blood Cell Count; Body Weight; Creatinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eating; Enzymes; Glutathione; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Kidney; Lethal Dose 50; Liver; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mice; Moringa oleifera; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa; Time Factors; Toxicity Tests; Urea; Animalia; Moringa oleifera; Moringaceae; Mus; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896065245	Evaluation of haematological, hepatic and renal functions of petroleum tanker drivers in Lagos, Nigeria	Awodele O., Sulayman A.A., Akintonwa A.	2014	African Health Sciences	14	1	None	Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Awodele, O., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Sulayman, A.A., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria; Akintonwa, A., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria	Background: Hydrocarbons which are among the major components of petroleum products are considered toxic and have been implicated in a number of human diseases. Tanker drivers are continuously exposed to hydrocarbons by inhalation and most of these drivers do not use protective devices to prevent inhalation of petroleum products; nor do they visit hospital regularly for routine check-up. Objective: In view of this occupational hazard, we investigated the haematological, renal and hepatic functions of workers of petroleum tankers drivers in Lagos, Nigeria. Method: Twenty-five tanker drivers' and fifteen control subjects were randomly selected based on the selection criteria of not smoking and working for minimum of 5 years as petroleum tanker driver. The liver, renal and haematological parameters were analyzed using automated clinical and haematological analyzers while the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant level tests were assayed using standard methods. Results: There were significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases in the levels of serum alanine amino transferase (31.14±13.72; 22.38±9.89), albumin (42.50±4.69; 45.36±1.74) and alkaline phosphatase (84.04±21.89; 62.04±23.33) of petroleum tanker drivers compared with the controls. A significant (p≤0.05) increase in the levels of creatinine, urea and white blood cells of the tanker drivers, compared with the controls, were also obtained. Conclusion: The results have enormous health implications of continuous exposure to petroleum products reflected hepatic and renal damage of petroleum tanker drivers. Therefore, there is need for this group of workers to be sensitized on the importance of protective devises, regular medical checkup and management. Conflict of Interest: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.	Hydrocarbons; Liver functions; Oxidative stress; Petroleum tanker drivers; Renal	alanine aminotransferase; albumin; alkaline phosphatase; creatinine; petroleum; urea; adult; alanine aminotransferase blood level; albumin blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; article; autoanalyzer; controlled study; driver; eye infection; health status; hematological parameters; hematology analyzer; human; kidney function; kidney injury; leukocyte; lipid peroxidation; liver function; liver injury; major clinical study; Nigeria; occupational exposure; occupational hazard; ocular pruritus; rash; skin infection; thorax pain	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84962547587	Toxicological evaluation of the aqueous stem bark extract of Bridelia ferruginea (Euphorbiaceae) in rodents	Awodele O., Amagon K.I., Agbo J., Prasad M.N.V.	2015	Interdisciplinary Toxicology	8	2	10.1515/intox-2015-0014	Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Lagos State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria; Department of Plant Sciences, Un	Awodele, O., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Lagos State, Nigeria; Amagon, K.I., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Lagos State, Nigeria, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria; Agbo, J., Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Surulere, Lagos State, Nigeria; Prasad, M.N.V., Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India	Bridelia ferruginea is a woody shrub that grows in the Savannah or rain forests of Africa and has traditionally been used to treat diabetes, arthritis and boils. Despite all these uses, extensive toxicological evaluation has not been carried out. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the sub-chronic toxicological effects of the stem bark aqueous extract of Bridelia ferruginea in rats. The lethal dose (LD50) was determined using probit analysis and graded doses of the extract (250-4 000 mg/kg) were administered to the animals via oral and intraperitoneal routes and observed for mortality, behavioral changes and signs of toxicity. Sub-chronic toxicity study was carried out at doses of 1 000, 2 000 and 4 000 mg/kg administered daily for 60 days. The animals were sacrificed after 60 days. Blood was collected for biochemical (renal and hepatic), hematological, oxidative stress, sperm and histopathological examinations, using standard methods. LD50 of the extract was estimated as &gt;4 000 mg/kg orally; neither significant visible signs of toxicity nor mortality were observed. There were no significant differences in the animals and organ weights, hematological and biochemical parameters in the treated groups compared to the control group. However, a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in the level of lipid peroxidation and a significant (p&lt;0.05) decrease in sperm count were observed in the treated animals compared with the control group. The stem-bark aqueous extract of Bridelia ferruginea was found to be relatively safe, though it has the potential to cause lipid peroxidation and damage sperm quality and should thus be used with caution. © 2015 Interdisciplinary Toxicology.	biochemistry; Bridelia ferruginea; hematology; oxidative stress; sperm count	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34249932972	Influence of sawdust ash on soil chemical properties and cowpea performance in Southwest Nigeria	Awodun M.A.	2007	International Journal of Soil Science	2	1	None	Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria	Awodun, M.A., Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria	Field trials were carried out at two locations in fairly acidic soils in Southwest Nigeria to test effect of sawdust ash on soil chemical properties, leaf nutrient content and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walps). Sawdust ash applied at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 t ha-1 significantly increased soil organic matter, pH, N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents relative to 0 t ha-1 sawdust ash. The 4, 6, 8 and 10 t ha-1 sawdust ash increased pod weight and grain yield. The mean increases in grain yield across locations were 17, 63 and 68%, respectively. © 2007 Academic Journals.	Cowpea; Grain yield; Nutrients pod weight; Sawdust ash; Soil	crop yield; fieldwork; legume; soil chemistry; soil organic matter; soil property; wood ash; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924576414	The impact of political leadership and corruption on Nigeria's development since independence	Awofeso O., Odeyemi T.I.	2014	Journal of Sustainable Development	7	5	10.5539/jsd.v7n5p240	Department of Political Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Awofeso, O., Department of Political Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Odeyemi, T.I., Department of Political Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	The paper draws an interlocking relationship between political leadership and development and concludes that, while leadership had played tremendous role in the socio-political and economic development of most nations of the world, the reverse is the case in Nigeria. Apart from identifying other social vices that accounted for the protracted state of Nigeria's underdevelopment, the paper also singles out corruption as the major impediment to Nigeria's quest for development since independence. Drawing from the World Bank, Transparency International and highly knowledgeable scholars in this field, the paper demonstrates the process through which Nigerian political leadership became 'neck-deep' in corruption with several cases of monumeotal diversion of public funds meant for the economic development of the country into individual pockets. The multi-dimensional consequences of corrupt practices on a nation's socio-political and economic development cannot be overemphasised, as virtually all sectors of the country, including education, health, agriculture, politics, technology, e.t.c, are negatively affected, with the resultant outcome like extreme poverty, high level of illiteracy, economic dependency, technological backwardness, political instability, e.t.c, as the order of the day. Nigeria's situation typifies the above as shown in the paper. © 2014 by the author(s).	Corruption; Development; Political leadership; Politics; Poverty	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68349098931	Performance of finisher broilers fed wet mash with or without drinking water during wet season in the tropics	Awojobi H.A., Oluwole B.O., Adekunmisi A.A., Buraimo R.A.	2009	International Journal of Poultry Science	8	6	10.3923/ijps.2009.592.594	Department of Animal Production, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Yewa Campus, Ayetoro, Ogun State, P.M.B.0012, Nigeria	Awojobi, H.A., Department of Animal Production, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Yewa Campus, Ayetoro, Ogun State, P.M.B.0012, Nigeria; Oluwole, B.O., Department of Animal Production, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Yewa Campus, Ayetoro, Ogun State, P.M.B.0012, Nigeria; Adekunmisi, A.A., Department of Animal Production, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Yewa Campus, Ayetoro, Ogun State, P.M.B.0012, Nigeria; Buraimo, R.A., Department of Animal Production, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Yewa Campus, Ayetoro, Ogun State, P.M.B.0012, Nigeria	Finisher broilers were fed conventional dry and wet mash with varying amounts of water addition (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 parts of water to 1 part of feed) with and without drinking water.Feed intake was higher (P<0.05) in all wet-fed groups but one than birds that received the conventional dry mash.Live weight gain and carcass yield was better (P<0.05) in all wet-fed groups than dry mash feeding.However, feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was highest in birds that received 1 part of water to 1 part of feed with drinking water, their result is comparable to those on conventional dry mash feeding and significantly (P<0.05) better than other wet-fed groups.No significant (P<0.05) differences were observed in weights of the liver, spleen, intestine, abdominal fat, proventriculus, full-gizzard and caeca.This study recommends 1 part of water to 1 part of feed with drinking water for finisher broilers when raised on wet mash during wet season in the tropics. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Dry mash; Finisher broilers; Water; Wet mash	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84914165138	Prospects of improving reproductive performance of the domestic rabbit in the tropics by reducing postpartum re-mating interval	Awojobi H.A., Adejumo D.O.	2014	Tropical Agriculture	91	4	None	Department of Animal Production, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Yewa Campus, P.M.B. 0012, Ayetoro, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Awojobi, H.A., Department of Animal Production, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Yewa Campus, P.M.B. 0012, Ayetoro, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adejumo, D.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The reproductive performance of ninety (90) primiparous doe rabbits that were re-bred 1-9 days (intensive),10-20 days (semi-intensive), 21-28 days (extensive) and >28 days (realized extensive) postpartum was investigated in the dry and rainy seasons in a tropical environment, in South-West Nigeria. The objective was to observe response to early rebreeding with the aim of increasing rabbits per doe per year. Mean postpartum re-mating intervals (P<0.05) were 1.9,15.1, 25.5 and 46.2 days for does re-bred 1-9 days, 10-20 days, 21-28 days and >28 days postpartum respectively. Similarly, the mean parturition intervals (P<0.05) were 33.5,49.5, 57.7 and 77.9 days for does re-bred under the intensive, semi-intensive, extensive and the realized extensive mating systems respectively. Gestation length was shorter (P<0.05) in does that re-bred semi-intensively. Litter size and weight at birth were not affected (P>0.05) by postpartum re-mating interval The 21 day litter size/weight and weaning (28 days) litter size/weight were unaffected (P>0.05) by postpartum re-mating interval. Kits mortality was lower (P<0.05) in the 21-28 days group (37.1%) compared to does in the 1-9 days group (55.8%) and 10-20 days group (58.1%). Litter size and weight at weaning was better (P<0.05) in the dry season (4.7 and 1518.7g) than rainy season (3.6 and 1187.6g). Kits mortality was higher (P<0.05) in the rainy season (49.6%) than dry season (35.8%). © 2014 Trop. Agric. (Trinidad).	Doe-rabbit; Litter traits; Re-mating time-period; Reproduction; Tropics	Oryctolagus cuniculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903723679	Impact of PermaNet 3.0 on entomological indices in an area of pyrethroid resistant Anopheles gambiae in south-western Nigeria	Awolola S.T., Adeogun A.O., Olojede J.B., Oduola A.O., Oyewole I.O., Amajoh C.N.	2014	Parasites and Vectors	7	1	10.1186/1756-3305-7-236	Molecular Entomology and Vector Control Research Laboratory, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, PMB 2013 Yaba Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria;	Awolola, S.T., Molecular Entomology and Vector Control Research Laboratory, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, PMB 2013 Yaba Lagos, Nigeria; Adeogun, A.O., Molecular Entomology and Vector Control Research Laboratory, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, PMB 2013 Yaba Lagos, Nigeria, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Olojede, J.B., Molecular Entomology and Vector Control Research Laboratory, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, PMB 2013 Yaba Lagos, Nigeria; Oduola, A.O., Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Oyewole, I.O., Department of Biological Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Nigeria; Amajoh, C.N., National Malaria Control Program, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria	Background: PermaNet® 3.0 is an insecticide synergist-combination long-lasting insecticidal net designed to have increased efficacy against malaria vectors with metabolic resistance, even when combined with kdr. The current study reports on the impact of this improved tool on entomological indices in an area with pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors in Nigeria. Methods. Baseline entomological indices across eight villages in Remo North LGA of Ogun State provided the basis for selection of three villages (Ilara, Irolu and Ijesa) for comparing the efficacy of PermaNet® 3.0 (PN3.0), PermaNet® 2.0 (PN2.0) and untreated polyester nets as a control (UTC). In each case, nets were distributed to cover all sleeping spaces and were evaluated for insecticidal activity on a 3-monthly basis. Collection of mosquitoes was conducted monthly via window traps and indoor resting catches. The arithmetic means of mosquito catches per house, entomological inoculation rates before and during the intervention were compared as well as three other outcome parameters: the mean mosquito blood feeding rate, mean mortality and mean parity rates. Results: Anopheles gambiae s.l. was the main malaria vector in the three villages, accounting for &gt;98% of the Anopheles population and found in appreciable numbers for 6-7 months. Deltamethrin, permethrin and lambdacyhalothrin resistance were confirmed at Ilara, Irolu and Ijesa. The kdr mutation was the sole resistance mechanism at Ilara, whereas kdr plus P450-based metabolic mechanisms were detected at Irolu and Ijesa. Bioassays repeated on domestically used PN 2.0 and PN 3.0 showed persistent optimal (100%) bio-efficacy for both net types after the 3rd, 6th, 9 th and 12th month following net distribution. The use of PN 3.0 significantly reduced mosquito densities with a 'mass killing' effect inside houses. Households with PN 3.0 also showed reduced blood feeding as well as lower mosquito parity and sporozoite rates compared to the PN 2.0 and the UTC villages. A significant reduction in the entomological inoculation rate was detected in both the PN 2.0 village (75%) and PN 3.0 village (97%) post LLIN-distribution and not in the UTC village. Conclusion: The study confirms the efficacy of PN 3.0 in reducing malaria transmission compared to pyrethroid-only LLINs in the presence of malaria vectors with P450-based metabolic- resistance mechanisms. © 2014 Awolola et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Anopheles gambiae; PermaNet 3.0; Pyrethroid resistance	cyhalothrin; cytochrome P450; deltamethrin; permethrin; polyester; pyrethroid; vasculotropin receptor 2; insect protein; insecticide; pyrethroid; adult; Anopheles arabiensis; Anopheles funestus; Anopheles gambiae; anopheles nili; arithmetic; article; bed net; bioassay; blood; blood feeding; comparative effectiveness; controlled study; density; feeding; gene; gene mutation; household; human; inoculation; insecticidal activity; insecticide resistance; kdr gene; malaria; mortality; multicenter study; Nigeria; nonhuman; parity; Plasmodium falciparum; randomized controlled trial; reduction; sleep; space; sporozoite; vector control; animal; Anopheles gambiae; disease carrier; drug effects; family size; feeding behavior; gene expression regulation; genetics; information processing; malaria; metabolism; mutation; population density; questionnaire; time; Anopheles gambiae; Animals; Anopheles gambiae; Data Collection; Family Characteristics; Feeding Behavior; Gene Expression Regulation; Insect Proteins; Insect Vectors; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticide-Treated Bednets; Insecticides; Malaria; Mutation; Nigeria; Population Density; Pyrethrins; Questionnaires; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862567119	The effects of mergers and acquisitions on business performance in Nigerian banking industry: An empirical analysis	Awolusi O.D.	2012	International Journal of Business Performance Management	13	04-Mar	10.1504/IJBPM.2012.047301	Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Management and Social Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, P.M.B 21244, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	Awolusi, O.D., Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Management and Social Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, P.M.B 21244, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	This paper provides a holistic view of the mergers and acquisitions (M&As) implementation process, by reviewing the hard and soft factors that cause success and failure for M&As implementation, as well as, examine the impact of M&As on perceived business performance measures (PBPM) in Nigerian banking industry. The aim was achieved through an empirical study involving a survey on 19 Nigerian banks involved in mergers and/or acquisitions. Using SEM, multivariate analyses were mathematically represented in a single equation, and findings from this study confirmed that M&As had significant association on PBPM. The equation could be used by banks, and companies alike, to compose strategies to optimise their management of business performance and mergers and/or acquisition programmes. The model was able to provide predictive implications on business performance, given the activities of key factors manifesting successful M&As, hence, these factors could be adopted by companies wishing to undertake M&As programme in Nigeria. Nonetheless, to improve business performance management, companies could control their M&As programme. Copyright © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Banking; Business performance; Consolidation; M&As; Mergers and acquisitions; Nigeria; Structural equation modelling	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872105643	Effectiveness of total quality management on business performance in Nigerian manufacturing firms: An empirical analysis	Awolusi O.D.	2012	International Journal of Enterprise Network Management	5	3	10.1504/IJENM.2012.051310	Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Postgraduate Studies, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, P.M.B 21244, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	Awolusi, O.D., Department of Business Administration and Marketing, School of Postgraduate Studies, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, P.M.B 21244, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	The purpose of this study is to investigate the critical success factors (CSFs) of total quality management (TQM) implementation, as well as, examine specific relationships between these critical success factors of TQM and perceived business performance measures (PBPM) of Nigerian manufacturing firms. The empirical study was conducted via a survey on 566 senior and management staff of 14 Nigerian manufacturing companies, randomly selected from a business-to-business database maintained by a national list provider. Using the framework from Agus (2001), factors manifesting PBPM were regressed on the critical success factors, manifesting successful TQM. Findings based on the survey revealed significant positive relationships between successful TQM and PBPM in Nigerian manufacturing firms. The model provides predictive implications on improved business performance, given the activities of CSFs manifesting successful TQM. Hence, to improve business performance, manufacturing firms could control their TQM programme. Copyright © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Business performance; Manufacturing firms; Nigeria; Regression analysis; Total quality management; TQM	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60849106681	Impact of industrial effluents on water, soils and plants in the Alakia industrial area of Ibadan, South West Nigeria	Awomeso J.A., Ufoegbune G.C., Oluwasanya G.O., Ademola-Aremu O.O.	2009	Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry	91	1	10.1080/02772240802074975	College of Environmental Resources Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Awomeso, J.A., College of Environmental Resources Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Ufoegbune, G.C., College of Environmental Resources Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Oluwasanya, G.O., College of Environmental Resources Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Ademola-Aremu, O.O., College of Environmental Resources Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Chemical analysis of the effluents of the industrial area in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria, and their effect on three communities were evaluated. The degree of pollution was ascertained by determination of the concentration of 12 metals including Pb, Cu, Ni, K, Cd, Fe, Zn, Ca, Cr, Mn, Na, Mg, a specific nonmetal phosphorus, as well as chloride (Cl) and nitrates (NO3 -. The study established the presence of metals in concentrations higher than the recommended limits in effluent discharges in all the samples in the study area. © 2009 Taylor &amp; Francis.	Effluent; Industrial growth; Metals; Pollution; Radicals	Calcium; Chlorine compounds; Chromium; Industrial plants; Lead; Manganese; Manganese compounds; Metals; Nitrogen compounds; Phosphorus; Pollution; Sewage; Sodium; Wastewater treatment; Zinc; Concentration of; Effluent discharges; Industrial areas; Industrial effluents; Industrial growth; Nigeria; Radicals; Study areas; Effluents; chemical pollutant; concentration (composition); discharge; effluent; heavy metal; nitrate; Africa; Ibadan; Nigeria; Oyo; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845346476	Evaluation of cowpea accessions for the Southern Guinea savannah	Awopetu J.A., Aliyu O.M.	2006	Tropical Science	46	4	10.1002/ts.183	Department of Crop Production, University of Florin, Nigeria; Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria	Awopetu, J.A., Department of Crop Production, University of Florin, Nigeria; Aliyu, O.M., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria	Twenty-five accessions of cowpea of different origin were evaluated in Ilorin, in the Southern Guinea savannah of Nigeria. They showed variable adaptation in terms of flowering time, leaves at flowering, pattern of branching, yield capabilities and time of maturity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Adaptation; Breeding; Cowpea accessions; Savannah ecology	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934765966	In vitro evaluation of reversible and time-dependent inhibitory effects of kalanchoe crenata on CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 activities	Awortwe C., Manda V.K., Avonto C., Khan S.I., Khan I.A., Walker L.A., Bouic P.J., Rosenkranz B.	2015	Drug Metabolism Letters	9	1	None	Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States; Division of Pharmacology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States; Synexa Life Sciences, Montague Gardens, Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Awortwe, C., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Manda, V.K., National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States; Avonto, C., National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States; Khan, S.I., National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States; Khan, I.A., National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States; Walker, L.A., National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States; Bouic, P.J., Synexa Life Sciences, Montague Gardens, Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Rosenkranz, B., Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Kalanchoe crenata popularly known as “dog’s liver” is used in most African countries for the treatment of chronic diseases such as diabetes, asthma and HIV/AIDS related infections. The evaluation of K. crenata for herb-drug interactions has not been reported. This study therefore aims to evaluate the risk of K. crenata for herb-drug interaction in vitro. Crude methanol and fractions of K. crenata were incubated and preincubated with recombinant human CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. Comparative studies were conducted in both human liver microsomes and recombinant human CYP to ascertain the inhibition profile of the crude extract and the various fractions. The cocktail approach of recombinant human CYPs was conducted to confirm the inhibition potential of the fractions in the presence of other CYPs. The results showed significant time-dependent inhibition of tested samples on CYP3A4 with crude methanol (39KC), fractions 45A, 45B and 45D given IC<inf>50</inf> fold decrease of 3.29, 2.26, 1.91 and 1.49, respective. Time dependent kinetic assessment of 39KC and 45D showed K<inf>I</inf> and k<inf>inact</inf> values for 39KC as 1.77μg/mL and 0.091 min−1 while that of 45D were 6.45 μg/mL and 0.024 min−1, respectively. Determination of k<inf>inact</inf> based on IC<inf>50</inf> calculations yielded 0.015 and 0.04 min−1 for 39KC and 45D, respectively. Cocktail approach exhibited fold decreases in IC<inf>50</inf> for all test fractions on CYP3A4 within the ranges of 2.10 – 4.10. At least one phytoconstituent in the crude methanol extract of Kalanchoe crenata is a reversible and time-dependent inhibitor of CYP3A4. © 2015 Bentham Science Publishers.	Human liver microsomes; Kalanchoe crenata; Recombinant human CYPs; Reversible inhibition; Time-dependent inhibition	cytochrome P450 2C19; cytochrome P450 3A4; Kalanchoe crenata extract; methanol; plant extract; testosterone; unclassified drug; Article; comparative study; herb drug interaction; human; human cell; IC50; in vitro study; intrinsic clearance; Kalanchoe; Kalanchoe crenata; liver microsome; metabolic clearance; priority journal; time-dependent inhibition; Kalanchoe integra crenata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868288443	Contracting Out Local Government Services to Private Agents: An Analysis of Contract Design and Service Delivery Performance in Ghana	Awortwi N.	2012	International Journal of Public Administration	35	13	10.1080/01900692.2012.686033	Partnership for African Social and Governance Research, Nairobi, Kenya	Awortwi, N., Partnership for African Social and Governance Research, Nairobi, Kenya	Contracting out is generally justified on the principle that as governments contract out part of their responsibilities in service provision to private agents, they harness the power of market competition which leads to efficiency in service provision. In working with private contractors, local governments (LGs) face problems related to agent opportunism, while agents also face risks such as dereliction of payment responsibility by LGs for services delivered. The literature shows that these problems are addressed through a web of contractual arrangements. Using agency theory, this study investigates the relationship between contract design and quality of services delivery in three Ghanaian cities (Accra, Kumasi and Tema). The study found a surprising negative correlation between contract document and agents' performance. The paper concludes that effectiveness of contracting out documents depends on contract management capacity of government administrators. In its absence, LGs that contract out are exposed to risks. The paper uses the findings to reflect on the inherent deficiencies in agency theory and Africanist literature on patronage. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	contract design; contracting out; Ghana; local government service; principal-agent theory; solid waste	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855502332	Motivation and job performances among nurses in the Ekiti state environment of Nigeria	Awosusi O.O., Osamede A.	2011	International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences	2	2	None	Department of sociology Department of geography and planning science, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.m.b 5363, Ado-ekiti, Ekiti state, Nigeria	Awosusi, O.O., Department of sociology Department of geography and planning science, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.m.b 5363, Ado-ekiti, Ekiti state, Nigeria; Osamede, A., Department of sociology Department of geography and planning science, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, P.m.b 5363, Ado-ekiti, Ekiti state, Nigeria	This study examined the motivation and job performances among nurses in the Ekiti State environment of Nigeria. Nurses care for individuals, who are healthy and ill, of all ages and cultural backgrounds, and who have physical, emotional, psychological, intellectual, social, and spiritual needs. Data for this study were collected from primary sources. A total number of three hundred (300) questionnaires were administered in this research and the chi-square statistical method of data analysis was adopted in the analysis of the data collected. Results from this study showed that the nurses in the study area were poorly remunerated and motivated, compared to the level of their work performance, working environment, poor working condition of nurses, problems of nurses in the study area affect negatively the level of their job performance in the area. This study therefore recommends that government at all levels should improve the general welfare and remuneration of nurses in the study area. For this will improve the level of job performance of nurses.	Job; Motivation; Nurses; Performance; Recommendations	article; clinical research; conceptual framework; controlled study; cultural factor; emotionality; environmental factor; government; health care delivery; health care personnel; health care quality; human; intellect; job performance; motivation; Nigeria; nurse; nursing care; nursing shortage; psychological aspect; quality of life; questionnaire; religion; remuneration; social aspect; welfare; work environment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901472973	Impact of seed voucher system on income inequality and Rice income per hectare among rural households in Nigeria: A Randomized Control Trial (RCT) approach	Awotide B.A., Awoyemi T.T., Salman K.K., Diagne A.	2013	Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture	52	2	None	C/o Africa Rice Centre, International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), University of Ibadan, P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Africa Rice Centre, Cotonou, Benin	Awotide, B.A., C/o Africa Rice Centre, International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), University of Ibadan, P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Awoyemi, T.T., C/o Africa Rice Centre, International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), University of Ibadan, P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Salman, K.K., C/o Africa Rice Centre, International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), University of Ibadan, P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Diagne, A., Africa Rice Centre, Cotonou, Benin	The Seed Voucher System (SVS) was adopted by the Emergency Rice Initiative (ERI) to grant fanners access to certified improved seed, in order to mitigate the adverse effect of the 2008 global food crisis on resource poor farmers in rural Nigeria. This study examined the impact of the SVS on income inequality reduction and rice income per hectare among rice farming households in Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used to collect Baseline (2008) and post-voucher (2010) data, using multistage sampling procedure. Using Randomized Control Trial approach, 160 farmers out of the 600 rice fanners randomly selected in 2008 received the seed voucher (treated), and others did not (control). The results revealed that poverty and income inequality declined significantly after the intervention. The SVS also lead to significant increase in rice income per hectare. Therefore, the use of seed vouches to grant farmers access to production inputs could actually be a way out of the endemic poverty situation in rural Nigeria and can also be used to redistribute income among rural households in Nigeria.	Impact; Income inequality; LATE; Nigeria; Poverty; Rice; Voucher	agricultural worker; baseline survey; crop production; farming system; household income; poverty; questionnaire survey; rice; rural society; Nigeria	None
None	None	Impact of agricultural technology adoption on asset ownership: the case of improved cassava varieties in Nigeria	Awotide B.A., Alene A.D., Abdoulaye T., Manyong V.M.	2015	Food Security	7	6	10.1007/s12571-015-0500-7	Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Lilongwe, Malawi; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania	Awotide, B.A., Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Alene, A.D., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; Abdoulaye, T., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Lilongwe, Malawi; Manyong, V.M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania	Using household survey data from a sample of about 850 households selected from six States in south-west Nigeria, this paper analyses the effects of the adoption of improved cassava varieties (ICVs) on asset ownership among smallholder farmers. The results of the linear regression with endogenous treatment effects showed that adoption of ICVs is positively related to asset ownership. The results further showed that ICVs had greater impact on asset ownership among female-headed households. The impact analysis using propensity score matching (PSM) showed a significant and positive effect of adoption of ICVs on asset ownership and a negative effect on asset poverty. The empirical results suggest that improved agricultural technologies can play a key role in strengthening asset ownership of smallholder farmers for increased agricultural productivity and income generation. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht and International Society for Plant Pathology.	Adoption; Assets; Cassava; Farmer; Impact; Nigeria; Poverty; PSM	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959780243	Impact of palm oil processing effluent discharge on the quality of receiving soil and river in south western Nigeria	Awotoye O.O., Dada A.C., Arawomo G.A.O.	2011	Journal of Applied Sciences Research	7	2	None	Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Awotoye, O.O., Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Dada, A.C., Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Arawomo, G.A.O., Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria	The study was carried out to investigate the contribution of effluent from a palm oil processing unit on the receiving section of Oluwa River in Ondo State, Nigeria. Temperature, pH, COD, BOD5, major metals (NO3-, PO4-, K+, Na+, Mg2+) and heavy metals (Zn2+, Mn2) as well as TS and TDS were determined in about 45 water samples obtained from various upstream and downstream locations away from the effluent discharge. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analyses of variance (ANOVA). Significant variations exist in most of the chemical variables among the sampled sections. Comparison of the investigated parameters at the various sections of the river with the standard limit of effluent guideline showed that the downstream water is polluted, especially in NO3, Zn2+, BOD5 and COD. The need for a drastic move towards quality and environmental conservation through sustainable development and cleaner technology approach within manufacturing industries in Nigeria is highlighted.	Nigeria; Palm oil effluent; Soil; Water quality	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950236868	Evaluation of cost-effective total nucleic acids extraction protocols for cultured Mycobacterium tuberculosis; A comparison by PCR amplification of genes associated with drug resistance	Awua A.K., Doe E.D., Gyamfi O.K.	2010	BMC Research Notes	3	None	10.1186/1756-0500-3-48	Cellular and Clinical Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana	Awua, A.K., Cellular and Clinical Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Doe, E.D., Cellular and Clinical Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Gyamfi, O.K., Cellular and Clinical Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana	Background: The emergence of drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has made the management of tuberculosis difficult. Also, Mycobacterium species has a peculiar cell wall, made of an impermeable complex structure rich in mycolate, making the lyses of its cell difficult. In order to apply a radio-labelled-probe based detection of mutations in selected genes leading to drug resistance, we concede that the evaluation and modifications of nucleic acid extraction protocols that are less sophisticated and less prone to contamination would be useful in the management of tuberculosis in a resource-constrained setting. Findings. The average amount of nucleic acids was determined for different extraction treatments. High temperature treatment only, yielded the lowest amount of nucleic acids, i.e. 15.7 ± 3.2 μg. The average amount of nucleic acids obtained with the addition of TE and triton-X100, was 133.7 ± 8.9 μg, while that obtained with the addition of TE only, and TE and SDS were 68.4 ± 22.7 μg and 70.4 ± 20.3 μg respectively. Other treatments yielded 28.8 ± 6.7 μg, 32.5 ± 2.4 g and 36.9 ± 15.5 μg. The average amount of nucleic acids obtained with high temperature treatment in TE, and that obtained by freezing prior to high temperature treatment, successfully amplified for the genes of interest (rpoB, KatG, rrs). Conclusion. We strongly recommend the use of 1× TE buffer, and freezing and heating for improved lysis of cultured M. tuberculosis, and therefore, as an effective method for the preparation of M. tuberculosis nucleic acid useful for PCR. © 2010 Awua et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349498823	Evaluation of simple methods of arsenic removal from domestic water supplies in rural communities	Awuah E., Morris R.T., Owusu P.A., Sundell R., Lindstrom J.	2009	Desalination	248	42372	10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.036	Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Division for Engineering Sciences, Physics and Mathematics, Karlstads University, Sweden	Awuah, E., Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Morris, R.T., Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Owusu, P.A., Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Sundell, R., Division for Engineering Sciences, Physics and Mathematics, Karlstads University, Sweden; Lindstrom, J., Division for Engineering Sciences, Physics and Mathematics, Karlstads University, Sweden	This study looked at two arsenic removal technologies, method Bucket Treatment Unit and removal using citrus lime, lemon and filter. The method Bucket Treatment Unit used zero-valent iron and removal using citrus lime, lemon and filter used photochemical oxidation of arsenic. The citrus lime, lemon and filter setup was found to be ineffective with its current design. The results reviewed that the method Bucket Treatment Unit was more effective and appropriate, but with clogging problems. The method Bucket Treatment Unit had between 68% and 100% arsenic removal efficiency with a 36 L/day flow rate of filtrate. The removal using photochemical oxidation of arsenic only had 8% removal efficiency. The study also reviewed that groundwater resources in the Ashanti Region of Ghana were contaminated with arsenic above the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. © 2009.	Drinking water treatment; Ghana; Indigenous technology	Arsenic removal; Arsenic removal technology; Domestic water supply; Drinking water treatment; Ghana; Indigenous technology; Photochemical oxidation; Removal efficiencies; Rural community; SIMPLE method; Treatment units; World Health Organization; Zero-valent iron; Air filters; Arsenic; Groundwater; Groundwater pollution; Groundwater resources; Hydrogeology; Lime; Oxidation; Potable water; Water supply; Chemicals removal (water treatment); arsenic; drinking water; filter; oxidation; pollutant removal; rural area; water treatment; Africa; Ashanti; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Citrus; Citrus limon	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646800816	Modelling natural conditions and impacts of consumptive water use and sedimentation of Lake Abaya and Lake Chamo, Ethiopia	Awulachew S.B.	2006	Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management	11	2	10.1111/j.1440-1770.2006.00293.x	International Water Management Institute, PO Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Awulachew, S.B., International Water Management Institute, PO Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	There is few available information regarding the water resource systems of Abaya Lake and Chamo Lake, which are found in the Southern Rift Valley Region of Ethiopia. This paper describes modelling of the water balance components of these lakes, as well as the impacts of water uses, and sediment transport and deposition in the lakes. The various parameters and data needed for the water balance model are derived on the basis of various surveys, analysis of data and modelling efforts. The watershed characteristics are derived using geographical information system, whereas the morphometry of the lakes is investigated by undertaking bathymetry surveys. The hydrometeorological components of this lake system also were investigated through the development of relevant database and information systems, by identifying regional relationships, and by a rainfall-run-off model. These information systems have subsequently been integrated to model the water balance of the two lakes, and simulating the in-lake water levels. Several scenarios reflecting the natural conditions, water consumptive development possibilities, and sedimentation impacts have been investigated in this study. Based on the model simulation results, and on the computation of the life expectancies of the two lakes, it was found that sediment inflow and deposition significantly threaten their existence. © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.	Abaya Lake; Chamo Lake; Ethiopia; GIS; Lifeexpectancy; Model; Sedimentation; Water balance	GIS; hydrometeorology; lake water; modeling; sedimentation; water budget; water use; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939635274	Impact of the energy-loss spatial profile and shear-viscosity to entropy-density ratio for the Mach cone versus head-shock signals produced by a fast-moving parton in a quark-gluon plasma	Ayala A., Castaño-Yepes J.D., Dominguez I., Tejeda-Yeomans M.E.	2015	Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics	92	2	10.1103/PhysRevC.92.024910	Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-543, México Distrito Federal, Mexico; Centre for Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Avenida de las Américas y Boulevard Universitarios, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico; Departamento de Física, Universidad de Sonora, Boulevard Luis Encinas J. y Rosales, Colonia Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico	Ayala, A., Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-543, México Distrito Federal, Mexico, Centre for Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Castaño-Yepes, J.D., Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-543, México Distrito Federal, Mexico; Dominguez, I., Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Avenida de las Américas y Boulevard Universitarios, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico; Tejeda-Yeomans, M.E., Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-543, México Distrito Federal, Mexico, Departamento de Física, Universidad de Sonora, Boulevard Luis Encinas J. y Rosales, Colonia Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico	We compute the energy and momentum deposited by a fast-moving parton in a quark-gluon plasma using linear viscous hydrodynamics with an energy loss per unit length profile proportional to the path length and with different values of the shear-viscosity to entropy-density ratio. We show that when varying these parameters, the transverse modes dominate over the longitudinal ones and thus energy and momentum is preferentially deposited along the head-shock, as in the case of a constant energy loss per unit length profile and the lowest value for the shear-viscosity to entropy-density ratio. © 2015 American Physical Society. ©2015 American Physical Society.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28244443379	Landslides in Sado Island of Japan: Part I. Case studies, monitoring techniques and environmental considerations	Ayalew L., Yamagishi H., Marui H., Kanno T.	2005	Engineering Geology	81	4	10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.08.005	Department of Environmental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Research Institute for Hazards in Snowy Areas, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Kawasaki Geological Engineering Consultant Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Addis Ababa University, Department of Earth Science, P.O. Box 1176, Addis, Ababa, Ethiopia	Ayalew, L., Department of Environmental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan, Addis Ababa University, Department of Earth Science, P.O. Box 1176, Addis, Ababa, Ethiopia; Yamagishi, H., Department of Environmental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Marui, H., Research Institute for Hazards in Snowy Areas, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Kanno, T., Kawasaki Geological Engineering Consultant Ltd., Tokyo, Japan	A sufficient knowledge on the kinematics and development of landslides helps to adopt proper measures that can be used to protect slopes and the environment in general. This can be achieved by adequate monitoring programs. This paper presents the findings of intensive monitoring activities carried out on Shiidomari and Katanoo landslides found in Sado Island of Japan. More than one year of observation of the two landslides allowed defining some peculiar futures of their kinematics and style of development. The problem of slope instability in the two areas is generally accredited to various factors. But, both landslides were triggered by heavy rainfalls and snowmelt. Because of the outline of the area and the presence of relict topographic features, the Shiidomari landslide is considered to be a large-scale reactivation of old slope failures. The Katanoo landslide is, however, a first-time case. Geophysical investigations and drilling activities in Shiidomari indicated the presence of two slip planes. The deepest (80-100 m) of these is controlled by existing lineaments. Monitoring data suggests that the body of the landslide has subsided as much as 1.16 m just below the main scarp, but a centimeter in the central region. The toe sector also experienced a significant amount of subsidence, but this was counter-balanced by an uplift on the opposite side of the landslide. Hence, the landslide seems not any more active along the deepest slip surface, although it may extend upward and define a series of shallow shear planes around the crown. In the case of Katanoo, the landform characteristics, differential weathering, the road cut and groundwater fluctuations appeared to contribute much to determine the exact location of the landslide. Extensional cracks that preceded the landslide can be related to heavy rainfalls and the cold and warm cycles thereafter. Subsurface investigations and monitoring works indicated that the landslide has two slide blocks with different slip planes. During the observation period, the upper part of the landslide responded more effectively to rainfall and snowmelt than the middle and lower sections. The corresponding movements, however, appeared to settle about three months after failure. There were also little strain transmissions in boreholes and no significant change in the characteristics of the landslide. The kinematics of deformation of many of the slopes in Sado Island resembles that of Shiidomari landslide. But mass movements along highways and mountain roads are usually similar to Katanoo. Landslides of the type like Shiidomari may not show sudden and drastic failures, but are usually long lasting and can reactivate repeatedly along new, shallow shear planes. Monitoring works and long-term supervisions in these types of landslides are useful to identify impending failures and take the right measures before they brought about large-scale destruction to the environment. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Environment; Landslide; Monitoring; Sado, Japan	Environmental impact; Geophysics; Monitoring; Slope stability; Subsidence; Weathering; Differential weathering; Slope failures; Landslides; kinematics; landslide; monitoring; Asia; Eastern Hemisphere; Eurasia; Far East; Japan; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880611242	Evaluation of a chick brooding technology based on cotton-plate material for small scale poultry farming	Ayalew M., Simeneh M.	2013	Middle East Journal of Scientific Research	14	7	10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.14.7.2197	Department of Animal Production and Extension, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, P.O. Box, 196, Gondar, Ethiopia	Ayalew, M., Department of Animal Production and Extension, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, P.O. Box, 196, Gondar, Ethiopia; Simeneh, M., Department of Animal Production and Extension, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, P.O. Box, 196, Gondar, Ethiopia	An experiment trial was conducted to examine the effect of cotton plate chicks brooder technology to retain day old chicks natural body heat at the University of Gondar teaching and research poultry farm, Ethiopia, on two hundred four day-old (commercial B102) chicks with the aim of producing an alternative chicks brooder which is applicable in small scale poultry farming areas on the basis of survival of chicks. The two hundred four day-old chicks were randomly divided into six groups: first four groups with four different levels of cotton plate each with equal number of (n=34) chicks placed under cotton plate candidate brooder, fifth group (n=34) was brooded under electrical brooder CE Complies with C.EE-EU ID06-2010/388 RAEE ITALY: (positive control) and the sixth group (n=34) was kept in brooder guard as negative control. Chicks were supervised constantly for 24 hours for 15 days and mortality of chicks was recorded. The candidate cotton plate brooder showed higher level of chicks survival. Mortality rate was 100 percent in negative control brooder. Cotton plate chicks brooder technology was not only environmentally friendly but does not require energy source. The study revealed that higher level of chicks' survival in case of cotton plate chicks brooder as compared to conventional electrical brooder. © IDOSI Publications, 2013.	Brooder; Chicks; Cotton; Ethiopia; Gondar; Plate	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940705892	Milk production performance of Holstein Friesian dairy cows at Holetta Bull Dam Farm, Ethiopia	Ayalew W., Aliy M., Negussie E.	2015	Livestock Research for Rural Development	27	9	None	Department of Animal Production and Technology, Wolkite University, P.O.Box 07, Wolkite, Ethiopia; Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O.Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; LUKE Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland	Ayalew, W., Department of Animal Production and Technology, Wolkite University, P.O.Box 07, Wolkite, Ethiopia; Aliy, M., Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O.Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Negussie, E., LUKE Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland	The study was carried out at Holetta Bull Dam farm to assess the effects of non genetic factors on milk production traits of Holstein Friesian dairy cattle. Records compiled from 1981 to 2013 were used as original data of production traits like 305 days milk yield (n=3538), total lactation milk yield (n=3706) and lactation length (n=2923) of the Holstein Friesian herd in Ethiopian management and environmental situation. Effects of period, sire origin, season and parity on milk yield traits were evaluated. The data were analyzed using general linear models. Result of the non-genetic factors revealed that period of calving, parity and sire origin had significant (p<0.001) effect and were the main causes of variation in milk production traits. Season of calving had no significant effect on milk production traits except on LL. The overall least squares means of LMY and LL were: 3689±45.0 kg, 3604±38.4 kg, and 319±1.91 days, respectively. Generally the productive performance of cows reported in this study was lower than the performance reported in many tropical regions and its expected genetic potential in their countries of their origins. Therefore, improving herd management, breeding practices, as well asconsidering genotype-environmental interactions during importation of breeding sire and heifer is very essential for full exploitation of exotic dairy cattle genetic potential in Ethiopia. © 2015 Fundacion CIPAV. All rights reserved.	Genetic factors; Genotype-environmental interactions; Origin of sire	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878690444	Participatory evaluation of adaptability and morpho-agronomic performance of released and on pipeline high land maize technologies	Ayalneh T., Tesfaye L., Abinasa M., Amare B.	2013	International Journal of Agricultural Research	8	1	10.3923/ijar.2013.49.54	Sinana Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 208, Bale Robe, Ethiopia	Ayalneh, T., Sinana Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 208, Bale Robe, Ethiopia; Tesfaye, L., Sinana Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 208, Bale Robe, Ethiopia; Abinasa, M., Sinana Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 208, Bale Robe, Ethiopia; Amare, B., Sinana Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 208, Bale Robe, Ethiopia	Adaptability and agronomic performance test across environments are important in plant breeding. The current study was conducted with the objective to generate information on adaptability and morpho-agronomic performance of maize genotypes through participatory breeding. The experiment were conducted using released and on pipeline maize genotypes with one local check in six different environments (Shanaka, Agarfa, Shallo, Hissu, Gassera and Sinana) in 2005 and 2006 main season. From the two years pooled mean grain yield performance, BH-660 (8.3 ton ha-1) and BH-670 (7.6 ton ha-1) gave, relatively the highest yield, ranked 1st and 2nd, respectively in both years while Kuleni gave the lowest yield and ranked least in both years. The analysis of variance of mean grain yield (ton ha-1) of seven varieties and one local check tested in six environments showed that 39.0, 40.2 and 20.8% of the total sum of squares were attributed to environment, genotype and genotype X environment interaction effects, respectively. From the AMMI analysis results, the lowest Principal Components Analysis-1 (PCA1) scores were observed in genotype G4 (0.03), followed by G1 (0.10) and G2 (0.12) but in case of Interaction Principal Components Analysis-2 (IPCA2) the lowest score showed by G6 (0.13), followed by G5 (0.17) and G8 (0.31). In general, the study showed the importance of participatory plant breeding, genotype adaptation test across environment and the effects of environments. © 2013 Academic Journals Inc.	Adaptability; Additive main effect and multiplication interaction; Environment; Genotypes; Interaction; Maize	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926640115	Evaluation of stream water quality data generated from MODIS images in modeling total suspended solid emission to a freshwater lake	Ayana E.K., Worqlul A.W., Steenhuis T.S.	2015	Science of the Total Environment	523	None	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.132	Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; School of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Columbia University, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, New York, United States; The Nature ConservancyVA, United States	Ayana, E.K., Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States, Columbia University, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, New York, United States, The Nature ConservancyVA, United States; Worqlul, A.W., Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States, School of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Steenhuis, T.S., Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States, School of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Modeling of suspended sediment emission into freshwater lakes is challenging due to data gaps in developing countries. Existing models simulate sediment concentration at a gauging station upstream and none of these studies had modeled total suspended solids (TSS) emissions by inflowing rivers to freshwater lakes as there are no TSS measurements at the river mouth in the upper Blue Nile basin. In this study a 10. year TSS time series data generated from remotely sensed MODIS/Terra images using established empirical relationship is applied to calibrate and validate a hydrology model for Lake Tana in Upper Blue Nile Basin. The result showed that at a monthly time scale TSS at the river mouth can be replicated with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NS) of 0.34 for calibration and 0.21 for validation periods. Percent bias (PBIAS) and ratio of the root-mean-square error to the standard deviation of measured data (RSR) are all within range. Given the inaccessibility and costliness to measure TSS at river mouths to a lake the results found here are considered useful for suspended sediment budget studies in water bodies of the basin. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Freshwater monitoring; Lake tana; MODIS; TSS	Budget control; Developing countries; Lakes; Mean square error; Radiometers; Rivers; Sediments; Water; Water quality; Empirical relationships; Lake Tana; MODIS; Root mean square errors; Sediment concentration; Stream water quality; Total suspended solids; TSS; Suspended sediments; freshwater environment; lake water; MODIS; pollution monitoring; remote sensing; satellite imagery; streamwater; suspended sediment; Terra (satellite); time series; water quality; Article; catchment; Egypt; environmental monitoring; hydrology; image analysis; lake ecosystem; mathematical model; priority journal; satellite imagery; sediment; sensitivity analysis; stream (river); suspended particulate matter; validation process; water analysis; water flow; water quality; analysis; chemistry; lake; procedures; river; water pollutant; Blue Nile Basin; Ethiopia; Lake Tana; Nile Basin; water pollutant; Environmental Monitoring; Geologic Sediments; Hydrology; Lakes; Rivers; Satellite Imagery; Water Movements; Water Pollutants	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-66349139085	Evaluation of extracts of Jatropha curcas and Moringa oleifera in culture media for selective inhibition of saprophytic fungal contaminants	Ayanbimpe G.M., Ojo T.K., Afolabi E., Opara F., Orsaah S., Ojerinde O.S.	2009	Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis	23	3	10.1002/jcla.20311	Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Department of Microbiol	Ayanbimpe, G.M., Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Ojo, T.K., Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Afolabi, E., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Opara, F., Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Orsaah, S., Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Ojerinde, O.S., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	Most fungi occur in nature and utilize simple sources of carbohydrates and nitrogen for growth. Sabouraud's dextrose agar has been an ideal medium for primary isolation of fungi from clinical specimens, but for specimens from nonsterile sites or heavily contaminated ones, it has been necessary to include inhibitory substances such as antibiotics like chloramphenicol (antibacterial) and cycloheximide (antifungal). The problems we have in the our laboratory owing to frequent contamination of cultures and the delays in the procurement of cycloheximide have stimulated a search for alternatives in our local environment to enhance effective laboratory diagnoses of fungal infections. Purified extracts of the leaves and bark of Jatropha curcas and Moringa oleifera (common plants in our locality) were tested against clinical isolates of fungi at various concentrations to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration at which common fungal contaminants are inhibited, without affecting the growth of the pathogenic fungi sought for. At a concentration of 0.75mgml-1 contaminants were totally inhibited by the leaf extracts. The bark extracts did not inhibit any fungus even at higher concentrations. From the results it was evident that the leaf extracts of both plants have potentials for use as inhibitory substances in culture media against contaminant fungi including Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., etc. J. curcas and M. oleifera are very common plants in our locality. They can be obtained at almost no cost and at any time needed. The benefits of these findings to mycology laboratories in a developing country are enormous. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	Contaminant fungi; Jatropha; Moringa; Selective inhibition	plant extract; antifungal activity; article; bark; concentration response; controlled study; culture medium; fungal contamination; fungus growth; Jatropha; laboratory test; minimum inhibitory concentration; Moringa oleifera; nonhuman; plant leaf; saprotroph; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillus; Cell Proliferation; Culture Media; Cycloheximide; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; Humans; Jatropha; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mitosporic Fungi; Moringa oleifera; Mycoses; Penicillium; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Trichophyton; Aspergillus; Fungi; Jatropha; Jatropha curcas; Moringa; Moringa oleifera; Penicillium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943455874	Evaluation of the intensity of the daytime surface urban heat island: how can remote sensing help?	Ayanlade A., Jegede O.O.	2015	International Journal of Image and Data Fusion	6	4	10.1080/19479832.2014.985618	Department of Geography, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, Nigeria; Department of Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, Nigeria	Ayanlade, A., Department of Geography, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, Nigeria; Jegede, O.O., Department of Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, Nigeria	This study aimed at using remote sensing methodology to assess the daytime surface urban heat island (SUHI) in Lagos metropolis. Several studies have examined the SUHI, using point data from meteorological stations. However, it has been shown in the literature recently that it is practically impossible to accurately value the intensity of SUHI from ground meteorological measurement due to heterogeneity and complexity of surface temperature over land. Therefore a time series of Landsat data, from 1984 to 2012, were used in the present study to assess spatial and temporal variability in the contribution of source and sink landscape to daytime SUHI in Lagos. This study uses remote sensing methods because Lagos has a strong heterogeneity of land surface characteristics; with several drainage, vegetation, built-up and soil between the coast and mainland, thus the land surface temperature (LST) changes rapidly in space and time. The results from this study show differences in the contribution of source and sink landscape to SUHI. The main findings from the results show that source landscape contributes positively to the intensity of SUHI in Lagos metropolis. The results show a general increase in mean LST during the periods of study from 1984 to 2012. The north-west (NW) zone of Lagos has highest LST compared to other zones. In 1984, the mean LST of NW zone was 300.53 K, but increased to 301.85 K in 2000 and 302.85 K in 2012. Although contributions from the landscapes differ by zones and time, much more intensified LST was noted in the NW zone of the city. The study find out that change in landcover has been the most important driver of intensified SUHI in Lagos metropolis. NW zone recorded the highest increased in built-up area throughout the years: 320.32 km2 in 1984, 535.28 km2 in 2000 and 630.70 km2 in 2012. This study demonstrates therefore that it is possible to assess spatial distribution and long-term temporal evolution of the LST in urban area, using remote sensing data. Also the results shows that remote sensing methods offer possibility for measuring LST over complete spatially averaged rather than point values. The results from this study further our understanding that not only the SUHI is frequent to cities in developed countries, but the effects are also obvious in several urban settlements in tropical countries. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.	daytime surface urban heat island; remote sensing data	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750056977	Nutritional evaluation of cornflakes waste in diets for broilers	Ayanwale B.A., Aya V.E.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	5	5	10.3923/pjn.2006.485.489	Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	Ayanwale, B.A., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Aya, V.E., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	A nine week feeding trial was conducted to assess the nutritional value of cornflakes waste in broiler diets. Maize and cornflakes waste were used in various proportions as energy sources such that diets T1, T2, T3 T4, and T5 had maize at 100.0, 80.0, 60.0, 40.0 and 0.0 %; and cornflakes waste at 0.0, 20.0, 40.0, 60.0 and 100.0 % levels respectively. Data were collected on chemical composition of cornflakes waste and on the amino acid profile, nutrient digestibility, cooking loss and cooking yield of the meat from the broilers. Results showed that the cornflakes waste is higher in DM, CF and NFE but lower in CP, EE, ash, M.E. and methionine compared to maize. The highest nutrient digestibility was obtained in broilers fed 80.0% maize and 20.0% cornflakes waste mixture similar to the one from birds fed 100 % cornflakes waste as an energy source. This was an improvement over the digestibility of birds fed control diet at the starter phase. The results were attributed to the physicochemical changes that occurred during the processing of raw maize and other materials into cornflakes waste. Broilers fed 100 % cornflakes waste had higher (p&lt;0.05) cooking loss and lower cooking yield compared to birds fed the control diet. Diet T2 with 80% maize and 20% cornflakes waste produced broilers with better meat quality due to its rigid structure as a result of the low cooking loss. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Broiler diet; Cornflakes waste; Maize; Nutrient digestibility	amino acid; methionine; amino acid analysis; animal food; animal tissue; article; ash; cereal; chemical composition; chicken; controlled study; cooking; digestion; energy resource; food processing; food quality; information processing; maize; meat; nonhuman; nutrient; nutritional assessment; nutritional value; physical chemistry; waste; Aves; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845797149	Performance and egg quality characteristics of pullets fed activated sheabutter charcoal based diets	Ayanwale B.A., Lanko A.G., Kudu Y.S.	2006	International Journal of Poultry Science	5	10	None	Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Niger State Ministry of Agriculture, Veterinary Services Division, Bosso, Minna, Nigeria	Ayanwale, B.A., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria; Lanko, A.G., Niger State Ministry of Agriculture, Veterinary Services Division, Bosso, Minna, Nigeria; Kudu, Y.S., Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted to investigate the growth performance, nutrient utilization, egg quality characteristics and cost-benefit values of feeding different levels activated sheabutter tree charcoal to laying pullets. Five experimental diets supplemented with activated sheabutter charcoal were formulated to contain 0.0 (control), 10.0, 20.0, 30.0 and 40.0% levels of the charcoal. A total of 150 day-old pullets were used for the study and were fed the diets till they were 22 weeks of age. The results showed no beneficial effect of feeding activated sheabutter charcoal to pullets up to 15 weeks of age as there were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the performance parameters measured up to this stage. At the laying stage, activated sheabutter charcoal significantly (p<0.05) improved egg weight from (48 ± 3.01) in the control to (54.86 ± 3.01) in 40.0% charcoal level. Percent cracked eggs also reduced significantly (p<0.05) from 15.33% (control) to 0.20% in 40.0% activated sheabutter charcoal level. No significant (p>0.05) effect of activated sheabutter charcoal was observed on the internal egg quality parameters measured. The pullets fed activated charcoal had higher economic returns than the control. The results were attributed to increased mineral intake and utilization enhanced by charcoal supplementation and also improved absorption capacity of charcoal for dietary fat. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Cost-benefit; Egg quality; Sheabutter tree charcoal	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052590393	Performance of building technology graduates in the construction industry in Ghana	Ayarkwa J., Dansoh A., Adinyira E., Amoah P.	2011	Education and Training	53	6	10.1108/00400911111159485	Department of Building Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Ayarkwa, J., Department of Building Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Dansoh, A., Department of Building Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Adinyira, E., Department of Building Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Amoah, P., Department of Building Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Purpose: This paper aims to assess the perception of the Ghanaian construction industry of the performance of entry-level building technology graduates. Also, other non-technical skills or attributes expected from building technology graduates are to be compared with the actual proficiency of the graduates. Design/methodology/approach: The findings in this paper are based on a series of interviews and structured questionnaire survey of randomly selected contractors and consultants in the Ghanaian construction industry. Findings: The overall performance of the graduates was considered acceptable by the construction industry. However, much more needed to be done in "coordination" and "scheduling" of site activities by graduates who work as site managers, and in "coordination of site activities" and "issuance of site instructions" for those who work as project managers for contractors. There was a considerable gap between the expectations of the construction industry practitioners and the actual proficiency of building technology graduates in "initiative and creativity", "practical building knowledge", "ability to define and solve problems", and other equally important attributes. The graduates, however, met the expectations of contractors in "computer literacy", "communication skills", and "interpersonal skills", and consultants in "computer literacy" and "leadership capability". Social implications: The results of the study enable entry-level graduates to realize their deficiencies for continual improvement, and the training institution to develop training curricula responsive to the needs of the industry. Originality/value: Even though results from this study generally show a disparity in the expected and actual proficiency levels of building technology graduates, as frequently reported in the literature, it provides a new insight into this problem by providing evidence to the effect that the problem is only manifest in some specific non-technical skill requirements. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Building technology; Construction industry; Ghana; Graduates; Performance management; Performance measures; Quantity surveying	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880506856	Evaluating the performance of small scale maize producers in nigeria: An integrated distance function approach	Aye G.C., Mungatana E.D.	2013	Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies	25	2	10.1111/rurd.12010	Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Aye, G.C., Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Mungatana, E.D., Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	The study evaluates the performance of small scale maize producers in Nigeria using stochastic input distance function (SIDF) and variable returns to scale data envelopment analysis (VRS DEA). Further, it examines the determinants of technical efficiency using the double-bounded Tobit regression model. Results show that maize farmers are operating below the frontier. Technical efficiency estimates from SIDF and VRS DEA models are 86.7 percent and 85.5 percent, respectively. The efficiency estimates obtained from the two models are positively and significantly correlated. Given the high correlation between the two models in our analysis, and for individual variance and bias reduction, the efficiency scores from these models for each farmer are further combined into a single index using the principal component analysis (PCA) approach. Technical efficiency from the integrated model is 86.2 percent. Our findings show that maize production could still be raised by improving farm efficiency. Age, education, household size, membership of a farmer group, access to credit, and market were found to be statistically significant in explaining technical efficiency, thus emphasizing the need for policy intervention in improving farm efficiency. © The Applied Regional Science Conference (ARSC)/Wiley.	None	crop production; data envelopment analysis; maize; numerical model; principal component analysis; small scale industry; technical efficiency; Nigeria; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938520071	Do Stock Prices Impact Consumption and Interest Rate in South Africa? Evidence from a Time-varying Vector Autoregressive Model	Aye G.C., Gupta R., Modise M.P.	2015	Journal of Emerging Market Finance	14	2	10.1177/0972652715584267	Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Aye, G.C., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Gupta, R., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Modise, M.P., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	This article investigates the existence of spillovers from stock prices onto consumption and the interest rate for South Africa using a time-varying parameter vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model with stochastic volatility. In this regard, we estimate a three-variable TVP-VAR model comprising real consumption growth rate, the nominal three-months Treasury bill rate and the growth rate of real stock prices. We find that the impact of a real stock price shocks on consumption is in general positive, with large and significant effects observed at the one-quarter-ahead horizon. However, there is also evidence of significant negative spillovers from the stock market to consumption during the financial crisis, at both short and long horizons. The monetary policy response to stock price shocks has been persistent, and strong especially post the financial liberalisation in 1985, but became weaker during the financial crisis. Overall, we provide evidence of significant time-varying spillovers on consumption and interest rate from the stock market. JEL Classification: C11, C15, C32, E31, E32, E44, E52 © 2015, © 2015 Institute for Financial Management and Research.	Bayesian inference; consumption; Markov chain Monte Carlo; monetary policy; stochastic volatility; stock price; structural vector autoregression; time-varying parameter	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942104082	The Impact of Exchange Rate Uncertainty on Exports in South Africa	Aye G.C., Gupta R., Moyo P.S., Pillay N.	2015	Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy	6	1	10.1142/S1793993315500040	Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Aye, G.C., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Gupta, R., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Moyo, P.S., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Pillay, N., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	This paper examines the impact of real effective exchange rate uncertainty (REER) on aggregate exports of South Africa for the period 1986Q4-2013Q2. Using a bivariate framework where the structural vector autoregression (VAR) is modified to accommodate bivariate GARCH-in-Mean (GARCH-M) errors, we find that exchange rate uncertainty has a significant and negative effect on exports. Comparing the response of exports to a shock in exchange rate from a model that includes the REER uncertainty with results from a model that restricts the coefficient of the exchange rate uncertainty to zero, we find that the response is more pronounced in the former model. Furthermore, real exports respond asymmetrically to negative and positive shocks of REER of the same size. © 2015 World Scientific Publishing Company.	bivariate GARCH-in-Mean VAR; Exchange rate uncertainty; exports; real effective exchange rate	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-83055181508	Performance of rapid DiaMed OptiMal-IT ® malaria test in an endemic Ghanaian setting	Ayeh-Kumi P.F., Akalifa B.G., Nkrumah N.O., Asmah R.H., Dayie N.T.K.D.	2011	Journal of Parasitic Diseases	35	2	10.1007/s12639-011-0045-4	Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, P.O. Box 4236, Accra, Ghana; Navrongo Health Research Centre, P.O. Box 114, Navrongo, Ghana; Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, P.O. Box 4236, Accra, Ghana; University of Ghana School of Allied Health Sciences, P.O. Box KB 143, Accra, Korle-Bu, Ghana	Ayeh-Kumi, P.F., Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, P.O. Box 4236, Accra, Ghana; Akalifa, B.G., Navrongo Health Research Centre, P.O. Box 114, Navrongo, Ghana; Nkrumah, N.O., Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, P.O. Box 4236, Accra, Ghana; Asmah, R.H., University of Ghana School of Allied Health Sciences, P.O. Box KB 143, Accra, Korle-Bu, Ghana; Dayie, N.T.K.D., Department of Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, P.O. Box 4236, Accra, Ghana	At peripheral health facility levels, the diagnosis of malaria is difficult due to lack of infrastructure. In the study reported here, the diagnostic performance of a batch of 'DiaMed OptiMAL-IT' (Cressier, Switzerland) rapid antigen tests were examined in parallel with routine microscopy for a select population of high risk individuals: 202 pregnant women and 200 children less than 5 years old in an endemic setting in Ghana. Results of both diagnostic methods were compared to that of cross-checking microscopy, taken as gold standard, at the Navrongo Health Research Centre. Of the 402 patients, 218 (54.2%) were confirmed with Plasmodium falciparum infections by cross-checking. All 218 patients (100%) were accurately diagnosed with malaria by routine microscopy. Of these, 151 (69.3%) were positive by DiaMed OptiMAL-IT test (26 false positives, 67 false negatives). DiaMed OptiMAL-IT had the following performance indicators for detection of P. falciparum among pregnant women and children less than 5 years respectively: Sensitivity-50.5% [95% CI (40.6-60.3)], 87.7% [95% CI (78.7-92.1)]; Specificity-82.5% [95% CI (73.1-89.1)], 89.6% [95% CI (80.8-94.8)]; Predictive values for positive tests-75.7% [95% CI (63.7-84.8)], 91.6% [95% CI(85.2-95.8%)]; Predictive values for negative tests-60.6% [95% CI (51.7-68.9)], 83.8% [95% CI (74.5-90.3)]; Likelihood ratio for positive tests-2.88, 10.8; Likelihood ratio for negative tests-0.59, 0.19; Cohens Kappa values-0.33 [95% CI (0.20-0.43), 0.76 [95% CI (0.65-0.83)]. Our results suggest that DiaMed OptiMAL-IT tests should not replace microscopy in our endemic setting. © 2011 Indian Society for Parasitology.	Diagnosis; Ghana; Malaria; Performance; Rapid	antimalarial agent; adult; article; child; controlled study; diagnostic procedure; endemic disease; female; Ghana; health care facility; high risk patient; human; laboratory diagnosis; major clinical study; malaria falciparum; malaria test; male; microscopy; nonhuman; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium malariae; Plasmodium ovale; Plasmodium vivax; predictive value; pregnant woman; preschool child; priority journal; school child; screening test; sensitivity and specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40949099573	Evaluation of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) strip for diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis in Hassoba school children, Afar, Ethiopia	Ayele B., Erko B., Legesse M., Hailu A., Medhin G.	2008	Parasite	15	1	None	Carter Center-Ethiopia, P.O. Box 13373, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Ayele, B., Carter Center-Ethiopia, P.O. Box 13373, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Erko, B., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Legesse, M., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Hailu, A., Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Medhin, G., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	A total of 206 urine samples collected from Hassoba Elementary schoolchildren, Afar, Ethiopia, a low Schistosoma haematobium endemic setting, was diagnosed to evaluate the performance of CCA strip using double references, urine filtration technique and urinalysis dipstick (Combur 10 Test®] that detect schistosome eggs and blood in urine, respectively. The former was used as a gold standard reference method. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for the CCA were 52 %, 63.8 %, 56.7 % and 59 % respectively, with reference to urine filtration technique whereas these parameters were 50.4 %, 62.4 %, 55.6 % and 57.5 % respectively, with reference to Combur 10 Test®. 47 S. haematobium egg-positive children were found negative by CCA strip while 38 egg-negative children were found positive by CCA strip. Moreover, among the pre-tests done in duplicate, inconsistent results were also recorded. Assays were also compared with regard to the cost of equipment and reagents, speed and simplicity of use. Though CCA strip was found to be rapid and could be performed with minimal training, it was found to be expensive (US $ 4.95 per test) to use it for large-scale field use even if its diagnostic value would have been satisfactory. Further development and standardization of the CCA strip are required for its applicability for field use. It is also recommended that its cost per strip should be substantially cut down if it is to be used in poor schistosomiasis endemic countries.	Circulating cathodic antigen strip; Diagnosis; Ethiopia; Urinary schistosomiasis	CCA protein, Schistosoma mansoni; glycoprotein; helminth protein; parasite antigen; unclassified drug; adolescent; adult; animal; article; child; cost; economics; Ethiopia; female; filtration; human; isolation and purification; male; parasite identification; prediction and forecasting; preschool child; Schistosoma hematobium; sensitivity and specificity; test strip; urine; Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Antigens, Helminth; Child; Child, Preschool; Costs and Cost Analysis; Ethiopia; Female; Filtration; Glycoproteins; Helminth Proteins; Humans; Male; Parasite Egg Count; Predictive Value of Tests; Reagent Strips; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosomiasis haematobia; Sensitivity and Specificity; Schistosoma; Schistosoma haematobium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943327905	Impact of co-administration of red palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Arecaceae) and rooibos (Aspalathus linearis Fabaceae) on glycaemic parameters, liver function and key glycolytic enzymes in diabetic rats	Ayeleso A.O., Oguntibeju O.O., Brooks N.L.	2015	Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research	14	9	10.4314/tjpr.v14i9.10	Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa; Department of Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa	Ayeleso, A.O., Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa; Oguntibeju, O.O., Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa; Brooks, N.L., Department of Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa	Purpose: To investigate the anti-diabetic effects of red palm oil (RPO), rooibos tea extract (RTE) and their combination (RPO + RTE). Methods: Diabetes was induced by a single administration of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) and the rats were treated for 49 days. The effects of these plant products on plasma glucose, serum insulin, serum fructosamine, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbIAC), liver enzymes in serum and liver glycolytic enzymes were studied using standard techniques. Results: The combined treatment of RPO and RTE significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the glucose (20.98 ± 6.46 mmol/L to 15.60 ± 5.94 mmol/L), HbIAC (16.74 ± 2.73 % to 12.41 ± 2.25 %), fructosamine (98.61 ± 23.35 mmol/L to 62.52 ± 28.41 mmol/L) levels and increased insulin (0.30 ± 0.09 ng/mL to 0.72 ± 0.21 ng/mL) levels in the diabetic rats. Similarly, the combined treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum of diabetic rats. RPO + RTE significantly (p < 0.05) increased the activity of pyruvate kinase in the liver when compared with the diabetic control group. Conclusion: Combined treatment with red palm oil and rooibos shows promising beneficial effects in diabetic conditions of rats. Further studies on the mechanism of actions of the plant products are required. © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria. All rights reserved.	Diabetic rats; Glycaemic parameters; Glycolytic enzymes; Liver function; Red palm oil; Rooibos	alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; fructosamine; glucose; glycolytic enzyme; hemoglobin A1c; insulin; plant extract; pyruvate kinase; red palm oil; rooibos tea extract; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antidiabetic activity; Article; controlled study; liver function; male; nonhuman; rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649399126	Evaluation of in vivo antihypertensive and in vitro vasodepressor activities of the leaf extract of syzygium guineense (willd) D.C.	Ayele Y., Urga K., Engidawork E.	2010	Phytotherapy Research	24	10	10.1002/ptr.3141	Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Ethiopia	Ayele, Y., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Urga, K., Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Ethiopia; Engidawork, E., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The aim of this work was to evaluate the antihypertensive activity of the hydroalcohol extract of the leaves of Syzygium guineense (Willd) D.C. (Myrtaceae) in a 1-kidney-1-clip rat model and its vasorelaxant effect on isolated aorta. The extract reduced blood pressure in a dose and time dependent fashion. Following 3 days of treatment, single oral daily doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg caused an overall reduction (p &lt; 0.05) of systolic blood pressure by 6.9, 34.0 and 40.8 mmHg, respectively. The diastolic blood pressure was, however, significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.05) by 100 mg/kg (10.3 mmHg) and 150 mg/kg (18.4 mmHg) doses only. The mean blood pressure was reduced by 5.0, 18.3 and 25.9 mmHg by the respective doses. The extract also caused a dose-dependent relaxation of aorta precontracted with KCl at a concentration of 5-70 mg/mL, with a maximum relaxation of 56.22% achieved at 70 mg/mL concentration. The relaxation mechanism was found to be independent of the endothelium system, muscarinic receptors, histamine receptors, ATP dependent K+ channels, cyclooxygenase enzymes and cGMP/NO pathway. The findings suggest that the extract had an antihypertensive effect most likely caused by dilation of the blood vessels, a confirmation for the folkloric use of the plant. © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	1K1C rat model; antihypertensive; hydroalcohol extract; Syzyguim guineense; vasorelaxation	adenosine triphosphate sensitive potassium channel; antihypertensive agent; cyclic GMP; histamine receptor; muscarinic receptor; nitric oxide; plant extract; prostaglandin synthase; Syzygium guineense extract; unclassified drug; vasodilator agent; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antihypertensive activity; aorta; article; blood pressure regulation; diastolic blood pressure; dose response; female; in vitro study; in vivo study; male; mean arterial pressure; Myrtaceae; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; reticuloendothelial system; systolic blood pressure; Syzygium guineense; vasodilatation; Angiosperms; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Aorta; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vasodilation; Vasodilator Agents; Myrtaceae; Rattus; Syzygium guineense	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350347388	Performance and limitation of two dairy production systems in the North western Ethiopian highlands	Ayenew Y.A., Wurzinger M., Tegegne A., Zollitsch W.	2009	Tropical Animal Health and Production	41	7	10.1007/s11250-008-9294-3	Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Division of Livestock Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Andassa Livestock Research Centre, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya	Ayenew, Y.A., Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Division of Livestock Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria, Andassa Livestock Research Centre, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Wurzinger, M., Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Division of Livestock Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya; Tegegne, A., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Zollitsch, W., Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Division of Livestock Sciences, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria	In order to characterise the dairy production systems as well as the productive and reproductive performance of dairy cows in the study area, a total of 256 and 54 dairy farms were used for survey and monitoring data collection, respectively. Based on breed, land size, feed and market accessibility, two major dairy production systems were identified: a rather specialized, urban, and a peri-urban dairy production system. Urban farmers owned larger herds but farmed less land, and sold a greater proportion of liquid milk than peri-urban farmers, who processed more milk. Purchased feed played a more important role for the feed supply of urban than peri-urban farms. Significant breed effects were found for productive and reproductive performance traits. It is concluded that improved breeding and health management, genetic improvement of local breeds and supplementation of poor quality feed resources are the key factors for enhancing productivity of dairy cows and thereby increasing family income from milk production. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.	Dairy cows; Ethiopia; Milk yield; Production system; Reproduction	animal; animal food; article; breeding; cattle; dairying; Ethiopia; female; genetics; methodology; milk; physiology; questionnaire; reproduction; statistical model; statistics; tropic climate; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Breeding; Cattle; Dairying; Ethiopia; Female; Linear Models; Milk; Questionnaires; Reproduction; Tropical Climate; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053340045	Impact of selected landuse types on surface water quality downstream of asa dam in Kwara State, Nigeria	Ayeni A., Balogun I., Adeaga O.	2005	Journal of Environmental Systems	32	3	10.2190/ES.32.3.c	University of Lagos, Nigeria	Ayeni, A., University of Lagos, Nigeria; Balogun, I., University of Lagos, Nigeria; Adeaga, O., University of Lagos, Nigeria	This study examines the impact of selected land use types on surface water quality downstream of Asa dam in Ilorin, Southwestern Nigeria. Water samples were collected at seven points (including a control, 0.50 km from Asa dam). Four-sampling points fall within agricultural land use area, two within light industrial/residential area, and the control was within an undisturbed natural environment. The level/concentration of 10 physico-chemical parameters, color, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, total hardness (CaCO3), calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, chloride, calcium, and nitrate were determined using standard procedures. GIS was used to determine the extent of land cover by Asa dam and its downstream environment including the length of River Asa in respect to sampling points. This was achieved through the map generated from satellite imageries and the use of GPS. This article presents and discusses the results of laboratory analyses undertaken, spatial variability in the level/concentration of the water quality parameters, as well as the consequences of sustained use of River Asa water without treatment for domestic purposes. The results show that the quality of River Asa downstream of the dam was impaired to different degrees using WHO standards for the selected parameters and land use types. Consequently, using the water for domestic purposes, in particular as currently obtained in the area, portends grave danger to human health and the situationwill be worse in the near future if necessary control is not put in place.	None	Agricultural land use; Domestic purpose; Human health; Laboratory analysis; Land cover; Land use type; Natural environments; Nigeria; Physicochemical parameters; Sampling points; Spatial variability; Standard procedures; Total dissolved solids; Water quality parameters; Water samples; Chlorine compounds; Dams; Dissolved oxygen; Hardness; Land use; Magnesium; Rivers; Satellite imagery; Water quality; Water treatment; Biochemical oxygen demand	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955716642	Evaluation of the functional potential of Weissella and Lactobacillus isolates obtained from Nigerian traditional fermented foods and cow's intestine	Ayeni F.A., Sánchez B., Adeniyi B.A., de los Reyes-Gavilán C.G., Margolles A., Ruas-Madiedo P.	2011	International Journal of Food Microbiology	147	2	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.03.014	Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Ph	Ayeni, F.A., Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Sánchez, B., Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Adeniyi, B.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; de los Reyes-Gavilán, C.G., Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Margolles, A., Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain; Ruas-Madiedo, P., Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lacteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain	The characterisation of 24 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates from Nigerian traditional fermented dairy foods, including some cow's intestine isolates, was conducted in order to select isolates for potential use as probiotics. LAB isolates were identified by partial sequencing the 16S rRNA gene as belonging to the species Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus brevis and mainly Weissella confusa. At the end of a characterisation process, 2 L. paracasei and 2 W. confusa isolates were selected, and their resistance to a simulated gastrointestinal digestion and their ability to adhere to eukaryotic cell lines were assessed. The survival to the simulated gastrointestinal passage was higher when bacterial suspensions were made in skimmed milk (2.0 ± 0.8 log units reduction) or at the simulated gastric juice pH 3 (2.7 ± 0.9 log units reduction) than at pH 2.0 (5.5 ± 0.7 log units reduction). Adhesion of LAB to both intestinal and vaginal epithelial models was comparable or higher than that of the reference Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. However, some of the isolates increased the adhesion of the pathogen Escherichia coli LMG2092 to HT-29 and HeLa monolayers. Overall, isolates L. paracasei UI14 and W. confusa UI7 are good candidates for further studying potential benefits that support their use as probiotics. This is one of the few articles reporting the characterisation and the probiotic potential of Weissella, although more studies are needed in order to establish their safety for potential probiotic applications. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Adhesion epithelial cell culture; Antibiotic resistance; Gastrointestinal transit; Lactobacillus; Probiotic; Weissella	probiotic agent; RNA 16S; animal tissue; article; bacterial survival; bacterium identification; bacterium isolate; cell strain HT29; controlled study; cow; digestion; Escherichia coli; fermentation; food; gene sequence; HeLa cell; human; human cell; intestine; Lactobacillus brevis; Lactobacillus paracasei; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; milk; monolayer culture; Nigeria; nonhuman; pathogenesis; stomach juice; stomach pH; Weissella; Weissella confusa; Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Cattle; Cell Line; Dairy Products; Escherichia coli; Female; Hela Cells; Humans; Intestines; Lactobacillus; Nigeria; Probiotics; Weissella; Bacteria (microorganisms); Escherichia coli; Eukaryota; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus brevis; Lactobacillus paracasei; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Weissella; Weissella confusa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864298294	Safety evaluation of Enterococcus faecalis FAA025 and Streptococcus equines FAA026 for human probiotic application	Ayeni F.A., Adeniyi B.	2012	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research	15	1	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Ayeni, F.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adeniyi, B., Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Enterococcus faecalis FAA025 and Streptococcus equines FAA026 have been previously selected for their probiotic potentials for human application. This study was carried out to ascertain that the strains are safe for human consumption through screening for tranferable antibiotic resistant and biogenic amines genes. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the two bacterial strains were studied by broth microdilution. Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) of the isolates were tested to detect tetracycline and neomycin resistant genes. (tet W and aph 3-II). The presence of 3 biogenic amine genes (tyrosine decarboxylase, (tdc), histidine decarboxylase (hdc) and agmatine deimininase (AgDI) were screened in the 2 bacterial isolates by PCR reactions. The two bacterial strains were sensitive to most tested antibiotics. Tetracycline and neomycin resistant genes could not be detected in the two bacterial strains. The 3 biogenic amines genes were absent in Streptococcus equines FAA026 while tdc and AgDI genes were detected in Enterococcus faecalis FAA025. With reference to absence of antibiotic resistant genes and biogenic amines genes, Streptococcus equines FAA026 is safe for probiotic use while Enterococcus faecalis FAA025 has been screened out of further studies on its potential probiotic properties due to the presence of tdc and AgDI genes.	Bacteria; Genes; Polymerase Chain Reactions; Probiotics; Safety	ampicillin; biogenic amine; chloramphenicol; ciprofloxacin; clindamycin; cotrimoxazole; erythromycin; fosfomycin; gentamicin; kanamycin; neomycin; nitrofurantoin; probiotic agent; streptomycin; tetracycline; AgDI gene; antibiotic resistance; antibiotic sensitivity; article; bacterial gene; bacterial strain; bacterium isolate; broth dilution; Enterococcus faecalis; gene identification; genetic screening; Hdc gene; human; microbial sensitivity test; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; product safety; risk assessment; Streptococcus equinus; tdc gene	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77049112778	Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of root and leaf extracts of Terminalia Glaucescens	Ayepola O.O.	2009	Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences	3	2	None	Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Ayepola, O.O., Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	An assessment of the antimicrobial activity of the leaf and root extracts of Terminalia glaucescens against certain bacterial isolates were carried out. The organisms tested included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus anthracis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Proteus spp, using the agar dilution method. The root and leaf extracts showed appreciable activity against all the tested organisms. However the root extract was found to have a higher activity at 100mg mL-than the 1 leaf extract at the same concentration especially on the two Gram positive bacteria tested. The mean diameter of the zones of inhibition exhibited by the extracts was between 15mm and 33mm. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extracts against the bacterial isolates were also determined. The lowest MIC observed for both the root and leaf extracts was 6.25 on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was compared with ampicillin used as a positive control. © 2009, American Eurasian Network for Scientific Information.	Agar dilution method; Antibacterial activity; Phytochemical screening; Terminalia glaucescens	Bacillus anthracis; Bacteria (microorganisms); Candida albicans; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Posibacteria; Proteus (enterobacteria); Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella typhi; Staphylococcus aureus; Terminalia; Terminalia glaucescens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856663066	The evaluation of whole-body vibration in a South African opencast mine	Aye S.A., Heyns P.S.	2011	Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy	111	11	None	Dynamic Systems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Aye, S.A., Dynamic Systems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Heyns, P.S., Dynamic Systems Group, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Vibration levels on a variety of equipment in a South African opencast mine were measured in this study. The well-established ISO 2631-1 (1997) standard methodology was used for the computation of weighted root mean square (WRMS) and vibration dose value (VDV). This method was used to evaluate the wholebody vibration (WBV) on a wide range of equipment in the opencast mine using the two main parameters, namely the daily exposure A(8) which is based on the WRMS concept and the VDV which measures shocks. The results obtained show that while the majority of the equipment rendered exposure levels that are below the exposure limit value (ELV), exposure levels on about half of the equipment do exceed the exposure action levels. The study also highlights the importance of shock in the observed responses. © The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2011.	Excavators; LHDs; Opencast mine; Other equipment; Whole-body vibration	Exposure level; Exposure limit value; LHDs; Main parameters; Opencast mine; Root Mean Square; Vibration level; Whole-body vibrations; Excavators; Metallurgy; Equipment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928883486	Performance evaluation of biodiesel-biodiesel blends in a dedicated CIDI engine	Ayetor G.K., Sunnu A., Parbey J.	2015	International Journal of Renewable Energy Research	5	1	None	Faculty of Engineering, Koforidua polytechnic, Box 981, Koforidua, Ghana; Faculty of Mechanical and Agric. Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, College of mechanical and agricultural engineering, Private mail bag, Kumasi, Ghana	Ayetor, G.K., Faculty of Engineering, Koforidua polytechnic, Box 981, Koforidua, Ghana; Sunnu, A., Faculty of Mechanical and Agric. Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, College of mechanical and agricultural engineering, Private mail bag, Kumasi, Ghana; Parbey, J., Faculty of Engineering, Koforidua polytechnic, Box 981, Koforidua, Ghana	Characteristics of biodiesel from Palm Kernel Oil Methyl Ester (PKOME), Jatropha Curcas Methyl Ester (JCME) & Coconut Oil Methyl Ester (COME) and their blends have been determined to run in a compression ignition direct injection (CIDI) internal combustion engine. The vegetable oils of Ghanaian origin (PKOME, COME and JCME) were converted to biodiesel by transesterification. Optimum amount of catalysts including 1% H2SO4, 1% NaOH and methanol: oil ratio between 6:1 and 8:1 produced the best yields of the biodiesels. The biodiesels were run in a VW diesel engine in an experiment. PKOME and COME were blended in proportions of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% to determine the best blend for optimum physiochemical properties and engine performance. JCME was also blended with COME in the same proportions. Exhaust emissions and fuel consumption best values were obtained with 75% COME and 25% PKOME at desirability of 97% with brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) of 15.4 MJ/kWh, CO (0.39 Vol. %), HC (45 ppm) and NOx (146 ppm). The best blend JCME and COME was in the proportion 75% JCME and 25% COME with BSEC of 13 MJ/kW h and CO, HC and NOx emissions of 0.24 Vol. %, 65 ppm and 256 ppm respectively. The best blends made engine performance properties close to petroleum diesel (BSEC= 11.8 MJ/kW h, CO=0.43 Vol. %, HC=103 ppm, NOx= 140 ppm). Therefore blends of JCME (75%) and COME (25%) produced better engine performance than petroleum diesel CO by 80% and HC by 58%. The result show that blending biodiesel of different feedstock can improve CIDI engine performance and exhaust emissions.	Biodiesel; Coconut oil, renewable energy; Jatropha; Palm kernel oil	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883700715	The impact of HIV/AIDS stigma on HIV counseling and testing in a high HIV prevalence population in Uganda	Ayiga N., Nambooze H., Nalugo S., Kaye D., Katamba A.	2013	African Health Sciences	13	2	10.4314/ahs.v13i2.12	Population Training and Research Unit, Mafikeng Campus, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda	Ayiga, N., Population Training and Research Unit, Mafikeng Campus, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Nambooze, H., College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Nalugo, S., College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Kaye, D., College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Katamba, A., College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda	Background: Despite its importance in HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment, HIV/AIDS Counseling and Testing (HCT) is low in sub-Saharan Africa, where the disease continues to be a serious public health problem. This has in part been attributed to HIV/AIDS related stigma. Objective: To assess the level of HIV/AIDS related stigma and its impact on uptake of HCT in a high HIV prevalence population in Uganda. Methods: The paper used cross-sectional data on 135 men and 185 women in reproductive ages. Data were analyzed using the Pearson's chi-square statistic and the random intercept binary logistic regression model to identify significant predictors of uptake of HCT. Results: The result shows that only 18.4% of the respondents, most of them men expressed highly stigmatizing attitudes against PLHA and 59%, men and women alike, received HCT. Uptake of HCT was higher among men (OR=1.89, p<0.01) and women (OR=4.48, p <0.001) who expressed least stigmatizing attitudes. Secondary/higher education, work in the informal sector and being ever married were significant predictors of uptake of HCT. Compared to men, women aged 25-34, 35+ and with one sexual partner were more likely to have received HCT. Conclusions: The low level of stigma, older age, higher level of education, being ever married and monogamous sexual relationships are significant predictors of increased uptake of HCT.	HIV counseling and Testing; Stigma; Uganda	adolescent; adult; article; attitude to illness; controlled study; counseling; educational status; employment status; female; HIV test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection rate; major clinical study; male; marriage; prediction; prevalence; sex difference; sexual behavior; social status; stigma; Uganda; HIV counseling and Testing; Stigma; Uganda; Adolescent; Adult; Counseling; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Sex Distribution; Social Stigma; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-48249110296	HIV/AIDS and cultural practices in western Kenya: The impact of sexual cleansing rituals on sexual behaviours	Ayikukwei R., Ngare D., Sidle J., Ayuku D., Baliddawa J., Greene J.	2008	Culture, Health and Sexuality	10	6	10.1080/13691050802012601	Moi University, AMPATH Program, Eldoret, Kenya; Population and Family Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States	Ayikukwei, R., Moi University, AMPATH Program, Eldoret, Kenya; Ngare, D., Population and Family Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Sidle, J., Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States; Ayuku, D., Population and Family Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Baliddawa, J., Population and Family Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Greene, J., Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States	This paper reports on an exploratory study examining the role of sexual cleansing rituals in the transmission of HIV among the Luo community in western Kenya. Data were collected using both in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The study population consisted of 38 widows, 12 community elders and 44 cleansers. Data were collected on non-behavioural causes, behavioural causes and behavioural indicators associated with sexual rituals. Content analysis revealed five central themes: the effect of the ritual on sexual behaviours; factors contributing to the continued practice of the ritual, including a sub-theme on the commercialization of the ritual; the inseparable relationship between the sanctity of sex, prosperity and fertility of the land; and the effects of modernization on the ritual, including a sub-theme on the effects of mass media on HIV-prevention awareness campaigns. Causal factors of unchanging sexual behaviours are deeply rooted in traditional beliefs, which the community uphold strongly. These beliefs encourage men and women to have multiple sexual partners in a context where the use of condoms is rejected and little HIV testing is carried out.	HIV/AIDS; Kenya; Sex cleansers; Sexual rituals; Widows	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; aged; article; awareness; commercial phenomena; condom; cultural anthropology; cultural value; female; health program; health promotion; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection prevention; interview; Kenya; male; mass medium; priority journal; ritual; safe sex; sexual behavior; social belief; virus transmission; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ceremonial Behavior; Cultural Characteristics; Developing Countries; Female; Grief; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; HIV Infections; Humans; Hygiene; Kenya; Male; Marriage; Middle Aged; Mortuary Practice; Sex Education; Sexual Behavior; Socialization; Unsafe Sex; Widowhood	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36049004040	Social and cultural significance of the sexual cleansing ritual and its impact on HIV prevention strategies in western Kenya	Ayikukwei R.M., Ngare D., Sidle J.E., Ayuku D.O., Baliddawa J., Greene J.Y.	2007	Sexuality and Culture	11	3	10.1007/s12119-007-9010-x	School of Medicine, AMPATH Program, Moi University, P.O. Box 4606, Eldoret 30100, Kenya; School of Medicine, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; School of Public Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States	Ayikukwei, R.M., School of Medicine, AMPATH Program, Moi University, P.O. Box 4606, Eldoret 30100, Kenya; Ngare, D., School of Medicine, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya, School of Public Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Sidle, J.E., School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Ayuku, D.O., School of Medicine, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya, School of Public Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Baliddawa, J., School of Medicine, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya, School of Public Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Greene, J.Y., School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States	Traditional cultural practices and sexual rituals have an important role in the life and structure of tribal groups within Kenya. These cultural practices and rituals also play a significant role in the spread of HIV. The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study was to document the underlying social and cultural significance of the sexual cleansing ritual and to assess its impact on HIV prevention strategies. The study participants were selected by purposive and snowball sampling. Data were collected using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and observations; they were analyzed using content analysis. The article gives detailed explanations of the meanings and symbols of the ritual in its cultural context as a ritual of social transition. Sexual intercourse is perceived as a sacred rite when performed as a ritual. It is associated with most social cultural activities like planting, harvesting, weddings and burial ceremonies. The underlying intention of this ritual is to cleanse evil spirits and to sanctify. Widows who are not cleansed are ostracized and discriminated. The continued practice of the ritual is perpetuated by a shared common belief system that affects social interactions of the community members. Widows and cleansers are believed to be purveyors of the HIV virus. The ritual encourages unprotected sex with multiple partners. These are barriers to HIV prevention strategies that are aimed at changing sexual behaviors.	Culture; HIV/AIDS; Rituals; Sexual behaviors; Sexual cleansing; Symbols	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53649106219	Performances of some estimators of linear model when stochastic regressors are correlated with autocorrelated error terms	Ayinde K.	2008	European Journal of Scientific Research	20	3	None	Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria	Ayinde, K., Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria	In linear model with autocorrelated error terms, regressors are not only assumed fixed (non - stochastic) in repeated sampling but also uncorrelated with the error terms. These assumptions are not always tenable especially in business, economics and social sciences. Therefore in this paper, we examined the performances of some estimators of linear model namely; ordinary least square(OLS) and four feasible generalized least estimators which are Cochrane Orcut (CORC), Hidreth - Lu (HILU), Maximum Likelihood (ML), Maximum Likelihood Grid (MLGD) when normally distributed stochastic regressors exhibit various degrees of correlation with the autocorrelated error terms through Monte - Carlo studies. At various levels of autocorrelation (ρ) and correlation between stochastic regressor and autocorrelated error terms (λ), the estimators are compared by examing the finite properties of estimators namely; sum of biases, sum of absolute biases, sum of variances and sum of the mean squared error of the estimated parameter of the model. Results show that except when λ →1 the best estimator is either ML or MLGD or both; and to a very lesser extent CORC and HILU when autocorrelation level is low (ρ = 0.4) and high (ρ = 0.8). When λ →1, the OLS estimator is best except when the sample size is moderate (n=40) and large (n=80). Furthermore, when the autocorrelation level is very high (ρ = 0.9) or tends to unity (ρ → 1) and λ≤0.75 the HILU and the CORC, in that order, are superior to the other estimators. However, when λ>0.75, the HILU, ML and to a lesser extent, CORC are best. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2008.	Correlation; Feasible GLS estimators; Linear model with autocorrelated error; OLS estimator; Stochastic regressors	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886677429	HIV/AIDS and its impact on education in sub-Saharan Africa: Policy initiatives and challenges	Ayiro L.	2012	International Perspectives on Education and Society	18	None	10.1108/S1479-3679(2012)0000018004	Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya	Ayiro, L., Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya	Impact mitigation strategies in sub-Saharan Africa on HIV/AIDS in the education sector involved initially the development of education sector policies. This study traces the policy development initiatives, level of implementation, progress made and existing challenges. The study is based on a close (textual) reading of authoritative literature from United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), World Bank, UNESCO and UNICEF for the last decade on global monitoring of HIV/AIDS and statistical data. Studies on the impact of HIV/AIDS on the education sector in sub-Saharan Africa have been brought into focus and themes have been extracted and synthesised from a comparative perspective to guide the development of this chapter. Across the countries, the education sector HIV/AIDS policies had concurrence with the countries' national HIV and AIDS policy or guidelines, and conformed to international conventions, national laws, policies, guidelines and regulations. Most of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa showed a significant decline in HIV prevalence among young women or men and opportunities to improve HIVprevention knowledge and behaviour still abound. Antiretroviral therapy and other types of treatment have expanded since the early 2000s, but the number of AIDS-related deaths remains high. This chapter fulfils an identified information/resources need and amplifies the progress achieved in the mitigation of the impact of HIV/AIDS on the education sector specifically and humanity in general. Copyright © 2012 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82455188587	Evaluation of elemental contents of wild mango (Irvingia gabonensis) fruit in Ghana	Ayivor J.E., Debrah S.K., Nuviadenu C., Forson A.	2011	Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology	3	5	None	National Reactors Research Centre, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Science, P.O. Box AE1, Accra, Ghana	Ayivor, J.E., National Reactors Research Centre, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Debrah, S.K., National Reactors Research Centre, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana, Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Science, P.O. Box AE1, Accra, Ghana; Nuviadenu, C., National Reactors Research Centre, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana, Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Science, P.O. Box AE1, Accra, Ghana; Forson, A., Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Science, P.O. Box AE1, Accra, Ghana	A preliminary study to provide information on the elemental composition of the Irvingia gabonensis which is used for various purposes such as cooking, medicine, soap and as fresh fruit was conducted in Ghana. Elements determined includes Aluminium (Al), Arsenic (As), Chlorine (Cl), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Iodine (I), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Sodium (Na), and Zinc (Zn). Samples from multiple locations in the southern part of Ghana were analyzed using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). The seed cover (endocarp) presented the highest concentrations of all the elements except Mg and Cu. Toxic and potentially toxic elements including Al and As were detected at average concentrations of 37.78±1.36 and 9.34±0.66. Iron had the hight concentration in all the parts of the fruit analyzed in this study with its highest concentration at 1730±180.83 in the seed coat (endocarp) of the wild mango fruit. The results of this present investigation show that all the parts of the wild mango a rich source of many important elements that have a very positive effect on human health. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2011.	Endocarp; INAA; Irvingia gabonensis; Mesocarp; Seed	Average concentration; Elemental compositions; Elemental contents; Endocarp; Fresh fruits; Human health; INAA; Instrumental neutron activation analysis; Irvingia gabonensis; Mesocarp; Positive effects; Potentially toxic elements; Seed coats; Arsenic; Chlorine; Cobalt; Fruits; Iodine; Magnesium; Manganese; Potassium; Seed; Sodium; Toxic materials; Zinc; Neutron activation analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886026763	Impact of land use on river systems in Ghana	Ayivor J.S., Gordon C.	2012	West African Journal of Applied Ecology	20	None	None	Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Ayivor, J.S., Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Gordon, C., Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Rivers play significant roles in the provision of water for domestic and industrial purposes. Nevertheless, land use dynamics continue to impact on river catchments which have negative repercussions for river health. This study focuses on land use change in the Okyeman Traditional Area, which encompasses three major river basins namely, the Densu, the Birim and the Ayensu. The study was aimed at investigating causes and impacts of land use change within the three river catchments and how these impacts could be curtailed to safeguard river health and sustainable water supply. Data for the study was derived from analysis of remotely sensed Landsat 7 ETM satellite imagery, and from questionnaire administration. Additional information was culled from the existing literature on land use, land use change, land cover change and related subjects. One major finding was that most of the river basins have undergone massive transformation over the last three decades as a result of various land use activities. The dominant land use types in the basins presently are agriculture, urban development, grazing, residential and transportation and fishing. The study also revealed that mining, indiscriminate waste disposal, water extraction and deforestation for fuel wood and other domestic uses, excessive use of chemical fertilizers and land degradation due to improper agricultural practices are also major land use activities that impact negatively on the river systems. The study concluded that there is the need to streamline land use activities, conserve vital ecosystems like watershed areas and maintain buffers along stream channels as a matter of policy to ensure adequate protection of aquatic fauna and to ensure sustainable water supply.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68149114270	Nutritional and phytochemical evaluation of cultivated Psathyrella atroumbonata Pegler, a Nigerian edible mushroom	Ayodele S.M., Okhuoya J.A.	2009	South African Journal of Science	105	04-Mar	None	Department of Biological Sciences, Kogi State University, P.M.B. 1008, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria; Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	Ayodele, S.M., Department of Biological Sciences, Kogi State University, P.M.B. 1008, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria; Okhuoya, J.A., Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	A nutritional and phytochemical evaluation of cultivated Psathyrella atroumbonata Pegler was carried out at the immature and mature stages of the mushroom. The cultivated mushroom is very rich in protein and fibres compared with the wild species, and has a low lipid and sugar content. The nutrient composition is dependent upon the stage of its development and nutrient content was at a maximum at immature stage and decreased during further development. Alkaloids were detected in the mature fruit body, but not in the immature stage. However, saponins and tannins were present in both immature and mature stages. Flavonoids and anthraquinones were absent in the mushroom. The importance of these findings is discussed.	Evaluation; Nutritional; Phytochemical; Psathyrella atroumbonata	developmental stage; mushroom; nutrition; phytochemistry; protein; wild population; Agaricus bisporus; Basidiomycota; Psathyrella	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36348983375	Evaluation of the yield of Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont) singer on selected economic tree species	Ayodele S.M., Akpaja E.O., Anyiador F.	2007	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	10	23	None	Department of Botany, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Department of Botany, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Ayodele, S.M., Department of Botany, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria; Akpaja, E.O., Department of Botany, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Anyiador, F., Department of Botany, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria	Sawdust from seven economic trees (Mansonia altissima, Piptadeniastrum africanum, Nesogordonia papaverifera, Combretodendron macrocarpum, Terminalia sp., Khaya ivorensis and Brachystegia nigerica were used to cultivate Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont) Singer. The highest mycelial density was observed in the sawdust of Mansonia altissimia and lowest in Piptadeniastrum africanum. Time of premodial emergence, fresh weight of mushroom and number of flushes varied from one sawdust to the other. The best sawdust for the growth of this mushroom among the sawdust of the economic trees was that of Combretodendron macrocarpum. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Economic trees; Evaluation; Lentinus squarrosulus; Yield	analysis of variance; article; economics; Lentinus; microbiology; physiology; tree; Analysis of Variance; Economics; Lentinula; Trees; Basidiomycota; Brachystegia; Khaya ivorensis; Lentinus; Lentinus squarrosulus; Mansonia altissima; Nesogordonia; Piptadeniastrum africanum; Terminalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875425751	The impact of wind power on power system transient stability based on probabilistic weighting method	Ayodele T.R., Jimoh A.A., Munda J.L., Agee J.T.	2012	Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy	4	6	10.1063/1.4771998	Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Staatsartillerie Road, Pretoria West Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Ayodele, T.R., Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Staatsartillerie Road, Pretoria West Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Jimoh, A.A., Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Staatsartillerie Road, Pretoria West Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Munda, J.L., Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Staatsartillerie Road, Pretoria West Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Agee, J.T., Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Staatsartillerie Road, Pretoria West Pretoria 0001, South Africa	This paper reports on the influence of wind power on transient stability of a power system taking into consideration the stochastic nature of a disturbance to the network. Traditionally, transient stability is evaluated using the deterministic method. This technique is usually considered for a single operating condition so called the worst case scenario. However, factors that affect the transient stability of a power system such as types of disturbance and its location, the clearing time, and even the pre-disturbance system state are all random processes. A probabilistic method using conditional probability is used in analysing the effects of wind generator technologies, wind power location, and wind power penetration level on the transient stability of a power system. The indices for probability of stability are established; comparison is made between the probabilistic and deterministic techniques in the evaluation of risk of instability of a power system consisting wind generators. DigSilent power factory 14.0 and matlab™ are employed in the analysis. Some of the key results show that wind power has both positive and negative influences on the transient stability of a power system depending on the location of the wind farm and the penetration level of the wind power. The deterministic approach gives a high pessimistic result compared to the probabilistic method. The probabilistic technique has the ability to quantify the level of instability in a power system. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.	None	Conditional probabilities; Deterministic approach; Deterministic technique; DigSILENT power factories; Power system transient stability; Probabilistic technique; Wind generator systems; Wind power penetration; Electric utilities; Random processes; Risks; Wind power; Wind turbines; Stability	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884540221	Impacts of tie-lines and wind generator location on small signal stability of a power system	Ayodele T.R., Jimoh A.A., Munda J.L., Agee J.T.	2013	International Journal of Renewable Energy Research	3	1	None	Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa	Ayodele, T.R., Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa; Jimoh, A.A., Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa; Munda, J.L., Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa; Agee, J.T., Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa	This paper analyses the impact of tie-lines connecting different areas of power system and the location of wind farms on the small signal stability of a power system. The analysis is conducted using Monte Carlo simulation via modal analysis. The random samples are generated from two-parameter Weibull distribution to obtain possible representation of wind speed needed for the generation of wind power using Latin hypercube sampling techniques. The sampling technique allows the usage of a small sample size, which helps in reducing the simulation cost without jeopardising the accuracy ofthe result. Different scenarios are created and the oscillatory modes are calculated for different operating condition. The changes in modal characteristic of the system due to different operating conditions are evaluated by observing the movement on the complex plane. The results of the modal analysis for each scenario are validated using time domain simulation. Some of the key results show that wind power can have either positive or negative impact on the oscillation of a power system depending on the location in which it is integrated into the power system. It is also found out that strengthening the weak tie-lines can greatly improve the inter-area mode. This paper is useful in the planning stage of wind power projects.	Monte Carlo simulation.; Power systems; Small signal stability; Tie-lines; Wind power; Wind power location	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68949085151	Evaluation of the pharmacodynamic activity of insulin from bilosomal formulation	Ayogu I.J., Ogbonna O., Ayolugbe C.I., Attama A.A.	2009	Current Drug Delivery	6	4	10.2174/156720109789000573	Department Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Ayogu, I.J., Department Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Ogbonna, O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ayolugbe, C.I., Department Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Attama, A.A., Department Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria	In this study, bilosome as a drug delivery system for insulin was studied. Two bilosomal preparations were formulated and assessed. One was prepared using a lipid extract from Soya beans seed (SBE), Palmitic acid (PA) and cholesterol (CH ) in the ratio of 0.25:1:1 w/w designated as BI while the other (BII) contained PA and CH as the lipid entity at the ratio of 1:1 w/w. Each of the preparations contained 0.5% of sodium deoxycholate (SDC) and soluble insulin. BI was given orally only, while BII was administered subcutaneously, intraperitoneally and orally to different groups of streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats, and the blood glucose levels were measured at predetermined time intervals. The results of the studies showed that oral administration of BI and BII produced blood glucose reduction, which could mimick endogenous release of insulin with prolonged activity, although, less blood sugar lowering compared with parental administration. BI (oral I) containing SBE had greater reduction of blood glucose than BII (oral II) ,showing that SBE increased the bioavailability of insulin. Bilosomal insulin formulation could provide a good oral delivery system for insulin that would affect the entero-insular axis similar to endogenous insulin. © 2009 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.	Bilosome; Bioavailability; Blood glucose reduction; Drug delivery system; Formulation; Insulin	bile salt; bilosome I; bilosome II; cholesterol; deoxycholate sodium; glucose; insulin; palmitic acid; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; controlled study; diabetes mellitus; drug absorption; drug bioavailability; drug delivery system; drug formulation; drug synthesis; glucose blood level; male; nonhuman; pharmacodynamics; priority journal; rat; soybean; streptozocin diabetes; Administration, Oral; Animals; Biological Availability; Blood Glucose; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Cholesterol; Deoxycholic Acid; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Drug Delivery Systems; Excipients; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Liposomes; Male; Palmitic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soybeans; Streptozocin	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650095167	Nutritional evaluation of millet-beniseed composite based Kunun-zaki	Ayo J.A., Onuoha O.G., Ikuomola D.S., Esan Y.O., Ayo V.A., Oigiangbe I.G.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	9	10	10.3923/pjn.2010.1034.1038	Department of Food Science and Technology, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, P.M.B, 5006, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria; The Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B, 0231, Bauchi, Nigeria	Ayo, J.A., Department of Food Science and Technology, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, P.M.B, 5006, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria, The Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B, 0231, Bauchi, Nigeria; Onuoha, O.G., The Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B, 0231, Bauchi, Nigeria; Ikuomola, D.S., Department of Food Science and Technology, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, P.M.B, 5006, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria; Esan, Y.O., Department of Food Science and Technology, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, P.M.B, 5006, Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria; Ayo, V.A., The Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B, 0231, Bauchi, Nigeria; Oigiangbe, I.G., The Federal Polytechnic, P.M.B, 0231, Bauchi, Nigeria	Kunun-zaki was prepared using millet as the base and supplemented with beniseed at varied level (0-50%). The effect of added beniseed on the physio-chemical (moisture, ash, protein, fat and carbohydrate), sensory (colour, taste, odour/aroma, mouth feel and general acceptability) and microbial qualities were evaluated. The added beniseed decreased the moisture, ash and carbohydrate composition from 86.23-85.03, 0.33-0.22 and 10.21-7.23%, respectively with increasing concentration (0-50%), while fat and protein increased from 1.03-2.03% and 2.21-5.44% respectively with increasing concentration (0-50%). The added beniseed paste had a high positive correlation coefficient (r = 0.75-0.95) with the increase in the protein, fat and energy content. There were significant differences in the assessed sensory qualities (colour, odour, taste, texture) at 20% and above added beniseed paste which corresponds with 3.32%, 1.26% and 64.06 kcal of protein, fats and energy content respectively. At this acceptable level the protein content of the products has been improved by 50% if digested and absorbed. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Evaluation; Kunun-zaki; Millet-beniseed composite; Nutritional	carbohydrate; fat; protein; aroma; article; ash; beverage; caloric intake; concentration response; controlled study; digestion; fat content; food analysis; food color; food composition; food texture; kunun zaki; microbiological examination; millet; moisture; nutritional assessment; odor; organoleptic property; physical chemistry; protein content; sesame; taste; Sesamum indicum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903287197	Cloacal temperature responses and some performance indices in black harco pullets administered with betamint during the hot-dry season	Ayo J.O., Danbirini S., Egbuniwe I.C., Sinkalu V.O.	2014	Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology	5	2	10.4172/2157-7579.1000166	Department of Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria	Ayo, J.O., Department of Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria; Danbirini, S., Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria; Egbuniwe, I.C., Department of Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria; Sinkalu, V.O., Department of Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria	The experiment was performed with the aim of determining fluctuations in cloacal temperature (CT) of Black Harco pullets, and effects of betamint® on the fluctuations and some performance indicesof the pullets during the hot-dry season. Twenty-five experimental pullets were each administered with betamint orally at a dose of 1 ml/kg daily, while 25 other control pullets were given only water for 21 days. The dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity inside the pen and CT of each pullet were recorded every two hours (from 06:00 h to 18:00 h) on days 7, 14 and 21. CT values in experimental and control pullets (41.63 ± 0.10°C and 41.64 ± 0.13°C, respectively) did not differ, but betamint reduced (P<0.05) CT values in the pullets from 12:00 h and 14:00 h. Water consumption in experimental (4.26%) pullets was lower than that of the control (23.63%) pullets. An increase in live weight gain (15%) and feed consumption (45.91%) was obtained in experimental pullets over that of the control pullets (P < 0.01). In conclusion, betamint administration alleviated the risk of adverse effects of heat stress and improved live weight gain in pullets. © 2014 Ayo JO, et al.	Heat stress; Productivity; Thermal microenvironment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-30444450818	Geoelectric evaluation of groundwater potential: A case study of Alagbaka primary school, Akure, Southwest Nigeria	Ayolabi E.A.	2005	Journal of the Geological Society of India	66	4	None	Department of Physics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Ayolabi, E.A., Department of Physics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Vertical electrical sounding consisting of three Wenner array and thirteen Schlumberger array has been carried out at the premises of Alagbaka primary school, Akure Southwest Nigeria. The aquiferous unit in this area is composed of weathered and fractured rocks whose resistivity ranges from 26 to 366 Ωm and thickness of 2.4 to 29.3 m. The isopach shows that the overburden thickens towards the east and is thinnest towards the south. The geological map derived from the coefficient of anisotropy of the underlying rocks shows that the Eastern end underlain by migmatites have coefficient of anisotropy ranging between 1.5 and 2.5 while the southwest, west and northwest side is underlain by charnockites of high (3-7.4) coefficient of anisotropy. The eastern end offers a good prospect for groundwater exploration. © Geol. Soc. India.	Akure; Anisotropy; Geoelectrical study; Groundwater; Southwest Nigeria	anisotropy; aquifer; groundwater resource; vertical electrical sounding; Africa; Akure; Nigeria; Ondo; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24644487787	Geoelectric evaluation of Olushosun landfill site southwest Nigeria and its implications on groundwater	Ayolabi E.A.	2005	Journal of the Geological Society of India	66	3	None	Department of Physics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Ayolabi, E.A., Department of Physics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Geoelectric resistivity technique of geophysical investigation have been used to evaluate the effect of leachate generated from Olushosun landfill on the groundwater in the area. The result shows that the first aquifer has been greatly polluted by the leachate generated from the decomposed heap of refuse materials at the landfill site. A total depth of up to 73 m has been delineated as polluted area with resistivity ranging from 16 to 361 Ωm as compared to resistivity values ranging between 2167-3714 Ωm for the unpolluted area. The results of the evaluation of the protective capacity of the overburden material within the unpolluted zone shows that the overburden material has a weak protective capacity and this may have largely been responsible for the high level of pollution observed in this area. © Geol. Soc. India.	Geoelectric study; Landfill; Leachate; Pollution; Southwest Nigeria	electrical method; groundwater pollution; landfill; leachate; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891623832	The impact of malaria in pregnancy on changes in blood pressure in children during their first year of life	Ayoola O.O., Omotade O.O., Gemmell I., Clayton P.E., Cruickshank J.K.	2014	Hypertension	63	1	10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02238	Cardiovascular Sciences and Paediatric Endocrinology Groups, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; King's College and King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom; Child Health, College of Medi	Ayoola, O.O., Cardiovascular Sciences and Paediatric Endocrinology Groups, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, Child Health and Paediatric Endocrinology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Omotade, O.O., Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Gemmell, I., Department of Primary Care and Biostatistics, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Clayton, P.E., Child Health and Paediatric Endocrinology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Cruickshank, J.K., King's College and King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom, Cardiovascular Medicine Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutrition, King's College and King's Health Partners, 150 Stamford St, London SE1 9RN, United Kingdom	We established a maternal birth cohort in Ibadan, Nigeria, where malaria is hyperendemic, to assess how intrauterine exposure to malaria affected infant blood pressure (BP) development. In a local maternity hospital, healthy pregnant women had regular blood films for malaria parasites from booking to delivery. Growth and BP were measured on 318 babies, all followed from birth to 3 and 12 months. Main outcomes were standardized measures of anthropometry and change in BP to 1 year. Babies exposed to maternal malaria were globally smaller at birth, and boys remained smaller at 3 months and 1 year. Change in systolic BP (SBP) during the year was greater in boys than in girls (20.9 versus 15.7 mm Hg; P=0.002) but greater in girls exposed to maternal malaria (18.7 versus 12.7 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, 1-11 mm Hg; P=0.02). Eleven percent of boys (greater than twice than expected) had a SBP ≥95th percentile (hypertensive, US criteria), of whom 68% had maternal malaria exposure. On regression analysis (β coefficients, mm Hg), sex (boys>girls; β=4.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-7.7; P=0.01), maternal malaria exposure (3.64; 0.3-6.9; P=0.03), and weight change (2.4; 0.98-3.8/1 standard deviation score; P=0.001) all independently increased SBP change to 1 year, whereas increase in length decreased SBP (-1.98; -3.6 to -0.40). In conclusion, malaria-exposed boys had excess hypertension, whereas malaria-exposed girls a greater increase in SBP. Intrauterine exposure to malaria had sex-dependent effects on BP, independent of infant growth. Because infant-child-adult BP tracking is powerful, a malarial effect may contribute to the African burden of hypertension. © 2013 American Heart Association, Inc.	Child development; Malaria; Pregnancy	pyrimethamine plus sulfadoxine; adult; anthropometry; article; birth; blood; blood pressure; blood pressure measurement; child development; clinical assessment; cohort analysis; controlled study; delivery; environmental exposure; female; hospital; human; hypertension; infant; major clinical study; malaria; male; middle aged; Nigeria; outcome assessment; Plasmodium; Plasmodium falciparum; pregnant woman; prevalence; priority journal; sex difference; systolic blood pressure; weight change; young adult; child development; malaria; pregnancy; Anthropometry; Birth Weight; Blood Pressure; Child Development; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Infant; Malaria; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Sex Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55249096486	Performance of high protein maize variety and soil nutrient changes with fortified organic fertilizer	Ayoola O.T., Makinde E.A., Ande O.T.	2008	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	6	04-Mar	None	Farming Systems Research and Extension Programme, Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.M.B 5029, Ibadan, Nigeria; Federal College of Agriculture, I.A.R and T, Moor Plantation, P.M.B 5029, Ibadan, Nigeria; Land and	Ayoola, O.T., Farming Systems Research and Extension Programme, Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.M.B 5029, Ibadan, Nigeria; Makinde, E.A., Federal College of Agriculture, I.A.R and T, Moor Plantation, P.M.B 5029, Ibadan, Nigeria; Ande, O.T., Land and Water Resources Management Programme, Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.M.B 5029, Ibadan, Nigeria	Enriching manure with nutrients from limited quantity of inorganic fertilizer could combat the deficiency of late and low supply of nutrients. The growth and yield of high protein green maize (ART-98-SW1) was assessed using organic fertilizer made from municipal waste and cow dung at 5 t/ ha as well as organic fertilizer + urea (i.e. 2.5 t ha-1 municipal waste and cow dung + 100 kg ha-1 urea). These were compared with performance with inorganic NPK fertilizer and no fertilizer control. Maize growth significantly (P = 0.05) increased with application of the N-enriched organic fertilizer. The plants were comparable in height and leaf area with fertilizer application. Fertilization of maize gave significantly (P = 0.05) higher grain yields. Organic fertilizer alone gave yields of 2.68 t ha-1. The unfertilized control plants had an average yield of 1.47 t ha-1.Yield (3.78 t ha-1) obtained from the organic fertilizer + urea was statistically the same with yield (3.70 t ha-1) got from inorganic fertilization. Organic fertilizer + urea increased soil N, P and K contents by 25, 1 and 62%, respectively. It also increased soil Ca and Mg contents by 2 and 8%, respectively. Organic fertilizer at 2.5 t ha-1 with 100 kg/ha urea can be applied to maize. It gives a comparable yield as inorganic fertilizer and increases the soil N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents.	Cow dung; Growth; Maize; Soil nutrients; Yield	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649712599	Trace elements and major minerals evaluation of Spondias mombin, Vernonia amygdalina and Momordica charantia leaves	Ayoola P.B., Adeyeye A., Onawumi O.O.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	9	8	None	Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria	Ayoola, P.B., Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Adeyeye, A., Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Onawumi, O.O., Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria	Samples of the plants were collected in Oyo state at Igbo-agbonin in the Ogbomoso North Local Government Area, Sabo road, Ogbomoso and were analyzed for the presence of trace elements such as; Fe, Zn, Mn, Cr, Cu, Cd, and Pb using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The results showed that trace element concentrations in Spondias mombin (Hog plum) were as follow: Fe, 574.00mg/kg, Zn, 59.60mg/kg, Mn, 23.00mg/kg, Cr, 66.00mg/kg Cu, 13.00mg/kg, Cd 50.00mg/kg. The mineral composition results showed that the leaves contained K 1.20%, Ca 1.05% and P, 0.32% Na 1.80%. Results of trace elements concentration in Vernonia amygdalina leaves were as follow: Fe, 277.30mg/kg, Zn, 74.50 mg/kg, Mn, 227.00mg/kg, Cr, 89.00mg/kg Cu, 11.00mg/kg and Cd, 4.30mg/kg. The mineral analysis revealed in the plant leaves, K 0.51%, Na 0.57%, Ca 0.45%, P 0.23%. Result of trace elements concentration in Momordica charantia were as follow: Fe, 8.125mg/kg, Zn, 354.8mg/kg, Mn, 37.00mg/kg, Cr, 162.00mg/kg, Cu, 21.00mg/kg, Cd, 51.40mg/kg and Pb 48.00mg/kg. the mineral analysis revealed in the plant, K 0.81%, Na 0.93%, Ca 0.90%, P 0.81%. The results obtained from the study show that the three plants are medicinal, Spondias mombin and Vernonia amygdalina are good antianaemic and antidiabetics agents, because of the high contents of Iron and chromium present in them. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Momordica charantia; Prophylactic; Spondias mombin; Therapeutic; Vernonia amygdalina	cadmium; chromium; iron; lead; manganese; trace element; zinc; article; atomic absorption spectrometry; bone metabolism; chemical analysis; concentration response; controlled study; herbal medicine; medicinal plant; Momordica charantia; nonhuman; physical chemistry; phytochemistry; plant leaf; spondias mombin; Vernonia; vernonia amygdalina; Momordica charantia; Prunus umbellata; Spondias mombin; Vernonia amygdalina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897033364	The impact of heavy metals on haematological parameters and enzymatic activies in Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and Pythonichthys macrurus	Ayoola S.O., Dansu F.M.	2014	World Applied Sciences Journal	31	5	10.5829/idosi.wasj.2014.31.05.1615	Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria	Ayoola, S.O., Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria; Dansu, F.M., Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria	Human activities have led to the accumulation of toxic metals in the aquatic environment. Heavy metals are serious pollutant in the aquatic environment because of their environmental persistence and ability to be accumulated and cause deleterious impact on aquatic organism. This study was carried out to investigated the levels of some selected heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn) in two fish species: Chrysicthys nigrodigitatus and Pythonichthys macrurus obtained from Makoko area of the Lagos lagoon between the months of July-September, 2012 and also to determined the effects of these metals on haematological parameters and enzymes activity of the fish species. The mean concentration of heavy metals in mg/l obtained for C. nigrodigitatus were Cd (ND), Cr (0.010±0.001), Cu (0.036±0.022), Fe (0.580±0.137), Pb (0.001±0.001), Zn (0.218±0.346) and P. macrurus; Cd (0.001±0.002), Cr (0.005±0.005), Cu (0.046±0.066), Fe (0.359±0.270), Pb (ND), Zn (0.228±0.376) were below the standards of WHO/FAO/FEPA permissible limit. The mean level of the enzymes recorded in (IU/L) for C. nigrodigitatus were Aspartate aminotransferase AST (71.95 ± 26.76), Alanine Aminotransaminase ALT (22.367±12.83), Alkaline phosphatase ALP (164.61 ± 26.65) and for P. macrurus were AST (115.82±41.04), ALT (37.79± 25.16) and ALP (59.80±21.99) respectively. Statistical significance difference (P &lt;0.05) occurred in serum ALP between the two fish species. There was no statistically significant difference (P&gt;0.05) recorded in all haematological parameters, the values revealed a high Haemoglobin and PCV concentration for both fishes. Results for C. nigrodigitatus were Hb (12.34 ± 2.15g/dl), PCV (37.00±6.45%), RBC (3.57± 0.92106 mm-3), WBC (136.20±59.06104mm-3), MCV (108.06±28.46FL), MCH (35.99 ±9.45Pg), MCHC (33.32 ± 0.03g/l), Neutrophils (35.33±8.76%), Lymphocytes (64.67±8.76 %) and P.macrurus values were Hb (13.84 ±2.65g/dl), PCV (41.50± 7.94%) RBC (4.18±1.04 106mm-3), WBC (115.87 ± 28.04 104mm-3), MCV (101.37± 16.92FL), MCH (33.86±5.62Pg), MCHC (38.87±13.59 g/l), Neutrophils (39.00± 13.87%) and Lymphocytes 60.67±13.60 (%). Deductions from this study revealed an alteration in the haematological parameters and enzymes activity of C. nigrodigitatus and P.macrurus. The result indicated that the concentrations of these heavy metals fall within their respective acceptable permissible limits recommended by the WHO/FAO/FEPA. Hence the consumption of these fish species may not pose any threat to human health. However periodic monitoring of these metals in the fish and water is highly essential to public health due to bioaccumulation. © IDOSI Publications, 2014.	Enzymatic activies; Fish; Haematological parameters; Heavy metals	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919926483	Outdoor ventilation performance of various configurations of a layout of two adjacent buildings under isothermal conditions	Ayo S.A., Mohd-Ghazali N., Mansor S.	2015	Building Simulation	8	1	10.1007/s12273-014-0195-2	Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria	Ayo, S.A., Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Mohd-Ghazali, N., Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Mansor, S., Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia	This paper explores the pedestrian-level wind environment around two buildings of unequal heights for the effects of ratio of height of upwind building to that of downwind building, referred to as buildings height ratio, spacing distance between the buildings, and direction of ambient wind, on the outdoor air ventilation. The objective is to propose appropriate spacing distances for various configurations of this type of buildings layout in a suburban area of Kuala Lumpur, which would enable harnessing the full ventilation potential of the local wind conditions. A three-dimensional numerical technique employing computational fluid dynamics simulation of continuity and Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations was used to study the turbulent flow field around the full-scale sizes of the buildings. Results indicate the influence of spacing distance between buildings, relative heights of the buildings and direction of ambient wind on outdoor ventilation. Results also show that 3-D turbulent flow processes such as lateral and secondary flows play significant roles in defining the wind flow pattern and ventilation availability. The perpendicular wind direction presents remarkable adverse effects compared to the inclined direction, while a higher upwind building height which would ordinarily be expected to proportionally obstruct wind flow could be of advantage, at low values of building height ratios, in enhancing outdoor ventilation. The findings established the need to give consideration to climatic factors such as wind flow and direction in planning urban cities, as it affects buildings to be situated in close proximity, especially when there is height difference. © 2014, Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	appropriate spacing distance; computational fluid dynamics; height ratio; outdoor air ventilation; two-building layout; wind direction	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950666829	The impact of land use conversion on a residential district in Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Ayotamuno A., Gobo A.E., Owei O.B.	2010	Environment and Urbanization	22	1	10.1177/0956247810363529	Rivers State Polytechnic Bori, PMB 20, Bori, Nigeria; Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology (IGST), Rivers State University of Science and Technology (RSUST), PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Ayotamuno, A., Rivers State Polytechnic Bori, PMB 20, Bori, Nigeria; Gobo, A.E., Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology (IGST), Rivers State University of Science and Technology (RSUST), PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Owei, O.B., Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology (IGST), Rivers State University of Science and Technology (RSUST), PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	This paper examines the changes in land use and economic activities between 1986 and 2005 in a residential development in Port Harcourt that was originally developed for senior civil servants and military personnel. It shows how land ownership has changed and also the rapid expansion of commercial activities within what was exclusively a residential development. With no enforcement of land use regulations, this has led to a decline in the quality of life for the residents. © 2010 International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED).	Land use conversion; Land use management; Land use regulations; Nigeria; Port Harcourt	land use change; land use planning; landownership; quality of life; regulatory approach; residential development; residential location; Nigeria; Port Harcourt; Rivers	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938817732	Evaluation of Some Quality Attributes of Noodles from Unripe Plantain and Defatted Sesame Flour Blends	Azeez A.T., Adegunwa M.O., Sobukola O.P., Onabanjo O.O., Adebowale A.A.	2015	Journal of Culinary Science and Technology	13	4	10.1080/15428052.2015.1015670	Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Hospitality and Tourism, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Federal University of Agri	Azeez, A.T., Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adegunwa, M.O., Department of Hospitality and Tourism, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Sobukola, O.P., Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Onabanjo, O.O., Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Adebowale, A.A., Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	The study evaluated some quality attributes of extruded noodles from unripe plantain and defatted sesame composite flour. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design was used to obtain the optimum conditions. Chemical compositions, functional and pasting properties of the blends, as well as proximate, quality attributes and sensory properties of the noodles from the blends were determined. The addition of defatted sesame flour to unripe plantain flour increases protein, ash, and fiber contents, while carbohydrate contents decreased. Water absorption index and bulk density increased while swelling power and dispersibility decreased with sesame flour inclusion. The independent variables significantly affected all the physical properties of the extruded noodles (p < 0.05) except for the expansion ratio. Overall acceptability of the noodles from the composite flour showed that it was slightly acceptable. In conclusion, the process-optimized conditions of the noodles are defatted sesame flour inclusion of 5% at 72°C and screw speed of 83 rpm, which improved the physical and sensory properties of the noodles. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	defatted sesame flour; Extrusion; proximate composition; quality attributes of noodles; unripe plantain flour	Extrusion; Water absorption; defatted sesame flour; Independent variables; Overall acceptability; Proximate compositions; Quality attributes; Response surface methodology; unripe plantain flour; Water absorption index; Quality control; Sesamum indicum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69249104653	Effects of Nitrogen Application and Weed Interference on Performance of Some Tropical Maize Genotypes in Nigeria	AZEEZ J.O.	2009	Pedosphere	19	5	10.1016/S1002-0160(09)60160-0	Department of Soil Science and Land Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	AZEEZ, J.O., Department of Soil Science and Land Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Low soil nitrogen (N) and weed infestations are some of the major constraints to maize production in Nigeria. A split-split plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replicates was established at two sites with different agroecological zones, Ikenne (Typic Paleudalf) and Shika (Typic Tropaquept), in Nigeria in 2002 and 2003 rainy seasons to investigate the responses of four maize genotypes (Oba super II, Low N pool C2, TZB-SR, and ACR 8328 BN C7) to N fertilizer applied at four rates, 0, 30, 60, and 90 kg N ha-1, and three weed pressure treatments, no weed pressure (weekly weeding), low weed pressure (inter-row weekly weeding), and high weed pressure (no weeding throughout the growing season). Growth and yield parameters of maize and weeds were taken at flowering and harvest. The results indicated that there was a significant reduction in maize leaf area, leaf area index, and photosynthetically active radiation due to weed interference at both sites. The application of nitrogen at 90 kg N ha-1 significantly increased maize leaf area. Reductions in maize growth and yield at flowering and harvest were significant due to weed interference at both Ikenne and Shika, thus showing that the reductions in maize growth and yield due to weed interference were not ecological zone specific even though weed species and their seed banks may differ. Ameliorative management options could thus be the same in the two agroecological zones. Application of 90 kg N ha-1 led to a significant increase in maize grain yield at Shika while there was no fertilizer effect at Ikenne on grain yield. There was no significant difference between 60 and 90 kg N ha-1, suggesting that 60 kg N ha-1 could be a possible replacement for the higher fertilizer rate at least for the identified maize genotypes. Low weed pressure treatment led to 26% and 35% reductions in maize grain yield at Ikenne and Shika, respectively, while 22% and 51 % reductions, respectively, were observed due to high weed pressure. Generally, maize grain yield was higher at Ikenne than Shika. The maize genotypes Low N pool C2 and ACR 8328 BN C7 performed better than the other genotypes at Ikenne while the maize genotype Oba super II had the best performance at harvest at Shika. Application of nitrogen increased weed biomass at flowering at Ikenne. The maize grain yield was highest in the N-efficient genotypes, Oba super II and Low N pool C2; the susceptible genotype TZB-SR had the least yield at Shika. There existed a negative and significant correlation between maize grain yield and weed biomass at both sites. © 2009 Soil Science Society of China.	maize growth; maize yield; N efficiency; soil nitrogen; weed pressure	agroecology; crop performance; crop production; crop yield; experimental study; fertilizer application; genotype; growth response; leaf area; leaf area index; maize; photosynthetically active radiation; seed bank; soil nitrogen; weed; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054780391	Grid security: Evaluation of active and passive attacks with proposed countermeasures	Azeez N.A., Tiko I., Venter I.M., Onifade O.F.W., Azeez R.A.	2011	Research Journal of Information Technology	3	3	10.3923/rjit.2011.181.190	Department of Computer Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Department of Informatics, Faculty of Information and Communication, Pretoria South, South Africa; Department of Computer Science, University o	Azeez, N.A., Department of Computer Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Tiko, I., Department of Informatics, Faculty of Information and Communication, Pretoria South, South Africa; Venter, I.M., Department of Computer Science, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Onifade, O.F.W., Department of Computer Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Azeez, R.A., Department of Computer Science, Fountain University, Osogbo, Nigeria	Grid computing is an emergent computing innovation which offers endless access to computing infrastructure across various organizations (academia and industry). Since this technology allows aggregation of various computer systems for usage by different users to run applications, the information stored on it which may be sensitive and private, remains vulnerable. According to related research on the attribute based access control for grid computing there is no adequate and appropriate security mechanism to authorize and authenticate users before accessing information on a grid system. The issue of security in grid technology has not been fully addressed even though it is a precondition for optimizing grid usability. In this paper therefore, we try to explore some of the main security attacks on a grid system and provide reasonable countermeasures to handle the situation. Finally, an architectural model to prevent any form of attacks explained is also presented. © 2011 Academic Journals Inc.	Active; Attacks; Countermeasures; Grid; Passive; Security; Topology	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890111619	Evaluation of different wastewater treatment processes and development of a modified attached growth bioreactor as a decentralized approach for small communities	Azizi S., Valipour A., Sithebe T.	2013	The Scientific World Journal	2013	None	10.1155/2013/156870	Department of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyungsan 712-749, South Korea	Azizi, S., Department of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Valipour, A., Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyungsan 712-749, South Korea; Sithebe, T., Department of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential future use of three biological processes in order to designate the most desired solution for on-site treatment of wastewater from residential complexes, that is, conventional activated sludge process (CASP), moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), and packed-bed biofilm reactor (PBBR). Hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6, 3, and 2 h can be achieved in CASP, MBBR, and PBBR, respectively. The PBBR dealt with a particular arrangement to prevent the restriction of oxygen transfer efficiency into the thick biofilms. The laboratory scale result revealed that the overall reduction of 87% COD, 92% BOD5, 82% TSS, 79% NH3-N, 43% PO4-P, 95% MPN, and 97% TVC at a HRT of 2 h was achieved in PBBR. The microflora present in the system was also estimated through the isolation, identification, and immobilization of the microorganisms with an index of COD elimination. The number of bacterial species examined on the nutrient agar medium was 22 and five bacterial species were documented to degrade the organic pollutants by reducing COD by more than 43%. This study illustrated that the present PBBR with a specific modified internal arrangement could be an ideal practice for promoting sustainable decentralization and therefore providing a low wastage sludge biomass concentration. © 2013 Shohreh Azizi et al.	None	organic matter; oxygen; polypropylene; agar; organic compound; activated sludge; agar medium; article; biochemical oxygen demand; biofilm; biofilm reactor; biomass conversion; bioreactor design; chemical oxygen demand; controlled study; decentralization; hydraulic conductivity; immobilization; microbial community; microbial identification; microflora; modified attached growth bioreactor; moving bed biofilm reactor; oxygen transport; packed bed biofilm reactor; waste water; waste water management; biomass; bioreactor; chemistry; equipment design; isolation and purification; metabolism; methodology; microbial consortium; microbiology; sewage; time; water management; water pollutant; Bacteria (microorganisms); Agar; Biofilms; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; Biomass; Bioreactors; Equipment Design; Microbial Consortia; Organic Chemicals; Oxygen; Sewage; Time Factors; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Waste Water; Water Microbiology; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925347470	Performance evaluation of the electrolysis process for waste sludge stabilization in decentralization practices	Azizi S., Valipour A., Jamshidi S., Sithebe T.	2015	Desalination and Water Treatment	54	3	10.1080/19443994.2014.886293	Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Department of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyungsan, South Korea; Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran	Azizi, S., Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Department of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Valipour, A., Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyungsan, South Korea; Jamshidi, S., Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Sithebe, T., Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Department of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa	Abstract: This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential use of electrolysis process for waste sludge stabilization in decentralization practices by focusing on the operating parameters such as sludge composition, detention time, and electric voltage. The laboratory batch scale results show that the sludge extracted from a packed bed biofilm reactor can reach the minimum concentration of 659 mg/L volatile suspended solids (VSS) merely within 5 h detention time at an applied voltage of 2 V, whereas the most identical level is obtained from activated sludge by 7 h with 3.6 V. The soluble COD in the supernatant phase of the former process would be increased to 297 mg/L by means of 27% VSS reduction. The economical pre-estimation indicates that electrolysis is more sustainable if stand as a preconditioning stage of biological digestion by 70% capital and operating cost reduction. This configuration can also cause occupying 54% lesser footprint area of aerobic digestion with total average reduction of 56% VSS within 77 h. The biological assay on digested product was also determined with reference to the growth of Phragmites sp. plant. This study recommends the electrolysis-pretreated conditioning waste sludge followed by aerobic digestion incorporating with attached growth biological systems as a valuable process in decentralization. © 2014, © 2014 Balaban Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.	Aerobic digestion; Bioassay; Electrolysis process; Stabilization; Waste sludge	Phragmites	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905466748	Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of deferasirox Oro-dispersible tablets	Aziz M.M., Mohammed S., Mohiuddin M.G., Razzaq M.A.	2014	International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences	6	7	None	College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia; Shadan college of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India	Aziz, M.M., College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia, Shadan college of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India; Mohammed, S., College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia, Shadan college of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India; Mohiuddin, M.G., College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia, Shadan college of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India; Razzaq, M.A., College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia, Shadan college of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, India	Objective: Deferasirox is a once daily, oral iron chelator approved for treatment of transfusional iron overload in adult and paediatric patients. In case of iron overdose or poisoning, immediate attention deferasirox is required in the systemic circulation to counter act the iron. Hence we feel that formulation of Oro-dispersible tablets of deferasirox is an ideal approach. Methods: FTIR showed that there is no interaction between drug and excipients. Mouth dissolving tablets of Deferasirox were prepared using crospovidone, croscarmellose and sodium starch glycolate as superdisintegrants by direct compression method. Dissolution of prepared Oro-dispersible tablets of Deferasirox was performed using USP type II apparatus in 6.8 pH phosphate buffer at 50 rpm with temperature being maintained at 37±0.5°C. Samples were withdrawn at 10, 15, 20, 30 and 45min time points and were analysed using UV- visible spectrophotometer at 245 nm. Results: The tablets prepared were evaluated for various parameters like weight variation, hardness, friability, in-vitro dispersion time, drug polymer interaction, drug content, water absorption ratio and wetting time and in-vitro release and were found to be within the limits. Conclusion: Formulation with crospovidone containing superdisintegrants has shown better in-vitro dissolution profile compared with other formulations. In conclusion, development of fast dissolving tablets using superdisintegrants gives rapid drug delivery and rapid onset of action.	Deferasirox; Oro-dispersible tablets; Superdisintegrants	crospovidone; deferasirox; starch glycolate sodium; article; drug polymer interaction; drug release; drug screening; drug solubility; infrared spectroscopy; tablet compression; tablet disintegration time; tablet formulation; tablet friability; tablet hardness; tablet property; tablet thickness; tablet weight; water absorption	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41549121471	Evaluation of core and surface body temperatures, prevalence, onset, duration and severity of hot flashes in men after bilateral orchidectomy for prostate cancer	Aziz N.A., Heyns C.F.	2008	International Braz J Urol	34	1	None	Department of Urology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Hospital, PO Box 19063, Cape Town, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Aziz, N.A., Department of Urology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Hospital, PO Box 19063, Cape Town, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Heyns, C.F., Department of Urology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Hospital, PO Box 19063, Cape Town, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Objective: To assess the prevalence, onset, duration and severity of hot flashes in men after bilateral orchidectomy (BO) for prostate cancer, to evaluate body temperature changes during hot flashes and to determine whether an elevated temperature within a few days after BO can be caused by deprivation of androgen. Materials and Methods: Patients (n = 101) were questioned about the characteristics of their hot flashes after BO for prostate cancer. A subgroup of these men (n = 17) were instructed to record their oral and forehead temperatures during and at fixed intervals between hot flashes daily for 4 weeks. Results: The mean age was 71.6 years, mean follow-up after BO was 33.2 months. Hot flashes were reported by 87 men (86%) with previous spontaneous remission in 9 (10%). The median time between BO and the onset of hot flashes was 21 days (range 1-730), median number of hot flashes 3 per day (range 1-20), and median duration was 120 seconds (range 5 to 1800). There was no significant difference between median oral (36.4°C) and forehead (36.0°C) temperature in the normal state, but during hot flashes the median forehead temperature (37.0°C) was higher than the oral temperature (36.5°C) (p = 0.0004). Both median oral and forehead temperatures were higher during hot flashes (36.5°C and 37.0°C) than in the normal state (36.4°C and 36.0°C, respectively) (p < 0.0001). During hot flashes, the oral temperature was 38°C to 40°C in only 3.2% of 593 readings in 17 patients. Conclusions: The median oral and forehead temperatures are higher during hot flashes than in normal periods. Oral temperature elevation > 38°C within days after a BO is unlikely to be the result of androgen deprivation alone.	Androgen; Hot flashes; Orchidectomy; Prostate cancer	antiandrogen; aged; article; body temperature; chemically induced disorder; follow up; hospitalization; hot flush; human; male; middle aged; nonparametric test; orchiectomy; prostate tumor; quality of life; time; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Androgen Antagonists; Body Temperature; Follow-Up Studies; Hot Flashes; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Orchiectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index; Statistics, Nonparametric; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73449148719	Volatile compounds profile and sensory evaluation of Beninese condiments produced by inocula of Bacillus subtilis	Azokpota P., Hounhouigan J.D., Annan N.T., Odjo T., Nago M.C., Jakobsen M.	2010	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	90	3	10.1002/jsfa.3835	Département de Nutrition et Sciences Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences, Agronomiques Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Food Research Institute, P.O. Box M-20, Accra, Ghana; Centre de Biométrie, de Statistique et d'Informatique Générale de la Faculte des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01BP526, Cotonou, Benin; Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DR-1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark	Azokpota, P., Département de Nutrition et Sciences Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences, Agronomiques Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin; Hounhouigan, J.D., Département de Nutrition et Sciences Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences, Agronomiques Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin; Annan, N.T., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Food Research Institute, P.O. Box M-20, Accra, Ghana; Odjo, T., Centre de Biométrie, de Statistique et d'Informatique Générale de la Faculte des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01BP526, Cotonou, Benin; Nago, M.C., Département de Nutrition et Sciences Alimentaires, Faculté des Sciences, Agronomiques Université d'Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin; Jakobsen, M., Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DR-1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark	BACKGROUND: Three Beninese food condiments (ABS124h, IBS248h and SBS348h) were produced by controlled fermentation of African locust beans using inocula of pure cultures of Bacillus subtilis,BS1,BS2andBS3,respectively.Quantitativeandqualitative assessments of the volatile compounds in the condiments produced have been performed using the Likens-Nickerson simultaneous distillation-extraction method and GC-MS analysis, followed by a sensory evaluation in comparison with the spontaneously fermented condiments. RESULTS:A total of 94 volatile compounds have been found including 53 compounds identified in relatively high concentrations and were subdivided into seven main groups with the predominance of four major groups: pyrazines, aldehydes, ketones and alcohols. Compared to the spontaneously fermented condiments, volatile compounds identified in controlled fermented condiments have been found in high number and in concentrations which varied according to the inoculum of B. subtilis used. The condiments produced with starter cultures scored significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher for odour than the spontaneously fermented condiments. But the overall acceptability (7/10) of the two types of condiments was similar. CONCLUSION: The investigated B.subtilis, BS1, BS2 and BS3 can be considered as potential starter cultures for the fermentation of African locust beans to produce good quality of Beninese food condiments. © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry.	Bacillus subtilis; Beninese condiments; Parkia biglobosa; Sensory evaluation; Starter cultures; Volatile compounds	plant extract; volatile organic compound; article; Bacillus subtilis; Benin; chemistry; condiment; distillation; fermentation; food control; legume; metabolism; microbiology; odor; plant seed; Bacillus subtilis; Benin; Condiments; Distillation; Fabaceae; Fermentation; Food Microbiology; Odors; Plant Extracts; Seeds; Volatile Organic Compounds; Bacillus subtilis; Parkia biglobosa; Parkia filicoidea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929877222	Formulation and evaluation of antimicrobial activities of herbal cream containing ethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica leaves and Aloe vera gel	Azubuike C.P., Ejimba S.E., Idowu A.O., Adeleke I.	2015	Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences	5	2	10.6000/1927-5951.2015.05.02.6	Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine Campus, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine Campus, S	Azubuike, C.P., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine Campus, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria; Ejimba, S.E., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine Campus, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria; Idowu, A.O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine Campus, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria; Adeleke, I., Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, College of Medicine Campus, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria	The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of dried leaves of Azadirachta indica (Neem), fresh gel of Aloe vera, combination of the two extracts and the creams formulated with these extracts were evaluated. The preliminary in vitro antimicrobial activity of the extracts at various concentrations and those of their creams were determined against some microorganisms using the agar cup plate method. The growth inhibition zones of the extracts on the microorganisms were noted. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined by agar dilution method. The physical properties of the creams formulated with these extracts were evaluated using standard procedures. Gram positive bacteria were more susceptible to Neem extract of which Staphylococcus aureus was the most susceptible with the lowest MIC value (2.5mg/ml). The fungal strain Candida albicans had the lowest MIC value (2.0mg/ml) for the Aloe vera gel extract. The MIC values (mg/ml) of Neem leaves against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger were 5.00, 5.00, 2.50, 10.00, 2.50, 5.00 respectively, while MIC of Aloe extract were 8.00, 8.00, 4.00, 8.00, 2.00, 4.00 respectively. Among the formulated creams, the formulation containing equal concentrations of the extracts (1:1) showed the highest antimicrobial activity, however the commercial brand Funbact A® had better antimicrobial activity. Most of the creams showed comparable physical properties. The study showed that the creams containing equal concentrations of the two ethanolic extracts have high potentials as topical antimicrobial agents especially against skin infections due to the tested Gram positive bacteria and Candida albicans. © 2015 Lifescience Global.	Aloe vera; Antimicrobial activity; Azadirachta indica; Herbal creams	Aloe; Aloe vera; Aspergillus niger; Azadirachta indica; Bacillus subtilis; Candida albicans; Escherichia coli; Posibacteria; Pseudomonas; Staphylococcus aureus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884940483	Impact of urban effluents on the macroinvertebrates of a Creek in Accra, Ghana	Baa-Poku J., Asante F., Amakye J.S.	2013	West African Journal of Applied Ecology	21	1	None	P. O. Box Os 943 Osu, Accra, Ghana; Koforidua Polytechnic, P. O. Box KF 981, Koforidua Eastern Region, Ghana; CSIR-Water Research Institute (CSIR), P.O. Box AH 38, Achimota, Accra, Ghana	Baa-Poku, J., P. O. Box Os 943 Osu, Accra, Ghana; Asante, F., Koforidua Polytechnic, P. O. Box KF 981, Koforidua Eastern Region, Ghana; Amakye, J.S., CSIR-Water Research Institute (CSIR), P.O. Box AH 38, Achimota, Accra, Ghana	The impact of effluents on the macroinvertebrate communities of an urban creek in Accra was studied. Five study stations were selected along the reaches of the creek. Water and benthic samples were collected and analyzed between September 2005 and February 2006. The study showed that the effluent discharges caused a significant increase in BOD, COD and NH3 at the stations that received the effluents. The high levels of total and faecal coli forms at the midstream sections of the creek (626.0 x 104 cfu/100 ml and 75.30 x 104 cfu/100 ml, respectively) indicated increased pollution levels compared to the reference stations (446.0 x 103 cfu/100 ml and 133.0 x 103 cfu/100 ml). The Nima Creek showed characteristics of a disturbed urban creek. A total of 19 macroinvertebrate taxa, comprising a total of 11,613 individuals, were collected. Estimated Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H) was low at the midstream section of the creek, H'= 1.14, where the effluents were concentrated than at the upstream H'=1.44 or downstream H'= 1.38 sections of the creek. Chironomini and Physa were the most abundant taxa within the creek, dominated by the genus Chironomus, which is known to be tolerant to pollution, which confirmed the polluted state of the creek. Rigorous and regular assessment and monitoring of effluents from waste treatment plants and other sources that discharge into the creek, with the aim of complying with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines are some of the mitigative measures suggested to protect life in the creek.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81855209881	Milk production performance of pastorally managed camels in eastern Ethiopia	Baars R.M.T., Kebebew T.	2005	Tropical Agriculture	82	42433	None	Department of Animal Sciences, Alemaya University, PO Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Van Hall Larenstein University of Professional Education, P.O. Box 411, 6700 A A Wageningen, Netherlands	Baars, R.M.T., Department of Animal Sciences, Alemaya University, PO Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia, Van Hall Larenstein University of Professional Education, P.O. Box 411, 6700 A A Wageningen, Netherlands; Kebebew, T., Department of Animal Sciences, Alemaya University, PO Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Milk production of 30 Iactating camels belonging to 1 herd of 100 heads was monitored during 19 months from March 1996 to September 1997 in eastern Ethiopia. The effects of season of calving, parity, and calf survival up to weaning on mean daily yield, peak yield, total lactation yield, lactation length, days open, and calving interval were assessed. The least square means (± standard deviation) of the daily, peak, and lactation yield were 7.5 ± 0.5, 11.5 ± 0.5, and 2104 ± 97 L, respectively. The least square means of lactation length, days open, and calving interval were 282 ± 10, 199 ± 13, and 573 ± 14 days, respectively. All parameters were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) affected by the season of calving. The maximum lactation yield was observed for camels in the third and fourth lactations. The lactation curves had a typical shape, although Iess pronounced for camels that calved during the long dry season. Camels that calved in the long wet season and older camels showed a lower persistency. Camels whose calves died before weaning showed a significantly higher yield than camels whose calves stayed alive. The fat, protein, casein, total solids, and solids non-fat were 39 ± 4, 29 ± 3, 23 ± 2, 131 ± 6, and 92 ± 6 g kg-1, respectively. They were all significantly affected by parity and month of lactation. It was concluded that during the dry season, the herd produced a substantial amount of milk for the pastoralists. © 2005 Trap. Aqric. (Trinidad).	Calving interval; Lactation; Milk composition; Ogaden; Persistency; Season	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905258580	Synthesis, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive evaluation of palmitoyl benzamides	Baba H., Usifoh C.O., Igbinaduwa P.O.	2014	Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research	13	7	10.4314/tjpr.v13i7.17	Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Baba, H., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; Usifoh, C.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Igbinaduwa, P.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Purpose: To synthesize and characterize palmitoyl amino benzamides, and to evaluate them for possible anti-inflammatory and anti -nociceptive activities. Methods: Palmitoyl amino benzamides were synthesized by the opening of isatoic anhydride ring with respective amino acids (glycine, β-alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid) and the condensation of the product with palmitoyl chloride. The final products were purified on column chromatography, eluting with dichloromethane/ethyl acetate. All the compounds were unequivocally characterized using the combination of infra red (IR), 1H and 13C (nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS) and elemental analysis. In vivo anti -inflammatory and anti -nociceptive activities of the synthesized compounds at 20, 50 and 100mg/kg doses were carried out using carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rat and acetic acid-induced writhing in mice, respectively. Aspirin was used at a dose of 100mg/kg as the reference drug. Results: The compounds were obtained in high yield (70 - 90 %) and purity. The anti -inflammatory results showed a poor activity for the compounds except o-palmitoylamino N-carboxyethyl benzamide which produced significant inhibition (p < 0.05) at a dose of 50 mg/kg (43.8 % oedema inhibition) while the reference drug, aspirin, showed 51.3 % inhibition. The anti -nociceptive study, however, showed good inhibition (p < 0.05) of acetic acid-induced writhing, with o-palmitoylamino Ncarboxymethylbenzamide producing 86.2 % inhibition at 100 mg/kg dose compared with the reference drug (aspirin) which gave 74.3 % inhibition at 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the synthesized compounds, though displaying poor anti-inflammatory activity, do possess promising anti-nociceptive activity. © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria. All rights reserved.	Analgesic; Anti-inflammatory; Aspirin; Benzamide; Glycine; Palmitoyl; β-Alanine; γ-Aminobutyric acid	4 aminobutyric acid; acetylsalicylic acid; benzamide derivative; beta alanine; glycine; o palmitoylamino N carboxyethylbenzamide; o palmitoylamino N carboxymethylbenzamide; o palmitoylamino N carboxypropylbenzamide; palmitoyl amino benzamide; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; antiinflammatory activity; antinociception; article; column chromatography; drug dose increase; drug purification; drug synthesis; female; infrared spectroscopy; male; mass spectrometry; mouse; nonhuman; nuclear magnetic resonance; paw edema; rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-50549103539	Deterioration of performance of mixing rules in phase behavior modeling of high-density reservoir fluids	Babalola F.U., Susu A.A.	2008	Petroleum Science and Technology	26	13	10.1080/10916460701776823	Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Babalola, F.U., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Susu, A.A., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	The mixing rules are used in the cubic equations of state to determine the values of the attractive force parameter, a, and the repulsive force parameter, b, mixtures. The mixing rules are applied here to reservoir fluids. It was discovered that parameter a should not be treated as a constant since it varied significantly with pressure. It was therefore regressed by two straight lines, and the resulting equation of state gave a very good fit to PVT data of reservoir fluids.	Mixing rules; Mixtures; Parameter	Curve fitting; Equations of state; Mixing rules; Mixtures; Parameter; Reservoir fluids; Mixing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858303196	Evaluation of primary education studies programme in colleges of education in Southwest Nigeria	Babalola H.A., Yara P.O.	2011	Asian Social Science	7	6	10.5539/ass.v7n6p88	University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda	Babalola, H.A., University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Yara, P.O., Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda	The study evaluated the extent to which the PES programme has achieved the objectives for which it was introduced into the colleges of education in South West Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey using the ex-post-facto type. Purposive sampling technique was used to select seven colleges of education where PES courses are offered in the South West. 1,563 participants comprising of 37 PES lecturers, 737 PES students, 690 primary school teachers and 99 head teachers and assistant head teachers from 60 primary schools were randomly selected from the Southwestern part of Nigeria. Six validated instruments (PESLQ, PESSQ, PSTQ, HTQ, IRTPES, TAS) were used for data collection. Data collected were analysed using frequency counts, percentages, mean, mode, standard deviation, chi-square, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and Multiple Regression analysis. The results revealed that the human and material resources were inadequate. PES lecturers used lecture and assignment methods of teaching very often. PES students obtained a positive multiple correlation (R=.528; P&lt;0.05), (F (3,736)=94.655, P&lt;0.05). PES students had positive attitude to PES programme (β=.486, t=16.804, P&gt;0.05) while primary school teachers' attitude and PES lecturers' attitude made contributions which were not significant to PES programme. Very few primary school teachers improvised instructional materials. Not all the objectives of PES have been achieved in the colleges of education in Southwest Nigeria. It is recommended that more qualified PES lecturers should be employed to teach PES courses and regular in-service training should be organised for them to enhance their productivity. Adequate facilities should be made available for PES courses in the colleges of education.	Attitude and South West Nigeria; Head teachers; Objectives evaluation; PES lecturers; PES students; Primary school teachers	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84950264399	Evaluation of factors influencing technological innovations of small and medium enterprises in Nigerian Industrial Estates	Babalola O.O., Amiolemen S.O., Adegbite S.A., Ojo-Emmanuel G.	2015	International Journal of Innovation Science	7	1	None	National Centre for Technology Management, Southwest Office, Victoria Island, Lagos State, Nigeria; Centre for Industrial Development, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Babalola, O.O., National Centre for Technology Management, Southwest Office, Victoria Island, Lagos State, Nigeria; Amiolemen, S.O., National Centre for Technology Management, Southwest Office, Victoria Island, Lagos State, Nigeria; Adegbite, S.A., Centre for Industrial Development, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Ojo-Emmanuel, G., National Centre for Technology Management, Southwest Office, Victoria Island, Lagos State, Nigeria	Innovation is not just an individual act of learning by a firm or entrepreneur, but anchored within a larger system that enables and draws on the innovation process. Hence there is need to study internal and external factors that influence technological innovation outputs of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). SMEs at four industrial estates in Nigeria were sampled for this study. Several internal factors such as firm size, turnover, age, ownership, and expenditure on innovation activities did not have significant relationships with innovation output, signifying they are not the factors promoting innovation levels. Quality of human resources and interactions with suppliers as an external factor within the national innovation system (NIS) both made significant impact on innovation. Innovative performance of the firms is mainly influenced by demand or market pull factors more than technology push sources. The study recommends increasing interaction and dynamism within the NIS; substantial investment to galvanize industrial and technological capabilities of the firms and their supply chains; and adequate supply of infrastructure and funds to SMEs.	Market pull; Small and medium enterprises; Technological innovation outputs; Technology push	Commerce; Investments; Supply chains; Internal and external factors; Market pull; National innovation systems; Small and medium enterprise; Substantial investments; Technological capability; Technological innovation; Technology pushes; Innovation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894095197	Evaluation of the crude methanolic seed extract of Datura metel l. As a potential oral anaesthetic in dogs	Babalola S.A., Suleiman M.M., Hassan A.Z., Adawa D.A.Y.	2013	Veterinary Research	6	5	None	Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary S	Babalola, S.A., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Suleiman, M.M., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Hassan, A.Z., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Adawa, D.A.Y., Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	This study evaluates the methanolic crude extract of Datura metel L. seeds (family Solanaceae) as a potential oral anaesthetic in dogs. Following the oral acute toxicity study to determine the median Lethal Dose (LD50) of the extract in twelve (12) mice, the extract was relatively safe since when administered at the highest dose (5,000mg kg-1) no sign of toxicity and no death was recorded. In the in vivo sedative and anaesthetic study of the effect of Datura metel L. in this research, the observed pharmacological effect of the extract administered orally to 5 dogs separately at a dose rate of 0.6, 1.2, 1.5, 2 and 2.4g kg-1, respectively during establishment of a suitable pilot oral anaesthetic doses, showed a graded dose response relationship. The extract at an oral dose of 2.4g kg-1 induced surgical anaesthesia in dogs with increased heart and respiratory rates (107-205 bpm and 36.33-41.33 cpm), respectively, normal rectal temperature (37.83°C), adequate tissue perfusion, good muscle relaxation but poor analgesia, loss of anal sphincter tone and loss of pupillary reflex. The dogs recovered without any complications. This study has shown that the seed extract of Datura metel L. is relatively safe, induced sleep similar to that of thiopentone sodium anaesthesia with good anaesthetic indices at the oral dose rate of 2.4g kg-1 in dogs. © Medwell Journals, 2013.	Anaesthetic; Datura metel L.; Dogs; Oral dose; Seed extract; Surgical anaesthesia	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897610834	Evaluation of the crude methanolic seed extract of datura metel L as a potential oral anaesthetic in dogs	Babalola S.A., Suleiman M.M., Hassan A.Z., Adawa D.A.Y.	2014	Global Veterinaria	12	3	10.5829/idosi.gv.2014.12.03.82340	Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Be	Babalola, S.A., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Suleiman, M.M., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Hassan, A.Z., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Adawa, D.A.Y., Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria	This study evaluates the methanolic crude extract of Datura metel L. seeds (family Solanacease) as a potential oral anaesthetic in dogs. Following the oral acute toxicity study to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract in twelve (12) mice, the extract was relatively safe since when administered at the highest dose (5,000 mg/kg) no sign of toxicity and no death was recorded. In the in vivo sedative and anaesthetic study of the effect of Datura metel L in this work, the observed pharmacological effect of the extract administered orally to five (5) dogs separately at a dose rate of 0.6, 1.2, 1.5, 2 and 2.4 g/kg respectively during establishment of a suitable pilot oral anaesthetic doses, showed a graded dose response relationship. The extract at an oral dose of 2.4 g/kg induced surgical anaesthesia in dogs with increased heart and respiratory rates (107 to 205 bpm and 36.33 to 41.33 cpm) respectively, normal rectal temperature (37.83 °C), adequate tissue perfusion, good muscle relaxation but poor analgesia, loss of anal sphincter tone and loss of pupillary reflex. The dogs recovered without any complications. This study has shown that the seed extract of Datura metel L. is relatively safe, induced sleep similar to that of thiopentone sodium anaesthesia with good anaesthetic indices at the oral dose rate of 2.4 g/kg in dogs. © IDOSI Publications, 2014.	Anaesthetic; Datura metel L; Dogs; Seed extract; Surgical anaesthesia	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897890664	Evaluation of the crude methanolic seed extract of Datura metel L. as a potential oral anaesthetic in dogs	Babalola S.A., Suleiman M.M., Hassan A.Z., Adawa D.	2014	Global Journal of Pharmacology	8	2	10.5829/idosi.gjp.2014.8.2.82281	Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Surgery and Ra	Babalola, S.A., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Suleiman, M.M., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Hassan, A.Z., Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria; Adawa, D., Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria	This study evaluates the methanolic crude extract of Datura metel L. seeds (family Solanacease) as a potential oral anaesthetic in dogs. Following the oral acute toxicity study to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract in twelve (12) mice, the extract was relatively safe since when administered at the highest dose (5,000 mg/kg) no sign of toxicity and no death was recorded. In the in vivo sedative and anaesthetic study of the effect of Datura metel L in this work, the observed pharmacological effect of the extract administered orally to five (5) dogs separately at a dose rate of 0.6, 1.2, 1.5, 2 and 2.4 g/kg respectively during establishment of a suitable pilot oral anaesthetic doses, showed a graded dose response relationship. The extract at an oral dose of 2.4 g/kg induced surgical anaesthesia in dogs with increased heart and respiratory rates (107 to 205 bpm and 36.33 to 41.33 cpm) respectively, normal rectal temperature (37.83°C), adequate tissue perfusion, good muscle relaxation but poor analgesia, loss of anal sphincter tone and loss of pupillary reflex. The dogs recovered without any complications. This study has shown that the seed extract of Datura metel L. is relatively safe, induced sleep similar to that of thiopentone sodium anaesthesia with good anaesthetic indices at the oral dose rate of 2.4 g/kg in dogs. © IDOSI Publications, 2014.	Anaesthetic; Datura metel L; Dogs; Seed extract; Surgical anaesthesia	alkaloid; anesthetic agent; Datura metel extract; flavonoid; glycoside; methanol; plant extract; resin; tannin derivative; terpenoid derivative; unclassified drug; acute toxicity; animal experiment; anus sphincter; article; breathing rate; controlled study; Datura metel; dog; dose response; drug isolation; drug safety; drug screening; heart rate; mouse; muscle relaxation; nonhuman; plant seed; pupil reflex; rectum temperature; sedation; sleep induction; tissue perfusion	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845335195	Effect of β-xylanase supplementation of boiled castor seed meal-based diets on the performance, nutrient absorbability and some blood constituents of pullet chicks	Babalola T.O.O., Apata D.F., Atteh J.O.	2006	Tropical Science	46	4	10.1002/ts.181	Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Babalola, T.O.O., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Apata, D.F., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Atteh, J.O., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	β-xylanase addition improved apparent nitrogen and fibre absorption as well as feed transit time. Up to 150 g kg-1 boiled castor seed meal could be incorporated into pullet chick diets without any adverse effect on growth performance or blood constituents. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	β-xylanase; Blood constituents; Castor seed meal; Growth; Nutrient absorbability; Pullet chicks	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906858448	Mixing performance of a suspended stirrer for homogenizing biodegradable food waste from eatery centers	Babarinsa O., Ogedengbe E.O.B., Rosen M.A.	2014	Sustainability (Switzerland)	6	9	10.3390/su6095554	Energhx Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 353 Faculty of Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos 101017, Nigeria; Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street	Babarinsa, O., Energhx Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 353 Faculty of Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos 101017, Nigeria; Ogedengbe, E.O.B., Energhx Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 353 Faculty of Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Lagos 101017, Nigeria; Rosen, M.A., Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4, Canada	Numerical simulation of a suspended stirrer within a homogenizing system is performed towards determining the mixing performance of a homogenizer. A two-dimensional finite volume formulation is developed for the cylindrical system that is used for the storage and stirring of biodegradable food waste from eatery centers. The numerical solver incorporates an analysis of the property distribution for viscous food waste in a storage tank, while coupling the impact of mixing on the slurry fluid. Partial differential equations, which describe the conservation of mass, momentum and energy, are applied. The simulation covers the mixing and heating cycles of the slurry. Using carrot-orange soup as the operating fluid (and its thermofluid properties) and assuming constant density and temperature-dependent viscosity, the velocity and temperature field distribution under the influence of the mixing source term are analyzed. A parametric assessment of the velocity and temperature fields is performed, and the results are expected to play a significant role in designing a homogenizer for biodegradable food waste. © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.	Biodigester; Finite volume method; Food waste; Homogenizer; Stirrer	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747617348	Performance of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) as influenced by irrigation schedules	Babatunde F.E., Mofoke A.L.E.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	5	4	10.3923/pjn.2006.363.367	Crop Production Programme, School of Agriculture and Agriculture Technology, Balewa University, P.M.B. 0248, Abubakar Tafawa, Bauchi, Nigeria; Agriculture Engineering Programme, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Balewa University, P.M.B. 0	Babatunde, F.E., Crop Production Programme, School of Agriculture and Agriculture Technology, Balewa University, P.M.B. 0248, Abubakar Tafawa, Bauchi, Nigeria; Mofoke, A.L.E., Agriculture Engineering Programme, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Balewa University, P.M.B. 0248, Abubakar Tafawa, Bauchi, Nigeria	Global outcry for food security necessitates both rain fed and irrigation farming to boost up world food production. This research therefore explored the possibility of growing roselle (Hibiscus sabdarriffa. L) under irrigation. The experimental treatments comprised five irrigation schedules with irrigation intervals (f) of 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 days. The corresponding gross water requirements (GWR) were 37, 56, 74, 93, and 112mm. The crops were grown under check basin irrigation during the 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 irrigation seasons in Bauchi state, Nigeria. Results showed that difference in number of leaves per plant was significant (p = 0.05) with the fifth irrigation schedule (f = 11 days, GWR = 112mm) giving the highest value of 347 leaves per plant, while the first irrigation schedule (f = 3 days, GWR = 37mm) resulted in only 192 leaves per plant. Variations in plant height, number of branches per plant and canopy diameter were insignificant (p = 0.05). The influence of irrigation schedule on the yield of roselle measured with respect to fresh calyx weight was highly significant with a strong coefficient of determination of 97.1%. Yield soared with increase in seasonal irrigation depth. The increase followed a second degree polynomial, reaching a projected maximum of about 682 Kg/ha. The associated maximum seasonal application depth was found to be approximately 3389 mm. Results of this study indicate that maximum yield of roselle grown under irrigation could be attained with a weekly irrigation interval and a gross application depth of 188 mm. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Irrigation; Maximum; Roselle; Yield	article; canopy; crop production; Hibiscus; irrigation (agriculture); Nigeria; plant ecology; plant growth; plant height; plant water relation; plant yield; seasonal variation; species cultivation; statistical significance; Hibiscus; Hibiscus sabdariffa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856274347	Performance of sweet potato soybeans as affected by cropping sequence in the northern guinea savanna of Nigeria	Babatunde F.E., Dantata I.J., Olawuyi O.J.	2012	Journal of Agronomy	11	1	10.3923/ja.2012.22.26	Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Osun State University (Uniosun), PMB 4014, Ejigbo Campus, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Education, College of Education, PMB 044, Azare, Bauchi, Nigeria; Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Ba	Babatunde, F.E., Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Osun State University (Uniosun), PMB 4014, Ejigbo Campus, Nigeria; Dantata, I.J., Department of Agricultural Education, College of Education, PMB 044, Azare, Bauchi, Nigeria; Olawuyi, O.J., Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, PMB 21244, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria	A field experiment was conducted to study the performance of sweet potato and soybeans under different cropping sequences during the raining seasons of 2007, 2008 and 2009 in Bauchi, Nigeria. The cropping sequences consisted of sweet potato transplanted 1 week after soybeans (+1), sweet potato transplanted 2 weeks after soybeans (+2), sweet potato + soybeans planted simultaneously (0), sweet potato transplanted 1 week before soybeans (-1), sweet potato transplanted 2 weeks before soybeans (-2), Sole sweet potato (Ssp) and Sole soybeans (Ssb). These were arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications. Percent production of tubers and pods as well as tuber and grain yields of component crops were significantly increased (p = 0.05) by the cropping treatments in all the three seasons of this studyanother in each season, except in percent tuber production with sole sweet potato in both 2008 and 2009 as well as in tuber yield with sole sweet potato in 2009. Therefore, component crops can be sole-grown or adopt sweet potato transplanted a week or 2 before soybeans-sequence for better tuber and grain yields. © 2012 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Crop sequence; Northern guinea savanna; Performance; Soybeans; Sweet potato	Glycine max; Ipomoea batatas	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864113126	The impact of contributory pension scheme on workers' savings in Nigeria	Babatunde M.A.	2012	Social Sciences (Pakistan)	7	3	10.3923/sscience.2012.464.470	Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Babatunde, M.A., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the contributory pension on employee savings in Nigeria 2010 using Oyo state public workers as a case study. It seeks to determine the level of awareness of the public sector workers towards Contributory Pension Scheme and the impact of Contributory Pension Scheme on workers' savings. Empirical analysis revealed a significant relationship between the level of awareness of respondents and their savings. However, there is no significant relationship between Contributory Pension Scheme and savings. © Medwell Journals, 2012.	Awareness; Level; Nigeria; Pension scheme; Retirement; Savings	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73449106812	Patterns of income diversification in rural Nigeria: Determinants and impacts	Babatunde R.O., Qaim M.	2009	Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture	48	4	None	Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Germany	Babatunde, R.O., Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria; Qaim, M., Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Germany	While the determinants of rural income diversification have been analyzed in various developing countries, the results remain somewhat ambiguous. Likewise, many previous studies failed to consider the impacts of diversification. Hence, more research is needed to understand what conditions lead to what outcomes and to identify appropriate policy responses. Here, we analyze the situation in rural Nigeria based on recent survey data. The majority of households is fairly diversified; 50% of total income is from off-farm sources. Strikingly, richer households tend to be more diversified, suggesting that diversification is not only considered a risk management strategy but also a means to increase overall income. Econometric analysis confirms that the marginal income effect is positive. Yet, due to market imperfections, resource- poor households are constrained in diversifying their income sources. Reducing market failures through infrastructure improvements could enhance their situation, while, at the same time, promoting specialization among the relatively better off.	Farm households; Income diversification; Nigeria; Off-farm activities	developing world; development strategy; econometrics; income distribution; off-farm employment; policy approach; rural area; rural economy; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953534671	Impact of off-farm income on food security and nutrition in Nigeria	Babatunde R.O., Qaim M.	2010	Food Policy	35	4	10.1016/j.foodpol.2010.01.006	University of Ilorin, Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, PMB, 1515 Ilorin, Nigeria; Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, 37073 Goettingen, Germany	Babatunde, R.O., University of Ilorin, Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, PMB, 1515 Ilorin, Nigeria; Qaim, M., Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, 37073 Goettingen, Germany	While the poverty implications of off-farm income have been analyzed in different developing countries, much less is known about the impact of off-farm income on household food security and nutrition. Here, this research gap is addressed by using farm survey data from Nigeria. Econometric analyses are employed to examine the mechanisms through which off-farm income affects household calorie and micronutrient supply, dietary quality, and child anthropometry. We find that off-farm income has a positive net effect on food security and nutrition. The prevalence of child stunting, underweight, and wasting is lower in households with off-farm income than in households without. Using a structural model, we also show that off-farm income contributes to higher food production and farm income by easing capital constraints, thus improving household welfare in multiple ways. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Child anthropometry; Farm households; Food security; Micronutrients; Off-farm income	developing world; diet; econometrics; food security; household income; numerical model; nutritional status; nutritive value; off-farm employment; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928988140	Does learning orientation matter for nonprofit organization performance? Empirical evidence from Ghana	Baba Y.	2015	Leadership and Organization Development Journal	36	3	10.1108/LODJ-05-2013-0056	University of Ghana Business School, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Baba, Y., University of Ghana Business School, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Purpose – Many changes taking place in the nonprofit sector have created an environment in which organizational learning could be regarded as representing a high-profile notion with strategic importance for nonprofit organizations (NPOs), but its application in the nonprofit sector has not received adequate research attention. The purpose of this paper is to present an empirical test of the relationship between learning orientation and NPO performance. Design/methodology/approach – Literature on organizational learning is briefly reviewed and a marketing-focussed perspective on learning is adopted. Then drawing from resource-based theory and relationship marketing, a conceptual model is developed that links learning orientation to NPO performance, predicting that noneconomic performance would mediate between learning orientation and economic performance. Using Baron and Kenny’s mediation regression procedure, this prediction is subjected to an empirical test with survey data collected on 118 NPOs operating in Ghana. Findings – The paper finds a general support for the view that noneconomic performance is the primary organizational feature that drives economic performance and that learning orientation is an outgrowth of this characteristic. Originality/value – This study addresses the important question of whether paying attention to their mission helps NPOs acquire critical resources from their funding entities, discussing this issue in the context of organizational learning to respond to RBT scholars’ call for more research that highlight the underlying processes through which strategic resources (such as organizational learning) contribute to the organization’s financial outcomes. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Ghana; Learning orientation; Nonprofit organizations; Organizational learning; Organizational performance; Strategic orientation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70449447995	Potential impact of task-shifting on costs of antiretroviral therapy and physician supply in Uganda	Babigumira J.B., Castelnuovo B., Lamorde M., Kambugu A., Stergachis A., Easterbrook P., Garrison L.P.	2009	BMC Health Services Research	9	None	10.1186/1472-6963-9-192	Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research and Policy Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Departments of Epidemiology and Global Health, School of Public Health and Community Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States	Babigumira, J.B., Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research and Policy Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Castelnuovo, B., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Lamorde, M., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Kambugu, A., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Stergachis, A., Departments of Epidemiology and Global Health, School of Public Health and Community Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Easterbrook, P., Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Garrison, L.P., Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research and Policy Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States	Background. Lower-income countries face severe health worker shortages. Recent evidence suggests that this problem can be mitigated by task-shifting - delegation of aspects of health care to less specialized health workers. We estimated the potential impact of task-shifting on costs of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and physician supply in Uganda. The study was performed at the Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) clinic, a large urban HIV clinic. Methods. We built an aggregate cost-minimization model from societal and Ministry of Health (MOH) perspectives. We compared physician-intensive follow-up (PF), the standard of care, with two methods of task-shifting: nurse-intensive follow-up (NF) and pharmacy-worker intensive follow-up (PWF). We estimated personnel and patient time use using a time-motion survey. We obtained unit costs from IDI and the literature. We estimated physician personnel impact by calculating full time equivalent (FTE) physicians saved. We made national projections for Uganda. Results. Annual mean costs of follow-up per patient were $59.88 (societal) and $31.68 (medical) for PF, $44.58 (societal) and $24.58 (medical) for NF and $18.66 (societal) and $10.5 (medical) for PWF. Annual national societal ART follow-up expenditure was $5.92 million using PF, $4.41 million using NF and $1.85 million using PWF, potentially saving $1.51 million annually by using NF and $4.07 million annually by using PWF instead of PF. Annual national MOH expenditure was $3.14 million for PF, $2.43 million for NF and $1.04 for PWF, potentially saving $0.70 million by using NF and $2.10 million by using PWF instead of PF. Projected national physician personnel needs were 108 FTE doctors to implement PF and 18 FTE doctors to implement NF or PWF. Task-shifting from PF to NF or PWF would potentially save 90 FTE physicians, 4.1% of the national physician workforce or 0.3 FTE physicians per 100,000 population. Conclusion. Task-shifting results in substantial cost and physician personnel savings in ART follow-up in Uganda and can contribute to mitigating the heath worker crisis.	None	article; cost minimization analysis; follow up; health care cost; health care personnel; health care quality; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; job performance; nurse; pharmacy; physician; Uganda; univariate analysis; work schedule; workload; clinical practice; cost control; economics; hospital admission; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; methodology; personnel management; pharmacist; statistics; task performance; time; treatment outcome; Uganda; workload; antiretrovirus agent; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Cost Savings; Health Care Costs; HIV Infections; Humans; Nurses; Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care); Personnel Management; Pharmacists; Physician's Practice Patterns; Physicians; Task Performance and Analysis; Time Factors; Uganda; Waiting Lists; Workload	None
None	None	Institutional Change and Institutional Performance Under Decentralized Forest Management in Babati District, Tanzania	Babili I.H., Mtalo E., Kajembe G.C., van der Wal H.	2015	Small-scale Forestry	14	3	10.1007/s11842-015-9294-x	Institute of Continuing Education, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3044, Morogoro, Tanzania; College of Science, Informatics and Built Environment, University of Bagamoyo, P.O Box 31285, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Forest Mensuration and Management, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3013, Morogoro, Tanzania; El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Villahermosa, Carretera Villahermosa-Reforma km 15.5, Ranchería El Guineo, Sección II, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico	Babili, I.H., Institute of Continuing Education, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3044, Morogoro, Tanzania; Mtalo, E., College of Science, Informatics and Built Environment, University of Bagamoyo, P.O Box 31285, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kajembe, G.C., Department of Forest Mensuration and Management, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O Box 3013, Morogoro, Tanzania; van der Wal, H., El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Villahermosa, Carretera Villahermosa-Reforma km 15.5, Ranchería El Guineo, Sección II, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico	In the last three decades, self-governed robust institutions and design principles were emphasized for effective management of the commons including forests. However, little attention was given to institutional change and institutional performance. This paper addresses the relationship between institutional change and institutional performance under decentralized forest management (DFM) in Babati District, Tanzania. It is demonstrated that both constitutional and operational changes occurred under DFM in Babati. Institutional changes were found to be associated with improved condition of forest resources, good governance and sustainable livelihoods. However, cash income accrued from forests under DFM did not improve. Theoretically, a framework of multiple institutional logics of action was found more capable of explaining institutional change and institutional performance than Ostrom’s rational choice institutionalism and design principles. © 2015, Steve Harrison, John Herbohn.	Community-based forest management; Institutional effects; Institutions; Joint forest management; Multiple institutional logics of action	forest management; forest resource; governance approach; institutional reform; performance assessment; Arusha [Tanzania]; Babati; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052523434	Effects of cocoa tree phenology and canopy microclimate on the performance of the mirid bug Sahlbergella singularis	Babin R., Anikwe J.C., Dibog L., Lumaret J.-P.	2011	Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata	141	1	10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01164.x	CIRAD, UPR Bioagresseurs Analyse et Maîtrise du Risque, F-34398 Montpellier, France; Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria; IRAD, BP 2067, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Arthropod Team, UMR 5175 CEFE, University of Montpellier III, Montpellie	Babin, R., CIRAD, UPR Bioagresseurs Analyse et Maîtrise du Risque, F-34398 Montpellier, France; Anikwe, J.C., Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5244, Ibadan, Nigeria; Dibog, L., IRAD, BP 2067, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Lumaret, J.-P., Arthropod Team, UMR 5175 CEFE, University of Montpellier III, Montpellier, France	Populations of the cocoa mirid, Sahlbergella singularis Haglund (Hemiptera: Miridae), on cocoa, Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae), display sharp seasonal fluctuations in population size. To better understand factors and mechanisms involved in seasonal variation, we studied the life history traits of 10 successive generations of a caged population under field conditions. Nymphal survival and development were assessed on pods stored under cocoa canopy, whereas female survival and fecundity were evaluated on sleeved pods in cocoa trees. At the same time, cocoa phenology and cocoa canopy microclimate were characterized. A life table analysis was conducted with survival and fecundity temporal data. Reproductive parameters showed far more variation than nymphal development parameters, both within and among generations. We obtained low intrinsic rates of natural increase (about 0.04), the variation of which was mainly linked to the decrease in fecundity. Fecundity as well as life table parameters varied in accordance with natural population fluctuations, suggesting that S. singularis seasonal variation might be mainly linked to variation in female fecundity. A multiple regression analysis showed that variation in female fecundity was first correlated with the presence of young fruits on cocoa trees. Fecundity was also weakly affected by daily minimum r.h. and daily mean temperature. The usefulness of our results for modeling of S. singularis population dynamics and for the improvement of IPM strategies is discussed. © 2011 The Authors. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata © 2011 The Netherlands Entomological Society.	Demographic parameters; Demographic processes; Fecundity; Hemiptera; IPM strategy; Life history traits; Life tables; Miridae; Nymphal development; Seasonal variation; Survival; Theobroma cacao	biological development; cocoa; crop pest; developmental stage; fecundity; insect; integrated pest management; life history trait; life table; microclimate; multiple regression; phenology; population dynamics; population modeling; population size; reproductive status; seasonal variation; survival; Hemiptera; Malvaceae; Miridae; Sahlbergella singularis; Theobroma cacao	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898770992	DABCO-promoted one-pot synthesis of heteroaryl-substituted benzenes and their biological evaluation	Babu G.N., Ayalew H.M., Jain S.	2014	Medicinal Chemistry Research	23	5	10.1007/s00044-013-0857-0	School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain 456010, Madhya Pradesh, India; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Babu, G.N., School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain 456010, Madhya Pradesh, India, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Ayalew, H.M., Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Jain, S., School of Studies in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vikram University, Ujjain 456010, Madhya Pradesh, India	A simple and efficient one-pot synthesis of heteroaryl-substituted benzenes has been developed via cyclocondensation of vinylmalononitriles and ethylvinylcyanoacetates with heteroarylnitroolefines using diazabicyclo[2,2,2] octane as catalyst. The titled compounds were evaluated for their antitubercular, antibacterial and antifungal activities at various concentrations. © Springer Science+Business Media 2013.	Antibacterial activity; Antifungal activity; Antitubercular activity; DABCO; Heteroayl-substituted benzenes	1,4 diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; 3 amino 4 nitro 5 (1h pyrrole 2 yl) [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carboxylate; 3 amino 4 nitro 5 (thiophen 2 yl) [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carbonitrile; 3 amino 4' methoxy 4 nitro 5 (thiophen 2 yl) [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carbonitrile; 3 amino 5 (furan 2 yl) 4 nitro [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carbonitrile; 3 amino 5 (furan 2 yl) 4' methoxy 4 nitro 5 [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carbonitrile; acetic acid derivative; alkene derivative; benzene derivative; ciprofloxacin; clotrimazole; cyclooctane derivative; ethyl 3 amino 4 nitro(1h pyrrol 2 yl)[1,1' biphenyl] 2 carboxylate; ethyl 3 amino 4 nitro(furan 2 yl) [1,1' biphenyl] 2 carboxylate; ethyl 3 amino 4' methoxy 4 nitro 5 (thiophen 2 yl)[1,1' biphenyl 2 carbonitrile; nitrile; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; article; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus niger; Candida albicans; Candida tropicalis; catalyst; concentration response; controlled study; Escherichia coli; evaluation study; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; one pot synthesis; polymerization; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella typhi	None
WoS	WOS:000293559000026	Overview of Impact Assessment Methodologies	Anandajayasekeram, P,Anandajayasekeram, P.,Babu, S,Babu, S.,Keswani, CL,Liebenberg, F,Rukuni, M	2007	IMPACT OF SCIENCE ON AFRICAN AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY	None	None	None	International Food Policy Research Institute, International Livestock Research Institute, Capac Strengthening Unit CaSt	"Babu, S.: International Food Policy Research Institute",	The ultimate interest of investors in agricultural research and development (R&amp;D) is the extent to which their investment eventually bears a positive outcome on the lives of the poor and hungry people of developing nations without seriously harming the natural resource base. Consequently, most donors, governments and financiers of agricultural and natural resource research focus on outcome and impact assessment as a major step in their strategy. In impact assessment of R&amp;D investments, one needs to differentiate between the research results and the contribution of research to development (i.e. the people-level impact). Moreover, both of these aspects should be addressed simultaneously. This chapter summarizes the various methods and techniques used in R&amp;D using a comprehensive framework that addresses intermediate product, direct product and people-level impact simultaneously. Owing to the wide-ranging implications of agricultural research results to society, no single technique or method is sufficient to adequately address the impact. However, there is consensus that the most appropriate approaches to impact assessment should involve a mixture of both qualitative and quantitative methods and active participation of the beneficiaries. Case studies are also essential for further refining the approaches and lessons learned. The chapter concludes by outlining suggested best practices in understanding impact assessment of agricultural R&amp;D investments.	,AGRICULTURAL-RESEARCH	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951624077	Subclinical endometritis in Zebu x Friesian crossbred dairy cows: Its risk factors, association with subclinical mastitis and effect on reproductive performance	Bacha B., Regassa F.G.	2010	Tropical Animal Health and Production	42	3	10.1007/s11250-009-9433-5	College of Animal Science, Wollega University, P.O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Bacha, B., College of Animal Science, Wollega University, P.O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia; Regassa, F.G., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	A study was carried out on 59 clinically healthy Zebu x Friesian crossbred cows to determine the prevalence of subclinical endometritis, associated factors and its effect on the reproductive performance. Subclinical endometritis was diagnosed by endometrial cytology using uterine lavege technique and subclinical mastitis using CMT. The clinical, management and reproductive data were obtained from a weekly follow up visit of each cow for a period of 6 months after calving. The prevalence of subclinical endometritis, with ≥5% neutrophil count, was 47.5% and 30.5% at week 4 and 8, significantly decreasing (P = 0.002) as postpartum period advanced. Body condition score at week 4 postpartum (OR = 4.5, P = 0.017) and regular cow exercise (OR = 4.8, P = 0.026) were the significant risk factors while post-calving hygiene (P = 0.06) was poorly associated. Subclinical endometritis was also directly associated with subclinical mastitis at both week 4 (OR = 4.5, P = 0.012) and 8 (OR = 3.6, P = 0.031) postpartum. The risk of first service pregnancy (OR = 5.1, P = 0.004) was higher in cows negative for subclinical endometritis at week 8 postpartum and the proportion of cows that required more than 3 services was higher in cows with uterine inflammation. Also the proportion of cows diagnosed pregnant within 180 DIM was higher in cows with normal uterus at both week 4 (OR = 10.3, P = 0.001) and week 8(OR = 21.8, P = 0.001). These results indicated that subclinical endometritis was directly associated with poor body condition and subclinical mastitis and that it had negative effect on reproductive traits of dairy cows. This association may also reflect the possibility of translocation of bacteria/bacterial products from the uterus to the udder or vic-versa or else the presence of common cause for both endometritis and mastitis. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Cows; Endometritis; Mastitis; Reproduction; Subclinical	Bos; Bos indicus; Friesia; animal; animal disease; article; bovine mastitis; cattle; dairying; endometritis; female; pregnancy; prevalence; reproduction; risk factor; Animals; Cattle; Dairying; Endometritis; Female; Mastitis, Bovine; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Reproduction; Risk Factors	None
WoS	WOS:000274440200002	Cost-effectiveness of educational outreach to primary care nurses to increase tuberculosis case detection and improve respiratory care: economic evaluation alongside a randomised trial	Bachmann, Max O.,Bateman, Eric D.,Bheekie, Angeni,Chapman, Ronald,English, Rene,Fairall, Lara,Lombard, Carl,Majara, Bosielo,Mayers, Pat,Niessen, Louis W.,Peters, Annatjie,van Rensburg, Dingie,Zwarenstein, Merrick	2010	TROPICAL MEDICINE &amp; INTERNATIONAL HEALTH	15	3	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02455.x	Johns Hopkins University, University of Cape Town, University of East Anglia, University of the Free State, University of the Western Cape, University of Toronto, Free State Dept Hlth, MRC, Sunnybrook Res Inst	"Bachmann, Max O.: University of East Anglia","Bateman, Eric D.: University of Cape Town","Bheekie, Angeni: University of the Western Cape","English, Rene: University of Cape Town","Fairall, Lara: University of Cape Town","Majara, Bosielo: University of the Free State","Mayers, Pat: University of Cape Town","Niessen, Louis W.: Johns Hopkins University","van Rensburg, Dingie: University of the Free State","Zwarenstein, Merrick: University of Toronto",	OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of an educational outreach intervention to improve primary respiratory care by South African nurses. METHODS Cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial, with individual patient data. The intervention, the Practical Approach to Lung Health in South Africa (PALSA), comprised educational outreach based on syndromic clinical practice guidelines for tuberculosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia and other respiratory diseases. The study included 1999 patients aged 15 or over with cough or difficult breathing, attending 40 primary care clinics staffed by nurses in the Free State province. They were interviewed at first presentation, and 1856 (93%) were interviewed 3 months later. RESULTS The intervention increased the tuberculosis case detection rate by 2.2% and increased the proportion of patients appropriately managed ( that is, diagnosed with tuberculosis or prescribed an inhaled corticosteroid for asthma or referred with indicators of severe disease) by 10%. It costs the health service $68 more for each extra patient diagnosed with tuberculosis and $15 more for every extra patient appropriately managed. Analyses were most sensitive to assumptions about how long training was effective for and to inclusion of household and tuberculosis treatment costs. CONCLUSION This educational outreach method was more effective and more costly than usual training in improving tuberculosis, asthma and urgent respiratory care. The extra cost of increasing tuberculosis case detection was comparable to current costs of passive case detection. The syndromic approach increased cost-effectiveness by also improving care of other conditions. This educational intervention was sustainable, reaching thousands of health workers and hundreds of clinics since the trial.	EDUCATION,"HEALTH ECONOMICS","LUNG DISEASE","PRIMARY CARE","randomised trial",TUBERCULOSIS,CAPE-TOWN,COMMUNITY,COUNTRIES,ILLNESS,INTERVENTION,"LUNG HEALTH","PRACTICAL APPROACH",SOUTH-AFRICA,STRATEGIES,TANZANIA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864439547	Impact of intensified Indian Ocean winds on mesoscale variability in the Agulhas system	Backeberg B.C., Penven P., Rouault M.	2012	Nature Climate Change	2	8	10.1038/nclimate1587	Nansen-Tutu Centre for Marine Environmental Research, University of Cape Town, 7701, South Africa; Department of Oceanography, MA-RE Institute, University of Cape Town, 7701, South Africa; LMI ICEMASA, Laboratoire de Physique des Oceans, UMR 6523 (CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, UBO), 29280 Plouzané, France	Backeberg, B.C., Nansen-Tutu Centre for Marine Environmental Research, University of Cape Town, 7701, South Africa, Department of Oceanography, MA-RE Institute, University of Cape Town, 7701, South Africa; Penven, P., Department of Oceanography, MA-RE Institute, University of Cape Town, 7701, South Africa, LMI ICEMASA, Laboratoire de Physique des Oceans, UMR 6523 (CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, UBO), 29280 Plouzané, France; Rouault, M., Nansen-Tutu Centre for Marine Environmental Research, University of Cape Town, 7701, South Africa, Department of Oceanography, MA-RE Institute, University of Cape Town, 7701, South Africa	South of Africa, the Agulhas Current retroflects and a portion of its waters flows into the South Atlantic Ocean, typically in the form of Agulhas rings. This flux of warm and salty water from the Indian to the Atlantic Ocean (the Agulhas leakage) is now recognized as a key element in global climate. An Agulhas leakage shutdown has been associated with extreme glacial periods, whereas a vigorous increase has preceded shifts towards interglacials. In the absence of a coherent observing system, studies of the Agulhas have relied heavily on ocean models, which have revealed a possible recent increase in Agulhas leakage. However, owing to the high levels of oceanic turbulence, model solutions of the region are highly sensitive to their numerical choices, stressing the need for observations to confirm these important model results. Here, using satellite altimetry observations from 1993 to 2009, we show that the mesoscale variability of the Agulhas system, in particular in the Mozambique Channel and south of Madagascar, has intensified. This seems to result from an increased South Equatorial Current driven by enhanced trade winds over the tropical Indian Ocean. Overall, the intensified mesoscale variability of the Agulhas system is reflected in accelerated eddy propagation, in its source regions as well as the retroflection from which eddies propagate into the South Atlantic Ocean. This suggests that the Agulhas leakage may have increased from 1993 to 2009, confirming previous modelling studies that have further implied an increased Agulhas leakage may compensate a deceleration of meridional overturning circulation associated with a freshening of the North Atlantic Ocean. © 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.	None	interglacial; meridional circulation; mesoscale meteorology; salt water; satellite altimetry; trade wind; turbulence; water flow; Agulhas Current; Atlantic Ocean; Atlantic Ocean (South); Indian Ocean; Madagascar; Mozambique Channel; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000296353600001	Alternative antiretroviral monitoring strategies for HIV-infected patients in east Africa: opportunities to save more lives?	Bacon, Melanie C.,Braithwaite, R. Scott,Diero, Lameck,Kimaiyo, Sylvester,Musick, Beverly,Nucifora, Kimberly A.,Wools-Kaloustian, Kara,Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.	2011	JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY	14	None	10.1186/1758-2652-14-38	Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana University System, Moi University, National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA, New York University, National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA, NIH National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID)	"Bacon, Melanie C.: National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA","Braithwaite, R. Scott: New York University","Diero, Lameck: Moi University","Kimaiyo, Sylvester: Moi University","Musick, Beverly: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis","Musick, Beverly: Indiana University System","Nucifora, Kimberly A.: New York University","Wools-Kaloustian, Kara: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis","Wools-Kaloustian, Kara: Indiana University System","Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis","Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.: Indiana University System",	Background: Updated World Health Organization guidelines have amplified debate about how resource constraints should impact monitoring strategies for HIV-infected persons on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We estimated the incremental benefit and cost effectiveness of alternative monitoring strategies for east Africans with known HIV infection. Methods: Using a validated HIV computer simulation based on resource-limited data (USAID and AMPATH) and circumstances (east Africa), we compared alternative monitoring strategies for HIV-infected persons newly started on cART. We evaluated clinical, immunologic and virologic monitoring strategies, including combinations and conditional logic (e. g., only perform virologic testing if immunologic testing is positive). We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) in units of cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY), using a societal perspective and a lifetime horizon. Costs were measured in 2008 US dollars, and costs and benefits were discounted at 3%. We compared the ICER of monitoring strategies with those of other resource-constrained decisions, in particular earlier cART initiation (at CD4 counts of 350 cells/mm(3) rather than 200 cells/mm3). Results: Monitoring strategies employing routine CD4 testing without virologic testing never maximized health benefits, regardless of budget or societal willingness to pay for additional health benefits. Monitoring strategies employing virologic testing conditional upon particular CD4 results delivered the most benefit at willingness-to-pay levels similar to the cost of earlier cART initiation (approximately $2600/QALY). Monitoring strategies employing routine virologic testing alone only maximized health benefits at willingness-to-pay levels (&gt; $4400/QALY) that greatly exceeded the ICER of earlier cART initiation. Conclusions: CD4 testing alone never maximized health benefits regardless of resource limitations. Programmes routinely performing virologic testing but deferring cART initiation may increase health benefits by reallocating monitoring resources towards earlier cART initiation.	,ADHERENCE,COST-EFFECTIVENESS,MODEL,OUTCOMES,PROGRAMS,"RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS",THERAPY,"VIRAL LOAD"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892591804	The impact of level of education of pregnant women on nutritional adherence	Bada F.O., Falana B.A.	2012	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	3	3	10.5901/mjss.2012.v3n3p335	Department of Guidance and Counselling, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Bada, F.O., Department of Guidance and Counselling, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Falana, B.A., Department of Guidance and Counselling, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	The study examined the impact of educational level of pregnant women on their adherence to nutrition recommendation in Ado-Ekiti local government area of Ekiti state. The study investigated the Impact of education, the knowledge, the social status, socioeconomic and socio-cultural factors on adherence to nutrition among pregnant women in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The research design for the study was descriptive in nature and survey approach was adopted for the entire population. The population consisted of the literate and illiterate pregnant women of child bearing ages selected through purposive random sampling technique in five hospitals in Ado-Ekiti local Government. A sample of 100 respondents was randomly selected using purposive and stratified random sampling technique. A questionnaire tilled "Education and nutrition of pregnant women in Ekiti State "was used for collecting data. To ensure the validity of the instrument copies of the instrument were given to health care practitioners and nutrition specialists in the hospitals that are not part of the sample and the Department of Health and Human kinetics Ekiti State University. They ensured face and content validities of the instrument. A reliability coefficient of 0.74 was obtained using test retest reliability. This was found significant at 0.05 level of significance. The instrument was personally administered in the maternity homes in Ado-Ekiti local Government Area of Ekiti State. The data generated were analysed using descriptive and inferential Statistics. The general question raised was answered using frequency counts and percentages. The hypothesis postulated was tested using Chi-square (x2). The analysis of the data revealed that Education determined to a large extent the nutritional adherence by pregnant women. There are significant relationship between the education level of respondent pregnant women and their nutritional adherence. Based on the findings, the curriculum planners should integrate nutritional counselling to all levels of education in Nigeria schools. The Ekiti State Government and Nigeria Government should have a nutritional guide for would be pregnant women in Ekiti State.	Level of education; Nutritional adherence; Pregnancy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57549115964	Evaluation and treatment of coal fly ash for adsorption application	Bada S.O., Potgieter-Vermaak S.	2008	Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies	7	12	None	School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, P/Bag X3 Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	Bada, S.O., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, P/Bag X3 Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Potgieter-Vermaak, S., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, P/Bag X3 Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	Many researchers had investigated fly ash as an adsorbent for the uptake of organic compounds from petrochemical waste effluents. The availability, inexpensive and its adsorption characteristic had made it an alternative media for the removal of organic compounds from aqueous solution. The physical property of South African Coal Fly Ash (SACFA) was investigated to determine its adsorption capability and how it can be improved. Chemical treatment using 1M HCl solution in the ratio of (1 g) fly ash to (2 ml) of acid was used and compared with untreated heat-treated samples. The chemically treated fly ash has a higher specific surface area of 5.4116 m2/g than the heat-treated fly ash with 2.9969 m2/g. More attention had to be given to the utilization of SACFA for the treatment of wastewaters containing organic compounds through the application of Liquid phase adsorption process that was considered as an inexpensive and environmentally friendly technology.	Adsorbent; Adsorption capacity; Characterization; Fly ash	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745685571	Production, acceptability and microbiological evaluation of weaning food formulations	Badau M.H., Jideani I.A., Nkama I.	2006	Journal of Tropical Pediatrics	52	3	10.1093/tropej/fmi079	Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B. 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria	Badau, M.H., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Jideani, I.A., Department of Biological Sciences Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B. 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Nkama, I., Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria	Weaning food formulations were produced from pearl millet cultivar (SOSAT C-88), cowpea and groundnut in the ratio of 70:20:10 and 5 per cent malt from six pearl millet cultivars (SOSAT C-88, ZANGO, EX-BORNO, ICMV IS 94206, GWAGWA, GB 8735) and one sorghum cultivar (ICSV III) were added to produce seven formulations plus the one without malt. Microbiological quality of eight weaning food formulations was evaluated. Twenty weaning mothers were used to determine the acceptability of gruels from the eight weaning food formulations using a nine-point hedonic scale. Addition of 5 per cent malt did not affect the microbial count of weaning food formulations. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Klebsiella aerogenes and Aspergillus niger were found in all the weaning food formulations. Shigella and Salmonella were not encountered in this study. Addition of 5 per cent SOSAT C-88, ZANGO, EX-BORNO, ICMV-IS 94206 and GWAGWA malt improved the taste and texture of weaning food formulations. The population of micro-organisms isolated from weaning formulations was not high enough to produce effective dose. However, the need for processors of weaning foods to adopt strict hygiene practices cannot be overemphasized. © 2006 Oxford University Press.	None	article; Aspergillus niger; baby food; controlled study; cowpea; cultivar; food processing; food quality; food texture; hygiene; Klebsiella aerogenes; malt; microbiology; mother; nonhuman; peanut; rating scale; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Salmonella; Shigella; sorghum; taste; weaning; Cereals; Consumer Satisfaction; Diarrhea, Infantile; Food Microbiology; Humans; Infant; Infant Food; Nigeria; Panicum; Sorghum; Weaning	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34748873222	Impact of β2-adrenoreceptor gene variants on cardiac cavity size and systolic function in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy	Badenhorst D., Norton G.R., Sliwa K., Brooksbank R., Essop R., Sareli P., Woodiwiss A.J.	2007	Pharmacogenomics Journal	7	5	10.1038/sj.tpj.6500426	Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, Schools of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Medicine (Division of Cardiology, Chris-Hani Baragwanath Hospital), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Badenhorst, D., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, Schools of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Norton, G.R., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, Schools of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sliwa, K., Medicine (Division of Cardiology, Chris-Hani Baragwanath Hospital), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Brooksbank, R., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, Schools of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Essop, R., Medicine (Division of Cardiology, Chris-Hani Baragwanath Hospital), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sareli, P., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, Schools of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Woodiwiss, A.J., Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, Schools of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	In heart failure, the Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphisms of the β2-adrenoreceptor (β2-AR) gene are associated with exercise-capacity, clinical outcomes and response to β-AR blocker therapy. Whether β2-AR gene variants mediate these effects in-part through an impact on cardiac structural remodeling and pump function independent of the effects of β-blockers is uncertain. We evaluated whether the Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu variants of the β2-AR gene predict left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and LV end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) before and 6 months after receiving standard medical therapy other than β-AR blockers. In all, 394 patients with IDC and 393 age and gender-matched controls were genotyped for the β2-AR gene variants using restriction-fragment length polymorphism-based techniques. LVEF and dimensions were determined in 132 patients (of whom 71 were newly diagnosed) both at baseline and after 6 months. Genotype of neither variant was associated with the presence of IDC. Moreover, β2-AR genotype did not determine LVEF or LV dimensions prior to initiating therapy. After 6 months of therapy, LVEF increased by 7.1 ± 1.0 absolute units (P &lt; 0.0001) and LVEDD decreased by 0.27 ± 0.06cm (P &lt; 0.02). Adjusting for baseline values as well as gender, age, and type of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy received, genotype was associated with neither final LVEF and LVEDD, nor change in LVEF and LVEDD. In conclusion, these data suggest that in heart failure, the functional Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu variants of the β2-AR gene have no independent effect on adverse structural remodeling and pump function.	None	beta 2 adrenergic receptor; beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent; digoxin; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor; diuretic agent; enalapril; furosemide; perindopril; trandolapril; beta 2 adrenergic receptor; cardiotonic agent; cardiovascular agent; adult; article; congestive cardiomyopathy; controlled study; female; genetic association; genetic risk; genetic variability; genotype; heart failure; heart left ventricle ejection fraction; heart left ventricle enddiastolic volume; heart left ventricle volume; heart ventricle remodeling; human; major clinical study; male; priority journal; restriction fragment length polymorphism; risk factor; systole; case control study; clinical trial; congestive cardiomyopathy; drug combination; drug effect; gene frequency; genetic predisposition; genetics; haplotype; heart left ventricle function; heart stroke volume; heart ventricle; heart ventricle remodeling; middle aged; pathology; pathophysiology; prospective study; restriction fragment length polymorphism; time; treatment outcome; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Agents; Case-Control Studies; Digoxin; Diuretics; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Furosemide; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Haplotypes; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Prospective Studies; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Risk Factors; Stroke Volume; Systole; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Ventricular Function, Left; Ventricular Remodeling	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940053276	Performance comparison of three models for thermal property determination from experimental phase change data	Badenhorst H.	2015	Thermochimica Acta	616	None	10.1016/j.tca.2015.08.009	SARChI, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, South Africa	Badenhorst, H., SARChI, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria, South Africa	The characterization of thermal properties continues to be a challenge facing the development of composite phase change materials. To overcome the practical issues of current techniques a new experimental method was developed. The system is modelled using two fundamental models and a simplified analytical representation. Pure myristic acid is used for validation and a performance comparison based on time, accuracy and stability. All three approaches perform comparatively well in terms of accuracy with an average prediction error of less than one third of a degree and all thermal properties in line with expectations. The enthalpy model is susceptible to instability while the effective heat capacity method does not show any such behaviour. In addition, due to the choice of a smooth function for the transition from liquid to solid, this method delivers more realistic behaviour. The effective heat capacity method is faster than the enthalpy method by a factor of three, but the analytical approach is the fastest. However for a more robust and comprehensive representation the effective heat capacity method is preferred. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Effective heat capacity; Enthalpy; Thermal properties	Enthalpy; Hybrid materials; Specific heat; Thermodynamic properties; Analytical approach; Average prediction error; Composite phase change materials; Fundamental models; New experimental method; Performance comparison; Practical issues; Smooth functions; Phase change materials	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350067656	Geophysical evaluation and chemical analysis of kaolin clay deposit of Lakiri village, Southwestern Nigeria	Badmus B.S., Olatinsu O.B.	2009	International Journal of Physical Sciences	4	10	None	Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	Badmus, B.S., Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Olatinsu, O.B., Department of Physics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria	A geophysical survey using the vertical electrical sounding (VES) technique was carried out to evaluate kaolin clay mineral deposit of Lakiri village, Obafemi-Owode local government area of Ogun State, Southwestern, Nigeria. Thirty three (33) Schlumberger vertical electrical soundings (VES) were acquired at three different sites. The data obtained was interpreted using WingGLink software to determine the apparent resistivity and thickness of each geoelectric layer. A minimum of three geoelectric layers and a maximum of five geoelectric layers were delineated. The subsurface lithology includes: topsoil, clayey sand/sandy clay, kaolin clay and sandstone. The kaolin clay distribution was identified in about 80% of the VES stations with resistivity values ranging between 1099 - 22037 ω m and thicknesses between 0.4 - 17 m. Chemical analysis carried out on samples collected from these sites shows that the kaolin clay is acidic and contains high concentration of alkaline metals. The physical analyses revealed the kaolin clay to have an average porosity of 0.46 and bulk density of 1.4 g cm-3. The study also revealed that the percentage of clay in the samples collected was found to be higher than that of silt and sand. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Bulk density; Electrical sounding and geoelectric layers; Kaolin clay; Resistivity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-14044269447	Performance evaluation of an Oil Palm Fruit Screen	Badmus G.A., Adeyemi N.A., Owolarafe O.K.	2005	Journal of Food Engineering	69	2	10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.08.011	Nigerian Inst. for Oil Palm Research, Benin city, Nigeria; Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Badmus, G.A., Nigerian Inst. for Oil Palm Research, Benin city, Nigeria; Adeyemi, N.A., Nigerian Inst. for Oil Palm Research, Benin city, Nigeria; Owolarafe, O.K., Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Pre-sterilization cleaning of fruit by the removal of calyx is a common practice by Nigeria Small Scale Palm Oil producers. They manually pick palm fruits or repose fruits along inclined wire gauze to achieve the separation of calyx from fruits. These manual methods are slow, labour demanding and arduous. An Oil Palm Fruit Screen was designed (in the Research Engineering Division of NIFOR) to separate calyx from oil palm fruits (prior to fruit sterilization) and to clean fruits thereby improving oil palm fruit quality in the Small Scale Processing Engineering (SSPE) outfit used at NIFOR. In the evaluation of the machine, harvested oil palm fruit naturally containing calyx was screened. Known weights of palm fruit and calyx mixed in various proportions were also screened in the machine. Consistently, over 80% separation was obtained whenever a mixture of fruit and calyx is subjected to the machine. This result shows that the incorporation of this screen in the SSPE enhances pre-sterilization cleaning of palm fruits thereby improving the overall efficiency of the Small Scale Processing Equipment in terms of oil yield and quality. © 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.	Calyx; Effectiveness; Oil palm fruits; Oil-yield; Quality; Screen	Crude petroleum; Harvesting; Heating; Hoppers; Quality control; Rotating machinery; Separation; Sterilization (cleaning); Calyx; Effectiveness; Oil palm fruits; Oil-yeild; Fruits; Crude Oil; Fruits; Harvesting; Heating; Hoppers; Rotary Machines; Separation; Sterilization; Calyx; Elaeis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-18844437026	Enhancing the capacity of national scientists to generate and transfer maize technology in West and Central Africa: Research implementation, monitoring and evaluation	Badu-Apraku B., Fakorede M.A.B., Menkir A., Marfo K.A., Akanvou L.	2005	Experimental Agriculture	41	2	10.1017/S0014479704002492	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, c/o Lambourn (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Department of Plant Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Crops Research Institute, Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; CNRA, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire	Badu-Apraku, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, c/o Lambourn (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Fakorede, M.A.B., Department of Plant Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Menkir, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria; Marfo, K.A., Crops Research Institute, Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Akanvou, L., CNRA, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire	The West and Central Africa Collaborative Maize Research Network (WECAMAN) was established in 1987 to strengthen the capacity and capability of national programmes of West and Central Africa (WCA) to tackle regional constraints to maize production. The Network created several mechanisms for implementing, monitoring and evaluating maize research and development activities, including research project development and implementation, attendance and quality of paper presentation at technical conferences organized by the Network, scientific monitoring tours, consultation visits, mid-term reviews, and end-of-project reviews and impact assessment. WECAMAN's approach to the system of allocating research responsibilities and competitive grants resulted in increased research efficiency and the generation of susiainable technologies that have catalysed increased maize production in the region. © 2005 Cambridge University Press.	None	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38949120505	Performance of early maize cultivars derived from recurrent selection for grain yield and Striga resistance	Badu-Apraku B., Fontem Lum A., Fakorede M.A.B., Menkir A., Chabi Y., The C., Abdulai M., Jacob S., Agbaje S.	2008	Crop Science	48	1	10.2135/cropsci2007.01.0060	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), c/o L.W. Lambourn (UK) Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Rd., Croydon, CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Obafemi Awolowo, Ile-lfe, Nigeria; INRAB/CRAN-INA, Benin; IRAD, Yaounde, Cameroon; SARI, Tamale, Ghana; INERA, Bobo-Dioulosso, Burkina Faso	Badu-Apraku, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), c/o L.W. Lambourn (UK) Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Rd., Croydon, CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Fontem Lum, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), c/o L.W. Lambourn (UK) Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Rd., Croydon, CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Fakorede, M.A.B., Obafemi Awolowo, Ile-lfe, Nigeria; Menkir, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), c/o L.W. Lambourn (UK) Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Rd., Croydon, CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Chabi, Y., INRAB/CRAN-INA, Benin; The, C., IRAD, Yaounde, Cameroon; Abdulai, M., SARI, Tamale, Ghana; Jacob, S., INERA, Bobo-Dioulosso, Burkina Faso; Agbaje, S., Obafemi Awolowo, Ile-lfe, Nigeria	Maize (Zea mays L.) production in west and central Africa (WCA) is constrained by the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth and recurrent drought. Two early maize populations, TZE-W Pop DT STR C0 (white) and TZE-Y Pop DT STR C0 (yellow), developed from diverse genetic backgrounds, were subjected to three cycles of S1 recurrent selection under artificial Striga infestation. Inbreds and synthetic cultivars were developed from the different cycles of selection. The populations (C 0), derived cultivars, and check cultivars were evaluated in 2002 and 2003 under Striga-infested and Striga-free environments in WCA. The objective was to assess the performance of the derived cultivars from the different cycles of selection. Under Striga infestation, ACR 94 TZE Comp5-Y and ACR 94 TZE Comp5-W, which were not from the selection program, were the highest-yielding group (2158 and 2124 kg ha-1, respectively). The second group comprised six products of the selection program, with grain yield ranging from 1806 to 1954 kg ha-1. The third group, with grain yield of 1498 to 1759 kg ha-1 contained mostly Striga-susceptible cultivars and the C0 of the selection program. Under Striga-free conditions, the performance of several cultivars from the selection program was equal to or better than ACR 94 TZE Comp5-Y and ACR 94 TZE Comp5-W. The genotype plus genotype x environment interaction biplot analysis demonstrated that EV DT-Y 2000 STR C1 and TZE-W Pop DT STR C3 from the selection program, along with ACR 94 TZE Comp5-W, had stable grain yield under Striga-infested and noninfested conditions. © Crop Science Society of America.	None	Striga; Striga hermonthica; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247490332	Evaluation of experimental varieties from recurrent selection for Striga resistance in two extra-early maize populations in the savannas of West and Central Africa	Badu-Apraku B., Fakorede M.A.B., Fontem Lum A.	2007	Experimental Agriculture	43	2	10.1017/S0014479706004601	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria; c/o L.W. Lambourn (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Badu-Apraku, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, c/o L.W. Lambourn (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Fakorede, M.A.B., Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Fontem Lum, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria, c/o L.W. Lambourn (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, CR9 3EE, United Kingdom	A breeding programme for resistance to Striga hermonthica in maize (Zea mays) was initiated in Côte d'Ivoire in 1994. Two extra-early populations, white (TZEE-W Pop STR) and yellow (TZEE-Y Pop STR), were formed from diallel crosses of the best adapted extra-early maturing maize germplasm in the West and Central African subregion. In an effort to improve the populations for Striga resistance, TZEE-W Pop was crossed to inbred 1368 STR (Tzi 3 STR), and TZEE-Y Pop to 9450 STR (Tzi 25 STR). The resulting F1 populations were carried through two backcross (BC) generations. S1 lines were developed from the BC2 and subjected to two cycles of random mating to generate TZEE-W Pop STR C0 and TZEE-Y Pop STR C0. These two populations were subjected to three cycles of S1 recurrent selection under artificial Striga infestation and several experimental varieties were extracted from the different cycles of the selection programme. The original populations (C0), improved populations, and experimental varieties were evaluated in two experiments under Striga-infested and Striga-free conditions. The primary objective was to determine the effectiveness of S1 recurrent selection in developing Striga-resistant extra-early maize varieties. Results of the performance tests showed that the populations were good sources of Striga-resistant varieties with high-yield potential under both Striga-infested and Striga-free conditions. The results have also confirmed the effectiveness of inbreeding, selection and hybridization, as well as the backcross breeding methods, as tools for the development of extra-early populations, synthetic varieties and inbred lines. © 2007 Cambridge University Press.	None	Striga; Striga hermonthica; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878764362	Comparative performance of early-maturing maize cultivars developed in three eras under drought stress and well-watered environments in West Africa	Badu-Apraku B., Oyekunle M., Menkir A., Obeng-Antwi K., Yallou C.G., Usman I.S., Alidu H.	2013	Crop Science	53	4	10.2135/cropsci2012.11.0640	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Rd., Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; CRI-CSIR, Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; INRAB, Cotonou, Benin; IAR, Amadu Bello Univ., Samaru, Nigeria; SARI-CSIR, Box 52, Tamale, Ghana	Badu-Apraku, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Rd., Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Oyekunle, M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Rd., Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Menkir, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Rd., Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Obeng-Antwi, K., CRI-CSIR, Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Yallou, C.G., INRAB, Cotonou, Benin; Usman, I.S., IAR, Amadu Bello Univ., Samaru, Nigeria; Alidu, H., SARI-CSIR, Box 52, Tamale, Ghana	Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major staple crop in West Africa and has the potential to mitigate the food insecurity in the subregion. However, maize grain yield is severely constrained by drought. A study was conducted at 13 locations in West Africa for 2 yr to determine genetic gains in yield of cultivars developed during three eras, 1988 to 2000 (first-generation cultivars), 2001 to 2006 (second-generation cultivars), and 2007 to 2010 (third-generation cultivars) under drought and optimal conditions. Under drought, yield ranged from 1346 kg ha-1 for first-generation cultivars to 1613 kg ha-1 for third-generation cultivars with a genetic gain of 1.1% yr-1. Under optimal conditions, yield gain ranged from 3363 kg ha-1 for first-generation cultivars to 3956 kg ha-1 for third-generation cultivars with genetic gain of 1.3%. The average rate of increase in yield was 14 and 40 kg ha-1 yr-1 under drought and optimum conditions. Genetic gains in yield from first- to third-generation cultivars under drought was associated with improved plant aspect and husk cover, whereas under optimum conditions it was associated with plant and ear aspects, increased ears per plant, plant and ear heights, and improved husk cover. Cultivars TZE-W DT C2 STR, DTE-W STR Syn C1, DT-W STR Synthetic, 2009 DTE-W STR Syn, and EV DT-W 2008 STR were high yielding and stable across drought environments. Substantial progress has been made in breeding for drought tolerance during the last three decades. © Crop Science Society of America.	None	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945538270	Consistency of performance of early-maturing maize cultivars in striga-infested and striga-free environments	Badu-Apraku B., Yallou C., Oyekunle M., Akinwale R., Aweke G., Kamara A.	2015	Canadian Journal of Plant Science	95	6	10.4141/CJPS-2015-056	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, United Kingdom; INRAB, Cotonou, Benin; Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria	Badu-Apraku, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, United Kingdom; Yallou, C., INRAB, Cotonou, Benin; Oyekunle, M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, United Kingdom; Akinwale, R., Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Aweke, G., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, United Kingdom; Kamara, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), IITA (UK) Ltd, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, United Kingdom	Despite the immense potential of maize (Zea mays L.) in savannas of West and Central Africa (WCA), production and productivity is constrained by Strigahermonthica parasitism. Sixteen early-maturing cultivars were evaluated at two locations in Nigeria and three locations in the Republic of Benin from 2007 to 2009 to assess the grain yield, stability and the consistency of the rankings of the cultivars under Striga-infested and Striga-free environments. The combined analysis of variance showed significant (P<0.01) cultivar and cultivar´environment interactions for grain yield and other traits under Striga-infested and Striga-free environments. The test of concordance was significant (P<0.001) for grain yield (W=0.68), number of emerged Striga plants (W=0.74) and Striga damage (W=0.56) under Striga infestation, indicating stability of resistance in the cultivars developed from diverse sources under artificial S. hermonthica infestation across environments. There was high consistency of the rankings of the cultivars for grain yield and other Striga-resistance traits under Striga-infested and Striga-free environments in Benin and Nigeria. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) biplot analysis for grain yield revealed POOL15SR/ACR94TZECOMP5-W/ACR94TZECOMP5-W and 2004 TZE-Y Pop DT STR C4 as the most stable cultivars with above-average mean grain yield in Striga-infested environments and they can be combined with other crop management options to control the parasite in the Striga endemic environments. Cultivars TZE Comp 5-W C7F2 and TZE Comp5-Y C6 S6 (Set B) had less Striga damage and number of emerged Striga plants across test environments. These cultivars could therefore serve as unique sources of favorable alleles for improving Striga resistance in maize in different production environments and farming systems. © 2015, Agricultural Institute of Canada. All rights reserved.	Early-maturing cultivar; Genotype × environment interaction; Host plant resistance; Savanna; Stability of performance; Striga infestation	crop yield; cultivar; dicotyledon; disease resistance; genotype-environment interaction; host plant; infectivity; maize; maturation; parasitic plant; parasitism; performance assessment; savanna; spatiotemporal analysis; variance analysis; Benin [West Africa]; Central Africa; Nigeria; Striga; Striga hermonthica; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862538797	Performance of extra-early maize cultivars based on GGE biplot and AMMI analysis	Badu-Apraku B., Oyekunle M., Obeng-Antwi K., Osuman A.S., Ado S.G., Coulibay N., Yallou C.G., Abdulai M., Boakyewaa G.A., Didjeira A.	2012	Journal of Agricultural Science	150	4	10.1017/S0021859611000761	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA (UK) Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Crops Research Institute (CRI), Kumasi, Ghana; Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Zaria, Nigeria; Institut d'Economie Rurale, Bamako, Mali; Institut Nationale de Recherches Agricoles du Benin, Cotonou, Benin; Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Tamale, Ghana; Institu Togolais de Recherches Agricoles, Lome, Togo	Badu-Apraku, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA (UK) Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Oyekunle, M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA (UK) Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Obeng-Antwi, K., Crops Research Institute (CRI), Kumasi, Ghana; Osuman, A.S., Crops Research Institute (CRI), Kumasi, Ghana; Ado, S.G., Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Zaria, Nigeria; Coulibay, N., Institut d'Economie Rurale, Bamako, Mali; Yallou, C.G., Institut Nationale de Recherches Agricoles du Benin, Cotonou, Benin; Abdulai, M., Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Tamale, Ghana; Boakyewaa, G.A., Savanna Agricultural Research Institute (SARI), Tamale, Ghana; Didjeira, A., Institu Togolais de Recherches Agricoles, Lome, Togo	Multi-environment trials (METs) in West Africa have demonstrated the existence of genotype× environment interactions (G× E), which complicate the selection of superior cultivars and the best testing sites for identifying superior and stable genotypes. Two powerful statistical tools available for MET analysis are the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and the genotype main effect+G× E (known as GGE) biplot. The objective of the present study was to compare their effectiveness in identifying maize mega-environments and stable and superior maize cultivars with good adaptation to West Africa. Twelve extra-early maturing maize cultivars were evaluated at 17 locations in four countries in West Africa from 2006 to 2009. The effects of genotype (G), environments (E) and G× E were significant (P<0 01) for grain yield. Differences between E accounted for 0 75 of the total variation in the sum of squares for grain yield, whereas the G effects accounted for 0 03 and G× E for 0 22. The GGE biplot explained 0 74 of total variations in the sum of squares for grain yield and revealed three mega-environments and seven cultivar groups. The AMMI graph explained 0 13 and revealed four groups each of environments and cultivars. The two procedures provided similar results in terms of stability and performance of the cultivars. Both methods identified the cultivars 2004 TZEE-W Pop STR C4 and TZEE-W Pop STR C4 as superior across environments. Cultivar 2004 TZEE-W Pop STR C4 was the most stable. The GGE biplot was more versatile and flexible, and provided a better understanding of G× E than the AMMI graph. It identified Zaria, Ilorin, Ikenne, Ejura, Kita, Babile, Ina and Angaredebou as the core testing sites of the three mega-environments for testing the Regional Uniform Variety Trials-extra-early. © 2011 Cambridge University Press.	None	adaptation; crop yield; cultivar; genotype-environment interaction; graphical method; maize; performance assessment; statistical analysis; West Africa; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879307225	Assessing the representativeness and repeatability of test locations for genotype evaluation	Badu-Apraku B., Akinwale R.O., Obeng-Antwi K., Haruna A., Kanton R., Usman I., Ado S.G., Coulibaly N., Yallou G.C., Oyekunle M.	2013	Canadian Journal of Plant Science	93	4	10.4141/CJPS2012-136	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Department of Crop Production and Protection, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife-Ife, Nigeria; Crops Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana; Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale, Ghana; Institut d'Economie Rurale, Bamako, Mali; Institut National de Recherches Agricoles du Bénin, Cotonou, Benin; Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Nigeria	Badu-Apraku, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Akinwale, R.O., Department of Crop Production and Protection, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife-Ife, Nigeria; Obeng-Antwi, K., Crops Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana; Haruna, A., Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale, Ghana; Kanton, R., Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale, Ghana; Usman, I., Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Nigeria; Ado, S.G., Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Nigeria; Coulibaly, N., Institut d'Economie Rurale, Bamako, Mali; Yallou, G.C., Institut National de Recherches Agricoles du Bénin, Cotonou, Benin; Oyekunle, M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon, CR9 3EE, United Kingdom	The selection of suitable breeding and testing sites is crucial to the success of a maize (Zea mays L.) improvement programme. Twelve early-maturing maize cultivars were evaluated for 3 yr at 16 locations in West Africa to determine the representativeness, discriminating ability, and repeatability of the testing sites and to identify core testing sites. Genotype main effect plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot analysis revealed that Zaria (Nigeria), Nyankpala (Ghana), and Ejura (Ghana) displayed the highest discriminating ability. Two mega-environments were identified. Bagou, Nyankpala, Bagauda, Ikenne, and Mokwa constituted the first mega-environment (ME1); Ejura, Ina and Sotuba represented the second (ME2). The ME1 would be more useful for evaluating early maize genotypes for tolerance to drought than ME2 because locations in ME1 were more strongly correlated to Ikenne (managed drought stress site). Among the test locations, Bagou and Mokwa were found to be closely related to Ikenne in their ranking of the cultivars for drought tolerance; Zaria was the exact opposite, indicating that this was the least suitable location for evaluating genotypes for drought tolerance. Nyankpala and Ikenne were identified as the core testing sites for ME1 and Ejura for ME2. TZE Comp 3 C2F2 was identified as the highest yielding cultivar for ME1 and Syn DTE STR-Y for ME2, indicating that they could be used as check cultivars. Ikenne, Nyankpala, and Ejura had moderately high repeatability. They were closer to the average environment axis of each mega-environment and will be useful for culling unstable genotypes during multi-locational testing. Other sites were less representative and not repeatable and will not be useful for evaluating early maize cultivars for drought tolerance.	Core testing sites; drought stress; GGE biplot; maize; repeatability	correlation; crop improvement; culling; cultivar; discriminant analysis; genotype; maize; maturation; adaptation; assessment method; drought stress; reproductive behavior; selection; tolerance; West Africa; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650429812	Performance of tropical early-maturing maize cultivars in multiple stress environments	Badu-Apraku B., Menkir A., Ajala S.O., Akinwale R.O., Oyekunle M., Obeng-Antwi K.	2010	Canadian Journal of Plant Science	90	6	10.4141/CJPS10059	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Crops Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana	Badu-Apraku, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Menkir, A., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Ajala, S.O., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Akinwale, R.O., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Oyekunle, M., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (UK) Limited, Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom; Obeng-Antwi, K., Crops Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana	Maize (Zea mays L.) production in west Africa (WA) is constrained by drought, Striga hermonthica infestation and low soil nitrogen (N). Maize varieties resistant to Striga, drought, and low N are ideal for WA, but genotype×, environment interaction on these traits are usually significant due to differential responses of cultivars to growing conditions. Three studies were conducted from 2007 to 2009 at five locations in Nigeria to evaluate the performance of selected early-maturing cultivars under drought stress versus well-watered, Striga-infested versus Striga-free, and in low- versus high-N environments. Drought stress reduced grain yield by 44%, Striga infestation by 65%, and low N by 40%. GGE biplot analysis showed that the genotypes TZE-W DT STR C4, Tillering Early DT, TZE-W DT STR QPM C0 and TZE-Y DT STR C4 performed relatively well in all study environments. TZE-W DT STR C4 and TZE Comp3 C1F2 were outstanding under drought, TZE-W DT STR C4, EVDT-W 99 STR QPM C0 and TZE-W DT STR QPMC0 under Striga infestation and Tillering Early DT, EVDT 97 STRC1, TZE-W DT STR C4, and TZE Comp3 C3 under N deficiency. Maize productivity in WA can be significantly improved by promoting cultivation of genotypes that combine high resistance/tolerance to Striga and drought with improved N-use efficiency.	Genotype × Environment interaction; GGE biplot; Low-N tolerance; Managed drought stress; Striga hermonthica; Zea mays L.	cultivar; cultivation; drought stress; genotype-environment interaction; growing season; maize; maturation; parasitic plant; soil nitrogen; tillering; tropical region; Nigeria; Striga; Striga hermonthica; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68949112207	Evaluation of the proposed inhibitory effect of the aqueous stem-bark extract of Ficus exasperata on uterine preparations in vitro	Bafor E.E., Nwiko M., Omogbai E.K.I., Ozolua R.I., Nworgu Z.A.M.	2009	International Journal of Pharmacology	5	1	10.3923/ijp.2009.94.97	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria	Bafor, E.E., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria; Nwiko, M., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria; Omogbai, E.K.I., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria; Ozolua, R.I., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria; Nworgu, Z.A.M., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria	The effect of the aqueous stem-bark extract of Ficus exasperata (ASE) was studied on oxytocin- and acetylcholine-induced uterine contractions in uterine preparations isolated from non-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats in oestrus. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was also performed. There were no statistically significant increases in the concentrations of oxytocin and acetylcholine required to elicit 30 and 50% of maximum response (EC30 and EC50, respectively) in the presence of the extract. Salbutamol and atropine, however, significantly inhibited the effects of oxytocin and acetylcholine, respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins and saponin glycosides. These results indicate that ASE possesses no inhibitory effect on the non-pregnant rat uterus as claimed by traditional healers. © 2009 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Ficus exasperata; Oxytocin-induced contraction; Pre-term contraction; Uterine inhibition; Uterine segments	acetylcholine; alkaloid; anthracene; atropine; carbohydrate; cardiac glycoside; Ficus exasperata extract; oxytocin; plant extract; salbutamol; saponin; tannin derivative; triterpene; unclassified drug; uterus spasmolytic agent; water; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; bark; chemical analysis; concentration response; controlled study; drug antagonism; drug inhibition; drug mechanism; estrus; female; Ficus; Ficus exasperata; in vitro study; nonhuman; phytochemistry; rat; uterus contraction; uterus relaxation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350273382	Evaluation of the uterotonic activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Ficus exasperata vahl (Moraceae)	Bafor E.E., Omogbai E.K., Ozolua R.I.	2009	Research Journal of Medicinal Plant	3	2	10.3923/rjmp.2009.34.40	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria	Bafor, E.E., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria; Omogbai, E.K., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria; Ozolua, R.I., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria	The leaves of Ficus exasperata Vahl Enum. Pl. vahl (Moraceae) are used by traditional healers in Southern Nigeria to arrest preterm contractions in pregnant women and are also used as abortifacients in some parts of Africa. In this study the purported uterotonic activity of the aqueous leaf extract of F. exasperata (AET) was investigated in vitro. AET was obtained from the fresh leaves of the plant. The effect of the extract on rhythmic spontaneous uterine contractions was investigated and the extract was also directly tested on uterine tissues. The effect of the extract was compared with those of acetylcholine. The extract, at concentrations ranging from 2.5×10-2 to 100×10-2 mg mL1, significantly increased the frequency (p&lt;0.05) but not the amplitude of spontaneous contractions and directly stimulated uterine contractions. Acetylcholine likewise, concentration-dependency stimulated uterine contractions and significantly increased the frequency (p&lt;0.05) of spontaneous contractions. The aqueous leaf extract of F. exasperata at the concentrations used in this study stimulates uterine contractility which may account for its use in easing childbirth in some parts of Africa. © 2009 Academic Journals Inc.	Acetylcholine; Aqueous extract; Ficus exasperata; Utems; Uterine contraction	acetylcholine; alkaloid derivative; anthracene derivative; cardiac glycoside; Ficus exasperata extract; flavanoid; plant extract; salbutamol; saponin; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; uterotonic agent; water; animal tissue; article; concentration response; controlled study; drug determination; drug inhibition; drug mechanism; drug potentiation; drug screening; female; Ficus; Ficus exasperata; in vitro study; isolated organ; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; rat; uterus contractility; uterus contraction; Ficus exasperata; Moraceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747091179	Impact of bitumen and aggregate composition on stripping in bituminous mixtures	Bagampadde U., Isacsson U., Kiggundu B.M.	2006	Materials and Structures/Materiaux et Constructions	39	287	10.1617/s11527-005-9040-5	Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden	Bagampadde, U., Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Isacsson, U., Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Kiggundu, B.M., Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	The impact of bitumen and aggregate composition on stripping was investigated using four bitumens and four aggregates. Moisture sensitivity was assessed based on retained resilient modulus and tensile strength ratio (MRR and TSR, respectively). The results indicate that mixtures from the bitumen with a high acid number exhibited high resilient modulus and tensile strength in the dry condition for all the aggregates. In wet condition, this conclusion did also hold except for one aggregate. Regarding penetration grade, mixtures made with lower penetration grade bitumen exhibited higher resilient modulus and tensile strength, in dry and wet conditions, than those of higher penetration grade. Bitumen characteristics like acid number, penetration grade and molecular size distribution did not influence moisture sensitivity. Mixtures with aggregates containing alkali metals (sodium and potassium) exhibited relatively high moisture sensitivity, regardless of the bitumen used. In contrast, indications of moisture sensitivity were not apparent in mixtures made with aggregates containing calcium, magnesium and iron. Data analysis revealed that variability in moisture sensitivity is attributed to aggregate rather than bitumen. No significant interaction effect between bitumen and aggregate was found on moisture sensitivity. The results indicated good correlation between MRR and TSR in ranking mixtures for stripping. © RILEM 2006.	None	Calcium; Concrete aggregates; Iron; Magnesium printing plates; Moisture; Potassium; Sensitivity analysis; Sodium; Tensile strength; Acid number; Penetration grade; Ranking mixture; Resilient modulus; Bituminous materials	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878070243	Evaluation of rheology and moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures modified with low density polyethylene	Bagampadde U., Kaddu D., Kiggundu B.M.	2013	International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology	6	3	10.6135/ijprt.org.tw/2013.6(3).217	School of Engineering, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	Bagampadde, U., School of Engineering, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Kaddu, D., School of Engineering, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Kiggundu, B.M., School of Engineering, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda	This study evaluated rheological properties of low density polyethylene (LDPE) modified asphalts using conventional methods (penetration, softening point and rotational viscosity) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). In addition, Marshall Properties and moisture damage of mixtures from these asphalts and four aggregates were studied using ASTM D1559 and ASTMD4867. LDPE modification improved asphalt temperature susceptibility. Practical LDPE dosages obtained were 2.5% and 3.0% (w/w) for 60/70 and 80/100 asphalts, respectively. LDPE addition slowed down approach of asphalt to a pure viscous liquid while increasing complex modulus at high temperature. The modified asphalts exhibited pseudo-plasticity and LDPE reduced shear susceptibilities of 60/70 and 80/100 asphalts by 16% and 34%, respectively. Modified mixtures exhibited stability increase to a maximum followed by a decrease possibly because of stretching of asphalt by LDPE. The total voids in mix remained within 3-5% for LDPE dosages between 0 and 3%. Limestone mixtures resisted moisture damage, while pumice behavior was asphalt specific. Neat granite and quartzite mixtures did not resist moisture damage though LDPE made them resistant. © Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering.	Aggregate; Asphalt; Moisture; Polyethylene; Rheology	Conventional methods; Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA); Low density polyethylene(LDPE); Modified asphalts; Moisture susceptibility; Rheological property; Rotational viscosity; Temperature susceptibility; Aggregates; Asphalt; Elasticity; Mixtures; Moisture; Polyethylenes; Rheology; Asphalt mixtures	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67049144187	Estimating the public health impact of the effect of herpes simplex virus suppressive therapy on plasma HIV-1 viral load	Baggaley R.F., Griffin J.T., Chapman R., Hollingsworth T.D., Nagot N., Delany S., Mayaud P., De Wolf F., Fraser C., Ghani A.C., Weiss H.A.	2009	AIDS	23	8	10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832aadf2	MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; lnfectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Universite Montpellier 1, EA 4205 Transmission, Pathogenese et Prevention de I'infection par le VIH, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; HIV Monitoring Foundation, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom	Baggaley, R.F., MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom; Griffin, J.T., MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Chapman, R., lnfectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Hollingsworth, T.D., MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Nagot, N., Universite Montpellier 1, EA 4205 Transmission, Pathogenese et Prevention de I'infection par le VIH, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Delany, S., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mayaud, P., Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; De Wolf, F., HIV Monitoring Foundation, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Fraser, C., MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Ghani, A.C., MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Weiss, H.A., lnfectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Objective: Trials of herpes simplex virus (HSV) suppressive therapy among HSV-2/ HIV-1-infected individuals have reported an impact on plasma HIV-1 viral loads (PVLs). Our aim was to estimate the population-level impact of suppressive therapy on female-to-male HIV-1 sexual transmission. Design and methods: By comparing prerandomization and postrandomization individual-level PVL data from the first two HSV suppressive therapy randomized controlled trials in sub-Saharan Africa, we estimated the effect of treatment on duration of asymptomatic infection and number of HIV-1 transmission events for each trial. Results: Assuming that a reduction in PVL is accompanied by an increased duration of HIV-1 asymptomatic infection, 4-6 years of HSV suppressive therapy produce a 1 -year increase in the duration of this stage. To avert one HIV-1 transmission requires 8.8 [95% confidence interval (Cl), 5.9-14.9] and 11.4 (95% Cl, 7.8-27.5) women to be treated from halfway through their HIV-1 asymptomatic period, using results from Burkina Faso and South African trials, respectively. Regardless of the timing of treatment initiation, 51.6 (95% Cl, 30.4-137.0) and 66.5 (95% Cl, 36.7-222.6) treatment-years are required to avert one HIV-1 infection. Distributions of set-point PVL values from sub-Saharan African populations suggest that unintended adverse consequences of therapy at the population level (i.e. increased HIV-1 transmission due to increased duration of infection) are unlikely to occur in these settings. Conclusion: HSV suppressive therapy may avert relatively few HIV-1 transmission events per person-year of treatment. Its use as a prevention intervention may be limited; however, further research into its effect on rate of CD4 cell count decline and the impact of higher dosing schedules is warranted. © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Acyclovir; Herpes simplex virus type 2; HIV; Suppressive therapy; Transmission; Valacyclovir; Viral load	immunosuppressive agent; article; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; disease duration; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; priority journal; public health; randomized controlled trial; sexual transmission; treatment duration; virus load; Africa South of the Sahara; Antiviral Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Female; Herpes Genitalis; Herpesvirus 2, Human; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Public Health; RNA, Viral	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908205440	Performance of community health workers managing malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea under the community case management programme in central Uganda: A cross sectional study	Bagonza J., Kibira S.P.S., Rutebemberwa E.	2014	Malaria Journal	13	1	10.1186/1475-2875-13-367	Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda	Bagonza, J., Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Kibira, S.P.S., Department of Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Rutebemberwa, E., Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda	Background: Lay community health workers (CHWs) have been widely used to provide curative interventions in communities that have traditionally lacked access to health care. Optimal performance of CHWs managing children with malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea in communities is desired if a reduction in childhood morbidity and mortality is to be achieved. This study assessed factors influencing performance of CHWs managing malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea under the Integrated Community Case Management (iCCM) programme in Wakiso district, central Uganda. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 336 CHWs. Data was collected using interviews and record reviews. Performance was measured using composite scores based on the core activities of CHWs under the iCCM programme. These core activities included: treating children under five years, referring severely sick children including newborns, home visits, counseling caregivers on home care, record keeping and community sensitization. Descriptive and inferential statistics using odds ratios were done to determine factors influencing performance of CHWs. Results: Of the 336 respondents, 242 (72%) were females and the overall level of good performance was 21.7% (95% CI, 17.3-26.1%). Factors significantly associated with performance were: sex (females) (AOR 2.65; 95% CI, 1.29-5.43), community support (AOR 2.29; 95% CI, 1.27-4.14), receiving feedback from health facilities (AOR 4.90; 95% CI, 2.52-9.51) and having drugs in the previous three months (AOR 2.99; 95% CI, 1.64-5.42). Conclusion: Only one in every five CHWs performed optimally under the iCCM programme. Strategies to improve drug supply, community support and feedback provision from the formal health system are necessary to improve the performance of CHWs. © 2014 Bagonza et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	CHWs; Evaluation; iCCM programme; Performance; Uganda	adult; Article; caregiver; child; community care; counseling; cross-sectional study; diarrhea; female; health auxiliary; health care personnel; health care system; health program; home care; human; interview; major clinical study; malaria; male; medical record review; performance measurement system; pneumonia; scoring system; Uganda; case management; community care; diarrhea; health auxiliary; malaria; organization and management; pneumonia; procedures; program evaluation; Adult; Case Management; Community Health Services; Community Health Workers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diarrhea; Female; Humans; Malaria; Male; Pneumonia; Program Evaluation; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70849092749	On the relevance of using openwireless sensor networks in environment monitoring	Bagula A.B., Inggs G., Scott S., Zennaro M.	2009	Sensors (Switzerland)	9	6	10.3390/s90604845	Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town, 7707 Cape Town, South Africa; Telecommunication Systems Laboratory, The Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theretical Physics, Trieste, Italy	Bagula, A.B., Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town, 7707 Cape Town, South Africa; Inggs, G., Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town, 7707 Cape Town, South Africa; Scott, S., Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town, 7707 Cape Town, South Africa; Zennaro, M., Telecommunication Systems Laboratory, The Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theretical Physics, Trieste, Italy	This paper revisits the problem of the readiness for field deployments of wireless sensor networks by assessing the relevance of using Open Hardware and Software motes for environment monitoring. We propose a new prototype wireless sensor network that finetunes SquidBee motes to improve the life-time and sensing performance of an environment monitoring system that measures temperature, humidity and luminosity. Building upon two outdoor sensing scenarios, we evaluate the performance of the newly proposed energy-aware prototype solution in terms of link quality when expressed by the Received Signal Strength, Packet Loss and the battery lifetime. The experimental results reveal the relevance of using the Open Hardware and Software motes when setting up outdoor wireless sensor networks. © 2009 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland.	Energy efficiency; Open motes squidbee; Wireless sensor networks	Battery lifetime; Environment monitoring; Environment monitoring system; Field deployment; Open hardware; Open motes squidbee; Received signal strength; Sensing performance; Energy efficiency; Hardware; Molluscs; Wireless sensor networks	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907712157	Evaluation of batch anaerobic co-digestion of palm pressed fiber and cattle manure under mesophilic conditions	Bah H., Zhang W., Wu S., Qi D., Kizito S., Dong R.	2014	Waste Management	34	11	10.1016/j.wasman.2014.07.015	College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Institute Superior of Agronomy and Veterinary of Faranah (ISAV/F), Faranah, Guinea; College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Bah, H., College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China, Institute Superior of Agronomy and Veterinary of Faranah (ISAV/F), Faranah, Guinea; Zhang, W., College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Wu, S., College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China; Qi, D., College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Kizito, S., College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Dong, R., College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China	Palm pressed fiber (PPF) and cattle manure (CM) are the waste which can be managed properly by anaerobic co-digestion. The biogas production in co-digested PPF and CM at three volatile solids (VS) ratios of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 was investigated in a series of batch experiments at an organic loading rate of 30.0g VS/L under mesophilic (37±1°C) conditions. The highest daily biogas yield of PPF and CM only, was 90.0mL/g VS<inf>added</inf> at day 12 and 23.4mL/g VS<inf>added</inf> at day 7. For co-digestion of PPF/CM at mixing ratios of 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3, there were 93.6mL/g VS<inf>added</inf> at day 11, 86.8 and 26.4mL/g VS<inf>added</inf> at day 8. VS removal rate for PPF, CM, and co-digestion at mixing ratio of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 were 91.1%, 86.0% and 71.0%, respectively. The anaerobic digestion of PPF and CM and their co-digestion systems were stable in operation with low range of volatile fatty acids (VFA)/TIC (total inorganic carbon) of (0.035-0.091). The main volatile fatty acids were propionic, and iso-butyric acids for PPF, iso-butyric and n-butyric acids for CM. The VFAs and ammonium inhibition were not occurred. The modified Gompertz model can be used to perform a better prediction with a lower difference between the measured and predicted biogas yields. A VS ratio of 3:1 is recommended for practice. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Anaerobic co-digestion; Biogas production; Cattle manure; Kinetic model; Palm pressed fiber	Biogas; Butyric acid; Loading; Manures; Mixing; Propionic acid; Volatile fatty acids; Anaerobic co-digestion; Biogas production; Cattle manures; Kinetic modeling; Palm pressed fibers; Anaerobic digestion; ammonia; biogas; carbon; isobutyric acid; methane; propionic acid; volatile fatty acid; biofuel; industrial waste; manure; anoxic conditions; biogas; cattle; fatty acid; manure; mixing ratio; reaction kinetics; waste management; anaerobic co digestion; anaerobic digestion; Article; batch process; biomass production; cattle; cattle manure; chemical reaction kinetics; concentration response; controlled study; evaluation research; manure; mesophile; nonhuman; palm pressed fiber; productivity; reaction optimization; simulation; temperature sensitivity; waste; waste component removal; anaerobic growth; analysis; animal; Arecaceae; bioreactor; biosynthesis; bovine; chemistry; industrial waste; manure; procedures; theoretical model; waste disposal; Bos; Anaerobiosis; Animals; Arecaceae; Biofuels; Bioreactors; Cattle; Industrial Waste; Manure; Methane; Models, Theoretical; Refuse Disposal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928138418	Land suitability evaluation to optimize land management of small-scale farms in the Gerado catchment, North-Eastern Ethiopia	Bahir A.L., Ahmed M.A., Antille D.L.	2015	Tropical Agriculture	92	1	None	Addis Ababa University, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; University of Southern Queensland, National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia	Bahir, A.L., Addis Ababa University, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ahmed, M.A., Addis Ababa University, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Antille, D.L., University of Southern Queensland, National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia	Biophysical and socio-economic constraints and sub-optimal utilization of soil and water resources have resulted in progressive reduction of land productivity in Ethiopia. This study investigated the suitability of land mapping units of the Gerado catchment for subsistence rainfed cultivation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.) and teff (Eragrostis tef Zucc.). A land resource survey was conducted and it identified nine different land mapping units (LMU). The FAO maximum limitation method was used to assess LMU and determine land suitability subclasses. The study indicated that soil erosion, soil wetness, soil fertility status, and soil workability were the main limiting factors affecting land quality within the catchment. We suggest that drainage using traditional ditches may be a cost-effective method to reduce the incidence of waterlogging conditions. Long-term fertility management requires the implementation of suitable fertilization programs that consider the use of organic materials such as manure and compost. Such programs need to account for nutrient budgets over the entire crop rotation to maximize use efficiency and minimize environmental losses. Soil erosion may be mitigated through stone terracing, soil bunding and by adopting a more conservative approach to agriculture, that is, by matching land use with land capability based on the correct assessment of land suitability. Implementation of the proposed approach to optimizing land management in the Gerado catchment will deliver a range of socio-economic and agri-environmental benefits to the local communities. © 2015 Trop. Agric.	Environmental quality; Land capability; Land-use optimization; Small-scale farming; Sustainable soil management; Tropical rainfed subsistence-agriculture	Eragrostis tef; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944201025	The impact of project risk factors on national competitive tendering procurement method in Ghana	Baiden B., Abdul-Razak S., Danku J.	2015	International Journal of Procurement Management	8	6	10.1504/IJPM.2015.072389	Department of Building Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana; A and QS Consortium Ltd., P.O. Box 531, Wa, Upper West Region, Ghana	Baiden, B., Department of Building Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana; Abdul-Razak, S., A and QS Consortium Ltd., P.O. Box 531, Wa, Upper West Region, Ghana; Danku, J., Department of Building Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana	The study determined the extent of occurrence and assessed the impact of project risk factors on the choice of national competitive tendering (NCT), the dominant of the six (6) procurement methods used by public entities, in the procurement of works in Ghana. Data for study were collected by means of a questionnaire survey and analysed statistically through the comparisons of means using one-way analysis of variance. Twenty six (26) project risk factors were evaluated and ranked. Financial and design risk factors were found to have the highest impact on works procured through NCT. A public works risk impact matrix revealed that, financial and design risks factors have the high extent - high impact on projects procured through NCT. Economic related risk factors have low extent - high impact of occurrence. Environmental and construction related risks have low extent - low impact on the risk matrix. Copyright © 2015 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Contracts; Ghana; National competitive tendering; NCT; Procurement; Public; Risks; Works	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70450170551	Performance of Djallonke lambs raised under various management systems in Ghana	Baiden R.Y., Duncan J.L.	2009	Livestock Research for Rural Development	21	11	None	Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Accra, Ghana	Baiden, R.Y., Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Accra, Ghana; Duncan, J.L., Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Accra, Ghana	One of the major production traits of interest to sheep farmers in Ghana is lamb growth rate, as it determines how quickly they can make return on their investment. However, the rate of growth and milk production of ruminants grazing natural pastures in Ghana are generally low. This could be enhanced through proper feeding management systems. The current study therefore looked at the growth performance of Djallonke lambs under four feeding management systems, NS (No supplement), S-L (Supplement to lambs) S-D (Supplement to dam) and S-LD (Supplement to both dam and lamb). It also compared the cost of production under the various systems. Daily live weight gain of lambs increased by 62.73% when both dam and lamb were supplemented (S-LD) compared to the control group (NS). The cost of concentrate per unit marginal live weight gain was similar for S-LD and S-D. The findings of this study suggested that to enhance live weight gain of Djallonke lambs during the pre-weaning period farmers must attend to the feeding needs of both the dam and lamb.	Feed; Live weight; Marginal cost; Sheep; Supplement	Bovidae; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847689867	Performance of West African Dwarf sheep and goats fed varying levels of cassava pulp as a replacement for cassava peels	Baiden R.Y., Rhule S.W.A., Otsyina H.R., Sottie E.T., Ameleke G.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	3	None	Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana	Baiden, R.Y., Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana; Rhule, S.W.A., Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana; Otsyina, H.R., Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana; Sottie, E.T., Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana; Ameleke, G., Animal Research Institute, Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana	Cassava pulp, a by product from the starch industry, was evaluated as a substitute for cassava peels in diets for sheep and goats. Inclusion levels of 15% and 30% pulp in the diet had no significant effect (P>0.05) on feed intake, digestibility, growth rate, feed conversion ratio and carcass weight. Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) values were significantly higher (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively) for sheep on the 15% (PCV 34.3%; Hb 11.8g/100ml) and 30% (PCV 34.5%; Hb 11.4g/100ml) pulp diets compared to those on the 0% (PCV 28.5%; Hb 9.00g/100ml) pulp diet.	Carcass characteristics; Cassava pulp; Digestibility; Feed intake; Growth rate; Haematological values; West Africa Dwarf goats; West African Dwarf sheep	Capra hircus; Manihot esculenta; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45849108294	Performance of indigenous beef cattle under two management systems at Pokuase, Ghana	Baiden R.Y., Duncan L.	2008	Livestock Research for Rural Development	20	6	None	Animal Research Institute, PO Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana	Baiden, R.Y., Animal Research Institute, PO Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana; Duncan, L., Animal Research Institute, PO Box AH20, Achimota, Ghana	A study was conducted to investigate the performance of a mixture of N'dama x West African Shorthorn (WASH) cattle (6 to 15 weeks old) raised under a traditional management system and an improved system (cut and carry plus supplementation with agro-industrial byproducts) at the Pokuase Research Station of the Animal Research Institute, Ghana, from March 2006 to February 2007. The performance parameters studied were live weight change, feed intake and the economics of production. Calves on the improved system outperformed (P = 0.001) those on the traditional system in terms of live weight gain. Calves in both treatment groups performed at par in terms of live weight change till the first week in September after which those in the traditional system slowed down comparatively. Those on the improved system exhibited a relatively steady gain in live weight. Revenue measured in terms of the product of live weight gain and the prevailing market price per kilogram live weight was higher for the improved system resulting in an overall higher gross margin for the improved system. Nevertheless, considering the return on investment farmers may be tempted to continue using the traditional system. N'dama x WASH calves could be raised indoors under improved nutrition and management practices to enhance live weight gain. This work thus provides a window for landless livestock farmers in creating wealth; as animals could be raised in confinement with some return on investment.	Benefit cost ratio; Live weight change	Animalia; Bos; Dama	None
WoS	WOS:000315119400002	The impact of hotspot-targeted interventions on malaria transmission: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial	Baidjoe, Amrish,Bayoh, Nabie,Bousema, Teun,Cox, Jonathan,Desai, Meghna,Drakeley, Chris,Griffin, Jamie T.,Kleinschmidt, Immo,Laserson, Kayla,Remarque, Edmond J.,Sauerwein, Robert,Stevenson, Jennifer,Stresman, Gillian,Vulule, John	2013	TRIALS	14	None	10.1186/1745-6215-14-36	Imperial College London, Radboud University Nijmegen, University of London, Biomed Primate Res Ctr, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine	"Baidjoe, Amrish: Radboud University Nijmegen","Cox, Jonathan: University of London","Drakeley, Chris: University of London","Griffin, Jamie T.: Imperial College London","Kleinschmidt, Immo: University of London","Sauerwein, Robert: Radboud University Nijmegen","Stevenson, Jennifer: University of London","Stresman, Gillian: University of London",	Background: Malaria transmission is highly heterogeneous in most settings, resulting in the formation of recognizable malaria hotspots. Targeting these hotspots might represent a highly efficacious way of controlling or eliminating malaria if the hotspots fuel malaria transmission to the wider community. Methods/design: Hotspots of malaria will be determined based on spatial patterns in age-adjusted prevalence and density of antibodies against malaria antigens apical membrane antigen-1 and merozoite surface protein-1. The community effect of interventions targeted at these hotspots will be determined. The intervention will comprise larviciding, focal screening and treatment of the human population, distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying. The impact of the intervention will be determined inside and up to 500 m outside the targeted hotspots by PCR-based parasite prevalence in cross-sectional surveys, malaria morbidity by passive case detection in selected facilities and entomological monitoring of larval and adult Anopheles populations. Discussion: This study aims to provide direct evidence for a community effect of hotspot-targeted interventions. The trial is powered to detect large effects on malaria transmission in the context of ongoing malaria interventions. Follow-up studies will be needed to determine the effect of individual components of the interventions and the cost-effectiveness of a hotspot-targeted approach, where savings made by reducing the number of compounds that need to receive interventions should outweigh the costs of hotspot-detection.	ANOPHELES,ELIMINATION,EPIDEMIOLOGY,ERADICATION,falciparum,HETEROGENEITY,IMMUNOLOGY,MALARIA,MOLECULAR,TRANSMISSION,ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE,"BED NETS",CHILD-MORTALITY,DAR-ES-SALAAM,"DRIED BLOOD SPOTS",LIGHT-TRAP,PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA,PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM,TANZANIA,"WE	None	None
WoS	WOS:000290651400010	An evaluation of the literature on integrated sugarcane production systems A scientometrical approach	Baier, T. J. A.,Bezuidenhout, C. N.	2011	OUTLOOK ON AGRICULTURE	40	1	10.5367/oa.2011.0025	University of Kwazulu Natal	"Baier, T. J. A.: University of Kwazulu Natal","Bezuidenhout, C. N.: University of Kwazulu Natal"	Logistically, the sugarcane supply and processing chain up to the raw sugar stage is driven by biophysical push factors rather than market-related pull factors. Sugarcane systems do not align fully with lean and agile supply chain thinking. This paper synthesizes a range of issues governing the sugarcane supply and processing chain. This synthesis was achieved through scientometrical analyses of a worldwide collection of publications. The aim was to develop a conceptual sugarcane supply chain framework and to evaluate research trends, knowledge gaps and limitations. Key system properties were identified from the literature and co-word analyses were carried out. Several exploratory exercises were executed on the co-occurrence matrix using the PAJEK software. The literature generally focuses on material handling issues in isolation from other factors, such as collaboration, information sharing and innovation. Impacts of harvesting on downstream processes remain a pertinent research topic. Also, emerging alternative products impose new complexities on the supply chain. Conflicting grower miller relationships still suppress collaboration in most parts of the world. Mathematical modelling is a popular technique to produce innovative system improvements. Models, however, tend towards finding long-term solutions and lack the development of operational short-term applications. Production risk is an area that needs more focus. Researchers need to consider the supply chain more holistically, not only with respect to different dimensions in the chain (such as profitability, innovation, information and collaboration), but also within the local commercial socioeconomic regime.	COLLABORATION,INFORMATION,SUGARCANE,"supply chain","value chain","CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT","CO-WORD ANALYSIS","GUITANG GROUP","INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS",INNOVATION,MANAGEMENT,MILL,SIMULATION-MODEL,SUPPLY-CHAIN,TRANSPORT	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949523692	Evaluation of an inexpensive growth medium for direct detection of Escherichia coli in temperate and sub-tropical waters	Bain R.E.S., Woodall C., Elliott J., Arnold B.F., Tung R., Morley R., Du Preez M., Bartram J.K., Davis A.P., Gundry S.W., Pedley S.	2015	PLoS ONE	10	10	10.1371/journal.pone.0140997	UNICEF, New York, NY, United States; School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States; CPI International, Santa Rosa, CA, United States; Public Health England, Bristol, United Kingdom; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Water Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Brightwater Diagnostics Limited, Bath, United Kingdom	Bain, R.E.S., UNICEF, New York, NY, United States; Woodall, C., School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Elliott, J., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Arnold, B.F., Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States; Tung, R., CPI International, Santa Rosa, CA, United States; Morley, R., Public Health England, Bristol, United Kingdom; Du Preez, M., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Bartram, J.K., Water Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Davis, A.P., School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Gundry, S.W., Brightwater Diagnostics Limited, Bath, United Kingdom; Pedley, S., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom	The cost and complexity of traditional methods for the detection of faecal indicator bacteria, including E. coli, hinder widespread monitoring of drinking water quality, especially in lowincome countries and outside controlled laboratory settings. In these settings the problem is exacerbated by the lack of inexpensive media for the detection of E. coli in drinking water. We developed a new low-cost growth medium, aquatest (AT), and validated its use for the direct detection of E. coli in temperate and sub-tropical drinking waters using IDEXX Quanti-Tray®. AT was compared with IDEXX Colilert-18® and either EC-MUG or MLSB for detecting low levels of E. coli from water samples from temperate (n = 140; Bristol, UK) and subtropical regions (n = 50, Pretoria/Tshwane, South Africa). Confirmatory testing (n = 418 and 588, respectively) and the comparison of quantitative results were used to assess performance. Sensitivity of AT was higher than Colilert-18® for water samples in the UK [98.0% vs. 86.9%; p&lt;0.0001] and South Africa [99.5% vs. 93.2%; p = 0.0030]. There was no significant difference in specificity, which was high for both media (&gt;95% in both settings). Quantitative results were comparable and within expected limits. AT is reliable and accurate for the detection of E. coli in temperate and subtropical drinking water. The composition of the new medium is reported herein and can be used freely. © Copyright 2015 Bain et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.	None	drinking water; Africa; Article; bacterial growth; bacterial strain; bacterium detection; bacterium isolate; comparative study; controlled study; culture medium; Escherichia coli; limit of detection; measurement accuracy; nonhuman; quantitative analysis; reliability; sensitivity and specificity; tropics; water analysis; water sampling	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892926566	Impact of oral lesions among South African adults with HIV/AIDS on oral health-related quality of life	Bajomo A.S., Ayo-Yusuf O.A., Rudolph M.J., Tsotsi N.M.	2013	Journal of Dental Sciences	8	4	10.1016/j.jds.2013.04.011	Division of Public Oral Health, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Community Dentistry, Oral and Dental Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Bajomo, A.S., Division of Public Oral Health, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Ayo-Yusuf, O.A., Department of Community Dentistry, Oral and Dental Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Rudolph, M.J., Division of Public Oral Health, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tsotsi, N.M., Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background/purpose This study examined the association between oral conditions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among South African adults. Materials and methods Participants consisted of 175 HIV-positive adults who visited Johannesburg Hospital's outpatient HIV clinic. A systematic oral examination recorded the presence or absence of HIV-related lesions. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to determine participants' sociodemographic characteristics and access to dental care. It included items adapted from the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), which measures the OHRQoL. Participants' OHIP scores were not normally distributed, thus were dichotomized as either less than or equal to the median score or greater than the median score: participants with above-median scores had a poorer OHRQoL. The data analysis included a multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis. Results In total, 109 (62.3%) subjects had multiple oral lesions. Those with more than two lesions were significantly more likely to report a poorer OHRQoL. Presenting with pseudomembranous candidiasis or erythematous candidal lesions, being female, and having visited a dentist in the last year were significantly associated with a poorer OHRQoL. Conclusion Oral candidal lesions were the most strongly associated with a poorer OHRQoL among the studied adult South African population living with HIV/AIDS. © 2013, Association for Dental Sciences of the Republic of China. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved.	access to care; HIV/AIDS; oral health; oral lesions; quality of life	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940553981	In vivo evaluation of genetic and systemic toxicity of aqueous extracts of phyllanthus amarus in mice and rats	Bakare A.A., Oguntolu G.O., Adedokun L.A., Amao A.A., Oyeyemi I.T., Alimba C.G., Alabi O.A.	2015	International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research	7	4	None	Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Bakare, A.A., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oguntolu, G.O., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adedokun, L.A., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Amao, A.A., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Oyeyemi, I.T., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Alimba, C.G., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Alabi, O.A., Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Phyllanthus amarus is a broad spectrum medicinal plant which has received world-wide recognition. However, there are concerns on the efficacy and safety of this plants' extract when used as medicinal herb. This study was therefore designed to investigate the genotoxicity of aqueous extract of P. amarus using the mouse micronucleus and sperm morphology assays. The potential effects of the extract on histology of the liver, kidney and testis, and blood parameters of rats were also investigated. Five concentrations: 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg body weight of the extract were utilized and the test animals were orally exposed for ten consecutive days. Distilled water and cyclophosphamide were utilized as negative and positive controls respectively. Compared with the negative control, the extract induced increasing frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes and sperm abnormalities at tested concentrations; and this was significant (p<0.05) at some of the tested doses. There was significant (p<0.05) increase in total white blood cell and lymphocyte counts; and significant pathological changes in the liver, kidney and testis of exposed rats. Tannins, resins, cardiac glycolyside and phenols were analysed in the extract. These findings suggest that aqueous extract of P. amarus contained constituents capable of causing systemic and DNA damage in the mouse and rat. © 2015,International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research. All rights reserved.	DNA damage; Haematology; Histopathology; Micronucleus; Phyllanthus amarus; Sperm morphology	cyclophosphamide; distilled water; phenol derivative; Phyllanthus amarus extract; resin; tannin derivative; animal cell; animal experiment; animal tissue; Article; controlled study; DNA damage; drug effect; erythrocyte; genotoxicity; hematological parameters; in vivo study; kidney parenchyma; leukocyte count; liver histology; lymphocyte count; male; micronucleus test; morphology; mouse; nonhuman; rat; semen abnormality; sperm; testis; toxicity testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650533232	Nutritional and chemical evaluation of Momordica charantia	Bakare R.I., Magbagbeola O.A., Akinwande A.I., Okunowo O.W.	2010	Journal of Medicinal Plants Research	4	21	None	Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria	Bakare, R.I., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Magbagbeola, O.A., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Akinwande, A.I., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Okunowo, O.W., Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria	Momordica charantia is used for some medicinal purposes in traditional medicine. The nutritional and chemical compositions of M. charantia were investigated using standard analytical methods. The proximate composition showed the percentage moisture, ash, crude lipid, crude fibre, crude protein and carbohydrate content of the plant materials. The calorific values for leaf, fruit and seed were 213.26, 241.66 and 176.61 Kcal/100 g respectively. The elemental analysis of M. charantia leaf revealed the presence of potassium (413 ppm), sodium (2200 ppm), calcium (20510 ppm) as well as zinc (120 ppm). Other elements found present in the leaf include magnesium, iron, manganese and copper. Vitamin A (β-carotene) (0.03 ppm), vitamin E (α-tocopherol) (800 ppm), folic acid (20600 ppm), cyanocobalamin (5355 ppm) and ascorbic acid (66000 ppm) were present. Trace amount of some other vitamins such as niacin (B 3), pyridoxine (B 6) cholecalciferol (Vitamin D) and phylloquinone (Vitamin K) were also found present in the methanolic and pet-ether leaf extract of M. charantia. Phytochemicals like alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and glycosides were also found present. The study indicates the presence of nutritional and chemical components that are beneficial in addition to the purported numerous medicinal values of the plant. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Atomic absorption spectrophotometry; Momordica charantia; Nutrition; Phytochemicals; Vitamins	alkaloid; alpha tocopherol; ascorbic acid; beta carotene; calcium; carbohydrate; colecalciferol; copper; cyanocobalamin; flavonoid; folic acid; iron; lipid; magnesium; manganese; methanol; nicotinic acid; petroleum ether; phytomenadione; plant glycoside; potassium; pyridoxine; saponin; sodium; tannin derivative; zinc; article; ash; chemical composition; dietary fiber; food analysis; fruit; moisture; Momordica charantia; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; plant seed; solvent extraction; Momordica charantia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77950652291	Daytime sleepiness, psychomotor performance, waking EEG spectra and evoked potentials in women with severe premenstrual syndrome	Baker F.C., Colrain I.M.	2010	Journal of Sleep Research	19	1 PART. 2	10.1111/j.1365-2869.2009.00782.x	Human Sleep Research Program, SRI International, CA, United States; Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia	Baker, F.C., Human Sleep Research Program, SRI International, CA, United States, Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Colrain, I.M., Human Sleep Research Program, SRI International, CA, United States, Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia	Summary We assessed daytime sleepiness using objective and subjective measures in women with severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS) compared with women without significant premenstrual symptoms. Nine women with severe PMS and eight controls (aged 18-40 years) completed a laboratory-based daytime protocol including the maintenance of wakefulness test (MWT), psychomotor vigilance task (PVT), quantitative waking electroencephalogram (EEG), auditory and visual event-related potentials (ERPs), and sleepiness and mood scales during the mid-follicular and late-luteal (premenstrual) phases of the menstrual cycle. In association with increased perceived sleepiness, fatigue and other premenstrual symptoms in the late-luteal phase, women with PMS performed more poorly on the PVT, with increased lapses and slower reaction times (P < 0.05), compared with the follicular phase and controls. However, there were no significant group or menstrual phase differences in latency to sleep on the MWT. Waking spectral EEG power and ERP measures also did not differentiate PMS women when symptomatic. Both groups of women displayed increased spectral power in the delta/theta frequencies (2-6 Hz) and fast alpha frequency (11-12 Hz) in the late-luteal phase relative to the follicular phase. Trait-like differences were apparent in that women with PMS had increased beta1 (12-16 Hz) power and smaller P300 amplitude than controls in both menstrual cycle phases. Our findings indicate that women with severe PMS are subjectively sleepy and fatigued, and show psychomotor slowing when symptomatic compared with when they are symptom-free and compared with controls. However, the ability to maintain wakefulness under soporific conditions, spectral properties of waking EEG and cognitive processing do not vary in synchrony with premenstrual symptoms. © 2009 European Sleep Research Society.	Fatigue; Maintenance of wakefulness test; P300; Premenstrual dysphoric disorder; Psychomotor vigilance task; Waking electroencephalogram	adult; alertness; alpha rhythm; article; clinical article; cognition; controlled study; daytime somnolence; delta rhythm; electroencephalogram; evoked auditory response; evoked visual response; fatigue; female; human; power spectrum; premenstrual syndrome; priority journal; psychomotor performance; reaction time; somnolence; theta rhythm; wakefulness; Adolescent; Adult; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials; Female; Humans; Premenstrual Syndrome; Psychomotor Performance; Severity of Illness Index; Time Factors; Wakefulness; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952209176	Global sequence variation in the histidine-rich proteins 2 and 3 of Plasmodium falciparum: Implications for the performance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests	Baker J., Ho M.-F., Pelecanos A., Gatton M., Chen N., Abdullah S., Albertini A., Ariey F., Barnwell J., Bell D., Cunningham J., Djalle D., Echeverry D.F., Gamboa D., Hii J., Kyaw M.P., Luchavez J., Membi C., Menard D., Murillo C., Nhem S., Ogutu B., Onyor	2010	Malaria Journal	9	1	10.1186/1475-2875-9-129	Department of Drug Resistance and Diagnostics, Australian Army Malaria Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia; Malaria Drug Resistance a	Baker, J., Department of Drug Resistance and Diagnostics, Australian Army Malaria Institute, Brisbane, Australia, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia; Ho, M.-F., Department of Drug Resistance and Diagnostics, Australian Army Malaria Institute, Brisbane, Australia, Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia; Pelecanos, A., Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia, Malaria Drug Resistance and Chemotherapy Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Australia; Gatton, M., Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia, Malaria Drug Resistance and Chemotherapy Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Australia; Chen, N., Department of Drug Resistance and Diagnostics, Australian Army Malaria Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Abdullah, S., Bagamoyo/Ifakara Health Research and Development Centre, Ifakara, Tanzania; Albertini, A., Foundation for Innovative and New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland; Ariey, F., Pasteur Institute of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Barnwell, J., Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States; Bell, D., Foundation for Innovative and New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland, Global Malaria Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Cunningham, J., UNICEF, UNDP, Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), Geneva, Switzerland; Djalle, D., Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic; Echeverry, D.F., Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Medicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia; Gamboa, D., Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Peru, Departamento de Bioquimica, Biologia Moleculary Farmacologia, Facultad de Cienciasy Filosofia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Peru; Hii, J., Western Pacific Regional Office, World Health Organization, Solomon Islands; Kyaw, M.P., Department of Medical Research, Lower Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar; Luchavez, J., Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Alabang, Philippines; Membi, C., Bagamoyo/Ifakara Health Research and Development Centre, Ifakara, Tanzania; Menard, D., Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Madagascar; Murillo, C., Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Medicas (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia; Nhem, S., Pasteur Institute of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Ogutu, B., Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Onyor, P., Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Oyibo, W., College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Odoaraba, Lagos, Nigeria; Wang, S.Q., Hainan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, Hainan, China; McCarthy, J., Clinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia; Cheng, Q., Department of Drug Resistance and Diagnostics, Australian Army Malaria Institute, Brisbane, Australia, Malaria Drug Resistance and Chemotherapy Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Australia	Background. Accurate diagnosis is essential for prompt and appropriate treatment of malaria. While rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) offer great potential to improve malaria diagnosis, the sensitivity of RDTs has been reported to be highly variable. One possible factor contributing to variable test performance is the diversity of parasite antigens. This is of particular concern for Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2)-detecting RDTs since PfHRP2 has been reported to be highly variable in isolates of the Asia-Pacific region. Methods. The pfhrp2 exon 2 fragment from 458 isolates of P. falciparum collected from 38 countries was amplified and sequenced. For a subset of 80 isolates, the exon 2 fragment of histidine-rich protein 3 (pfhrp3) was also amplified and sequenced. DNA sequence and statistical analysis of the variation observed in these genes was conducted. The potential impact of the pfhrp2 variation on RDT detection rates was examined by analysing the relationship between sequence characteristics of this gene and the results of the WHO product testing of malaria RDTs: Round 1 (2008), for 34 PfHRP2-detecting RDTs. Results. Sequence analysis revealed extensive variations in the number and arrangement of various repeats encoded by the genes in parasite populations world-wide. However, no statistically robust correlation between gene structure and RDT detection rate for P. falciparum parasites at 200 parasites per microlitre was identified. Conclusions. The results suggest that despite extreme sequence variation, diversity of PfHRP2 does not appear to be a major cause of RDT sensitivity variation. © 2010 Baker et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	histidine; histidine rich protein 2; histidine rich protein 3; unclassified drug; HRP 2 antigen, Plasmodium falciparum; HRP-2 antigen, Plasmodium falciparum; parasite antigen; protozoal DNA; protozoal protein; article; diagnostic test; DNA isolation; DNA sequence; exon; gene structure; genetic variability; human; malaria falciparum; nonhuman; Plasmodium falciparum; polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity analysis; sequence analysis; analytical equipment; animal; genetic variability; genetics; immunoassay; immunology; isolation and purification; malaria falciparum; methodology; parasitology; sensitivity and specificity; standard; Animals; Antigens, Protozoan; DNA, Protozoan; Genetic Variation; Humans; Immunoassay; Malaria, Falciparum; Plasmodium falciparum; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Protozoan Proteins; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sequence Analysis, DNA	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940656467	Pharmacokinetic evaluation of Ibuprofen controlled release matrix tablets using hydrophilic Eudragit® polymer and co-excipients	Bakhsh S., Khan G.M., Menaa F., Khan B.A.	2015	Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	28	5	None	Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, KPK, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicine and Nanotechnology, Fluorotronics USA, Inc., Global Innovation and Trade, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States; School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Uganda	Bakhsh, S., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, KPK, Pakistan; Khan, G.M., Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Menaa, F., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicine and Nanotechnology, Fluorotronics USA, Inc., Global Innovation and Trade, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States; Khan, B.A., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, KPK, Pakistan, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Uganda	The present study was conducted to formulate controlled release dosage forms containing Ibuprofen with Eudragit® S 100 polymer. The tablets were formulated at three different ratios with the polymer to investigate the effect of different concentrations of polymer on in vitro drug release patterns/kinetics and in vivo absorption/pharmacokinetics. Pre-formulation studies were conducted including bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, Hausner ratio and angle of repose. In vitro studies were conducted using phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as dissolution medium. In vivo performance was evaluated using albino rabbits. Physico-chemical characteristics (i.e. dimensional tests, weight variation, hardness, friability and drug content determination) fell in the USP acceptable limits. The compressibility index was found to range between 12.02±0.01% and 18.66±0.03%, the Hausner ratio varied between 1.02±0.01 and 1.19±0.10 and the angle of repose ranged from 15.19±0.01 to 24.52±0.10, all indicating better flow properties than the bulk-reference standard. Both bulk and tapped densities also fell in the USP acceptable range. Ibuprofen market tablets showed Tmax of 2.1±0.4h, which was significantly (P-value <0.05) lower compared to that of the reference standard (i.e. 4.09±1.3h). Ibuprofen test formulation has a half-life (t<inf>1/2</inf>) of 16.9±2.5h, which was significantly (P-value<0.001) higher compared to that of the reference standard (i.e. 9.23±2.9h). Eudragit® S 100 polymers can be used efficiently to develop directly compressed prolonged release tablets.	Co-excipients; Controlled release; Eudragit; Ibuprofen; In vitro; In vivo; Polymer-based formulations	eudragit; excipient; ibuprofen; phosphate; delayed release formulation; ibuprofen; methylmethacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer; nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent; polymethacrylic acid derivative; albino rabbit; angle of repose; animal experiment; Article; bulk density; controlled release formulation; dissolution; drug blood level; drug formulation; drug half life; drug marketing; drug screening; Hausner ratio; hydrophilicity; in vitro study; in vivo study; matrix tablet; maximum plasma concentration; nonhuman; pH; physical chemistry; plasma concentration-time curve; preformulation; reproducibility; tablet compression; tablet formulation; tablet friability; tablet hardness; time to maximum plasma concentration; weight variation; animal; chemical phenomena; delayed release formulation; rabbit; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Delayed-Action Preparations; Excipients; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Ibuprofen; Polymethacrylic Acids; Rabbits	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954381413	Performance of pairwise shape dissimilarity morphometrics on nonmammalian taxa (Insecta: Neuroptera: Mantispidae)	Bakkes D.K., Snyman L.P., Pirk C.W.W., Sole C.L.	2015	Journal of Morphology	276	12	10.1002/jmor.20436	Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa	Bakkes, D.K., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa; Snyman, L.P., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa; Pirk, C.W.W., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa; Sole, C.L., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa	Morphometric dissimilarity metrics aim to quantify the variation between compared specimens such that inferences about their relatedness and alpha taxonomy can be made. Recently, the technique has developed metrics that purport to quantify shape dissimilarity between specimens-employing the use of least squares regression analysis. These metrics have been well applied by studies in the hominin fossil record with an arguably unsubstantiated backing for the technique. Originally postulated was the log10 sem metric which subsequently led to the standard error test of the hypothesis metric. Following this, the standard deviation of logged ratios (SLR) metric arose as a pairwise dissimilarity metric that constrains the regression to a zero-intercept, that is, a significant development in the robustness of the technique. This metric was tested on extant primates in order to evaluate its effectiveness alongside the two other metrics. It was shown to be the most reliable for comparisons between specimens of primates, but was unable to discriminate between heterospecific and conspecific comparisons. Arguably, an alternative model organism with which to compare the technique is lacking. This study considers shape dissimilarity metrics with respect to a group of nonmammalian organisms (mantidflies) and tests the metrics against three lines of evidence (morphology, CO1-DNA, and geographic distribution) that can delimit the species-level taxonomy for the group. It is shown that the metrics are unable to discriminate between pairwise comparisons of closely related species, resulting in biologically erroneous groupings, and contradicting the groupings derived from morphological, CO1-DNA, and distributional comparisons. It is thus asserted that the technique is unsuitable for use in alpha taxonomy as an additional line of evidence in mantidflies. It is further supposed that morphometrics in general should be employed with caution in studies of evolutionary history as phylogeny is not the only information contained within morphometric data. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	DNA; Log sem; Mantispid; Standard deviation of logged ratios; Standard error test of the hypothesis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878453373	The effects of two strategic anthelmintic treatments on goat performance under extensive management in a semi-arid area of South Africa	Bakunzi F.R., Motsei L.E., Nyirenda M., Ndou R.V., Mwanza M.	2013	Life Science Journal	10	2	None	Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	Bakunzi, F.R., Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Motsei, L.E., Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Nyirenda, M., Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Ndou, R.V., Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Mwanza, M., Centre of Animal Health Studies, North West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa	A study was carried out in a semi-arid area of the North West province of South Africa from September 2004 to September 2005 to determine the effects anthelmintic treatment before or during the rains on the performance of 60 indigenous female goats. The performance parameters studied were body weight, packed cell volume and faecal nematode egg output. Anthelmintic treatment of goats before and during the rains significantly reduced faecal egg output, and improved body weight and packed cell volume. Overall, anthelmintic treatment before the rains was equal to or better for all the three performance parameters when compared to treatment during the rains. Both treatments yielded better performance in comparison to the control.	Anthelmintic treatment; Goat production; Semi-arid area; Strategic control	Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910135346	Energy absorption and ballistic limit of nanocomposite laminates subjected to impact loading	Balaganesan G., Velmurugan R., Srinivasan M., Gupta N.K., Kanny K.	2014	International Journal of Impact Engineering	74	None	10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2014.02.017	Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, India; SERC, IISc Bangalore, India; Department of Applied Mechanics, IIT Delhi, India; Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa	Balaganesan, G., Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, India; Velmurugan, R., Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, India; Srinivasan, M., Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, India; Gupta, N.K., SERC, IISc Bangalore, India, Department of Applied Mechanics, IIT Delhi, India; Kanny, K., Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa	Composite laminates made of glass/epoxy with and without nano fillers were subjected to projectile impact. The laminates of different thicknesses were prepared by hand lay-up and compression molding processes. Laminates were made from glass woven roving mats of 610 gsm, epoxy resin and nano clay of 1-5 wt.% of matrix. A piston type gas gun setup was used to impact a spherical nose projectile of diameter 9.5 mm and mass of 7.6 g, on the nanocomposite laminates at impact velocities in the range of their ballistic limit and above. The energy absorbed during penetration and ballistic limit of the nanocomposite laminates were studied both experimentally and analytically. The analytical model also predicts the energy absorbed in various failure modes due to tensile failure of primary fibers, deformation of secondary fibers, delamination and matrix crack. Mechanical properties like tensile modulus, stress-strain function, shear modulus, and strain energy release rate were used as input to the analytical model. Laminates of three, five and eight layers have been considered for the analysis. The effect of clay dispersion in the matrix for different failure modes is discussed. Ballistic limit obtained from the model is validated with experimental results and good agreement is found. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Ballistic limit; Energy absorption; Impact damage; Impact loading; Nanocomposites	Analytical models; Ballistics; Compression molding; Elastic moduli; Energy absorption; Epoxy resins; Failure (mechanical); Glass; Laminated composites; Mechanical properties; Nanocomposites; Projectiles; Strain; Strain rate; Stresses; Ballistic Limit; Composite laminate; Compression molding process; Impact damages; Impact loadings; Impact velocities; Projectile impact; Stress-strain functions; Laminates	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846349242	The distributive impact of land markets in Uganda	Baland J.-M., Gaspart F., Platteau J.-P., Place F.	2007	Economic Development and Cultural Change	55	2	10.1086/508717	University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium; International Center for Research in Agroforestry, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya	Baland, J.-M., University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; Gaspart, F., Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium; Platteau, J.-P., University of Namur, Namur, Belgium; Place, F., International Center for Research in Agroforestry, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya	In central Uganda, land-market transactions tend to mitigate initial inequality in land endowments. Farmers with smaller endowments of inherited land succeed in buying more land than the other farmers. Perhaps more important, native farmers who have not inherited are able to acquire more land on the local land-sale market than any other category of farmers are able to obtain. This fact is explained in three ways: (1) landless farmers who cannot buy land out-migrate from the areas; (2) traditional norms of social security give preference to landless farmers on the land market; or (3) inheritance practices tend to discriminate against the male heirs susceptible to purchase enough land to set up their own farms.	None	agricultural land; farm; land market; social security; Africa; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051934854	Evaluation of breast cancer risk by using fuzzy logic	Balanicǎ V., Dumitrache I., Caramihai M., Rae W., Herbst C.	2011	UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series C: Electrical Engineering	73	1	None	Dept. of Automatic Control and System Engineering, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Romania; Dept. of Medical Physics, University of the Free State (UFS), Bloemfontein, South Africa	Balanicǎ, V., Dept. of Automatic Control and System Engineering, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Romania; Dumitrache, I., Dept. of Automatic Control and System Engineering, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Romania; Caramihai, M., Dept. of Automatic Control and System Engineering, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Romania; Rae, W., Dept. of Medical Physics, University of the Free State (UFS), Bloemfontein, South Africa; Herbst, C., Dept. of Medical Physics, University of the Free State (UFS), Bloemfontein, South Africa	The decision process for selecting the best-suited follow-up treatment for a suspected breast cancer case is strongly dependent upon the correct diagnosis and assessment of the breast cancer risk. Despite the latest technological developments, the methods and criteria used to quantify the characteristics of detected lesion, so as to define the developmental stage of the breast cancer, and thus to finally arrive at a reliable (most probable) risk estimate, are still subjective and poorly defined for many clinicians. The present paper introduces a set of fuzzy rules that can be used to process the relevant data from breast cancer cases in order to give a breast cancer risk prognosis which can be qualitatively compared to that of an expert.	Breast cancer diagnosis; CAD; Fuzzy intelligent technique	Breast Cancer; Breast cancer diagnosis; Breast cancer risk; Decision process; Developmental stage; Intelligent techniques; Technological development; Diagnosis; Fuzzy logic; Risk perception; Diseases	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897035415	Evaluation of In-vitro anti-mycobacterial activity of selected medicinal plants in Mekelle, Ethiopia	Balcha E., Mengiste B., Gebrelibanos M., Worku A., Ameni G.	2014	World Applied Sciences Journal	31	6	10.5829/idosi.wasj.2014.31.06.517	Mekelle University, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box: 2084, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Mekelle University, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box: 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 1176, Ethiopia	Balcha, E., Mekelle University, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box: 2084, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Mengiste, B., Mekelle University, College of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box: 2084, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Gebrelibanos, M., Mekelle University, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box: 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Worku, A., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 1176, Ethiopia; Ameni, G., Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box: 1176, Ethiopia	In the present study six medicinal plants: Allium ursinum (bulb), Anethum graveolens (areal part), Buddleja polystachia (leaf), Croton macrostachys (leaf), Dodonaea anguistifolia (leaf) and Pterolobium stellatum (leaf), which are traditionally used to treat TB and related symptoms in Northern part of Ethiopia, were selected for the study. Crude extracts were prepared from the selected species by maceration using 80% ethanol. Various concentrations (250 mg/ml, 500 mg/ml and 1000 mg/ml) of the extracts were then screened for anti-mycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain using Micro plate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA). Various concentrations (1, 3, 6, 12.5, 25, 50, 125, 250, 500, 1000 mg/ml) of the extracts from the plant species that showed anti-mycobacterial activity were used to determine their respective Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs). Only three plants (A. ursinum, D. anguistifolia and P. stellatum) of the screened medicinal plants showed anti-mycobacterial activity. The MIC of A. ursinum and P. Stellatum extract was 250 mg/ml; while that of D. anguistifolia was 12.5 mg/ml. It can be concluded that the present study provided a scientific support for the traditional use of Allium ursinum, Dodonaea anguistifolia and Pterolobium stellatum for treatment of tuberculosis. © IDOSI Publications, 2014.	Anti-mycobacterial; Medicinal Plants; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration; Tuberculosis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947055067	Evaluation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) varieties for seed yield and yield components under Jimma condition, South Western Ethiopia	Balcha K., Belew D., Nego J.	2015	Journal of Agronomy	14	4	10.3923/ja.2015.292.297	Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (JUCAVM), P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia	Balcha, K., Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (JUCAVM), P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Belew, D., Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (JUCAVM), P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Nego, J., Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (JUCAVM), P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia	An experiment was conducted at Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (JUCAVM) experimental field to evaluate selected tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) varieties for their seed yield under irrigated condition. The experiment was set using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications wherein nine tomato varieties: five determinate type (Bishola, Chali, Cochoro, Fetan and Melkasalsa) and four semi-determinate type (Metadel, Miya, Melkashola and Arp tomato d2) and one local variety (Roma VF) were used. Data was collected on yield, seed weight per fruit, seed weight per plant, seed yield per hectare, number of seed per fruit, thousand seed weight, fruit diameter, fruit weight per plant and fruit yield per hectare. The results revealed that Variety had highly significantly (p≤0.01) affected the yield and yield component parameters. Significantly the highest fruit diameter (6.25 cm) was recorded from variety Bishola whereas the lowest seed yield per hectare was obtained from Fetan (58.1 kg). Correlation analysis also indicated that Seed weight per plant was significantly and positively associated with seed weight per hectare (r = 0.95), fruit yield per hectare (r = 0.40) and fruit weight per plant (r = 0.40). Fruit weight per plant was highly significantly and positively correlated with seed weight per hectare (r = 0.47) and fruit yield per hectare (r = 0.99). The tomato variety Bishola was found to be high seed yielder as compared to the other varieties compared and hence it is suggested that tomato producers in Jimma area can use Bishola variety for high seed yield. © 2015 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Fruit yield; Seed yield; Tomato; Varieties; Yield components	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947908564	Impact of Antidepressant Drugs on Sexual Function and Satisfaction	Baldwin D.S., Manson C., Nowak M.	2015	CNS Drugs	29	11	10.1007/s40263-015-0294-3	Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; University Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa; University Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, China; University Department of Psychiatry, Academic Centre, College Keep, 4-12 Terminus Terrace, Southampton, United Kingdom	Baldwin, D.S., Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, University Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa, University Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, China, University Department of Psychiatry, Academic Centre, College Keep, 4-12 Terminus Terrace, Southampton, United Kingdom; Manson, C., Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Nowak, M., Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom	Pleasurable sexual activity is important in many human relationships and can provide a sense of physical, emotional and social well-being. Depressive symptoms and depressive illness are associated with impairments in sexual function and sexual dissatisfaction in untreated and treated patients. Most currently available antidepressant drugs are associated with development or worsening of sexual dysfunction in a substantial proportion of patients. Sexual difficulties during antidepressant treatment often resolve as depression lifts, but can persist over long periods, reducing self-esteem and affecting mood and relationships adversely. Sexual difficulties during antidepressant treatment typically have many possible causes but the incidence and nature of dysfunction varies between drugs. Many interventions can be considered when managing sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressants but no approach is 'ideal'. Because treatment-emergent sexual difficulties are less frequent with certain drugs, presumably related to differences in pharmacological properties, and since current interventions are suboptimal, a lower incidence of sexual dysfunction is a relevant tolerability target when developing novel antidepressants. © 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	None	agomelatine; amfebutamone; amineptine; antidepressant agent; aripiprazole; clomipramine; dapoxetine; escitalopram; fluoxetine; fluvoxamine; lithium; mirtazapine; moclobemide; nefazodone; olanzapine; paroxetine; phosphodiesterase V inhibitor; placebo; serotonin noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sertraline; sildenafil; tadalafil; testosterone; trazodone; unindexed drug; venlafaxine; vilazodone; vortioxetine; yohimbine; Article; clinical assessment; clinical trial (topic); depression; drug design; drug efficacy; drug induced headache; drug safety; drug tolerability; dyspepsia; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human; incidence; major depression; mental patient; priority journal; prospective study; psychopharmacotherapy; randomized controlled trial (topic); sexual behavior; sexual dysfunction; sexual function; sexual satisfaction; treatment outcome; treatment response; visual disorder	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929990698	Development of an appropriate methodology for measuring economic impacts of sports events: A case study of the KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa	Balkaran R., Tifflin W.	2013	Actual Problems of Economics	146	8	None	Durban University of Technology, South Africa	Balkaran, R., Durban University of Technology, South Africa; Tifflin, W., Durban University of Technology, South Africa	Major international sporting events occur on a daily basis globally and little thought goes into the actual hosts that manage a large part of these events. Many countries view hosting these events as the spin-offs to a city or country providing benefits to them in respect of tourism and its multiplier effects. To many third world countries and cities this is seen as a source of income and a means to create employment and the opportunity to earn foreign capital. Some argue that the costs incurred by the host country/ city for providing specialised infrastructure for these events, do so with the intention of having these costs off-set with the expected benefits from the sports event. It becomes essential therefore to ensure these events are well researched in respect of their benefits and overall impact to a host before committing valuable resources that could otherwise be more appropriately used. Within South African context the major national imperatives would be boosting the economy, employment creation and poverty alleviation. The paper provides various models for measuring economic impacts in the literature and critiques them with the intention of offering a suitable model/ methodology that provides necessary feedback for suitable measurements. A case study of two major Super 14 rugby matches was used in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. © Rishidaw Balkaran, Wayne Tifflin, 2013.	Economic effects of sports; Rugby; South Africa; Sports activities	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46949088777	Formulation and properties' evaluation of PVC/(dioctyl phthalate)/ (epoxidized rubber seed oil) plastigels	Balköse D., Egbuchunam T.O., Okieimen F.E.	2008	Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology	14	2	10.1002/vnl.20142	Department of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahcekoyu, Urla-lzmir, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Warri, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Centre for Biomaterials Research, University of Benin, Benin City,	Balköse, D., Department of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahcekoyu, Urla-lzmir, Turkey; Egbuchunam, T.O., Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Warri, Nigeria; Okieimen, F.E., Department of Chemistry, Centre for Biomaterials Research, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Epoxidized rubber seed oil (4.5% oxirane content, ERSO) was prepared by treating the oil with peracetic acid generated in situ by reacting glacial acetic acid with hydrogen peroxide. The thermal behavior of the ERSO was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The effect of the epoxidized oil on the thermal stability of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastigels, formulated to contain dioctyl phthalate (DOP) plasticizer and various amounts of the epoxidized oil, was evaluated by using discoloration indices of the polymer samples degraded at 1600C for 30 min and thermogravimetry at a constant heating rate of 10°C/min up to 600°C. The thermal behavior of the ERSO was characterized by endothermic peaks at about 150°C, which were attributed to the formation of network structures via epoxide groups, and at temperatures above 300°C, which were due to the decomposition of the material. Up to 50% of the DOP plasticizer in the PVC plastisol formulation could be substituted by ERSO without a marked deleterious effect on the consistency of the plastigel formed. In the presence of the epoxidized oil, PVC plastigel samples showed a marked reduction in discoloration and the number of conjugated double bonds, as well as high temperatures for the attainment of specific extents of degradation. These results showed that the ERSO retarded/inhibited thermal dehydrochlorination and the formation of long (n > 6) polyene sequences in PVC plastigels. The plasticizer efficiency/permanence of ERSO in PVC/DOP plastigels was evaluated from mechanical properties' measurements, leaching/migration tests, and water vapor permeability studies. The results showed that a large proportion of DOP could be substituted by ERSO in a PVC plastisol formulation without deleterious effects on the properties of the plastigels. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.	None	Acetic acid; Agricultural products; Differential scanning calorimetry; Discoloration; Esters; Fatty acids; Gravimetric analysis; Hydrogen; Hydrogen peroxide; Laser interferometry; Mechanical permeability; Mechanical properties; Offshore oil well production; Oil well production; Oils and fats; Organic compounds; Organic polymers; Photoacoustic effect; Plasticizers; Plastisols; Polymers; Polyvinyl chlorides; Reaction kinetics; Reinforced plastics; Rubber; Seed; Sulfate minerals; Thermodynamic stability; Water vapor; (p ,p ,t) measurements; (PL) properties; Conjugated double bonds; Constant heating rate; Dehydrochlorination; Deleterious effects; Dioctyl phthalate (DOP); Endothermic peaks; Epoxide groups; Glacial acetic acid (HAc); High temperature (HT); In-situ; Network structures; Oxirane; Peracetic acid (PAA); Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC); Polyene sequences; Polymer samples; Rubber seed oil (RSO); Scanning calorimetry; thermal stability; Water vapor permeability (WVP); Plastic products	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907878119	Synthesis, characterization of Fe3O4@glycine doped polypyrrole magnetic nanocomposites and their potential performance to remove toxic Cr(VI)	Ballav N., Choi H.J., Mishra S.B., Maity A.	2014	Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry	20	6	10.1016/j.jiec.2014.01.007	Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea; Smart Polymers Group, Polymers and Composites (P andC), Materials Science and Manufacturing (MSM), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa	Ballav, N., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Choi, H.J., Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea; Mishra, S.B., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Maity, A., Smart Polymers Group, Polymers and Composites (P andC), Materials Science and Manufacturing (MSM), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa	Fe3O4 coated glycine doped polypyrrole magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4@gly-PPy NC) was prepared via coating of suspended Fe3O4 nanoparticles with gly-PPy. FE-SEM and HR-TEM images indicated that Fe3O4 nanoparticles were encapsulated by precipitating gly-PPy moieties. Chromium(VI) adsorption followed a Langmuir isotherm with maximum capacity of 238-303mg/g for a temperature range of 25-45°C at pH 2. The adsorption process was governed by the ionic interaction and the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by the PPy moiety. Results showed that NCs are effective adsorbents for the removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater and can be separated by external magnetic field from the reactor. © 2014 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.	Adsorption; Glycine; Hexavalent chromium; Magnetic nanocomposite; Polypyrrole	Amino acids; Polypyrroles; Hexavalent chromium; Magnetic nanocomposites; Adsorption	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650810642	The impact of country and culture on end-of-life care for injured patients: Results from an international survey	Ball C.G., Navsaria P., Kirkpatrick A.W., Vercler C., Dixon E., Zink J., Laupland K.B., Lowe M., Salomone J.P., Dente C.J., Wyrzykowski A.D., Hameed S.M., Widder S., Inaba K., Ball J.E., Rozycki G.S., Montgomery S.P., Hayward T., Feliciano D.V.	2010	Journal of Trauma - Injury, Infection and Critical Care	69	6	10.1097/TA.0b013e3181f66878	Department of Surgery, Emory University, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Surgery, Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Surgery, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Surgery, Wishard Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, United States	Ball, C.G., Department of Surgery, Emory University, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, United States; Navsaria, P., Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Kirkpatrick, A.W., Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Vercler, C., Department of Surgery, Emory University, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, United States; Dixon, E., Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Zink, J., Department of Surgery, Emory University, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, United States; Laupland, K.B., Department of Surgery, Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Lowe, M., Department of Surgery, Emory University, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, United States; Salomone, J.P., Department of Surgery, Emory University, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, United States; Dente, C.J., Department of Surgery, Emory University, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, United States; Wyrzykowski, A.D., Department of Surgery, Emory University, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, United States; Hameed, S.M., Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Widder, S., Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Inaba, K., Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Ball, J.E., Department of Surgery, Emory University, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, United States; Rozycki, G.S., Department of Surgery, Emory University, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, United States; Montgomery, S.P., Department of Surgery, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States; Hayward, T., Department of Surgery, Wishard Hospital, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Feliciano, D.V., Department of Surgery, Emory University, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA, United States	Background: Up to 20% of all trauma patients admitted to an intensive care unit die from their injuries. End-of-life decision making is a variable process that involves prognosis, predicted functional outcomes, personal beliefs, institutional resources, societal norms, and clinician experience. The goal of this study was to better understand end-of-life processes after major injury by comparing clinician viewpoints from various countries and cultures. Methods: A clinician-based, 38-question international survey was used to characterize the impacts of medical, religious, social, and system factors on end-of-life care after trauma. Results: A total of 419 clinicians from the United States (49%), Canada (19%), South Africa (11%), Europe (9%), Asia (8%), and Australasia (4%) completed the survey. In America, the admitting surgeon guided most end-of-life decisions (51%), when compared with all other countries (0-27%). The practice structure of American respondents also varied from other regions. Formal medical futility laws are rarely available (14-38%). Ethical consultation services are often accessible (29-98%), but rarely used (0-29%), and typically unhelpful (<30%). End-of-life decision making for patients with traumatic brain injuries varied extensively across regions with regard to the impact of patient age, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and clinician philosophy. Similar differences were observed for spinal cord injuries (age and functional level). The availability and use of "donation after cardiac death" also varied substantially between countries. Conclusions: In this unique study, geographic differences in religion, practice composition, decision-maker viewpoint, and institutional resources resulted in significant variation in end-of-life care after injury. These disparities reflect competing concepts (patient autonomy, distributive justice, and religion). Copyright © 2010 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	End-of-life; Trauma; Withdrawal of treatment	article; Asia; Australia and New Zealand; Canada; clinical decision making; consultation; Europe; general practitioner; geography; Glasgow coma scale; health survey; heart death; human; medical ethics; patient autonomy; patient care; priority journal; questionnaire; religion; South Africa; spinal cord injury; surgeon; traumatic brain injury; treatment outcome; United States; Asia; Attitude of Health Personnel; Australasia; Canada; Culture; Decision Making; Europe; Health Resources; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Medical Futility; Physician-Patient Relations; Questionnaires; Religion; South Africa; Terminal Care; Tissue and Organ Procurement; United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-63349100246	Equivalence of robust stabilization and robust performance via feedback	Ball J.A., Fang Q., Groenewald G.J., ter Horst S.	2009	Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems	21	1	10.1007/s00498-009-0037-4	Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA 24061-0123, United States; Department of Mathematics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-2900, United States; Department of Mathematics, North West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Ball, J.A., Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA 24061-0123, United States; Fang, Q., Department of Mathematics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-2900, United States; Groenewald, G.J., Department of Mathematics, North West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; ter Horst, S., Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA 24061-0123, United States	One approach to robust control for linear plants with structured uncertainty as well as for linear parameter-varying plants (where the controller has on-line access to the varying plant parameters) is through linear-fractional-transformation models. Control issues to be addressed by controller design in this formalism include robust stability and robust performance. Here robust performance is defined as the achievement of a uniform specified L 2-gain tolerance for a disturbance-to-error map combined with robust stability. By setting the disturbance and error channels equal to zero, it is clear that any criterion for robust performance also produces a criterion for robust stability. Counter-intuitively, as a consequence of the so-called Main Loop Theorem, application of a result on robust stability to a feedback configuration with an artificial full-block uncertainty operator added in feedback connection between the error and disturbance signals produces a result on robust performance. The main result here is that this performance-to-stabilization reduction principle must be handled with care for the case of dynamic feedback compensation: casual application of this principle leads to the solution of a physically uninteresting problem, where the controller is assumed to have access to the states in the artificially-added feedback loop. Application of the principle using a known more refined dynamic-control robust stability criterion, where the user is allowed to specify controller partial-state dimensions, leads to correct robust-performance results. These latter results involve rank conditions in addition to linear matrix inequality conditions. © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2009.	Linear fractional transformations; Linear matrix inequalities; Multidimensional linear systems; Output feedback; Robust performance; Robust stabilization	Linear fractional transformations; Multidimensional linear systems; Output feedback; Robust performance; Robust stabilization; Access control; Applications; Block codes; Controllers; Delay control systems; Feedback; Fuzzy control; Linear control systems; Mathematical operators; Mathematical transformations; Robust control; Robustness (control systems); Speed control; Stability criteria; Stabilization; Switching systems; System stability; Uncertain systems; Linear matrix inequalities	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-32544441478	Sparing land for nature: Exploring the potential impact of changes in agricultural yield on the area needed for crop production	Balmford A., Green R.E., Scharlemann J.P.W.	2005	Global Change Biology	11	10	10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001035.x	Conservation Biology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom; Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, United Kingdom; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom	Balmford, A., Conservation Biology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Green, R.E., Conservation Biology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, United Kingdom; Scharlemann, J.P.W., Conservation Biology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, United Kingdom, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom	How can rapidly growing food demands be met with least adverse impact on nature? Two very different sorts of suggestions predominate in the literature: Wildlife-friendly farming, whereby on-farm practices are made as benign to wildlife as possible (at the potential cost of decreasing yields); and land-sparing, in which farm yields are increased and pressure to convert land for agriculture thereby reduced (at the potential cost of decreasing wildlife populations on farmland). This paper is about one important aspect of the land-sparing idea - the sensitivity of future requirements for cropland to plausible variation in yield increases, relative to other variables. Focusing on the 23 most energetically important food crops, we use data from the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the United Nations Population Division (UNPD) to project plausible values for 2050 for population size, diet, yield, and trade, and then look at their effect on the area needed to meet demand for the 23 crops, for the developing and developed worlds in turn. Our calculations suggest that across developing countries, the area under those crops will need to increase very considerably by 2050 (by 23% under intermediate projections), and that plausible variation in average yield has as much bearing on the extent of that expansion as does variation in population size or per capita consumption; future cropland area varies far less under foreseeable variation in the net import of food from the rest of the world. By contrast, cropland area in developed countries is likely to decrease slightly by 2050 (by 4% under intermediate projections for those 23 crops), and will be less sensitive to variation in population growth, diet, yield, or trade. Other contentious aspects of the land-sparing idea require further scrutiny, but these results confirm its potential significance and suggest that conservationists should be as concerned about future agricultural yields as they are about population growth and rising per capita consumption. © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Agricultural yield; Agriculture; Conservation; Crop production; Cropland; Diet; Farming; Human population; Land sparing; Trade	agricultural land; crop production; crop yield; food production; land management	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953803547	The feasibility of MS and advanced data processing for monitoring Schistosoma mansoni infection	Balog C.I.A., Alexandrov T., Derks R.J., Hensbergen P.J., van Dam G.J., Tukahebwa E.M., Kabatereine N.B., Thiele H., Vennervald B.J., Mayboroda O.A., Deelder A.M.	2010	Proteomics - Clinical Applications	4	5	10.1002/prca.200900158	Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; University of Bremen, Center for Industrial Mathematics, Bremen, Germany; Vector Control Division, Ugandan Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany; DBL Centre for Health Research and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark	Balog, C.I.A., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; Alexandrov, T., University of Bremen, Center for Industrial Mathematics, Bremen, Germany; Derks, R.J., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; Hensbergen, P.J., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; van Dam, G.J., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; Tukahebwa, E.M., Vector Control Division, Ugandan Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Kabatereine, N.B., Vector Control Division, Ugandan Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Thiele, H., Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany; Vennervald, B.J., DBL Centre for Health Research and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Mayboroda, O.A., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands; Deelder, A.M., Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, Netherlands	Purpose: Sensitive diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression and the evaluation of chemotherapeutic interventions are of prime importance for the improvement of control and prevention strategies for Schistosomiasis. The aim of the present study was to identify novel markers of Schistosoma mansoni infection and disease using urine samples from a large cohort from an area endemic for S. mansoni. Experimental design: Urine samples were collected and processed on an automated sample clean-up and fractionation system combining strong cation exchange and reversed phase, and analyzed by MS (MALDI ToF MS). The ClinPro Tools™ (CPT) software and the Discrete Wavelet Transformation-Support Vector Machine (DWT-SVM) procedure were used for classification and statistical analysis. Results: We observed a large difference in urinary peptide profiles between children and adults but classification based on infection was possible only for children. Here, in the external validation data set, 93% of the infected children were classified correctly with DWTSVM (versus 76% for CPT). In addition 91% of low-infected children were classified correctly using DWT-SVM (versus 85% for CPT). The discriminating peptides were identified as fragments of collagen 1A1 and 1A3, and uromodulin. Conclusions and clinical relevance: In conclusion, we provide the usefulness of a peptidomics profiling approach combined with DWT-SVM in the monitoring of S. mansoni infection.	Discrete Wavelet Transformation-Support Vector machine; Infection markers; MS; Schistosoma mansoni; Urinary peptidomics	collagen; collagen 1A1; collagen 1A3; Tamm Horsfall glycoprotein; unclassified drug; adolescent; article; child; cohort analysis; endemic disease; female; human; major clinical study; male; matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry; peptidomics; priority journal; protein urine level; Schistosoma mansoni; schistosomiasis mansoni; school child; support vector machine; Adolescent; Adult; Antigens, Helminth; Biological Markers; Child; Feasibility Studies; Feces; Glycoproteins; Helminth Proteins; Humans; Peptides; Proteomics; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Software; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Schistosoma mansoni	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856195899	Chemical composition and nutritional evaluation of velvet bean seeds (Mucuna utilis) for domestic consumption and industrial utilization in Nigeria	Balogun I.O., Olatidoye O.P.	2012	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	11	2	None	Department of Food Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria	Balogun, I.O., Department of Food Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria; Olatidoye, O.P., Department of Food Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Nigeria	Velvet bean seeds were collected from a farm Ibadan. The mature seed samples were analyzed for proximate and mineral compositions, fatty acid profiles and amino acid composition. The mean values of various parameters for proximate composition (%) were: Moisture (6.02±0.11), crude protein (25.65±0.14), ash (3.60±0.01), ether extract (14.52±0.05), crude fibre (7.23±0.05) and carbohydrate (by difference) (42.98). The calculated fatty acids were (12.49) and gross energy was (1703.95). The investigated seed samples contained higher amounts of crude protein and lipids when compared with most of the commonly consumed pulses. Mineral element (mg/100g) include: Calcium (148.88±0.2), potassium (1472.33±0.2), phosphorus (377.12±0.2), magnesium (23.66±0.3), iron (3.44±0.2) and manganese (5.28±0.1). The fatty acid profiles of the seeds revealed that the seed lipids contained higher concentration of palmitic acid and linoleic acid. Linoleic acid was the dominating fatty acid, followed by palmitic acid and oleic acid. The seed proteins of sample contained higher levels of the essential amino acids such as, threonine, valine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and histidine. Amino acid analysis revealed that velvet bean flour contained nutritionally useful quantities of most of the essential amino acids. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	Amino acid profiles; Chemical composition; Physico-chemical characteristics; Velvet bean	amino acid; calcium; carbohydrate; essential amino acid; ether; fatty acid; histidine; iron; isoleucine; linoleic acid; lipid; magnesium; manganese; mineral; oleic acid; palmitic acid; phenylalanine; phosphorus; potassium; threonine; tyrosine; valine; vegetable protein; amino acid analysis; amino acid composition; article; ash; calorie; chemical composition; controlled study; dietary fiber; fatty acid analysis; flour; food analysis; food composition; food industry; food intake; lipid composition; moisture; Nigeria; nonhuman; nutrient content; nutritional assessment; physical chemistry; plant seed; velvet bean; Mucuna	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649787047	Evaluation of the content validity, internal consistency and stability of an instrument designed to assess the HIV/AIDS knowledge of University Students	Balogun J.A., Aniona T.C., Lukobo-Durrell M., Adefuye A., Amosun S., Frantz J., Yakut Y.	2010	Education for Health: Change in Learning and Practice	23	3	None	College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey	Balogun, J.A., College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States; Aniona, T.C., College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States; Lukobo-Durrell, M., College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States; Adefuye, A., College of Health Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States; Amosun, S., Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Frantz, J., Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Yakut, Y., Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey	Objective: This study evaluated the content validity, internal consistency and stability of a questionnaire designed to assess the HIV/AIDS knowledge of young adults. Methods: The questionnaire was administered on two occasions, within two week intervals, to 219 university students in the USA (n=66), Turkey (n=53) and South Africa (n=100). The psychometric instrument contained demographic information questions and 45 knowledge questions regarding the HIV virus, ways of transmitting it, symptoms of HIV/AIDS infection and methods of prevention. Factor analysis was conducted to assess construct validity; Cronbach alphas and Pearson's product moment correlation (r) were calculated to evaluate internal consistency and stability, respectively. Results: The 45 knowledge questions produced a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (measure of sampling adequacy) value of 0.8133 and loaded on three factors with an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.861. The r for the individual knowledge question was greater than 0.50 and the overall knowledge score was "almost perfect" (0.91; p<.001). For participating students from the USA, Turkey and South Africa, their r for the overall knowledge score was 0.80 (p<.001), 0.83 (p<.001) and 0.93 (p<.001), respectively. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that the instrument is highly stable and internally consistent. The availability of this instrument may enhance HIV intervention studies internationally. © JA Balogun, TC Aniona, M Lukobo-Durrell, A Adefuye, S Amosun, J Frantz, Y Yakut, 2010.	Evaluation; HIV/AIDS; Knowledge; Psychometric instrument; University students; Young adults	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46249104990	The effect feeding forage legumes as nitrogen supplement on growth performance of sheep	Baloyi J.J., Ngongoni N.T., Hamudikuwanda H.	2008	Tropical Animal Health and Production	40	6	10.1007/s11250-007-9120-3	Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology, University of South Africa, UNISA, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa	Baloyi, J.J., Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe, Department of Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology, University of South Africa, UNISA, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa; Ngongoni, N.T., Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Hamudikuwanda, H., Department of Animal Science, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	The effect of feeding forage legumes, Cowpea, Silverleaf desmodium and Oxley fine stem stylo, as protein supplements to natural pasture (veld) hay on intake, growth rate and nitrogen metabolism in growing lambs was evaluated. Thirty growing lambs were stratified according to body weight and randomly assigned, within a stratum, to five diets in a completely randomised design. The diets were veld hay alone (V), veld hay supplemented with either 10 g/kg of urea (VU), veld hay supplemented with 250 g/kg Cowpea (VC), 250 g/kg Silverleaf desmodium (VS) or 250 g/kg Oxley fine stem stylo (VF) forage legume hays. The V and the VU groups were used as control diets. Animals supplemented with either urea or the forage legume had higher (P<0.01) total dry matter intake compared with the animals on V. The animals supplemented with the forage legumes had higher (P<0.01) nitrogen intake and faecal nitrogen output than the non-supplemented group. All animals, across the treatments, lost body weight; lambs on V had higher (P<0.01) body weight losses than those in the other treatments. The forage legume supplemented groups lost less (P<0.01) body weight than those on the V and VU diets. Although supplementation with forage legumes enhanced feed intake and reduced weight losses it did not maintain body weights of lambs fed a basal diet of poor quality roughages. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Forage legumes; Growth; Nitrogen; Sheep; Supplementary feeding	nitrogen; animal; article; chemistry; diet supplementation; eating; feces; growth, development and aging; legume; metabolism; physiology; randomization; sheep; Animals; Dietary Supplements; Eating; Fabaceae; Feces; Nitrogen; Random Allocation; Sheep; Animalia; Desmodium; Ovis aries; Stylosanthes guianensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902170332	The role of supervisor support in predicting employee job satisfaction from their perception of the performance management system: A test of competing models in engineering environments	Baloyi S., van Waveren C.C., Chan K.-Y.	2014	South African Journal of Industrial Engineering	25	1	None	Department of Engineering and Technology Management, Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Baloyi, S., Department of Engineering and Technology Management, Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, South Africa; van Waveren, C.C., Department of Engineering and Technology Management, Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Chan, K.-Y., Department of Engineering and Technology Management, Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Past studies of performance management systems (PMS) have focused more on designing the framework and less on the effect it has on employees. Moreover, employees in developing countries may not be knowledgeable or familiar with PMS. This paper proposes two competing statistical models to examine the roles that supervisor support (SS) has in engineering organisations. It was found that SS is a mediator, but not a moderator, in the relationship between PMS and employee job satisfaction. In other words, SS partially explains why employees have positive perceptions of their jobs based on their evaluation of the current PMS; SS thus enhances the PMS in engineering organisations.	None	Developing countries; Human resource management; Job satisfaction; Management; Supervisory personnel; Competing models; Engineering environment; Performance management systems; Supervisor supports; Models	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870254863	Human impact on sediment fluxes within the Blue Nile and Atbara River basins	Balthazar V., Vanacker V., Girma A., Poesen J., Golla S.	2013	Geomorphology	None	None	10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.10.013	Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; Hydrology Department, Ministry of Water Resources, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia	Balthazar, V., Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Vanacker, V., Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Girma, A., Department of Land Resource Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Poesen, J., Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium; Golla, S., Hydrology Department, Ministry of Water Resources, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia	A regional assessment of the spatial variability in sediment yields allows filling the gap between detailed, process-based understanding of erosion at field scale and empirical sediment flux models at global scale. In this paper, we focus on the intrabasin variability in sediment yield within the Blue Nile and Atbara basins as biophysical and anthropogenic factors are presumably acting together to accelerate soil erosion. The Blue Nile and Atbara River systems are characterized by an important spatial variability in sediment fluxes, with area-specific sediment yield (SSY) values ranging between 4 and 4935t/km2/y. Statistical analyses show that 41% of the observed variation in SSY can be explained by remote sensing proxy data of surface vegetation cover, rainfall intensity, mean annual temperature, and human impact. The comparison of a locally adapted regression model with global predictive sediment flux models indicates that global flux models such as the ART and BQART models are less suited to capture the spatial variability in area-specific sediment yields (SSY), but they are very efficient to predict absolute sediment yields (SY). We developed a modified version of the BQART model that estimates the human influence on sediment yield based on a high resolution composite measure of local human impact (human footprint index) instead of countrywide estimates of GNP/capita. Our modified version of the BQART is able to explain 80% of the observed variation in SY for the Blue Nile and Atbara basins and thereby performs only slightly less than locally adapted regression models. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	Blue-Nile/Atbara system; BQART; Human footprint; Regional scale; Sediment yield; Soil erosion	anthropogenic effect; numerical model; sediment transport; sediment yield; soil erosion; spatial variation; Blue Nile [Nile River]; Nile River	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350716637	Relative HIV resistance in kenyan sex workers is not due to an altered prevalence or mucosal immune impact of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection	Baltzer H., Chege D., Rebbapragada A., Wachihi C., Shin L.Y.Y., Kimani J., Ball T.B., Jaoko W., Plummer F.A., Kaul R.	2009	Current HIV Research	7	5	10.2174/157016209789346336	Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada	Baltzer, H., Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Chege, D., Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Rebbapragada, A., Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Wachihi, C., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Shin, L.Y.Y., Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Kimani, J., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Ball, T.B., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Jaoko, W., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Plummer, F.A., Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Kaul, R., Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya	Chronic infection by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) increases HIV susceptibility, perhaps due to HSV-2-associated increases in activated mucosal immune cells. A small number of Kenyan female sex workers (FSWs) exhibit relative HIV resistance. We examined whether relative HIV resistance was related to differences in the prevalence or mucosal immune impact of HSV-2. Participants were recruited from an open cohort of HIV-uninfected FSWs in Nairobi, Kenya. Women who had been practicing sex work in the cohort for ≥3 years without acquiring HIV were defined as relatively HIV resistant. HSV-2 diagnostics were performed, and cervical immune cell subsets were examined by flow cytometry in a subset of participants. The study population comprised 139 HIV-uninfected FSWs. HSV-2 seroprevalence was actually higher in FSWs meeting criteria for relative HIV resistance than in non-resistant FSWs (75/80, 94% vs 46/59, 78%; LR = 7.5; P = 0.006), likely due to the increased age and longer duration of sex work in the resistant subgroup. Late HIV acquisition was not associated with recent HSV-2 infection, and HSV-2 associated increases in HIVsusceptible cervical immune cell populations were similar in both groups. Relative HIV resistance in Kenyan FSWs was not due to a reduced prevalence or mucosal immune impact of HSV-2 infection. © 2009 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.	Female sex workers; Herpes simplex virus type 2; HIV resistance; HIV susceptibility; Seroprevalence	CD209 antigen; CD69 antigen; chemokine receptor CCR5; t6 antigen; adult; age; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; CD4+ T lymphocyte; controlled study; dendritic cell; female; herpes simplex; Herpes simplex virus 2; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; infection resistance; Kenya; mucosal immunity; seroprevalence; sexual transmission; uterine cervix mucosa; Adult; Female; Flow Cytometry; Herpes Genitalis; Herpesvirus 2, Human; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunity, Mucosal; Kenya; Prostitution; Vagina	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34648823167	Laboratory evaluation of mahogany (Khaya senegalensis (Desv.) seed oil and seed powder for the control of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on stored cowpea	Bamaiyi L.J., Ndams I.S., Toro W.A., Odekina S.	2007	Journal of Entomology	4	3	None	Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria	Bamaiyi, L.J., Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria; Ndams, I.S., Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria; Toro, W.A., Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria; Odekina, S., Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria	The efficacy of Khaya senegalensis seed oil and powder was evaluated for the control of Callosobruchus maculatus on stored cowpea. The oil was extracted locally by steaming of the dry K. senegalensis seeds in a large cooking pot after pounding into a paste in a mortar. Similarly the seed shaft leftover from the extraction process was dried in the oven at 30°C and pounded in a mortar and further macerated in an electric moulinex kitchen blender into fine powder. This was compared with actellic Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) and actellic dust as standards. Adult mortality of C. maculatus was highest within 24 h post treatment with seed oil concentrations at 1, 2 and 3 mL/100 g of cowpea. The seed oil significantly (p&lt;0.05) reduced the F1 and F2 progeny emergence but did not differ significantly (p&gt;0.05) when compared with the control. For all the parameters investigated, K. senegalensis seed oil did not differ significantly with Actellic EC in the Control of C. maculatus, during the study. © 2007 Academic Journals.	Callosobruchus maculatus; Cowpea; Fumigation; Khaya senegalensis; Seed oil; Seed powder	Bruchinae; Callosobruchus maculatus; Coleoptera; Khaya senegalensis; Swietenia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84962429278	Heavy metal accumulation and biochemical evaluation of earthworms from sawmills in abeokuta, South-Western Nigeria [Acumulación de metales pesados y evaluación bioquímica de las lombrices de tierra de los aserrade­ros en Abeokuta, Sur-Occidente de Nigeria	Bamidele J.A., Idowu A.B., Ademolu K.O., Akinloye O.A., Bamgbola A.A.	2015	Revista de Biologia Tropical	63	4	10.15517/rbt.v63i4.16194	Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry Department, Federa	Bamidele, J.A., Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Idowu, A.B., Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Ademolu, K.O., Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Akinloye, O.A., Department of Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Bamgbola, A.A., Department of Chemistry Department, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Over the years, sawmilling industries have shown a high growth in the rain forest areas of Nigeria, releasing several wastes into the environment. This study aims at using earthworms (Eudrilus eugeniae, Libyodrilus violaceous and Hyperiodrilus africanus) of sawmill origin as bio-indicators of metal pollution in sawmills. Four major sawmills located in Abeokuta (7°9’11’’44” N - 3o19’35’’ E), namely Lafenwa, Sapon, Isale-Ake and Kotopo sawmills were used for this study. The arboretum of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta was used as control site. Earthworms, plant and soil samples were collected each month for three months (March to May, 2013), randomly from different points at each of the locations. Protein analysis was conducted on the earthworms using gel electrophoresis while the activities of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were done spectrophotometrically. Heavy metal analysis was also conducted on soil, plant and earthworm samples using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Gel electrophoresis results revealed the presence of nine protein bands in E. eugeniae from Sapon and Kotopo sawmills, as compared to six protein bands of E. eugeniae from the control site. Seven protein bands were observed in L. violaceous from Lafenwa and H. africanus from Isale-Ake sawmills. Levels of SOD, GPx and CAT activities were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) in E. eugeniae from Sapon sawmill than those of Kotopo sawmill and the control site. This study also revealed that Pb and Cd concentrations were higher in the earthworms, plants and soil from the sawmills than those of the control site. Sapon sawmill recorded significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) levels of Cd and Cu in plants as well as Pb and Cd in soil samples than those of the other locations. The concentrations of Cu, Co and Ni were higher in the soil of the control site than in the sawmill soils. Stronger relationship exists in the metal concentrations between the earthworms and soils (R= 0.602) than between the plants and soil (R= 0.405). Sawmilling therefore posses potential risks on sawmill soil and soil fauna, especially earthworm species. © 2015, Universidad de Costa Rica. All rights reserved.	Bio-indicator; Earthworms; Heavy metals; Pollution; Sawmilling; Stress enzymes	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847092967	Evaluation of library services delivery in Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	Bamigboye O.B.	2007	Library Management	28	3	10.1108/01435120710727992	Olabisi Onabanjo University Library, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	Bamigboye, O.B., Olabisi Onabanjo University Library, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present an evaluation of library services delivery in Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye. Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach - A total of 400 questionnaires were administered to respondents, of which 387 (96.75 percent) were returned and used for this study. Findings - The results of the study indicated that the users' demands of library service represent a wide range of aspects, including the availability of conventional books and periodicals, a good reference function, and access to internet facilities, which are considered an important library function by many of the respondents. Originality/value - The paper presents recommendations aimed at improving services delivery.	Customer satisfaction; Information services; Library users; Nigeria; Service delivery; User studies	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953306038	Nutritional evaluation of Ficus thonningii-Panicum maximum mixtures in West African dwarf goats	Bamikole M.A., Ikhatua U.J.	2010	Nutrition and Food Science	40	3	10.1108/00346651011043970	Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Bamikole, M.A., Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Ikhatua, U.J., Department of Animal Science, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Purpose: The realization of the importance of browse in meeting the nutritional needs of ruminants in the dry season in the tropics has put a serious pressure on the already known browse plants. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the nutritive value of Ficus thonningii (FT), which is a less known fodder tree. Design/methodology/approach: A total of 25 West African dwarf goats (age range = 7-9 months, live weight range = 5.0-7.5 kg) were used for the study, and lasted for 98 days. FT was fed with Panicum maximum (PM) grass in different proportions of 0:100 (only grass), 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 (only Ficus) to five groups of goats. A completely randomized design was used to collect data on feed intake, digestibility, weight gain and nitrogen utilization. Findings: Results showed that FT is higher in crude protein (CP) (20.51 per cent) and lower in neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (55.79 per cent) than PM (CP = 8.25 per cent, NDF = 76.16 per cent). Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), CP intakes (g/d/kg w0.75) improved significantly with more FT in the diet and were best in 75 per cent FT (values = 79.84, 76.72 and 14.78, respectively) and lowest in solely PM (corresponding values = 21.06, 18.21 and 1.59). Weight gain (g/d) patterned nutrient intake and were best in 50 and 75 per cent FT (mean = 14.78) and least in solely PM (5.36). Digestibility values were generally good, but highest in 50 per cent FT, similar in 25, 75 and 100 per cent FT and least in solely PM. Nitrogen balance (g/d) and retention (per cent) were highest and similar in both 50 and 75 per cent FT (mean = 4.8 and 48.79) and lowest in solely grass (0.24 and 14.25). Practical implications: FT displays no practical limitations to its utilization in ruminant feeding and could be used solely or in mixture with grass. Original/value: Being well consumed and utilized even as sole forage, FT will be a good insurance in alleviating feed scarcity problem for ruminant animals in the dry season. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Animal feed; Forage crops; Livestock; Nigeria; West Africa	Animalia; Bovidae; Capra hircus; Ficus thonningii; Panicum maximum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78751608958	Impact of promoting sustainable agriculture in Borno (PROSAB) program on adoption of improved crop varieties in Borno State of Nigeria	Bamire S.A., Abdoulaye T., Amaza P., Tegbaru A., Alene A.D., Kamara A.Y.	2010	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	8	3-4 PART 1	None	Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (UTA), Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; University of Maiduguri, Bama Road, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria	Bamire, S.A., Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Abdoulaye, T., International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (UTA), Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; Amaza, P., University of Maiduguri, Bama Road, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; Tegbaru, A., International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (UTA), Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; Alene, A.D., International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (UTA), Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; Kamara, A.Y., International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (UTA), Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria	This paper evaluates the impact of the intervention of Promoting Sustainable Agriculture in Borno (PROSAB) project on the livelihoods of farming households in Borno State, Nigeria. Specifically, the paper identifies and provides information on farmers' adoption of improved crop varieties introduced by PROSAB; measures their adoption rates, and analyzes the factors that affect the probability and intensity of adoption of the crop varieties. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select respondents in three agroecological zones (AEZs) - the northern Guinea savanna (NGS), southern Guinea savanna (SGS), and the Sahelian savanna (SS), and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data on their socioeconomic characteristics and adoption parameters in the 2009 period. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Tobit regression techniques. The paper demonstrates how adoption and use decisions were significantly influenced by education, membership in associations, and yield in the NGS; yield and labor in the SGS, and age and labor in the SS, implying that these variables, and particularly yield, are important for consideration by development agencies who are interested in improving agricultural production and the livelihoods of the people.	Adoption; Agroecologies; Farming households; Impact; Improved crop varieties; Livelihoods; PROSAB; Tobit regression	adult; article; computer program; crop improvement; educational status; farming system; female; household; human; maize; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; nonhuman; peanut; plant ecology; plant yield; rice; savanna; socioeconomics; sorghum; soybean	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881294911	Evaluation of potential dangers of mobile telecommunication frequencies and modulations	Bamisaye A.J.	2013	Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology	2013	2	None	Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Bamisaye, A.J., Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Mobile Telecommunication is one of the fastest growing technologies in the world. The effects of its high frequencies and complex modulations to the exposed population are considered in this paper. Experimental studies examining a variety of effects on all levels of the organism, ranging from effects on single cells to effects which manifest themselves as reactions of the entire body, there have been a number of epidemiological studies in order to establish the possible causal correlations between higher exposures to HF EMFs. Recommendations on the reduction of the effects of EMFs of Mobile Telecommunication on humans was presented.	Electromagnetic fields; Frequency; Health; Mobile communication; Modulation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866315692	Comparative Evaluation of Adolescents' Use of Public Libraries in the Nigerian States of Osun and Oyo	Bamise O.F., Oyedapo R.O.	2012	Public Library Quarterly	31	3	10.1080/01616846.2012.707110	Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Bamise, O.F., Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Oyedapo, R.O., Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	This study compares the utilization by adolescents age 12-17 of public libraries in Osun and Oyo States in Nigeria. The study utilized interviews and a checklist as data-gathering techniques. Some 414 volunteer adolescent users were selected, with males predominating. Of the respondents, 51.7 percent were in the libraries to read their own books. Of the respondents from Oyo State Public Library, 99 percent were aware of library Internet services compared to only 22 percent from Osun State. Users specified two major problems: no good display of library materials and lack of up-to-date materials on subjects in which students were interested. The authors suggest several policy changes to improve adolescent services in the two libraries. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	adolescent use of libraries; children's services; Nigerian libraries; student use of public libraries; youth services	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051530331	Beyond the school: Gender of household head and children's educational performance in Lagos State	Bammeke F.	2008	International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences	3	1	None	University of Lagos, Nigeria	Bammeke, F., University of Lagos, Nigeria	The lives of children are intricately tied to the ability of the household head to provide for them. The quality of life in a household may also be tied to whether or not the household head is a man or woman. This study seeks to ascertain the veracity of the assumption that children in female-headed households tend to have poorer educational performance than children in male-headed households. To achieve this objective, tests were administered on children selected from public schools in Mainland and Badagry local government areas of Lagos State who were also followed up to their households. The study found no significant statistical difference in the mean scores of children in both households. It however found that certain support factors infuenced children's educational performance. These were parents' education, children's access to books and regularity at school. Others were adults' supervision of children's school work, parents' ability to pay fees and time available for children to do homework. The study underscores the importance of mothers' education and suggests state support for children in households where support factors are lacking. © Common Ground.	Children; Educational performance; Gender; Household head	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23844552375	Damage, deterioration and the long-term structural performance of cooling-tower shells: A survey of developments over the past 50 years	Bamu P.C., Zingoni A.	2005	Engineering Structures	27	12 SPEC. ISS.	10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.04.020	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town, South Africa	Bamu, P.C., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town, South Africa; Zingoni, A., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town, South Africa	The last 50 years have seen a gradual shift in trend in research on concrete hyperbolic cooling-tower shells, from the issues of response to short-term loading and immediate causes of collapse in the early part of this period, to the issues of deterioration phenomena, durability and long-term performance in more recent times. This paper traces these developments. After a revisit of some historical collapses of cooling-tower shells, and a brief consideration of condition surveys and repair programmes instituted in the aftermath of these events, focus shifts to the important question of damage and deterioration, and progress made over the past 30 years in the understanding of these phenomena. In particular, much research has gone into the modelling of cracking and geometric imperfections, which have a considerable effect on the load-carrying capacity of the shell, and are also manifestations of long-term deterioration. While structural monitoring of the progression of deterioration in cooling-tower shells, and the accurate prediction of this through appropriate numerical models, will always be important, the thinking now seems to be shifting towards designing for durability right from the outset. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Concrete cracking; Cooling towers; Damage modelling; Deterioration phenomena; Durability; Long-term performance; Shell imperfections; Shell structures	Cooling towers; Crack initiation; Defects; Deterioration; Durability; Mathematical models; Performance; Reinforced concrete; Concrete cracking; Cooling tower shells; Damage modelling; Deterioration phenomena; Long term performance; Shell imperfections; Shells (structures); structural analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-37249080649	Evaluation of a semi-automated reporter phage assay for susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in South Africa	Banaiee N., January V., Barthus C., Lambrick M., RoDiti D., Behr M.A., Jacobs Jr. W.R., Steyn L.M.	2008	Tuberculosis	88	1	10.1016/j.tube.2007.08.006	Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Que., Canada; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States	Banaiee, N., Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; January, V., Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Barthus, C., Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Lambrick, M., Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; RoDiti, D., Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Behr, M.A., McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Que., Canada; Jacobs Jr., W.R., Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States; Steyn, L.M., Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	In a prospective study conducted by laboratory technologists in a diagnostic laboratory in Cape Town, South Africa, a semi-automated phage-based antibiotic susceptibility assay was implemented and the performance of the luciferase reporter mycobacteriophage (LRP) system for susceptibility testing of clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) isolates against rifampin and isoniazid was evaluated. Two hundred consecutive clinical MGIT cultures of MTC species were included in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility assays were set up manually for the LRP and BACTEC radiometric systems (BACTEC) and read in a plate luminometer and the BACTEC 460 instrument, respectively. Discrepant susceptibility results were resolved by the conventional agar proportion method. Of the 200 secondary cultures prepared for this study, 9 (4.5%) were lost to contamination (LRP 4, BACTEC 1, both 4). All of the remaining 191 cultures underwent susceptibility testing by both methods and the overall agreement between the LRP and BACTEC was 98.4% (rifampin 100%; isoniazid 96.9%). Of the 6 discrepant cultures tested by the agar proportion method, 2 gave results in agreement with the LRP. The sensitivity of the LRP for detection of drug-resistant isolates was 100% for both rifampin (n=9) and isoniazid (n=12). The median turnaround time for susceptibility testing was 2 days with the LRP and 9 days with BACTEC. In conclusion, the semi-automated LRP-based assay offers a rapid and practical approach for accurate susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis cultures in diagnostic laboratories with limited financial resources, but with competent technologists. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Drug resistance; Drug susceptibility testing; Luciferase reporter mycobacteriophages; Mycobacterium tuberculosis	antibiotic agent; isoniazid; luciferase; rifampicin; antibiotic sensitivity; article; assay; bacteriophage; bacterium culture; clinical laboratory; instrumentation; minimum inhibitory concentration; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; polymerase chain reaction; priority journal; radiometry; reporter gene; South Africa; Antitubercular Agents; Biological Assay; Genes, Reporter; Humans; Isoniazid; Luciferases; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacteriophages; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Prospective Studies; Rifampin; South Africa; Tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939789698	The impact of economic growth on unemploymentin South Africa: 1994 – 2012	Banda H., Choga I.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	12	4Cont7	None	Department of Economics, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; School of Economic Decision Sciences, North West University, North West University (Mafikeng Campus), South Africa	Banda, H., Department of Economics, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Choga, I., School of Economic Decision Sciences, North West University, North West University (Mafikeng Campus), South Africa	One of the most pressing problems facing the South African economy is unemployment, which has been erratic over the past few years. This study examined the impact of economic growth on unemployment, using quarterly time series data for South Africa for the period 1994 to 2012.Johansen Co-integration reflected that there is stable and one significant long run relationship between unemployment and the explanatory variables that is economic growth (GDP), budget deficit (BUG), real effective exchange rate (REER) and labour productivity (LP). The study utilized Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to determine the effects of macroeconomic variables thus REER, LP, GDP and BUG on unemployment in South Africa. The results of VECM indicated that LP has a negative long run impact on unemployment whilst GDP, BUG and REER have positive impact. The study resulted in the following policy recommendation: South African government should re-direct its spending towards activities that directly and indirectly promote creation of employment and decent jobs; a conducive environment and flexible labour market policies or legislations without impediments to employment creation should be created; and lastly government should prioritise industries that promote labour intensive. All this will help in absorbing large pools of the unemployed population thereby reducing unemployment in South Africa. © 2015 Virtus Interpress. All rights reserved.	Economic growth; South Africa; Unemployment; Vector error correction	None	None
None	None	The Impact of Income and Non-Income Shocks on Child Labor: Evidence from a Panel Survey of Tanzania	Bandara A., Dehejia R., Lavie-Rouse S.	2015	World Development	67	None	10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.10.019	United Nations Development Programme, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania; New York University, United States; Analysis Group Inc, Boston, United States	Bandara, A., United Nations Development Programme, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania; Dehejia, R., New York University, United States; Lavie-Rouse, S., Analysis Group Inc, Boston, United States	This paper investigates the impact of income and non-income shocks on child labor using a model in which the household maximizes utility from consumption as well as human capital development of the child. We also investigate if access to credit and household assets act as buffers against transitory shocks. Our results indicate significant effects of agricultural shocks on the child's overall work hours and agricultural work hours, with higher effects for boys. Crop shocks also have significant adverse effects on school attendance, with girls experiencing a more-than 70% increase in the probability of quitting schooling. The results also indicate that access to a bank account has a buffering effect on the impact of shocks on child hunger. Having a bank account reduces both male child labor and household work hours of a girl child. While assets reduce working hours of girls, we do not find it having a significant effect on boys. We also do not see assets to act as a buffer against shocks. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Agricultural shocks; Buffer stocks; Child labor; Consumption smoothing	agricultural worker; banking; child labor; human capital; income; panel data; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84964893750	The role of cardiac CT angiography in the pre- and postoperative evaluation of tetralogy of Fallot	Banderker E., Pretorius E., de Decker R.	2015	South African Journal of Radiology	19	2	10.4102/sajr.v19i2.899	Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Banderker, E., Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Pretorius, E., Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; de Decker, R., Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the first described and most common cyanotic congenital heart anomaly that generated the first successful surgical palliation procedure and definitive intracardiac repair. Classical TOF comprises the four typical features of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO), right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), ventricular septal defect (VSD) and aortic dextroposition. Complex forms of the condition include TOF associated with absent pulmonary valve and TOF with pulmonary atresia (TOF-PA) with or without major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs). The pathophysiological understanding that the tetrad is basically the sequel of a singular abnormality of infundibular malformation, with anterior deviation of the infundibular septum, had major surgical consequences that improved survival. Diagnostic and functional imaging play a key role in the clinical and surgical management of patients with TOF. We revisit the role of traditionally employed imaging modalities (echocardiography and cardiac catheterisation) only briefly as these remain within the domain of cardiology practice. The emphasis of the present review is to outline the role of cardiac computed tomographic angiography (CTA) in the evaluation of TOF, with special reference to the technical considerations and best practice recommendations. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is addressed only in passing, as this service is not currently available at our institution. © 2015. The Authors.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863723442	The impact of nanoclay on the crystal growth kinetics and morphology of biodegradable poly(ethylene succinate) composite	Bandyopadhyay J., Ray S.S., Scriba M., Malwela T.	2012	Polymer (United Kingdom)	53	16	10.1016/j.polymer.2012.06.014	DST/CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, 1-Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Chemical Technology, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2018, Johannesburg, South Africa	Bandyopadhyay, J., DST/CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, 1-Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Ray, S.S., DST/CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, 1-Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, Department of Chemical Technology, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2018, Johannesburg, South Africa; Scriba, M., DST/CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, 1-Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Malwela, T., DST/CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, 1-Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	The impact of nanoclay on the isothermal crystal growth kinetics and morphology of biodegradable poly(ethylene succinate) (PES) is reported. A PES composite (PESNC) containing 5 wt% organically modified montmorillonite, was prepared via solvent casting method. The structural study of PESNC, using X-ray diffraction and optical microscope, showed the formation of micro-intercalated composite. The isothermal crystallization behavior of neat PES and PESNC was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical and atomic force microscopes. Results show that the supercooling effect of neat PES reduces after composite formation. The Lauritzen-Hoffman secondary nucleation theory (the LH-model) was employed to understand the crystal growth mechanism of these systems. According to the LH-model, only one transition between regime II and regime III was found, but no transition from regime I to II was detected. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Crystal growth kinetic and morphology; Nanocomposite; Poly(ethylene sucinate)	Atomic force microscope (AFM); Composite formation; Crystal growth mechanism; Isothermal crystallization; Nano clays; Optical microscopes; Organically modified montmorillonite; Poly(ethylene succinate); Poly(ethylene sucinate); Secondary nucleation; Solvent casting method; Structural studies; Atomic force microscopy; Differential scanning calorimetry; Ethylene; Isotherms; Kinetics; Morphology; Nanocomposites; X ray diffraction; Crystal growth	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951547384	Evaluation of interceptor long-lasting insecticidal nets in eight communities in Liberia	Banek K., Kilian A., Allan R.	2010	Malaria Journal	9	1	10.1186/1475-2875-9-84	Uganda Malaria Surveillance Project, PO Box 7475, Kampala, Uganda; Malaria Consortium, Development House, 56-64 Leonard Street, London EC2A 4LT, United Kingdom; MENTOR Initiative, La Prade, 11150 Villasavary, France	Banek, K., Uganda Malaria Surveillance Project, PO Box 7475, Kampala, Uganda; Kilian, A., Malaria Consortium, Development House, 56-64 Leonard Street, London EC2A 4LT, United Kingdom; Allan, R., MENTOR Initiative, La Prade, 11150 Villasavary, France	Background. By 2008, the WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) recommended five long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) for the prevention of malaria: Olyset®, PermaNet 2.0®, Netprotect®, Duranet® and Interceptor®. Field information is available for both Olyset® and PermaNet®, with limited data on the newer LLINs. To address this gap, a field evaluation was carried out to determine the acceptability and durability of Interceptor® LLINs. Methods. A one-year prospective field study was conducted in eight rural returnee villages in Liberia. Households were randomized to receive Interceptor® LLINs or conventionally treated nets (CTNs). Primary outcomes were levels of residual alpha-cypermethrin measured by HPLC and participant utilization/acceptability of the ITNs. Results. A total of 398 nets were analysed for residual alpha-cypermethrin. The median baseline concentrations of insecticide were 175.5 mg/m2 for the Interceptor® LLIN and 21.8 mg/m2 for the CTN. Chemical residue loss after a one year follow-up period was 22% and 93% respectively. Retention and utilization of nets remained high (94%) after one year, irrespective of type, while parasitaemia prevalence decreased from 29.7% at baseline to 13.6% during the follow up survey (p = < 0.001). Interview and survey data show perceived effectiveness of ITNs was just as important as other physical attributes in influencing net utilization. Conclusion. Interceptor® LLINs are effective and desirable in rural communities in Liberia. Consideration for end user preferences should be incorporated into product development of all LLINs in the future, in order to achieve optimum retention and utilization. © 2010 Banek et al.	None	insecticide; cipermethrin; pesticide residue; pyrethroid; article; bed net; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; follow up; health survey; high performance liquid chromatography; human; Liberia; major clinical study; malaria; outcome assessment; parasitemia; randomized controlled trial; semi structured interview; adult; consumer; family size; female; infant; information processing; male; methodology; mosquito; patient attitude; preschool child; prospective study; risk; rural population; statistics; Adult; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Consumer Participation; Family Characteristics; Female; Focus Groups; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Insecticide-Treated Bednets; Insecticides; Liberia; Malaria; Male; Mosquito Control; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Pesticide Residues; Prospective Studies; Pyrethrins; Risk; Rural Population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881247342	An exploration of the impact of students' prior genre knowledge on their constructions of 'audience' in a Marketing course at postgraduate level	Bangeni B.	2013	English for Specific Purposes	32	4	10.1016/j.esp.2013.05.001	Academic Development Programme, University of Cape Town, Hoerikwaggo Building, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Bangeni, B., Academic Development Programme, University of Cape Town, Hoerikwaggo Building, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	This article explores the development of audience awareness for two English additional language (EAL) graduate students making the transition from undergraduate Social Science disciplines into the professional discipline of Marketing at a South African university. The article examines the ways in which their conceptualisations of 'audience' shape their negotiation of the generic move structure informing a dominant genre within the discipline: the written case analysis. I argue that the students' struggle with realising the communicative purposes of the genre in their analyses has implications for how they engage with disciplinary theory within crucial moves. Data yielded by semi-structured interviews, reflection papers, as well as selected case analyses written by the students in the initial months of their postgraduate year illustrate how this struggle can be traced to a mismatch between their embodied understandings of the concept of 'audience' which are transported from undergraduate learning contexts, and 'audience' as prescribed by the communicative purpose of the written case analysis within a professional discipline. In making this argument, the article examines the ways in which an antecedent genre, the Social Science argumentative essay, contributes to this mismatch. The article concludes by outlining the pedagogical implications of the findings from an ESP perspective. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Antecedent genre; Audience awareness; Disciplinarity; Prior genre knowledge; Transition; Written case analysis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873274573	The Association between Cognition and Academic Performance in Ugandan Children Surviving Malaria with Neurological Involvement	Bangirana P., Menk J., John C.C., Boivin M.J., Hodges J.S.	2013	PLoS ONE	8	2	10.1371/journal.pone.0055653	Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology/Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Neuropsychology Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States	Bangirana, P., Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Menk, J., School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; John, C.C., Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Boivin, M.J., Department of Psychiatry and Neurology/Ophthalmology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States, Neuropsychology Section, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Hodges, J.S., School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States	Background: The contribution of different cognitive abilities to academic performance in children surviving cerebral insult can guide the choice of interventions to improve cognitive and academic outcomes. This study's objective was to identify which cognitive abilities are associated with academic performance in children after malaria with neurological involvement. Methods: 62 Ugandan children with a history of malaria with neurological involvement were assessed for cognitive ability (working memory, reasoning, learning, visual spatial skills, attention) and academic performance (reading, spelling, arithmetic) three months after the illness. Linear regressions were fit for each academic score with the five cognitive outcomes entered as predictors. Adjusters in the analysis were age, sex, education, nutrition, and home environment. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation models (SEM) were used to determine the nature of the association between cognition and academic performance. Predictive residual sum of squares was used to determine which combination of cognitive scores was needed to predict academic performance. Results: In regressions of a single academic score on all five cognitive outcomes and adjusters, only Working Memory was associated with Reading (coefficient estimate = 0.36, 95% confidence interval = 0.10 to 0.63, p<0.01) and Spelling (0.46, 0.13 to 0.78, p<0.01), Visual Spatial Skills was associated with Arithmetic (0.15, 0.03 to 0.26, p<0.05), and Learning was associated with Reading (0.06, 0.00 to 0.11, p<0.05). One latent cognitive factor was identified using EFA. The SEM found a strong association between this latent cognitive ability and each academic performance measure (P<0.0001). Working memory, visual spatial ability and learning were the best predictors of academic performance. Conclusion: Academic performance is strongly associated with the latent variable labelled "cognitive ability" which captures most of the variation in the individual specific cognitive outcome measures. Working memory, visual spatial skills, and learning together stood out as the best combination to predict academic performance. © 2013 Bangirana et al.	None	academic achievement; arithmetic; article; attention; child; cognition; female; human; learning; major clinical study; malaria; male; mental performance; neurologic examination; outcome assessment; preschool child; reading; spelling; structural equation modeling; Uganda; working memory; Age Factors; Attention; Child; Cognition; Educational Status; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Humans; Learning; Linear Models; Malaria, Cerebral; Male; Mathematics; Memory, Short-Term; Models, Statistical; Nutritional Status; Reading; Sex Factors; Spatial Behavior; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890257401	Clinical evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic serological method in the diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis [Mikobakteriyum tüberkülozis tani{dotless}si{dotless}nda hi{dotless}zli{dotless} i̇mmünokromatografik serolojik yöntemin klinik deǧerlen	Banjoko S.O., Sridhar M.K.C.	2013	TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin	12	6	10.5455/pmb.1-1351682079	Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Yenagoa, Nigeria	Banjoko, S.O., Department of Chemical Pathology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Sridhar, M.K.C., Department of Community Medicine, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Yenagoa, Nigeria	AIM: There is currently no single diagnostic method which can detect all tuberculosis (TB) cases. Therefore diagnosis can take several days and weeks and involve expensive, invasive and complex procedures. METHODS: 100 clinically diagnosed tuberculosis patients attending Jericho Chest Clinic, Ibadan, Nigeria (Test) and 100 tuberculosis free healthy individuals (Control) were recruited for the study after ethical clearance and patients' consent were obtained. Rapid serological test based on immobilized antigens on immune-chromatographic strips obtainable from (AMRAD, Australia) were performed using serum samples of clotted blood obtained from test and controlled subjects. Controls were selected using results of clinical examination and chest X ray while the tuberculosis patients were confirmed positive using clinical examination, chest X-ray, smear microscopy and microbial culture. RESULTS: The number of true positives were 78 (78.0%) and false positives were 8 (8.0%) while the number of true negatives were 92 (92.0%) and false negatives were 22 (22.0%). Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive and positive predictive values of this serological method were 78.0%, 92.0%, 80.7% and 90.7% respectively. CONCLUSION: These results underscore the need to include serological method as a routine in the diagnosis and management of tuberculosis at the point of care particularly in poor resource settings and developing economies. Furthermore it is plausible to suggest that multiple antigen based immunechromatographic kits showed better promise for rapid serological diagnosis.	Diagnosis; Immunochromatography; Serology; Tuberculosis; Validity	immunoglobulin G; article; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; female; human; immunoaffinity chromatography; major clinical study; male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; predictive value; sensitivity and specificity; serology; sputum culture; sputum smear; thorax radiography; tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84917726933	The Impacts of Telecommunications Infrastructure and Institutional Quality on Trade Efficiency in Africa	Bankole F.O., Osei-Bryson K.-M., Brown I.	2015	Information Technology for Development	21	1	10.1080/02681102.2013.874324	Information Systems, University of the WesternCape, Cape Town, South Africa; Information Systems, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Information Systems, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States	Bankole, F.O., Information Systems, University of the WesternCape, Cape Town, South Africa, Information Systems, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Osei-Bryson, K.-M., Department of Information Systems, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Brown, I., Information Systems, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa	One of the dominant issues for Information Systems (IS) researchers in developing countries is to determine the impact of Information Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure expansion on socio-economic development. Generating sustained socio-economic development in Africa depends largely on the ability of nations to make profitable investments and accumulate capital, which could be achieved through efficient ICT-enabled trade flows. Trade supports employment creation and improves national income levels, revenue generation, consumer price reductions and government spending. It is a key driver of African poverty alleviation, growth, economic maturity and human development. Previous research, in particular Bankole et al. [(2013a). The impact of information and communications technology infrastructure and complementary factors on intra-African trade. Information Technology for Development] identified the significant and positive effect of telecommunication infrastructure and institutional quality (IQ) on intra-African trade flows. As part of the ongoing research discourse on ICT for Development, the current article explores the impacts of telecommunications infrastructure and IQ on trade efficiency in Africa, using archival data from 28 African countries. We employed partial least squares analysis, data envelopment analysis and regression splines to analyze data. Our results suggest that IQ coupled with telecommunication infrastructure enhance efficiencies in intra-African trade flows. © 2014, Commonwealth Secretariat.	DEA; institutional quality; MARS; SEM; telecommunications; trade efficiency	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84917739018	The Impact of Information and Communications Technology Infrastructure and Complementary Factors on Intra-African Trade	Bankole F.O., Osei-Bryson K.-M., Brown I.	2015	Information Technology for Development	21	1	10.1080/02681102.2013.832128	Information Systems, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Information Systems, Virginia, Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Information Systems, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa	Bankole, F.O., Information Systems, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa, Information Systems, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa; Osei-Bryson, K.-M., Information Systems, Virginia, Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Brown, I., Information Systems, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa	Trade is one of the cornerstones of socio-economic development for Africa. Intra-continental trade stimulates productive capacity and competitiveness in nations through exposing domestic industries to competition. The purpose of this study was to investigate how information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure impacts on intra-African trade, taking into account other relevant factors that also influence trade such as Institutional Quality and Educational Attainment. Archival data about Telecommunications Infrastructure (a key indicator of ICT infrastructure), Institutional Quality and Educational Attainment and Trade Flows (Export and Import) from 28 African countries were used as empirical evidence. The research employed structural equation modeling with partial least squares to analyze data. The empirical analysis shows that the Telecommunications Infrastructure has a major impact on intra-African trade. Interacting factors such as Institutional Quality and Educational Attainment also play a role in influencing intra-African trade. © 2013, Commonwealth Secretariat.	Africa; ICT infrastructure; structural equation model; trade	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905051329	The impact of ICT investments on human development: A regression splines analysis	Bankole F.O., Osei-Bryson K.-M., Brown I.	2013	Journal of Global Information Technology Management	16	2	10.1080/1097198X.2013.10845636	University of the Western Cape, South Africa; Virginia Commonwealth University, United States; University of Cape Town, South Africa	Bankole, F.O., University of the Western Cape, South Africa; Osei-Bryson, K.-M., Virginia Commonwealth University, United States; Brown, I., University of Cape Town, South Africa	Despite the worldwide growth in investments in information and communication technology (ICT), few studies have investigated the complex interactions between components of ICT investments and different dimensions of human development. The purpose of this study is to explore the conditional impacts of ICT investments (Hardware, Software, Internal Services Spending and Telecommunication) on two dimensions of Human Development (Standard of Living and Health) within three contexts (classified as High, Medium and Low income countries). To carry out the study, archival data concerning ICT investments and human development for 51 countries with the largest ICT markets were collected for the period 1994 to 2003. The study utilized a novel approach called regression splines to analyse the data. Results suggest, among other things, that: (1) the impact of investments in the different ICT components varies with context; (2) impacts are in many cases conditional and complex; and (3) the direction of impacts of ICT investment on Standard of Living may be different from the corresponding directions of impacts on Health. It is therefore necessary for policy makers or IS executives to do in-depth tradeoff analysis between the different components of ICT investment to determine appropriate allocations.	Gross domestic product; Human development; ICT investments; Information and communication technology; Multivariate adaptive regression splines	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921069006	Environmentally compatible dimethyl sulfoxide: an alternative to N-methylpyrrolidone for electrochemical performance of recycled LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 in lithium-ion battery	Bankole O.E., Gong C., Lei L.	2014	Russian Journal of Electrochemistry	50	9	10.1134/S1023193514030021	School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Crawford University, P.M.B 2001, Atan-Agbara Road, Ogun State, Nigeria	Bankole, O.E., School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China, Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Crawford University, P.M.B 2001, Atan-Agbara Road, Ogun State, Nigeria; Gong, C., School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Lei, L., School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China	The effect of recycling and doping LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 of lithium-ion battery with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) instead of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) on the electrochemical performance of the battery has been investigated for the first time. Observation shows that preparing the cathode active materials with dimethyl sulfoxide will increase the conductivity of the battery. The results show that the as-recovered LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 modified with LiOH · H2O calcined at 450°C delivers discharge capacities of about 247 mA h g−1 in the first cycle with discharge efficiency of 83.1% in sample doped with dimethyl sulfoxide, and 189 mA h g−1 with discharge efficiency of 82.7% in N-methylpyrrolidone at the rate of 0.2 C. The asrecovered samples calcined at 800 and 850°C deliver 149 and 217 mA h g−1 in the fourth cycles respectively in dimethyl sulfoxide. The capacity loss observed in dimethyl sulfoxide faded with increase in cycle numbers. In general, for the samples doped with dimethyl sulfoxide, better performances were evident with high discharge capacities in powders calcined at a lower temperature than higher temperature in accordance with particle sizes shown by the SEM images. On the basis of better cyclic performance of lithium metal cathode and environmental safety, it is evident that relatively cheap dimethyl sulfoxide could replace N-methylpyrrolidone in battery formulations. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 was successfully recycled by dimethyl sulfoxide. © 2014, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.	cathode materials; conductivity; dimethyl sulfoxide; doping; electrochemical effect; environment	Calcination; Cathodes; Dimethyl sulfoxide; Doping (additives); Electric batteries; Electric conductivity; Electric discharges; Electrodes; Lithium; Lithium alloys; Lithium-ion batteries; Nickel; Organic solvents; Recycling; X ray diffraction; Cath-ode materials; Cathode active material; Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); Electrochemical effects; Electrochemical performance; environment; Environmental safety; Environmentally compatible; Lithium batteries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-14544289513	Evaluation of a photo-poster on nurses' perceptions of teething problems in South-western Nigeria	Bankole O.O., Aderinokun G.A., Denloye O.O.	2005	Public Health	119	4	10.1016/j.puhe.2004.05.019	Department of Preventive Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria	Bankole, O.O., Department of Preventive Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Aderinokun, G.A., Department of Preventive Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; Denloye, O.O., Department of Preventive Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria	Background: Health problems commonly associated with the eruption of teeth in babies continue to pose problems in Nigeria. Even nurses who should be well informed have misconceived views. In order to enlighten mothers and healthcare workers on this issue, a photo-poster was developed as a health-education tool. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the poster, displayed in the workplace for 18 months, on the knowledge, attitude and reported practice of nurses. The study also aimed to assess the outcome of the inclusion of the photo-poster in training materials in a workshop setting. Methods: The study was conducted in two parts. In the first part, 542 nurses working in children's units within the city of Ibadan, South-western Nigeria were selected using a stratified sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to gather information on their perceptions of teething problems at baseline. Photo-posters were displayed in the nurses' workplaces for 18 months, and a follow-up survey was conducted using the same questionnaire. In the second part of the study, two groups of nurses (n=21 and n=18 nurses) working in similar healthcare facilities in Ibadan participated in two separate workshops. One workshop used the photo-poster in addition to the standard educational materials, and the other workshop did not. Percentage differences between pre- and postintervention responses to perceived health problems were calculated. Intervention effects were the differences between the percentage changes in the intervention (with poster) and comparison (without poster) groups. Statistical differences were determined by Chi-squared test or one-tailed t-test, as appropriate. Results: Five hundred and forty-two nurses (519 female and 23 male) completed the questionnaire survey at baseline and 403 (371 female and 32 male) at follow-up. Their ages ranged between 23 and 56 years, with the greatest percentage aged 25-40 years. At baseline, many respondents indicated that several of the listed health problems were a consequence of tooth eruption. After exposure to the posters at their workplace for 18 months, there were slight changes in their opinions but most were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The use of posters in a workshop setting revealed percentage changes ranging from -11 to 61% for the different associated health problems. Many of these changes were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Displaying photo-posters in the workplace did little to change nurses' perceptions of teething problems; the posters had more influence when they were used in an instructional, interactive atmosphere. It is recommended that the use of photo-posters in health education for such culturally entrenched health issues should be accompanied by discussion of the same subject wherever possible. © 2004 The Royal Institute of Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Evaluation; Infants; Photo-poster; Teething	adult; article; calculation; chi square test; city; controlled study; female; health care facility; health education; hospital department; human; literature; male; Nigeria; nurse attitude; pediatrics; questionnaire; sampling; staff training; statistical analysis; statistical significance; tooth eruption; workshop; Adult; Audiovisual Aids; Education, Nursing, Continuing; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mothers; Nigeria; Nurses; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Tooth Eruption	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-54249128457	Evaluation of diagnostic tests for infectious diseases: General principles	Banoo S., Bell D., Bossuyt P., Herring A., Mabey D., Poole F., Smith P.G., Sriram N., Wongsrichanalai C., Linke R., O'Brien R., Perkins M., Cunningham J., Matsoso P., Nathanson C.M., Olliaro P., Peeling R.W., Ramsay A.	2008	Nature Reviews Microbiology	6	SUPPL. 11	10.1038/nrmicro1523	Medicines Control Council of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Malaria and other Vector-borne and Parasitic Diseases, World Health Organization-Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Clinical Research Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Division of Microbiology Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, NY, United States; Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Tulip Group of Companies, Goa, India; US Naval Medical Research Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia; Foundation for Innovative Diagnostics (FIND), Geneva, Switzerland; UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland	Banoo, S., Medicines Control Council of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Bell, D., Malaria and other Vector-borne and Parasitic Diseases, World Health Organization-Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines; Bossuyt, P., Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Herring, A., Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Mabey, D., Clinical Research Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Poole, F., Division of Microbiology Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, NY, United States; Smith, P.G., Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Sriram, N., Tulip Group of Companies, Goa, India; Wongsrichanalai, C., US Naval Medical Research Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia; Linke, R., Foundation for Innovative Diagnostics (FIND), Geneva, Switzerland; O'Brien, R., Foundation for Innovative Diagnostics (FIND), Geneva, Switzerland; Perkins, M., Foundation for Innovative Diagnostics (FIND), Geneva, Switzerland; Cunningham, J., UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Matsoso, P., UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Nathanson, C.M., UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Olliaro, P., UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Peeling, R.W., UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Ramsay, A., UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland	[No abstract available]	None	African trypanosomiasis; article; blood analysis; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test; gold standard; human; infection; information processing; informed consent; lumbar puncture; malaria; medical research; patient safety; point of care testing; practice guideline; prediction; prevalence; priority journal; quality control; reproducibility; sample size; screening test; sensitivity and specificity; Communicable Diseases; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Predictive Value of Tests; Quality Control; Research Design; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859138208	The impact of a community service learning project on the professional growth of pre-service teachers [Die trefkrag van'n gemeenskapsdiens leerprojek op die professionele ontwikkeling van onderwysstudente]	Bansilal S., Mthembu Z.	2011	Acta Academica	43	4	None	School of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, Faculty of Education, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X03, Ashwood 3605, South Africa	Bansilal, S., School of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, Faculty of Education, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X03, Ashwood 3605, South Africa; Mthembu, Z., School of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, Faculty of Education, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X03, Ashwood 3605, South Africa	This article reports on a qualitative study based on a group of third- and fourth-year science student teachers, who participated in a community service learning (CSL) project. This study followed five students at three community drop-in centres in order to explore how their participation contributed to their learning. Data was generated from the lecturer's field notes and reports, as well as from the students' reflections, summative reports and presentations. The findings indicate that students found the experience academically, personally and professionally enriching. Working with poor orphans and community workers also helped the students develop a greater awareness of social responsibility. © UV/UFS.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937728099	Performance of Cervical Cancer Screening Techniques in HIV-Infected Women in Uganda	Bansil P., Lim J., Byamugisha J., Kumakech E., Nakisige C., Jeronimo J.A.	2015	Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease	19	3	10.1097/LGT.0000000000000090	Reproductive Health Global Program, PATH, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Reproductive Health Global Program, PATH, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda	Bansil, P., Reproductive Health Global Program, PATH, Seattle, WA, United States; Lim, J., Reproductive Health Global Program, PATH, Seattle, WA, United States; Byamugisha, J., Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Kumakech, E., Reproductive Health Global Program, PATH, Kampala, Uganda; Nakisige, C., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda; Jeronimo, J.A., Reproductive Health Global Program, PATH, Seattle, WA, United States	Objective: Women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a higher risk of HPV infections and developing cervical cancer, thus screening them is imperative. This study was aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of 3 cervical cancer screening options among HIV-infected women in Uganda. Materials and Methods: Data from 2,337 Ugandan women who reported their HIV status were obtained from a population-based cervical cancer screening study. Women were offered 3 screening tests: vaginal and cervical careHPV and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), and the results were evaluated by HIV status. Results: The prevalence of HIV infection was 16.5%. Women infected with HIV had a higher prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ (CIN2+) than uninfected women (12.9% vs 1.7%; p < .001). The sensitivity for cervical careHPV among the HIV-infected women was 94.3% compared to 81.3% among the uninfected women. Whereas the sensitivity for vaginal careHPV was also higher among the HIV-infected women, the sensitivity of VIA was higher among the uninfected women. The mean vaginal and cervical careHPV signal strength was higher in the HIV-infected women than in the uninfected women (p < .001). Conclusions: CareHPV is very sensitive for detecting CIN2+ in HIV-infected women, even using a vaginal sample. The sensitivity of careHPV in HIV-infected women is higher than in HIV-uninfected women. However, additional research is needed to determine the best option for screening and triage of HPV-positive women that can be implemented in low-resource settings, especially among HIV- and HPV-positive women. © 2015, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology.	cervical cancer; HIV; human papillomavirus (HPV); screening tests; Uganda	acetic acid; adolescent; adult; Article; cancer screening; cervical care human papilloma virus; comparative study; controlled study; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; major clinical study; predictive value; screening test; sensitivity and specificity; Uganda; uterine cervix cancer; uterine cervix carcinoma in situ; uterine cervix cytology; vaginal care human papilloma virus; virus load; visual system examination	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907032799	Masculinity and Mayhem: The Performance of Gender in a South African Boys’ School	Bantjes J., Nieuwoudt J.	2014	Men and Masculinities	17	4	10.1177/1097184X14539964	University of StellenboschStellenbosch, South Africa; University of South AfricaPretoria, South Africa	Bantjes, J., University of StellenboschStellenbosch, South Africa; Nieuwoudt, J., University of South AfricaPretoria, South Africa	We describe an incident of disruptive behavior which occurred in a boys’ school in South Africa, and the context in which it occurred. The incident of mayhem is deconstructed in order to illuminate what it reveals about the performance of masculinity in the school. Descriptions are offered of practices and rituals which show how gender is performed within an elite boys’ school and how this incident illuminates the gender regime of the institution. The discussion highlights the contradictory and contested nature of performances of masculinity within the school. © The Author(s) 2014.	disruptive behavior; gender; gender regime; hegemony; masculinity; performance of gender; schools	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68949108139	Evaluation of commercial hiv test kits used in Nigeria	Banwat E.B., Peter J.Y., Egah D.Z.	2009	Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice	12	1	None	Department of Medical Microbiology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 2076, Jos Nigeria, Nigeria	Banwat, E.B., Department of Medical Microbiology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 2076, Jos Nigeria, Nigeria; Peter, J.Y., Department of Medical Microbiology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 2076, Jos Nigeria, Nigeria; Egah, D.Z., Department of Medical Microbiology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 2076, Jos Nigeria, Nigeria	Background: Accurate and reliable diagnosis of HIV plays a central role in any effective HIV intervention. We decided to evaluate 4 commercial HIV test kits to determine their reliability for use in developing countries. Methods: Serum samples obtained from clients accessing tertiary health services at the STI clinic, Jos University Teaching Hospital were used to evaluate Sdbioline, Diaspot, Determine and DIALAB Elisa kits. A Western blot was used as the reference kit. Results: DETERMINE kit gave 34 positive and 58 negative reactions and the positive sera were all confirmed by Western blot while DIASPOT kit gave 27 false negative results, which was at variance with the reference kit result. Other kits were SDBIOLINE with 5 false positive and DIALAB Elisa kit, which gave one false positive, and one false negative result. Conclusion: We conclude that Determine, SDbioline and DIALAB Elisa kits are reliable for HIV antibody testing in Nigeria and other developing countries.	HIV; Nigeria; Test kits	article; clinical trial; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; developing country; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Nigeria; prediction and forecasting; reproducibility; serodiagnosis; AIDS Serodiagnosis; Developing Countries; HIV Infections; Humans; Nigeria; Predictive Value of Tests; Reproducibility of Results	None
WoS	WOS:000273205500010	EVALUATION OF A SAFER MALE CIRCUMCISION TRAINING PROGRAMME FOR NDEBELE TRADITIONAL SURGEONS AND NURSES IN GAUTENG, SOUTH AFRICA: USING DIRECT OBSERVATION OF CIRCUMCISION PROCEDURES	Banyini, Mercy,Kanta, Xola,Peltzer, Karl	2010	AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES	7	2	None	Human Sciences Research Council-South Africa, University of the Free State, Impilo Ya Bantu Hlth	"Banyini, Mercy: Human Sciences Research Council-South Africa",	The aim of this study was to assess the safety of traditional male circumcision practices among Ndebele traditional surgeons following a five days training by direct observation of circumcision procedures. The sample included eight Ndebele traditional surgeons and traditional nurses and 86 initiates (abakhwetwa) from two districts in Gauteng province in South Africa. A structured observations tool was administered by a trained research doctor during circumcisions and (wound) care of the initiates of the trained traditional surgeons. Results indicate that from the observations of 86 traditional male circumcisions a high number (37%) of adverse events were recorded (excessive bleeding, excessive skin removed and damage to the penis) and in six cases the use of one instrument for the circumcision was observed. Before scaling up and/or considering integration traditional male circumcision services into medical male circumcision services in South Africa, a careful strategy to minimize unnecessary morbidity, and fundamental improvements on current traditional male circumcision techniques, are required. In addition, legislation and control of traditional male circumcision in Gauteng province, where the study took place, are recommended to make traditional male circumcision safer and to prevent adverse events to happen.	,"EASTERN CAPE",HIV	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888592221	Corporate governance and bank performance: Does ownership matter? Evidence from the Kenyan banking sector	Barako D.G., Tower G.	2006	Corporate Ownership and Control	4	2:00 AM	None	Financial Institutions Supervision Department, Central Bank of Kenya, Kenya; Curtin Business School, School of Accounting, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia	Barako, D.G., Financial Institutions Supervision Department, Central Bank of Kenya, Kenya; Tower, G., Curtin Business School, School of Accounting, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia	This paper provides an empirical analysis of banks performance in Kenya. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the association between ownership structure characteristics and bank performance. Data utilised in the study is collected from the Financial Institutions Department of the Central Bank of Kenya, both on-site inspection reports and off-site surveillance records. Empirical results indicate that ownership structure of banks significantly influence their financial performance. In particular, board and government ownership are significantly and negatively associated with bank performance, whereas foreign ownership is strongly positively associated with bank performance, and institutional shareholders have no impact on the performance of financial institutions in Kenya. The study makes a significant contribution to financial research by extending examination of banks performance to a developing country context beyond the usual confines of the developed western economies, and adds to the small number of similar studies in the African context. The results are consistent with prior research findings, and more importantly, presents statistical justification for pursuing further corporate governance reforms with respect to banks' ownership structure to enhance the financial stability of the sector.	Central Bank of Kenya; Corporate governance; Ownership structure	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-51149111603	Foot-and-mouth disease vaccination in South Sudan: Benefit-cost analysis and livelihoods impact	Barasa M., Catley A., MacHuchu D., Laqua H., Puot E., Kot D.T., Ikiror D.	2008	Transboundary and Emerging Diseases	55	8	10.1111/j.1865-1682.2008.01042.x	Feinstein International Center, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, PO Box 1078, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Vétérinaires Sans Frontières Suisse, Nairobi, Kenya; Feinstein International Center, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Barasa, M., Vétérinaires Sans Frontières Suisse, Nairobi, Kenya; Catley, A., Feinstein International Center, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, PO Box 1078, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Feinstein International Center, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; MacHuchu, D., Vétérinaires Sans Frontières Suisse, Nairobi, Kenya; Laqua, H., Vétérinaires Sans Frontières Suisse, Nairobi, Kenya; Puot, E., Vétérinaires Sans Frontières Suisse, Nairobi, Kenya; Kot, D.T., Vétérinaires Sans Frontières Suisse, Nairobi, Kenya; Ikiror, D., Vétérinaires Sans Frontières Suisse, Nairobi, Kenya	A benefit-cost analysis of vaccination for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) was conducted in an area of South Sudan, which due to chronic conflict, had been subject to large-scale humanitarian assistance for many years. The study used participatory epidemiology (PE) methods to estimate the prevalence and mortality of acute and chronic FMD in different age groups of cattle, and the reduction in milk off-take in cows affected by FMD. The benefit-cost of FMD vaccination was 11.5. Losses due to the chronic form of FMD accounted for 28.2% of total FMD losses, indicating that future benefit-cost analyses for FMD control in pastoral and agropastoral areas of Africa need to consider losses caused by chronic disease. Participatory epidemiological methods were also used to assess the importance of milk in the diet of Nuer agropastoralists, and seasonal variations in diet in relation to cattle movements and FMD outbreaks. Marked seasonal variation in diet included a 'hunger gap' period during which households were highly dependent on milk as their main source of food. Outbreaks of FMD occurred immediately before this period of milk dependency, with chronic losses extending through this period and affecting human food security. The paper discusses the need and feasibility of mass vaccination and strategic vaccination for FMD in South Sudan. The paper also discusses the value of combining conventional benefit-cost analysis with livelihoods analysis to inform disease control efforts and funding commitments in humanitarian contexts. © 2008 Blackwell Verlag.	Benefit-cost analysis; Foot-and-mouth disease; Human food security; Participatory epidemiology; South Sudan; Vaccination	virus vaccine; animal; animal disease; article; cattle; cattle disease; cost benefit analysis; economics; epidemic; female; foot and mouth disease; Foot and mouth disease virus; immunology; infection control; male; milk; secretion; Sudan; vaccination; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Communicable Disease Control; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Foot-and-Mouth Disease; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus; Male; Milk; Sudan; Vaccination; Viral Vaccines; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548506064	Froth imaging, air recovery and bubble loading to describe flotation bank performance	Barbian N., Cilliers J.J., Morar S.H., Bradshaw D.J.	2007	International Journal of Mineral Processing	84	42373	10.1016/j.minpro.2006.10.009	Royal School of Mines, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa	Barbian, N., Royal School of Mines, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Cilliers, J.J., Royal School of Mines, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; Morar, S.H., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Bradshaw, D.J., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa	Video image analysis and direct sampling of the froth surface were combined to investigate the relationship between different imaging parameters accounting for the structural features of the froth, and the separation efficiency of a flotation bank. The bubble solids loading and the air recovery were measured to introduce a new structural parameter, the froth volumetric mineral loading, additionally a new image analysis measurement, the cross correlation peak, was investigated. Both parameters were shown to be linked to the mobility of the bubbles on the froth surface. The cross correlation peak was found to be closely related to the volumetric mineral loading measured on the froth surface. Both parameters were found to follow a drop in froth stability and mineral attachment down the bank, which resulted in a relatively wetter and less viscous froth, and therefore a higher bubble mobility on the froth surface. As a result, the cross correlation peak was shown to be related to the mineral grade in the concentrate, while further analysis highlighted the possible use of a combination of air recovery and cross correlation peak to give a closer prediction of the bank performance. © 2006.	Air recovery; Bubble loading; Froth flotation; Froth stability; Image analysis	Bubbles (in fluids); Correlation methods; Froth flotation; Image analysis; Imaging systems; Parameter estimation; Viscous flow; Air recovery; Bubble loading; Flotation banks; Froth stability; Surfaces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959751367	Irrigation in West-African Sahel. Diversity of practices and levels of performance [L'agriculture irriguée dans le Sahel ouest-africain :Diversité des pratiques et des performances]	Barbier B., Ouedraogo H., Dembélé Y., Yacouba H., Barry B., Jamin J.-Y.	2011	Cahiers Agricultures	20	42371	10.1684/agr.2011.0475	Cirad, UMR G-Eau, 01 BP 596 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Cirad, UMR G-Eau, 73, rue Jean-François Breton TA C-90/15, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France; GVEA, 01 BP 594 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Arid s/c 2iE, 01 BP 594 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Inera, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso; IWMI, PMB CT 112, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana	Barbier, B., Cirad, UMR G-Eau, 01 BP 596 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso, Cirad, UMR G-Eau, 73, rue Jean-François Breton TA C-90/15, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France, GVEA, 01 BP 594 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Ouedraogo, H., Arid s/c 2iE, 01 BP 594 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Dembélé, Y., Inera, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso; Yacouba, H., GVEA, 01 BP 594 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Barry, B., IWMI, PMB CT 112, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana; Jamin, J.-Y., Cirad, UMR G-Eau, 73, rue Jean-François Breton TA C-90/15, 34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France	Irrigation in SahelianWest African countries covers a wide variety of systems and practices. In this paper, we discuss various technical and managerial options including free or controlled submersion, improved inland valleys, flood recession cropping, and full control in small and large irrigation schemes through a classification developed by national experts in five Sahelian countries. Governments are currently promoting two strategies. One is based on large schemes, with foreign or national private investment. The other is based on small private irrigation approches.Water constraints are not very strongly taken into account, as the priority is to develop new schemes in order to reach food security for fast growing cities.	Irrigation methods; Sahel; Water management	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-41549130056	The role of the firm and owner characteristics on the performance of agritourism farms	Barbieri C., Mshenga P.M.	2008	Sociologia Ruralis	48	2	10.1111/j.1467-9523.2008.00450.x	Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Missouri 105 Anheuser-Busch Natural Res. Bldg., Columbia, MO 65211, United States; Department of Agriculture Economics and Agribusiness Management, Egerton University, Box 536, Njoro 20107, Kenya	Barbieri, C., Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Missouri 105 Anheuser-Busch Natural Res. Bldg., Columbia, MO 65211, United States; Mshenga, P.M., Department of Agriculture Economics and Agribusiness Management, Egerton University, Box 536, Njoro 20107, Kenya	This article investigates the role of firm and owner characteristics on the gross income of farms engaged in agritourism. The findings indicate that the length of time in business, the number of employees and the farm acreage have a positive impact on performance in terms of annual gross sales of agritourism farms. Owners of farms with greater annual gross sales than the rest are male or white or their main occupation is farming. The age of the farmer has an inverse relationship on gross sales. Other characteristics including location, if it is a working farm, whether the operator had business and marketing plans, sources of start-up capital and the entrepreneur's education level did not have a significant relationship on the performance of these farms. © Journal Compilation © 2008 European Society for Rural Sociology.	None	age; agricultural performance; agricultural worker; farm; firm ownership; occupation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901061068	Koch's postulate in reproduction of broiler coccidiosis by co-infection with eight most common Eimeria spp.: A model for future evaluation of new biologics	Barbour E.K., Ayyash D.B., Shaib H., Bragg R.R., Azhar E., Iyer A., Harakeh S., Kambris Z., Kumosani T.	2014	International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine	12	1	None	Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon; Biochemistry Department, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Special Infectious Agents Unit - Biosafety Level 3, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry Department, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Biology Dept, American University of Beirut, Lebanon	Barbour, E.K., Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon, Biochemistry Department, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Ayyash, D.B., Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon; Shaib, H., Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon; Bragg, R.R., Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Azhar, E., Special Infectious Agents Unit - Biosafety Level 3, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Iyer, A., Biochemistry Department, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Harakeh, S., Special Infectious Agents Unit - Biosafety Level 3, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Kambris, Z., Biology Dept, American University of Beirut, Lebanon; Kumosani, T., Biochemistry Department, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia	The purpose of this research is to establish a model of Koch's postulate for reproducing coccidiosis in broilers by co-infection with eight most common Eimeria spp. involved in this economic disease, in an attempt to use this model in future evaluation of new controlling biologics. Four groups of broilers each challenged at a different age (14, 21, 28, and 35 d) with an equivalent number of sporulated oocysts of eight Eimeria spp. had a reduction in their mean weight gain of 10.2% compared to the four parallel control groups of birds that were deprived of the challenge. The mean feed to live body weight conversion ratio increased significantly from 1.5 in the four unchallengedcontrol groups to 3.1 in the four challenged groups (P<0.05). The mean frequency of mortality increased up to 15% in the challenged groups in comparison to 5% in the controls. This higher mortality was associated in most challenged groups with significant increase in the mean lesion scores and mean oocyst count in the intestine compared to those observed in the controls. The benefit of this established model of Koch's postulate for reproducing coccidiosis in broilers, in future search of new controlling biologics, will be presented.	Chicken; Eimeria spp.; Koch's postulate; Lesions; Oocyst count; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751526274	Testing antecedents to sales performance in postapartheid era: A field study	Barbuto Jr. J.E., Barbuto L., De La Rey P., Boshoff A.B., Ye X.	2006	Psychological Reports	99	2	10.2466/PR0.99.2.603-618	University of Nebraska, Lincoln, United States; Future Leadership Consulting; University of Pretoria, South Africa; Stellenbosch University, South Africa; 306 Ag Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0709, United States	Barbuto Jr., J.E., University of Nebraska, Lincoln, United States, 306 Ag Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0709, United States; Barbuto, L., Future Leadership Consulting; De La Rey, P., University of Pretoria, South Africa; Boshoff, A.B., Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Ye, X., University of Nebraska, Lincoln, United States	The predictors of objectively measured sales performance were assessed with 245 sales representatives from a large South African life insurance company. Sales representatives completed measures of their locus of control, entrepreneurial attitudes, biographical history, and performance was assessed from company records of sales, net commissions earned, and lapse ratios. The nature of employment contract, job status, and race explained significant differences in performance outcomes. The predictive nature of locus of control and entrepreneurial attitudes for performance outcomes was tested using structural equation modeling procedures, with limited validity. The implications for research and practice are also discussed. © Psychological Reports 2006.	None	achievement; adult; article; attitude; Caucasian; commercial phenomena; control; female; human; income; insurance; male; middle aged; Negro; personnel management; policy; psychological aspect; self concept; social problem; South Africa; statistics; Achievement; Adult; African Continental Ancestry Group; Attitude; Commerce; Employee Performance Appraisal; Entrepreneurship; European Continental Ancestry Group; Female; Humans; Income; Insurance, Life; Internal-External Control; Male; Middle Aged; Public Policy; Race Relations; Self Concept; South Africa	None
None	None	Collective action initiatives to improve marketing performance: Lessons from farmer groups in Tanzania	Barham J., Chitemi C.	2009	Food Policy	34	1	10.1016/j.foodpol.2008.10.002	Department of Agriculture, Marketing Services Branch, Washington, DC, United States; Faida Market Link Company Limited, Arusha, Tanzania	Barham, J., Department of Agriculture, Marketing Services Branch, Washington, DC, United States; Chitemi, C., Faida Market Link Company Limited, Arusha, Tanzania	This study aims to examine the extent to which certain characteristics and asset endowments of smallholder farmer groups facilitate collective action initiatives to improve group marketing performance. This is approached through an evaluation of a government-led programme in Tanzania, which is attempting to increase smallholder farmers' incomes and food security through a market-oriented intervention. Findings suggest that more mature groups with strong internal institutions, functioning group activities, and a good asset base of natural capital are more likely to improve their market situation. Gender composition of groups also affects group marketing performance, as an enabling factor for male-dominated groups. Structural social capital in the form of membership in other groups and ties to external service providers, and cognitive social capital in the form of intra-group trust and altruistic behaviour are not significant factors in a group's ability to improve its market situation.	Agricultural marketing; Collective action; Farmer groups; Planned change initiatives; Social capital; Tanzania	collective action; farming system; food market; institutional framework; marketing; performance assessment; smallholder; social capital; state role; Africa; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956637244	Operational evaluation of a service for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in rural Uganda: Barriers to uptake of single-dose nevirapine and the role of birth reporting	Barigye H., Levin J., Maher D., Tindiwegi G., Atuhumuza E., Nakibinge S., Grosskurth H.	2010	Tropical Medicine and International Health	15	10	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02609.x	MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO 49, Entebbe, Uganda; School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom	Barigye, H., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Levin, J., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO 49, Entebbe, Uganda, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Maher, D., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Tindiwegi, G., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Atuhumuza, E., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Nakibinge, S., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Grosskurth, H., MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, PO 49, Entebbe, Uganda, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom	OBJECTIVES: To determine factors associated with pregnant women being HIV positive, barriers to the uptake of single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP) for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and feasibility and effectiveness of reporting HIV-exposed infants born in facilities with no PMTCT services so as to receive NVP. METHODS: From 2002 to 2007, a sdNVP PMTCT service was implemented in 53 rural villages of south-west Uganda. Twenty-five of them were HIV-surveillance study villages. The proportions of mothers testing positive and mother and newborns receiving and ingesting sdNVP and associated factors were determined. RESULTS: Women with incomplete primary or no education, aged 25-34 years or not living with their partners were at increased risk of being HIV infected. Seventy-seven percentage of pregnant women with HIV (PWH) received therapy. Of the 63 PWH who received therapy and had surviving live births, only 39 (62%) reported births and received newborn prophylaxis within 72 h. Women were more likely to collect and ingest NVP if they were from study villages, preferred home administration of newborn NVP or presented at a more advanced stage of pregnancy. Newborns were more likely to be reported and receive NVP if mothers were aged 25-34 years, on antiretroviral therapy (ART) or came from study villages. CONCLUSIONS: The uptake of PMTCT services was unacceptably low. Asking PWH with less advanced pregnancies to return to collect NVP leads to missed opportunities especially if PWH are less educated. Birth reporting enabled the programme to provide NVP to some infants who otherwise would have missed. Antenatal, delivery and PMTCT services should be integrated. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	birth; nevirapine; prevention of mother-to-child transmission; reporting	nevirapine; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; nevirapine; child health; disease control; disease transmission; drug; educational attainment; human immunodeficiency virus; pregnancy; rural area; academic achievement; adult; antiviral therapy; article; female; health service; health survey; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection prevention; live birth; newborn; patient compliance; prophylaxis; single drug dose; survival rate; Uganda; virus transmission; cohort analysis; evaluation study; HIV Infections; medication compliance; pregnancy; prevention and control; procedures; register; rural population; transmission; utilization; vertical transmission; young adult; Uganda; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Cohort Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Maternal Health Services; Medication Adherence; Nevirapine; Population Surveillance; Pregnancy; Registries; Rural Population; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-13444305415	Studies on bambara groundnut flour performance in Okpa preparation	Barimalaa I.S., Agoha G., Oboh C.A., Kiin-Kabari D.B.	2005	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	85	3	10.1002/jsfa.1996	Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Rivers State Univ. Sci. and Technol., PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Barimalaa, I.S., Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Rivers State Univ. Sci. and Technol., PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Agoha, G., Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Rivers State Univ. Sci. and Technol., PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Oboh, C.A., Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Rivers State Univ. Sci. and Technol., PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Kiin-Kabari, D.B., Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Rivers State Univ. Sci. and Technol., PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Bambara groundnut flours of different particle sizes were prepared after bean seeds had been cold-soaked and/or germinated, dried, milled and sieved. The flours were used to prepare okpa (local dish prepared by steaming mashed bambara groundnut) and their sensory properties determined. Viscosity of the flour pastes, before steaming, were also determined. Results showed that bambara groundnut flours from both germinated and cold-soaked beans could be used in preparing good quality okpa and, therefore, remove all the problems involved in preparing the raw beans for okpa-making as is done traditionally. Particle size appeared to play a major role in obtaining good okpa; therefore flours intended for okpa preparation should be such that 66, 86 and 96%, respectively, of cold-soaked bean flour or 58, 78 and 91%, respectively, of germinated bean flour, after 1, 3 and 5 milling passes, should be in the particle range 1.5-4.5 × 10-4 m. Slightly higher amounts of the coarse (6.0 × 10~4m) particles are needed in the germinated bean flours to compensate for the breakdown of starch and proteins, the gelling agents in bambara groundnut. © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry.	Bambara groundnut flour; Okpa preparation; Particle size	Arachis hypogaea; Phaseolus (angiosperm)	None
WoS	WOS:000282120600024	Educational impact of a hospital-based neonatal resuscitation program in Ghana	Barker, Pierre,Bookman, Laurel,Engmann, Cyril,Enweronu-Laryea, Christabel,Owen, Medge,Price, Wayne,Randolph, Greg,Srofenyoh, Emmanuel	2010	RESUSCITATION	81	9	10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.04.034	Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Wake Forest University, Korle Bu Teaching Hosp, Ridge Reg Hosp	"Barker, Pierre: University of North Carolina","Barker, Pierre: University of North Carolina Chapel Hill","Bookman, Laurel: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","Engmann, Cyril: University of North Carolina","Engmann, Cyril: University of North Carolina Chapel Hill","Owen, Medge: Wake Forest University","Price, Wayne: University of North Carolina","Price, Wayne: University of North Carolina Chapel Hill","Randolph, Greg: University of North Carolina","Randolph, Greg: University of North Carolina Chapel Hill",	Aim of the study: To assess midwives' baseline cognitive knowledge of evidence-based neonatal resuscitation practices, and short- and long-term educational effects of teaching a neonatal resuscitation program in a hospital setting in West Africa. Methods: All midwives (n = 14) on the labor ward at Ridge Hospital in Ghana were trained using materials modified from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP). This training program included didactic and practical teaching and was assessed by direct observation within delivery rooms and written pre- and post-test evaluations. Written and practical modules 9-12 months after the initial training session were also conducted to assess retention of NRP knowledge and skills. Results: Fourteen midwives received NRP training on the labor ward. Both written and practical evaluation of neonatal resuscitation skills increased after training. The percentage of items answered correctly on the written examination increased from 56% pre-training to 71% post-training (p &lt;0.01). The percentage of items performed correctly on the practical evaluation of skills increased from 58% pre-training to 81% (p &lt;0.01). These results were sustained 9-12 months after the initial training session. Conclusion: After receiving NRP training, neonatal resuscitation knowledge and skills increased among midwives in a hospital in West Africa and were sustained over a 9-month period. This finding demonstrates the sustained effectiveness of a modified neonatal resuscitation training program in a resource constrained setting. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	GHANA,"Hospital-based educational program","international outreach","neonatal resuscitation program",COURSES,MORTALITY,"PEDIATRIC RESIDENTS","PERINATAL ASPHYXIA"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33744929627	Traditional healers, treatment delay, performance status and death from TB in rural South Africa	Barker R.D., Millard F.J.C., Malatsi J., Mkoana L., Ngoatwana T., Agarawal S., De Valliere S.	2006	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	10	6	None	Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Jane Furse Memorial Hospital, Jane Furse, Limpopo Province, South Africa; Division of Infectious Diseases, St. Louis University Hospital, St. Louis, MI, United States; Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's College Hospital, Bessemer Rd, London SE5 9PJ, United Kingdom	Barker, R.D., Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom, Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's College Hospital, Bessemer Rd, London SE5 9PJ, United Kingdom; Millard, F.J.C., Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Malatsi, J., Jane Furse Memorial Hospital, Jane Furse, Limpopo Province, South Africa; Mkoana, L., Jane Furse Memorial Hospital, Jane Furse, Limpopo Province, South Africa; Ngoatwana, T., Jane Furse Memorial Hospital, Jane Furse, Limpopo Province, South Africa; Agarawal, S., Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; De Valliere, S., Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom, Jane Furse Memorial Hospital, Jane Furse, Limpopo Province, South Africa, Division of Infectious Diseases, St. Louis University Hospital, St. Louis, MI, United States, Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's College Hospital, Bessemer Rd, London SE5 9PJ, United Kingdom	BACKGROUND: People in sub-Saharan Africa frequently consult traditional healers before reaching the government health services (GHS). This can lead to delays in starting effective anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. To our knowledge, no studies have shown a direct relationship between visiting traditional healers, increased morbidity and death from TB. METHODS: All patients starting on anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy at a rural hospital in South Africa in 2003 were included in the study. TB nurses interviewed the patients and established how long they had had symptoms before treatment was started, whether they had visited traditional healers before coming to the hospital, their performance status and, later, whether they had died. RESULTS: Of 133 patients, those who attended a traditional healer took longer to access anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy (median 90 days, range 0-210) than those who went directly to the GHS (median 21, range 0-120). Patients who visited a traditional healer had worse performance status (P < 0.001), and were more likely to die (24/77 [31%] vs. 4/33 [12%], P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Treatment delay due to visiting traditional healers can have dire consequences for patients with TB. Efforts are required to engage with health care practitioners outside the government sector to improve the prospects for patients with TB. © 2006 The Union.	Death; Karnofsky performance status; Sub-Saharan Africa; TB; Traditional medicine; Treatment	adolescent; adult; aged; article; female; health service; health status; human; major clinical study; male; priority journal; therapy delay; traditional medicine; tuberculosis; Humans; Medicine, Traditional; Rural Health; South Africa; Time Factors; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867506400	The diagnostic performance of the GenoType MTBDRplus version 2 line probe assay is equivalent to that of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay	Barnard M., Gey Van Pittius N.C., Van Helden P.D., Bosman M., Coetzee G., Warren R.M.	2012	Journal of Clinical Microbiology	50	11	10.1128/JCM.01958-12	National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Green Point, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; National TB Reference Laboratory, NHLS, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa	Barnard, M., National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Green Point, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Gey Van Pittius, N.C., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Van Helden, P.D., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Bosman, M., National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Green Point, Cape Town, South Africa; Coetzee, G., National TB Reference Laboratory, NHLS, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa; Warren, R.M., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Molecular diagnostics for Mycobacterium tuberculosis have recently been endorsed by the World Health Organization. The Xpert MTB/RIF assay was endorsed for use on patient material, regardless of smear gradation, while the GenoType MTBDRplus (version 1) has been limited for use on smear-positive patient material. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF and GenoType MTBDRplus (version 2) assays on smear-positive and smear-negative patient specimens submitted to a high-throughput diagnostic laboratory. A total of 282 consecutive specimens were subjected to the two new molecular assays, and their performance characteristics were assessed relative to the routine diagnostic standard. Both assays showed similar diagnostic performance characteristics. The sensitivities of the GenoType MTBDRplus (v2.0) and Xpert MTB/RIF assays for the detection of culture-positive M. tuberculosis were 73.1% and 71.2%, respectively, while the specificities of both assays were 100%. Both assays were able to diagnose the presence of M. tuberculosis in 57 to 58% of smear-negative cases, suggesting that the performance characteristics were dependent on bacillary load. The detection of M. tuberculosis in culture-negative specimens confirmed that molecular assays should not be used for treatment monitoring. The sensitivity and specificity for rifampin resistance detection were 100% in both assays; however, the GenoType MTBDRplus (v2.0) assay provided additional information on isoniazid susceptibility. The GenoType MTBDRplus (v2.0) assay will complement the Xpert MTB/RIF screening assay by validating rifampin susceptibility and providing information on isoniazid susceptibility. In addition, the GenoType MTBDRplus (v2.0) assay will provide pharmacogenetic information that may be critical in guiding appropriate treatment. Copyright © 2012, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	isoniazid; rifampicin; analytical equipment; antibiotic resistance; antibiotic sensitivity; article; bacterium detection; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; diagnostic value; laboratory; microbiological examination; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; predictive value; priority journal; screening; sensitivity and specificity; tuberculosis; Bacteriological Techniques; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Genotype; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tuberculosis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864804213	The impact of health behaviour change intervention on indoor air pollution indicators in the rural North West Province, South Africa	Barnes B., Mathee A., Thomas E.	2011	Journal of Energy in Southern Africa	22	3	None	School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Faculty of Arts and Human Sciences - Urban, Environmental, and Leisure Studies, London South Bank University, United Kingdom; Environment and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council of South Africa, South Africa; Medical Research Council of South Africa based at the Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Barnes, B., School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, Faculty of Arts and Human Sciences - Urban, Environmental, and Leisure Studies, London South Bank University, United Kingdom; Mathee, A., Environment and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council of South Africa, South Africa; Thomas, E., Medical Research Council of South Africa based at the Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Indoor air pollution has been associated with a number of health outcomes including child lower respiratory infections such as pneumonia. Behavioural change has been promoted as a potential intervention strategy but very little evidence exists of the impact of such strategies on actual indoor air pollution indicators particularly in poor rural contexts. The aim of this study was to evaluate a community counselling intervention on stationary levels of PM10 and carbon monoxide (CO) as well as CO measured on children younger than five. Using a quasi-experimental design, baseline data was collected in an intervention (n=36) and a control (n=38) community; the intervention was implemented in the intervention community only; and follow-up data was collected one year later amongst the same households. Despite the fact that indoor air pollution was reduced in both communities, the intervention group performed significantly better than the control group when stratified by burning location. The net median reductions associated with the intervention were: PM10=57%, CO=31% and CO (child)=33% amongst households that burned indoor fires. The study provides tentative evidence that a health behaviour change is associated with reductions in child indoor air pollution exposure. The intervention is relatively inexpensive and easy to replicate. However, more powerful epidemiological studies are needed to determine the impact on health outcomes.	Child respiratory health; Health behaviour; Indoor air pollution; North West Province; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350004832	Impact of the large-scale deployment of artemether/lumefantrine on the malaria disease burden in Africa: Case studies of South Africa, Zambia and Ethiopia	Barnes K.I., Chanda P., Ab Barnabas G.	2009	Malaria Journal	8	SUPPL. 1	10.1186/1475-2875-8-S1-S8	Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, South Africa; Ministry of Health, Department of Public Health and Research, P.O. Box 30205, Lusaka, Zambia; Tigray Health Bureau, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia	Barnes, K.I., Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, South Africa; Chanda, P., Ministry of Health, Department of Public Health and Research, P.O. Box 30205, Lusaka, Zambia; Ab Barnabas, G., Tigray Health Bureau, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia	Malaria is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Every year, nearly one million deaths result from malaria infection. Malaria can be controlled in endemic countries by using artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in combination with indoor residual spraying (IRS) and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). At least 40 malaria-endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa now recommend the use of ACT as first-line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria as a cornerstone of their malaria case management. The scaling up of malaria control strategies in Zambia has dramatically reduced the burden of malaria. Zambia was the first African country to adopt artemether/lumefantrine (AL; Coartem®) as first-line therapy in national malaria treatment guidelines in 2002. Further, the vector control with IRS and ITNs was also scaled up. By 2008, the rates of in-patient malaria cases and deaths decreased by 61% and 66%, respectively, compared with the 2001-2002 reference period. Treatment with AL as first-line therapy against a malaria epidemic in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa, in combination with strengthening of vector control, caused the number of malaria-related outpatient cases and hospital admissions to each fall by 99% from 2001 to 2003, and malaria-related deaths decreased by 97% over the same period. A prospective study also showed that gametocyte development was prevented in all patients receiving AL. This reduction in malaria morbidity has been sustained over the past seven years. AL was introduced as first-line anti-malarial treatment in 2004 in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. During a major malaria epidemic from May-October 2005, the district in which local community health workers were operating had half the rate of malaria-related deaths compared with the district in which AL was only available in state health facilities. Over the two-year study period, the community-based deployment of AL significantly lowered the risk of malaria-specific mortality by 37%. Additionally, the malaria parasite reservoir was three-fold lower in the intervention district than in the control district during the 2005 high-transmission season. Artemisinin-based combination therapy has made a substantial contribution to reducing the burden of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. © 2009 Barnes et al.	None	artemether plus benflumetol; antimalarial agent; artemisinin derivative; ethanolamine derivative; fluorene derivative; article; bed net; cost effectiveness analysis; endemic disease; Ethiopia; gametocyte; hospital admission; human; malaria; malaria control; malaria falciparum; morbidity; mortality; outpatient; parasite transmission; pesticide spraying; practice guideline; prospective study; scale up; South Africa; vector control; Zambia; zoonosis; Africa; drug combination; review; Africa; Antimalarials; Artemisinins; Drug Combinations; Ethanolamines; Fluorenes; Humans; Malaria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870186913	Guide to groundwater monitoring for the coal industry	Barnes M.R., Vermeulen P.D.	2012	Water SA	38	5	10.4314/wsa.v38i5.25	Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Barnes, M.R., Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Vermeulen, P.D., Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	It is well established in literature that the environmental impacts associated with the coal industry are numerous. In respect of South Africa's groundwater resources the major impact of the coal industry is a reduction in groundwater quantity and quality. There is therefore a need to proactively prevent or minimise these potential impacts through long-term protection and improved water management practices. One such initiative is to implement monitoring programmes in various sectors of the coal industry for groundwater quality and quantity. Groundwater monitoring requires sophisticated interlinked stages which are often overlooked or not fully understood. Consequently a methodical approach must be undertaken in order to have an effective and economical groundwater monitoring system. This paper provides a comprehensive guide to the establishment of a groundwater monitoring programme for environmental practitioners in the coal industry. An inclusive 7-stage methodology is presented describing the different stages of establishing a groundwater monitoring programme, focusing on the 'why', 'how', and 'who' of groundwater monitoring.	Acid mine drainage; Borehole construction; Coal industry; Conceptual model; Drilling methods; Environmental impact; Geophysics; Monitoring programme; Risk assessment; Water management	Acid mine drainage; Conceptual model; Drilling methods; Ground-water qualities; Groundwater monitoring; Management practices; Methodical approach; Monitoring programmes; Potential impacts; South Africa; Coal industry; Environmental impact; Geophysics; Monitoring; Risk assessment; Water management; Water quality; Groundwater; acid mine drainage; borehole; coal industry; conceptual framework; drilling; environmental impact; geophysics; groundwater resource; qualitative analysis; quantitative analysis; risk assessment; water management; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926523813	Examining the impact of shade on above-ground biomass and normalized difference vegetation index of C3 and C4 grass species in North-Western NSW, Australia	Barnes P., Wilson B.R., Reid N., Bayerlein L., Koen T.B., Olupot G.	2015	Grass and Forage Science	70	2	10.1111/gfs.12118	School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia; NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, Armidale, NSW, Australia; UNE Business School, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia; NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, Cowra, NSW, Australia; Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Barnes, P., School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia, NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, Armidale, NSW, Australia; Wilson, B.R., School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia, NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, Armidale, NSW, Australia; Reid, N., School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia; Bayerlein, L., UNE Business School, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia; Koen, T.B., NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, Cowra, NSW, Australia; Olupot, G., School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia, Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Previous investigations have detected a directional trend in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of pastures around scattered paddock trees and identified shade from the tree as the most likely causal factor. This study uses a field experiment to quantify the effect of varying levels of shade on the above-ground biomass and NDVI of three grass species native to Australia (Microlaena stipoides, C3, shade tolerant; Austrodanthonia richardsonii, C3, prefers full sunlight, and Chloris ventricosa, C4, prefers full sunlight) in different seasons. The study demonstrates that shade had little influence on the above-ground biomass of C3 species but significantly reduced biomass in the C4 species. Until early winter, the NDVI of each species was generally significantly higher in all shaded treatments than in the no-shade treatment. This suggests that shaded plants retained a higher proportion of green biomass and/or changed leaf shape, increased leaf area and chlorophyll content. Regardless, although not proven in this experiment, it is likely shade prolonged the retention of green plant material into mid to late winter. Overall, this experiment explains the directional trends in NDVI around scattered trees found in previous work and suggests that shade from scattered trees prolongs green pasture production in a range of native grass species, without loss of C3 pasture biomass. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	Grass phenology; NDVI; Scattered trees; Shade experiment	Austrodanthonia richardsonii; Chloris ventricosa; Microlaena stipoides; Viridiplantae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894052408	Prediction based channel allocation performance for cognitive radio	Barnes S.D., Maharaj B.T.	2014	AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications	68	4	10.1016/j.aeue.2013.09.009	Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Barnes, S.D., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Maharaj, B.T., Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	The interdependency, in a cognitive radio (CR) network, of spectrum sensing, occupancy modelling, channel switching and secondary user (SU) performance, is investigated. Achievable SU data throughput and primary user (PU) disruption rate have been examined for both theoretical test data as well as data obtained from real-world spectrum measurements done in Pretoria, South Africa. A channel switching simulator was developed to investigate SU performance, where a hidden Markov model (HMM) was employed to model and predict PU behaviour, from which proactive channel allocations could be made. Results show that CR performance may be improved if PU behaviour is accurately modelled, since accurate prediction allows the SU to make proactive channel switching decisions. It is further shown that a trade-off may exist between achievable SU throughput and average PU disruption rate. When using the prediction model, significant performance improvements, particularly under heavy traffic density conditions, of up to double the SU throughput and half the PU disruption rate were observed. Results obtained from a measurement campaign were comparable with those obtained from theoretical occupancy data, with an average similarity score of 95% for prediction accuracy, 90% for SU throughput and 70% for PU disruption rate. © 2013 Elsevier GmbH.	Channel switching; Cognitive radio; Occupancy modelling; Secondary user performance; Spectrum measurements	None	National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875046791	Efficacy evaluation of flavored combination parasiticide tablets in a laboratory study for the removal of natural Dipylidium caninum (tapeworm) infections in dogs	Barnett S., King S., Kok D., Luempert L.	2013	International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine	11	1	None	Novartis Animal Health US, Inc., 3200 Northline Ave., Suite 300, Greensboro NC 27408, United States; ClinVet International (Pty) Ltd., PO Box 11186, Universitas, 9321, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Barnett, S., Novartis Animal Health US, Inc., 3200 Northline Ave., Suite 300, Greensboro NC 27408, United States; King, S., Novartis Animal Health US, Inc., 3200 Northline Ave., Suite 300, Greensboro NC 27408, United States; Kok, D., ClinVet International (Pty) Ltd., PO Box 11186, Universitas, 9321, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Luempert, L., Novartis Animal Health US, Inc., 3200 Northline Ave., Suite 300, Greensboro NC 27408, United States	A pivotal blinded laboratory study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of two novel formulations of flavored combination tablets against Dipylidium caninum in naturally infected dogs. One formulation was a 3-way combination of the active ingredients praziquantel, milbemycin oxime and lufenuron; the other was a 2-way combination of praziquantel and milbemycin oxime, both administered orally. The study also included a negative control group that received Sentinel ® Flavor Tabs® (milbemycin oxime and lufenuron) and a placebo control group that received vehicle placebo tablets. Each treatment or control group consisted of 10 dogs and the study was conducted in two phases. Dogs were housed in individual pens from Day -14 until necropsy on Day 12. The selection of study animals was based on infection with D. caninum as demonstrated by shed proglottids once before and once during the 14-day acclimatization period. Microfilaria tests were conducted on blood samples collected during acclimatization and only heartworm negative dogs were enrolled in the study. Dogs were blocked by weight and randomly assigned to treatment groups. Male and female animals were represented within every treatment group. Dogs in all groups were treated once on Day 0, within approximately 30 minutes of ingesting a full meal, and observed hourly for the first six hours post-treatment, and then again at 8, 10, 12, 18 and 24 hours post-treatment to determine acute tolerance. General health observations were performed daily for the duration of the study. Dogs were euthanized on Day 12 and the intestines were examined for the presence of D. caninum. One dog in the vehicle placebo group was removed from the trial on Day 6 due to ehrlichiosis. Tapeworms were recovered from 18 of 20 control dogs while no tapeworms were found in any of the dogs that received either the 3-way or 2-way combination tablets, which contained praziquantel. Therefore, the efficacy against naturally acquired D. caninum infection was 100% for both the 3-way and the 2-way combination tablets. Clinical abnormalities were confined to self-limiting gastrointestinal signs observed in both treatment and control groups.	Dipylidium caninum; Praziquantel; Tapeworm	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865710126	Assessing the population health impact of market interventions to improve access to antiretroviral treatment	Bärnighausen T., Kyle M., Salomon J.A., Waning B.	2012	Health Policy and Planning	27	6	10.1093/heapol/czr058	Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba 3935, South Africa; Toulouse School of Economics, Toulouse, France; Centre for Economic Policy Research, London, United Kingdom; Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States; UNITAID, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Family Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States; Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands	Bärnighausen, T., Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba 3935, South Africa; Kyle, M., Toulouse School of Economics, Toulouse, France, Centre for Economic Policy Research, London, United Kingdom; Salomon, J.A., Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States, Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States; Waning, B., UNITAID, Geneva, Switzerland, Department of Family Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands	Despite extraordinary global progress in increasing coverage of antiretroviral treatment (ART), the majority of people needing ART currently are not receiving treatment. Both the number of people needing ART and the average ART price per patient-year are expected to increase in coming years, which will dramatically raise funding needs for ART. Several international organizations are using interventions in ART markets to decrease ART price or to improve ART quality, delivery and innovation, with the ultimate goal of improving population health. These organizations need to select those market interventions that are most likely to substantially affect population health outcomes (ex ante assessment) and to evaluate whether implemented interventions have improved health outcomes (ex post assessment).We develop a framework to structure ex ante and ex post assessment of the population health impact of market interventions, which is transmitted through effects in markets and health systems. Ex ante assessment should include evaluation of the safety and efficacy of the ART products whose markets will be affected by the intervention; theoretical consideration of the mechanisms through which the intervention will affect population health; and predictive modelling to estimate the potential population health impact of the intervention. For ex post assessment, analysts need to consider which outcomes to estimate empirically and which to model based on empirical findings and understanding of the economic and biological mechanisms along the causal pathway from market intervention to population health. We discuss methods for ex post assessment and analyse assessment issues (unintended intervention effects, interaction effects between different interventions, and assessment impartiality and cost). We offer seven recommendations for ex ante and ex post assessment of population health impact of market interventions. © The Author 2011; all rights reserved.	Antiretroviral treatment; assessment; market intervention	antiretrovirus agent; article; economics; health care delivery; health survey; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; methodology; organization and management; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Health Services Accessibility; HIV Infections; Humans; Population Surveillance	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864482374	HIV treatment as prevention: Issues in economic evaluation	Bärnighausen T., Salomon J.A., Sangrujee N.	2012	PLoS Medicine	9	7	10.1371/journal.pmed.1001263	Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States	Bärnighausen, T., Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Salomon, J.A., Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Sangrujee, N., Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States	Meyer-Rath and Over assert in another article in the July 2012 PLoS Medicine Collection, "Investigating the Impact of Treatment on New HIV Infections", that economic evaluations of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in currently existing programs and in HIV treatment as prevention (TasP) programs should use cost functions that capture cost dependence on a number of factors, such as scale and scope of delivery, health states, ART regimens, health workers' experience, patients' time on treatment, and the distribution of delivery across public and private sectors. We argue that for particular evaluation purposes (e.g., to establish the social value of TasP) and from particular perspectives (e.g., national health policy makers) less detailed cost functions may be sufficient. We then extend the discussion of economic evaluation of TasP, describing why ART outcomes and costs assessed in currently existing programs are unlikely to be generalizable to TasP programs for several fundamental reasons. First, to achieve frequent, widespread HIV testing and high uptake of ART immediately following an HIV diagnosis, TasP programs will require components that are not present in current ART programs and whose costs are not included in current estimates. Second, the early initiation of ART under TasP will change not only patients' disease courses and treatment experiences-which can affect behaviors that determine clinical treatment success, such as ART adherence and retention-but also quality of life and economic outcomes for HIV-infected individuals. Third, the preventive effects of TasP are likely to alter the composition of the HIV-infected population over time, changing its biological and behavioral characteristics and leading to different costs and outcomes for ART.	None	antiretrovirus agent; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; cost effectiveness analysis; disease course; economic development; economic evaluation; health care policy; health program; HIV test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; incidence; mortality; quality of life; treatment outcome; virus transmission; cost; economics; evaluation; highly active antiretroviral therapy; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; review; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Costs and Cost Analysis; Evaluation Studies as Topic; HIV Infections; Humans; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79954481963	The role of emotions on pacing strategies and performance in middle and long duration sport events	Baron B., Moullan F., Deruelle F., Noakes T.D.	2011	British Journal of Sports Medicine	45	6	10.1136/bjsm.2009.059964	Centre Universitaire de Recherches en Activités Physiques et Sportives, Département STAPS, Faculté des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Le Tampon, France; Laboratoire d'Etudes de la Motricité Humaine, Faculté des Sciences du Sport et de l'EP, Université de Lille 2, Ronchin, France; MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa; Département STAPS, Université de La Réunion, 117 rue du Général Ailleret, 97430 Le Tampon, France	Baron, B., Centre Universitaire de Recherches en Activités Physiques et Sportives, Département STAPS, Faculté des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Le Tampon, France, Département STAPS, Université de La Réunion, 117 rue du Général Ailleret, 97430 Le Tampon, France; Moullan, F., Centre Universitaire de Recherches en Activités Physiques et Sportives, Département STAPS, Faculté des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Le Tampon, France; Deruelle, F., Laboratoire d'Etudes de la Motricité Humaine, Faculté des Sciences du Sport et de l'EP, Université de Lille 2, Ronchin, France; Noakes, T.D., MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa	The pacing strategy may be defined as the process in which the total energy expenditure during exercise is regulated on a moment-to-moment basis in order to ensure that the exercise bout can be completed in a minimum time and without a catastrophic biological failure. Experienced athletes develop a stable template of the power outputs they are able to sustain for different durations of exercise, but it is not known how they originally develop this template or how that template changes with training and experience. While it is understood that the athlete's physiological state makes an important contribution to this process, there has been much less interest in the contribution that the athlete's emotional status makes. The aim of this review is to evaluate the literature of physiological, neurophysiological and perceptual responses during exercise in order to propose a complex model interpretation of this process which may be a critical factor determining success in middle-and longduration sporting competitions. We describe unconscious/physiological and conscious/emotional mechanisms of control, the focus of which are to ensure that exercise terminates before catastrophic failure occurs in any bodily system. We suggest that training sessions teach the athlete to select optimal pacing strategies by associating a level of emotion with the ability to maintain that pace for exercise of different durations. That pacing strategy is then adopted in future events. Finally, we propose novel perspectives to maximise performance and to avoid overtraining by paying attention also to the emotional state in training process.	None	arousal; athletic performance; central nervous system; ego development; emotion; energy metabolism; exercise; homeostasis; human; memory; motivation; physiology; psychological aspect; review; sport; Arousal; Athletic Performance; Central Nervous System; Emotions; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Homeostasis; Humans; Memory; Motivation; Sports; Unconscious (Psychology)	None
WoS	WOS:000266934700001	Evaluation of uptake and attitude to voluntary counseling and testing among health care professional students in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania	Barongo, Longin R.,Charles, Mgosha P.,Kweka, Eliningaya J.,Lowassa, Asanterabi,Mahande, Aneth M.,Mahande, Michael J.,Nkya, Hassan M.,Shekalaghe, Seif	2009	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	9	None	10.1186/1471-2458-9-128	University of Rwanda, Natl AIDS Control Programme Div, Tanzania Wildlife Res Inst, Trop Pesticides Res Inst, Tumaini Univ	"Barongo, Longin R.: University of Rwanda",	Background: Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) is a corner stone for successful implementation of prevention, care and support services among HIV negative and positive individuals. VCT is also perceived to be an effective strategy in risk reduction among sexually active young people.. This study aimed to assess the acceptability of VCT and its actual uptake among young health care professional students at KCM College of Tumaini University and Allied health schools. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A structured questionnaire was used among health care professional students aged 18-25 years who were enrolled in degrees, diplomas and certificates courses at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College and all other Allied health schools Results: A total of 309 students were recruited, among these 197 (63.8%) were females. All respondents were aware of the benefits of VCT. Only 107 (34.6%) of students have had VCT done previously. About 59 (19.1%) of the students had negative for health care professional to attend VCT. Risk perception among the students was low (37.2%) even though they were found to have higher risk behaviors that predispose them to get HIV infection. Conclusion: Awareness of VCT services and willingness to test is high among students; however its uptake is low. In order to promote these services, a comprehensive training module on VCT needs to be included in their training curricula. In particular, more emphasis should focus on the benefits of VCT and to help the students to internalize the risk of HIV so that they can take preventive measures.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949659136	Boundaries and intimacies: Ethics and the (re)performance of "the Law" in psychoanalysis	Barratt B.B.	2015	International Forum of Psychoanalysis	24	4	10.1080/0803706X.2012.714907	Department of Psychology, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa	Barratt, B.B., Department of Psychology, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa	The notion of a boundary as it pertains to psychoanalysis is explored, and the distinctiveness of psychoanalysis as a healing science that is ethical and amoral is discussed. The difference between such a science and psychotherapies, which are committed to ideological ideals of maturation and adaptation, is elucidated. Five characteristics of psychological boundaries are discussed, and the significance of each individual's "encounter" with the incest taboo is elaborated, in terms of the dynamic formation of the repression barrier. In this context, the strict ethicality and moral neutrality of psychoanalytic practice is understood in terms of the emancipative way in which free-associative discourse works and plays along the repression barrier. © 2012 The International Federation of Psychoanalytic Societies.	Boundaries; Ethics; Incest Taboo; Primordial Law; Psychoanalysis versus Therapy; Repression Barrier	Article; behavior; consciousness; defense mechanism; ethics; healing; human; incest; intimacy; mental health care personnel; morality; motivation; narcissism; patient care; personal space; play; pleasure; priority journal; psychoanalysis; psychoanalytic theory; psychological aspect; psychotherapy; relative; self disclosure; taboo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847143776	Length Variation of DC-SIGN and L-SIGN Neck-Region has no Impact on Tuberculosis Susceptibility	Barreiro L.B., Neyrolles O., Babb C.L., van Helden P.D., Gicquel B., Hoal E.G., Quintana-Murci L.	2007	Human Immunology	68	2	10.1016/j.humimm.2006.10.020	CNRS FRE2849, Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Barreiro, L.B., CNRS FRE2849, Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Neyrolles, O., Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Babb, C.L., Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; van Helden, P.D., Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Gicquel, B., Unité de Génétique Mycobactérienne, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Hoal, E.G., Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Quintana-Murci, L., CNRS FRE2849, Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France	The C-type lectins DC-SIGN and L-SIGN are important pathogen-recognition receptors of the human innate immune system. Both lectins have been shown to interact with a vast range of infectious agents, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of tuberculosis in humans. In addition, DC-SIGN and L-SIGN possess a neck region, made up of a variable number of 23 amino acid tandem repeats, which plays a crucial role in the tetramerization of these proteins and support of the carbohydrate recognition domain. The length of the neck region, which shows variable levels of polymorphism, can critically influence the pathogen binding properties of these two receptors. We therefore investigated the impact of the DC-SIGN and L-SIGN neck-region length variation on the outcome of tuberculosis by screening this polymorphism in a large cohort of Coloured South African origin. The analyses of 711 individuals, including 351 tuberculosis patients and 360 healthy controls, revealed that none of the DC-SIGN and L-SIGN neck-region variants or genotypes seems to influence the individual susceptibility to develop tuberculosis. © 2007 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics.	DC-SIGN; genetics; L-SIGN; neck region; susceptibility; Tuberculosis	CD209 antigen; lectin; pattern recognition receptor; protein L SIGN; tetramer; unclassified drug; article; controlled study; genetic polymorphism; genetic susceptibility; genotype; human; human cell; human tissue; innate immunity; major clinical study; molecular recognition; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; priority journal; receptor binding; tandem repeat; tuberculosis; Adult; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cohort Studies; Disease Susceptibility; Female; Humans; Lectins, C-Type; Male; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Receptors, Cell Surface; South Africa; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57849090614	Evaluating performances at the 2007 cricket world cup	Barr G.D.I., Holdsworth C.G., Kantor B.S.	2008	South African Statistical Journal	42	2	None	Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town; Investec Securities, Cape Town, South Africa	Barr, G.D.I., Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town; Holdsworth, C.G., Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town; Kantor, B.S., Investec Securities, Cape Town, South Africa	In this paper we apply the methodology of Barr and Kantor (Barr & Kantor, 2003) to evaluate the batting and bowling performances of the cricketers in the 2007 cricket world cup. The earlier Barr and Kantor paper developed criteria for evaluating the performance of batsmen and hinted at the extension of the methodology to bowling performances as well; here we extend the methodology to bowling in a parallel way and analyse both the batting and bowling performances of the participants in the 2007 Cricket World Cup and provide a ranking of performance for a set of given risk tolerance levels. The paper then goes on to select a World cricket team based on this analysis. The methodology provides some insights into the extraordinary dominance of the Australian team in this tournament in both batting and bowling and provides some pointers as to how teams might hope to match the Australians in the future, at least strategically. The analysis implies that to match the Australians in the batting department, batsmen would have to first accept a higher risk of dismissal in return for a faster scoring rate and to match them in the bowling department they would have to accept a higher risk of conceding more runs in return for improved chances of taking wickets.	Cricket world cup 2007; Selection criterion; Strike rate	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920555129	Heat budget in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre: Impacts of atmospheric weather regimes on the 1995 warming event	Barrier N., Deshayes J., Treguier A.-M., Cassou C.	2015	Progress in Oceanography	130	None	10.1016/j.pocean.2014.10.001	Laboratoire de Physique des Oceans, UMR 6523, CNRS/IFREMER/IRD/UBO, Brest, France; ICEMASA, Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, South Africa; CNRS-CERFACS, Toulouse, France	Barrier, N., Laboratoire de Physique des Oceans, UMR 6523, CNRS/IFREMER/IRD/UBO, Brest, France; Deshayes, J., Laboratoire de Physique des Oceans, UMR 6523, CNRS/IFREMER/IRD/UBO, Brest, France, ICEMASA, Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Treguier, A.-M., Laboratoire de Physique des Oceans, UMR 6523, CNRS/IFREMER/IRD/UBO, Brest, France; Cassou, C., CNRS-CERFACS, Toulouse, France	In the mid 1990s, the North Atlantic subpolar gyre has shown a dramatic warming event that has been thoroughly investigated from observations and numerical simulations. Some studies suggest that it was due to an interannual, wind-driven weakening and shrinking of the gyre that facilitated the penetration of warm Atlantic Water, the weakening of the gyre being attributed to changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and in the East Atlantic Pattern, which are the two dominant modes of atmospheric variability in the North Atlantic. However, other studies suggest that the warming event was due to a decadal, buoyancy-driven strengthening of the meridional overturning circulation and subsequent intensification of the poleward heat transport, in response to the positive NAO conditions of 1988-1995. To reconcile this discrepancy, the heat budget in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre is reconstructed from four ocean hindcast simulations sharing the same modelling platform but using different settings. The novelty of this work is the decomposition of the subpolar gyre into a western and an eastern subregion, which is motivated by water mass distribution around Reykjanes Ridge and by the fact that deep convection only occurs in the western subpolar gyre.In the western subpolar gyre, the 1995 warming event is the decadal, baroclinic ocean response to positive NAO conditions from 1988 to 1995. The latter induced increased surface heat loss in the Labrador Sea that intensified deep convection hence strengthened the meridional overturning circulation and the associated poleward heat transport. In the eastern subregion, a concomittant warming is induced by an interannual, barotropic adjustment of the gyre circulation to an abrupt switch from positive NAO conditions in winter 1995 to negative NAO conditions in winter 1996. Indeed, the gyre response to negative NAO conditions is a cyclonic intergyre-gyre that increases northward volume and heat transports at the southeastern limit of the subpolar gyre. Therefore, the discrepancies found in the literature about the 1995 warming event of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre are reconciled in the present work, which suggests that the atmospheric drivers, the mechanisms at stake and the associated timescales are different to the east and to the west of Reykjanes Ridge. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	None	Heat budget; North Atlantic; Subpolar gyres; Weather regimes; climate change; extreme event; gyre; heat budget; hindcasting; North Atlantic Oscillation; numerical model; warming; water mass; wind-driven circulation; Atlantic Ocean; Reykjanes Ridge	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898466821	Fortune favours the bold: A higher predator reduces the impact of a native but not an invasive intermediate predator	Barrios-O'Neill D., Dick J.T.A., Emmerson M.C., Ricciardi A., Macisaac H.J., Alexander M.E., Bovy H.C.	2014	Journal of Animal Ecology	83	3	10.1111/1365-2656.12155	Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A OC4, Canada; Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Barrios-O'Neill, D., Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; Dick, J.T.A., Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; Emmerson, M.C., Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; Ricciardi, A., Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A OC4, Canada; Macisaac, H.J., Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; Alexander, M.E., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Bovy, H.C., Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom	Emergent multiple predator effects (MPEs) might radically alter predictions of predatory impact that are based solely on the impact of individuals. In the context of biological invasions, determining if and how the individual-level impacts of invasive predators relates to their impacts in multiple-individual situations will inform understanding of how such impacts might propagate through recipient communities. Here, we use functional responses (the relationship between prey consumption rate and prey density) to compare the impacts of the invasive freshwater mysid crustacean Hemimysis anomala with a native counterpart Mysis salemaai when feeding on basal cladoceran prey (i) as individuals, (ii) in conspecific groups and (iii) in conspecific groups in the presence of a higher fish predator, Gasterosteus aculeatus. In the absence of the higher predator, the invader consumed significantly more basal prey than the native, and consumption was additive for both mysid species - that is, group consumption was predictable from individual-level consumption. Invaders and natives were themselves equally susceptible to predation when feeding with the higher fish predator, but an MPE occurred only between the natives and higher predator, where consumption of basal prey was significantly reduced. In contrast, consumption by the invaders and higher predator remained additive. The presence of a higher predator serves to exacerbate the existing difference in individual-level consumption between invasive and native mysids. We attribute the mechanism responsible for the MPE associated with the native to a trait-mediated indirect interaction, and further suggest that the relative indifference to predator threat on the part of the invader contributes to its success and impacts within invaded communities. © 2013 British Ecological Society.	Emergent multiple predator effects; Functional response; Hemimysis anomala; Invasive species; Trait-mediated interactions	Crustacea; Gasterosteus aculeatus; Hemimysis anomala; Mysida; Mysis salemaai; animal; Crustacea; food chain; introduced species; Ireland; physiology; predation; Smegmamorpha; Animals; Crustacea; Food Chain; Introduced Species; Ireland; Predatory Behavior; Smegmamorpha	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920414663	Enhanced performance and stability of high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell by incorporating zirconium hydrogen phosphate in catalyst layer	Barron O., Su H., Linkov V., Pollet B.G., Pasupathi S.	2015	Journal of Power Sources	278	None	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.12.139	HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa	Barron, O., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa; Su, H., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa; Linkov, V., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa; Pollet, B.G., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa; Pasupathi, S., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa	Zirconium hydrogen phosphate (ZHP) together with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymer binder is incorporated into the catalyst layers (CLs) of ABPBI (poly(2,5-benzimidazole))-based high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFCs) to improve its performance and durability. The influence of ZHP content (normalised with respect to dry PTFE) on the CL properties are structurally characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Electrochemical analyses of the resultant membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) are performed by recording polarisation curves and impedance spectra at 160 °C, ambient pressure and humidity. The result show that a 30 wt.% ZHP/PTFE content in the CL is optimum for improving fuel cell performance, the resultant MEA delivers a peak power of 592 mW cm-2 at a cell voltage of 380 mV. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) indicate that 30% ZHP in the CL can increase the proton conductivity compared to the pristine PTFE-gas diffusion electrode (GDE). A short term stability test (∼500 h) on the 30 wt.% ZHP/PTFE-GDE shows a remarkable high durability with a degradation rate as low as ∼19 μV h-1 at 0.2 A cm-2, while 195 μV h-1 was obtained for the pristine GDE. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Catalyst layer; Gas diffusion electrode; High temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell; Membrane electrode assembly; Poly(2 5-benzimidazole); Zirconium hydrogen phosphate	Catalysts; Degradation; Diffusion in gases; Durability; Electrochemical electrodes; Electrodes; Fuel cells; Hydrogen; Membranes; Polyelectrolytes; Polymers; Polytetrafluoroethylenes; Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC); Scanning electron microscopy; Solid solutions; Zirconium; Catalyst layers; Gas diffusion electrodes; High temperature polymer electrolyte membranes; Membrane electrode assemblies; Poly(2 5-benzimidazole); Zirconium hydrogen phosphate; Solid electrolytes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70449720676	Monitoring and evaluation of health sector reforms in the WHO African Region	Barry S.P., Diarra-Nama A.J., Kirigia J.M., Bakeera S., Somanje H.	2009	East African Medical Journal	86	SUPPL. 1	None	Health Policies and Service Delivery; Health Systems and Services Development; Health Financing and Social Protection, WHO Regional Office for Africa, BP 06, Brazzaville, Congo; Masters in Health Management, Planning and Policy, Freelance Consultant, P.O. Box 2762, Kampala, Uganda; Health Policies and Services Delivery Programme, WHO Regional Office for Africa, BP 06, Brazzaville, Congo	Barry, S.P., Health Policies and Service Delivery; Diarra-Nama, A.J., Health Systems and Services Development; Kirigia, J.M., Health Financing and Social Protection, WHO Regional Office for Africa, BP 06, Brazzaville, Congo; Bakeera, S., Masters in Health Management, Planning and Policy, Freelance Consultant, P.O. Box 2762, Kampala, Uganda; Somanje, H., Health Policies and Services Delivery Programme, WHO Regional Office for Africa, BP 06, Brazzaville, Congo	Objectives: To describe a comprehensive analytical framework for assessing health sector reforms and demonstrates use of the analysis framework using cost-recovery mechanisms as a case study in the WHO African Region. Data sources: Health sector reforms published literature review. Study selection: No selection involved. Data extraction: This paper draws from previous published literature to describe a comprehensive framework to assess the performance of health sector reforms in the African region. Using this framework, it goes on to illustrate how it may be used to analyze cost recovery reforms as a case study. The major elements for the analysis include a description of the context, design, process and intended results. Data synthesis: In terms of context and design of the cost recovery reform, there were gaps in the stewardship role of governments as evidenced by the lack of appropriate policies and information to monitor and/or influence the process. Regarding the cost recovery implementation, it is not clear from the literature reviewed in this paper that there was a comprehensive stakeholder coordination mechanism that catered for all who were involved. Concerning results of the expected results of implementing cost recovery reforms such as improved quality of health services; equitable service utilisation; social sustainability through active community participation; and gains in efficiency were not always realised. Conclusions: Given that the aspects of the analysis framework described in this paper are interrelated, reviewing one without another provides an answer to a specific question but is insufficient for a comprehensive assessment.	None	Africa; health care policy; health care quality; human; quality control; review; standard; world health organization; Africa; Benchmarking; Health Care Reform; Health Policy; Humans; Program Evaluation; Quality of Health Care; World Health Organization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953656769	Impact of climate and predation on autumn migration of the Curlew Sandpiper	Barshep Y., Hedenström A., Underhill L.G.	2011	Waterbirds	34	1	10.1675/063.034.0101	Animal Demography Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Theoretical Ecology, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; A. P. Leventis Ornithological Research Institute, Laminga, PMB 13404, Jos, Nigeria	Barshep, Y., Animal Demography Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, A. P. Leventis Ornithological Research Institute, Laminga, PMB 13404, Jos, Nigeria; Hedenström, A., Theoretical Ecology, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; Underhill, L.G., Animal Demography Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Using constant-effort catch data, causes of annual variation in the timing of migration of Curlew Sandpipers (Calidris ferruginea) migrating through Ottenby, Sweden, as well as the trend in timing of migration from 1946-2005, was investigated. Variation in the timing of autumn migration of adult and juvenile Curlew Sandpipers was influenced by breeding success connected to predation pressure on the Arctic breeding grounds. Median migration date of adult birds was significantly later in good breeding years compared with poor breeding years while the migration of juveniles was earlier in good breeding years compared with poor breeding years. Also, adults migrated earlier when the average temperature in June was warmer. Median migration dates of adults have advanced by 23 days from 1946-2005, but the migration dates of juveniles have remained unchanged. Unchanged migration dates of juveniles indicate that earlier departure of the adult Curlew Sandpipers from the breeding grounds was not due to earlier breeding. Evidence suggests that declining breeding productivity as a result of increasing predation on broods of shorebirds might, over the years, be the reason for the observed pattern of early departure of adults from the breeding grounds. One possible consequence of earlier migration is a mismatch between timing of migration and periods of food abundance on migration routes and at the wintering grounds, leading to a decline in adult and juvenile survival and population size.	Arctic; breeding success; Calidris ferruginea; Curlew Sandpiper; June temperature; migration; Ottenby; phenology; predation	adult; annual variation; autumn; breeding site; climate change; climate effect; food availability; juvenile; migration; phenology; population decline; population size; predation; reproductive success; wader; Kalmar [Sweden]; Oland; Ottenby; Sweden; Aves; Calidris ferruginea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-13844272012	Practical process for the air oxidation of cresols: Part B. evaluation of the laboratory-scale oxidation process	Barton B., Logie C.G., Schoonees B.M., Zeelie B.	2005	Organic Process Research and Development	9	1	10.1021/op049844j	Catalysis Research Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Port Elizabeth Technikon, Private Bag X6011, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa	Barton, B., Catalysis Research Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Port Elizabeth Technikon, Private Bag X6011, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Logie, C.G., Catalysis Research Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Port Elizabeth Technikon, Private Bag X6011, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Schoonees, B.M., Catalysis Research Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Port Elizabeth Technikon, Private Bag X6011, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Zeelie, B., Catalysis Research Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Port Elizabeth Technikon, Private Bag X6011, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa	Mechanistic proposals and predictions made in a preceding paper (Part A) were evaluated by carrying out the catalytic air oxidation of p-cresol in an alternative solvent system, comprising either a mixture of ethylene glycol and acetic acid (for oxidations under acidic conditions) or ethylene glycol and water (for oxidations under basic conditions). The results obtained in these experiments confirmed that ethylene glycol acts as a nucleophile in these solvent systems, thereby stabilizing the quinomethide intermediate and resulting in highly efficient oxidations in both alkaline and acidic media. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, the desired product, was thus obtained in isolated yields of up to 98% and purities >99%. The inherent draw-backs associated with alkaline methanol and aqueous acetic acid solutions were thus circumvented, and the result is a highly efficient process for the production of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde.	None	acetic acid; cresol; ethylene glycol; quinone derivative; water; acidity; alkalinity; article; catalysis; chemical reaction; molecular mechanics; molecular stability; oxidation kinetics; prediction; reaction analysis; scale up	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84952325078	Investigation of different aqueous electrolytes on the electrochemical performance of activated carbon-based supercapacitors	Barzegar F., Momodu D.Y., Fashedemi O.O., Bello A., Dangbegnon J.K., Manyala N.	2015	RSC Advances	5	130	10.1039/c5ra21962k	Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Chair in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Barzegar, F., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Chair in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Momodu, D.Y., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Chair in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Fashedemi, O.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Bello, A., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Chair in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Dangbegnon, J.K., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Chair in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Manyala, N., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Chair in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	In this study, porous activated carbons (AC) were synthesized by an environmentally friendly technique involving chemical activation and carbonization, with an in-depth experimental study carried out to understand the electrochemical behaviour in different aqueous electrolytes (KOH, LiCl, and Na2SO4). The electrochemical performance of the AC electrode was evaluated by different techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge and impedance spectroscopy. The results obtained demonstrate that the AC materials in different electrolytes exhibit unique double layer properties. In particular, the AC electrode tested in 6 M KOH showed the best electrochemical performance in terms of specific capacitance and efficiency. A specific capacitance of 129 F g-1 was obtained at 0.5 A g-1 with a corresponding solution resistance of 0.66 Ω in an operating voltage window of 0.8 V, with an efficiency of ∼100% at different current densities. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015.	None	Activated carbon; Capacitance; Carbon; Carbonization; Chemical activation; Cyclic voltammetry; Efficiency; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Electrodes; Electrolytes; Electrolytic capacitors; Aqueous electrolyte; Corresponding solutions; Electrochemical behaviour; Electrochemical performance; Galvanostatic charge/discharge; Impedance spectroscopy; Operating voltage; Specific capacitance; Electrochemical electrodes	97994, National Research Foundation; UP, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946709432	Effect of addition of different carbon materials on hydrogel derived carbon material for high performance electrochemical capacitors	Barzegar F., Bello A., Guellati O., Momodu D.Y., Harat A., Dangbegnon J.K., Guerioune M., Manyala N.	2015	Electrochimica Acta	186	None	10.1016/j.electacta.2015.10.189	Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; LEREC Laboratory, Department of Physics, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, BP.12, Annaba, Algeria	Barzegar, F., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Bello, A., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Guellati, O., LEREC Laboratory, Department of Physics, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, BP.12, Annaba, Algeria; Momodu, D.Y., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Harat, A., LEREC Laboratory, Department of Physics, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, BP.12, Annaba, Algeria; Dangbegnon, J.K., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Guerioune, M., LEREC Laboratory, Department of Physics, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, BP.12, Annaba, Algeria; Manyala, N., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, SARCHI Ch. in Carbon Technology and Materials, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Activated carbon (AC) materials derived from addition of graphene foam, carbon nanotube and expended graphite mixed with polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone were synthesized and tested for supercapacitor application. Although the AC obtained from expended graphite shows the smallest specific surface area (SAA), it exhibits the highest electrical double layer capacitance (EDLC) performance with high rate capability and specific capacitance. This material tested in the symmetric configuration works in a large potential window of 1.6 V. More interestingly, the device made out this material gets better in terms of electrochemical performance when subjected to ageing effect with voltage holding for 100 hours. Some tentative reasons for such discrepancy between the SAA and the EDLC are explained. © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	activated carbon; electrical double layer capacitor; specific surface area	Activated carbon; Capacitance; Capacitors; Carbon nanotubes; Electrochemical electrodes; Graphite; Specific surface area; Yarn; Electrical double layer capacitor; Electrical double-layer capacitances; Electrochemical performance; High performance electrochemical capacitors; High rate capability; Poly vinyl pyrrolidone; Specific capacitance; Supercapacitor application; Foams	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940643337	Synthesis of 3D porous carbon based on cheap polymers and graphene foam for high-performance electrochemical capacitors	Barzegar F., Bello A., Fashedemi O.O., Dangbegnon J.K., Momodu D.Y., Taghizadeh F., Manyala N.	2015	Electrochimica Acta	180	None	10.1016/j.electacta.2015.08.148	Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa	Barzegar, F., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa; Bello, A., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa; Fashedemi, O.O., Department of Chemistry, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa; Dangbegnon, J.K., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa; Momodu, D.Y., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa; Taghizadeh, F., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa; Manyala, N., Department of Physics, Institute of Applied Materials, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa	A scalable production of high surface area nanoporous carbon material (∼2994 m2 g-1) with good distribution of micro-, meso- and macro-pores was hydrothermally synthesized using both cheap polymers and graphene foam as carbon sources. The as synthesised material shows a unique interconnected porous graphitic structure. The electrochemical double-layer capacitor fabricated from this nanoporous carbon material exhibited a superior supercapacitive performance of 188 F g-1 at current density 0.5 A g-1. This corresponded to areal capacitance of 6.3 μF cm-2 coupled with a high energy of 0.56 μWh cm-2 (16.71 Wh kg-1) and a power density of 13.39 μW cm-2 (401 W kg-1) due to extended potential window of 1.6 V in KOH aqueous electrolyte. Moreover, no capacitance loss after 10,000 cycles was observed, owing to the unique structure and large surface area of the active material. The outstanding performance of this material as supercapacitor electrode shows that it has great potential for high performance energy-related applications. Crown Copyright © 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.	Electrochemical performance; Equivalent circuit; Porous carbon; Supercapacitor	Capacitance; Capacitors; Electrolytic capacitors; Equivalent circuits; Graphene; Polymers; Porous materials; Electrochemical double-layer capacitors; Electrochemical performance; Graphitic structures; High performance electrochemical capacitors; Hydrothermally synthesized; Porous carbons; Super capacitor; Supercapacitor electrodes; Foams	University of Pretoria; UP, University of Pretoria
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952035026	Diarrhea prevention in people living with HIV: An evaluation of a point-of-use water quality intervention in Lagos, Nigeria	Barzilay E.J., Aghoghovbia T.S., Blanton E.M., Akinpelumi A.A., Coldiron M.E., Akinfolayan O., Adeleye O.A., LaTrielle A., Hoekstra R.M., Gilpin U., Quick R.	2011	AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV	23	3	10.1080/09540121.2010.507749	Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States; HOPE worldwide, Lagos, Nigeria; Society for Family Health, Abuja, Nigeria; Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, United States;	Barzilay, E.J., Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States; Aghoghovbia, T.S., HOPE worldwide, Lagos, Nigeria; Blanton, E.M., Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States; Akinpelumi, A.A., Society for Family Health, Abuja, Nigeria; Coldiron, M.E., Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, United States; Akinfolayan, O., HOPE worldwide, Lagos, Nigeria; Adeleye, O.A., HOPE worldwide, Lagos, Nigeria; LaTrielle, A., Society for Family Health, Abuja, Nigeria; Hoekstra, R.M., Biostatistics Information Management Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States; Gilpin, U., Population Services International, Washington, United States; Quick, R., Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States	Diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Africa. The impact of a point-of-use water chlorination and storage intervention on diarrheal-disease risk in a population of HIV-infected women in Lagos, Nigeria was evaluated. A baseline survey was performed, followed by six weeks of baseline diarrhea surveillance consisting of weekly home visits, distribution of free water chlorination products and safe storage containers to project participants, and continued weekly home-based diarrhea surveillance for 15 additional weeks. To confirm use of the water chlorination product, during each home visit, stored water was tested for residual chlorine. About 187 women were enrolled. At baseline, 80% of women had access to improved water supplies and 95% had access to sanitation facilities. Following distribution of the intervention, water stored in participants' households was observed to have residual chlorine during 50-80% of home visits, a sign of adherence to recommended water-treatment practices. Diarrhea rates in project participants were 36% lower in the post-intervention period than during the baseline period (p=0.04). Diarrhea rates were 46% lower in the post-intervention period than the baseline period among project participants who were confirmed to have residual chlorine in stored water during 85% or more of home visits (p=0.04); there was no significant difference in diarrhea rates between baseline and post-intervention periods in participants confirmed to have residual chlorine in stored water during less than 85% of home visits. The percent change in diarrhea rates between baseline and post-intervention surveillance periods was statistically significant among non-users of prophylactic antibiotics (-62%, p=0.02) and among persons who used neither prophylactic antibiotics nor antiretroviral treatment (-46%, p=0.04). Point-of-use water treatment was associated with a reduced risk of diarrhea in PLHIV. Regular water treatment was required to achieve health benefits. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.	diarrhea; HIV/AIDS; PMTCT; water treatment	adult; article; chlorination; diarrhea; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; priority journal; sanitation; water quality; water supply; water treatment; Adolescent; Adult; Diarrhea; Female; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Patient Compliance; Risk Factors; Sanitation; Water Purification; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-50349102618	Trophallactic activities in the honeybee brood nest - Heaters get supplied with high performance fuel	Basile R., Pirk C.W.W., Tautz J.	2008	Zoology	111	6	10.1016/j.zool.2007.11.002	BEEgroup, Department of Zoology II, Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa	Basile, R., BEEgroup, Department of Zoology II, Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany; Pirk, C.W.W., Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa; Tautz, J., BEEgroup, Department of Zoology II, Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany	Honeybees actively regulate their brood temperature by heating between 33 and 36 °C if ambient temperatures are lower. Heat is generated by vibrating the flight muscles. Heating rapidly depletes the worker's internal energy; therefore heating performance is limited by the honey that is ingested before the heating process. Stored honey is the predefined fuel for flying and heating, but it is stored at a distance from the broodcomb, causing a potential logistic problem of efficient energy supply in the brood area. Our study focused on the behaviour and the thoracic temperature of the participants in trophallactic food exchanges on the broodcomb. We found that 85.5% of the recipients in a trophallactic food exchange have a higher thoracic temperature during feeding contacts than donors and after the feeding contact the former engage in brood heating more often. The donor bees have lower thoracic temperature and shuttle constantly between honey stores and the broodcomb where they transfer the stored honey to heating bees. Providing heat-emitting workers with small doses of high performance fuel contributes to an economic distribution of resources consistent with physiological conditions of the bees and the ecological requirements of the hive. The trophallaxis-based system is essential to provide the energy-intensive brood warming activity. The emerging independence from ambient temperatures is not only beneficial for brood rearing during times of sudden cold spells, but also enables the honeybees in temperate regions to raise brood in early spring and might be the decisive factor for the occurrence of honeybees in temperate climates in general. © 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.	Apis mellifera; Brood heating; Food exchange; Trophallaxis	animal; article; bee; body temperature; feeding behavior; heat; honey; nesting; physiology; social behavior; thermoregulation; Animals; Bees; Body Temperature; Body Temperature Regulation; Feeding Behavior; Honey; Hot Temperature; Nesting Behavior; Social Behavior; Apis mellifera; Apoidea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880031501	Selecting Habitat to Survive: The Impact of Road Density on Survival in a Large Carnivore	Basille M., Van Moorter B., Herfindal I., Martin J., Linnell J.D.C., Odden J., Andersen R., Gaillard J.-M.	2013	PLoS ONE	8	7	10.1371/journal.pone.0065493	Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States; Chaire de recherche industrielle CRSNG-Université Laval en sylviculture et faune, Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway; Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Centre for African Ecology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, South Africa; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway; Vitenskapsmuseet, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway	Basille, M., Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States, Chaire de recherche industrielle CRSNG-Université Laval en sylviculture et faune, Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Van Moorter, B., Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway; Herfindal, I., Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Martin, J., Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France, Centre for African Ecology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, South Africa; Linnell, J.D.C., Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway; Odden, J., Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway; Andersen, R., Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway, Vitenskapsmuseet, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Gaillard, J.-M., Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France	Habitat selection studies generally assume that animals select habitat and food resources at multiple scales to maximise their fitness. However, animals sometimes prefer habitats of apparently low quality, especially when considering the costs associated with spatially heterogeneous human disturbance. We used spatial variation in human disturbance, and its consequences on lynx survival, a direct fitness component, to test the Hierarchical Habitat Selection hypothesis from a population of Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx in southern Norway. Data from 46 lynx monitored with telemetry indicated that a high proportion of forest strongly reduced the risk of mortality from legal hunting at the home range scale, while increasing road density strongly increased such risk at the finer scale within the home range. We found hierarchical effects of the impact of human disturbance, with a higher road density at a large scale reinforcing its negative impact at a fine scale. Conversely, we demonstrated that lynx shifted their habitat selection to avoid areas with the highest road densities within their home ranges, thus supporting a compensatory mechanism at fine scale enabling lynx to mitigate the impact of large-scale disturbance. Human impact, positively associated with high road accessibility, was thus a stronger driver of lynx space use at a finer scale, with home range characteristics nevertheless constraining habitat selection. Our study demonstrates the truly hierarchical nature of habitat selection, which aims at maximising fitness by selecting against limiting factors at multiple spatial scales, and indicates that scale-specific heterogeneity of the environment is driving individual spatial behaviour, by means of trade-offs across spatial scales. © 2013 Basille et al.	None	animal hunting; article; environmental impact; environmental parameters; forest; habitat selection; lynx; mortality; nonhuman; risk assessment; risk reduction; road density; survival; telemetry; Animals; Carnivora; Ecosystem; Female; Homing Behavior; Human Activities; Humans; Lynx; Male; Motor Vehicles; Selection, Genetic; Spatial Behavior; Survival; Animalia; Lynx; Lynx lynx	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952506138	The impact of Age, Gender and social factors on the Vocational Choice among Nigerian adolescents	Basil N.M.	2011	European Journal of Social Sciences	19	4	None	Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Basil, N.M., Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study investigated the impact of age, gender and social factors on the vocational choice among Nigerian adolescents. Eight hundred (800) male and female secondary school students sampled from eight secondary schools in Abuja Municipality participated. Participants were 400 junior secondary three (200 males and 200 females, 13-15 years), with a mean age of 14 years; and 400 senior secondary three (200 males and 200 females, 16-18 years) with a mean age of 17 years. Vocational Choice Scale (VCS) was used to test the vocational choice of the students. Results showed, there was significant age impact on adolescents' vocational choice, F (1,790) =30.6P<.001, Gender was significant, F (2,790) =305:7P<.0001. On the interaction effect, age x social factors was significant F (2,790)0020=24.02 P<.001. Gender x social factors was significant F (2,790) =15.28 P<.001. Age x gender x social factors were significant F (2,790) =15.28 P<.001. Age x gender x social factors were significant. F (2,790) =46. 8P<.001 Scheffe test showed that family factors scored the highest in the social factor impact on the vocational choice among students.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749051862	Impacts of land and water use on plankton diversity and water quality in small man-made reservoirs in the Limpopo basin, Zimbabwe: A preliminary investigation	Basima L.B., Senzanje A., Marshall B., Shick K.	2006	Physics and Chemistry of the Earth	31	None	10.1016/j.pce.2006.08.026	Department of Biology/Hydrobiology, Université Officielle de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic Congo; Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP, Mount Pleasant, 167 Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Biology, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP, Mount Pleasant, 167 Harare, Zimbabwe; P.O. Box 56, Wise River, MT 59762, United States	Basima, L.B., Department of Biology/Hydrobiology, Université Officielle de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic Congo; Senzanje, A., Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP, Mount Pleasant, 167 Harare, Zimbabwe; Marshall, B., Department of Biology, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP, Mount Pleasant, 167 Harare, Zimbabwe; Shick, K., P.O. Box 56, Wise River, MT 59762, United States	This paper reports on a study carried out from February to April 2005 in the southern part of Zimbabwe in the Mzingwane catchment, Limpopo basin to investigate the impacts of land and water use on the water quality and ecosystem health of eight small man-made reservoirs. Four of the reservoirs of were located in communal lands while the remaining four were located in the National Park Estates, considered pristine. Plankton community structure was identified in terms of abundance and diversity as an indirect assessment of water quality and ecosystem health. In addition, phosphorus, nitrogen, pH, transparency, electric conductivity and hardness were analysed. The results obtained indicate that a significant difference in abundance of phytoplankton groups was found between the communal lands and the National Park Estates (P < 0.01). Though the highest phytoplankton abundance was observed in April, February showed the highest number of taxa (highest diversity). Chlorophytes was the major group in both periods with 29 genera in February and 20 in April followed by Diatoms with 17 genera in February and 12 in April. The zooplankton community was less diverse and less abundant and did not show any seasonality pattern. Phosphorus (0.022 ± 0.037 mg/l) and nitrogen (0.101 ± 0.027 mg/l) had similar trends in the study area during the study period. Transparency of water was very low (ca. 27 cm secchi depth) in 75% of the reservoirs with communal lands' reservoirs having a whitish colour, likely reducing light penetration and therefore photosynthetic potential. Evidence from the study indicates that, at this time, activities in the communal lands are not significantly impacting the ecosystem health of reservoirs, as water quality characteristics and plankton diversity on communal lands were not significantly different from the pristine reservoirs in National Park. However, water managers are urged to continuously monitor the changes in land and water uses around these multipurpose reservoirs in order to prevent possible detrimental land and water uses that might occur in the future. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Ecosystem health; Land use; Plankton community; Small man-made reservoir; Water quality; Water resources management	Catchments; Ecosystems; Electric conductivity of liquids; Hardness; Land use; Nitrogen; pH; Phosphorus; Transparency; Water quality; Man-made reservoir; Water resource management; Water use; Reservoirs (water); ecological impact; ecosystem health; environmental monitoring; human activity; hydrological response; land use; national park; plankton; reservoir; species diversity; water quality; water use; Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zimbabwe; Bacillariophyta; Chlorophyta	None
WoS	WOS:000345430400001	Toward utilization of data for program management and evaluation: quality assessment of five years of health management information system data in Rwanda	Amoroso, Cheryl,Basinga, Paulin,Binagwaho, Agnes,Gaju, Eric,Gashayija, Modeste,Hedt-Gauthier, Bethany,Hirschhorn, Lisa R.,Iyer, Hari S.,Muhire, Andrew,Nisingizwe, Marie Paul,Rubyutsa, Eric,Wilson, Randy	2014	GLOBAL HEALTH ACTION	7	None	10.3402/gha.v7.25829	Dartmouth College, Gates Foundation, Harvard University, University of Rwanda, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Minist Hlth, Partners In Hlth, Partners In Hlth Inshuti Mu Buzima	"Basinga, Paulin: Gates Foundation",	Background: Health data can be useful for effective service delivery, decision making, and evaluating existing programs in order to maintain high quality of healthcare. Studies have shown variability in data quality from national health management information systems (HMISs) in sub-Saharan Africa which threatens utility of these data as a tool to improve health systems. The purpose of this study is to assess the quality of Rwanda's HMIS data over a 5-year period. Methods: The World Health Organization (WHO) data quality report card framework was used to assess the quality of HMIS data captured from 2008 to 2012 and is a census of all 495 publicly funded health facilities in Rwanda. Factors assessed included completeness and internal consistency of 10 indicators selected based on WHO recommendations and priority areas for the Rwanda national health sector. Completeness was measured as percentage of non-missing reports. Consistency was measured as the absence of extreme outliers, internal consistency between related indicators, and consistency of indicators over time. These assessments were done at the district and national level. Results: Nationally, the average monthly district reporting completeness rate was 98% across 10 key indicators from 2008 to 2012. Completeness of indicator data increased over time: 2008, 88%; 2009, 91%; 2010, 89%; 2011, 90%; and 2012, 95% (p&lt;B0.0001). Comparing 2011 and 2012 health events to the mean of the three preceding years, service output increased from 3% (2011) to 9% (2012). Eighty-three percent of districts reported ratios between related indicators (ANC/DTP1, DTP1/DTP3) consistent with HMIS national ratios. Conclusion and policy implications: Our findings suggest that HMIS data quality in Rwanda has been improving over time. We recommend maintaining these assessments to identify remaining gaps in data quality and that results are shared publicly to support increased use of HMIS data.	"DATA QUALITY","data use","global health","health management information system","QUALITY IMPROVEMENT",RWANDA,CHALLENGES,DISTRICT,"IMMUNIZATION DATA",IMPLEMENTATION,INNOVATIONS,MALAWI,MOZAMBIQUE,SOUTH-AFRICA	None	None
WoS	WOS:000305875000006	Impact of health systems strengthening on coverage of maternal health services in Rwanda, 2000-2010: a systematic review	Basinga, Paulin,Bucagu, Maurice,Kagubare, Jean M.,Lee, Angela C.,Ngabo, Fidele,Timmons, Barbara K.	2012	REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH MATTERS	20	39	10.1016/S0968-8080(12)39611-0	University of Rwanda, World Health Organization, Minist Hlth	"Basinga, Paulin: University of Rwanda","Bucagu, Maurice: World Health Organization",	From 2000 to 2010, Rwanda implemented comprehensive health sector reforms to strengthen the public health system, with the aim of reducing maternal and newborn deaths in line with Millennium Development Goal 5, among many other improvements in national health. Based on a systematic review of the literature, national policy documents and three Demographic &amp; Health Surveys (2000, 2005 and 2010), this paper describes the reforms and the policies they were based on, and provides data on the extent of Rwanda's progress in expanding the coverage of four key women's health services. Progress took place in 2000-2005 and became more rapid after 2006, mostly in rural areas, when the national facility-based childbirth policy, performance-based financing, and community-based health insurance were scaled up. Between 2006 and 2010, the following increases in coverage took place as compared to 2000-2005, particularly in rural areas, where most poor women live: births with skilled attendance (77% increase vs. 26%), institutional delivery (146% increase vs. 8%), and contraceptive prevalence (351% increase vs. 150%). The primary factors in these improvements were increases in the health workforce and their skills, performance-based financing, community-based health insurance, and better leadership and governance. Further research is needed to determine the impact of these changes on health outcomes in women and children. (C) 2012 Reproductive Health Matters	CHILDBIRTH,"HEALTH CARE FINANCING","health policy and programmes","reproductive health services",RWANDA,"skilled attendance at birth",AVAILABILITY,"CARES EXPERIENCES",CENTERS,COUNTRIES,DISTRICT,INSURANCE,LESSONS,NEWBORN,PERFORMANCE,QUALITY	None	None
WoS	WOS:000305583300126	Towards Universal Health Coverage: An Evaluation of Rwanda Mutuelles in Its First Eight Years	Basinga, Paulin,Binagwaho, Agnes,Chin, Brian,Hill, Kenneth,Hirschhorn, Lisa R.,Lewandowski, Jiwon Lee,Lu, Chunling,Murray, Megan	2012	PLOS ONE	7	6	10.1371/journal.pone.0039282	Asian Development Bank, Harvard University, University of Rwanda	"Basinga, Paulin: University of Rwanda","Chin, Brian: Asian Development Bank","Hill, Kenneth: Harvard University","Hirschhorn, Lisa R.: Harvard University","Lewandowski, Jiwon Lee: Harvard University","Lu, Chunling: Harvard University","Murray, Megan: Harvard University",	Background: Mutuelles is a community-based health insurance program, established since 1999 by the Government of Rwanda as a key component of the national health strategy on providing universal health care. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of Mutuelles on achieving universal coverage of medical services and financial risk protection in its first eight years of implementation. Methods and Findings: We conducted a quantitative impact evaluation of Mutuelles between 2000 and 2008 using nationally-representative surveys. At the national and provincial levels, we traced the evolution of Mutuelles coverage and its impact on child and maternal care coverage from 2000 to 2008, as well as household catastrophic health payments from 2000 to 2006. At the individual level, we investigated the impact of Mutuelles' coverage on enrollees' medical care utilization using logistic regression. We focused on three target populations: the general population, under-five children, and women with delivery. At the household level, we used logistic regression to study the relationship between Mutuelles coverage and the probability of incurring catastrophic health spending. The main limitation was that due to insufficient data, we are not able to study the impact of Mutuelles on health outcomes, such as child and maternal mortalities, directly. The findings show that Mutuelles improved medical care utilization and protected households from catastrophic health spending. Among Mutuelles enrollees, those in the poorest expenditure quintile had a significantly lower rate of utilization and higher rate of catastrophic health spending. The findings are robust to various estimation methods and datasets. Conclusions: Rwanda's experience suggests that community-based health insurance schemes can be effective tools for achieving universal health coverage even in the poorest settings. We suggest a future study on how eliminating Mutuelles copayments for the poorest will improve their healthcare utilization, lower their catastrophic health spending, and affect the finances of health care providers.	,ASIA,CARE,CHINA,COUNTRIES,IMPACT,INSURANCE,OUT-OF-POCKET,PAYMENTS,SERVICES	None	None
WoS	WOS:000289963000031	Effect on maternal and child health services in Rwanda of payment to primary health-care providers for performance: an impact evaluation	Basinga, Paulin,Binagwaho, Agnes,Gertler, Paul J.,Soucat, Agnes L. B.,Sturdy, Jennifer,Vermeersch, Christel M. J.	2011	LANCET	377	9775	None	The World Bank, University of California Berkeley, University of California System, University of Rwanda, Minist Hlth	"Basinga, Paulin: University of Rwanda","Gertler, Paul J.: University of California Berkeley","Gertler, Paul J.: University of California System","Soucat, Agnes L. B.: The World Bank","Sturdy, Jennifer: The World Bank","Vermeersch, Christel M. J.: The World Bank",	Background Evidence about the best methods with which to accelerate progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals is urgently needed. We assessed the effect of performance-based payment of health-care providers (payment for performance; P4P) on use and quality of child and maternal care services in health-care facilities in Rwanda. Methods 166 facilities were randomly assigned at the district level either to begin P4P funding between June, 2006, and October, 2006 (intervention group; n=80), or to continue with the traditional input-based funding until 23 months after study baseline (control group; n=86). Randomisation was done by coin toss. We surveyed facilities and 2158 households at baseline and after 23 months. The main outcome measures were prenatal care visits and institutional deliveries, quality of prenatal care, and child preventive care visits and immunisation. We isolated the incentive effect from the resource effect by increasing comparison facilities' input-based budgets by the average P4P payments made to the treatment facilities. We estimated a multivariate regression specification of the difference-in-difference model in which an individual's outcome is regressed against a dummy variable, indicating whether the facility received P4P that year, a facility-fixed effect, a year indicator, and a series of individual and household characteristics. Findings Our model estimated that facilities in the intervention group had a 23% increase in the number of institutional deliveries and increases in the number of preventive care visits by children aged 23 months or younger (56%) and aged between 24 months and 59 months (132%). No improvements were seen in the number of women completing four prenatal care visits or of children receiving full immunisation schedules. We also estimate an increase of 0.157 standard deviations (95% CI 0.026-0.289) in prenatal quality as measured by compliance with Rwandan prenatal care clinical practice guidelines. Interpretation The P4P scheme in Rwanda had the greatest effect on those services that had the highest payment rates and needed the least effort from the service provider. P4P financial performance incentives can improve both the use and quality of maternal and child health services, and could be a useful intervention to accelerate progress towards Millennium Development Goals for maternal and child health.	,BIRTH-WEIGHT,CENTERS,"CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFERS",COUNTRIES,EXPERIENCE,INTERVENTIONS,OPORTUNIDADES,QUALITY,RANDOMIZED-TRIAL,"ROUTINE ANTENATAL CARE"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000317880300013	Utilizing community health worker data for program management and evaluation: Systems for data quality assessments and baseline results from Rwanda	Basinga, Paulin,Drobac, Peter,Farmer, Didi Bertrand,Hedt-Gauthier, Bethany,Hirschhorn, Lisa,Karamaga, Adolphe,Mitsunaga, Tisha,Mugeni, Cathy,Ngabo, Fidele,Ngizwenayo, Elias	2013	SOCIAL SCIENCE &amp; MEDICINE	85	None	10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.02.033	Harvard University, University of Rwanda, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Minist Hlth, PIH, Rwinkwavu Dist Hosp	"Basinga, Paulin: University of Rwanda","Hedt-Gauthier, Bethany: Harvard University",	Community health workers (CHWs) have and continue to play a pivotal role in health services delivery in many resource-constrained environments. The data routinely generated through these programs are increasingly relied upon for providing information for program management, evaluation and quality assurance. However, there are few published results on the quality of CHW-generated data, and what information exists suggests quality is low. An ongoing challenge is the lack of routine systems for CHW data quality assessments (DQAs). In this paper, we describe a system developed for CHW DQAs and results of the first formal assessment in southern Kayonza, Rwanda, May-June 2011. We discuss considerations for other programs interested in adopting such systems. While the results identified gaps in the current data quality, the assessment also identified opportunities for strengthening the data to ensure suitable levels of quality for use in management and evaluation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Africa,"community case management","community health worker","DATA QUALITY","Lot Quality Assurance Sampling",LQAS,RWANDA,CHALLENGES,COUNTRIES,INFORMATION-SYSTEM,MALAWI,POLICY	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81855176565	Exploring the impact of national system of innovation on the outcomes of foreign direct investment	Baskaran A., Muchie M., Muchie M.	2009	International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development	2	4	10.1504/IJTLID.2009.02682	Business School, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, United Kingdom; Institute for Economic Research on Innovation, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; DIIPER, Aalborg University, Denmark	Baskaran, A., Business School, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, United Kingdom; Muchie, M., Institute for Economic Research on Innovation, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Muchie, M., DIIPER, Aalborg University, Denmark	This paper attempts to explore the possible relationship between the characteristics of a National System of Innovation (NSI) and their impact on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) outcomes, particularly in developing countries. We employ a heuristic NSI-FDI conceptual framework linking the robustness of NSI to the benefits or lack of it from FDI. We create a taxonomy of NSIs as well-functioning/strong, relatively well-functioning and weak and try to empirically find out how each NSI type is related to the corresponding FDI outcomes. We examine whether a strong NSI can bring a high-end benefit from FDI, whether those with a weak NSI are at the low end of the FDI potential benefit spectrum, and whether a relatively well-functioning NSI is linked to medium or average FDI outcomes. We used descriptive data from selected developing economies - China, India, South Africa, Ghana, Ethiopia, Tanzania and Zambia - and applied this conceptual framework. Despite some data limitations, our case studies show that the characteristics and robustness (or lack of robustness) of NSI can impact on how FDI flows to a country and the kinds of outcomes it will produce, other things being equal. Therefore, how countries build their NSI matters significantly to national policy making. © 2009 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	China; Ethiopia; FDI; foreign direct investment; Ghana; India; national innovation system; South Africa; Tanzania; technology spillovers; Zambia	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899887387	Mobile HIV screening in Cape Town, South Africa: Clinical impact, cost and cost-effectiveness	Bassett I.V., Govindasamy D., Erlwanger A.S., Hyle E.P., Kranzer K., Van Schaik N., Noubary F., Paltiel A.D., Wood R., Walensky R.P., Losina E., Bekker L.-G., Freedberg K.A.	2014	PLoS ONE	9	1	10.1371/journal.pone.0085197	Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard University Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), Boston, MA, United States; Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States; Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Bassett, I.V., Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Harvard University Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), Boston, MA, United States; Govindasamy, D., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Erlwanger, A.S., Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Hyle, E.P., Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Kranzer, K., Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Van Schaik, N., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Noubary, F., Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States; Paltiel, A.D., Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States; Wood, R., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Walensky, R.P., Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Harvard University Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), Boston, MA, United States, Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Losina, E., Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Harvard University Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), Boston, MA, United States, Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Bekker, L.-G., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Freedberg, K.A., Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Harvard University Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), Boston, MA, United States, Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Background: Mobile HIV screening may facilitate early HIV diagnosis. Our objective was to examine the cost-effectiveness of adding a mobile screening unit to current medical facility-based HIV testing in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods and Findings: We used the Cost Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications International (CEPAC-I) computer simulation model to evaluate two HIV screening strategies in Cape Town: 1) medical facility-based testing (the current standard of care) and 2) addition of a mobile HIV-testing unit intervention in the same community. Baseline input parameters were derived from a Cape Town-based mobile unit that tested 18,870 individuals over 2 years: prevalence of previously undiagnosed HIV (6.6%), mean CD4 count at diagnosis (males 423/μL, females 516/μL), CD4 count-dependent linkage to care rates (males 31%-58%, females 49%-58%), mobile unit intervention cost (includes acquisition, operation and HIV test costs, $29.30 per negative result and $31.30 per positive result). We conducted extensive sensitivity analyses to evaluate input uncertainty. Model outcomes included site of HIV diagnosis, life expectancy, medical costs, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of the intervention compared to medical facility-based testing. We considered the intervention to be "very cost-effective" when the ICER was less than South Africa's annual per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ($8,200 in 2012). We projected that, with medical facility-based testing, the discounted (undiscounted) HIV-infected population life expectancy was 132.2 (197.7) months; this increased to 140.7 (211.7) months with the addition of the mobile unit. The ICER for the mobile unit was $2,400/year of life saved (YLS). Results were most sensitive to the previously undiagnosed HIV prevalence, linkage to care rates, and frequency of HIV testing at medical facilities. Conclusion: The addition of mobile HIV screening to current testing programs can improve survival and be very costeffective in South Africa and other resource-limited settings, and should be a priority. © 2014 Bassett et al.	None	adult; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; clinical effectiveness; cost effectiveness analysis; female; gross national product; health care cost; health care utilization; HIV test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; laboratory diagnosis; life expectancy; male; mobile HIV screening; sensitivity and specificity; South Africa; survival rate; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; cost benefit analysis; economics; epidemiology; HIV Infections; mass screening; outcome assessment; prevalence; preventive health service; procedures; statistical model; statistics and numerical data; survival; young adult; antiretrovirus agent; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Anti-Retroviral Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Health Care Costs; HIV Infections; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Mass Screening; Mobile Health Units; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Prevalence; South Africa; Survival Analysis; Young Adult	R01 MH073445, NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health; R01 MH090326, NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949426625	Evaluation of the in vivo antimalarial activity of ethanolic leaf and stembark extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis	Bassey A.S., Okokon J.E., Etim E.I., Umoh F.U., Bassey E.	2009	Indian Journal of Pharmacology	41	6	10.4103/0253-7613.59924	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Ni	Bassey, A.S., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Okokon, J.E., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Etim, E.I., Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Umoh, F.U., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Bassey, E., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria	Objective : To evaluate the in vivo antimalarial activities of ethanolic leaf and stembark extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis used traditionally as malarial remedy in Southern Nigeria in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei berghei. Methods: The ethanolic extracts of the A. djalonensis leaf (1000 - 3000 mg/kg/day) and stembark (220 - 660 mg/kg/day) were screened for blood schizonticidal activity against chloroquine-sensitive P. berghei in mice. The schizonticidal effect during early and established infections was investigated. Results: The A. djalonensis leaf extract (1000 - 3000 mg/kg/day) exhibited a significant antiplasmodial activity both in the 4-day early infection test and in the established infection with a considerable mean survival time, which was incomparable to that of the standard drug, chloroquine (5 mg/kg/day). The stembark extract (220 - 660 mg/kg/day) also demonstrated a promising blood schizontocidal activity in early and established infections. Conclusion: These plant extracts possess considerable antiplasmodial activities, which justify their use in ethnomedicine and can be exploited in malaria therapy.	Anthocleista djalonensis; Antimalarials; Antiplasmodial; P. berghei berghei	alcohol; alkaloid; Anthocleista djalonensis extract; antimalarial agent; cardiac glycoside; chloroquine; flavonoid; phlobatanin; plant extract; plant medicinal product; saponin; sugar; tannin; terpene; unclassified drug; acute toxicity; animal experiment; animal model; anthocleista djalonensis; antimalarial activity; article; bark; controlled study; dose response; drug screening; female; Gentianaceae; male; mouse; Nigeria; nonhuman; parasitemia; plant leaf; plant stem; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium berghei infection; schizont; survival time	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874078832	Capital structure, corporate financial performance and shareholders' investment decisions: A survey of selected nigerian companies	Bassey B.E., Inah E.U.	2012	European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences	None	54	None	Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B.1115, Calabar, 8037983154, Nigeria	Bassey, B.E., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B.1115, Calabar, 8037983154, Nigeria; Inah, E.U., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B.1115, Calabar, 8037983154, Nigeria	This study examines capital structure, corporate financial performance and shareholders' investment decisions. The greatest issue striving against the management of any firm in Nigeria and the world over is how to minimize cost of capital and maximize shareholders wealth. To achieve this major objective, financial managers of firms need to understand the source of capital to finance the growth of the firm and also the efficient use of the available capital. The study made use of an ex-post facto design and the data collected through the use of questionnaires were analyzed using the ordinary least square (OLS) method. The results therefore revealed that capital structure have a significant relationship with corporate financial performance and shareholders' investment decisions. Based on the findings obtained the study therefore concluded that capital structure ratios significantly influence investment decisions in companies, with most investors preferring to invest in companies with a smaller debt/equity ratio. Finally, it was recommended that retained earnings should be the first source of financing a business venture before considering debt and equity. Where extra fund is needed, the company should preferably go for equity capital as the risk would be shared among the different investors. © EuroJournals, Inc. 2012.	Debt; Debt/equity; Dividend per share; Earnings per share; Equity; Return on asset; Return on equity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955827737	The impact of immunization control activities on measles outbreaks in akwa ibom state, South-South, Nigeria	Bassey Enya B., Moses A.E., Udo S.M., Umo A.N.	2010	Online Journal of Health and Allied Sciences	9	1	None	Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Nigeria	Bassey Enya, B., Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Nigeria; Moses, A.E., Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Nigeria; Udo, S.M., Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Nigeria; Umo, A.N., Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Nigeria	Background: The increase of vaccination rates means that fewer children will be vulnerable to vaccine preventable diseases such as measles, which will invariably result in a drop in the infant mortality and morbidity rates. Objective: To assess the impact of the implementation of measles reduction strategies from 2006 to 2008 using the quarterly national program for immunization (NPI) in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria. Method: Following informed consent, individuals presenting with febrile rash illnesses were routinely bled and tested for measles specific IgM using commercially available ELISA kit-MV-ELISA (Enzygnost; Behring Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Results: A total of four hundred and four individuals comprising of 216 vaccinated and 188 unvaccinated, presenting with febrile rash illness were screened for measles specific IgM antibodies as indication of active infection between January 2006 and December 2008 out of which 122 (30.2%) had detectable levels of measles antibodies. Among the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups, 32 (14.8%) and 90 (47.9%) respectively were detected with measles IgM antibodies. The highest and lowest antibody levels were detected in 2006 (vaccinated: 54.7%; unvaccinated: 78.4%) and 2008 (vaccinated: 1.2%; unvaccinated: 12%) respectively. The distribution of measles burden by year show an overall decline in prevalence from 70% in 2006, 8.9% in 2007 to 3.7% in 2008. While, children under the age of 5 similarly had a decline in measles incidence of 73.3%, 10.7% and 3.3% respectively. Sex distribution of infection within the 3-year period shows that more females (37.4%) than males (21.2%) expressed measles IgM antibodies, and active infection was detected more in the rural (31.4%) than urban area (27.7%). However, findings indicate a tremendous decline in active infection in the rural areas from 67% in 2006 to 0% in 2008, and in the urban areas from 78% in 2006 to 9.3% in 2008 among both vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. A highly significant reduction in measles infection was observed more among males than females (P=0.009). Infection distribution by location did not show any significant difference (P=0.65) even though more individuals in the rural areas were noted with active infection. Conclusion: The study shows a highly significant reduction in measles burden among vaccinated individuals (P=0.0001) and invariably increases protective coverage of measles vaccination most especially among children under 5 years of age (P=0.0066) in the state. Findings justify effort by government and WHO in carrying immunization campaigns in children, 5-years and below irrespective of vaccination status and experience.	Akwa Ibom state; Measles vaccination; Measles-specific IgM	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84951202383	Values orientation, needs satisfaction and job performance of public servants in Cross River State of Nigeria	Bassey P.U., Omori A.E.	2015	Organizational Cultures	14	04-Mar	None	Department of Educational Psychology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Bassey, P.U., Department of Educational Psychology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Omori, A.E., University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of values orientation and needs satisfaction on public servants’ job performance in Cross River State, Nigeria. Survey data collected from five hundred (500) public servants were used in the study. In all, four hypotheses were formulated covering the variables in the study. The Workers’ Values Orientation, Needs Satisfaction and Performance Questionnaire (WVANSAPQ) was used, and data collected was tested at the 0.05 level of significance using the Pearson Moment Coefficient. The results and data analysis indicated that values orientation and needs satisfaction had significant influence on public servants’ job performance. Consequently, the study recommended that the government and counselors as well as employers of labour should embark on reorienting workers, particularly public servants in the area of values orientation and counseling in the public sector in order to raise their level of awareness and consciousness to the variables in the study as a means of facilitating their job effectiveness in the 21st century. © Common Ground, Peter Unoh Bassey, Anne Emmanuel Omori, All Rights Reserved.	Job performance; Needs satisfaction; Public servants; Values orientation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84958778137	Moving towards integrated policy formulation and evaluation: The green economy model	Bassi A.M.	2015	Environmental and Climate Technologies	16	1	10.1515/rtuect-2015-0009	School of Public Leadership, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, South Africa; KnowlEdge Srl, 35, via Col Di Lana, Castellanza, Italy	Bassi, A.M., School of Public Leadership, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, South Africa, KnowlEdge Srl, 35, via Col Di Lana, Castellanza, Italy	The mainstreaming of concepts related to the Green Economy, an action-oriented approach to reach sustainable development, has increased demands for integrated models that can shed light on the complex relations existing across social, economic and environmental indicators. A gap exists, whereby our thinking is rapidly evolving, but the tools available are still in the vast majority of cases sectorial, leading to planning processes taking place in silos. To avoid the emergence of side effects, and anticipate future threats and opportunities, a more systemic approach is needed. The Green Economy Model (GEM) was created taking into account four main capitals and their interconnections: physical capital, human capital, social capital and natural capital. The application of GEM in 10 countries has shown its capability to coherently represent reality and generate results that can more effectively inform decision making. © 2015 Andrea M. Bassi.	Green economy; Model; Natural capital; Policy; Simulation; System dynamics	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-37649005638	Evaluation of adherence, hydrophobicity, aggregation, and biofilm development of Flavobacterium johnsoniae-like isolates	Basson A., Flemming L.A., Chenia H.Y.	2008	Microbial Ecology	55	1	10.1007/s00248-007-9245-y	Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Basson, A., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Flemming, L.A., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Chenia, H.Y., Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Flavobacterium spp. isolates have been identified in diverse biofilm structures, but the mechanism of adherence has not been elucidated. The absence of conventional biofilm-associated structures such as fimbriae, pili, and flagella suggest that surface hydrophobicity, and/or autoaggregation and coaggregation may play an important role in adherence and biofilm formation. The biofilm-forming capacity of 29 Flavobacterium johnsoniae-like isolates obtained from South African aquaculture systems was assessed using microtiter plate assays. The role of hydrophobicity [salting aggregation test (SAT) and bacterial adherence to hydrocarbons (BATH) assays], autoaggregation, and coaggregation on biofilm formation by Flavobacterium spp. was also investigated, while biofilm structure was examined using flow cells and microscopy. All isolates displayed a hydrophilic nature, but showed varying levels of adherence in microtiter assays. Significant negative correlations were observed between adherence and biofilm-forming capacity in nutrient-poor medium at 26°C and BATH hydrophobicity and motility, respectively. Isolates displayed strain-to-strain variation in their autoaggregation indices and their abilities to coaggregate with various Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. Microcolony and/or biofilm development were observed microscopically, and flavobacterial isolates displayed stronger biofilm structures and interaction with a Vibrio spp. isolate than with an Aeromonas hydrophila isolate. The role of extracellular polysaccharides and specific outer membrane proteins will have to be examined to reveal mechanisms of adherence and coaggregation employed by biofilm-forming F. johnsoniae-like strains. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	None	congo red; polystyrene derivative; animal; aquaculture; article; bacterium adherence; biofilm; carp; classification; eel; fish disease; Flavobacterium; growth, development and aging; hydrophobicity; isolation and purification; metabolism; microbiology; physiology; rainbow trout; South Africa; Animals; Aquaculture; Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Carps; Congo Red; Eels; Fish Diseases; Flavobacterium; Hydrophobicity; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Polystyrenes; South Africa; Aeromonas hydrophila; Bacteria (microorganisms); Flavobacterium; Flavobacterium johnsoniae; Negibacteria; Posibacteria; Vibrio	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951553023	Genetic monitoring detects an overlooked cryptic species and reveals the diversity and distribution of three invasive Rattus congeners in south Africa	Bastos A.D., Nair D., Taylor P.J., Brettschneider H., Kirsten F., Mostert E., von Maltitz E., Lamb J.M., van Hooft P., Belmain S.R., Contrafatto G., Downs S., Chimimba C.T.	2011	BMC Genetics	12	None	10.1186/1471-2156-12-26	Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology (CIB), Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, KwaZulu-Natal, 3629, South Africa; Department of Ecology and Resource Management, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, P/Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Queenswood 0121, South Africa; Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands; Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom	Bastos, A.D., Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology (CIB), Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Nair, D., School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, KwaZulu-Natal, 3629, South Africa; Taylor, P.J., Department of Ecology and Resource Management, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, P/Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Brettschneider, H., Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa; Kirsten, F., ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Queenswood 0121, South Africa; Mostert, E., Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology (CIB), Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; von Maltitz, E., ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X134, Queenswood 0121, South Africa; Lamb, J.M., School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, KwaZulu-Natal, 3629, South Africa; van Hooft, P., Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa, Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands; Belmain, S.R., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Contrafatto, G., School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, KwaZulu-Natal, 3629, South Africa; Downs, S., School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, KwaZulu-Natal, 3629, South Africa; Chimimba, C.T., Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag 20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology (CIB), Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Background: South Africa's long and extensive trade activity has ensured ample opportunities for exotic species introduction. Whereas the rich biodiversity of endemic southern African fauna has been the focus of many studies, invasive vertebrates are generally overlooked despite potential impacts on biodiversity, health and agriculture. Genetic monitoring of commensal rodents in South Africa which uncovered the presence of Rattus tanezumi, a South-East Asian endemic not previously known to occur in Africa, provided the impetus for expanded studies on all invasive Rattus species present.Results: To this end, intensified sampling at 28 South African localities and at one site in Swaziland, identified 149 Rattus specimens. Cytochrome b gene sequencing revealed the presence of two R. tanezumi, seven Rattus rattus and five Rattus norvegicus haplotypes in south Africa. Phylogenetic results were consistent with a single, recent R. tanezumi introduction and indicated that R. norvegicus and R. rattus probably became established following at least two and three independent introductions, respectively. Intra- and inter-specific diversity was highest in informal human settlements, with all three species occurring at a single metropolitan township site. Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus each occurred sympatrically with Rattus tanezumi at one and five sites, respectively. Karyotyping of selected R. rattus and R. tanezumi individuals identified diploid numbers consistent with those reported previously for these cryptic species. Ordination of bioclimatic variables and MaxEnt ecological niche modelling confirmed that the bioclimatic niche occupied by R. tanezumi in south Africa was distinct from that occupied in its naturalised range in south-east Asia suggesting that factors other than climate may influence the distribution of this species.Conclusions: This study has highlighted the value of genetic typing for detecting cryptic invasive species, providing historical insights into introductions and for directing future sampling. The apparent ease with which a cryptic species can become established signals the need for broader implementation of genetic monitoring programmes. In addition to providing baseline data and potentially identifying high-risk introduction routes, the predictive power of ecological niche modelling is enhanced when species records are genetically verified. © 2011 Bastos et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	article; biodiversity; climate; diploidy; ecological niche; gene sequence; genetic identification; genetic variability; genetics; haplotype; karyotype; monitoring; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; phylogeny; rat; Rattus tanezumi; rodent; South Africa; Southeast Asia; species invasion; unindexed sequence; Africa south of the Sahara; animal; classification; genetics; introduced species; phylogeography; rat; Rattus; Rattus norvegicus; Rattus rattus; Rattus tanezumi; Rodentia; Vertebrata; cytochrome b; Africa South of the Sahara; Animals; Biodiversity; Cytochromes b; Introduced Species; Phylogeography; Rats; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954031582	Impact of strategic deployment of CHP-based DERs on microgrid reliability	Basu A.K., Chowdhury S., Chowdhury S.P.	2010	IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery	25	3	10.1109/TPWRD.2010.2047121	Electrical Engineering Department, C.I.E.M., Tollygunge, Kolkata 700040, India; Electrical Engineering Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa	Basu, A.K., Electrical Engineering Department, C.I.E.M., Tollygunge, Kolkata 700040, India; Chowdhury, S., Electrical Engineering Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; Chowdhury, S.P., Electrical Engineering Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa	Optimal deployment, with respect to locations, capacity sizes, and types of distributed energy resources (DERs), which are the main components in a microgrid system, are chosen for study in this paper. For the selection of optimal locations of DERs, the loss sensitivity index of each bus is taken into account. Whereas optimal size and its separation among microturbines, diesel generators and combustion turbines at each bus location are performed on the basis of the maximum benefit-to-cost ratio of the microgrid owner, obtained by using the particle swarm optimization technique and with respect to their reliable catering and quality of power as well as heat (i.e., combined-heat-and-power (CHP) operation) for customers. This paper conducts four separate case studiestwo on 6-bus systems (radial and meshed) and resting on 14-bus systems (the IEEE system and radial system)to show how much these systems are economically feasible for investment planning when cost and CHP benefits of various types of DERs are taken into account. Load profiles, tariffs, as well as the constructional cost of the microgrid itself are addressed in the six-bus meshed network and its central DER location in a district-heating paradigm is also done separately. © 2010 IEEE.	Benefit-to-cost ratio; energy resources; energy storages; particle swarm optimization (PSO); reliability	Benefit to cost ratios; Benefit-to-cost ratio; Bus systems; Combustion turbine; Diesel generators; Distributed Energy Resources; Investment planning; Load profiles; Loss sensitivity index; Main component; Meshed networks; Micro grid; Micro turbine; Optimal deployment; Optimal locations; Optimal size; Particle swarm optimization technique; Radial systems; Strategic deployment; Buses; Costs; Energy resources; Energy storage; Flywheels; Investments; Location; Reliability; Size separation; Turbines; Particle swarm optimization (PSO)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-24744458582	The impact of ebinyo, a form of dental mutilation, on the malocclusion status in Uganda	Bataringaya A., Ferguson M., Lalloo R.	2005	Community Dental Health	22	3	None	Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and WHO Oral Health Collaborating Centre, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Community Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry and WHO Oral Health Collaborating Centre, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; P.O. Box 5482, Kampala, Uganda	Bataringaya, A., Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and WHO Oral Health Collaborating Centre, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa, P.O. Box 5482, Kampala, Uganda; Ferguson, M., Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and WHO Oral Health Collaborating Centre, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Lalloo, R., Department of Community Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry and WHO Oral Health Collaborating Centre, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa	Introduction: The practice of extraction of ebinyo or false teeth is based on the belief that the rubbing of herbs on the gum (in the region of the canine) or the removal of the primary and/or permanent canine tooth buds will lead to the relief of childhood fevers and diarrhoea. The reported prevalence of this practice in Uganda and neighbouring countries is varied. Objective: A survey carried out in Kampala to determine the occlusal traits of fourteen-year-old children offered an opportunity to assess the effects of ebinyo (a dental mutilation based on local customs and superstitions) on the occlusal status of the sample population. Methods: 402 children aged fourteen years were examined according to the criteria of the Fédération Dentaire Internationale Commission on Classification and Statistics for Oral Conditions method for measuring occlusal traits (COCSTOC-MOT) proposed by Baume et al. (1973). Results: The most common dental anomaly was teeth missing due to extraction or trauma. Canines (28%) and mandibular first molars (28%) exhibited the highest frequency. Missing canines were four times more common in girls than boys, and three times greater in the maxilla than the mandible. Canines also accounted for 12.8% of the malformed teeth observed in the study. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the practice of ebinyo, although carried out early in the life of the child, can impact on the occlusal status in the permanent dentition years later. © BASCD 2005.	Dental mutilation; Ebinyo; False teeth; Malocclusion; Occlusal traits; Uganda	adolescent; African medicine; article; female; human; male; tooth extraction; tooth occlusion; Uganda; Adolescent; Dental Occlusion, Traumatic; Female; Humans; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Tooth Extraction; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952369825	Predictors of survival after a diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a resource-limited setting: A retrospective study on the impact of HIV infection and its treatment	Bateganya M.H., Stanaway J., Brentlinger P.E., Magaret A.S., Wald A., Orem J., Casper C.	2011	Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes	56	4	10.1097/QAI.0b013e31820c011a	Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 901 Boren Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, United States; Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States	Bateganya, M.H., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 901 Boren Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, United States; Stanaway, J., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 901 Boren Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, United States, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Brentlinger, P.E., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 901 Boren Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, United States; Magaret, A.S., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 901 Boren Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, United States; Wald, A., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 901 Boren Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, United States, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Orem, J., Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda; Casper, C., Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 901 Boren Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, United States, Department of Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States	Objective: We examined factors associated with survival among patients with newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in Uganda. Methods: Information was abstracted from medical records for all NHL patients >13 years of age at the Uganda Cancer Institute between January 2004 and August 2008. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify predictors of NHL survival. Results: One hundred sixty patients with NHL were identified; 51 (31.9%) were known to be HIV positive. Overall, 154 patients had records sufficient for further analysis. The median person-time observed was 104 days (interquartile range 26-222). Median survival after presentation among those whose mortality status was confirmed was 61 days (interquartile range 25-203). HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy had survival rates approximating those of HIV-negative persons, but the adjusted hazard of death was significantly elevated among HIV-positive patients not receiving antiretroviral therapy [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 8.99, P < 0.001] compared with HIV-negative patients. Both B-symptoms (HR 2.08, P = 0.05) and female gender (HR 1.72, P = 0.05) were associated with higher mortality. Conclusions: In Uganda, overall survival of NHL patients is poor, and predictors of survival differed from those described in resource-rich regions. HIV is a common comorbidity to NHL, and its lack of treatment was among the strongest predictors of mortality. Strategies are needed for optimal management of HIV-infected individuals with cancer in resource-limited settings. © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	antiretroviral therapy; HIV; non-Hodgkin lymphoma; Uganda	antiretrovirus agent; cyclophosphamide; doxorubicin; prednisone; vincristine; adolescent; adult; article; cancer chemotherapy; cancer mortality; cancer survival; controlled study; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; medical record; multiple cycle treatment; nonhodgkin lymphoma; prediction; priority journal; retrospective study; Uganda; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Developing Countries; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Survival Analysis; Uganda; Young Adult	None
WoS	WOS:000262233800001	Building capacity for antiretroviral delivery in South Africa: A qualitative evaluation of the PALSA PLUS nurse training programme	Bateman, E.,Bheekie, A.,English, R.,Fairall, L.,Lewin, S.,Mayers, P.,Stein, J.,Zwarenstein, M.	2008	BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH	8	None	10.1186/1472-6963-8-240	South African Medical Research Council, University of Cape Town, University of London, University of the Western Cape, University of Toronto, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Sunnybrook Res Inst	"Bateman, E.: University of Cape Town","Bheekie, A.: University of the Western Cape","Mayers, P.: University of Cape Town","Stein, J.: University of Cape Town",	Background: South Africa recently launched a national antiretroviral treatment programme. This has created an urgent need for nurse-training in antiretroviral treatment ( ART) delivery. The PALSA PLUS programme provides guidelines and training for primary health care (PHC) nurses in the management of adult lung diseases and HIV/AIDS, including ART. A process evaluation was undertaken to document the training, explore perceptions regarding the value of the training, and compare the PALSA PLUS training approach ( used at intervention sites) with the provincial training model. The evaluation was conducted alongside a randomized controlled trial measuring the effects of the PALSA PLUS nurse-training ( Trial reference number ISRCTN24820584). Methods: Qualitative methods were utilized, including participant observation of training sessions, focus group discussions and interviews. Data were analyzed thematically. Results: Nurse uptake of PALSA PLUS training, with regard not only to ART specific components but also lung health, was high. The ongoing on-site training of all PHC nurses, as opposed to the once-off centralized training provided for ART nurses only at non-intervention clinics, enhanced nurses' experience of support for their work by allowing, not only for ongoing experiential learning, supervision and emotional support, but also for the ongoing managerial review of all those infrastructural and system-level changes required to facilitate health provider behaviour change and guideline implementation. The training of all PHC nurses in PALSA PLUS guideline use, as opposed to ART nurses only, was also perceived to better facilitate the integration of AIDS care within the clinic context. Conclusion: PALSA PLUS training successfully engaged all PHC nurses in a comprehensive approach to a range of illnesses affecting both HIV positive and negative patients. PHC nurse-training for integrated systems-based interventions should be prioritized on the ART funding agenda. Training for individual provider behaviour change is nonetheless only one aspect of the ongoing system-wide interventions required to effect lasting improvements in patient care in the context of an over-burdened and under-resourced PHC system.	,ACCESS,CARE,COUNTRIES,CRISIS,"HEALTH SYSTEMS",HIV,HIV/AIDS,IMPLEMENTATION,TUBERCULOSIS,WILL	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34447262797	Evaluation of a learner-designed course for teaching health research skills in Ghana	Bates I., Ansong D., Bedu-Addo G., Agbenyega T., Akoto A.Y.O., Nsiah-Asare A., Karikari P.	2007	BMC Medical Education	7	None	10.1186/1472-6920-7-18	Disease Control Strategy Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Department of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana; Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana; School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana; Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana	Bates, I., Disease Control Strategy Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Ansong, D., Department of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana; Bedu-Addo, G., Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana; Agbenyega, T., School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana; Akoto, A.Y.O., Department of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana; Nsiah-Asare, A., Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana; Karikari, P., Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana	Background. In developing countries the ability to conduct locally-relevant health research and high quality education are key tools in the fight against poverty. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel UK accredited, learner-designed research skills course delivered in a teaching hospital in Ghana. Methods. Study participants were 15 mixed speciality health professionals from Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana. Effectiveness measures included process, content and outcome indicators to evaluate changes in learners' confidence and competence in research, and assessment of the impact of the course on changing research-related thinking and behaviour. Results were verified using two independent methods. Results. 14/15 learners gained research competence assessed against UK Quality Assurance Agency criteria. After the course there was a 36% increase in the groups' positive responses to statements concerning confidence in research-related attitudes, intentions and actions. The greatest improvement (45% increase) was in learners' actions, which focused on strengthening institutional research capacity. 79% of paired before/after responses indicated positive changes in individual learners' research-related attitudes (n = 53), 81% in intention (n = 52) and 85% in action (n = 52). The course had increased learners' confidence to start and manage research, and enhanced life-long skills such as reflective practice and self-confidence. Doing their own research within the work environment, reflecting on personal research experiences and utilising peer support and pooled knowledge were critical elements that promoted learning. Conclusion. Learners in Ghana were able to design and undertake a novel course that developed individual and institutional research capacity and met international standards. Learning by doing and a supportive peer community at work were critical elements in promoting learning in this environment where tutors were scarce. Our study provides a model for delivering and evaluating innovative educational interventions in developing countries to assess whether they meet external quality criteria and achieve their objectives. © 2007 Bates et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	article; behavior; clinical article; competence; controlled study; course evaluation; curriculum; evaluation; Ghana; health practitioner; human; knowledge; learning; medical education; medical practice; medical research; outcome assessment; peer group; quality control; self control; skill; teaching; thinking; work environment; curriculum; developing country; education; female; health care quality; health services research; male; methodology; professional competence; program development; Biomedical Research; Competency-Based Education; Developing Countries; Education, Medical, Graduate; Female; Ghana; Health Services Research; Humans; Male; Professional Competence; Program Development; Program Evaluation	None
None	None	Evaluation of the burden of unsuspected pulmonary tuberculosis and co-morbidity with non-communicable diseases in sputum producing adult inpatients	Bates M., O'Grady J., Mwaba P., Chilukutu L., Mzyece J., Cheelo B., Chilufya M., Mukonda L., Mumba M., Tembo J., Chomba M., Kapata N., Rachow A., Clowes P., Maeurer M., Hoelscher M., Zumla A.	2012	PLoS ONE	7	7	10.1371/journal.pone.0040774	Division of Infection and Immunity, Department of Infection, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Univ. of Zambia and University College London Medical School (UNZA-UCLMS) Res. and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia; National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia; Mbeya Medical Research Programme (MMRP), Mbeya, Tanzania; Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinikum of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany	Bates, M., Division of Infection and Immunity, Department of Infection, University College London, London, United Kingdom, Univ. of Zambia and University College London Medical School (UNZA-UCLMS) Res. and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; O'Grady, J., Division of Infection and Immunity, Department of Infection, University College London, London, United Kingdom, Univ. of Zambia and University College London Medical School (UNZA-UCLMS) Res. and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; Mwaba, P., Univ. of Zambia and University College London Medical School (UNZA-UCLMS) Res. and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia; Chilukutu, L., Univ. of Zambia and University College London Medical School (UNZA-UCLMS) Res. and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; Mzyece, J., Univ. of Zambia and University College London Medical School (UNZA-UCLMS) Res. and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; Cheelo, B., Univ. of Zambia and University College London Medical School (UNZA-UCLMS) Res. and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; Chilufya, M., Univ. of Zambia and University College London Medical School (UNZA-UCLMS) Res. and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; Mukonda, L., Univ. of Zambia and University College London Medical School (UNZA-UCLMS) Res. and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; Mumba, M., Univ. of Zambia and University College London Medical School (UNZA-UCLMS) Res. and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; Tembo, J., Univ. of Zambia and University College London Medical School (UNZA-UCLMS) Res. and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; Chomba, M., Univ. of Zambia and University College London Medical School (UNZA-UCLMS) Res. and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; Kapata, N., Univ. of Zambia and University College London Medical School (UNZA-UCLMS) Res. and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia, National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia; Rachow, A., Mbeya Medical Research Programme (MMRP), Mbeya, Tanzania; Clowes, P., Mbeya Medical Research Programme (MMRP), Mbeya, Tanzania; Maeurer, M., Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Hoelscher, M., Mbeya Medical Research Programme (MMRP), Mbeya, Tanzania, Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinikum of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Zumla, A., Division of Infection and Immunity, Department of Infection, University College London, London, United Kingdom, Univ. of Zambia and University College London Medical School (UNZA-UCLMS) Res. and Training Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia	Background: A high burden of tuberculosis (TB) occurs in sub-Saharan African countries and many cases of active TB and drug-resistant TB remain undiagnosed. Tertiary care hospitals provide an opportunity to study TB co-morbidity with non-communicable and other communicable diseases (NCDs/CDs). We evaluated the burden of undiagnosed pulmonary TB and multi-drug resistant TB in adult inpatients, regardless of their primary admission diagnosis, in a tertiary referral centre. Methodology/Principal Findings: In this prospective study, newly admitted adult inpatients able to produce sputum at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia, were screened for pulmonary TB using fluorescent smear microscopy and automated liquid culture. The burden of pulmonary TB, unsuspected TB, TB co-morbidity with NCDs and CDs was determined. Sputum was analysed from 900 inpatients (70.6% HIV infected) 277 (30.8%) non-TB suspects, 286 (31.8%) TB suspects and 337 (37.4%) were already receiving TB treatment. 202/900 (22.4%) of patients had culture confirmed TB. TB co-morbidity was detected in 20/275 (7.3%) NCD patients, significantly associated with diabetes (P = 0.006, OR 6.571, 95%CI: 1.706-25.3). 27/202 (13.4%) TB cases were unsuspected. There were 18 confirmed cases of MDR-TB, 5 of which were unsuspected. Conclusions/Significance: A large burden of unsuspected pulmonary TB co-morbidity exists in inpatients with NCDs and other CDs. Pro-active sputum screening of all inpatients in tertiary referral centres in high TB endemic countries is recommended. The scale of the problem of undiagnosed MDR-TB in inpatients requires further study. © 2012 Bates et al.	None	isoniazid; rifampicin; adult; aged; antibiotic resistance; article; bacterium culture; bronchus secretion; clinical evaluation; communicable disease; comorbidity; diabetes mellitus; disease association; disease course; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; laboratory automation; liquid culture; lung tuberculosis; major clinical study; male; multidrug resistant tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; screening; sputum analysis; sputum smear; Adult; Africa South of the Sahara; Female; Humans; Inpatients; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Sputum; Tertiary Care Centers; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846254052	Evaluation of radar multiple-scattering effects from a GPM perspective, Part II: Model results	Battaglia A., Ajewole M.O., Simmer C.	2006	Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology	45	12	None	Meteorological Institute, University of Bonn, Auf dem Hugel, 20, 53121 Bonn, Germany; Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Battaglia, A., Meteorological Institute, University of Bonn, Auf dem Hugel, 20, 53121 Bonn, Germany; Ajewole, M.O., Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Simmer, C., Meteorological Institute, University of Bonn, Auf dem Hugel, 20, 53121 Bonn, Germany	Multiple-scattering effects as sensed by radars in configurations useful in the context of the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) are evaluated for a range of meteorological profiles extracted from four different cloud-resolving model simulations. The multiple-scattering effects are characterized in terms of both the reflectivity enhancement and the linear depolarization ratio. When considering the copolarized reflectivity in spaceborne configurations, the multiple-scattering enhancement becomes a real issue for Ka-band radars, though it is generally negligible at the Ku band, except in meteorologically important situations such as when high rain rates and a considerable amount of ice are present aloft. At Ka band it can reach tens of decibels when systems of heavy cold rain are considered, that is, profiles that include rain layers with high-density ice particles aloft. On the other hand, particularly at 35 GHz, high values of the linear depolarization ratio are predicted even in airborne configurations because of multiple-scattering effects. This result should allow the observation of these features in field campaigns. © 2006 American Meteorological Society.	None	Computer simulation; Evaluation; Ice; Mathematical models; Meteorological radar; Global precipitation mission (GPM); Heavy cold rain; Ice particles; Radar multiple-scattering effects; Precipitation (meteorology); computer simulation; numerical model; radar; scattering	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846223462	Evaluation of radar multiple-scattering effects from a GPM perspective. Part I: Model description and validation	Battaglia A., Ajewole M.O., Simmer C.	2006	Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology	45	12	None	Meteorological Institute, University of Bonn, Auf dem Hugel, 20, 53121 Bonn, Germany; Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria	Battaglia, A., Meteorological Institute, University of Bonn, Auf dem Hugel, 20, 53121 Bonn, Germany; Ajewole, M.O., Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Simmer, C., Meteorological Institute, University of Bonn, Auf dem Hugel, 20, 53121 Bonn, Germany	A numerical model based on the Monte Carlo solution of the vector radiative transfer equation has been adopted to simulate radar signals. The model accounts for general radar configurations such as airborne/ spaceborne/ground based and monostatic/bistatic and includes the polarization and the antenna pattern as particularly relevant features. Except for contributions from the backscattering enhancement, the model is particularly suitable for evaluating multiple-scattering effects. It has been validated against some analytical methods that provide solutions for the first and second order of scattering of the copolar intensity for pencil-beam/Gaussian antennas in the transmitting/ receiving segment. The model has been applied to evaluate the multiple scattering when penetrating inside a uniform hydrometeor layer. In particular, the impact of the phase function, the range-dependent scattering optical thickness, and the effects of the antenna footprint are considered. © 2006 American Meteorological Society.	None	Computer simulation; Evaluation; Mathematical models; Monte Carlo methods; Vectors; Global precipitation mission (GPM); Radar configurations; Radar multiple-scattering effects; Radar signals; Vector radiative transfer equation; Meteorological radar; Monte Carlo analysis; numerical model; radar; radiative transfer; scattering	None
None	None	mHealth for Safer Deliveries: A mixed methods evaluation of the effect of an integrated mobile health intervention on maternal care utilization	Battle J.D., Farrow L., Tibaijuka J., Mitchell M.	2015	Healthcare	3	4	10.1016/j.hjdsi.2015.10.011	D-tree International, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Battle, J.D., D-tree International, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Farrow, L., D-tree International, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Tibaijuka, J., D-tree International, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mitchell, M., Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	[No abstract available]	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000290279700005	The impact of media coverage on the transmission dynamics of human influenza	Bauch, Chris T.,Bhunu, Claver P.,Dube, Nothabo,Smith, Robert J.,Tchuenche, Jean M.	2011	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	11	None	10.1186/1471-2458-11-S1-S5	University of Guelph, University of Ottawa, National University of Science & Technology - Zimbabwe, Natl Univ Sci & Technol	"Bauch, Chris T.: University of Guelph","Tchuenche, Jean M.: University of Guelph",	Background: There is an urgent need to understand how the provision of information influences individual risk perception and how this in turn shapes the evolution of epidemics. Individuals are influenced by information in complex and unpredictable ways. Emerging infectious diseases, such as the recent swine flu epidemic, may be particular hotspots for a media-fueled rush to vaccination; conversely, seasonal diseases may receive little media attention, despite their high mortality rate, due to their perceived lack of newness. Methods: We formulate a deterministic transmission and vaccination model to investigate the effects of media coverage on the transmission dynamics of influenza. The population is subdivided into different classes according to their disease status. The compartmental model includes the effect of media coverage on reporting the number of infections as well as the number of individuals successfully vaccinated. Results: A threshold parameter (the basic reproductive ratio) is analytically derived and used to discuss the local stability of the disease-free steady state. The impact of costs that can be incurred, which include vaccination, education, implementation and campaigns on media coverage, are also investigated using optimal control theory. A simplified version of the model with pulse vaccination shows that the media can trigger a vaccinating panic if the vaccine is imperfect and simplified messages result in the vaccinated mixing with the infectives without regard to disease risk. Conclusions: The effects of media on an outbreak are complex. Simplified understandings of disease epidemiology, propogated through media soundbites, may make the disease significantly worse.	,DISEASE,ERADICATION,MODELS,RATIO,VACCINE	None	None
WoS	WOS:000339385300014	Evaluation of health research capacity strengthening trainings on individual level: validation of a questionnaire	Bauer, Daniel,Fischer, Martin R.,Hoelscher, Michael,Huber, Johanna,Kapungu, Jerry,Kiessling, Claudia,Kroidl, Arne,Lennemann, Tessa,Maganga, Lucas,Opitz, Oliver,Salehe, Omari,Sigauke, Abbie	2014	JOURNAL OF EVALUATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE	20	4	10.1111/jep.12143	University of Munich, German Ctr Infect Res DZIF, Mbeya Referral Hosp, NIMR Mbeya Med Res Ctr	"Bauer, Daniel: University of Munich","Fischer, Martin R.: University of Munich","Huber, Johanna: University of Munich","Kiessling, Claudia: University of Munich","Opitz, Oliver: University of Munich",	Rationale, aims and objectives In the field of global health, research capacity strengthening is becoming a common concept for defining and improving research competencies on individual, organizational, national and supranational level. However, HRCS activities often lack evaluation procedures to measure their impact and to ensure their quality. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a short questionnaire to evaluate trainings in the field of health research capacity strengthening (HRCS). Method The questionnaire was developed by an interdisciplinary research team and tested in four different training settings at the Mbeya Medical Research Center and Mbeya Referral Hospital, Tanzania. Construct validity of the questionnaire was tested based on 97 responses of the participants of four trainings. Results Iterative checking of Cronbach's alpha of the subscales and exploratory factor analysis revealed a four-factor solution that differed from the original structure and subscales of the questionnaire. The instrument was adapted accordingly and consists now of four subscales with 19 items, three global impression items, and open questions for participants' comments and recommendations. Conclusions The result of the study is a short, validated questionnaire for the evaluation of HRCS trainings on the individual level. The tool can be applied both to measure the short-term effects of international health research capacity trainings and to ensure their quality. In the future, after collecting larger sample sizes, a confirmatory factor analysis should be done to further support the four factors.	evaluation,"HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH","PUBLIC HEALTH","BUILDING CAPACITY",PROGRAM	None	None
None	None	Integrating family planning services into HIV care and treatment clinics in Tanzania: Evaluation of a facilitated referral model	Baumgartner J.N., Green M., Weaver M.A., Mpangile G., Kohi T.W., Mujaya S.N., Lasway C.	2014	Health Policy and Planning	29	5	10.1093/heapol/czt043	FHI 360, Washington, DC 20009, United States; FHI 360, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; TUNAJALI II, Deloitte, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Futures Group, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Baumgartner, J.N., FHI 360, Washington, DC 20009, United States; Green, M., FHI 360, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States; Weaver, M.A., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Mpangile, G., TUNAJALI II, Deloitte, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kohi, T.W., Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mujaya, S.N., Futures Group, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lasway, C., FHI 360, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States	Background Many clients of HIV care and treatment services have unmet contraceptive needs. Integrating family planning (FP) services into HIV services is an increasingly utilized strategy for meeting those unmet needs. However, numerous models for services integration are potentially applicable for clients with diverse health needs. This study developed and tested a 'facilitated referral' model for integrating FP into HIV care and treatment in Tanzania with the primary outcome being a reduction in unmet need for contraception among female clients. Methods The facilitated referral model included seven distinct steps for service providers. A quasi-experimental, pre-and post-test, repeated cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the model. Female clients at 12 HIV care and treatment clinics (CTCs) were interviewed pre-and post-intervention and CTC providers were interviewed post-intervention. Results A total of 323 CTC clients were interviewed pre-intervention and 299 were interviewed post-intervention. Among all clients, the adjusted decrease in proportion with unmet need (3%) was not significant (P = 0.103) but among only sexually active clients, the adjusted decrease (8%) approached significance (P = 0.052). Furthermore, the proportion of sexually active clients using a contraceptive method post-intervention increased by an estimated 12% (P = 0.013). Dual method use increased by 16% (P = 0.004). Increases were observed for all seven steps of the model from pre-to post-intervention. All providers (n = 45) stated that FP integration was a good addition although there were implementation challenges. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the facilitated referral model is a feasible strategy for integrating FP into HIV care and treatment services. The findings show that this model resulted in increased contraceptive use among HIV-positive female clients. By highlighting the distinct steps necessary for facilitated referrals, this study can help inform both programmes and future research efforts in services integration. © 2013 The Author.	family planning; HIV; referrals; service integration; Tanzania	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871094915	Impact of a Provider Job Aid Intervention on Injectable Contraceptive Continuation in South Africa	Baumgartner J.N., Morroni C., Mlobeli R.D., Otterness C., Buga G., Chen M.	2012	Studies in Family Planning	43	4	10.1111/j.1728-4465.2012.00328.x	Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, FHI 360, 1825 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009, United States; Women's Health Research Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Health Services Research, Biostatistics, FHI 360, Durham, NC, United States; Biostatistics, FHI 360, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa	Baumgartner, J.N., Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, FHI 360, 1825 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009, United States; Morroni, C., Women's Health Research Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Mlobeli, R.D., Women's Health Research Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Otterness, C., Health Services Research, Biostatistics, FHI 360, Durham, NC, United States; Buga, G., Biostatistics, FHI 360, Durham, NC, United States; Chen, M., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa	Arriving late for scheduled contraceptive reinjections is common in many countries and contributes to discontinuation when providers are unsure how to manage such clients. A clinic-randomized cohort and cross-sectional study with more than 5,000 clients using injectable contraceptives was conducted in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa to test the effectiveness of a provider job aid for managing late-returning clients and promoting continued use of the method. A marginally significant difference in reinjection rates between intervention and control groups was found for those up to two weeks late, and reanalysis excluding one clinic that experienced stockout issues revealed a significant difference. The difference in reinjection rates for those 2-12 weeks late was also found to be significant. The one-reinjection cycle continuation rate for the intervention group was higher than that for the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Appropriate management of late-returning clients is critical, and this study illustrates that reinjection rates can be significantly increased with a low-resource provider job aid. © 2012 The Population Council, Inc.	None	contraceptive agent; accessibility; aid flow; contraceptive use; population policy; adult; article; clinical protocol; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; counseling; cross-sectional study; health promotion; human; in service training; intramuscular drug administration; multicenter study; organization and management; outpatient department; patient attitude; practice guideline; randomized controlled trial; socioeconomics; South Africa; statistics; time; Adult; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Clinical Protocols; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Counseling; Cross-Sectional Studies; Health Promotion; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Inservice Training; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Public Sector; Socioeconomic Factors; South Africa; Time Factors; Eastern Cape; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925396731	Impacts of Large-scale Land Investments on Income, Prices, and Employment: Empirical Analyses in Ethiopia	Baumgartner P., von Braun J., Abebaw D., Müller M.	2015	World Development	72	None	10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.02.017	University of Bonn (ZEF), Germany c-Ethiopian Economics Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), Rome; Ethiopian Economic Policy Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Baumgartner, P., University of Bonn (ZEF), Germany c-Ethiopian Economics Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), Rome; von Braun, J., University of Bonn (ZEF), Germany c-Ethiopian Economics Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abebaw, D., Ethiopian Economic Policy Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Müller, M., University of Bonn (ZEF), Germany c-Ethiopian Economics Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	We review the trend and types of large-scale land transaction in Ethiopia since 1992 and assess the impacts of one such investment using four scenarios: (i) a baseline scenario; (ii) the forest loss resulting from the land transfer; (iii) the operation of the investment at full scale and (iv) an alternative scenario of a smaller investment paired with a more inclusive rural development policy. Results showed that forest resources are important for the rural poor, but that losses can be offset by gains from employment generation and business opportunities. The alternative scenario indicated opportunities for better social and environmental sustainability. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Africa; Agricultural labor markets; Ethiopia; Land markets; Land rights; Rural development	agricultural labor; agricultural land; business; employment generation; forest resource; income; investment; labor market; land rights; rural development; rural policy; Ethiopia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845619157	Effects of various durations of water deprivation on performance of weaner rabbits in a sub-humid environment	Bawa G.S., Afolayan S.B., Olumeyan D.B., Ashiru R.	2006	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	5	6	10.3923/pjn.2006.551.554	Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; College of Agriculture, DAC, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Bawa, G.S., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Afolayan, S.B., College of Agriculture, DAC, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Olumeyan, D.B., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Ashiru, R., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of various duration of water deprivation on performance of weaner rabbits in a sub-humid environment. Forty eight (48) nine-week old weaner rabbits of mixed breed and sex with an average initial weight of 622 ± 0.12g were used for the study which lasted 56 days There were four watering treatments such that water supply was restricted for 0, 6, 12 or 18 hours corresponding to 24, 18, 12 or 6 hours of access to water per day respectively. The rabbits were randomly assigned based on initial live weight and sex to the four watering treatments in a completely randomized design. Free water intake decreased linearly and significantly (P<0.05) as the duration of water deprivation increased. There were no significant treatment effects (P>0.05) on daily feed intake. There were significant (P<0.05) decreases in live weight gains, feed efficiency and water to feed ratio with increase in duration of water deprivation respectively. Mortality rate of about 16 and 33% were recorded among rabbits groups deprived of water for 12 and 18 hours per day respectively. Results of the study showed that for optimum growth performance, weaning rabbits should have access to free drinking water for a minimum period of 12 hours in a day. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.	Sub-humid environment; Water deprivation; Weaner rabbits	drinking water; animal experiment; article; body growth; body weight; controlled study; female; fluid intake; food intake; humidity; male; mortality; nonhuman; rabbit; statistical significance; water deprivation; water supply; weaning; weight gain; Oryctolagus cuniculus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34147100219	Effect of different methods of processing neem (Azadirachta indica) seeds on performance of young rabbits	Bawa G.S., Orunmuyi M., Agbaji A.S., Ladan Z., Okekeifi U.O.	2007	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	6	3	None	National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Basawa, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Bawa, G.S., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Orunmuyi, M., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Agbaji, A.S., National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Basawa, Zaria, Nigeria; Ladan, Z., National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Basawa, Zaria, Nigeria; Okekeifi, U.O., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	A feeding trial using sixty (60) weaner rabbits with an average initial live weight of 560 ± 0.80g was conducted to determine the effects of different methods of processing neem seeds on their performance and carcass characteristics. The rabbits were assigned to five dietary treatments based on their initial live weight and sex. There were twelve individually caged rabbits per treatment. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (18% CP). Diet 1 (control) was a Maize-Groundnut cake based diet without neem seed. Diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 had raw milled neem seed (RMNS), hydraulic press neem seed cake (HNSC), Solvent Extracted neem seed cake (SNSC) and Expeller neem seed cake (ENSC) included at 20% level, respectively. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Weekly feed intake and body weight changes were determined and feed efficiency calculated. At the end of the 63-day feeding trial, four rabbits per treatment were selected based on the group average weight and sacrificed for carcass evaluation. Blood samples were also obtained from the animals to evaluate Packcell volume (PCV), Haemoglobim (Hb) and Total protein (TP). The results showed that rabbits fed the processed neem seed cake diets had growth performance that were statistically comparable to those fed the control diet. Animals on processed neem seed cake diets had significantly (P<0.05) improved performance over and above those fed the raw neem seed diets. Animals on raw neem seed cake diet had consistently low value for PVC, Hb and TP. The use of solvent extracted neem seed cake in rabbit diet was favoured in this study. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Expeller extraction; Hydraulic extraction; Neem; Rabbit; Solvent extraction	hemoglobin; animal experiment; animal food; article; Azadirachta indica; blood analysis; blood sampling; body weight; controlled study; dietary intake; food analysis; food composition; food processing; hemoglobin determination; intermethod comparison; maize; nonhuman; nutritional health; nutritional value; peanut; plant seed; protein determination; solvent extraction; weight change; Animalia; Azadirachta indica; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349647847	Studies on performance of young African goats fed diets containing sulphur additive	Bawala T.O., Akinsoyinu A.O., Yusuf A.O.	2009	Nutrition and Food Science	39	4	10.1108/00346650910976301	Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Bawala, T.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Akinsoyinu, A.O., Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Yusuf, A.O., Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of dietary sulphur supplementation from elemental sulphur on the growth performance, nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) utilisation, rumen microbial volatile fatty acids production, acid/base balance, serum biochemical status and haematological profile of young West African dwarf and Red Sokoto (Maradi) goats, with a view of improving their nutrition for greater performance. Design/methodology/approach - Twenty-four (12 of each) growing West African dwarf and Red Sokoto goats were fed isonitrogenous (17 per cent) and isocaloric (3.98 Mcal/kgDM) treatments containing varying levels of elemental sulphur at (percentage DM) 0.00, 0.15 and 0.20 in a 2×3 factorial arrangement within randomized complete block design. After a 61 day feeding trial, the performances of the goats were assessed and compared. Findings - The results showed that S supplementation increased (p<0.05) weight gain and feed efficiency in the fed goats with those on 0.20 per cent S level recorded highest values. Similar trends were observed for N and S retention, haematological and serum biochemical studies. S supplementation did not influence (p>0.05) ruminal pH, lactate and acid/base balance. Increased dietary S inclusion increased (p<0.05) molar proportions of acetate and priopionate. Practical implications - Owing to the outstanding performances of goats fed 0.15 and 0.20 per cent S dietary levels relative to their contemporaries on an unsupplemented (0.00 per cent) S diet, inclusion of S in the diet of growing animals becomes necessary for optimal production. Originality/value - The paper provides information on the influence of sulphur on animal performance as poor nutrition constitutes a limiting factor to animal production. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Diet; Livestock; Nutrition; Sulphur	Animalia; Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887087518	Performance Appraisal or Praising Performance? The Culture of Rhetoric in Performance Management in Ghana Civil Service	Bawole J.N., Hossain F., Domfeh K.A., Bukari H.Z., Sanyare F.	2013	International Journal of Public Administration	36	13	10.1080/01900692.2013.773030	Department of Public Administration, University of Ghana Business School, Accra, Ghana; Institute for Development Policy and Management, School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Social, Political and Historical Studies, University for Development Studies, Wa, Ghana	Bawole, J.N., Department of Public Administration, University of Ghana Business School, Accra, Ghana; Hossain, F., Institute for Development Policy and Management, School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Domfeh, K.A., Department of Public Administration, University of Ghana Business School, Accra, Ghana; Bukari, H.Z., Institute for Development Policy and Management, School of Environment and Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Sanyare, F., Department of Social, Political and Historical Studies, University for Development Studies, Wa, Ghana	This article examines the practice of performance appraisal as a critical element of administrative culture in the Ghana Civil Service (CS). It relies on three focus group discussions with senior civil servants to analyze the practice and its implications for performance of civil servants in Ghana. The article argues that: leadership seldom gives the needed attention to this administrative practice; the process lacks objectivity; it is fraught with superstition, spirituality, and fear; appraisers are rarely trained; and civil servants only become more interested in performance appraisals (PAs) during promotion-related interviews. The article therefore concludes that this process has become rhetoric rather than an important practice and that performance only gets praised rather than being appraised. The article recommends an overhaul of the PA system by integrating it into a holistic performance management program; integrating PA training into civil service mandatory training programs; and the revision and computerization of the PA system. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	administrative culture; Ghana Civil Service; performance appraisal; performance management; rhetoric	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947424985	Impact of teachers’ beliefs on mathematics education	Bayaga A., Wadesango N., Wadesango O.V.	2015	Africa Education Review	12	2	10.1080/18146627.2015.1108008	Department of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, University of Zululand, South Africa; Centre of Academic Excellence, University of Limpopo, South Africa; Teaching and Learning Centre, University of Limpopo, South Africa	Bayaga, A., Department of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, University of Zululand, South Africa; Wadesango, N., Centre of Academic Excellence, University of Limpopo, South Africa; Wadesango, O.V., Teaching and Learning Centre, University of Limpopo, South Africa	The objective of the current study was to analyse the impact of teachers’ personal theory and beliefs (PTB) towards Mathematics teaching. A total of 183 respondents were involved in this study, using the stratified random sampling method with Cronbach's alpha of 0.87. Due to the objective of the research and the hypothesis, it was positioned within the positivist paradigm following a survey design, concentrating on Bachelor of Education and Postgraduate Certificate Education students, with a quantitative approach. The instrument of data collection was a structured questionnaire schedule. All selected respondents (using a questionnaire) were students of University of Fort Hare, enrolled in either the Bachelor of Education (BEd) or Postgraduate Certificate of Education (PGCE) programme. Using analysis of variance (ANOVA), the results revealed that there was no significant effect of age and race on learning of Mathematics amongst BEds and PGCEs candidates. © 2015 University of South Africa.	instructional practices; mathematics belief and motivation; mathematics education; motivation theory; south africa raven's standard progressive	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877091791	Information and communication technology (ICT) risk models and performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs)	Bayaga A.	2013	Anthropologist	15	2	None	University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa	Bayaga, A., University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa	The focus of this study was to investigate the relationship between: (1) Information and Communication Technology (ICT) operational risk management (ORM) and (2) performances of SMEs. In order to understand the degree of association between the performances of SMEs and the independent variables, multiple regression was performed. The study was based upon survey design to collect the primary data from 107 respondents using the simple random sampling technique. The findings of the distribution revealed that only one variable made significant percentage contribution to the level of ICT operation in SMEs, thus (Payback method) (β = 0.410, p <.000). Conclusively, in answering the two questions (1) degree of variability explained and (2) predictors, the results revealed that the variables contributed approximately 88.4% of the variations in evaluation models affecting ICT adoption within SMEs. Following the findings of the current research, it is recommended that managers in SMEs need to be equipped to identify, analyse and manage ICT operation from a more diverse range of sources and contexts. © Kamla-Raj 2013.	Evaluation models; Information technology; Operational risk; Risk; SMEs	None	None
WoS	WOS:000296232300043	An evaluation of the present status of the certificate in school business management	Bayat, Abdullah,Combrinck, Theodore,Naicker, Visvanathan	2011	AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT	5	15	None	University of the Western Cape	"Bayat, Abdullah: University of the Western Cape","Combrinck, Theodore: University of the Western Cape","Naicker, Visvanathan: University of the Western Cape"	By almost any measure, most South African public schools, and especially schools in the Western Cape, have under-performed academically. For a number of years, there has existed a wide degree of consensus among education stakeholders, and particularly in government, that the problems in our schools extend beyond mere academic under-achievement. Principals need to be occupied with the tasks of managing and leading teaching and learning, that is, instruction leadership, and not managing routine administrative matters only. In recognising the potential of school administrative personnel to provide relief and support for the administrative role of principals, the Western Cape Government initiated a training course in July, 2008 for school business administrators. The course was modelled on a very successful training course developed in the United Kingdom.	"school administration","School bursars","school business management","school evaluation",GOVERNANCE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349673718	Impact of management interventions on smallholder dairy farms of the western highlands of cameroon	Bayemi P.H., Webb E.C., Ndambi A., Ntam F., Chinda V.	2009	Tropical Animal Health and Production	41	6	10.1007/s11250-008-9278-3	Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Bambui B.P., 51 Bamenda, Cameroon; Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Prestoria, South Africa; IFCN Dairy Research Center, Schauenburger Str. 116, 24118 Kiel, Germany	Bayemi, P.H., Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Bambui B.P., 51 Bamenda, Cameroon; Webb, E.C., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Prestoria, South Africa; Ndambi, A., IFCN Dairy Research Center, Schauenburger Str. 116, 24118 Kiel, Germany; Ntam, F., Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Bambui B.P., 51 Bamenda, Cameroon; Chinda, V., Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Bambui B.P., 51 Bamenda, Cameroon	A study was carried out to evaluate the impact of interventions to solve constraints in smallholder dairy farms of the Western Highlands of Cameroon. The interventions consisted of improved breeding through introduction of artificial insemination, better feed supplementation, farmers training in milk processing and better veterinary services. Results show that there was a decrease in average monthly expenditures of 18% relative to the month before interventions started. Much of the expenditures were related to feed (38% of all costs). There was an overall increase in farm income. Close to 2/3 of the income were derived from milk products from home processed milk and culled animals. Only 7% income came from milk sold to the processing plant. The partial budget shows that before interventions, farmers lost $4.5/cow/month but gained $38/cow/month because of the interventions. The return was 2.32 and included opportunity income for milk home consumed and shared. When this opportunity income was ignored, the return stood at 1.93. The positive impact of interventions led to poverty alleviation and some farmers acquired more cows. A spill over effect is that more crop farmers are willing to be engaged at least partially in dairy farming. It will be good if many more farmers could benefit from these interventions. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.	Cameroon; Interventions; Partial budget; Smallholder dairy	animal; animal husbandry; article; breeding; Cameroon; cattle; dairying; economics; management; methodology; organization and management; statistics; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Breeding; Cameroon; Cattle; Dairying; Management Audit; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952187358	Study on seroprevalence, risk factors, and economic impact of foot-and-mouth disease in Borena pastoral and agro-pastoral system, southern Ethiopia	Bayissa B., Ayelet G., Kyule M., Jibril Y., Gelaye E.	2011	Tropical Animal Health and Production	43	4	10.1007/s11250-010-9728-6	Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre zeit, Ethiopia; National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P.O. Box 19, Debre zeit, Ethiopia	Bayissa, B., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre zeit, Ethiopia; Ayelet, G., National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P.O. Box 19, Debre zeit, Ethiopia; Kyule, M., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre zeit, Ethiopia; Jibril, Y., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Debre zeit, Ethiopia; Gelaye, E., National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P.O. Box 19, Debre zeit, Ethiopia	Cross-sectional serological study and questionnaire survey were conducted in Borana pastoral and agro-pastoral area to determine seroprevalence and risk factors associated with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) infection and to assess community perceptions as to importance of the disease. A multistage random sampling was carried out to select cattle for seroprevalence and households for interviews. Totally, 768 sera were collected from 111 herds. The overall individual level seroprevalence of 23.0% (n=177) and herd level seroprevalence of 58.6% (n=65) were recorded using 3ABC ELISA test. The variation of individual level seroprevalence in districts were statistically significant (P < 0.05) which was 29.9% in Arero, 24.0% in Yabello, and 15.7% in Teltele. From multivariate logistic regression analysis, herd size and age were seen to be significantly (P < 0.05) associated with FMD seroprevalence. The result of the questionnaire survey based on 120 respondents indicated that, the daily milk yield of cows infected with FMD during outbreaks is reduced to an average of 0.5 L for 25.5 days while cows developing heat-intolerance syndrome after acute infection gave an average 0.67 L for 3.8 months and their calving interval prolonged about 12 months. The questionnaire survey in agro-pastoral area of Borena also indicated that FMD-infected oxen remained off-plough for one season when outbreaks occur in cropping time, whereas heat-intolerant oxen were no longer used for traction. These findings of the present study indicated that FMD is a highly prevalent and economically important disease in the Borana pastoral and agro-pastoral production systems which need effective control strategy for the disease. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Agro-pastoral and pastoral; Economic impact; Foot-and-mouth disease; Risk factors; Seroprevalence; Southern Ethiopia	virus antibody; animal; animal disease; animal husbandry; article; blood; cattle; cattle disease; cross-sectional study; economics; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; epidemic; epidemiology; Ethiopia; female; foot and mouth disease; Foot and mouth disease virus; human; immunology; male; milk; prevalence; questionnaire; risk factor; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disease Outbreaks; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Ethiopia; Female; Foot-and-Mouth Disease; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus; Humans; Male; Milk; Prevalence; Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645690421	Evaluation of some herbaceous legumes for use as green manure crops in the rainfed rice based cropping system in Northern Ghana	Bayorbor T.B., Addai I.K., Lawson I.Y.D., Dogbe W., Djabletey D.	2006	Journal of Agronomy	5	1	10.3923/ja.2006.137.141	Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box 1350, Tamale, Ghana; Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 52, Tamale, Ghana	Bayorbor, T.B., Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box 1350, Tamale, Ghana; Addai, I.K., Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box 1350, Tamale, Ghana; Lawson, I.Y.D., Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box 1350, Tamale, Ghana; Dogbe, W., Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 52, Tamale, Ghana; Djabletey, D., Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 52, Tamale, Ghana	Five herbaceous legumes, Mucuna pruriens var. nagaland, Mucuna pruriens var. cochichinensis, Crotalaria refusa, Crotalaria juncea and Canavalia ensiformis were evaluated as green manure crops for rain fed rice at Nyankpala, Ghana in the interior guinea savanna zone of Ghana during the 2003 and 2004 cropping seasons. The Mucuna and Canavalia were planted at a spacing of 20x60 cm. Crotalaria was drilled at a seeding rate of 50 kg ha -1 with 20 cm in between the rows. At flowering, the legumes were incorporated into the soil and rice planted. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 0, 30 or 60 kg ha -1 three weeks after planting rice. The treatment combinations were laid out in a factorial experiment in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Results have shown that nodulation differed significantly among the legumes. Canavalia ensiformis (CE) gave the highest biomass followed by Mucuna pruriens var nagaland (MN). Mucuna pruriens var. nagaland (MN) gave the highest N accumulation. Incorporation of Mucuna pruriens var nagaland plus fertilizer application (30 kg N ha -1) enhanced yield of rice. It is recommended that for increased yield of rice, farmers in Northern Region of Ghana could integrate Mucuna pruriens var nagaland (MN) into their cropping system with fertilizer N application not exceeding 30 kg N ha -1. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Biomass production; Green manure; Herbaceous legumes; Nodulation; Rice-based cropping systems	Canavalia; Canavalia ensiformis; Crotalaria; Crotalaria juncea; Mucuna; Mucuna deeringiana; Mucuna pruriens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886233041	Evaluation of starch from new sweet potato genotypes for use as a pharmaceutical diluent, binder or disintegrant	Bayor M.T., Tuffour E., Lambon P.S.	2013	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science	3	None	10.7324/JAPS.2013.38.S4	Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana	Bayor, M.T., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Tuffour, E., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Lambon, P.S., Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana	Starches from four new sweet potato genotypes were evaluate for use as tablet diluents, binders and disintegrants; using a commercially available maize starch as reference. The pre-formulation studies established low pH (5.1-5.9) and moisture content (10.0-13.1%), but high bulk density (0.50-0.58), tapped density (0.75-0.82) and true density (1.15-1.18) for the sweet potato starches. Hardness and friability of tablets formulated with sweet potato starches as binder were significantly better (p = 0.001) than similar compacts containing maize starch. The sweet potato starches also caused significantly faster tablet disintegration and release of paracetamol (p = 0.005). The results established the sweet potato starches as stronger pharmaceutical diluents, binders and disintegrants, compared to the commercially available maize starch. © 2013 Manoharan Sharanya et al.	Binder; Diluent; Disintegrant; Excipient; Genotype; Starch; Sweet potato	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942868582	Evaluation of non-genetic factors affecting calf growth, reproductive performance and milk yield of traditionally managed Sheko cattle in southwest Ethiopia	Bayou E., Haile A., Gizaw S., Mekasha Y.	2015	SpringerPlus	4	1	10.1186/s40064-015-1340-9	Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, P.O. Box 5689, C/O ILRI Addis, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Bayou, E., Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Haile, A., International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, P.O. Box 5689, C/O ILRI Addis, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Gizaw, S., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Mekasha, Y., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The study was conducted to estimate calf growth, reproductive performance and milk yield of Ethiopia Sheko cattle and to assess non-genetic factors affecting their performance in their home tract as a step towards designing sustainable cattle conservation and improvement strategy. All the growth traits considered in the study were significantly affected by all non-genetic factors considered except for the fixed effects of Agro ecological zones (AEZs) and season of birth which were not significant for post weaning daily gain. Calving interval (CI) and days open (DO) were significantly influenced by AEZs, season and dam parity. Cows that calved in lowland had shorter CI and DO than cows which calved in midland. Cows that calved in short rainy season had Short CI and DO than those calved during dry season or long rainy season. Cows which calved for the first time had the longest CI and DO from the other parities whereas cows on their fifth parity had the shortest CI and DO. AEZ significantly affected lactation milk yield (LMY) and lactation length (LL), but not significant on daily milk yield (DMY) and 305 days yield (305DY). Season was significant on all milk traits considered except DMY. Parity effect was significant on LMY and 305DY, whereas DMY and LL were not affected. The non-genetic factors had significant effects for all of the reproductive; and many of the growth and milk performance traits considered and hence will need to be considered in cattle breed improvement program. © 2015, Bayou et al.	Lowland; Midland; Monitoring; Non-genetic; Performance; Sheko	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45549084977	Impacts of clearing invasive alien plants from 1995 to 2005 on vegetation structure, invasion intensity and ground cover in a temperate to subtropical riparian ecosystem	Beater M.M.T., Garner R.D., Witkowski E.T.F.	2008	South African Journal of Botany	74	3	10.1016/j.sajb.2008.01.174	Restoration and Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	Beater, M.M.T., Restoration and Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Garner, R.D., Restoration and Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Witkowski, E.T.F., Restoration and Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	The impacts of invasive alien plants (IAP) and their subsequent clearing by the Working for Water Programme (WfW) on (a) overstorey (woody plant) vegetation structure, (b) invasion intensity (overstorey aerial cover of woody alien plants) and (c) ground cover, in a temperate to subtropical riparian ecosystem were studied in 1996/7 and again in 2005, in order to provide a longer-term perspective on the effectiveness of WfW clearing. Forty 1000 m2 plots were surveyed and resurveyed, comparing between (a) higher altitude Grassland and lower altitude Savanna, (b) high (&gt; 50% invasion intensity) versus low (&lt; 50% invasion intensity) alien invasion sites, and (c) WfW cleared versus uncleared sites (the three 'treatments'). Pre-clearing estimates from cut stumps in 1996/7 indicated high alien invasion intensities of 72 ± 8% in Grassland and 69 ± 11% in Savanna. From 1996/7 to 2005 there was a large decrease in aerial cover of alien trees of &gt; 5 m and to a lesser extent 2-5 m in height, and a large increase in alien plants of &lt; 2 m. Hence WfW was initially successful, with the original tall Eucalyptus grandis tree layer largely removed. However, total invasion intensity remained unchanged over the first decade (30.4 ± 4.6% in 1996/7, 31.9 ± 3.2% in 2005). From 1996/7 to 2005, grass and herbaceous cover decreased, while bare soil and litter increased, indicating reduced surface stability. This was in response to (a) the major flood event of February 2000, (b) the effects of IAP invasions and (c) WfW clearing. Total ground vegetation cover was negatively related to alien aerial cover in both biome reaches in 1996/7 and 2005. By 2005, there were no longer any differences in the aerial cover of woody alien plants in response to the original 1996/7 invasion intensity or clearing 'treatments', and hence progressive homogenization of IAP cover. Aerial cover of woody indigenous plants also responded negatively to increasing alien aerial cover in 1996/7 and 2005 in both Savanna and Grassland. In conclusion, the nature of the IAP problem has changed from dealing largely with relatively few large E. grandis trees in the mid-90s, to the present large suite of invasive species with numerous smaller individuals. This has implications for the time needed for clearing. This is one of few studies to have assessed the initial and longer-term (1995-2005) effectiveness of WfW clearing operations. It shows that improved IAP clearing protocols are needed. More follow-up treatments are recommended to 'capture' alien resprouts and new seedlings before they establish and reproduce. Secondly, integrating clearing with restoration of the tall indigenous riparian canopy tree species in heavily invaded sites would help to shade out many alien recruits. © 2008 SAAB.	Biological invasions; Ecosystem repair; Grasslands; Overstorey aerial cover; Restoration ecology; Savannas	biological invasion; biome; clearcutting; comparative study; evergreen tree; grassland; ground cover; herb; invasive species; recruitment (population dynamics); resprouting; restoration ecology; riparian vegetation; seedling establishment; vegetation structure; Eucalyptus; Eucalyptus grandis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907911578	Evaluation of the effects of oxytocin and diethylstilboestrol on mouse oestrous cycle unsing an index	Beauty E.-O.U., Evi B.E.	2014	Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research	13	1	None	Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Benin, PMB. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	Beauty, E.-O.U., Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Benin, PMB. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria; Evi, B.E., Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Benin, PMB. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria	The reproductive cycle depends on physiological changes which are controlled by the endocrine system and is therefore responsible for reproduction. The reproductive cycle and functions of female mammals can be altered by several drugs acting either directly or indirectly on activities of the female sex hormones. Oxytocin (OT) and Diethylstilboestral (DES) are known to modulate the ovulation induction processes; however, their effects on cytological and morphological alterations of the reproductive organs (vagina, uterus and mammary glands) at different phases of the reproductive cycle are yet to be investigated, This study was therefore aimed at the comparative analysis of exogenously administered oxytocin at several concentrations and the simultaneous comparison with diethylsttiboestrol on cytological and morphological parameters using modified methods of oestrous measurement in adult female mice. Evaluation was performed via macroscopic examination of animals as well as by microscopic examination of vaginal smears for cytological changes before and after drug administration. The treatment was carried out for 21 days at 4-5 day intervals. Diethylstilboestrol showed significant dose-related changes in both methods of measurement. DES (0.1 mg(kg) induced oestrous significantly (p<0.05) as observed in the increase in vaginal opening, colour, moisture, as well as abdominal distension and cornification of the epithelial cells while 0.2 mg/kg DES displayed a more significant oestrous induction (p <0.01) which resulted in frill cornificat ion of the epithelial cells. Oxytocin at doses of 12 flJ/kg and 24 ILY/kg did not induce statistically significant changes in this study. This study thus serves to update and. contribute to current knowledge on the roles of oxytocin and DES on the reproductive cycle. © CMS UNIBEN JMBR.	Cytology; Morphology; Oestrous; Oestrous index; Reproductive cycle	diethylstilbestrol; oxytocin; sex hormone; abdominal distension; adult; animal experiment; Article; controlled study; cytology; endocrine system; epithelium cell; estrus cycle; female; genital system; mammary gland; morphology; mouse; nonhuman; ovary cycle; ovulation induction; uterus; vagina; vagina smear	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952546769	The mineralogy of pyrrhotite from Sudbury CCN and Phoenix nickel ores and its effect on flotation performance	Becker M., Bradshaw D., De Villiers J.	2011	Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly	50	1	10.1179/000844311X552269	Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Julius Krutschnitt Mineral Research Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Becker, M., Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Bradshaw, D., Julius Krutschnitt Mineral Research Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; De Villiers, J., Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	The non-stoichiometric sulphide pyrrhotite (Fe1-xS), common to many nickel ores, occurs in a variety of crystallographic forms and compositions. In order to manipulate its performance in nickel processing operations either to target the recovery or rejection or pyrrhotite, one needs an understanding of pyrrhotite mineralogy, reactivity and the effect this may have on its flotation performance. In this study, a non-magnetic Fe 9S10 pyrrhotite from Sudbury CCN in Canada and a magnetic Fe7S8 pyrrhotite from Phoenix in Botswana were selected to explore the relationship between mineralogy, reactivity and microflotation. Non-magnetic Sudbury pyrrhotite was less reactive in terms of its oxygen uptake and showed the best collectorless flotation recovery. Magnetic Phoenix pyrrhotite was more reactive and showed poor collectorless flotation, which was significantly improved with the addition of xanthate and copper activation. These differences in reactivity and flotation performance are interpreted to be a result of the pyrrhotite mineralogy, the implications of which may aid in the manipulation of flotation performance. © 2011 Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum.	Mineralogy; Oxidation; Pyrrhotite; Reactivity; Sulphide flotation	Botswana; Copper activation; Flotation performance; Flotation recovery; Microflotation; Nickel ores; Nonmagnetics; Oxygen uptake; Processing operations; Pyrrhotite; Reactivity; Sulphide flotation; Crystallography; Flotation; Mineralogy; Minerals; Nickel; Ore treatment; Oxidation; Oxygen; Iron ores	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900403718	Investigation into the mineralogy and flotation performance of oxidised PGM ore	Becker M., Wiese J., Ramonotsi M.	2014	Minerals Engineering	65	None	10.1016/j.mineng.2014.04.009	Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Pilanesberg Platinum Mines, Centurion, South Africa	Becker, M., Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Wiese, J., Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Ramonotsi, M., Pilanesberg Platinum Mines, Centurion, South Africa	The 2.05 Ga Bushveld Complex in South Africa, host to many lucrative ore deposits, is surprisingly pristine and unaltered given its geological age. In some areas, however, there is evidence of low temperature weathering, alteration and oxidation, most commonly observed when the ore is near surface. The Pilanesburg Platinum Mines (PPM) operation in South Africa treats ore from an open pit and routinely suffers from low and erratic platinum group element (PGE) flotation recoveries. This study investigates the effect of oxidation on the mineralogy and flotation performance of PPM "silicate reef" ore and evaluates the effect of alkyl hydroxamate (AM 28) and controlled potential sulfidisation (CPS with NaHS) as a means to improve the poor flotation performance of the oxidised ore. Oxidised PPM ore is characterised by high contents of alteration minerals resulting in abundant naturally floating gangue (NFG), high contents of Fe-oxides/hydroxides and negligible base metal sulfides. Small improvements in PGE recovery with the addition of the hydroxamate co-collector with CPS or without it are more due to the high froth stability and increased water recovery rather than any selective action of the collector. The distinctly higher Pt recovery relative to Pd recovery is linked to the mobilisation and redistribution of Pd during the oxidation of the ore. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Oxidation; Platinum ore; Process mineralogy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898677507	Cultural Bases for Self-Evaluation: Seeing Oneself Positively in Different Cultural Contexts	Becker M., Vignoles V.L., Owe E., Easterbrook M.J., Brown R., Smith P.B., Bond M.H., Regalia C., Manzi C., Brambilla M., Aldhafri S., González R., Carrasco D., Paz Cadena M., Lay S., Schweiger Gallo I., Torres A., Camino L., Özgen E., Güner Ü.E., Yamakoǧl	2014	Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin	40	5	10.1177/0146167214522836	University of Sussex, United Kingdom; Polytechnic University of Hong Kong, China; Catholic University of Milan, Italy; Sultan Qaboos University, Oman; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Federal University of Paraíba, Brazil; Yasar University, Turkey; Bilkent University, Turkey; Federal University of Pará, Brazil; Universidad de Los Andes, Colombia; Ateneo de Manila University, Philippines; Salgado de Oliveira University, Brazil; Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium; Université de Lorraine, France; Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary; American University of Beirut, Lebanon; University of Gdansk, Poland; University of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia; Free University of Tbilisi, Georgia; West University of Timisoara, Romania; University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; University of Tartu, Estonia; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QH, United Kingdom	Becker, M., University of Sussex, United Kingdom; Vignoles, V.L., University of Sussex, United Kingdom, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QH, United Kingdom; Owe, E., University of Sussex, United Kingdom; Easterbrook, M.J., University of Sussex, United Kingdom; Brown, R., University of Sussex, United Kingdom; Smith, P.B., University of Sussex, United Kingdom; Bond, M.H., Polytechnic University of Hong Kong, China; Regalia, C., Catholic University of Milan, Italy; Manzi, C., Catholic University of Milan, Italy; Brambilla, M., Catholic University of Milan, Italy; Aldhafri, S., Sultan Qaboos University, Oman; González, R., Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Carrasco, D., Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Paz Cadena, M., Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Lay, S., Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Schweiger Gallo, I., Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Torres, A., Federal University of Paraíba, Brazil; Camino, L., Federal University of Paraíba, Brazil; Özgen, E., Yasar University, Turkey; Güner, Ü.E., Bilkent University, Turkey; Yamakoǧlu, N., Bilkent University, Turkey; Silveira Lemos, F.C., Federal University of Pará, Brazil; Trujillo, E.V., Universidad de Los Andes, Colombia; Balanta, P., Universidad de Los Andes, Colombia; Macapagal, M.E.J., Ateneo de Manila University, Philippines; Cristina Ferreira, M., Salgado de Oliveira University, Brazil; Herman, G., Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium; de Sauvage, I., Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium; Bourguignon, D., Université de Lorraine, France; Wang, Q., Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Fülöp, M., Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary; Harb, C., American University of Beirut, Lebanon; Chybicka, A., University of Gdansk, Poland; Mekonnen, K.H., University of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Martin, M., University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia; Nizharadze, G., Free University of Tbilisi, Georgia; Gavreliuc, A., West University of Timisoara, Romania; Buitendach, J., University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; Valk, A., University of Tartu, Estonia; Koller, S.H., Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil	Several theories propose that self-esteem, or positive self-regard, results from fulfilling the value priorities of one's surrounding culture. Yet, surprisingly little evidence exists for this assertion, and theories differ about whether individuals must personally endorse the value priorities involved. We compared the influence of four bases for self-evaluation (controlling one's life, doing one's duty, benefitting others, achieving social status) among 4,852 adolescents across 20 cultural samples, using an implicit, within-person measurement technique to avoid cultural response biases. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses showed that participants generally derived feelings of self-esteem from all four bases, but especially from those that were most consistent with the value priorities of others in their cultural context. Multilevel analyses confirmed that the bases of positive self-regard are sustained collectively: They are predictably moderated by culturally normative values but show little systematic variation with personally endorsed values. © 2014 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.	culture; identity; self-esteem; self-evaluation; values	adolescent; cultural anthropology; cultural factor; female; human; male; questionnaire; self concept; self evaluation; Adolescent; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Culture; Female; Humans; Male; Questionnaires; Self Concept; Self-Assessment	RES-062-23-1300, ESRC, Economic and Social Research Council
Scopus	2-s2.0-20444480278	Bank privatization and performance: Empirical evidence from Nigeria	Beck T., Cull R., Jerome A.	2005	Journal of Banking and Finance	29	8-9 SPEC. ISS.	10.1016/j.jbankfin.2005.03.018	The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, United States; Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Beck, T., The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, United States; Cull, R., The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, United States; Jerome, A., Department of Economics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	We assess the effect of privatization on performance in a panel of Nigerian banks for the period 1990-2001. We find evidence of performance improvement in nine banks that were privatized, which is remarkable given the inhospitable environment for true financial intermediation. Our results also suggest negative effects of the continuing minority government ownership on the performance of many Nigerian banks. Finally, our results complement aggregate indications of decreasing financial intermediation over the 1990s; banks that focused on investment in government bonds and non-lending activities enjoyed a relatively better performance. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Bank performance; Bank privatization; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938291098	Modified QuEChERS Method for the Determination of Multiclass Pesticide Residues in Fruit Samples Utilizing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography	Bedassa T., Gure A., Megersa N.	2015	Food Analytical Methods	8	8	10.1007/s12161-014-0081-7	Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Chemistry, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia	Bedassa, T., Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Gure, A., Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Department of Chemistry, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Megersa, N., Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method (QuEChERS) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with variable wavelength detector (VWD) has been developed for the quantitative determination of six multiclass pesticide residues including atrazine, ametryn, and terbutryn among herbicides; methidathion and carbaryl among insecticides; and chlorothalonil which is a fungicide. The QuEChERS extraction method developed was aimed to extract and preconcentrate the target analytes from selected fruits such as tomato, watermelon, and papaya samples. Various experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of the method including the use of dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) cleanup, types and amount of salts, sample size, and composition as well as volume of the extraction solvent, acetonitrile, were optimized. Under the optimum experimental conditions, matrix-matched calibration curves were constructed using the tomato sample as the representative matrix and good linearity, over wide concentration ranges, was obtained with a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.990 or better. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of the proposed method were in the ranges of 1.7–3.3 and 5.8–11.1 μg kg−1, lower than the maximum residue limits set by the European Union for the raw fruits, such as tomato, watermelon, and papaya. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the intra- and inter-day precision studies were varied over the range of 0.2–11.7 %. The proposed method was successfully applied to different fruit samples, and satisfactory recoveries, ranging from 78 to 118 %, were obtained. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	Fruit samples; High-performance liquid chromatography; Multiclass pesticide residues; QuEChERS	Chromatography; Fruits; Herbicides; High performance liquid chromatography; Insecticides; Liquid chromatography; Liquids; Organic solvents; Pesticides; Phase separation; Dispersive solid phase extraction; Experimental parameters; Fruit samples; Pesticide residue; Quantitative determinations; Quechers; Quick , Easy , Cheap , Effective , Rugged , and Safe; Relative standard deviations; Extraction; Carica papaya; Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus; Lycopersicon esculentum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943158117	Impact of transthoracic echocardiography at district hospital level	Bedeker W.F., Lachman A.S., Borkum M., Hellenberg D., Cupido C.S.	2015	South African Medical Journal	105	10	10.7196/SAMJnew.8102	Division of Family Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Victoria Hospital, Wynberg, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa	Bedeker, W.F., Division of Family Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Lachman, A.S., Victoria Hospital, Wynberg, Cape Town, South Africa; Borkum, M., Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Hellenberg, D., Division of Family Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Cupido, C.S., Victoria Hospital, Wynberg, Cape Town, South Africa	Background. The use of and demand for echocardiography (ECHO) has increased worldwide. In developed countries, this has not translated into improved access outside tertiary centres. Previous studies have favoured the appropriate use of ECHO over its clinical impact, limiting generalisability to resource-constrained settings. Objectives. To assess the impact of an ECHO service at district hospital level in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods. A prospective, cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 210 consecutive patients, referred to the ECHO clinic over a 5-month period, were recruited. Transthoracic ECHO was evaluated in terms of its indication, new information provided, correlation with the referring doctor’s diagnosis and subsequent management plan. Impact included the escalation and de-escalation of treatment, as well as usefulness without a change in management. Results. The results show that 83.8% of the patients’ management was impacted on by echocardiography. Valvular lesions were the main indication. The most frequent contribution was information provided towards the diagnosis of heart failure and assessment after myocardial infarction. Of the echocardiograms, 56.2% confirmed the referring doctor’s diagnosis, yet were still associated with a significant impact. The rational prescription of medication had the major impetus, followed by de-escalation of therapy and screening patients to determine referral to a tertiary facility. Conclusion. ECHO has a positive impact on patient management outside tertiary settings, where the definition of impact appears to be different. The value of a normal study, screening prior to upstream referral and usefulness irrespective of change have been established. This should alert policy makers against restriction of access to ECHO and promote training of personnel in its use. © 2015, South African Medical Association. All rights reserved.	None	adolescent; aged; anticoagulant therapy; aorta atherosclerosis; aorta stenosis; aorta valve regurgitation; Article; cardiomegaly; cardiomyopathy; child; cross-sectional study; echocardiograph; faintness; female; health impact assessment; heart aneurysm; heart arrhythmia; heart failure; heart infarction; heart left ventricle function; heart murmur; heart ventricle wall motion; human; ischemic heart disease; male; mitral valve regurgitation; mitral valve stenosis; thorax pain; transthoracic echocardiography; tricuspid valve regurgitation; valvular heart disease; adult; complication; echocardiography; echography; Heart Diseases; middle aged; needs assessment; patient referral; patient selection; preschool child; prospective study; public hospital; South Africa; very elderly; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Echocardiography; Female; Heart Diseases; Hospitals, District; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Needs Assessment; Patient Selection; Prospective Studies; Referral and Consultation; South Africa; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846347337	Maasai perception of the impact and incidence of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) in southern Kenya	Bedelian C., Nkedianye D., Herrero M.	2007	Preventive Veterinary Medicine	78	04-Mar	10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.10.012	International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya; Institute of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, EH9 3J6, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom	Bedelian, C., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya; Nkedianye, D., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya, Institute of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, EH9 3J6, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Herrero, M., International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya, Institute of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, EH9 3J6, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom	We investigated the perceived impact of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) to pastoralists in Isinya Division, a wildlife dispersal area of Nairobi National Park, and used a range of participatory epidemiology methodologies. We compared the relative importance, incidence and impact of MCF compared to other locally defined important diseases with a total of 158 respondents in 11 group meetings and 21 household meetings in July 2004. Direct losses due to disease were investigated through lowered prices as a result of the emergency sale of disease-infected animals. Overall, Maasai in Isinya Division perceived east coast fever (ECF) to be the most important cattle disease and to have the highest incidence. Anthrax was considered to have the largest impact. In areas within or adjacent to the wildebeest calving zone, MCF was perceived to be the most important cattle disease and also to have the largest impact. Outside the calving zone, MCF was considered the fourth-most important disease with the fourth largest impact, and these were areas where wildebeest were less common. MCF was also the fourth-most common disease, and across the Division incidence was estimated at 5% in calves and 10% in adults. However, MCF incidence varied greatly throughout the study area, from 3% to 12%, and the highest incidence risks were found in areas where wildebeest came to calve. The percent drop in sale price per animal infected with MCF was estimated at 50% for MCF for the year 2003-2004. Forced avoidance movements away from wildebeest calves were reported to decrease livestock production due to loss of access to prime grazing sites. As suggested by pastoralists in this study, the development of compensation schemes or incentives from wildlife would reduce the conflict between livestock keeping and wildlife conservation. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Disease impact; Disease incidence; Kenya; Maasai pastoralists; Malignant catarrhal fever; Participatory appraisal; Participatory epidemiology	animal; animal disease; animal parasitosis; anthrax; article; cattle; cattle disease; female; foot and mouth disease; incidence; Kenya; male; mortality; season; time; virology; wild animal; Animals; Animals, Wild; Anthrax; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Foot-and-Mouth Disease; Incidence; Kenya; Male; Malignant Catarrh; Seasons; Theileriasis; Time Factors; Animalia; Bos taurus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84355165233	Kinetic optimisation of the reversed phase liquid chromatographic separation of rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) phenolics on conventional high performance liquid chromatographic instrumentation	Beelders T., Sigge G.O., Joubert E., De Beer D., De Villiers A.	2012	Journal of Chromatography A	1219	None	10.1016/j.chroma.2011.11.012	Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Beelders, T., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Sigge, G.O., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Joubert, E., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa, Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; De Beer, D., Post-Harvest and Wine Technology Division, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; De Villiers, A., Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Rooibos tea, produced from the endemic South African shrub Aspalathus linearis, has various health-promoting benefits which are attributed to its phenolic composition. Generating reliable, quantitative data on these phenolic constituents is the first step towards documenting the protective effects associated with rooibos tea consumption. Reversed phase liquid chromatographic (RP-LC) methods currently employed in the quantitative analysis of rooibos are, however, hampered by limited resolution and/or excessive analysis times. In order to overcome these limitations, a systematic approach towards optimising the RP-LC separation of the 15 principal rooibos tea phenolics on a 1.8μm phase using conventional HPLC instrumentation was adopted. Kinetic plots were used to obtain the optimal configuration for the separation of the target analytes within reasonable analysis times. Simultaneous optimisation of temperature and gradient conditions provided complete separation of these rooibos phenolics on a 1.8μm C18 phase within 37. min. The optimised HPLC-DAD method was validated and successfully applied in the quantitative analysis of aqueous infusions of unfermented and fermented rooibos. Major phenolic constituents of fermented rooibos were found to be a phenylpropanoid phenylpyruvic acid glucoside (PPAG), the dihydrochalcone C-glycoside aspalathin, the flavones isoorientin and orientin, and a flavonol O-diglycoside tentatively identified as quercetin-3- O-robinobioside. Content values for PPAG, ferulic acid and quercetin-3- O-robinobioside in rooibos are reported here for the first time. Mass spectrometric (MS) and tandem MS detection were used to tentatively identify 13 additional phenolic compounds in rooibos infusions, including a new luteolin-6- C-pentoside-8- C-hexoside and a novel C-8-hexosyl derivative of aspalathin reported here for the first time. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	High performance liquid chromatography; Kinetic plots; Mass spectrometry; Phenolic compounds; Rooibos tea	Ferulic acids; HPLC-DAD; Isoorientin; Kinetic plots; Limited resolution; Optimal configurations; Optimisations; Phenolic composition; Phenolic compounds; Phenolics; Phenylpropanoids; Protective effects; Quantitative data; Reversed phase; Rooibos tea; Tandem MS; Target analytes; Chromatography; Fatty acids; High performance liquid chromatography; Kinetics; Liquids; Mass spectrometry; Optimization; Separation; Sugars; Phenols; aspalathin; ferulic acid; isoorientin; orientin; phenol derivative; phenylpropanoid phenylpyruvic acid glucoside; quercetin 3 o robinobioside; unclassified drug; aqueous solution; article; Aspalathus; Aspalathus linearis; controlled study; fermentation; high performance liquid chromatography; kinetics; mass spectrometry; nonhuman; priority journal; process optimization; quantitative analysis; reversed phase liquid chromatography; rooibos tea; tandem mass spectrometry; tea; temperature; validation study; Aspalathus; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Flavonoids; Glycosides; Kinetics; Linear Models; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Reproducibility of Results; Temperature; Aspalathus linearis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930402282	Evaluation of biomass yield and growth performance of alfalfa and oat cultivars in the high land of Arsi, Ethiopia	Befekadu C., Yunus A.	2015	Livestock Research for Rural Development	27	6	None	Arsi University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 193, Asella, Ethiopia	Befekadu, C., Arsi University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 193, Asella, Ethiopia; Yunus, A., Arsi University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 193, Asella, Ethiopia	The major objective of this study was to investigate the effect of intercropping alfalfa with oat on growth rate, total forage dry matter yield and nitrogen yield. Alfalfa cultivars with or without oat was grown on finely prepared seed beds. The experimental seed was planted on 12 m2 plot (4 m long and 3 m wide), consisted of 10 rows with intra-row spacing of 0.3m. The plots were laid out in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replications per treatment. Data on biomass yield and other yield related traits was subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure for RCBD experiments using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SAS computer software packages. The result of this experiment has shown that the total forage dry matter yield harvested from plots containing a mixture of alfalfa and oat was higher (P<0.05) than other plots containing pure stands of alfalfa and oat. The analysis also indicated that the dry matter yield per area of land was much greater for oat grown with alfalfa than oat grown without alfalfa. In this trial, the leaf to stem ratio of alfalfa and oat plant grown alone was statistically similar (P>0.05) to those grown in a mixture. The average plant height of.alfalfa and oat plant grown in separate plot was not differed (P>0.05) from those grown in a mixture on same plot under this experiment. The chemical analysis result has implied that the dry matter content of each plant (alfalfa and oat) grown in a mixture was higher than those plant grown separately. Likewise, the crude protein content of oat grown with alfalfa on the same plots was improved as compared to those oats plants grown alone in separate plots which could be achieved from the symbiotic relationship between the two plants grown in mixture. In general, the higher quality forage obtained from oat plants grown with alfalfa on the same plots, may be an important consideration for livestock producers. © 2015 Fundacion CIPAV. All rights reserved.	Crude protein; Forage yield; Growth rate; Intercropping	Avena; Medicago sativa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34248569699	Cross-country measures for monitoring epilepsy care	Begley C.E., Baker G.A., Beghi E., Butler J., Chisholm D., Langfitt J.T., Levy P., Pachlatko C., Wiebe S., Donaldson K.L.	2007	Epilepsia	48	5	10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.00981.x	School of Public Health, University of Texas, United States; Division of Neurosciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology, University of Stellenbosch, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine, Rochester, United States; Universite Paris-Dauphine, Place Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny, Paris, France; Swiss Epilepsy Centre, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta., Canada; Epilepsy Action, Leeds, United Kingdom; School of Public Health, University of Texas, Health Science Center, 1200 Herman Pressler, Houston, TX 77030, United States	Begley, C.E., School of Public Health, University of Texas, United States, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Health Science Center, 1200 Herman Pressler, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Baker, G.A., Division of Neurosciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Beghi, E., Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; Butler, J., Department of Neurology, University of Stellenbosch, Johannesburg, South Africa; Chisholm, D., Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Langfitt, J.T., Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine, Rochester, United States; Levy, P., Universite Paris-Dauphine, Place Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny, Paris, France; Pachlatko, C., Swiss Epilepsy Centre, Switzerland; Wiebe, S., Division of Neurology, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta., Canada; Donaldson, K.L., Epilepsy Action, Leeds, United Kingdom	Purpose: The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Commission on Healthcare Policy in consultation with the World Health Organization (WHO) examined the applicability and usefulness of various measures for monitoring epilepsy healthcare services and systems across countries. The goal is to provide planners and policymakers with tools to analyze the impact of healthcare services and systems and evaluate efforts to improve performance. Methods: Commission members conducted a systematic literature review and consulted with experts to assess the nature, strengths, and limitations of the treatment gap and resource availability measures that are currently used to assess the adequacy of epilepsy care. We also conducted a pilot study to determine the feasibility and applicability of using new measures to assess epilepsy care developed by the WHO including Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), responsiveness, and financial fairness. Results: The existing measures that are frequently used to assess the adequacy of epilepsy care focus on structural or process factors whose relationship to outcomes are indirect and may vary across regions. The WHO measures are conceptually superior because of their breadth and connection to articulated and agreed upon outcomes for health systems. However, the WHO measures require data that are not readily available in developing countries and most developed countries as well. Conclusion: The epilepsy field should consider adopting the WHO measures in country assessments of epilepsy burden and healthcare performance whenever data permit. Efforts should be made to develop the data elements to estimate the measures. © 2007 International League Against Epilepsy.	Evaluation; Healthcare; International; Survey	article; developing country; disability; epilepsy; feasibility study; health care availability; health care organization; health care policy; health care system; health service; monitoring; patient care; performance; pilot study; priority journal; resource management; world health organization; Africa South of the Sahara; Cost of Illness; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; Developing Countries; Epilepsy; Great Britain; Health Care Costs; Health Care Surveys; Health Policy; Health Services Needs and Demand; Health Services Research; Humans; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Pilot Projects; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; World Health Organization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65949110577	The impact of female employment on fertility in Dakar (Senegal) and Lomé (Togó)	Beguy D.	2009	Demographic Research	20	None	10.4054/DemRes.2009.20.7	African Population and Health Research Center, Shelter Afrique Center, Longonot Road, Upper Hill, 00100 - GPO Nairobi, Kenya	Beguy, D., African Population and Health Research Center, Shelter Afrique Center, Longonot Road, Upper Hill, 00100 - GPO Nairobi, Kenya	This paper investigates the impact of female employment on fertility in two urban contexts in sub-Saharan Africa: Dakar (Senegal) and Lomé (Togo). The hypothesis that wage employment and maternal obligations are incompatible seems to be corroborated in Lomé, where women are likely to consider work as a legitimate alternative to their role as a mother or spouse. Being involved in economic activity is a real option and can therefore impact upon their reproductive life. By contrast, in Dakar working does not seem to hinder family formation. Greater involvement of women in the labour force is not the main reason for fertility decline in Dakar. These findings illustrate how important it is to consider social gender-specific roles in order to accurately determine the influence of female employment on reproductive life.	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000277417200015	Development of a Language-Independent Functional Evaluation	Beier, Klaus P.,Boggess, Tony,Chan, Lilliene,Haig, Andrew J.,Jayarajan, Senthil,Juang, Derek,Kalpakjian, Claire,Loar, Jesse,Maslowski, Eric,Owusu-Ansah, Bertha,Tinney, Melissa,Yamakawa, Karen S.	2009	ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION	90	12	10.1016/j.apmr.2009.05.025	Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Temple University, University of Ghana, University of Michigan, University of Michigan System, Vet Hosp Huntington	"Beier, Klaus P.: University of Michigan","Beier, Klaus P.: University of Michigan System","Chan, Lilliene: University of Michigan","Chan, Lilliene: University of Michigan System","Haig, Andrew J.: University of Michigan","Haig, Andrew J.: University of Michigan System","Jayarajan, Senthil: Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)","Jayarajan, Senthil: Temple University","Juang, Derek: University of Michigan","Juang, Derek: University of Michigan System","Loar, Jesse: University of Michigan","Loar, Jesse: University of Michigan System","Maslowski, Eric: University of Michigan","Maslowski, Eric: University of Michigan System","Owusu-Ansah, Bertha: University of Ghana",	Haig AJ, Jayarajan S, Maslowski E, Yamakawa KS, Tinney M, Beier KP, Juang D, Chan L, Boggess T, Loar J, Owusu-Ansah B, Kalpakjian C. Development of a language-independent functional evaluation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2009;90:2074-80. Objective: To design, validate, and critique a tool for self-report of physical functioning that is independent of language and literacy. Design: Software design and 2 prospective trials followed by redesign. Setting: United States and African university hospitals. Participants: Outpatient and inpatient competent adults with diverse physical impairments. Interventions: (1) Software design process leading to a Preliminary Language-Independent Functional Evaluation (Pre-L.I.F.E.); (2) patient surveys using a printed Pre-L.I.F.E. and a computer-animated Pre-L.I.F.E. tested in random order, followed by a questionnaire version of the standard Barthel Index; and (3) software redesign based on objective and qualitative experiences with Pre-L.I.F.E. Main Outcome Measures: Validation of the general concept that written and spoken language can be eliminated in assessment of function. Development of a refined Language-Independent Functional Evaluation (LIFE.). Results: A viable Pre-L.I.F.E. software was built based on design parameters of the clinical team. Fifty Americans and 51 Africans demonstrated excellent (Cronbach alpha&gt;0.8 Americans) and good (alpha&gt;.425 Africans) reliability. In general, the relations between Pre-L.I.F.E. and Barthel scores were excellent in the United States (interclass correlation coefficient for stair climbing, .959) but somewhat less good in Africa, with elimination functions very poorly related. The computer-animated Pre-L.I.F.E. was faster and trended to be more reliable than the printed Pre-L.I.F.E. in both the United States and Africa. Redesign meetings corrected statistical and qualitative challenges, resulting in a new tool, the L.I.F.E. Conclusions: Literacy and language translation can be eliminated from some aspects of functional assessment. The new LIFE., based on solid empirical evidence and design principles, may be a practical solution to assessment of function in the global culture.	Africa,"DISABILITY EVALUATION","EDUCATIONAL STATUS",EPIDEMIOLOGY,LANGUAGE,"Outcome assessment (health care) Rehabilitation","STROKE REHABILITATION"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949655143	Environmental, irrigation and fertilization impacts on the seed quality of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray)	Bekaardt C.R., Coffelt T.A., Fenwick J.R., Wiesner L.E.	2010	Industrial Crops and Products	31	3	10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.12.008	Agricultural Research Council, P/Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; U.S. Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85138, United States; Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, United States; National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, USDA-ARS, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, United States	Bekaardt, C.R., Agricultural Research Council, P/Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Coffelt, T.A., U.S. Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85138, United States; Fenwick, J.R., Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, United States; Wiesner, L.E., National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, USDA-ARS, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, United States	Guayule is a perennial shrub that originates from the Chihuahua desert. Currently stand establishment is by transplanting seedlings. In order for guayule commercialization to be more profitable, direct seeding methods need to be developed. For direct seeding to be practical factors affecting seed quality need to be identified. Guayule seed quality is highly variable. The objective of this study was to determine the seed quality of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) grown under various field conditions in Arizona, USA, and to determine the influence of irrigation frequency and fertilization management practices on seed quality. In experiment I guayule lines AZ-2, AZ-4, AZ-R2 and 11591 were compared at four locations in Arizona (Marana, Maricopa, Yuma Mesa and Yuma Valley). In experiment II guayule lines AZ-2 and 11591 were compared under three irrigation frequencies (40%, 60% and 80%) field capacity and fertilization at low and high levels of nitrogen, at Maricopa. Germination, embryo viability, empty achene production and achene moisture content were determined for harvested achenes. In experiment I a line × location interaction occurred for normal germination, empty achenes and achene fresh weight. Line AZ-4 had the highest germination of 59% at the Yuma Valley location. Empty achenes were the highest in Marana for line 11591 at 56%. In experiment II normal germination was affected by the line, irrigation and fertilization factors. The highest germination of 66% with line 11591, 55% at 60% irrigation and 56% at high fertilization was recorded. Empty achenes were the highest with line AZ-2 at 27%. Correlations of normal germination vs. maximum temperature, empty achenes vs. total rainfall and empty achenes vs. average wind speed were positive. Negative correlations occurred for empty achene vs. maximum temperature, normal germination vs. total rainfall and normal germination vs. average wind speed. The quality of guayule seed under both experimental conditions is severely decreased by empty achene production, which seems due to genetic variability and environmental conditions during flower bloom.	Achene; Fertilization; Guayule; Irrigation; Parthenium argentatum	Arizona; Arizona , USA; Direct-seeding; Environmental conditions; Experimental conditions; Fertilization; Field capacity; Field conditions; Flower bloom; Fresh weight; Genetic variability; Irrigation frequency; Management practices; Maximum temperature; Moisture contents; Negative correlation; Parthenium argentatum; Perennial shrubs; Seed quality; Stand establishment; Total rainfall; Wind speed; Experiments; Landforms; Location; Profitability; Seed; Wind effects; Irrigation; commercialization; fertilizer application; genetic variation; germination; irrigation system; nitrogen; seedling; shrub; transplantation; wind velocity; Chihuahuan Desert; Parthenium argentatum; Yuma; crop production; environmental management; genetic modification; harvesting; moisture content; production management; profitability; seed	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20044380190	Reproductive performance of fogera heifers treated with prostaglandin F2α for synchronization of oestrus	Bekana M., Gizachew A., Regassa F.	2005	Tropical Animal Health and Production	37	5	10.1007/s11250-005-1862-1	Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; PO Box 150307, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Bekana, M., Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia, PO Box 150307, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Gizachew, A., Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Regassa, F., Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	[No abstract available]	Fogera cattle; Oestrus; Prostaglandin	prostaglandin F2 alpha; animal; article; cattle; drug effect; estrus; estrus cycle; Ethiopia; female; fertility; male; methodology; physiology; pregnancy; pregnancy rate; reproduction; Animals; Cattle; Dinoprost; Estrus Detection; Estrus Synchronization; Ethiopia; Female; Fertility; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Rate; Reproduction; Bos taurus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904987191	Performance characteristics of solar air heater with surface mounted obstacles	Bekele A., Mishra M., Dutta S.	2014	Energy Conversion and Management	85	None	10.1016/j.enconman.2014.04.079	Department of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India	Bekele, A., Department of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia; Mishra, M., Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India; Dutta, S., Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India	The performance of conventional solar air heaters (SAHs) can be improved by providing obstacles on the heated wall (i.e. on the absorber plate). Experiments have been performed to collect heat transfer and flow-friction data from an air heater duct with delta-shaped obstacles mounted on the absorber surface and having an aspect ratio 6:1 resembling the conditions close to the solar air heaters. This study encompassed for the range of Reynolds number (Re) from 2100 to 30,000, relative obstacle height (e/H) from 0.25 to 0.75, relative obstacle longitudinal pitch (Pl/e) from 3/2 to 11/2, relative obstacle transverse pitch (Pt/b) from 1 to 7/3 and the angle of incidence (α) varied from 30° to 90°. The thermo-hydraulic performance characteristics of SAH have been compared with the previous published works and the optimum range of the geometries have been explored for the better performance of such air-heaters compared to the other designs of solar air heaters. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Friction factor; Heat transfer; Obstacle; Solar air heater; Thermo-hydraulic performance	Aspect ratio; Heat transfer; Reynolds number; Solar equipment; Angle of Incidence; Better performance; Friction factors; Longitudinal pitch; Obstacle; Performance characteristics; Solar air heater; Thermo-hydraulic performance; Solar heating	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877901361	Genetic evaluation of recombinant inbred lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.) for grain zinc concentrations, yield related traits and identification of associated SSR markers	Bekele B.D., Naveen G.K., Rakhi S., Shashidhar H.E.	2013	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	16	23	10.3923/pjbs.2013.1714.1721	Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore-560065, India; Department of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia; Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam University, Eachanari Post, Coimbatore-641021, India	Bekele, B.D., Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore-560065, India, Department of Biotechnology, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia; Naveen, G.K., Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore-560065, India, Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam University, Eachanari Post, Coimbatore-641021, India; Rakhi, S., Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore-560065, India, Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam University, Eachanari Post, Coimbatore-641021, India; Shashidhar, H.E., Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore-560065, India	The objectives of the present study were to evaluate genetic variability parameters, correlations that exist for grain Zn concentration and yield related traits and identification of SSR markers linked to these traits in rice. One hundred seventy six Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) of Azucena X Moromutant were grown at University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore in augmented experimental design during wet seasons of 2010 and 2011. The study revealed significant genetic variability for all the traits. Grain yield per plant and grain zinc concentration showed higher phenotypic and genotypic co-efficient of variation. Significant positive correlation was observed for grain yield per plant with number of productive tillers per plant (r = 0.5) and number of tillers per plant (r = 0.4). Grain zinc concentration showed negative correlation with grain yield per plant (r = - 0.27). The path-coefficient analysis indicated the positive direct effect of number of productive tillers per plant on grain yield per plant (0.514). Grain zinc concentration showed negative direct effect on grain yield per plant (-0.186). Single-marker analysis using 26 SSR markers on RILs mapping population showed that RM212, RM263, RM6832, RM152, RM21, RM234 and RM3331 had association with grain zinc concentration and other yield related traits. But validation of these markers on fifty two rice genotypes showed that only three markers RM263, RM152 and RM21 had association with grain zinc concentration. Therefore, the genetic information generated and molecular markers identified from this study could be used for zinc biofortification programmes in rice. © 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Biofortification; Micronutrient; Rice; SSR; Validation; Zinc	zinc; article; crop; cross breeding; gene expression regulation; genetic marker; genetics; genotype; growth, development and aging; metabolism; nutritional value; phenotype; plant gene; quantitative trait; reproducibility; rice; transgenic plant; Crops, Agricultural; Crosses, Genetic; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, Plant; Genetic Markers; Genotype; Nutritive Value; Oryza sativa; Phenotype; Plants, Genetically Modified; Quantitative Trait, Heritable; Reproducibility of Results; Zinc	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883451197	Evaluation of antileishmanial activities of triglycerides isolated from roots of Moringa stenopetala	Bekele B., Adane L., Tariku Y., Hailu A.	2013	Medicinal Chemistry Research	22	10	10.1007/s00044-013-0467-x	Department of Chemistry, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Bekele, B., Department of Chemistry, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Adane, L., Department of Chemistry, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Tariku, Y., Department of Chemistry, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Hailu, A., Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The objective of this study was to evaluate antileishmanial activities of compounds isolated from the roots of Moringa stenopetala. Two compounds were isolated from the crude petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (50:50 %) extract of its roots employing column chromatographic technique using a mixture of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate mixture in different polarity (or proportions by volume). The isolated compounds were labeled as MS-1 and MS-2. Their structures were determined to be triglycerides based on the observed spectroscopic ( 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT-135, and IR) data and reported data in literature. Thus, compound MS-1 and compound MS-2 were identified as 1,3-dilinoleoyl-2-olein and 1,3-dioleoyl-2-linolein, respectively. Evaluation of antileishmanial activities (IC50 values) of the compounds against promatigote stage of Leishmania aethiopica indicated that compound MS-1 to show comparable activity with the reference compounds (amphotericin B and miltefosine) whereas compound MS-2 to be less active. The activity test results against the amastigote stage of the parasite indicated that the compounds have comparable activities when compared to each other, and relatively lower activities as compared to that of the reference compounds. The results suggested that the compounds have promising antileishmanial activities. However, further in vivo tests are recommended before drawing any conclusion about the potential of the compounds as a new antileishmanial drug candidate. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	L. aethiopica; Leishmaniasis; Moringa stenopetala; Triglycerides	amphotericin B; amphotericin B deoxycholate; antileishmanial agent; miltefosine; triacylglycerol; amastigote; animal cell; antiprotozoal activity; article; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; controlled study; infrared spectroscopy; Leishmania; leishmania aethiopica; leishmaniasis; medicinal plant; moringa stenopetala; Moringaceae; mouse; nonhuman; peritoneum macrophage; plant root; proton nuclear magnetic resonance	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958105531	Production performance of dual purpose crosses of two indigenous with two exotic chicken breeds in sub-tropical environment	Bekele F., AdnoØy T., GjoØen H.M., Kathle J., Abebe G.	2010	International Journal of Poultry Science	9	7	None	Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Arboretveien 6, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Department of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Bekele, F., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Arboretveien 6, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia; AdnoØy, T., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Arboretveien 6, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; GjoØen, H.M., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Arboretveien 6, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Kathle, J., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Arboretveien 6, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Abebe, G., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	An ongoing crossbreeding experiment is being conducted with the objective of producing dual purpose synthetic chicken for village poultry production in Ethiopia. The two exotic chicken breeds used were the Fayoumi (F) and Rhode Island Red (R) as dam line, whereas the two indigenous chicken breeds used were the Naked neck (N) and local Netch (W); a white feathered chicken. The indigenous breeds were used as sire line to produce the hybrids FN (F♀ X N♂) and RW (R♀ X W♂). Growth and egg production performance of the crosses were compared with each other and with the exotic pure line performance. Both body and egg weight of FN was improved while body weight of RW was reduced and age at first egg was significantly reduced, compared to their respective dam line. Egg production for the crosses was lower than for their maternal lines. Although FN cross chicks weighed more and grew faster than RW chicks during the brooding period, the difference became insignificant as they grew older. However, the higher overall average body weight gain of RW crosses that was observed was mainly due to higher weight gain for the RW cocks. No significant differences were observed in overall egg production and quality traits between the two crosses, but significant age effect within crosses was found. Mortality in the FN cross was lower than in the RW cross. These F1 crosses will be used as parents to produce a 4-way synthetic crossbred chicken. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Body weight; Egg production; Egg quality; References; Two-way crossing	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77349110190	Evaluation of Deltamethrin applications in the control of tsetse and trypanosomosis in the southern rift valley areas of Ethiopia	Bekele J., Asmare K., Abebe G., Ayelet G., Gelaye E.	2010	Veterinary Parasitology	168	42433	10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.11.028	Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 1337, Awassa, Ethiopia; Food and Agriculture Organization, the United Nations, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 19, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Bekele, J., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 1337, Awassa, Ethiopia; Asmare, K., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 1337, Awassa, Ethiopia; Abebe, G., Food and Agriculture Organization, the United Nations, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ayelet, G., National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 19, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Gelaye, E., National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 19, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	A study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of Deltamethrin (0.4% impregnated targets and 1% pour-on formulation) in controlling tsetse and trypanosomosis was carried out in two selected 10 km × 10 km Universal Transverse Mercator Grids of the Southern Tsetse Eradication Project (STEP) area in the southern rift valley of Ethiopia. The Grids selected were H3 (site I) and G5 (site II) in two districts of the Wolaita Zone. The trial was underway from September 2003 to April 2004. The strategy followed to accomplish the trial was a pre-intervention phase (entomology and parasitology) and an intervention phase with insecticide (Deltamethrin 0.4%)-impregnated odour-baited targets in site I and Deltamethrin 1% 'pour-on' application to cattle in site II. The intervention phase was monitored on a monthly basis. Following the deployment of 460 targets at a density of 4 targets per km2 in trial site I, the relative abundance of tsetse fly (Glossina pallidipes) declined from a pre-intervention mean catch of 1.35 flies per trap per day to 0.05 flies per trap per day at final monitoring. These resulted in an 88.9% overall reduction. Similarly, an 83.25% reduction was recorded in the incidence of trypanosomosis in sentinel cattle as it dropped from 10.75% (first monitoring) to 1.8% (last monitoring). The corresponding measures of packed cell volume (PCV) have shown a significant improvement from a mean of 21.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 20.7-22.9) at first monitoring to 25.5% (95% CI: 24.3-26.7) of last monitoring (P &lt; 0.01). In site II, the trial was started by spraying Deltamethrin 1% pour-on to 409 cattle at a rate of 1 ml/10 kg body weight. Pour-on treatment was repeated every month throughout the trial period. A sharp drop in the relative abundance of tsetse fly was revealed soon after. The catch was nil at fourth monitoring as it declined from 0.91 flies per trap per day of pre-intervention (P &lt; 0.01). A 94.9% overall reduction was achieved. The incidence of trypanosomosis in sentinel cattle also declined from 10% (first monitoring) to 0.95% (last monitoring) with about 90.5% decline. An improvement in the overall mean PCV was seen as it rose from a mean of 24.1% (95% CI: 22.9-25.3) at first monitoring to 27.2% (95% CI: 26.2-28.1) at last monitoring which revealed a significant increase (P &lt; 0.01) until the third monitoring and maintained a stable state thereafter. This work finally disclosed that a relatively better efficacy was attained by using Deltamethrin pour-on formulation than targets in controlling tsetse and trypanosomiosis. However, this difference did not prove an apparent significance (P &gt; 0.05). So it is recommended to continue the current tsetse suppression by using the integrated approach of both techniques under consideration. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Deltamethrin; Efficacy; Intervention; Pour-on; Sentinel cattle; Trypanosomosis; Tsetse	deltamethrin; article; biological monitoring; cattle; disease carrier; disease control; Ethiopia; hematocrit; incidence; insect control; intervention study; nonhuman; population abundance; population density; risk reduction; trypanosomiasis; tsetse fly; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Ethiopia; Female; Hematocrit; Insect Control; Insecticides; Male; Nitriles; Prevalence; Pyrethrins; Trypanosomiasis, African; Tsetse Flies; Bos; Glossina (genus); Glossina pallidipes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67650573158	Evaluation of the performance of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo and Paracheck Pf® tests for the diagnosis of malaria in Wondo Genet, southern Ethiopia	Bekele Sharew, Mengistu Legesse, Abebe Animut, Daddi Jima, Girmay Medhin, Berhanu Erko	2009	Acta Tropica	111	3	10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.05.014	Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Bekele Sharew, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Mengistu Legesse, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abebe Animut, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Daddi Jima, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Girmay Medhin, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Berhanu Erko, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test relative to microscopy for the diagnosis of falciparum and vivax malaria in Ethiopia. Methods: 668 febrile patients visiting two health centers in Wondo Genet, southern Ethiopia, involved in this study in 2008. Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood smears were prepared and microscopically examined under a 100× oil immersion microscope objective for Plasmodium species identification and determination of parasitaemia, respectively. CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test and Paracheck Pf® test were performed as per the manufacturers' instruction. Findings: The diagnostic validity of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum were very good with sensitivity of 99.4%, specificity of 98%, positive predictive value of 94.4% and negative predictive value of 99.8%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the test for the diagnosis of P. vivax were 99.4%, 98.2%, 94.5% and 99.8%, respectively. The diagnostic performance of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test is comparable to that of Paracheck Pf® test for the diagnosis of P. falciparum (sensitivity 99.4%, specificity 98.2%). Conclusion: Although CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test and Paracheck Pf® test have comparable diagnostic performance for the diagnosis of P. falciparum, CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test has the added advantage of diagnosing P. vivax. Hence, it is preferable to use CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pv Combo test for the diagnosis of malaria in areas where microscopy is not accessible and where malaria due to P. falciparum and P. vivax are co-endemic as in Ethiopia. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	CareStart™ Malaria RDT; Diagnosis; Ethiopia; Malaria; Plasmodium species	disease treatment; malaria; medicine; microscopy; sensitivity analysis; adolescent; adult; aged; article; blood smear; child; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test; diagnostic value; Ethiopia; female; human; infant; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; malaria; malaria falciparum; male; parasite identification; Plasmodium vivax malaria; sensitivity and specificity; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Infant; Malaria, Falciparum; Malaria, Vivax; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Predictive Value of Tests; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Young Adult; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Wondo Genet; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747431938	On-farm performance evaluation of improved traditional small-scale irrigation practices: A case study from Dire Dawa area, Ethiopia	Bekele Z., Tilahun K.	2006	Irrigation and Drainage Systems	20	1	10.1007/s10795-006-5754-y	P.O. Box 843, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Alemaya University, P.O. Box 45, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Bekele, Z., P.O. Box 843, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Tilahun, K., Alemaya University, P.O. Box 45, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia	Field evaluation of surface irrigation systems play a fundamental role to determine the efficiency of the system as it is being used and to identify management practices and system configurations that can be implemented to improve the irrigation efficiency. This study evaluated the performance of an 'improved' traditional small-scale irrigation practice at Adada, a representative small-scale irrigation practice in Dire Dawa Administrative Council, Eastern Ethiopia. In order to determine numerical values of performance measures, certain parameters were measured/observed before, during and after an irrigation event while farmers are performing their normal irrigation practice. These parameters include: irrigated crop, irrigation method, stream size, cutoff time, soil moisture deficiency, and field size, shape and spacing. The results showed that the irrigation water applied to a farmer's plot during an irrigation event/turn was generally higher than the required depth to be applied per event. Since the irrigation method used was end-dyked, the major cause of water loss was due to deep percolation. The deep percolation loss was 32% in sorghum, 57% in maize, and 70% in tomato and potato fields. The type of irrigation system used, the ridged irrigation practice and the poor irrigation scheduling in the study sites were the main problems identified in the management and operations of the schemes. The following corrective measures are recommended to improve the system: (1) farmers should regulate the depth of irrigation water they apply according to the type of crop and its growth stage, change the field irrigation system and/or configuration especially for shallow rooted row crops, to furrow system, (2) guidance and support to farmers in developing and introduction of appropriate irrigation scheduling, and (3) future development interventions towards improvement of traditional irrigation practices should also focus in improving the on farm irrigation systems in addition to improving physical infrastructure of the scheme. © Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2006.	Ethiopia; Irrigation scheduling; Performance evaluation; Traditional irrigation	Agriculture; Efficiency; Evaluation; Numerical analysis; Performance; Scheduling; Irrigation scheduling; Surface irrigation systems; Traditional irrigation; Irrigation; Agriculture; Efficiency; Evaluation; Irrigation; Numerical analysis; Performance; Scheduling; irrigation system; percolation; performance assessment; traditional agriculture; Africa; Dire Dawa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Lycopersicon esculentum; Solanum tuberosum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908874692	Evaluation of some 1H-pyrazole derivatives as a dual acting antimalarial and anti-leishmanial agents	Bekhit A.A., Haimanot T., Hymete A.	2014	Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	27	6	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt	Bekhit, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Haimanot, T., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Hymete, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The synthesis of a novel series of 1H-pyrazole derivatives was achieved by condensation of pyrazole aldehyde 1 with hydrazine hydrate to give hydrazone 7. On the other hand, cyclization of α,β-unsaturated ketone counterpart 2 using hydrazine hydrate in liquid aliphatic acids rendered compounds 4-6 and hydrazine hydrate in ethanol afforded compound 3. The later was allowed to react with aroyl chloride giving rise to compounds 8, 9. All compounds were tested for their in vivo anti-malarial and in vitro antileishmanial activities. The anti-malarial activity was performed using Plasmodium berghei infected mice, while the anti-leishmanial activity of the compounds was determined against Leishmania aethiopica promastigotes using alamar blue reduction assay. Compound 3, 1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-phenyl-4-[3-(2-thienyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-yl]-1H-pyrazole, possessed the highest anti-malarial activity with suppression of 70.26%. The highest anti-leishmanial activity was exhibited by compound 2, 1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-phenyl-4-[1-(2-thienyl)-prop-2-en-1-one]-1H-pyrazole, with an IC50 of 0.079μg/ml. Hydrazone 7 showed appreciable dual anti-malarial (suppression = 62.30%) and anti-leishmanial activity (IC50 = 1.823μg/ml). © 2014, Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. All rights reserved.	1H-pyrazole; Acute toxicity; Alamar blue; Anti-malarial activity; Antileishmanial activity; Leishmania aethiopica; Plasmodium berghei	1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 (phenyl) 1h pyrazole 4 carboxaldehyde hydrazone; 1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 phenyl 4 [1 (2 thienyl) prop 2 en 1 one] 1h pyrazole; 1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 phenyl 4 [1 propyl 3 (2 thienyl) 2 pyrazolin 5 yl] 1h pyrazole; 1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 phenyl 4 [3 (2 thienyl) 2 pyrazolin 5yl] 1h pyrazole; 1h pyrazole derivative; 4 [1 acetyl 3 (2 thienyl) 2 pyrazolin 5 yl] 1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 phenyl 1h pyrazole; 4 [1 aroyl 3 (2 thienyl) 2 pyrazolin 5 yl] 1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 phenyl 1h pyrazole; 4 [1 butyl 3 (2 thienyl) 2 pyrazoline 5 yl] 1 p methylphenyl 3 phenyl 1h pyrazole; alcohol; aliphatic carboxylic acid; antileishmanial agent; antimalarial agent; chloride; hydrazine; hydrazone derivative; ketone; pyrazole derivative; unclassified drug; antimalarial agent; pyrazole derivative; antimalarial activity; Article; controlled study; cyclization; drug design; drug effect; drug screening; drug synthesis; IC50; in vitro study; in vivo study; Leishmania; Leishmania aethiopica; male; mouse; nonhuman; Plasmodium berghei; promastigote; animal; drug effects; toxicity; Animals; Antimalarials; Leishmania; Male; Mice; Plasmodium berghei; Pyrazoles	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43649098407	Impact of self-reported visual impairment on quality of life in the Ibadan study of ageing	Bekibele C., Gureje O.	2008	British Journal of Ophthalmology	92	5	10.1136/bjo.2007.124859	Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Bekibele, C., Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Gureje, O., Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Background: Information is lacking on the impact of visual impairment on the quality of life of elderly Africans. This study aims to examine the impact of self-reported visual impairment on the quality life of an elderly Nigerian sample. Results: Four hundred and fifty-three (22.3%) of the respondents reported impairment for distant vision, 377 (18.4%) reported near vision, and 312 (15.2) reported impairment for both far and near. Impairment of near vision had a significant impact on all domains of quality of life. Distant vision had less impact, with a significant decrement only in the domain of environment. After adjusting for the possible effects of age, sex, and co-occurring chronic physical illness, near-vision impairment accounted for 3.92% decrement in the overall quality of life of elderly persons. Conclusion: Impairment of vision is associated with significant decrement in diverse areas of quality of life in this elderly sample. Problems with near vision were nevertheless more likely than those of distant vision to affect quality of life.	None	aged; aging; article; controlled study; elderly care; environmental factor; female; human; major clinical study; male; physical disease; priority journal; psychological aspect; quality of life; self report; social aspect; visual impairment; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Developing Countries; Educational Status; Female; Geriatric Assessment; Health Status; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Nigeria; Presbyopia; Quality of Life; Self Disclosure; Visual Acuity; Visually Impaired Persons	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-51549116135	Self-reported visual impairment and impact on vision-related activities in an elderly Nigerian population: Report from the Ibadan Study of Ageing	Bekibele C.O., Gureje O.	2008	Ophthalmic Epidemiology	15	4	10.1080/09286580802336583	Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Bekibele, C.O., Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Gureje, O., Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Background: Studies have shown an association between visual impairment and poor overall function. Studies from Africa and developing countries show high prevalence of visual impairment. More information is needed on the community prevalence and impact of visual impairment among elderly Africans. Methods: A multi-stage stratified sampling of households was implemented to select persons aged 65 years and over in the south-western and north-central parts of Nigeria. Impairments of distant and near vision were based on subjective self-reports obtained with the use of items derived from the World Health Organization multi-country World Health Survey questionnaire. Impairment was defined as reporting much difficulty to questions on distant and near vision. Disabilities in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were evaluated by interview, using standardized scales. Results: A total of 2054 subjects 957 (46.6%) males and 1097 (53.4) females responded to the questions on vision. 22% (n = 453) of the respondents reported distant vision impairment, and 18% (n = 377) reported near vision impairment (not mutually exclusive). Fifteen percent (n = 312), however, reported impairment for both far and near vision. Impairment of distant vision increased progressively with age (P < 0.01). Persons with self-reported near vision impairment had elevated risk of functional disability in several IADLs and ADLs than those with out. Distant vision impairment was less associated with role limitations in both ADLs and IADLs. Conclusion: The prevalence of self-reported distant visual impairment was high but that for near visual impairment was less than expected in this elderly African population. Impairment of near vision was found to carry with it a higher burden of functional disability than that of distant vision. Copyright © 2008 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.	Activities of daily living; Functional disability; Visual impairment	adult; aged; aging; article; controlled study; female; functional disease; human; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; priority journal; quality of life; questionnaire; self report; vision; visual impairment; world health organization; Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Female; Humans; Male; Nigeria; Questionnaires; Self Disclosure; Sickness Impact Profile; Vision Disorders; Visually Impaired Persons	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646012002	Rapid scale-up of a community-based HIV treatment service: Programme performance over 3 consecutive years in Guguletu, South Africa	Bekker L.-G., Myer L., Orrell C., Lawn S., Wood R.	2006	South African Medical Journal	96	4	None	Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Bekker, L.-G., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Myer, L., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Orrell, C., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Lawn, S., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Wood, R., Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Background. Despite rapid expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa there are few longitudinal data describing programme performance during rapid scale-up. Methods. We compared mortality, viral suppression and programme retention in 3 consecutive years of a public sector community-based ART clinic in a South African township. Data were collected prospectively from establishment of services in October 2002 to the censoring date in September 2005. Viral load and CD4 counts were monitored at 4-monthly intervals. Community-based counsellors provided adherence and programme support. Results. During the study period 1139 ART-naïve patients received ART (161, 280 and 698 in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd years respectively). The median CD4 cell counts were 84 cells/μl (interquartile range (IQR) 42 -139), 89 cells/μl (IQR 490 - 149), and 110 cells/μl (IQR 55 -172), and the proportions of patients with World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stages 3 and 4 were 90%, 79% and 76% in each sequential year respectively. The number of counsellors increased from 6 to 28 and the median number of clients allocated to each counsellor increased from 13 to 33. The overall loss to follow-up was 2.9%. At the date of censoring, the Kaplan-Meier estimates of the proportion of patients still on the programme were 82%, 86% and 91%, and the proportion who were virally suppressed (< 400 copies/ml) were 100%, 92% and 98% for the 2002, 2003 and 2004 cohorts respectively. Conclusions. While further operational research is required into optimal models of care in different populations across sub-Saharan Africa, these results demonstrate that a single community-based public sector ART clinic can extend care to over 1000 patients in an urban setting without compromising programme performance.	None	antiretrovirus agent; cotrimoxazole; dapsone; didanosine; efavirenz; lamivudine; lopinavir plus ritonavir; nevirapine; RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor; stavudine; zidovudine; adolescent; adult; article; blood toxicity; CD4 lymphocyte count; child; cohort analysis; community care; controlled study; disease classification; female; follow up; health care distribution; health practitioner; health program; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; liver toxicity; longitudinal study; major clinical study; male; mortality; nonhuman; patient compliance; patient monitoring; public health service; South Africa; treatment outcome; virus inhibition; virus load; world health organization; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Child; Child, Preschool; DNA, Viral; Female; Follow-Up Studies; HIV; HIV Infections; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Program Evaluation; Prospective Studies; South Africa; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887586286	Performance and safety of the second-generation female condom (FC2) versus the Woman's, the VA worn-of-women, and the Cupid female condoms: A randomised controlled non-inferiority crossover trial	Beksinska M.E., Piaggio G., Smit J.A., Wu J., Zhang Y., Pienaar J., Greener R., Zhou Y., Joanis C.	2013	The Lancet Global Health	1	3	10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70054-8	Maternal, Adolescent and Child Health (MatCH), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Epidemiology and Social Science on Reproductive Health, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Joanis Consulting, Kennesaw, GA, United States	Beksinska, M.E., Maternal, Adolescent and Child Health (MatCH), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Piaggio, G., Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Smit, J.A., Maternal, Adolescent and Child Health (MatCH), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Wu, J., Department of Epidemiology and Social Science on Reproductive Health, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Zhang, Y., Department of Epidemiology and Social Science on Reproductive Health, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Pienaar, J., Maternal, Adolescent and Child Health (MatCH), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Greener, R., Maternal, Adolescent and Child Health (MatCH), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Zhou, Y., Department of Epidemiology and Social Science on Reproductive Health, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Joanis, C., Joanis Consulting, Kennesaw, GA, United States	Background: New designs of female condom have been developed to reduce costs and improve acceptability. To secure regulatory approvals, clinical studies are needed to verify performance. We aimed to assess the functional performance and safety of three new condom types-the Woman's Condom, the VA worn-of-women (wow) Condom Feminine, and the Cupid female condom-against the existing second-generation female condom (FC2). Methods: We did a randomised controlled, non-inferiority, four-period crossover trial at three sites in Shanghai, China, and one site in Durban, South Africa, between May 1, 2011, and Jan 31, 2012. Participants aged 18-45 years who were sexually active, monogamous, not pregnant, and not sex workers, were eligible for inclusion if they were literate, had no known allergies to the study products; used a reliable, non-barrier method of contraception, and had no visible or reported sexually transmitted infections. We used a computer-generated randomisation sequence with a Williams square design of size four to assign patients (1:1:1:1) to the FC2 control device, or the Woman's, VA wow, or Cupid condoms, with 12 potential allocations. Randomisation was stratified by site. Participants were not masked to condom type, but allocation was concealed from study investigators. The primary non-inferiority endpoints were total clinical failure and total female condom failure, with a non-inferiority margin of 3%. Women were asked to use five of each condom type and were interviewed after use of each type. We also assessed safety data for each type. We did both per-protocol and intention-to-treat analyses. We calculated frequencies and percentages for each failure event and estimated differences in performance with a generalised estimating equation model. This study is registered, number DOH-27-0113-4271. Findings: 616 women were assessed for eligibility, of whom 600 were randomly assigned to condom-type order (30, 120, and 150 women in the three sites in China, and 300 women in the site in South Africa). 572 women completed follow-up, with at least one condom of each type. Total female condom failure was 3·43% for FC2, 3·85% for the Woman's Condom (difference 0·42%, 90% CI -1·42 to 2·26), 3·02% for VA wow (-0·42%, -1·86 to 1·32), and 4·52% for Cupid (1·09%, -0·60 to 2·78); total clinical failure was 2·88%, 3·05% (0·17%, -1·48 to 1·81), 2·49% (-0·25%, -1·75 to 1·26), and 3·87% (0·99%, -0·55 to 2·52), respectively. Only two (<1%) participants, in South Africa, reported serious adverse events, unrelated to use of the study products. Interpretation: Non-inferiority was shown for all condom failure events for the three new devices versus the FC2, within the predefined margin. Funding: Universal Access to Female Condoms (UAFC). © 2013 Beksinska et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms CC BY-NC-ND.	None	adult; article; controlled study; cupid female condom; device safety; female; female condom; follow up; human; human experiment; penile itching; performance; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; rash; second generation female condom; VA worn of women condom; vagina pain; vagina swelling; vaginal burning sensation; vaginal pruritus; adolescent; China; crossover procedure; device failure; equipment design; middle aged; patient attitude; patient satisfaction; South Africa; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; China; Condoms, Female; Cross-Over Studies; Equipment Design; Equipment Failure; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Patient Satisfaction; South Africa; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33644848750	Performance of the Reality® polyurethane female condom and a synthetic latex prototype: A randomized crossover trial among South African women	Beksinska M., Smit J., Mabude Z., Vijayakumar G., Joanis C.	2006	Contraception	73	4	10.1016/j.contraception.2005.07.015	Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Mayville, 4091, South Africa; Department of Development Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States	Beksinska, M., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Mayville, 4091, South Africa; Smit, J., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Mayville, 4091, South Africa; Mabude, Z., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Mayville, 4091, South Africa; Vijayakumar, G., Department of Development Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Joanis, C., Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States	Objective: This multisite, randomized, crossover trial comparing the performance of the Reality® female condom (FC1) with a new synthetic latex prototype (FC2) was conducted in Durban, South Africa. Method: In total, 276 women were enrolled and 201 women completed the study. Altogether, 1910 FC1 condoms and 1881 FC2 condoms were used. Results: Total breakage was 0.73% in FC1 and 0.85% in FC2 (95% confidence interval, -0.64 to 0.87). The number of clinical breakages (those that could result in a pregnancy or sexually transmitted infection) was similar for each condom type (FC1, n=9; FC2, n=8). Incorrect penetration (penis between condom and vaginal wall) was 1.26% and 0.64% for FC1 and FC2, respectively. Outer ring displacements (outer ring pushed into the vagina partially or fully) were comparable for both condoms (FC1, 3.14%; FC2, 2.98%). Slippage (condom came out of the vagina) was rare and reported in 0.37% or less of devices used. Total clinical failure was 5.24% in FC1 and 4.3% in FC2. Conclusion: The FC1 and FC2 performed comparably within this trial. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	Barrier methods; Female condom; Performance; Randomized trial; Reality; Synthetic latex	latex; polyetherurethan; polyurethan; adult; article; clinical trial; condom; confidence interval; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; female; human; human experiment; intermethod comparison; pregnancy; randomized controlled trial; sexual intercourse; sexually transmitted disease; South Africa; crossover procedure; equipment; statistics; Adult; Condoms, Female; Cross-Over Studies; Equipment Failure; Female; Humans; Latex; Polyurethanes; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70450184718	Factors affecting growth performance of sheep under village management conditions in the south western part of Ethiopia	Bela B., Haile A.	2009	Livestock Research for Rural Development	21	11	None	Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia	Bela, B., Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Haile, A., Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P. O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia	The study was conducted to assess the growth performance of lambs under village management condition in Jimma, Ethiopia from 1995 to 1997. The overall mean body weight at birth, at weaning (180 days) and up to a year (360 days) was recorded to be 2.45, 18.8 and 25.4 kg, respectively. The overall mean growth rate up to weaning weight (180 days) and up to one year old (360 days) was 92.3 and 68.3 g/day. The non-genetic factors such as season, yea, sex, parity, litter size and district were considered in this study. The main factors had a significant effect (at least p<0.05) on weight for age and weight gains recorded. A consistent significant effect of sex and birth type (single/twin) (p< 0.05) was observed for weight for age and growth rates. The males were heavier than females, by 7.11% and 10.2% for 180 days and 360 days weight, respectively. The twins were lighter than singles by 20.1% and 8.32% for 180 days and 300 days weight, respectively. The effect of parity was significant (p<0.05). The lambs born to ewes at first parity had lower weight for ages and weight gains compared to infsequent parities. The lambs born in land scarce area (Dedo district) had lower weight gains than lambs born in Seka (land better area). Differences were significant (P<0.05) and weight gain recorded at 180 days were 85.3 and 90.9 g/day for Dedo and Seka lambs, respectively. The variation in growth performance of sheep in different districts could provide base line information to set a long-term genetic improvement plan by election. The results are discussed in comparison with data obtained from elsewhere in the tropics.	Lambs; None-genetic factors; Weight for age; Weight gain	Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929429757	Electrochemical evaluation and DFT studies of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,6-dioxo-8-phenyl-4,6-dihydropyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine-7-carbonitrile of carbon steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid	Belayachi M., Serrar H., El Assyry A., Oudda H., Boukhris S., Ebn Touhami M., Zarrouk A., Hammouti B., Ebenso E.E., El Midaoui A.	2015	International Journal of Electrochemical Science	10	4	None	Laboratoire des procèdes de séparation, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail, BP 133, Kenitra, Morocco; Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, Organométallique et Théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail, BP 133, Kenitra, Morocco; Laboratoire d'Optoélectronique et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux, Unité associée au CNRST, Département de Physique,Université Ibn Tofail, B.P. 133, Kénitra, Morocco; Laboratoire Matériaux, Electrochimie et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail, Kenitra, Morocco; LCAE-URAC18, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed 1er, Oujda, Morocco; Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa	Belayachi, M., Laboratoire des procèdes de séparation, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail, BP 133, Kenitra, Morocco; Serrar, H., Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, Organométallique et Théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail, BP 133, Kenitra, Morocco; El Assyry, A., Laboratoire d'Optoélectronique et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux, Unité associée au CNRST, Département de Physique,Université Ibn Tofail, B.P. 133, Kénitra, Morocco; Oudda, H., Laboratoire des procèdes de séparation, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail, BP 133, Kenitra, Morocco; Boukhris, S., Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, Organométallique et Théorique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail, BP 133, Kenitra, Morocco; Ebn Touhami, M., Laboratoire Matériaux, Electrochimie et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail, Kenitra, Morocco; Zarrouk, A., LCAE-URAC18, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed 1er, Oujda, Morocco; Hammouti, B., LCAE-URAC18, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed 1er, Oujda, Morocco, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Ebenso, E.E., Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; El Midaoui, A., Laboratoire des procèdes de séparation, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail, BP 133, Kenitra, Morocco	In present study corrosion inhibition property of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4,6-dioxo-8-phenyl-4,6-dihydropyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine-7-carbonitrile (CHPPC) in 1.0 M HCl was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization and DFT studies. From electrochemical measurements it is observed that inhibition efficiency increases with CHPPC concentration and maximum efficiency (98.9) was obtained at 1.0 mM. The potentiodynamic study reveals that pyrimidothiazine derivative is a mixed type inhibitor with predominant cathodic action. EIS plot indicates that the addition of inhibitor increases the charge-transfer resistance (R<inf>ct</inf>) and decreases the double-layer capacitance (C<inf>dl</inf>) of the corrosion process, these observation reveal that investigated pyrimidothiazine derivative inhibits carbon steel corrosion by adsorption mechanism. Adsorption of pyrimidothiazine derivative on carbon steel surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The effect of temperature on the corrosion rate was investigated and some thermodynamic parameters were also calculated in order to explain the mechanism of adsorption. A theoretical study of the corrosion inhibition efficiency of this pyrimidothiazine derivative, was carried out using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. © 2015 The Authors.	Corrosion inhibition; DFT; Electrochemical techniques; Pyrimidothiazine derivative; Steel	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349578787	Seed size effect on grain weight and agronomic performance of tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter]	Belay G., Zemede A., Assefa K., Metaferia G., Tefera H.	2009	African Journal of Agricultural Research	4	9	None	Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Belay, G., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Zemede, A., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Assefa, K., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Metaferia, G., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Tefera, H., Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Debre Zeit Center, P.O. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter], the indigenous Ethiopian cereal, has a very minute seed size, yet it has a strong bearing both on the preferences of farmers for planting material and consumers as quality measure. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of sieve-graded seeds on the grain weight of tef, and to investigate whether large seed size offers yield and agronomic advantages over using un-graded planting seed materials. Seeds of two tef varieties, DZ-01-974 and DZ-Cr-37 (early type) were sieve-graded in to five seed size treatments, and were field grown at Debre Zeit and Akaki experiment stations, in 2005 and 2006, along with the un-graded seed (Mix) as a control. A split-plot design replicated three times in randomized complete block arrangements was used; varieties were used as main plots while seed sizes were kept as sub-plots. Grain yield, days-to-panicle emergence (DPE), plant height, biomass yield and panicle length were considered. There was clear increase of 100- seed weight when seed size increased. However, seed size effects were statistically significant, but not agronomically meaningful, only for DPE. Generally, there were trends of increased grain yield (up to 7%) due to large seeds, but the advantages for the other traits were nil. Relative growth rates (RGR) were similar for the seed-size groups, and therefore, were unable to explain the lack of significant effects. In conclusion, under optimum production conditions, the added advantages of large seed size do not justify tef-seed grading. On the other hand, farmers may consider the use of smaller size seeds for planting and sell large size seeds for consumption purpose. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Eragrostis tef; Seed size; Tef; Tef agronomy	Eragrostis; Eragrostis tef	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84916943720	Physicochemical and sensory evaluation of some cooking banana (Musa spp.) for boiling and frying process	Belayneh M., Workneh T.S., Belew D.	2014	Journal of Food Science and Technology	51	12	10.1007/s13197-013-0940-z	School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X0l, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa	Belayneh, M., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X0l, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa; Workneh, T.S., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X0l, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa; Belew, D., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X0l, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa	Experiments were conducted to study physicochemical properties of four cooking banana varieties (Cardaba, Nijiru, Matoke and Kitawira) and to determine their suitability for chips processing and boiling quality. A randomized complete block design with three replications was employed. Pulp to peel ratio, pulp firmness (before and after), total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, ease of peeling, pulp water absorption, duration of cooking (or boiling) and dry matter are the most important parameters to evaluate the quality of cooking banana including plantain. The different variety affected the fruit physical characteristics significantly (P ≤ 0.05). The Cardaba varieties fruit was found to be the heaviest and the longest. The Kitawira and Nijiru varieties had the smallest, shortest and thinnest fruit. The Cardaba contained 88 % more edible portions per unit fresh weight than the peel. The Nijiru, Matoke and Kitawira contained more pulp weight than peel weight. Most fruit chemical quality parameters were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by the varieties. Similarly, the boiling and chips qualities were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by varieties. Among others, the Cardaba variety was found to have high fruit weight, fruit length, fruit girth, fruit volume, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, dry matter and low total titratable acidity. Thus, Cardaba provided the best quality boiled pulp which can serve for diversified culinary purposes. Generally, the Nijiru, Kitawira and Matoke varieties were found to be superior to produce acceptable quality chips. These varieties are recommended for chips development by food processors in Ethiopia. © 2013, Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India).	Banana; Boiling; Cooking; Physicochemical; Sensory quality	Ascorbic acid; Boiling liquids; Cooking; Fruits; Quality control; Sensory perception; Soil conditioners; Water absorption; Water quality; Banana; Physical characteristics; Physicochemical; Physicochemical property; Sensory evaluation; Sensory qualities; Titratable acidity; Total soluble solids; Pulp cooking; Musa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891641090	Reproductive performance of Abergelle goats and growth rate of their crosses with Boer goats	Belay S., Gebru G., Godifey G., Brhane M., Zenebe M., Hagos H., Teame T.	2014	Livestock Research for Rural Development	26	1	None	Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Mekelle Agricultural Research Centre, Tigray, Ethiopia	Belay, S., Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Gebru, G., Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Godifey, G., Mekelle Agricultural Research Centre, Tigray, Ethiopia; Brhane, M., Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Zenebe, M., Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Hagos, H., Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia; Teame, T., Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre, PO Box 492, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia	This study was undertaken to evaluate the pre and post weaning growth of F1 crossbred Boer-Abergelle goat kids, and reproductive performance of pure Abergelle under a semi-intensive management system. The study was implemented in Abergelle Agricultural Research Centre goat farm in northern Ethiopia. Three independent variables: namely birth type, sex and parity number and seven dependent variables: body weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), six-month weight (SMW), yearling weight (YW) and weight gains to weaning, six months and one year were analyzed. A total of 166 F1 kids of which 90 were from the first parity, 53 from the second and 23 from the third parity were used to evaluate the growth rate of the crossbred kids. Yearling weights of the crossbred kids were higher for males than for females. The highest values for WWG, SMWG and YWG were observed in the first parity. Average kidding interval of the Abergelle goats was 11.3 months with a minimum and maximum of 9 and 17 months, respectively. Prolificacy rates were 1.06, 1.11 and 1.07 in 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively. Generally, Boer-Abergelle F1 kids had high growth rates (range 73 to 113 g/day) and had low mortality, especially pre-weaning. Purebred Abergelle goats had long kidding interval and most had single births.	Crossbreeding; Growth; Mortality; Reproductive performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924989389	Benchtop MRI for pharmacokinetic evaluation of two aqueous-based nano-scaled formulations of oleic acid stabilized magnetite nanocrystals	Belete A., Metz H., Mueller T., Maeder K.	2015	Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy	41	3	10.3109/03639045.2013.871552	Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Churchill Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Medical Faculty, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany	Belete, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany, Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Churchill Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Metz, H., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; Mueller, T., Medical Faculty, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; Maeder, K., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany	Background: The interplay between numerous factors, including the size, shape, coating, surface charge and composition of particles is known to affect the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of superparamagnetic iron oxides (SPIOs). This makes understanding the role of each factor independently quite challenging. Methods: In the present study, the in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), biodistribution and hepatic clearance evaluations of two SPIOs Formulations A and B developed from ∼13.5nm hydrophobic oleic acid stabilized monodisperse magnetite nanocrystals core and lipid-based amphiphilic stabilizers were performed using a prototype benchtop MR imager (22MHz) and pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system (20MHz), respectively. Formulation A was composed of mPEG-2000-DSPE and Formulation B was composed of Phospholipon-100H, sucrose ester M-1695 and Cremophor RH-40. Results: The in vivo MRI investigations showed that both formulations were safe and effective as potential liver MR contrast agents with sustained liver contrast for at least seven days. In addition, ex vivo relaxometric investigations revealed that the formulations predominantly distribute to the liver and spleen following I.V. injection. The hepatic clearance kinetics determined based on the relaxometric quantification method indicated that both formulations exhibited a biphasic clearance process with a slow terminal clearance half-life of 11.5 and 12.7 days, respectively, for Formulations A and B. Conclusions: The results of this study showed the potential biomedical applications of the investigated magnetopharmaceutical formulations as MRI contrast agents. © 2013 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.	Benchtop MRI; Biodistribution; ex vivo relaxometry; Hepatic clearance; Magnetite nanocrystals; MRI contrast agent	amphophile; cremophor; macrogol 2000; magnetite nanocrystal; nanocrystal; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging agent; oleic acid; phosphatidylcholine; phosphatidylethanolamine; stabilizing agent; sucrose ester derivative; superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle; unclassified drug; magnetite nanoparticle; oleic acid; water; animal experiment; animal tissue; aqueous solution; Article; controlled study; drug distribution; drug efficacy; drug formulation; drug half life; drug safety; ex vivo study; female; hydrophobicity; in vivo study; liver clearance; mouse; nonhuman; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; quantitative analysis; tissue distribution; animal; Bagg albino mouse; chemistry; drug effects; drug screening; medicinal chemistry; metabolism; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; physiology; procedures; Animals; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Female; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetite Nanoparticles; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Oleic Acid; Tissue Distribution; Water	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-43049094353	Can crops be irrigated with sodium bicarbonate rich CBM deep aquifer water? Theoretical and field evaluation	Beletse Y.G., Annandale J.G., Steyn J.M., Hall I., Aken M.E.	2008	Ecological Engineering	33	1	10.1016/j.ecoleng.2007.12.011	Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Anglo Coal Project Services, Private Bag X9, Leraatsfontein 1038, South Africa; Anglo Coal Environmental Services, Private Bag X9, Leraatsfontein 1038, South Africa	Beletse, Y.G., Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Annandale, J.G., Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Steyn, J.M., Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Hall, I., Anglo Coal Project Services, Private Bag X9, Leraatsfontein 1038, South Africa; Aken, M.E., Anglo Coal Environmental Services, Private Bag X9, Leraatsfontein 1038, South Africa	A simulation modelling exercise, followed by field trials was carried out to assess the suitability of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) rich water obtained from dewatering for extraction of methane gas from coal beds in the Limpopo Province, Republic of South Africa. This water has a very high EC of 750 mS m-1, which according to FAO water quality guidelines would suit only salt tolerant crops. Modelled crop growth at a leaching fraction (LF) of 23% using the Soil Water Balance (SWB) model gave root zone salinity (ECe) between 857 and 981 mS m-1, and a 90% potential crop yield. In the field trials, barley, Italian ryegrass and Bermuda grass were successfully grown in a loamy sand soil without leaf burn and toxicity problems, but cotton foliage was scorched when sprinkler irrigated. Drip emitter discharge rate decreased from 3.99 ± 0.15 to 3.5 ± 0.19 l h-1, suggesting that clogging will be problematic with micro irrigation. SWB gave a good estimation of the suitability of this NaHCO3 rich water in the theoretical assessment, which was similar to the experimental findings. SWB, therefore, is a useful tool for assessing the suitability of NaHCO3 deep aquifer water for irrigation of agricultural crops. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Irrigation; Long term; Mine water; Modelling; NaHCO3; Salt tolerance; SWB model	Extraction; Irrigation; Mathematical models; Methane; Mine water; Salt tolerance; SWB model; Sodium compounds; Extraction; Irrigation; Mathematical models; Methane; Sodium compounds; aquifer; barley; bicarbonate; coal seam; crop yield; growth; irrigation; methane; mine; salinity tolerance; sodium; toxicity; water quality; Africa; Limpopo; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Cynodon dactylon; Gossypium hirsutum; Hordeum; Lolium multiflorum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547655503	Effect of feeding graded levels of Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) seed meal on the performance characteristics of West African Dwarf goat	Belewu M.A., Orisameyiti B.R., Ajibola K.A.	2007	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	6	6	None	Department of Animal Production, Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Belewu, M.A., Department of Animal Production, Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Orisameyiti, B.R., Department of Animal Production, Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Ajibola, K.A., Department of Animal Production, Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	The efficacy of Tigernut seed meal in the diet of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats was evaluated in a completely randomized design model for a 56 day period. The diets consist of A (control, without Tigernut seed meal), B (10% Tigernut seed meal plus 28% wheat offal) and C (20% Tigernut seed meal plus 18% wheat offal). Other ingredients are of fixed percentages. The results revealed increasing crude protein and acid detergent fibre contents as the Tigernut seed meal increased. The intakes of the two components (crude protein and acid detergent fibre) were significantly higher in diet C compared to other diets However, the crude protein digestibility was similar in all the diets while the acid detergent fibre digestibility of the Tigernut seed meal based diet was superior (p<0.05) to that of the control. The ether extract intake and digestibility were higher (p<0.05) for diets B and C (Tigernut seed meal based diets) compared to diet A (control). The crude fibre digestibility of diet C was numerically higher than that of diet A (control) which are similar (p>0.05). Animals on Tigernut seed meal based diet gained more weight than those on diet A (control) due probably to higher feed efficiency of these diets (B and C). In conclusion, a Tigernut seed meal could form part of the complete diet, supplying both protein and energy supplements in the diet of ruminant animals. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007.	Digestibility; Feed intake; Tigernut seed meal; Weight gain; West African dwarf goat	detergent; ether; protein; animal experiment; animal food; article; bovids; controlled study; Cyperus; diet supplementation; digestion; food composition; food intake; goat; nonhuman; physical performance; productivity; protein content; weight gain; wheat; Animalia; Capra hircus; Cyperus esculentus; Triticum aestivum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65449130102	Nutritional, microbiological and sensory evaluation of honey treated and untreated soft cheese	Belewu M.A., Morakinyo O.A.	2009	European Journal of Scientific Research	26	1	None	Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Belewu, M.A., Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Morakinyo, O.A., Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Chemical composition, sensory perception and microbial quality were determined in untreated {A (0%), B (sorghum treated), C (Fried cheese) and honey treated cheese samples D (5%), E (10%) and F (15%)} in a completely randomized design model. The results revealed highest crude protein content for treatment F (15% honey) represents an increase over Treatments A, B and C. Treatment A had the highest ash content while Treatment F had the least. When subjected to sensory perception, honey treated cheese samples ranked appreciably highest (P<0.05) for all the sensory parameters compared to the untreated samples. The honey treated cheese samples had a shelf life of at least 3 months. The presence of the antimicrobial factors of honey may be responsible for the low microbial levels of the honey treated cheese samples. At 15% level (Treatment F) there was no record of microbial detection indicating that honey may be useful for inhibiting microbial growth in cheese and other milk products that are less stable or require longer storage time than milk products. It was concluded that treatment of cheese sample with honey can help upscale the value (nutritive and sensory) of such cheese sample and reduce/discourage the growth or persistence of many microorganisms. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2009.	Cheese; Chemical composition; Natural pure honey; Sensory and microbial qualities	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957445336	Evaluation of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citrates) oil and pure natural honey on the shelf life of cheese	Belewu M.A., Belewu K.Y., Ganiyu R.O.	2011	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	10	4	None	Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, Department of Animal production, University of Ilorin, Nigeria	Belewu, M.A., Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, Department of Animal production, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; Belewu, K.Y., Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, Department of Animal production, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; Ganiyu, R.O., Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, Department of Animal production, University of Ilorin, Nigeria	The efficacy of Lemon grass oil (Cymbopogon citrates), pure natural honey and whey in extending the shelf life of West African soft cheese was evaluated in a completely randomized design model. The treatments include Lemon grass oil (A). Pure natural honey (B); and the Control (Whey (C). The nutritional composition revealed increased dry matter content for Treatments A and B which are similar (p&gt;0.05) but significantly higher than the control (C). The crude fat was significantly higher in the control (C) and least in Treatments B and A in that order. The Lemon grass oil treated sample (A) had the highest crude protein content while the crude protein content of B and C was 15.64% and 12.62% respectively. The ash content ranged between 4.51 and 1.17% and it was greatest for Treatment A, greater in the control (C) and great in Treatment B. The Influence of Lemon grass oil on the cheese was noticed, with lowest bacterial count (21cfu/g ×103). However, the highest total bacterial count of 140cfu/g ×103 was recorded for the Control treatment (C) while honey treated sample had 73cfu/g ×103. Contrarily, the fungal count of honey treated sample (B) was 12cfu/g × 102 followed closely by A (10cfu/g × 102) Lemon grass oil and 30cfu/g × 102 for C. Isolation of various bacterial and fungi from the samples revealed the presence of Lactobacillus cocci, Lactobacillus planterium, Micrococcus luteus, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus oryzae in the Control sample (C). With the exception of Micrococcus luteum which was negative in the honey treated sample (B) other aforementioned fungi and bacterial species are found to be positive /present. It is enough to note that Lemon grass oil prevent the cheese against Micrococcus luteus, Lactobacillus planterium and Rhizopus oryzae.The presence of antmicrobial activity of Lemon grass oil may be responsible for increasing the shelf life of the cheese sample. It could be concluded from this study that preservation of cheese with Lemon grass oil enhanced the nutritional quality and shelf life of the sample.	Lemon grass oil; Microbial count; Proximate composition; Pure natural honey; Shelf life	Aspergillus niger; Bacteria (microorganisms); Cymbopogon; Cymbopogon citratus; Fungi; Lactobacillus; Micrococcus; Micrococcus luteus; Rhizopus; Rhizopus oryzae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79961045624	Evaluation of nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and Pseudomonas fluorescens for Panama disease control	Belgrove A., Steinberg C., Viljoen A.	2011	Plant Disease	95	8	10.1094/PDIS-06-10-0409	Agricultural Research Council-Grain Crops Institute, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; INRA-Université de Bourgogne, Microbiology of Soil and Environment, Dijon, France; Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Belgrove, A., Agricultural Research Council-Grain Crops Institute, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Steinberg, C., INRA-Université de Bourgogne, Microbiology of Soil and Environment, Dijon, France; Viljoen, A., Department of Plant Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum endophytes from healthy banana roots were evaluated for their ability to reduce Fusarium wilt of banana (Panama disease). Isolates were identified morphologically and by using species-specific primers. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating banana plantlets in the greenhouse. Nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates were grouped into 14 haplotype groups by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the intergenic spacer region, and representative isolates evaluated for biocontrol of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense. In the greenhouse, 10 nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates were able to significantly reduce Fusarium wilt of banana. The isolate that protected banana plantlets best in the greenhouse, a nonpathogenic F. oxysporum from the root rhizosphere, and Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS 417 were then field tested. When the putative biological control organisms were tested in the field, neither the nonpathogenic F. oxysporum, P. fluorescens, nor combinations thereof reduced Fusarium wilt development significantly. A number of factors could contribute to the lack of field protection, including soil microbial and chemical composition and reduced survival of biocontrol organisms in banana roots. A lack of knowledge regarding the etiology of Fusarium wilt of 'Cavendish' banana in the subtropics and the effect of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race and banana cultivar in protection of banana by biocontrol organisms should be further investigated. © 2011 The American Phytopathological Society.	None	Fusarium; Fusarium oxysporum; Fusarium sp.; Musa acuminata; Pseudomonas fluorescens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926138501	The impact of a mental health teaching programme on rural and urban secondary school students' perceptions of mental illness in southwest Nigeria	Bella-Awusah T., Adedokun B., Dogra N., Omigbodun O.	2014	Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health	26	3	10.2989/17280583.2014.922090	Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Greenwood Institute for Child Health, Westcotes House, Wes	Bella-Awusah, T., Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Adedokun, B., Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Dogra, N., Greenwood Institute for Child Health, Westcotes House, Westcotes Drive, Leicester, United Kingdom; Omigbodun, O., Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, College of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria	Objective: Available evidence suggests that children hold negative views about mental illness. Studies show that it is possible for schools and mental health services to jointly undertake child and adolescent mental health promotion. This study aimed to assess the impact of a school based mental health awareness programme aimed at increasing mental health literacy and reducing negative views about persons with mental illness. Methods: A total of 154 secondary school students in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria, were allocated into an intervention and a control group. Students in the intervention group received a three-hour mental health awareness session. All students completed a pre-, immediate post, and six month post-intervention questionnaire on their views about mental health and illness. Results: There was a significant difference in the mean knowledge scores between the intervention and the control group post-intervention, but no significant differences in attitude and social distance scores. Conclusion: Brief training workshops appear able to produce small but positive changes in the mental health knowledge of young Nigerians. Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd.	None	adolescent; age distribution; Article; attitude to health; awareness; controlled study; female; health education; health program; high school; human; knowledge; major clinical study; male; mental disease; mental health; Nigeria; perception; questionnaire; rural area; schizophrenia; social distance; teaching; urban area; attitude to health; child; education; health education; mental disease; procedures; program evaluation; psychology; rural population; statistics and numerical data; student; urban population; Adolescent; Child; Education; Female; Health Education; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Nigeria; Program Evaluation; Questionnaires; Rural Population; Students; Urban Population	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873871420	Short-term rationing of combination antiretroviral therapy: Impact on morbidity, mortality, and loss to follow-up in a large HIV treatment program in Western Kenya	Bell A.J., Wools-Kaloustian K., Kimaiyo S., Liu H., Katschke A., Shen C., Simiyu G., Musick B.S., Sidle J.E., Siika A., Braitstein P.	2012	AIDS Research and Treatment	2012	None	10.1155/2012/814564	Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 West 10th Street, OPW M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; USAID-Academic Model for Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), P.O. Box 5760-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Regenstrief Institute Incorporated, 1050 Wishard Boulevard, RG 5, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Health Sciences Building, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada	Bell, A.J., Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 West 10th Street, OPW M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Wools-Kaloustian, K., Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 West 10th Street, OPW M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Kimaiyo, S., USAID-Academic Model for Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), P.O. Box 5760-30100, Eldoret, Kenya, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Liu, H., Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 West 10th Street, OPW M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Katschke, A., Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 West 10th Street, OPW M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Shen, C., Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 West 10th Street, OPW M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Simiyu, G., USAID-Academic Model for Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), P.O. Box 5760-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Musick, B.S., Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 West 10th Street, OPW M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Sidle, J.E., Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 West 10th Street, OPW M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States, USAID-Academic Model for Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), P.O. Box 5760-30100, Eldoret, Kenya, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Siika, A., USAID-Academic Model for Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), P.O. Box 5760-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Braitstein, P., Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 West 10th Street, OPW M200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States, USAID-Academic Model for Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), P.O. Box 5760-30100, Eldoret, Kenya, Moi University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya, Regenstrief Institute Incorporated, 1050 Wishard Boulevard, RG 5, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Health Sciences Building, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada	Background. There was a 6-month shortage of antiretrovirals (cART) in Kenya. Methods. We assessed morbidity, mortality, and loss to follow-up (LTFU) in this retrospective analysis of adults who were enrolled during the six-month period with restricted cART (cap) or the six months prior (pre-cap) and eligible for cART at enrollment by the pre-cap standard. Cox models were used to adjust for potential confounders. Results. 9009 adults were eligible for analysis: 4,714 pre-cap and 4,295 during the cap. Median number of days from enrollment to cART initiation was 42 pre-cap and 56 for the cap (P < 0.001). After adjustment, individuals in the cap were at higher risk of mortality (HR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.06-1.39) and LTFU (HR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.04-1.22). There was no difference between the groups in their risk of developing a new AIDS-defining illness (HR = 0.92 95% CI 0.82-1.03). Conclusions. Rationing of cART, even for a relatively short period of six months, led to clinically adverse outcomes. © 2012 April J. Bell et al.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910027922	The impact of participative and directive leadership on organisational culture: An organisational development perspective	Bell C., Chan M., Nel P.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	23	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p1970	Department of Industrial Psychology, University of Fort Hare, South Africa	Bell, C., Department of Industrial Psychology, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Chan, M., Department of Industrial Psychology, University of Fort Hare, South Africa; Nel, P., Department of Industrial Psychology, University of Fort Hare, South Africa	Leadership is critical for the success of any organisation developing a sustainable and competitive culture. Organizational culture mediates the association between leadership styles and organizational performance. The purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of participative and directive leadership on organisational culture from an organisational development perspective. The data was collected from a sample of 246 administrative departmental employees at Fort Hare University using a self-designed biographical and occupational questionnaire. To measure participative leadership, a six-item 5-point rating scale adopted from Arnold et al. (2000) was also employed. To measure directive leadership, a seven-item bi-polar rating scale adopted from Litwin and Stringer (1968) was also employed. And to measure organisational culture, a four-item 5-point rating scale adopted from the Denison Organizational Culture Survey (Denison & Neale, 1996) was also used. Data analysis was done using various statistical techniques, including descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Technique and Multiple Regression Analysis. The results showed that participative and directive leadership have positive and significant impact on organisational culture. However, directive leadership has negative and insignificant impact on adaptability. The results also indicated that participative and directive leadership combined have no additive impact on organisational culture. However, participative leadership had a stronger effect on organisational culture than when was combined with directive leadership. The present study therefore, recommends managers to use participative leadership in their efforts to adapt their organisational cultures to achieve a sustained competitive culture. However, directive leadership may be used in certain organisational contingencies that demand it. © 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved.	Directive; Leadership; Organisational culture; Organisational development; Participative	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893970684	Attitude of Lesotho health care workers towards HIV/AIDS and impact of HIV/AIDS on the population structure	Belle J.A., Ferriera S.B., Jordaan A.	2013	African Health Sciences	13	4	10.4314/ahs.v13i4.36	Disaster Risk Management Training and Education Centre for Africa, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Department of Social Work, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Belle, J.A., Disaster Risk Management Training and Education Centre for Africa, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Ferriera, S.B., Department of Social Work, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Jordaan, A., Disaster Risk Management Training and Education Centre for Africa, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Background: The impact and management of HIV/AIDS in Lesotho in the context of disaster management was investigated. Objectives: Lesotho health care workers' perception on HIV/AIDS progression, whether HIV/AIDS was managed as a disaster, and the impact on the demographic profile was investigated. Methods: The empirical investigation included a literature study, and primary and secondary data analyses. Questionnaires (n=116) determined health care workers' perception of HIV/AIDS. Interviews with officers of Lesotho Disaster Management determined how HIV/AIDS was managed as a disaster. National population censuses and data from surveys were summarised to describe the impact of HIV/AIDS on the population structure. Results: Respondents' modal age group was 25 to 39 years, 28.4% viewed HIV/AIDS related deaths as very high and perceived that HIV/AIDS changed the age composition, sex and dependency ratio of the population. Although HIV/ AIDS was declared a disaster, the Lesotho Disaster Management Authority only aided the National AIDS Commission. There was evidence that HIV/AIDS caused the population pyramid base to shrink, and an indentation in the active population. Conclusion: Health care workers attributed HIV/AIDS to changing the demographic profile of Lesotho, also reflected in the population pyramid. Lesotho Disaster Management Authority played a supporting role in HIV/AIDS disaster management.	Disaster management; Health care workers; HIV/AIDS; Lesotho; Population	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; attitude to health; female; health personnel attitude; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; interview; Lesotho; male; middle aged; perception; psychology; questionnaire; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Attitude of Health Personnel; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; HIV Infections; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Lesotho; Male; Middle Aged; Perception; Questionnaires	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960963180	Evaluation of two milk replacers fed to hand-reared cheetah cubs (Acinonyx jubatus): Nutrient composition, apparent total tract digestibility, and comparison to maternal cheetah milk	Bell K.M., Rutherfurd S.M., Cottam Y.H., Hendriks W.H.	2011	Zoo Biology	30	4	10.1002/zoo.20344	Cheetah Outreach Trust, Cape Town, Western Cape Province, South Africa; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Ecology Group, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	Bell, K.M., Cheetah Outreach Trust, Cape Town, Western Cape Province, South Africa; Rutherfurd, S.M., Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Cottam, Y.H., Ecology Group, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Hendriks, W.H., Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	Commercially prepared milk replacers are frequently used to provide the sole source of nutrition for hand-reared cheetah cubs (Acinonyx jubatus). The nutrient composition of two commonly used milk replacers was determined. Using titanium dioxide as an indigestible marker, nutrient digestibility was calculated from the analyses of fecal samples collected from each cub (n = 4 on formula 1, and n = 2 on formula 2). Mean apparent total tract digestibility for both formulas was &gt;90% for all nutrients analyzed (crude protein, amino acids, crude fat (CF), and dry matter). However, the total CF content and the concentration of the essential fatty acids, such as α-linolenic, linolenic, and arachidonic acid, of both formulas was lower than reported for maternal cheetah milk. Additionally, one formula contained a comparatively high amount of carbohydrate, at the expense of protein. Although data were lacking for cheetah maternal milk, comparison with domestic cat milk revealed high concentrations of a number of minerals (K, Fe, Zn, and Cu), while vitamin D 3 was not detected in one formula. Both formulas were low in the majority of essential amino acids compared with domestic cat maternal milk. Despite their apparently high digestibility, neither formula was complete or balanced in terms of nutrient concentrations and ratios when maternal cheetah milk and/or the requirements established for growth in domestic cats were used as estimates of ideal. On this basis, although all cubs in this study were healthy and maintained good body conditions for the duration of the trial, the results of dietary analyses indicate that these milk replacers may not provide optimal nutrition for growth in cheetah cubs when used for extended periods. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc..	Diet; Felid; Formula; Nutrition	animal; animal disease; animal food; animal husbandry; article; cattle; cheetah; chemistry; diet; digestion; elemental diet; feces; methodology; milk; nutritional value; physiology; zoo animal; Acinonyx; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Animals, Zoo; Cattle; Diet; Digestion; Feces; Food, Formulated; Milk; Nutritive Value; Acinonyx jubatus; Felidae; Felis catus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858278466	Geotechnical Evaluation of Reddish Brown Tropical Soils	Bello A.A.	2012	Geotechnical and Geological Engineering	30	2	10.1007/s10706-011-9482-1	Department of Civil Engineering P. M. B. 4494, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria	Bello, A.A., Department of Civil Engineering P. M. B. 4494, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria	Laboratory investigations were carried out on reddish brown tropical soils from Moniya, Ibadan Southwestern Nigeria to determine the basic unconfined compressive strength of the soil samples which is an important factor to be considered when considering materials as liners in waste containment structure. Clay mineralogy, major element geochemical analyses were carried out by means of X-ray diffractometry and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry respectively. The engineering tests such as sieve size analyses, Atterberg limits, natural moisture contents, specific gravity and compaction using four different compactive efforts namely reduced proctor, standard proctor, West African standard and modified proctor. The tests were carried out in line with the procedures of the British standard 1377 of 1990 and Head of 1992. The soils were found to contain kaolinite as the major minerals with some mixtures of smectite, muscovite, halloysite, quartzite, biotite and aluminium phosphate. Values of the unconfined compressive strength obtained within 12.5 and 22.5% moulding water contents equal to or greater than 200 kN/m 2 which is the minimum acceptable value required for containment facilities. The maximum dry density, Mg/m 3 ranged between 1.68 and 1.98 while Optimum moisture content, % ranged between 12.3 and 21.2. Hence, unconfined compressive strength values were found to be greater than 200 kN/m 2 at dry unit weight of 16.20 kN/m 3 especially when WAS and modified proctor compactive efforts were used which met the minimum required unconfined compressive strength of 200 kN/m 2 for hydraulic barriers in waste containment facilities. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Clay mineralogy; Compactive efforts; Engineering tests; Reddish brown tropical soils; Unconfined compressive strength	Clay mineralogy; Compactive effort; Engineering tests; Reddish brown tropical soils; Unconfined compressive strength; Analytical geochemistry; Crystallography; Fluorescence spectroscopy; Kaolinite; Mica; Mineralogy; Minerals; Moisture determination; Soils; Standards; Tropics; X ray diffraction analysis; Compressive strength; aluminum compound; Atterberg limit; biotite; compressive strength; containment; halloysite; kaolinite; laboratory method; liner; muscovite; quartzite; smectite; soil mechanics; spectral analysis; standard (reference); tropical soil; unconformity; waste disposal; X-ray diffraction; X-ray fluorescence; Ibadan; Nigeria; Oyo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883270345	Monitoring crime rates with control charts using GIS classifications	Bello, Gulumbe S.U., Yelwa S.A., Badamasi M.M.	2012	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	7	2	10.3923/jeasci.2012.207.214	Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic, Katsin, Nigeria; Department of Mathematics, Usmanu Danfodio University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Geography, Nigeria	Bello, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hassan Usman Katsina Polytechnic, Katsin, Nigeria; Gulumbe, S.U., Department of Mathematics, Usmanu Danfodio University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Yelwa, S.A., Department of Geography, Nigeria; Badamasi, M.M., Department of Geography, Nigeria	Monitoring crime rate with statistical tools and modem scientific and technological methods determine the safely index or otherwise of a geographical area. This study explores the use of GIS classifications and mean and range charts for monitoring crime rates in a geographical area. The standard charts were constructed using the crime rates of the median levels of crimes from GIS classification of Katsina state crime data. The historical mean can be use to monitor the levels of the crimes in the future period. © Medwell Journals, 2012.	Charts; Crime; GIS; Mean; Nigeria; Property; Range	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866529255	Synergism of clinical evaluation and penile sonographic imaging in diagnosis of penile fracture: A case report	Bello J.O.	2012	Journal of Medical Case Reports	6	None	10.1186/1752-1947-6-321	Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria	Bello, J.O., Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria	Introduction. Penile fracture is an uncommon urologic emergency, and is the traumatic rupture of the tunica albuginea covering the corpus cavernosa. This usually occurs following blunt trauma sustained during coitus, masturbation or self-manipulations to hide or suppress an erection. Clinical diagnosis can often be easily made with typical history and examination findings. However, the patient may present atypically and/or with a suspicion of associated urethral injury. The roles of various diagnostic investigations are being evaluated in these situations. Case presentation. We report the case of a 31-year-old African man with penile fracture and suspected associated urethral injury that occurred after self-manipulations to hide an erection. Conclusions: Penile ultrasound and sonourethrography provide useful additional diagnostic information to supplement clinical history and physical examination findings and can be performed easily, at low cost and with no delays to surgery. © 2012 Bello; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Corpus Cavernosum; Penile fracture; Penile Ultrasound; Sonourethrography; Tunica Albuginea	article; case report; echography; emergency ward; hematoma; human; male; micturition disorder; penile swelling; penis injury; physical examination; priority journal; urethral catheterization; urethrography	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79961175993	Available feedstuffs such as palm performance of broilers fed varying levels of palm kernel cake	Bello K.M., Oyawoye E.O., Bogoro S.E., Dass U.S.	2011	International Journal of Poultry Science	10	4	10.3923/ijps.2011.290.294	Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria	Bello, K.M., Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria; Oyawoye, E.O., Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria; Bogoro, S.E., Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria; Dass, U.S., Animal Production Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria	The high cost of conventional feed ingredients has necessitated the investigation into unconventional readily Kernel Meal (PKM). The study was conducted to determine the effect of using different levels of PKM in broilers chicks diet on performance, cost effectiveness, blood chemistry and carcass characteristics. Two hundred (200) day old Anak 2000 broiler chicks were in a completely randomized design allocated to five dietary treatments (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% PKM) in four replicates. The birds were fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing 21% crude protein and 2700 kcal/kgME at the starter phase and 23% CP and 3000 kcal/kgME for the Finisher phase. The result showed that the feed intake and daily weight gain increases significantly (p<0.05) with increase in PKM inclusion up to 30% while the FCR were similar to the control. Performance in terms of daily weight gain and FCR indicated that birds on PKM diet perform equally well as those on the control diets. Similarly, the feed cost/kg weight gains were slightly better on the PKM based diet than the control. The result of the blood biochemical analysis showed there was no significant treatment effect on all the haematological parameters measured, which indicates that PKM does not contain any anti nutritional factor. Similarly, the carcass analysis showed non-significance effect of level of PKM on most of the organs except the heart, gall bladder and back weight. The gall bladder and back weight showed significant (p<0.05) increase with increase in PKM inclusion level while the heart weight was not following any particular pattern. These findings show that PKM can be included at 30% level in the diet of broilers without a negative effect on performance, carcass yield and blood constituents. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2011.	Blood biochemistry; Broilers; Carcass characteristics; Palm kernel cake; Performance	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78049465012	Evaluation of some empirical methods of estimating potential evapo-transpiration for determination of length of growing season in a tropical wet and dry climate	Bello N.J., Eruola A.O., Ufoegbune G.C., Awomeso J.A.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	16	None	University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Bello, N.J., University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Eruola, A.O., University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ufoegbune, G.C., University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Awomeso, J.A., University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	A comparison of 4 empirical methods of calculating potential evapo-transpiration (PE) using climatic data for the estimation of length of growing season from rainfall - potential evapo-transpiration model was carried out using 15 years of estimates recorded in Shaki, Southwestern Nigeria. The length of the growing season estimated from the 4 empirical methods of PE were related to the moisture requirements of some selected tropical crops. Data were analyzed by one - way ANOVA taking each yearly mean as the average of the 15 years (1991 - 2005) for the station. Results show that the methods varied greatly in their ability to define the magnitude and variability of the length of growing season. The original Penman and the modified Penman of McCulloch models showed no significant difference in their use for the determination of length of growing season. However, the Thornthwaite, the Priestly and Taylor showed differences in the estimates of length of growing season. Priestly and Taylor gave the least estimate of length of growing season. The relative reliability of each method in terms of accuracy of both measured and extrapolated meteorological data utilized was also discussed. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Length of growing season; Moisture requirement; Potential evapo-transpiration; Wet and dry climate	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901976418	Evaluation of biochemical and yield attributes of quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) in Nigeria	Bello O.B., Mahamood J., Afolabi M.S., Azeez M.A., Ige S.A., Abdulmaliq S.Y.	2013	Tropical Agriculture	90	4	None	Department of Biological Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Crop Science, Landmark University, Omuaran, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of	Bello, O.B., Department of Biological Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Mahamood, J., Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Afolabi, M.S., Department of Crop Science, Landmark University, Omuaran, Kwara State, Nigeria; Azeez, M.A., Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ige, S.A., Department of Agronomy, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria; Abdulmaliq, S.Y., Department of Agronomy, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria	Twenty two genotypes of quality protein maize (QPM) and two local checks were assessed for their lysine and tryptophan levels, as well as grain yield characteristics at the Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority station, Oke-Oyi, Ilorin, Nigeria for three years (2009-2011). The results showed that the QPM genotypes and the standard checks varied from one another, with respect to crude protein, zein dry matter, zein crude, lysine and tryptophan. The best QPM hybrids for grain yield (Dada-ba, ART98-SW5-OB, ART98-SW4-OB and TZPB-OB had percentage lysine and tryptophan advantage of 34% compared with the local checks. These hybrids also out-yielded other genotypes with yield advantage of 10, 24 and 26% over the best inbred, open pollinated variety and the standard check respectively. However, grain yield showed positive association with all the characteristics except crude protein content. Kernel number per cob had maximum correlation with grain yield followed by kernel rows per cob, cob diameter and cob weight The direct effect for crude protein was positive but the correlation was negative. Conclusively, the QPM hybrids that combined high yield with the essential amino acids could be tested in different savanna agro-ecologies to identify those that could be released to farmers, while the superior inbreds could be introgressed for further breeding programs. © 2013 Trop. Agric. (Trinidad).	Hybrids; Inbred lines; Lysine; Open pollinated varieties; Tryptophan	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883727445	Impacts of community pharmacists on self-medication management among rural dwellers, Kwara State Central, Nigeria	Bello S.I., Bello I.K.	2013	Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	12	1	10.3329/dujps.v12i1.16294	Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacy, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria	Bello, S.I., Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Bello, I.K., Department of Pharmacy, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria	The role of pharmacist has not only advanced from medication dispensing but also to direct patient care and pharmaceutical interventions aiming at enhancing the populace wellbeing. The objective of this research was to assess the impact of rural community pharmacist interventions on self-medications and disease prevalence among rural settings in the Kwara State Central, Nigeria. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in eight rural communities with a pre-piloted questionnaire. Data obtained from respondents were computed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 16 using descriptive analysis procedures, and relationships between variables were tested using the chi square. Respondents between the age of 40 and 50 years dominated with 42.3% and majority (88.1%) of the rural residents were illiterates. Farming was the major occupation of the respondents and survived on less than ten thousand naira Nigeria money ($63) per month. Among the combinations of drugs abused by the respondents, the regimen containing combination of prednisolone, diclofenac and paracetamol had the highest users. The least used combination was ibuprofen, diclofenac plus prednisolone. These combinations were taken twice daily by the majority participants. The most common reasons given for self-medications were osteoarthritis (31.1%), poverty (17.4%), general body pain (14.3%), inadequate of health facilities (4.6%), ignorance (4.3%) among others. The intervention offered by the pharmacists had reduced the mean systolic blood pressure significantly (P < 0.05) from 161 mmHg to 129 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure from 104 mmHg at baseline to 86 mmHg. Postintervention evaluation revealed the impact of the pharmacists, as the respondents with dyspepsia at baseline significantly (P < 0.05) reduced from 220 to 53 participants.	Drug combinations; Oke-Oyi metropolis; Pharmacist interventions; Prevalent diseases	analgesic agent; aniline; diclofenac; ibuprofen; nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent; opiate; paracetamol; piroxicam; prednisolone; tramadol; adult; agricultural worker; anemia; article; blood pressure regulation; cattle farming; community care; congestive heart failure; cross-sectional study; depression; diastolic blood pressure; drug abuse; drug induced headache; drug overdose; dyspepsia; educational status; female; fever; fluid retention; gastrointestinal disease; government regulation; headache; health care facility; health status; human; hypertension; insomnia; kidney dysfunction; lifestyle modification; liver failure; low back pain; major clinical study; malaria; male; mental disease; morning dosage; Nigeria; osteoarthritis; pain threshold; paresthesia; patient counseling; patient satisfaction; peptic ulcer; pharmacist; poverty; prevalence; quality of life; questionnaire; respiration depression; rural population; self medication; side effect; socioeconomics; systolic blood pressure; upper gastrointestinal bleeding	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954463694	The pharmacological impact of restricted or non variant diet	Bello S.O.	2010	International Journal of Drug Development and Research	2	1	None	Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria	Bello, S.O., Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria	Food is often consumed for its nutritive value but food items also contain chemicals that have pharmacological activities. The pattern of food intake may make the phytochemical constituent of food pharmacologically relevant, especially when food is restricted to one particular type or is varied within a narrow range with similar phytochemical. This review examines this concept and draws attention to the importance of food variation. © 2010 IJDDR.	None	clomifene; daidzein; genistin; glycyrrhizic acid; phytate; phytoestrogen; soybean protein; zinc; anorexia; article; diet restriction; dietary intake; food intake; health; human; infection; nutritional value; phenotype; phytochemistry; soybean; zinc deficiency	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23044452978	Risk of nosocomial bacteria transmission: Evaluation of cleaning methods of probes used for routine ultrasonography	Bello T.O., Taiwo S.S., Oparinde D.P., Hassan W.O., Amure J.O.	2005	West African Journal of Medicine	24	2	None	Department of Radiology, Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria; Department of Medical Microbiology, Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Pathology, Ladoke Akintola University Teachin	Bello, T.O., Department of Radiology, Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria; Taiwo, S.S., Department of Medical Microbiology, Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria; Oparinde, D.P., Department of Chemical Pathology, Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria; Hassan, W.O., Department of Medical Microbiology, Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria; Amure, J.O., Department of Medical Microbiology, Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria	Background: There exists a small but definite risk of nosocomial infection transmission attributable to ultrasonography probes and coupling gels. Objective: Our objective was to ascertain whether the current method of probe disinfection in between patients is adequate to prevent cross infection, and to determine the best and safest method of probe disinfection applicable during routine ultrasonography in our institution. Materials and method: Forty consecutive patients sent for routine ultrasonography at the Radiology Department of our institution in the month of January 2004 were studied. Each patient had a standardized ultrasound scan of the abdomen, after which swabs were taken from the surface of the unclean probe and after probe disinfection by single and double paper wipe cleaning method. The swabs were cultured on Blood agar to determine the characteristics of the colony forming units (CFU). Result: Forty four bacterial isolates were recovered from 37 patients who cultured positive, with MRSA constituting 36.4 %, MRCONS 22.7 %, MSSA 13.6 %, MSCONS 13.6 %, Klebsiella spp 9.1 % and Proteus mirabilis 4.6 %. The average CFU transmitted by the unclean probe was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that transmitted by the probe after single or double paper wipe. Also, the average CFU transmitted following single and double paper wipe, in the inpatients was significantly higher (P<0.05) than in the outpatients. Conclusion: Single paper wipe is adequate for outpatients, but for inpatients, especially those with high risk of cross infection, double paper wipe is preferred with probe thoroughly wiped until visibly clean.	Nosocomial infection; US probes	article; bacterial colonization; bacterial infection; bacterium isolate; cleaning; clinical article; clinical protocol; coagulase negative Staphylococcus; colony forming unit; controlled study; culture medium; disease transmission; disinfection; echography; hospital hygiene; hospital infection; human; infection risk; instrument sterilization; Klebsiella; methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Proteus mirabilis; statistical analysis; statistical significance; Abdomen; Bacterial Infections; Cross Infection; Disinfection; Equipment Contamination; Gels; Humans; Nigeria; Radiology Department, Hospital; Risk Factors; Ultrasonography	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052023718	Evaluation of the impact of the voucher and accreditation approach on improving reproductive behaviors and status in Cambodia	Bellows B., Warren C., Vonthanak S., Chhorvann C., Sokhom H., Men C., Bajracharya A., Rob U., Rathavy T.	2011	BMC Public Health	11	None	10.1186/1471-2458-11-667	Population Council, General Accident House, Ralph Bunche Road, Nairobi, Kenya; National Institute of Public Health, No.2, Kim Yl Sung Blvd, Khan Toul Kork, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Research Unit, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STDs (NCHADS), Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Center for Advanced Studies (CAS), #160, Street 156, Sangkat Teuk Laak 2, Tuol Kork, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Population Council, Viet Nam; Population Council, Bangladesh; Ministry of Health, National MCH Center (NMCHC), National MCH Institute, #31A Street 47 (Street France), Sangkat Srah Chak, Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Unit 17-04 Prime Center, 53 Quang Trung Street, Hai Ba, Trung District, Hanoi, Viet Nam; House 21, Road 118, Gulshan, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh	Bellows, B., Population Council, General Accident House, Ralph Bunche Road, Nairobi, Kenya; Warren, C., Population Council, General Accident House, Ralph Bunche Road, Nairobi, Kenya; Vonthanak, S., National Institute of Public Health, No.2, Kim Yl Sung Blvd, Khan Toul Kork, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Chhorvann, C., Research Unit, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STDs (NCHADS), Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Sokhom, H., Center for Advanced Studies (CAS), #160, Street 156, Sangkat Teuk Laak 2, Tuol Kork, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Men, C., Center for Advanced Studies (CAS), #160, Street 156, Sangkat Teuk Laak 2, Tuol Kork, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Bajracharya, A., Population Council, Viet Nam, Unit 17-04 Prime Center, 53 Quang Trung Street, Hai Ba, Trung District, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Rob, U., Population Council, Bangladesh, House 21, Road 118, Gulshan, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; Rathavy, T., Ministry of Health, National MCH Center (NMCHC), National MCH Institute, #31A Street 47 (Street France), Sangkat Srah Chak, Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia	Background: Cost of delivering reproductive health services to low income populations will always require total or partial subsidization by government and/or development partners. Broadly termed "demand-side financing" or "output-based aid", these strategies include a range of interventions that channel government or donor subsidies to the user rather than the service provider. Initial pilot assessments of reproductive health voucher programs suggest that they can increase access, reduce inequities, and enhance program efficiency and service quality. However, there is a paucity of evidence describing how these programs function in different settings for various reproductive health services. Methods/Design. Population Council, funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, intends to generate evidence around the "voucher and accreditation" approaches to improving the reproductive health of low-income women in Cambodia. The study comprises of four populations: facilities, providers, women of reproductive age using facilities, and women and men who have been pregnant and/or used family planning within the previous 12 months. The study will be carried out in a sample of 20 health facilities that are accredited to provide maternal and newborn health and family planning services to women holding vouchers from operational districts in three provinces: Kampong Thom, Kampot and Prey Veng and a matched sample of non-accredited facilities in three other provinces. Health facility assessments will be conducted at baseline and endline to track temporal changes in quality-of-care, client out-of-pocket costs, and utilization. Facility inventories, structured observations, and client exit interviews will be used to collect comparable data across facilities. Health providers will also be interviewed and observed providing care. A population survey of about 3000 respondents will also be conducted in areas where vouchers are distributed and similar non-voucher locations. Discussion. A quasi-experimental study will investigate the impact of the voucher approach on improving reproductive health behaviors, reproductive health status and reducing inequities at the population level and assess effects on access, equity and quality of care at the facility level. If the voucher scheme in Cambodia is found effective, it may help other countries adopt this approach for improving utilization and access to reproductive health and family planning services. © 2011 Bellows et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Output based approach; Vouchers	None	None
WoS	WOS:000299437500004	A proposed methodology for contextualised evaluation in higher education	Belluigi, Dina Zoe,Nygaard, Claus	2011	ASSESSMENT &amp; EVALUATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION	36	6	10.1080/02602931003650037	Copenhagen Business School, Rhodes University	"Belluigi, Dina Zoe: Rhodes University","Nygaard, Claus: Copenhagen Business School"	This paper aims to inspire stakeholders working with quality of higher education (such as members of study boards, study programme directors, curriculum developers and teachers) to critically consider their evaluation methods in relation to a focus on student learning. We argue that many of the existing methods of evaluation in higher education are underpinned by a conception of learning that is de-contextualised. As a consequence, many data collection methods do not address aspects that affect students' learning. This is problematic because the core aim of higher education is to facilitate student learning. We propose a contextualised evaluation methodology, guided by 10 key questions, which can help evaluators address concepts and questions of student learning in their evaluations.	"contextualised learning",evaluation,FEEDBACK,methodology,WORK	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84916205419	Cash flow management: Assessing its impact on the operational performance of small and medium size enterprises at the Mafikeng local municipality in South Africa prior to the global financial crisis	Belobo A.B., Pelser F.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	27	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n27p226	North-West University, South Africa	Belobo, A.B., North-West University, South Africa; Pelser, F., North-West University, South Africa	Aims: This study propped up as a result of the repeated complaints from both electronic mails and customers’ about the underperformance of Mafikeng Small and Medium-Size enterprises after the global financial crisis. The authors were on the view that, poor operational performance experienced by Mafikeng SMEs was as a result of the negative effects on the cash flow of these businesses due to volatilities in the business environment in general prior to the global crisis. Thus, the paper was mainly aimed at determining the shortcomings experienced by these SMEs with regards to cash flow management. It was also aimed at suggesting possible measures to improve cash flow management of these SMEs in this tough time. Methods: A case study was conducted on 3 beverage suppliers, 27 bottle stores, 3 largest fast consumer goods super markets and 7 automobiles enterprises in the Mafikeng local municipality. The study made use of a mixed method approach. A purposive sampling was used in selecting SMEs that participated. Views and experiences of participants of the paper were captured through in-depth interviews. Data from the empirical investigation were interpreted using open coding and a simple percentage formula. Results: Findings from the empirical research reflected that majority of Mafikeng SMEs suffer poor operational performance prior to the global financial crisis primarily as a result of poor cash flow management. However, the empirical outcome also indicted other secondary factors contributing to this poor operational performance. Conclusion: Finally, the authors proposed possible measures that could be used to improve cash flow management and to solve other factors affecting operational performance in Mafikeng bottle stores in other to achieve better business performance. © 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899644624	The validity of the Moxus Modular metabolic system during incremental exercise tests: Impacts on detection of small changes in oxygen consumption	Beltrami F.G., Froyd C., Mamen A., Noakes T.D.	2014	European Journal of Applied Physiology	114	5	10.1007/s00421-014-2825-x	Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands 7700, South Africa; Faculty of Teacher Education and Sport, Sogn Og Fjordane University College, Sogndal, Norway; University College of Health Sciences, Campus Kristiania, Oslo, Norway	Beltrami, F.G., Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands 7700, South Africa; Froyd, C., Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands 7700, South Africa, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sport, Sogn Og Fjordane University College, Sogndal, Norway; Mamen, A., University College of Health Sciences, Campus Kristiania, Oslo, Norway; Noakes, T.D., Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands 7700, South Africa	Purpose: We investigated the accuracy of the Moxus Modular Metabolic System (MOXUS) against the Douglas Bag Method (DBM) during high-intensity exercise, and whether the two methods agreed when detecting small changes in V̇ O 2 between two consecutive workloads (ΔV̇O2). Methods: Twelve trained male runners performed two maximal incremental running tests while gas exchange was analyzed simultaneously by the two systems using a serial setup for four consecutive intervals of 30 s on each test. Comparisons between methods were performed for V ̇O2, V ̇E, fractions of expired O2 (FeO2) and CO2 (FeCO2) and ΔV̇O2. Results: The MOXUS produced significant higher (mean ± SD, n = 54) readings for V̇O2 (80 ± 200 mL min-1, p = 0.005) and V̇E (2.9 ± 4.2 L min-1, p &lt; 0.0001), but not FeO2 (-0.01 ± 0.09). Log-transformed 95 % limits of agreement for readings between methods were 94-110 % for V ̇O2, 97-108 % for V ̇E and 99-101 % for FeO2. Δ V ̇O2 for two consecutive measurements was not different between systems (120 ± 110 vs. 90 ± 190 mL min-1 for MOXUS and DBM, respectively, p = 0.26), but agreement between methods was very low (r = 0.25, p = 0.12). Discussion: Although it was tested during high-intensity exercise and short sampling intervals, the MOXUS performed within the acceptable range of accuracy reported for automated analyzers. Most of the differences between equipments were due to differences in V ̇E. Detecting small changes in V ̇O 2 during an incremental test with small changes in workload, however, might be beyond the equipment's accuracy. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Criterion validity; Douglas Bag method; Gas exchange; Moxus Modular metabolic system; Oxygen uptake	adolescent; adult; comparative study; exercise; exercise test; human; lung gas exchange; male; oxygen consumption; physiology; procedures; Adolescent; Adult; Exercise; Exercise Test; Humans; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Pulmonary Gas Exchange	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879842222	Evaluations of circumcision should be circumscribed by the evidence	Benatar D.	2013	Journal of Medical Ethics	39	7	10.1136/medethics-2013-101519	Dept of Philosophy, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Benatar, D., Dept of Philosophy, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	article; child advocacy; circumcision; cultural factor; decision making; female; human; human rights; male; personal autonomy; religion; Circumcision; Child Advocacy; Circumcision, Male; Cultural Characteristics; Decision Making; Female; Human Rights; Humans; Judaism; Male; Personal Autonomy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054767304	Global phylogeography of the dusky shark Carcharhinus obscurus: Implications for fisheries management and monitoring the shark fin trade	Benavides M.T., Horn R.L., Feldheim K.A., Shivji M.S., Clarke S.C., Wintner S., Natanson L., Braccini M., Boomer J.J., Gulak S.J.B., Chapman D.D.	2011	Endangered Species Research	14	1	10.3354/esr00337	Institute for Ocean Conservation Science, School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States; Guy Harvey Research Institute, Save Our Seas Shark Center, Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, Dania Beach, FL 33004, United States; Field Museum, Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, United States; Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BPD5 CEDEX, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia; KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umhlanga Rocks 4320 and Biomedical Resource Unit, Private Bag 2, Durban 4000, South Africa; NOAA Fisheries Service, 28 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882, United States; Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; NOAA Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 3500 Delwood Beach Road, Panama City, FL 32408, United States	Benavides, M.T., Institute for Ocean Conservation Science, School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States; Horn, R.L., Guy Harvey Research Institute, Save Our Seas Shark Center, Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, Dania Beach, FL 33004, United States; Feldheim, K.A., Field Museum, Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, United States; Shivji, M.S., Guy Harvey Research Institute, Save Our Seas Shark Center, Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center, Dania Beach, FL 33004, United States; Clarke, S.C., Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BPD5 CEDEX, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia; Wintner, S., KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Umhlanga Rocks 4320 and Biomedical Resource Unit, Private Bag 2, Durban 4000, South Africa; Natanson, L., NOAA Fisheries Service, 28 Tarzwell Dr., Narragansett, RI 02882, United States; Braccini, M., Fisheries Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada; Boomer, J.J., Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Gulak, S.J.B., NOAA Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 3500 Delwood Beach Road, Panama City, FL 32408, United States; Chapman, D.D., Institute for Ocean Conservation Science, School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States	Genetic stock structure information is needed to delineate management units and monitor trade in sharks, many of which are heavily exploited and declining. The dusky shark Carcha -rhinus obscurus is a large apex predator that is sought after for its fins and is considered highly susceptible to overexploitation. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifies this species as 'Vulnerable' globally and 'Endangered' in the northwest Atlantic. We make the first assessment of global stock structure of C. obscurus by analyzing part of the mitochondrial control region (mtCR) in 255 individuals sampled from 8 geographically dispersed locations. We found 25 mtCR haplotypes and rejected a hypothesis of panmixia (analysis of molecular variance, ΦST = 0.55, p < 0.000001), detecting significant differentiation between 3 management units: US Atlantic (USATL), South Africa (SAF), and Australia (AUS). We also found preliminary evidence of population structure between the USATL and southwest Atlantic (Brazil). There were no shared haplotypes between the western Atlantic and Indo-Pacific. These analyses suggest that replenishment of the collapsed USATL management unit via immigration of females from elsewhere is unlikely. Mixed stock analysis (MSA) simulations show that reconstruction of the relative contributions of USATL, SAF, and AUS management units to the Asian fin trade is possible using these mtCR sequences. We suggest avenues for obtaining samples to conduct MSA of the shark fin trade, which could enhance management of dusky sharks and other species that are exploited for their fins. © Inter-Research 2011.	Conservation; Mitochondrial DNA; Mixed stock analysis; Phylogeography	conservation management; endangered species; environmental monitoring; fishery management; mitochondrion; phylogeography; population structure; shark fishery; Australia; Brazil; South Africa; United States; Carcharhinus obscurus; Chondrichthyes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870827872	The savannah hypotheses: Origin, reception and impact on paleoanthropology	Bender R., Tobias P.V., Bender N.	2012	History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences	34	42371	None	School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa; Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 York Road, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, 3012 Bern, Switzerland	Bender, R., School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa, Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 York Road, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa; Tobias, P.V., School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa, Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 York Road, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa; Bender, N., Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 York Road, 2193 Johannesburg, South Africa, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, 3012 Bern, Switzerland	The reconstruction of the human past is a complex task characterized by a high level of interdisciplinarity. How do scientists from different fields reach consensus on crucial aspects of paleoanthropological research? The present paper explores this question through an historical analysis of the origin, development, and reception of the savannah hypotheses (SHs). We show that this model neglected to investigate crucial biological aspects which appeared to be irrelevant in scenarios depicting early hominins evolving in arid or semi-arid open plains. For instance, the exploitation of aquatic food resources and other aspects of hominin interaction with water were largely ignored in classical paleoanthropology. These topics became central to alternative ideas on human evolution known as aquatic hypotheses. Since the aquatic model is commonly regarded as highly controversial, its rejection led to a stigmatization of the whole spectrum of topics around water use in non-human hominoids and hominins. We argue that this bias represents a serious hindrance to a comprehensive reconstruction of the human past. Progress in this field depends on clear differentiation between hypotheses proposed to contextualize early hominin evolution in specific environmental settings and research topics which demand the investigation of all relevant facets of early hominins' interaction with complex landscapes. © 2012 Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn.	Aquatic hypothesis; History of paleoanthropology; Human evolution; Interdisciplinarity; Savannah hypothesis	animal; article; biological model; climate; environment; evolution; history; hominid; human; paleontology; Animals; Biological Evolution; Climate; Environment; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Hominidae; Humans; Models, Biological; Paleontology	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930817131	The impact of willingness to engage in negative electronic word-ofmouth on brand attitude: A study of airline passengers in South Africa	Beneke J., Mill J., Naidoo K., Wickham B.	2015	Journal of Business and Retail Management Research	9	2	None	School of Management Studies, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Beneke, J., School of Management Studies, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Mill, J., School of Management Studies, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Naidoo, K., School of Management Studies, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Wickham, B., School of Management Studies, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) has provided consumers with the opportunity to offer their experiences and opinions to other consumers on a global scale. Both traditional word of mouth (WOM) and eWOM have been found to play a major role in determining consumers' behaviour and attitudes towards a brand. Negative eWOM has been found to have a greater impact on consumers than positive eWOM. This study investigated whether the willingness of a frequent flyer to engage in negative eWOM has a significant negative impact on brand attitude. Brand attitude was measured by three components, namely brand trust, brand affect and consumer purchase intent. The study further examined whether willingness to engage in negative eWOM differed between customers of full-service and low-cost carriers. The primary finding of this study revealed that willingness to engage in negative eWOM after a service failure did indeed have a negative impact on frequent flyers' attitude towards the brand. However, no difference was found between the two types of customers. It is believed that this study can assist airline companies in understanding the effect of eWOM after a service failure and, in a scholarly context, goes some way to addressing the dearth of research in this area of enquiry.	Airline; Brand attitude; Negative eWOM; Purchase intent; South africa; Travel	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34047177963	The effect of wattle tannin on intake, digestibility, nitrogen retention and growth performance of goats in South Africa	Bengaly K., Mhlongo S., Nsahlai I.V.	2007	Livestock Research for Rural Development	19	4	None	Institut d'Economie Rurale (1ER), BP 258, Bamako, Mali; School of Agricultural Science and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu- Natal, P/Bag X01 Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa	Bengaly, K., Institut d'Economie Rurale (1ER), BP 258, Bamako, Mali; Mhlongo, S., School of Agricultural Science and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu- Natal, P/Bag X01 Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; Nsahlai, I.V., School of Agricultural Science and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu- Natal, P/Bag X01 Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa	This study was conducted to determine the effect of wattle tannin extract (WTE) on protein utilisation by goats in a metabolism and a growth trial. Iso-nitrogenous diets (18% CP) with the following ingredients: filler, sunflower cake, molasses, hominy chop, vitamin-mineral mix and lucerne hay were formulated and mixed with 0,7.5,15,22.5 and 30 g WTE/kg dry matter (DM). The diets were fed to goats supplemented with 20% (w/w) native pasture hay. In the metabolism trial eighteen male (5 Nguni and 13 Boer) goats, within a live weight range of 21.5 to 37.5 kg (with a mean of 28.6, S.D. = 4.88), were blocked by weight and randomly assigned to the five treatment rations. Incremental levels of WTE in the diet resulted to small and non-significant increases (P>0.05) of total intake (g/day) of dry matter (DM) (mean 1089 ±58.6), organic matter (OM) (mean 902 ± 48.3), and nitrogen (N) (mean 32 ± 1.8) but the intake of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (mean 351 ± 17.6) significantly increased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing WTE dosage. The apparent digestibility (g/kg) of DM (mean (661 ± 17.9) did not change (P>0.05)across treatments. Microbial N supply (g/day) and its efficiency of synthesis were similar across dietary treatments. N digestibility was adversely (P<0.05) affected by the levels of WTE. In response to supplementation with WTE, faecal N (mean 8 ± 0.4 g/day) rose while urinary N excretion (mean 13 ± 1.0 g/day) was not affected, and neither was N retention (mean 10 ± 0.7 g/day). In the growth trial, South African indigenous Nguni and Boer goats (n = 26) were used. Goats were about at 8-24 months of age with live weights ranging from 11 to 28 kg (mean 17.8, S.D. = 3.80 kg). Boer goats converted feed significantly more efficiently than Nguni goats (0.21 vs. 0.17 g gain/g feed, P<0.001). These results indicate that WTE given as dietary supplement is unlikely to improve the protein status and therefore growth performance of goats to a considerable degree. Condensed tannin, goat, growth, nutrient digestibility, protein, wattle.	None	Capra hircus; Helianthus; Medicago sativa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053073181	The impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in Nigeria	Benjamin Badeji O., Olufunsho Abayomi O.	2011	International Research Journal of Finance and Economics	73	None	None	Department of Economics, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Economics, Lagos State University, Ojo - Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria	Benjamin Badeji, O., Department of Economics, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, Osun State, Nigeria; Olufunsho Abayomi, O., Department of Economics, Lagos State University, Ojo - Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria	The paper examines the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth in Nigeria. It also examines the locational choice of foreign investors and the viability of FDI to Nigeria using a two Stage-Least squares method of simultaneous equations. The result reveals that there exists a negative relationship between economic growth, proxied by real GDP; and FDI in Nigeria. Size of exports, exchange rate and political stability were found to be very relevant in the locational choice of foreign investment in Nigeria. To attract more FDI to Nigeria therefore, government should encourage more domestic investment, ensure political stability and make guided openness of the economy the watchword in this era of global liberalization to trade and FDI policies in order to make FDI growth enhancing in Nigeria. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2011.	FDI; Locational choice and viability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883802083	Evaluation of bagasse from different varieties of sugarcane by dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis	Benjamin Y., Cheng H., Görgens J.F.	2013	Industrial Crops and Products	51	None	10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.08.067	Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Benjamin, Y., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Cheng, H., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; Görgens, J.F., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa	Lignocellulosic ethanol is a promising alternative to gasoline that can be produced by fermentation of sugars present in lignocellulosic biomass. Improved properties of energy crops and reduction of lignocellulose recalcitrance to biological conversion have the potential to reduce production costs. This study evaluated bagasse from 115 varieties of sugarcane for fermentable sugar yield. The purpose was to select the preferred varieties with fiber of high processability without compromising juice ethanol and cane yield. Dilute acid pretreatment was employed to improve the sugars yield from the bagasse. The results showed wide variations in structural carbohydrates (as monosaccharide) content (66.6-77.6% dry matter (DM)) and lignin content (14.4-23.1% DM) between varieties. Combined sugar yield obtained after pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis also varied significantly (27.3-55.2. g/100. g DM). Further, it was demonstrated that some of the varieties had combined characteristics of high cane productivity and combined sugar yield after pretreatment-hydrolysis of the bagasse. These results suggest the incorporation of selection of varieties, given its contribution for developing a cost-efficient pretreatment and saccharification process. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Classical breeding; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Precision breeding; Pretreatment; Sugarcane bagasse	Biological conversion; Classical breeding; Dilute acid pretreatment; Lignocellulosic biomass; Lignocellulosic ethanols; Pre-Treatment; Precision breeding; Sugar-cane bagasse; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Ethanol; Lignin; Saccharification; Sugar cane; Sugars; Bagasse; carbohydrate; cellulose; cost-benefit analysis; dilution; enzyme activity; ethanol; hydrolysis; sugar cane; Bagasse; Breeding; Enzymolysis; Ethanol; Lignins; Pretreatment; Sugar Cane	None
WoS	WOS:000329277700001	The impact of Fogarty International Center research training programs on public health policy and program development in Kenya and Uganda	Bennett, Sara,M'Imunya, James M.,Paina, Ligia,Ssengooba, Freddie,Waswa, Douglas	2013	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	13	None	10.1186/1471-2458-13-770	Johns Hopkins University, Makerere University, University of Nairobi	"Bennett, Sara: Johns Hopkins University","M'Imunya, James M.: University of Nairobi","Paina, Ligia: Johns Hopkins University","Ssengooba, Freddie: Makerere University"	Background: The Fogarty International Center (FIC) has supported research capacity development for over twenty years. While the mission of FIC is supporting and facilitating global health research conducted by U.S. and international investigators, building partnerships between health research institutions in the U.S. and abroad, and training the next generation of scientists to address global health needs, research capacity may impact health policies and programs and therefore have positive impacts on public health. We conducted an exploratory analysis of how FIC research training investments affected public health policy and program development in Kenya and Uganda. Methods: We explored the long term impacts of all FIC supported research training programs using case studies, in Kenya and Uganda. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 53 respondents and 29 focus group discussion participants across the two countries. Qualitative methods were supplemented by structured surveys of trainees and document review, including a review of evidence cited in policy documents. Results: In the primary focal areas of FIC grants, notably HIV/AIDS, there were numerous examples of work conducted by former FIC trainees that influenced national and global policies. Facilitators for this influence included the strong technical skills and scientific reputations of the trainees, and professional networks spanning research and policy communities. Barriers included the fact that trainees typically had not received training in research communication, relatively few policy makers had received scientific training, and institutional constraints that undermined alignment of research with policy needs. Conclusions: While FIC has not focused its programs on the goal of policy and program influence, its investments have affected global and national public health policies and practice. These influences have occurred primarily through strengthening research skills of scientists and developing strong in-country networks. Further success of FIC and similar initiatives could be stimulated by investing more in the training of policy-makers, seeking to better align research with policy needs through more grants that are awarded directly to developing country institutions, and grants that better incorporate policy maker perspectives in their design and governance. Addressing structural constraints, for example supporting the development of national research agendas that inform university research, would further support such efforts.	HIV/AIDS,"policy influence","research capacity",CAPACITY,DIAGNOSIS,"HIV-1 DISCORDANT COUPLES","HIV-1-INFECTED WOMEN",MORTALITY,NEVIRAPINE,PREVENTION,"RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL","SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS","TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939131874	Managerial practices and factors influencing reproductive performance of dairy cows in urban/peri-urban areas of Kampala and Gulu, Uganda	Benon K.M., Owiny D.O., Båge R., Nassuna-Musoke M.G., Humblot P., Magnusson U.	2015	Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica	57	1	10.1186/s13028-015-0122-2	Makerere University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, Uppsala, Sweden	Benon, K.M., Makerere University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Owiny, D.O., Makerere University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Båge, R., Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, Uppsala, Sweden; Nassuna-Musoke, M.G., Makerere University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Humblot, P., Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, Uppsala, Sweden; Magnusson, U., Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, Uppsala, Sweden	Background: Urban/peri-urban dairy production and sales has evolved as an adjustment to cope with food security and economic needs for urban dwellers in low-income countries and created an opportunity to transform from subsistence rural lifestyles of dairy farming to commercial engagement in towns. However, urban/peri-urban dairy farms differ in challenges from rural dairy farms and reproduction is important and critical for assuring sustainable economic output in both environments. Here we recorded for the first time differences between two geographically and economically different cities corresponding to different settings within the same country in managerial factors influencing reproductive performance in urban/peri-urban dairy cowherds. Results: The urban/peri-urban dairy farmers in the capital Kampala were more often male (P = 0.002) and commercialized (P = 0.0025), more experienced (P = 0.0001) and practiced zero-grazing more often (P = 0.05) than in the regional municipality Gulu. Also, the milk production per herd and cow (P = 0.0005) and calving rate were (P = 0.0001) higher in Kampala and artificial insemination was more commonly (P = 0.002) used than in Gulu. There was no difference in abortion nor neonatal mortality rate between the two locations. Overall, calving rates were higher (P = 0.0003) in smaller (≤3 dairy cows) and open grazing (P = 0.003) herds. Abortion rates were higher among dairy herds practicing late (≥5 months) (P = 0.003) calf weaning and in herds with commercial purposes (P = 0.0001). Neonatal calf mortality was lower (P = 0.01) in small herds. Conclusion: The study showed significant differences between Kampala and Gulu in reproductive performance and related husbandry factors for cows in the urban/peri-urban dairy farming systems. For several reproductive performance traits we found associations with husbandry and production traits, which should be taken into account when providing advice to the urban and peri-urban dairy farmers in the tropics. © 2015 Benon et al.	Bovine; Dairy cow; Milk production; Reproductive performance; Tropics; Uganda; Urban peri-urban farming	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-51049098708	Metal contamination of surface water, sediment and Tympanotonus fuscatus var. radula of Iko River and environmental impact due to Utapete gas flare station, Nigeria	Benson N.U., Etesin U.M.	2008	Environmentalist	28	3	10.1007/s10669-007-9127-3	Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Analytical Laboratory, Aluminium Smelter Company of Nigeria, Ikot Abasi, Nigeria	Benson, N.U., Department of Chemistry, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Etesin, U.M., Analytical Laboratory, Aluminium Smelter Company of Nigeria, Ikot Abasi, Nigeria	Inter-seasonal studies on the trace metal load of surface water, sediment and Tympanotonus fuscatus var. radula of Iko River were conducted between 2003 and 2004. The impact of anthropogenic activities especially industrial effluent, petroleum related wastes, gas flare and episodic oil spills on the ecosystem are remarkable. Trace metals analyzed included cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn). Sediment particle size analysis revealed that they were characteristically psammitic and were predominantly of medium to fine grained sand (&gt;73%), less of silt (&lt;15%) and clay (&lt;10%). These results correlated with low levels of trace elements such as Pb (0.03 ± 0.02 mg kg -1), Cr (0.22 ± 0.12 mg kg -1), Cd (0.05 ± 0.03 mg kg -1), Cu (0.04 ± 0.02 mg kg -1) and Mn (0.23 ± 0.22 mg kg -1) in the sediment samples. This observation is consistent with the scarcity of clayey materials known to be good scavengers for metallic and organic contaminants. Sediments indicated enhanced concentration of Fe, Ni and V, while other metal levels were relatively low. The concentrations of all the metals except Pb in surface water were within the permissible levels, suggesting that the petroleum contaminants had minimal effect on the state of pollution by trace metals in Iko River. Notably, the pollutant concentrations in the sediments were markedly higher than the corresponding concentrations in surface water and T. fuscatus tissues, and decreased with distance from point sources of pollution. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.	Coastal environment; Nigeria; Sediment; Trace metals; Water pollution	concentration (composition); environmental impact; human activity; industrial waste; organic pollutant; petroleum; river pollution; sediment pollution; surface water; trace metal; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Tympanotonus fuscatus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952184894	Effects of strain and different skip-a-day feed restriction periods on the growth performance of broiler chickens	Benyi K., Acheampong-Boateng O., Norris D.	2011	Tropical Animal Health and Production	43	4	10.1007/s11250-010-9775-z	Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa	Benyi, K., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Acheampong-Boateng, O., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Norris, D., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa	The effects of 6, 10 and 14 days of skip-a-day feed removal during the starter and grower periods on the growth performance of Ross 308 and Hubbard broiler chickens were studied in a 49-day production period. Ross 308 was superior to Hubbard in weight gain, market weight and feed utilization but consumed more feed, deposited more abdominal fat and had a higher mortality rate. Overall, feed removal improved feed efficiency, had insignificant effects on abdominal fatness and mortality rate and reduced feed intake, weight gain and market weight. On each restricted-feeding regime, the birds gained as much weight as their fully fed counterparts during the period of resumed full feeding but were unable to compensate fully for the weight loss and were lighter at the end of the trial. It is suggested that for profitable broiler production under tropical conditions, Ross 308 and skip-a-day feed removal for less than 6 days from 7 to 17 days of age be considered. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Growth performance; Skip-a-day feeding; Strain	animal; animal food; animal husbandry; article; body weight; chicken; eating; food deprivation; genetics; growth, development and aging; male; methodology; pedigree; tropic climate; Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Eating; Food Deprivation; Male; Pedigree; Tropical Climate; Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845640890	Effects of stocking density and group size on the performance of white and brown Hyline layers in semi-arid conditions	Benyi K., Norris D., Tsatsinyane P.M.	2006	Tropical Animal Health and Production	38	42559	10.1007/s11250-006-4417-1	Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Department of Animal Production, Turfloop Campus, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa; Department of Animal Science, Mafikeng Campus, Northwest University, Mmabatho, South Africa	Benyi, K., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Norris, D., Department of Animal Production, Turfloop Campus, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa; Tsatsinyane, P.M., Department of Animal Science, Mafikeng Campus, Northwest University, Mmabatho, South Africa	The effect of housing two Hyline strains of commercial laying hens White Hyline (W-98) and Brown Hyline (Hyline Brown) at densities of 2, 3 or 4 per cage (1100, 733 or 550 cm2/hen, respectively) was investigated over 3 months. Hyline Brown layers gained more weight, laid more but lighter eggs, utilized feed more efficiently and had a lower mortality than W-98 layers. Housing birds 2 or 3 per cage resulted in greater body weight gain, higher egg production, heavier eggs, better feed conversion ratio and a lower mortality than housing them 4 per cage. There were significant interactions between strain and stocking density for egg production, egg weight, egg output and mortality. It is suggested that for egg production in semi-arid areas Hyline Brown hens could be used and housed at a density of 733 cm2/hen. © 2006 Springer Science + Business Media B.V.	Laying performance; Stocking density; Strain	animal; animal housing; animal husbandry; article; chicken; crowding; egg; egg laying; female; growth, development and aging; methodology; physiology; population density; population dynamics; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Chickens; Crowding; Eggs; Female; Housing, Animal; Oviposition; Population Density; Population Dynamics; Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941421858	Effects of genotype and sex on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens	Benyi K., Tshilate T.S., Netshipale A.J., Mahlako K.T.	2015	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	7	10.1007/s11250-015-0850-3	Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Benyi, K., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Tshilate, T.S., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Netshipale, A.J., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Mahlako, K.T., Department of Animal Science, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Six hundred and eight day-old chicks of Ross 308 and Cobb Avian 48 broiler strains were used in a 49-day experiment to examine the effects of genotype and sex on the growth performance and carcass characteristics. Body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and mortality rate were recorded. Over all, genotype had a significant effect only on feed conversion ratio, Cobb being a better efficient in converting feed than Ross. Males consumed more feed, utilized the feed more efficiently, gained more body weight, and were heavier at 49 days of age than females but had a higher mortality rate. There were significant genotype × sex interaction effects on 49-day body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and mortality rate. As regards carcass characteristics, genotype affected only liver weight with a heavier liver in Cobb than Ross. Sex significantly affected carcass, back, wing, leg, liver, gizzard, and abdominal fat weights with higher means for males than females for all the traits except abdominal fat weight where females had higher means than males. Genotype × sex interaction effects significantly influenced carcass, breast, back, wing, leg, and liver weights. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Broilers; Carcass characteristics; Genotype; Growth performance; Sex	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937760421	Effect of genotype and stocking density on broiler performance during two subtropical seasons	Benyi K., Netshipale A.J., Mahlako K.T., Gwata E.T.	2015	Tropical Animal Health and Production	47	5	10.1007/s11250-015-0816-5	School of Agriculture, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Benyi, K., School of Agriculture, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Netshipale, A.J., School of Agriculture, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Mahlako, K.T., School of Agriculture, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa; Gwata, E.T., School of Agriculture, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, South Africa	Ross 308 and Cobb Avian48 broilers were raised at stocking densities of 30, 40, and 50 kg BW/m2 during 49-day production period in winter and summer. The effect of season, genotype, and stocking density on growth performance and carcass characteristics was investigated. Ross 308 consumed more feed, gained more body weight, and was heavier than Cobb at slaughter age. Chickens raised in winter consumed more feed, gained more body weight and were heavier at slaughter age but had a higher mortality rate than those raised in summer. Broilers raised at the stocking density of 30 kg BW/m2 gained more body weight and were heavier at 49 days than those raised at 40 and 50 kg BW/m2. There was a progressive reduction in feed intake with increasing stocking density but neither season, genotype nor stocking density influenced feed conversion ratio. There was a genotype effect on the percentage gizzard weight, while stocking density influenced the percentage weights of carcass, breast, gizzard, heart and abdominal fat. There were genotype × stocking density interaction effects on feed consumption during the grower and finisher stages as well as the relative weights of breast, gizzard and heart. It is suggested that for profitable broiler production in the tropics and subtropics Ross 308 reared at stocking density of 30 kg BW/m2 preferably in winter be considered. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Broiler chickens; Carcass; Genotype; Season; Stocking density	animal; animal husbandry; body weight; chicken; feeding behavior; genetics; genotype; growth, development and aging; population density; season; tropic climate; weight gain; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Feeding Behavior; Genotype; Population Density; Seasons; Tropical Climate; Weight Gain	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79751484409	The impact of herbal remedies on adverse effects and quality of life in HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy	Bepe N., Madanhi N., Mudzviti T., Gavi S., Maponga C.C., Morse G.D.	2011	Journal of Infection in Developing Countries	5	1	None	School of Pharmacy, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, United States; Center of Excellence, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States	Bepe, N., School of Pharmacy, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Madanhi, N., School of Pharmacy, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mudzviti, T., School of Pharmacy, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Gavi, S., Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, United States; Maponga, C.C., School of Pharmacy, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe, Center of Excellence, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States; Morse, G.D., Center of Excellence, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States	Introduction: Use of herbal remedies among HIV-infected individuals in Africa increased in the past decade, mainly due to traditional beliefs and at times inconsistent access to antiretroviral drugs. In Zimbabwe, accessibility and availability of antiretroviral drugs has increased in recent years; however, the use of herbal remedies remains high. This study was conducted to determine the impact of concomitant use of herbal remedies with antiretroviral drugs on adverse events and on quality of life. Methodology: A convenient sample of HIV positive patients at Parirenyatwa group of hospitals' Family Care Clinic (Harare, Zimbabwe) was enrolled. A questionnaire was used to collect data on the adverse event experiences of the patients using herbal remedies for their HIV, as well as the types of herbal remedy used. Quality of life index was measured using an HIV/AIDS targeted quality of life (HAT-QOL) tool developed by the World Health Organization. Results: Abdominal pain (odds ratio = 2.7, p-value = 0.01) and rash (odds ratio = 2.5, p-value = 0.02) had significant associations with using herbal remedies during antiretroviral therapy. Improved quality of life index was not significantly associated with herbal remedy use during antiretroviral therapy. Conclusions: There is evidence to suggest that some traditional herbal remedies used in Zimbabwe may increase incidence of certain types of adverse events when used in combination with antiretroviral drugs. Use of herbal drugs in combination with antiretroviral therapy does not significantly improve quality of life index in comparison to antiretroviral drug use only. © 2011 Noorali et al.	Adverse drug reactions; Antiretrovirals; Herbal therapies; Quality of life	herbaceous agent; lamivudine plus nevirapine plus stavudine; stalanev; unclassified drug; abdominal pain; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; anorexia; antiviral therapy; article; constipation; diarrhea; dizziness; drowsiness; family counseling; fatigue; female; fever; headache; herbal medicine; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; incidence; insomnia; major clinical study; male; nausea and vomiting; nonhuman; peripheral neuropathy; quality of life; questionnaire; rash; world health organization; Zimbabwe; Adult; Africa; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Female; Herbal Medicine; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Questionnaires; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-75149175506	Monitoring the commitment and child-friendliness of governments: A new approach from Africa	Bequele A.	2010	Child Abuse and Neglect	34	1	10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.08.007	The African Child Policy Forum, P.O. Box 1179, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Bequele, A., The African Child Policy Forum, P.O. Box 1179, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Objective: The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is generally viewed from an ethical perspective, specifically for its influence and impact on our ethos and the place of children in society. A recent ground-breaking report prepared by The African Child Policy Forum (ACPF) shows conceptually and empirically how the CRC can be used as a tool for planning national action and for monitoring government performance and compliance. This paper reports on the methodology followed, the philosophical and legal foundations, the results of the application and the policy lessons. Method: This work is based on a methodology, the Child-Friendliness Index (CFI), developed by ACPF to analyse and monitor the performance of all 52 African governments. The index is inspired by the CRC's three core principles-Protection, Provision and Participation-and based on over forty policy and child-outcome indicators. Results: The methodology was applied to organise data, assess performance and score and rank all 52 African governments at a point in time and over time. On this basis, the study identifies which governments are child-friendly and which ones are not and why, and what it is that poorly performing governments can do to comply with their international obligations. Conclusions: Two important conclusions emerge from this exercise. The first is the beauty and power of simplicity. Much analysis of government obligations is hampered by the tedious task of having to scan voluminous information and bulky reports. But this CRC-inspired and CRC-based methodology provides a simple but powerful, transparent and objective framework for policy analysis and comparison. Secondly, the African experience confirms that three things matter on the policy front: politics that put children at the centre of public policy; Laws that protect them; and Budgets that provide for their basic needs and full development. Practical implications: ACPF's work provides an approach that governments, advocacy groups and treaty bodies can use to monitor government compliance, to identify areas for progress and to formulate effective pro-children policies. The approach is important and relevant for other regions of the world as it is for Africa. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child; Budgeting; Child rights; Child wellbeing; Child-friendliness; Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC); Governments; Poverty; Protection	Africa; article; bioethics; budget; child advocacy; child rights; child welfare; criminal justice; data analysis; government; health care planning; health care policy; human; human rights; information processing; law enforcement; medicolegal aspect; methodology; scoring system; Africa; Child; Child Abuse; Child Welfare; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Developing Countries; Government Regulation; Humans; Public Policy; Social Conditions; Social Problems; Social Values; United Nations	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878460498	Performance of 13 Bambara groundnut (vigna subterranea (L.) verde.) landraces under 12 H and 14 H photoperiod	Berchie J.N., Amelie G., McClymont S., Raizada M., Adu-Dapaah H., Sarkodie-Addo J.	2013	Journal of Agronomy	12	1	10.3923/ja.2013.20.28	CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana	Berchie, J.N., CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Amelie, G., Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; McClymont, S., Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Raizada, M., Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Adu-Dapaah, H., CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Sarkodie-Addo, J., Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana	The aim of this study was to identify bambara groundnut landraces which are less sensitive to photoperiod response. Variation in yields of bambara groundnut have been attributed among others to variation in photoperiod at different sowing dates. Thirteen bambara groundnut landraces were evaluated at 12 h: 12 h and 14 h: 10 h, light: darkness at the Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Sunshine mix LA4 was put in 78-4 litre pots per growth chamber. Four gram of 20:20:20, N:P:K was added to each pot and thoroughly mixed with the soil. Eachlandrace was replicated in six pots. Growth chamber temperatures were maintained at 30 and 25°C, day:night at relative humidity of 60%. Growth chamber Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) ranged between 250-300 (millimol) umol m2 sec-1. Days to seedling emergence were significantly lesser under 12 h than 14 h photoperiod (p = 0.02). Days to flowering were significantly higher under 14 hthan 12hphotoperiod(p&lt;0.05). Five landraces; Burkina, Mottled Cream, Zebra Coloured, Tan One and Tan Two (both from Tanzania) podded under both 12 h and 14 h photoperiod. All but two of the landraces podded under 12 h photoperiod. Leaf area, shoot dry weight and root dry weight per plant were all higher under 14 h than 12 h photoperiod. Genotypes that produced pods under 14 h photoperiod were observed to be early maturing relative to the others. Landraces were identified for cultivation in the lower and higher latitudes. Abstract of this article is presented in IHC: Lisboa2010, T09 Genetics and Breeding; T09.218. © 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Bambara groundnut; Burkina faso; Day length; Ghana; Photoperiod; Pod yield; Tanzania	Arachis hypogaea; Bambara; Equus subg. Hippotigris; Vigna; Vigna subterranea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79251638823	Yield evaluation of three early maturing bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) Landraces at the CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Fumesua-Kumasi, Ghana	Berchie J.N., Sarkodie-Addo J., Adu-Dapaah H., Agyemang A., Addy S., Asare E., Donkor J.	2010	Journal of Agronomy	9	4	10.3923/ja.2010.175.179	CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Berchie, J.N., CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Sarkodie-Addo, J., Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Adu-Dapaah, H., CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Agyemang, A., CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Addy, S., CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; Asare, E., Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Donkor, J., CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana	The aim of this study was to determine the field performance of three early maturing bambara groundnut landraces which were identified in a controlled environment study by the lead author at the University of Guelph, Guelph-Ontario, Canada between October 2008 and March, 2009. Bambara groundnut is an indigenous African grain legume which is cultivated for food especially in the dry areas with short and erratic rainfall. Three bambara groundnut landraces; Burkina, Zebra coloured and Mottled Cream were evaluated for yield at the CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Kumasi-Ghana. The trial was sown on the 1st of April, 2009. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Plants were sown at a spacing of 50 by 20 cm at two seeds per hill and thinned to one seedling per hill at 20 DAS. Zebra coloured took the least number of days to mature (89.5 days) followed by Mottled Cream (98.2 days) and Burkina (112.5 days). Zebra coloured produced the greatest pod yield per plant (23.6 g) followed by Burkina (17.7 g) and Mottled Cream (12.5 g). The base colour of the three landraces which is cream has been identified to be the preference of bambara groundnut growers and consumers. In areas with erratic rainfall and the lower latitudes where long daylength can negatively affect bambara groundnut yields, these early maturing landraces have the potential to reduce variation in bambara groundnut yields.	Bambara groundnut; Early maturing; Evaluation; Pod yield; Yield	Arachis hypogaea; Bambara; Equus subg. Hippotigris; Vigna subterranea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-69849094993	How the internet impacts On international news: Exploring paradoxes of the most global medium in a time of 'hyperlocalism'	Berger G.	2009	International Communication Gazette	71	5	10.1177/1748048509104977	School of Journalism and Media Studies, Africa Media Matrix Building, Rhodes University, Upper Prince Alfred Street, Grahamstown, South Africa	Berger, G., School of Journalism and Media Studies, Africa Media Matrix Building, Rhodes University, Upper Prince Alfred Street, Grahamstown, South Africa	Technologically, the Internet is the most global medium in the history of humanity. It shakes up traditional distinctions between local, foreign and international news. On the other hand, it would also appear that many news institutions in cyberspace still retain the character of the traditional media with regard to three features: preferencing local and national news, domesticating news about other countries and reflecting imbalanced flows between First and Third World countries. This article shows that while some First World media, both online and offline, are chanting the mantra of becoming 'hyperlocal', it is much of the rest of the world that is experiencing the Internet as an international medium, albeit from a subordinate cultural and linguistic position. However, there are prospects for a new alignment. © The Author(s), 2009.	Blogs; Foreign news; Globalization; Hyperlocal; International news; Internet; News flows; NWICO; Transnational news	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864987303	Performance of the pointcare NOW system for CD4 counting in HIV patients based on five independent evaluations	Bergeron M., Daneau G., Ding T., Sitoe N.E., Westerman L.E., Stokx J., Jani I.V., Coetzee L.M., Scott L., de Weggheleire A., Boel L., Stevens W.S., Glencross D.K., Peter T.F.	2012	PLoS ONE	7	8	10.1371/journal.pone.0041166	Public Health Agency of Canada, National Laboratory for HIV Immunology, Ottawa, Canada; Immunology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Instituto Nacional da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique; Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, School of Pathology, Johannesburg, South Africa; Clinton Health Access Initiative, Maputo, Mozambique	Bergeron, M., Public Health Agency of Canada, National Laboratory for HIV Immunology, Ottawa, Canada; Daneau, G., Immunology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Ding, T., Public Health Agency of Canada, National Laboratory for HIV Immunology, Ottawa, Canada; Sitoe, N.E., Instituto Nacional da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique; Westerman, L.E., Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Stokx, J., Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Jani, I.V., Instituto Nacional da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique; Coetzee, L.M., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, School of Pathology, Johannesburg, South Africa; Scott, L., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, School of Pathology, Johannesburg, South Africa; de Weggheleire, A., Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Boel, L., Immunology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Stevens, W.S., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, School of Pathology, Johannesburg, South Africa; Glencross, D.K., University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, School of Pathology, Johannesburg, South Africa; Peter, T.F., Clinton Health Access Initiative, Maputo, Mozambique	Introduction: Point-of-care (POC) CD4 testing can improve access to treatment by enabling decentralization and reducing patient loss-to-follow-up. As new POC CD4 technologies become available, their performance should be assessed before widespread deployment. This study reports the findings of five independent evaluations of the PointCare NOW CD4 system. Materials/Methods: Evaluations were conducted in Southern Africa (Mozambique, South Africa) and North America (Canada, USA). 492 blood samples (55 from HIV-negative blood donors and 437 from HIV-infected patients, including 20 children aged between 12 and 59 months) were tested with both the PointCare NOW and reference flow cytometry instruments. Assessment of bias, precision and levels of clinical misclassification for absolute and percent CD4 count was conducted. Results: PointCare NOW significantly overestimated CD4 absolute counts with a mean relative bias of +35.0%. Bias was greater in samples with CD4 counts below ≤350cells/μl (+51.3%) than in the CD4 >350cells/μl stratum (15.1%). Bias in CD4% had a similar trend with an overall relative mean bias of +25.6% and a larger bias for low CD4 stratum (+40.2%) than the higher CD4 stratum (+5.8%). Relative bias for CD4% in children was -6.8%. In terms of repeatability, PointCare NOW had a coefficient of variation of 11%. Using a threshold of 350cells/μl, only 47% of patients who qualified for antiretroviral therapy with reference CD4 testing, would have been eligible for treatment with PointCare NOW test results. This was 39% using a 200cells/μl threshold. Agreement with infant samples was higher, with 90% qualifying at a 25% eligibility threshold. Conclusion: The performance of the PointCare NOW instrument for absolute and percent CD4 enumeration was inadequate for HIV clinical management in adults. In children, the small sample size was not large enough to draw a conclusion. This study also highlights the importance of independent evaluation of new diagnostic technology platforms before deployment. © 2012 Passmore et al.	None	antiviral therapy; article; blood sampling; CD4 lymphocyte count; child; clinical evaluation; computer system; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic error; diagnostic test; flow cytometry; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infant; major clinical study; North Africa; point of care testing; South Africa; standard; systematic error; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Child, Preschool; Eligibility Determination; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Point-of-Care Systems; Quality Control; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891817996	Techno-economic impact of optimized lowgrade thermal coal export production through beneficiation modelling	Bergh J.P., Falcon R.M.S., Falcon L.M.	2013	Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy	113	11	None	School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Bergh, J.P., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Falcon, R.M.S., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Falcon, L.M., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersand, Johannesburg, South Africa	The advent of low-quality export coal demand has brought a new range of possibilities to the South African coal industry. Products that traditionally were only of value to the domestic or combustion industry sectors now have the potential to be exported, with only minor amounts of upgrading required through beneficiation. Comparatively high steam-coal export prices can be obtained for lowquality export coal, which enhances the economic feasibility of expanding low-quality thermal coal exports. There are, however, increasing concerns about the feasibility of lower quality thermal coal exports and the broader implications. These concerns relate to the environmental impact of low-quality thermal coal production for export and the inherent threat to the security of domestic thermal coal supply in South Africa. Against this background, this paper serves to explain the extended value chain in the production of export coal. The technical and economic advantages and disadvantages of low-grade exports versus coal production for domestic use are evaluated. The value chain estimation is calculated by the beneficiation modelling and characterization of two coals. Based on the value estimation, the lowgrade export production scenario, and finally the modelling of potential pollutant distribution, are described.© The southern african institute of mining and metallurgy, 2013.	Coal beneficiation; Dense medium processing; Dry processing; Environmental impact; Fine coal processing; Techno-economics; Thermal coal	Coal beneficiation; Dense medium; Dry processing; Fine coals; Techno-economics; Thermal coal; Beneficiation; Coal; Coal combustion; Concentration (process); Environmental impact; International trade; Mobile telecommunication systems; Coal industry	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-48349123725	Evaluation of immunoglobulin purification methods and their impact on quality and yield of antigen-specific antibodies	Bergmann-Leitner E.S., Mease R.M., Duncan E.H., Khan F., Waitumbi J., Angov E.	2008	Malaria Journal	7	None	10.1186/1475-2875-7-129	US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Division of Malaria Vaccine Development, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States; Walter Reed Project, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya	Bergmann-Leitner, E.S., US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Division of Malaria Vaccine Development, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States; Mease, R.M., US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Division of Malaria Vaccine Development, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States; Duncan, E.H., US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Division of Malaria Vaccine Development, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States; Khan, F., US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Division of Malaria Vaccine Development, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States; Waitumbi, J., Walter Reed Project, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya; Angov, E., US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Division of Malaria Vaccine Development, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States	Background. Antibodies are the main effectors against malaria blood-stage parasites. Evaluation of functional activities in immune sera from Phase 2a/b vaccine trials may provide invaluable information in the search for immune correlates of protection. However, the presence of anti-malarial-drugs, improper collection/storage conditions or concomitant immune responses against other pathogens can contribute to non-specific anti-parasite activities when the sera/plasma are tested in vitro. Purification of immunoglobulin is a standard approach for reducing such non-specific background activities, but the purification method itself can alter the quality and yield of recovered Ag-specific antibodies. Methods. To address this concern, various immunoglobulin (Ig) purification methods (protein G Sepharose, protein A/G Sepharose, polyethylene glycol and caprylic acid-ammonium sulphate precipitation) were evaluated for their impact on the quality, quantity and functional activity of purified rabbit and human Igs. The recovered Igs were analysed for yield and purity by SDS-PAGE, for quality by Ag-specific ELISAs (determining changes in titer, avidity and isotype distribution) and for functional activity by in vitro parasite growth inhibition assay (GIA). Results. This comparison demonstrated that overall polyethylene glycol purification of human serum/plasma samples and protein G Sepharose purification of rabbit sera are optimal for recovering functional Ag-specific antibodies. Conclusion. Consequently, critical consideration of the purification method is required to avoid selecting non-representative populations of recovered Ig, which could influence interpretations of vaccine efficacy, or affect the search for immune correlates of protection. © 2008 Bergmann-Leitner et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	ammonium sulfate; immunoglobulin; macrogol; octanoic acid; protein A; protein G; sepharose; animal experiment; antigen antibody complex; article; blood salvage; drug efficacy; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; growth inhibition; human; immunity; malaria; nonhuman; parasite; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; precipitation; protein purification; rabbit	None
WoS	WOS:000260124500027	Assessing the Impact of the Trauma Team Training Program in Tanzania	Bergman, Simon,Deckelbaum, Dan,Demyttenaere, Sebastian,Haas, Barbara,Lett, Ronald,Mbembati, Naboth,Munthali, Victoria,Museru, Lawrence,Razek, Tarek	2008	JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE	65	4	10.1097/TA.0b013e318184a9fe	McGill University, University of British Columbia, Muhimbili Univ	"Bergman, Simon: McGill University","Deckelbaum, Dan: McGill University","Demyttenaere, Sebastian: McGill University","Haas, Barbara: McGill University","Lett, Ronald: University of British Columbia","Razek, Tarek: McGill University",	Background. In sub-Saharan Africa, injury is responsible for more deaths and disability-adjusted life years than AIDS and malaria combined. The trauma team training (TTT) program is a low-cost course designed to teach a multidisciplinary team approach to trauma evaluation and resuscitation. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of TTT on trauma knowledge and performance of Tanzanian physicians and nurses; and to demonstrate the validity of a questionnaire assessing trauma knowledge. Methods: This is a prospective stud.), of physicians and nurses from Dar es Salaam undergoing TTT (n = 20). Subjects received a precourse test and, after the course, an alternate postcourse test. The equivalence and construct validity of these 15-item multiple-choice questionnaires was previously demonstrated. After the course, subjects were divided into four teams and underwent a multiple injuries simulation, which was scored with a trauma resuscitation simulation assessment checklist. A satisfaction questionnaire was then administered. Test data are expressed as median score (interquartile ratio) and were analyzed with the Wilcoxon's signed rank test. Results: After the TTT course, subjects improved their scores from 9 (5-12) to 13 (9-13), p = 0.0004. Team performance scores for the simulation were all &gt;80%. Seventy-rive percent of subjects were very satisfied with TTT and 90% would strongly recommend it to others and would agree to teach future courses. Conclusions: After completion of TTT, there was a significant improvement in trauma resuscitation knowledge, based on results from a validated questionnaire. Trauma team performance was excellent when assessed with a novel trauma simulation assessment tool. Participants were very supportive of the course.	EDUCATION,Tanzania,"team assessment","Trauma team training",EDUCATION,"LIFE-SUPPORT PROGRAM",MODULE,PHYSICIANS,"SENIOR MEDICAL-STUDENTS","TEACHING EFFECTIVENESS",UGANDA	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646201265	Reproductive performance and mortality rate in Menz and Horro sheep following controlled breeding in Ethiopia	Berhan A., Van Arendonk J.	2006	Small Ruminant Research	63	3	10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.03.003	Department of Animal Sciences, Alemaya University, P.O. Box 126, Alemaya, Ethiopia; Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, AH Wageningen, Netherlands	Berhan, A., Department of Animal Sciences, Alemaya University, P.O. Box 126, Alemaya, Ethiopia; Van Arendonk, J., Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, AH Wageningen, Netherlands	The reproductive and lamb mortality data (n = 4890) of Horro and Menz ewes following controlled breeding in Ethiopia were analyzed. Sheep were treated with flugestone acetate (FGA) intravaginal sponges during the wet and dry seasons to compare the reproductive performance of the two indigenous Ethiopian highland sheep breeds. There was a significant (P < 0.001) difference in the fertility rate (conception rate) (79% versus 70%), weaning rate (92% versus 78%) and lamb mortality rate (13% versus 27%) for the Menz and Horro breeds, respectively. The difference in lambing rate (lambs born/ewes mated) for the Menz and Horro ewes was also significant (P < 0.01) (81% versus 76%), respectively. There was no significant difference in fecundity between the two breeds. It is concluded that the Menz ewes have more acceptable reproductive performance than Horro ewes following controlled breeding. Additionally, Menz lambs have recorded a higher survival rate than the Horro lambs under the same environmental conditions. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Controlled breeding; Ethiopia; Mortality; Reproduction; Sheep	Ovis; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646256911	Effect of vetch (Vicia sativa) hay supplementation on performance of Begait and Abergelle goats in northern Ethiopia. I. Milk yield and composition	Berhane G., Eik L.O.	2006	Small Ruminant Research	64	3	10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.04.021	Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway	Berhane, G., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Eik, L.O., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway	The objectives of this work were to study and compare the effect of vetch hay supplementation on milk yield of indigenous Begait and Abergelle goats, managed under semi-extensive conditions in the lowlands of northern Ethiopia, and to compare milk yield and composition of the two breeds. Eleven 7-8-month-old goats from each breed were randomly assigned to each of the four levels of vetch hay supplementation at 0% BW (Treatment 1), 0.5% BW (Treatment 2), 1.0% BW (Treatment 3) and 1.5% BW (Treatment 4). Goats were grazed during daytime and milked in the evening only. Kids were allowed to suck their dams during the night up to 90 days and then weaned. Milk yield and lactation length increased gradually and almost linearly by increasing level of supplementation, while fat percentage and total solids percentage declined. Differences (P < 0.05) in average daily milk yield were found between Treatments 1 and 4 for both goat breeds in both years. Milk yield was significantly higher, but fat and SNF contents were lower for Begait than for Abergelle goats. When calculated as energy corrected milk (ECM)/kg metabolic BW, no breed differences were found. There were no significant differences for calcium and phosphorus contents in milk between the breeds. It is concluded that vetch hay supplementation increased milk yield by up to 50%, but decreased percent fat and total solids in the milk of both Begait and Abergelle goats. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Abergelle; Begait; Goats; Milk; Vetch hay	Capra hircus; Vicia; Vicia sativa; Vicia sativa subsp. nigra	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894365205	Hierarchical fuzzy logic system for manuscript evaluation	Berhan E., Abraham A.	2014	Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research	19	9	10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2014.19.9.11886	School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Research and Technology Transfer, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Machine Intelligence Research Labs (MIR Labs), Scientific Network for Innovation and Research Excellence, Washington, United States	Berhan, E., School of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Research and Technology Transfer, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abraham, A., Machine Intelligence Research Labs (MIR Labs), Scientific Network for Innovation and Research Excellence, Washington, United States	The purpose of the project paper is to develop a hierarchical fuzzy logic system that can evaluate a potential manuscript for publication. The model was designed and developed based on the manuscript evaluation processes and procedures of different journal publishing companies. It also considered the duties and responsibilities of editors and reviewers during the development of linguistic variables and values. The model was tested using primary data collected from editor-in-chiefs' and reviewers' of various journal publishing companies. The findings show that there is possibility to substitute, at least partly, a human editors and reviewers in the process of manuscript evaluation during article publishing. © IDOSI Publications, 2014.	Diffuzzification; Editor; Fuzzification; Fuzzy; Hierarchical fuzzy; Manuscript; Reviewers	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349555984	Reproductive performance of traditionally managed sheep in the south western part of Ethiopia	Berhanu B., Aynalem H.	2009	Livestock Research for Rural Development	21	9	None	Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia	Berhanu, B., Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Aynalem, H., Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia	The study was conducted to assess the reproductive performance of ewes under village management condition in south western part of Ethiopia. The study was a monitoring study which took place for three years (1995-1997). The overall least squares means for lambing interval (LI) and annual reproductive rate (ARR) were 262 ±53.4 days and 1.88 ± 0.44, respectively. The overall least squares means of age at first lambing and litter size were 404 ± 65.40 day and 1.21±1.45 lambs, respectively. Lambing interval was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by parity of the ewe, type of birth and year of lambing. The ewes at their first, and six and above parity showed longer subsequent lambing interval than ewes at 2-5 parity. Ewes that suckled singles had shorter subsequent lambing interval than ewes which suckled twins (255±3.74 vs 283±5.72 days). Year of lambing and type of birth exerted a significant effect (P<0.05) on ARR. The ewes that dropped twins had higher ARR than ewes which dropped singles (1.52 Vs 2.56 lambs/ewe/year). Litter size was significantly (p<0.05) influenced by season of lambing and parity of the ewe. There was a tendency that, litter size increased with an increase of parity up to fifth parity and dropped at the sixth and more parities. The reproductive performance of ewes under village management condition is discussed in association with reports elsewhere in the tropics.	Ethiopia; Ewes; Monitoring study; Non-genetic factors; Village management	Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-29844456882	Determination of trace levels of dinitrophenolic compounds in environmental water samples using hollow fiber supported liquid membrane extraction and high performance liquid chromatography	Berhanu T., Liu J.-F., Romero R., Megersa N., Jönsson J.Å.	2006	Journal of Chromatography A	1103	1	10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.082	Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Berhanu, T., Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden, Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Liu, J.-F., Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; Romero, R., Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; Megersa, N., Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Jönsson, J.Å., Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden	A hollow fiber supported liquid membrane extraction method for the liquid chromatographic determination of dinitrophenolic compounds at ppt levels has been developed. Different variables affecting the extraction process, such as extraction time, shaking speed, acceptor pH, acceptor buffer concentration, salt content and humic acids have been studied. Enrichment factors up to 7000 times were obtained. Validation of the method included calibration experiments and studies of the linearity of the responses in different matrices. Good linearity was obtained in the environmental matrices evaluated. Detection limits range from 6.0 to 8.0 ng/L, and the relative standard deviations do not exceed 7% in terms of repeatability. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Dinitrophenols; Environmental waters; Hollow fiber; HPLC; Phenolic herbicides; Supported liquid membrane	Extraction; High performance liquid chromatography; Liquid membranes; pH effects; Trace analysis; Dinitrophenols; Environmental waters; Hollow fibers; Phenolic herbicides; Supported liquid membranes; Nitrogen compounds; 2,4 dinitrophenol; article; calibration; extraction; high performance liquid chromatography; hollow fiber; liquid membrane; priority journal; validation process; Chemical Fractionation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dinitrophenols; Herbicides; Humic Substances; Reproducibility of Results; Water Pollutants, Chemical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880107907	Supplementation of meal concentrate on growth and subsequent reproductive performances of Woyto-Guji goats	Berhanu T., Thiengtham J., Tudsri S., Abebe G., Prasanpanich S.	2013	Kasetsart Journal - Natural Science	47	1	None	Southern Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 06, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Department of Animal Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Animal and Range Science, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Berhanu, T., Southern Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 06, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Thiengtham, J., Department of Animal Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Tudsri, S., Department of Agronomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Abebe, G., Department of Animal and Range Science, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Prasanpanich, S., Department of Animal Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand	The growth and subsequent reproductive performance of Woyto-Guji goats was evaluated under varying levels of meal concentrate supplementation in the hot to warm semiarid environments of southwestern Ethiopia. Forty five primiparous Woyto-Guji goats aged 14.3 ± 0.49 mth, with 15.0 ± 2.9 kg mean bodyweight (BW) and mean body condition score (BCS) of 2.9 ± 0.05 were allotted in a completely randomized design to three treatment groups-no concentrate (T0, control), 200 g per goat daily (T1) and 400 g per goat daily (T2). Concentrate was fed for 90 d before mating and during the last 2 mth of pregnancy. Rhodes grass hay (Chloris gayana) was fed ad libitum to all goats. Supplementation significantly increased the feed intake, BW and BCS of the goats. The final average BW observed was 15.0, 18.1 and 20.2 kg and average daily gain (ADG) values were 2.7, 33.5 and 54.7 g.d-1 for the T20, T1 and T2 treatment groups, respectively. The supplemented groups mated and kidded earlier (within 4 and 3 d, respectively, from the first mating and kidding of goats) compared to the control (mated and kidded within 12 and 10 d, respectively, from the first mating and kidding of goats). Compared to the control, the pregnancy rate and kidding rate of goats were improved by 17% (T1) and 29% (T2) and by 71% (T1) and 83% (T2), respectively. The concentrate supplement may offer benefits in promoting growth, pregnancy, kidding rates and early mating and kidding of Woyto-Guji goats before the subsequent hot dry season of southwestern Ethiopia.	Growth; Reproduction; Supplementation; Woyto-Guji goats	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053631758	Evaluation of adherence to national guideline for clinical follow up of hiv infected children using the proxy hematological, biochemical and anthropometric indicators of care	Berhan Y.	2011	Ethiopian Medical Journal	49	3	None	Department of Obs and Gynaecology, Hawassa Univeristy, P.O.Box 1560, Ethiopia	Berhan, Y., Department of Obs and Gynaecology, Hawassa Univeristy, P.O.Box 1560, Ethiopia	Background: In HIV-infected children, assessment of liver and renal functions, growth pattern, hematologic and immunologic profiles is highly recommended. However, no study has evaluated the regularity of these kinds of assessment in hospital population. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the regularity of selected haematological, biochemical and anthropometric monitoring. Methods: A Multi-Centre Retrospective Cohort Study was done to analyze 1163 HIV-infected children who had follow up in seven public hospitals in Ethiopia. The frequency of the following measures was used as a proxy indicator of the quality of assessment: weight & height measurement, absolute CD4 count, haemoglobin level and Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT). Paired sample t-test was done to evaluate the change in weight, haemoglobin and SGOT levels. Results: Initially, for all children CD4 and haemoglobin levels were assessed. At 6 and 24 months after start of ART, the proportion of children with a CD4 assessment was 68% and 37% respectively; 55% and 28%for haemoglobin; 62.7% and 6.4% for weight; and, 47% and 23% for SGOT. Mean weight for children age ten years and above, and mean height for children age two years and above was below the 5"1 percentile. Initially and at 24 months, the prevalence of all types of anemia was about 50% and 7%, respectively. There were no children with severe hepatotoxicity. Cnclusion: The proportion of children being assessed for CD4, haemoglobin, SGOT and weight measures were initially two-third and markedly declined as the cohort progressed. The prevalence of anemia after two years follow up reduced by about 8-fold, growth appears to be poor in older children while hepatotoxicity is observed to be a rare phenomenon.	ART; Haemoglobin; HIV-infected children; Liver transaminase; Weight	anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; aspartate aminotransferase; adolescent; anemia; anthropometry; article; blood; body height; body weight; CD4 lymphocyte count; child; drug effect; Ethiopia; evaluation; female; follow up; health care delivery; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infant; liver; male; newborn; practice guideline; preschool child; prevalence; retrospective study; standard; treatment outcome; Adolescent; Anemia; Anthropometry; Anti-HIV Agents; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Body Height; Body Weight; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Child; Child, Preschool; Delivery of Health Care; Ethiopia; Female; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Liver; Male; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746459406	Large scale evaluation of WHO's ultrasonographic staging system of schistosomal periportal fibrosis in Ethiopia	Berhe N., Geitung J.T., Medhin G., Gundersen S.G.	2006	Tropical Medicine and International Health	11	8	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01665.x	Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Institute for International Health, University of Oslo, Norway; Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Radiology, Haraldplass Deaconess University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Sorlandet Hospital, Agder University College, Kristiansand, Norway; Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P O Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Berhe, N., Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, Institute for International Health, University of Oslo, Norway, Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P O Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Geitung, J.T., Department of Radiology, Haraldplass Deaconess University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Medhin, G., Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Gundersen, S.G., Sorlandet Hospital, Agder University College, Kristiansand, Norway	OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the recent WHO's ultrasonographic diagnostic staging system of schistosomal periportal thickening/fibrosis and to assess intra/inter-observer variation associated with its use. METHODS: Local standard of portal branch wall thickness (PBWT) for height was established using 150 healthy subjects. Intra and inter-observer variation in image pattern identification and PBWT measurements were assessed in 94 and 35 subjects, respectively, with differing stages of periportal thickening fibrosis. WHO's diagnostic criteria were evaluated in 2451 community members (1277 males, 1174 females; mean age 18.8 years) with an overall Schistosoma mansoni prevalence estimate of 65.9%. RESULTS: There were no significant inter/intra-observer variations in image pattern identification and PBWT measurements. Based on Ethiopian PBWT-for-height standard, 128/2451 (5.2%) had insipient, 46/2451 (1.9%) had possible/probable and 112/2451 (4.6%) had definite/advanced periportal thickening/fibrosis. Comparable figures were obtained using the Senegalese PBWT-for-height standard and there was good agreement between Ethiopian and Senegalese healthy control-based diagnostic criteria in classifying the 286 subjects into stages of periportal thickening/fibrosis (κ = 0.87, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: With further improvement, the WHO's ultrasonographic diagnostic criteria can be used in health institutions and community surveys. Image pattern based assessment is simple and more reproducible than PBWT based assessment of periportal thickening/fibrosis. The latter is, however, more useful in clarifying the status of an individual with doubtful image pattern, and in monitoring post-treatment outcome of periportal thickening/fibrosis. Considering the comparability of PBWT-for-height standards, setting one international standard of PBWT-for-height is more practical than developing local standards for each endemic area. © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Ethiopia; Periportal fibrosis; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis; Ultrasound; WHO staging system	comparative study; disease control; disease prevalence; health services; schistosomiasis; World Health Organization; adolescent; adult; article; comparative study; controlled study; diagnostic imaging; echography; Ethiopia; female; human; image analysis; liver fibrosis; male; prevalence; Schistosoma mansoni; schistosomiasis; school child; validation process; world health organization; Adolescent; Adult; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Morbidity; Observer Variation; Parasite Egg Count; Prevalence; Reference Standards; Schistosomiasis mansoni; World Health Organization; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Senegal; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Schistosoma mansoni	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952403882	Dietary impact on circulating glucose profiles in the white rhinoceros	Berkeley E.V., Linklater W.L., Dierenfeld E.S.	2011	Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition	95	2	10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01047.x	Centre for Biodiversity and Restoration Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand; Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Novus International, Inc., St. Charles, MO, United States	Berkeley, E.V., Centre for Biodiversity and Restoration Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand; Linklater, W.L., Centre for Biodiversity and Restoration Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Dierenfeld, E.S., Novus International, Inc., St. Charles, MO, United States	Excess dietary glucose may be a factor in several captive wildlife diseases and reproductive abnormalities. The first step in understanding the health consequences of diets high in glucose is to characterize how dietary glucose concentrations change circulating glucose profiles. We adapted the glycemic index approach to detect differences in blood glucose concentrations in white rhinos in response to different meals. Six white rhinos were fasted overnight then randomly assigned to be fed 5kg of grass hay and one of five meals varying in digestible energy (DE) availability and source (10% DE glucose, 5% DE glucose, 10% DE pelleted horse feed, 10% DE lucerne hay, 10% DE grass hay). After eating, the blood glucose response peaked 45-90min later and remained elevated up to 180min. Area under the curve results demonstrated that the blood glucose response was not different between diets. However, at 90min, serum glucose levels in rhinos eating the 10% lucerne hay diet were significantly lower than the 5% glucose and 10% glucose diets but not the 10% pellet nor 10% grass hay diets. The changes in blood glucose responses to different diets were similar in magnitude to reported domestic horse profiles but are higher than predicted by allometric scaling. We conclude that the grass hay, lucerne hay and low glycemic index horse pellets fed in this study resulted in similar blood glucose responses in white rhinos. The validation of the methodology used in this study is a first step towards elucidating the relationship between glucose, obesity, health and reproduction in rhinos. © 2010 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.	Ceratotherium simum; Oral glucose tolerance test; Perissodactyla; Zoo nutrition	glucose; animal; animal disease; animal food; article; blood; diet; female; glucose blood level; metabolism; Perissodactyla; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diet; Female; Glucose; Perissodactyla; Ceratotherium simum; Equidae; Equus caballus; Medicago sativa; Perissodactyla	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-74149088807	Evaluation of operational control strategies applicable to solar chimney power plants	Bernardes M.A.d.S., von Backström T.W.	2010	Solar Energy	84	2	10.1016/j.solener.2009.11.009	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais - CEFET-MG, Av. Amazonas, 7675, Nova Gameleira, 30510-000 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Bernardes, M.A.d.S., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais - CEFET-MG, Av. Amazonas, 7675, Nova Gameleira, 30510-000 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; von Backström, T.W., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Numerical simulations are carried out to study the performance of two schemes of power output control applicable to solar chimney power plants. Either the volume flow or the turbine pressure drop is used as independent control variable. Values found in the literature for the optimum ratio of turbine pressure drop to pressure potential vary between 2/3 and 0.97. It is shown that the optimum ratio is not constant during the whole day and it is dependent of the heat transfer coefficients applied to the collector. This study is a contribution towards understanding solar chimney power plant performance and control and may be useful in the design of solar chimney turbines. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Power output control; Power production; Solar chimney power plant	Independent control; Numerical simulation; Operational control; Optimum ratio; Power output control; Solar chimney; Solar chimney power plant; Volume flow; Computer simulation; Heat transfer; Power plants; Pressure drop; Turbines; Solar chimneys; heat transfer; numerical model; power generation; power plant; pressure drop; solar power; turbine	None
WoS	WOS:000259794900001	Impact of cooperatives on smallholders' commercialization behavior: evidence from Ethiopia	Bernard, Tanguy,Gabre-Madhin, Eleni,Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum	2008	AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS	39	2	10.1111/j.1574-0862.2008.00324.x	International Food Policy Research Institute, African Ctr Econ & Hist Studies, Int Food Policy Res Inst	"Bernard, Tanguy: International Food Policy Research Institute","Gabre-Madhin, Eleni: International Food Policy Research Institute",	This article examines the impact of marketing cooperatives on smallholder commercialization of cereals using detailed household data in rural Ethiopia. We use the strong government role in promoting the establishment of cooperatives to justify the use of: propensity score matching to compare households that are cooperative members to similar households in comparable areas without cooperatives. The analysis reveals that although cooperatives obtain higher prices for their members, they are not associated with it significant increase in the overall share of cereal production sold commercially by their members. However, these average results hide considerable heterogeneity across households. In particular, we find that smaller farmers tend to reduce their marketed Output as a result of higher prices, whereas the opposite is true for larger farmers.	cooperatives,"MARKET PARTICIPATION","PROGRAM EVALUATION","propensity score matching",EASTERN,FARMERS,INDIA,INVESTMENTS,MARKET-EFFICIENCY,MODEL,PROPENSITY-SCORE,RISK,"SOUTHERN AFRICA"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896042349	Evaluation of the deposition, translocation and pathological response of brake dust with and without added chrysotile in comparison to crocidolite asbestos following short-term inhalation: Interim results	Bernstein D.M., Rogers R., Sepulveda R., Kunzendorf P., Bellmann B., Ernst H., Phillips J.I.	2014	Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology	276	1	10.1016/j.taap.2014.01.016	Consultant in Toxicology, 1208 Geneva, Switzerland; Rogers Imaging, Needham, MA 02494, United States; GSA Gesellschaft für Schadstoffanalytik mbH, D-40882 Ratingen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Bernstein, D.M., Consultant in Toxicology, 1208 Geneva, Switzerland; Rogers, R., Rogers Imaging, Needham, MA 02494, United States; Sepulveda, R., Rogers Imaging, Needham, MA 02494, United States; Kunzendorf, P., GSA Gesellschaft für Schadstoffanalytik mbH, D-40882 Ratingen, Germany; Bellmann, B., Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; Ernst, H., Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; Phillips, J.I., National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa, Department of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Chrysotile has been frequently used in the past in manufacturing brakes and continues to be used in brakes in many countries. This study was designed to provide an understanding of the biokinetics and potential toxicology following inhalation of brake dust following short term exposure in rats. The deposition, translocation and pathological response of brake dust derived from brake pads manufactured with chrysotile were evaluated in comparison to the amphibole, crocidolite asbestos. Rats were exposed by inhalation 6h/day for 5days to either brake dust obtained by sanding of brake-drums manufactured with chrysotile, a mixture of chrysotile and the brake dust or crocidolite asbestos. No significant pathological response was observed at any time point in either the brake dust or chrysotile/brake dust exposure groups. The long chrysotile fibers (&gt;20μm) cleared quickly with T1/2 estimated as 30 and 33days, respectively in the brake dust and the chrysotile/brake dust exposure groups. In contrast, the long crocidolite fibers had a T1/2&gt;1000days and initiated a rapid inflammatory response in the lung following exposure resulting in a 5-fold increase in fibrotic response within 91days. These results provide support that brake dust derived from chrysotile containing brake drums would not initiate a pathological response in the lung following short term inhalation. © 2014 The Authors.	Amphibole asbestos; Brake dust; Chrysotile; Inhalation toxicology; Lung/pleura; Pathology	amphibole; chrysotile; crocidolite; air monitoring; air sampling; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; atmospheric deposition; clinical examination; connective tissue; controlled study; diaphragm; dust; dust exposure; ecotoxicology; exhaust gas; histopathology; inhalation; lung parenchyma; nonhuman; rat; tissue preparation; Rattus; Amphibole asbestos; Brake dust; Chrysotile; Inhalation toxicology; Lung/pleura; Pathology; Animals; Asbestos, Crocidolite; Asbestos, Serpentine; Asbestosis; Disease Models, Animal; Dust; Half-Life; Industry; Inhalation Exposure; Lung; Male; Materials Testing; Motor Vehicles; Occupational Diseases; Physicochemical Phenomena; Protective Devices; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Respiratory Mucosa; Tissue Distribution; Toxicity Tests, Acute	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921046644	Evaluation of the fate and pathological response in the lung and pleura of brake dust alone and in combination with added chrysotile compared to crocidolite asbestos following short-term inhalation exposure	Bernstein D.M., Rogers R.A., Sepulveda R., Kunzendorf P., Bellmann B., Ernst H., Creutzenberg O., Phillips J.I.	2015	Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology	283	1	10.1016/j.taap.2014.12.012	Geneva, Switzerland; Rogers Imaging, Needham, MA, United States; GSA Gesellschaft für Schadstoffanalytik mbH, Ratingen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany; National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg South Africa and Department of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa	Bernstein, D.M., Geneva, Switzerland; Rogers, R.A., Rogers Imaging, Needham, MA, United States; Sepulveda, R., Rogers Imaging, Needham, MA, United States; Kunzendorf, P., GSA Gesellschaft für Schadstoffanalytik mbH, Ratingen, Germany; Bellmann, B., Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Ernst, H., Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Creutzenberg, O., Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany; Phillips, J.I., National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg South Africa and Department of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa	This study was designed to provide an understanding of the biokinetics and potential toxicology in the lung and pleura following inhalation of brake dust following short term exposure in rats. The deposition, translocation and pathological response of brake-dust derived from brake pads manufactured with chrysotile were evaluated in comparison to the amphibole, crocidolite asbestos. Rats were exposed by inhalation 6. h/day for 5. days to either brake-dust obtained by sanding of brake-drums manufactured with chrysotile, a mixture of chrysotile and the brake-dust or crocidolite asbestos. The chrysotile fibers were relatively biosoluble whereas the crocidolite asbestos fibers persisted through the life-time of the animal. This was reflected in the lung and the pleura where no significant pathological response was observed at any time point in the brake dust or chrysotile/brake dust exposure groups through 365. days post exposure. In contrast, crocidolite asbestos produced a rapid inflammatory response in the lung parenchyma and the pleura, inducing a significant increase in fibrotic response in both of these compartments. Crocidolite fibers were observed embedded in the diaphragm with activated mesothelial cells immediately after cessation of exposure. While no chrysotile fibers were found in the mediastinal lymph nodes, crocidolite fibers of up to 35. μm were observed. These results provide support that brake-dust derived from chrysotile containing brake drums would not initiate a pathological response in the lung or the pleural cavity following short term inhalation. © 2015 .	Brake dust; Chrysotile; Crocdiolite asbestos; Fiber inhalation toxicology; Lung; Pleura	chrysotile; crocidolite; chrysotile; crocidolite; dust; animal experiment; animal tissue; Article; controlled study; diaphragm; dust exposure; inhalation; kinetics; lung; mediastinum lymph node; mesothelium cell; nonhuman; pleura; rat; scanning electron microscopy; analysis; animal; car; drug effects; dust; fibrosis; inhalational drug administration; lung; lymph node; male; metabolism; pathology; pleura; toxicity; Wistar rat; Animalia; Rattus; Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Asbestos, Crocidolite; Asbestos, Serpentine; Automobiles; Diaphragm; Dust; Fibrosis; Lung; Lymph Nodes; Male; Pleura; Rats, Wistar	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-23444453371	Impact of cutting and collecting of firewood associated with informal settlement in the south-eastern Cape coastal zone	Berry M.G., Robertson B.L., Campbell E.E.	2005	South African Journal of Botany	71	2	None	Institute for Coastal Research, Nelson Mandela Metrpolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Berry, M.G., Institute for Coastal Research, Nelson Mandela Metrpolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Robertson, B.L., Institute for Coastal Research, Nelson Mandela Metrpolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Campbell, E.E., Institute for Coastal Research, Nelson Mandela Metrpolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of wood cutting and collecting on vegetation around informal settlements in the south-eastern Cape coastal zone. Thicket and Afromontane forest vegetation were selectively sampled at Kenton-on-Sea, Port Elizabeth, Plettenberg Bay and Knysna, using a fence-line approach, in combination with transects. The floristic data were then ordinated using Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA). Certain notable changes in vegetation structure and floristics were evident. Wood cutting and collecting increased species richness, diversity and heterogeneity in thicket vegetation and it would appear that thicket tolerates current levels of utilisation. On the other hand, both species richness, diversity and heterogeneity decreased in forest near informal settlements, suggesting that forest is not adapted to cope with such impacts. Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd.	None	forest ecosystem; human activity; vegetation structure; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250632045	Impact of harvesting practices on nematode communities and yield of sugarcane	Berry S., Spaull V.W., Cadet P.	2007	Crop Protection	26	8	10.1016/j.cropro.2006.10.022	South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, Durban, 4300, South Africa; IRD, CBGP (Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations), UMR-1062, Campus Baillarguet, 34988 Montferrier sur Lez, Montpellier Cedex, France	Berry, S., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, Durban, 4300, South Africa; Spaull, V.W., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, Durban, 4300, South Africa; Cadet, P., South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe, Durban, 4300, South Africa, IRD, CBGP (Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations), UMR-1062, Campus Baillarguet, 34988 Montferrier sur Lez, Montpellier Cedex, France	On the sandy soils in South Africa damage by plant parasitic nematodes to sugarcane occurs equally in both the plant and ratoon crops. In Australia and Burkina Faso, ratoon crops are less susceptible than plant crops. The aim of the present work was to investigate whether differences in stubble or stool size, resulting from the different harvesting practices in Australia, Burkina Faso and South Africa, affected yield loss in ratoon crops under South African conditions. The Australian hilling up method (producing a larger below-ground stool) had little effect on nematode abundance and population structure but did exhibit reduced yield loss from nematodes in ratoon crops. A large above-ground stubble (similar to that produced by the Burkina Faso harvest method), on its own, was not associated with reduced yield loss. However when a pretrashing treatment was performed just before harvest, then a significant reduction in yield loss occurred in the following crop. Harvest procedures that produced an above-ground stubble were associated with a significantly altered nematode community structure, with increased relative proportions of Helicotylenchus dihystera and decreased proportions of Xiphinema elongatum. Such nematode communities are known to be less pathogenic to sugarcane. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Harvesting practice; Hilling up; Nematodes; Stool; Stubble; Sugarcane	abundance; community structure; crop yield; harvesting; nematode; parasite; population structure; stubble; sugar cane; Africa; Australasia; Australia; Burkina Faso; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Helicotylenchus dishystera; Nematoda; Xiphinema elongatum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34948902242	Brand management and strategic performance: Some evidence from South Africa	Berthon J.-P., Opoku R.A., Pitt L.F., Nel D.	2007	Journal of African Business	8	2	10.1300/J156v08n02_03	Industrial Marketing and e-Commerce Research Group, Division of Business Administration and Management, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden; Department of Marketing, Segal School of Business, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC V6C 1W6, Canada; Department of Marketing, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Berthon, J.-P., Industrial Marketing and e-Commerce Research Group, Division of Business Administration and Management, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden; Opoku, R.A., Industrial Marketing and e-Commerce Research Group, Division of Business Administration and Management, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden; Pitt, L.F., Department of Marketing, Segal School of Business, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC V6C 1W6, Canada; Nel, D., Department of Marketing, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	This article reports on a study using a previously published checklist to assess the brand management practices of South African firms. Indications are that the perceptions of a sample of senior managers regarding how well their institutions manage their brands are reasonably positive, and that the management of brands has effects on a firm's profitability, market share and growth compared to competitors. While the checklist used seems to possess the characteristic of reliability, further development needs to be done on aspects of its underlying structure. Implications for managers and further avenues for research are identified and discussed. © 2007 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.	Brand management; South Africa; Strategic performance	competitiveness; corporate strategy; industrial practice; performance assessment; profitability; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000325555500010	Impact of supplemental immunisation activity (SIA) campaigns on health systems: findings from South Africa	Bertram, Melanie Y.,Hofman, Karen J.,Jamison, Dean T.,Jassat, Waasila,Murray, Christopher J. L.,Tollman, Stephen M.,Verguet, Stephane	2013	JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH	67	11	10.1136/jech-2012-202216	Umea University, University of Washington, University of Washington Seattle, University of Witwatersrand, Hlth Syst Trust, INDEPTH Network	"Bertram, Melanie Y.: University of Witwatersrand","Hofman, Karen J.: University of Witwatersrand","Jamison, Dean T.: University of Washington","Jamison, Dean T.: University of Washington Seattle","Murray, Christopher J. L.: University of Washington","Murray, Christopher J. L.: University of Washington Seattle","Verguet, Stephane: University of Washington","Verguet, Stephane: University of Washington Seattle",	Background Supplemental immunisation activity (SIA) campaigns provide children with an additional dose of measles vaccine and deliver other childhealth interventions including vitamin A supplements, deworming medications and oral polio vaccines. They also require the mobilisation of a large health workforce. We assess the impact of the implementation of SIA campaigns on selected routine child and maternalhealth services in South Africa (SA). Methods We use district-level monthly headcount data for 52 South African districts for the period 2001-2010, sourced from the District Health Information System, SA. The data include 12 child and maternalhealth headcount indicators including routine immunisation, and maternal and reproductivehealth indicators. We analyse the association between the implementation of the 2010 SIA campaign and the change (decrease/increase) in headcounts, using a linear regression model. Results We find a significant decrease for eight indicators. The total number of fully immunised children before age 1 decreased by 29% (95% CI 23% to 35%, p&lt;0.001) during the month of SIA implementation; contraceptive use and antenatal visits decreased by 7-17% (p0.02) and about 10% (p&lt;0.001), respectively. Conclusions SIA campaigns may negatively impact health systems during the period of implementation by disrupting regular functioning and diverting resources from other activities, including routine child and maternal health services. SIA campaigns present multidimensional costs that need to be explicitly considered in benefit-cost assessments.	"CHILD HEALTH","HEALTH POLICY","HEALTH SERVICES",IMMUNIZATION,"INTERNATIONAL HLTH",COST-EFFECTIVENESS,ELIMINATION,"EXPANDED PROGRAM",HUMAN-RESOURCES,"INSECTICIDE-TREATED BEDNETS","MASS CAMPAIGNS","MEASLES ERADICATION",SERVICES,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",VACCINA	None	None
WoS	WOS:000338029800003	Systematic Monitoring of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Scale-Up: Adoption of Efficiency Elements in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe	Aduda, Dickens Omondi,Bertrand, Jane T.,Castor, Delivette,Farrell, Margaret,Frade, Sasha,Loolpapit, Mores,Machaku, Michael D.,Mavhu, Webster,Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel,Oyango, Mathews,Perry, Linnea,Rech, Dino,Spyrelis, Alexandra	2014	PLOS ONE	9	5	10.1371/journal.pone.0082518	Tulane University, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Ctr HIV AIDS Prevent Studies, Dept Community Med UZ, FHI 360, Jhpiego, US Agcy Int Dev	"Bertrand, Jane T.: Tulane University","Castor, Delivette: United States Agency for International Development (USAID)","Farrell, Margaret: Tulane University","Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel: United States Agency for International Development (USAID)","Perry, Linnea: Tulane University",	Background: SYMMACS, the Systematic Monitoring of the Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Scale-up, tracked the implementation and adoption of six elements of surgical efficiency-use of multiple surgical beds, pre-bundled kits, task shifting, task sharing, forceps-guided surgical method, and electrocautery-as standards of surgical efficiency in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. Methods and Findings: This multi-country study used two-staged sampling. The first stage sampled VMMC sites: 73 in 2011, 122 in 2012. The second stage involved sampling providers (358 in 2011, 591 in 2012) and VMMC procedures for observation (594 in 2011, 1034 in 2012). The number of VMMC sites increased significantly between 2011 and 2012; marked seasonal variation occurred in peak periods for VMMC. Countries adopted between three and five of the six elements; forceps-guided surgery was the only element adopted by all countries. Kenya and Tanzania routinely practiced task-shifting. South Africa and Zimbabwe used pre-bundled kits with disposable instruments and electrocautery. South Africa, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe routinely employed multiple surgical bays. Conclusions: SYMMACS is the first study to provide data on the implementation of VMMC programs and adoption of elements of surgical efficiency. Findings have contributed to policy change on task-shifting in Zimbabwe, a review of the monitoring system for adverse events in South Africa, an increased use of commercially bundled VMMC kits in Tanzania, and policy dialogue on improving VMMC service delivery in Kenya. This article serves as an overview for five other articles following this supplement.	,"HIV PREVENTION",MEN,TRIAL,UGANDA	None	None
WoS	WOS:000338029800001	Quality of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Services during Scale-Up: A Comparative Process Evaluation in Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe	Aduda, Dickens S. Omondi,Bertrand, Jane,Castor, Delivette,Cherutich, Peter,Fimbo, Bennett,Harvey, Steven A.,Hatzold, Karin,Jennings, Larissa,Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel,Perry, Linnea,Rech, Dino,Samkange, Christopher A.	2014	PLoS ONE	10	6	10.1371/journal.pone.0079525	Johns Hopkins University, Tulane University, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), University of Zimbabwe, Ctr HIV & AIDS Prevent Studies, Impact Res & Dev Org, Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Natl AIDS & Sexually Transmitted Infect Control P, US Agcy Int Dev	"Bertrand, Jane: Tulane University","Castor, Delivette: United States Agency for International Development (USAID)","Harvey, Steven A.: Johns Hopkins University","Jennings, Larissa: Johns Hopkins University","Njeuhmeli, Emmanuel: United States Agency for International Development (USAID)","Perry, Linnea: Tulane University","Samkange, Christopher A.: University of Zimbabwe",	Background: The rapid expansion of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) has raised concerns whether health systems can deliver and sustain VMMC according to minimum quality criteria. Methods and Findings: A comparative process evaluation was used to examine data from SYMMACS, the Systematic Monitoring of the Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Scale-Up, among health facilities providing VMMC across two years of program scale-up. Site-level assessments examined the availability of guidelines, supplies and equipment, infection control, and continuity of care services. Direct observation of VMMC surgeries were used to assess care quality. Two sample tests of proportions and t-tests were used to examine differences in the percent of facilities meeting requisite preparedness standards and the mean number of directly-observed surgical tasks performed correctly. Results showed that safe, high quality VMMC can be implemented and sustained at-scale, although substantial variability was observed over time. In some settings, facility preparedness and VMMC service quality improved as the number of VMMC facilities increased. Yet, lapses in high performance and expansion of considerably deficient services were also observed. Surgical tasks had the highest quality scores, with lower performance levels in infection control, pre-operative examinations, and post-operative patient monitoring and counseling. The range of scale-up models used across countries additionally underscored the complexity of delivering high quality VMMC. Conclusions: Greater efforts are needed to integrate VMMC scale-up and quality improvement processes in sub-Saharan African settings. Monitoring of service quality, not just adverse events reporting, will be essential in realizing the full health impact of VMMC for HIV prevention.	,"HIV PREVENTION",MEN,SAFETY,TRIAL	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902476419	The effect of aggregating multivariate performance parameters in a quality award process	Beshah B.	2014	International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management	31	6	10.1108/IJQRM-07-2012-0104	Mechanical Engineering Department, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Beshah, B., Mechanical Engineering Department, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Purpose: Quality awards, commonly, have basic criteria and sub-criteria to evaluate applicants based on the quality management principles and philosophies. The purpose of this paper is to examine the method of selecting award winners and its consequences. Design/methodology/approach: Award winners' and non-award winners' performances of the Ethiopian Quality Award are the study groups. The criteria and sub-criteria evaluation results of the award were collected and analysed by the Mahalanobis-Taguchi System. Findings: The research assumed that award winners' performances are exceptionally outstanding. However, the result does not justify the assumption. Hence, the drawback of aggregating multivariate performance measures in a quality award is proven. Mahalanobis distance is proposed as alternative approach to evaluate and select organizations. Practical implications: The outcome of this research will help award givers, evaluators and participants to understand the real difficulty to select very few organizations among applicants. Furthermore, it helps to consider the possible error when aggregating individual performance. Originality/value: Aggregating performances is a common practice in quality awards evaluation process but this paper proved its drawback. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Ethiopia; MD; MTS; Performance aggregating	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-17644375483	Evaluation of selected South African medicinal plants for inhibitory properties against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase and integrase	Bessong P.O., Obi C.L., Andréola M.-L., Rojas L.B., Pouységu L., Igumbor E., Meyer J.J.M., Quideau S., Litvak S.	2005	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	99	1	10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.056	Department of Microbiology, Univ. of Venda for Sci. and Technol., PMB X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Center for Global Health, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 801379, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1379, United States; REGER, UMR-5097 CNRS, Univ. Victor Segalen, Bordeaux 2, 146 Rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Lab. de Chim. des Substances Veg., Ctr. de Rech. en Chim. Moléc., Université de Bordeaux 1, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France; Inst. Europ. de Chimie et Biologie, 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac, France; Department of Botany, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Instituto de Investigaciones, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela	Bessong, P.O., Department of Microbiology, Univ. of Venda for Sci. and Technol., PMB X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa, Center for Global Health, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 801379, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1379, United States; Obi, C.L., Department of Microbiology, Univ. of Venda for Sci. and Technol., PMB X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Andréola, M.-L., REGER, UMR-5097 CNRS, Univ. Victor Segalen, Bordeaux 2, 146 Rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France; Rojas, L.B., Lab. de Chim. des Substances Veg., Ctr. de Rech. en Chim. Moléc., Université de Bordeaux 1, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France, Inst. Europ. de Chimie et Biologie, 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac, France, Instituto de Investigaciones, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Los Andes, Venezuela; Pouységu, L., Lab. de Chim. des Substances Veg., Ctr. de Rech. en Chim. Moléc., Université de Bordeaux 1, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France, Inst. Europ. de Chimie et Biologie, 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac, France; Igumbor, E., Department of Microbiology, Univ. of Venda for Sci. and Technol., PMB X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa; Meyer, J.J.M., Department of Botany, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Quideau, S., Lab. de Chim. des Substances Veg., Ctr. de Rech. en Chim. Moléc., Université de Bordeaux 1, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France, Inst. Europ. de Chimie et Biologie, 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac, France; Litvak, S., REGER, UMR-5097 CNRS, Univ. Victor Segalen, Bordeaux 2, 146 Rue Léo-Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France	Seventeen aqueous and methanol extracts from nine South African medicinal plants, ethnobotanically selected, were screened for inhibitory properties against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Isolated compounds were additionally evaluated on HIV-1 integrase (IN). The strongest inhibition against the RNA-dependent-DNA polymerase (RDDP) activity of RT was observed with the methanol extract of the stem-bark of Peltophorum africanum Sond. (Fabaceae) (IC50 3.5 μg/ml), while the methanol extract of the roots of Combretum molle R.Br. ex G. Don (Combretaceae) was the most inhibitory on the ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity (IC50 9.7 μg/ml). The known compounds bergenin and catechin, and a red coloured gallotannin composed of meta-depside chains of gallic and protocatechuic acids esterified to a 1-O-isobutyroly-β-d-glucopyranose core, were isolated from the methanol extract of the roots and stem-bark of Peltophorum africanum. The gallotannin inhibited the RDDP and RNase H functions of RT with IC50 values of 6.0 and 5.0 μM, respectively, and abolished the 3′-end processing activity of IN at 100 μM. Catechin showed no effect on RT but had a moderate activity on HIV-1 IN. Bergenin was inactive on both enzymes. The aqueous and methanol extracts were non-toxic in a HeLaP4 cell line at a concentration of 400 μg/ml. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Gallotannins; HIV-1; Integrase; Plant phenols; Reverse transcriptase; South African medicinal plants	bergenin; bridelia micranthra extract; catechin; combretum molle extract; elaodendron transvaalensis extract; Euphorbia extract; gallic acid; integrase; methanol; mucuna coriacea extract; peltophorum africanum extract; plant extract; protocatechuic acid; ribonuclease H; Ricinus communis extract; RNA directed DNA polymerase; sutherlandia frutescens extract; tannin; unclassified drug; vernonia stipulacea extract; virus enzyme; ziziphus mucronata extract; antiviral activity; article; Asteraceae; Celastraceae; Combretaceae; Combretum; controlled study; drug isolation; drug screening; enzyme activity; esterification; Euphorbia; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; IC 50; jujube; legume; medicinal plant; Rhamnaceae; Ricinus communis; South Africa; velvet bean; Vernonia; Anti-HIV Agents; Cell Survival; Combretum; DNA, Viral; Ethanol; HIV Integrase; HIV Integrase Inhibitors; HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase; Humans; Medicine, African Traditional; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Solvents; South Africa; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Water; Combretaceae; Combretum; Combretum molle; Fabaceae; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Peltophorum; Peltophorum africanum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951842460	The anthropometric vault item performance determinants of young female gymnasts [Die antropometriese sprongitem-prestasiedeterminante Van Jong dogtergimnaste]	Bester A., Coetzee B.	2009	South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation	31	1	None	Skool Vir Biokinetika, Rekreasie en Sportwetenskap, Noordwes-Universiteit, Bussie 494, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Bester, A., Skool Vir Biokinetika, Rekreasie en Sportwetenskap, Noordwes-Universiteit, Bussie 494, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Coetzee, B., Skool Vir Biokinetika, Rekreasie en Sportwetenskap, Noordwes-Universiteit, Bussie 494, Potchefstroom, South Africa	The purposes of this study were firstly to determine the anthropometric variables that differ significantly (p ≤ 0.05) between successful and less successful young, South-African (SA), female gymnasts in the vault item and secondly, to determine the anthropometric variables that contribute to the performance of young SA female gymnasts in the vault item. Twelve young, female gymnasts (13.39 ± 2.14 years) from a gymnastics club in the North-West Province of South Africa participated in this study. Only gymnasts who participated at level 6-9 and junior as well as at the senior Olympic level were selected to participate in this study. Sixty-one anthropometric variables were measured on the dominant side of the body according to the methods of Norton et al. (1996). Independent t-tests and effect sizes revealed that the gymnasts who obtained the highest points (top 5) during the execution of the vault item during the South African Gymnastics Championships had statistical and practical significantly larger relaxed and flexed upper arm, wrist and ankle circumferences as well as higher mesomorphy values than the less successful gymnasts. The cluster analysis-reduced variables were used to perform a forward, stepwise multiple regression analysis, which showed that flexed upper arm circumference (53.93%), midstillion dactillion length (12.38%), foot length (11.50%), fat percentage (8.93%), trochanterion-tibial lateral length (5.77%), chest circumference (3.69%), ectomorphy (1.96%), bideltoied breadth (1.54%), triceps skinfold (0.23%) and iliospinal box height (0.07%) contributed 100% to the variance in gymnasts' vault performances. Therefore the conclusion that can be drawn is that larger upper arm and upper body circumferences; hand, foot, upper leg and total leg lengths; triceps skinfold and fat percentage as well as a higher ectomorphy value are important anthropometric vaulting performance determinants for young, South African, female gymnasts and should be included in the sport-scientific testing protocols of gymnasts.	Anthropometry; Female; Girls; Gymnastics; Performance; Vault	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78349277262	Investigation of potential water quality and quantity impacts associated with mining of the shallow Waterberg coal reserves, west of the Daarby Fault, Limpopo Province, South Africa	Bester M., Vermeulen P.D.	2010	Water SA	36	5	None	Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Bester, M., Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Vermeulen, P.D., Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	From South African and international experience, it is known that coal mining has a pronounced impact on surface and groundwater quality and quantity. The influx of water may be as low as 1% of rainfall for underground mines to as much as 20% for opencast mines. Such differences may influence the quantity and quality of surface water and groundwater resources at the local scale and further afield. The Waterberg coal reserves represent the only area with proven coal reserves which are still available for development in South Africa. These reserves are targeted for large-scale mining in the near future, and are situated in a relatively dry part of South Africa. In view of the low rainfall and limited surface water resources, the necessary level of safeguard measures to ensure the quantity and quality of existing water resources is unclear. Experience from other areas cannot necessarily be extrapolated directly. A scoping level study was performed to consolidate the existing information on the geohydrology and pre-mining water quantity and quality of water resources associated with the Waterberg coal reserves. New data regarding water quality and acid-base potential for the different geological areas (through field investigations) and geology and mining methods were obtained. Findings showed a significant likely impact on groundwater resources, with a potential for generation of acid mine drainage, although low transmissivities will in all probability prevent decant after back-filling is complete.	Acid-base accounting; Geohydrological modeling; Recharge; Water quality; Water quantity; Waterberg coalfield	Acid-base accounting; Coal fields; Geohydrological modeling; Recharge; Water quantity; Acids; Coal; Coal industry; Groundwater; Groundwater resources; Hydrogeology; Mining; Rain; Runoff; Surface water resources; Water pollution; Water quality; Coal deposits; acid mine drainage; backfill; coal mining; fieldwork; quantitative analysis; rainfall; recharge; water quality; water resource; Limpopo; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904688255	Media evaluation of bioethanol production from cassava starch hydrolysate using saccharomyces cerevisiae	Betiku E., Alade O.S.	2014	Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects	36	18	10.1080/15567036.2011.557690	Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State C234, Nigeria; Biotechnology Department, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Betiku, E., Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State C234, Nigeria; Alade, O.S., Biotechnology Department, Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria	Nine different media containing three different nitrogen sources, concentration of carbon source (cassava starch hydrolysate), and the pH were run in shake flasks to produce bioethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Analysis of variance of the results from the shake flask showed that there was no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) in the maximum concentration of ethanol (Pt) produced from the media. From the bioreactor studies, similar kinetic parameters, including Pt of 48.16 g/L with theoretical yield (Yetoh) of 92% and Pt of 47.13 g/L with Yetoh of 92%, were recorded from 100 g/L carbon source in the complex and minimal media, respectively. ©Taylor &amp; Francis.	bioethanol; fermentation; hydrolysate; nitrogen sources; Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Bioethanol; Bottles; Carbon; Ethanol; Fermentation; Nitrogen; Plants (botany); Starch; Bio-ethanol production; Carbon source; Cassava starch; hydrolysate; Maximum concentrations; Minimal medias; Nitrogen sources; Theoretical yield; Yeast	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349151120	Using participatory epidemiological techniques to estimate the relative incidence and impact on livelihoods of livestock diseases amongst nomadic pastoralists in Turkana South District, Kenya	Bett B., Jost C., Allport R., Mariner J.	2009	Preventive Veterinary Medicine	90	04-Mar	10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.05.001	International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Rd, Kabete, Nairobi, Kenya; Vétérinaires Sans Frontières Belgium, P.O. Box 13986-00800, Nairobi, Kenya	Bett, B., International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Rd, Kabete, Nairobi, Kenya; Jost, C., International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Rd, Kabete, Nairobi, Kenya; Allport, R., Vétérinaires Sans Frontières Belgium, P.O. Box 13986-00800, Nairobi, Kenya; Mariner, J., International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Rd, Kabete, Nairobi, Kenya	A participatory epidemiological (PE) study was carried out with Turkana pastoralists in Turkana South District, Kenya, to determine the relative incidence of livestock diseasess and their impact on livelihoods. A sub-location was used as the sampling unit. A sub-location is the smallest administrative unit and is occupied by clusters of families (called adakars) that share common grazing patterns. A total of 32 sub-locations were randomly selected for the study. At least one focus group discussion involving more than 10 people was held with each adakar. In addition, key informant interviews involving local leaders and animal health service providers were conducted before or after the group sessions. PE techniques that were used with the stock owners include participatory mapping, relative incidence scoring, proportional piling, disease impact matrix scoring, seasonal calendars and probing. The methods used were pre-tested in four sub-locations that were excluded from further study. The study revealed that goats, with median score of 33 (10th and 90th percentiles of 25, 44, respectively) and sheep, median score of 20.5 (15, 26) were perceived to be the most abundant livestock species while goats (median score of 32 [21, 56]) and camels (median score of 22.5 [11, 33]) contributed the most to the livelihoods of the pastoralists. For goats, the overall relative incidence scores of peste des petits ruminants (PPR), contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) and mange were 23.5% (15, 34), 25% (21, 45) and 20% (19, 28), respectively. The respective median scores for case fatality rates were 66% (45, 76.5), 62.5% (25, 100) and 73.2% (21.4, 85.7). Disease impact matrix scores indicated that mange was the most important disease of goats. Mange (range: 28-32%) and pox (range: 16-38%) were perceived to be the most prevalent diseases in camels. Livestock movements, limited access to veterinary services and stock theft were identified as key factors that contributed to the high prevalence and persistence of these diseases. This paper discusses strategies that could be used to control these diseases given the challenges associated with nomadic pastoralism and insecurity. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Diseases; Goats; Kenya; Participatory epidemiology (PE); Turkana pastoralists	animal; animal husbandry; article; camel; economics; goat; goat disease; human; incidence; Kenya; sheep; sheep disease; socioeconomics; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Camels; Goat Diseases; Goats; Humans; Incidence; Kenya; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Socioeconomic Factors; Animalia; Camelidae; Capra; Capra hircus; Mycoplasma; Ovis aries; Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875786184	Performance of rest myocardial perfusion imaging in the management of acute chest pain in the emergency room in developing nations (PREMIER trial)	Better N., Karthikeyan G., Vitola J., Fatima A., Peix A., Novak M.D., Soares Jr. J., Bien V.D., Briones P.O., Vangu M., Soni N., Nguyen A., Dondi M.	2012	Journal of Nuclear Cardiology	19	6	10.1007/s12350-012-9622-x	Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Quanta Diagnostico and Terapia, Curitiba, Brazil; Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Lahore, Pakistan; Institute of Cardiology, La Habana, Cuba; University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Tran Hung Dao General Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria	Better, N., Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Cardiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Karthikeyan, G., All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Vitola, J., Quanta Diagnostico and Terapia, Curitiba, Brazil; Fatima, A., Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Lahore, Pakistan; Peix, A., Institute of Cardiology, La Habana, Cuba; Novak, M.D., University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Soares Jr., J., Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil; Bien, V.D., Tran Hung Dao General Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Briones, P.O., Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Vangu, M., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Soni, N., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Nguyen, A., Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Dondi, M., Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna, Austria	Background: Rest myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is effective in managing patients with acute chest pain in developed countries. We aimed to define the role and feasibility of rest MPI in low-to-middle income countries. Methods and Results: Low-to-intermediate risk patients (n = 356) presenting with chest pain to ten centers in eight developing countries were injected with a Tc-99m-based tracer, and standard imaging was performed. The primary outcome was a composite of death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), recurrent angina, and coronary revascularization at 30 days. Sixty-nine patients had a positive MPI (19.4%), and 52 patients (14.6%) had a primary outcome event. An abnormal rest-MPI result was the only variable which independently predicted the primary outcome [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 8.19, 95% confidence interval 4.10-16.40, P =.0001]. The association of MPI result and the primary outcome was stronger (adjusted OR 17.35) when only the patients injected during pain were considered. Rest-MPI had a negative predictive value of 92.7% for the primary outcome, improving to 99.3% for the hard event composite of death or MI. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that rest-MPI is a reliable test for ruling out MI when applied to patients in developing countries. © 2012 American Society of Nuclear Cardiology.	acute coronary syndromes; diagnostic and prognostic application; gated SPECT; Myocardial perfusion imaging: SPECT; technetium-99m	technetium 99m; diagnostic agent; methoxy isobutyl isonitrile technetium tc 99m; radiopharmaceutical agent; acute disease; adult; angina pectoris; article; cardiac imaging; cardiovascular mortality; developing country; diagnostic value; differential diagnosis; emergency ward; female; heart infarction; heart muscle revascularization; human; major clinical study; male; multicenter study; myocardial perfusion imaging; outcome assessment; patient coding; predictive value; priority journal; recurrent disease; rest myocardial perfusion imaging; risk assessment; sensitivity and specificity; thorax pain; acute coronary syndrome; developing country; emergency health service; feasibility study; follow up; health; middle aged; pain; rest; scintiscanning; single photon emission computer tomography; thorax pain; Acute Coronary Syndrome; Acute Pain; Chest Pain; Developing Countries; Diagnosis, Differential; Emergency Service, Hospital; Feasibility Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging; Predictive Value of Tests; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rest; Sensitivity and Specificity; Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; World Health	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919928066	Experimental evaluation of anaerobic digestion for coffee wastewater treatment and its biomethane recovery potential	Beyene A., Yemane D., Addis T., Assayie A.A., Triest L.	2014	International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology	11	7	10.1007/s13762-013-0339-4	Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Po.Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium	Beyene, A., Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Po.Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Yemane, D., Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Po.Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Addis, T., Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Po.Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Assayie, A.A., Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Po.Box: 378, Jimma, Ethiopia, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium; Triest, L., Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium	The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion (AD) as an eco-friendly technology for coffee wastewater (CWW) management. First, we have characterized the CWW and found that it is suitable for microbial degradation with pH adjustment. Then, we designed a simple anaerobic batch reactor (ABR) and evaluated its potential for energy yield and efficiency to remove pollutants. The experiment was carried out by operating the anaerobic digestion (AD) for 70 days. The ABR was found to be efficient for the removal of organic load (90 %), nutrients (82 %) and suspended solids (95 %) from coffee processing waste. The increased removal efficiency of pollutants was dependent on the hydraulic retention time of the system. We also estimated that the coffee waste has a potential to produce a theoretical energy yield of 4–10 million KJ/day and an organic fertilizer (digestate) of 18.8–25.2 kg VSS/day. As a result, the AD would be a more sensible consideration as an eco-friendly treatment option for the coffee waste. The use of AD for CWW treatment not only reduces emission of greenhouse gases to the environment but also circumvents the rising demand for fuel wood and charcoal that causes a severe deforestation in the coffee growing regions of the world. © 2013, Islamic Azad University (IAU).	Anaerobic digestion; Biogas potential; Coffee wastewater; Organic fertilizer	biofuel; biogas; biotechnology; coffee; deforestation; emission control; experimental study; greenhouse gas; methane; pollutant removal; sewage treatment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349190849	Urban impact on ecological integrity of nearby rivers in developing countries: The Borkena River in highland Ethiopia	Beyene A., Legesse W., Triest L., Kloos H.	2009	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	153	42373	10.1007/s10661-008-0371-x	Plant Science and Nature Management (APNA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium; Environmental Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States	Beyene, A., Plant Science and Nature Management (APNA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium, Environmental Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Legesse, W., Environmental Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Triest, L., Plant Science and Nature Management (APNA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium; Kloos, H., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States	Accelerated pollution and eutrophication of rivers and streams because of human activity are a concern throughout the world and severe in Africa where Ethiopia is case in point. The objective of this study was to assess the urban impact on the ecological integrity of the Borkena River at the eastern escarpment of the central Ethiopian highlands. The water quality status and macroinvertebrate distribution and diversity of the river were assessed during the dry and wet seasons. Diversity indices revealed that a severe decline in the ecological integrity of the Borkena River downstream of Dessie and within Kombolcha towns in terms of macroinvertebrate abundance and composition. Clustering and ordination analysis clearly separated reference sites from urban impacted sites. At the urban-impacted sites, dissolved oxygen was also depleted to 0.5 mg/l and BOD5 values were reached to a level of above 1,000 mg/l, with extremely low biological diversity of pollution-sensitive taxa. These patterns are the result of a combination of rampant dumping of untreated wastes exacerbated by geologic, topographic, climatic and land use factors. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.	Borkena river; Ecological integrity; Ethiopia; Faunal diversity; Macroinvertebrate; Pollution	Borkena river; Ecological integrity; Ethiopia; Faunal diversity; Macroinvertebrate; Developing countries; Dissolution; Dissolved oxygen; Eutrophication; Land use; Natural resources; Pollution; Quality assurance; Rivers; Water quality; River pollution; dissolved oxygen; cluster analysis; developing world; dissolved oxygen; environmental impact; Index of Biotic Integrity; macroinvertebrate; river water; species diversity; water quality; article; biochemical oxygen demand; biodiversity; climate; cluster analysis; controlled study; dumping; environmental impact; Ethiopia; eutrophication; geology; human activities; land use; macroinvertebrate; population abundance; river ecosystem; season; taxon; topography; urban area; water pollution; water quality; Ecology; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollution; Ethiopia; Geography; Rivers; Africa; Borkena River; Dese; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867574878	The impact of traditional coffee processing on river water quality in Ethiopia and the urgency of adopting sound environmental practices	Beyene A., Kassahun Y., Addis T., Assefa F., Amsalu A., Legesse W., Kloos H., Triest L.	2012	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	184	11	10.1007/s10661-011-2479-7	School of Environmental Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Jimma Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 192, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box, 150223 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; University of California, 185 Berry Street, Box 0560, San Francisco, CA 94143-0560, United States	Beyene, A., School of Environmental Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Kassahun, Y., Jimma Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 192, Jimma, Ethiopia; Addis, T., School of Environmental Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Assefa, F., Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Amsalu, A., Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box, 150223 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Legesse, W., School of Environmental Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia; Kloos, H., University of California, 185 Berry Street, Box 0560, San Francisco, CA 94143-0560, United States; Triest, L., Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium	Although waste from coffee processing is a valuable resource to make biogas, compost, and nutrient-rich animal food, it is usually dumped into nearby water courses. We carried out water quality assessment at 44 sampling sites along 18 rivers that receive untreated waste from 23 coffee pulping and processing plants in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. Twenty upstream sampling sites free from coffee waste impact served as control, and 24 downstream sampling sites affected by coffee waste were selected for comparison. Physicochemical and biological results revealed a significant river water quality deterioration as a result of disposing untreated coffee waste into running water courses. During coffee-processing (wet) season, the highest organic load (1,900 mg/l), measured as biochemical oxygen demand, depleted dissolved oxygen (DO) to a level less than 0.01 mg/l, and thus curtailed nitrification. During off season, oxygen started to recuperate and augmented nitrification. The shift from significantly elevated organic load and reduced DO in the wet season to increased nitrate in the off season was found to be the determining factor for the difference in macroinvertebrate community structure as verified by ordination analysis. Macroinvertebrate diversity was significantly reduced in impacted sites during the wet season contrary to the off season. However, there was a significant difference in the ratio of sensitive to pollution-tolerant taxa in the off season, which remained depreciated in the longer term. This study highlights the urgency of research exploring on the feasibility of adopting appropriate pollution abatement technologies to implement ecologically sound coffee-processing systems in coffee-growing regions of Ethiopia. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Coffee processing; Ethiopia; Macroinvertebrates; River pollution; Waste	Animal foods; Environmental practices; Ethiopia; Macroinvertebrate community; Macroinvertebrates; Organic load; Pollution abatement; Processing plants; River water quality; Running waters; Sampling site; Water course; Water quality assessments; Wet season; Biochemical oxygen demand; Biogas; Composting; Denitrification; Factor analysis; Nitrification; Oxidation; Pollution; Rivers; Wastes; Water quality; River pollution; dissolved oxygen; oxygen; rain; river water; biochemical oxygen demand; community structure; dissolved oxygen; macroinvertebrate; nitrification; physicochemical property; river pollution; river water; water quality; wet season; article; biochemical oxygen demand; coffee; community structure; controlled study; dumping; environmental impact assessment; environmental management; Ethiopia; food processing; macroinvertebrate; nitrification; physical chemistry; pulping; seasonal variation; species diversity; waste disposal; water analysis; water quality; water sampling; Agriculture; Coffee; Conservation of Natural Resources; Ethiopia; Refuse Disposal; Rivers; Seasons; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollution, Chemical; Water Quality; Ethiopia; Jimma; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949032280	Evaluation of replacing maize with mango (Mangifera indica) kernel on fertility and hatchability parameters of layer hens	Beyene G., Niguse M., Gebreslasie L., Berhe A.	2015	Livestock Research for Rural Development	27	12	None	College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Beyene, G., College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Niguse, M., College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Gebreslasie, L., College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Berhe, A., College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O.Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia	The study was conducted to evaluate replacing maize with mango kernel on fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality and chick quality of layer hens. One hundred twenty chickens with similar body weight and age were used for the experiment. The chickens were randomly distributed to 15 pens each with 8 hens and 1 cock to the five treatments diets in completely randomized design (CRD). The chickens were kept in a deep litter housing system. The treatment rations were formulated to replace maize grain by mango kernel with 0% (MK0), 25% (MK25), 50% (MK50), 75% (MK75) and 100% (MK100). Chickens were offered a weighed amount of feed and feed leftovers were collected and weighed the next morning. The experiment lasted for 90 days during which fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality and chick quality were measured. Fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality, chick length, chick weight and chick visual score were not statistically different among the treatments. Therefore, we concluded that maize can be replaced by mango kernel up to 100% (at a rate of 390g/kg concentrate diet), since this level of replacement has not negatively affected fertility, hatchability, embryonic mortality and chick quality parameters. © 2015, Fundacion CIPAV. All rights reserved.	Byproduct; Feed; Layer diet; Poultry	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940659300	Evaluation of different oat varieties for fodder yield and yield related traits in Debre Berhan area, central highlands of Ethiopia	Beyene G., Araya A., Gebremedhn H.	2015	Livestock Research for Rural Development	27	9	None	College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia	Beyene, G., College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Araya, A., College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Gebremedhn, H., College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia	Oat is the most important well-adapted cereal fodder crop grown in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Ethiopia has a wide range of agro-ecological zones, described in the research centers to develop varieties to suit different zones as well as different systems of fodder production. However, the yield per acre is still far below than optimum level of production. Considering such a miserable picture in the country, field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of seven forage oat varieties namely: 80-SA-130, 8251-CI, 80-SA-95, 8237-CI, Lampton, 8235-CI and Jasari at Agricultural Experiment Station of Debre Berhan University, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources during the year of 2014/15. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design having three replications and a net plot of size 1.2 m x 5 m. Data was recorded for plant height, leaf number tiller-1, tiller number plant-1, tillers per m2 and green fodder yield. The varieties differed in yield and yield related parameters. The variety Lampton produced significantly higher green forage yield (67.2 t·ha-1) than other varieties due to taller plants (178cm), more number of tillers plant-1 (14.2), tillers per m2 (256) and number of leaves tiller-1 (6.89) whereas, the variety Jasari recorded lowest (44.5 t·ha-1). Hence variety Lampton proved its superiority over all the other varieties included in the experiment. © 2015 Fundacion CIPAV. All rights reserved.	Avena sativa L; Forage yield; Yield traits	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84948705704	Predictors of late HIV diagnosis among adult people living with HIV/AIDS who undertake an initial CD4 T Cell evaluation, northern Ethiopia: A case-control study	Beyene M.B., Beyene H.B.	2015	PLoS ONE	10	10	10.1371/journal.pone.0140004	Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Beyene, M.B., Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Beyene, H.B., Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Introduction Early HIV testing and timely initiation of ART is critical for the improved quality of life of PLWHIV. Having identified a higher rates of Late HIV diagnosis, this study was aimed to determine Determinants of late diagnosis of HIV among adult HIV patients in Bahir Dar, Northern Ethiopia. Methods A case control study was conducted between January 2010 to December 2011 at Bahir Dar Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital. The study subjects consisted of 267 cases and 267 controls. Cases were adult people living with HIV/AIDS whose initial CD4 T cell count was< 200/μ of blood. Controls were those with a CD4 T cell count of greater than 200/ μl. Trained staff nurses were involved in data collection using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics and Binary logistic regression were performed. Results Subjects who hold a certificate and above (AOR = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.13. 0.54), being initiated by friends, families and other socials to undertake HIV testing (AOR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.29, 1.48), who reported a medium and high knowledge score about HIV/AIDS and who undertake HIV testing while visiting a clinic for ANC (AOR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.19, 0.83) were less likely to be diagnosed late. Subjects who undertake HIV testing due to providers' initiation (AOR = 1.70; 95%CI = 1.08, 2.68), who reported a medium internalized stigma (AOR = 4.94; 95% CI = 3.13, 7.80) and who reported a high internalized stigma score towards HIV/ AIDS (AOR = 16.64; 95% CI = 8.29, 33.4) had a high odds of being diagnosed late compared to their counterparts. Conclusion Internalized stigma, low knowledge level about HIV/AIDS, not to have attended formal education and failure to undertake HIV testing by own initiation were significant determinant factors associated with Late HIV diagnosis. Education about HIV/AIDS, promotion of general education, and encouraging people to motivate their social mates to undertake HIV testing are highly recommended. © 2015 Beyene, Beyene. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.	None	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; Article; case control study; CD4+ T lymphocyte; controlled study; Ethiopia; female; health promotion; HIV test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; motivation; patient education; prediction; quality of life; questionnaire; scoring system; stigma	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942605038	Evaluation of rational use of veterinary drugs especially antimicrobials and anthelmintics in Bishoftu, Central Ethiopia Veterinary Research	Beyene T., Endalamaw D., Tolossa Y., Feyisa A.	2015	BMC Research Notes	8	1	10.1186/s13104-015-1466-4	Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia; Department of Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia	Beyene, T., Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia; Endalamaw, D., Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia; Tolossa, Y., Department of Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia; Feyisa, A., Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia	Background: Rational use of drugs in veterinary medicine has numerous benefits, such as increasing efficacy, decreasing the potential adverse effects, reducing risk of drug residue and combating development of microorganism's drug resistance. Methods: A retrospective study with the aim of evaluating the current rational use of veterinary drugs was conducted at college of veterinary medicine and agriculture veterinary teaching hospital and Ada district veterinary clinic, central Ethiopia. One thousand eight hundred and nineteen animal patients' encounters were randomly selected for the study from prescription papers and prescription registration books retrospectively. Results: The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 1.23 with maximum of five. The percentage of encounters in which antimicrobials and anthelmintics was prescribed were 54.4 % (1216/2235) and 38.9 % (869/2235), respectively. The percentages of drugs prescribed by generic name and from essential veterinary drug list were 90.1 % (2014/2235) and 99.7 % (2229/2235), respectively. The most commonly prescribed antimicrobials and anthelmintics were oxytetracycline 1016 (45.5 %), penicillin and streptomycin combination 168 (7.5 %), sulfa drugs 23 (1.0 %), and albendazole 732 (32.8 %) and ivermectin 137 (6.1 %). Among the 1819 animal-patient encounters, only 57 % (n = 1037) of the prescriptions were written adequately, 43 % (n = 782) incorrectly prescribed and 1179 cases of the adequately specified prescription were tentatively diagnosed. For 656 (53.9 %) and 233 (26.8 %) inadequately specified cases antimicrobials and anthelmintics were prescribed, respectively. Antibiotics were prescribed irrationally for cases which were tentatively diagnosed as parasitic 21.6 % (n = 262) and viral to prevent secondary bacterial complications 6.0 % (n = 73). Among all patients that were admitted to veterinary clinics, 96.6 % (1757) were treated empirically without getting correct laboratory-supported diagnosis. Chi Square test for trend analysis showed a statistically significant association between irrational drug usage and year (p = 0.000). Conclusions: The findings had shown problems in generic prescribing, incorrect diagnosis, and non-availability of standard veterinary treatment guideline and drug formulary in the study area. Therefore, veterinary drugs, specially, antimicrobial agents should be judiciously used; and a wide scale study to safeguard the public from drug residual effects and antimicrobial resistance development is recommended. © 2015 Beyene et al.	Ethiopia; Evaluation; Prescribing practices; Rational use; Veterinary drugs	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857667087	Testcross performance of doubled haploid maize lines derived from tropical adapted backcross populations	Beyene Y., Mugo S., Pillay K., Tefera T., Ajanga S., Njoka S., Karaya H., Gakunga J.	2011	Maydica	56	4	None	International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, UN Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 1041, 00621 Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya; Monsanto South Africa (Proprietary) Ltd, Kenya; Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), PO Box 57811, City Square, Nairobi 00200, Kenya	Beyene, Y., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, UN Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 1041, 00621 Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya; Mugo, S., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, UN Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 1041, 00621 Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya; Pillay, K., Monsanto South Africa (Proprietary) Ltd, Kenya; Tefera, T., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, UN Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 1041, 00621 Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya; Ajanga, S., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), PO Box 57811, City Square, Nairobi 00200, Kenya; Njoka, S., Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), PO Box 57811, City Square, Nairobi 00200, Kenya; Karaya, H., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, UN Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 1041, 00621 Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya; Gakunga, J., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, UN Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 1041, 00621 Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya	Doubled haploid (DH) lines produced by in vivo induction of maternal haploids are routinely used in maize breeding. The present study was carried out to assess the performance of 75 doubled haploid maize testcrosses and six checks tested across four locations in Kenya for grain yield, agronomic traits and reaction to major leaf diseases. The 75 DH lines were derived from the backcross (BC1) plants of two CIMMYT bi-parental crosses. Significant location, genotype and genotype x location effects were observed for grain yield and anthesis-silking interval (ASI). Genotypes were significantly different for reaction to leaf blight and gray leaf spot. Location explained 69% of the total phenotypic variance while both genotype and genotype by environment interaction effects contributed 4% each. Fifteen DH testcross hybrids yielded better than the best commercial check, WH505 (5.1 t/ha). The best DH testcross hybrid (CKDHH0223) averaged over the four locations yielded 29.5% higher than WH505. These results indicate that maize testcrosses developed from DH lines produced as high a grain yield and as acceptable agronomic traits as the commercial hybrids developed through conventional pedigree methods. The DH lines identified in the study may be useful for improving yield and disease resistance in maize breeding programs in eastern and southern Africa.	Doubled haploid; Genotype × Environment interaction; Maize	Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547153730	Globalisation and poverty: Impacts on households of employment and restructuring in the Textiles industry of South Africa	Bezuidenhout A., Khunou G., Mosoetsa S., Sutherland K., Thoburn J.	2007	Journal of International Development	19	5	10.1002/jid.1308	Sociology of Work Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom	Bezuidenhout, A., Sociology of Work Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Khunou, G., Sociology of Work Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mosoetsa, S., Sociology of Work Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sutherland, K., School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; Thoburn, J., School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom	This paper addresses an important but often neglected theme in debates on globalisation - the consequences for workers of engagement in global markets, particularly for those workers who are retrenched in the process. Using the South African textiles industry as a case study, the paper investigates the impact on workers' household livelihoods of industrial restructuring following trade liberalisation in the 1990s. Interviews with textile workers and retrenched textile workers were conducted in five locations in three provinces - the Western Cape, the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal - in order to capture different local dynamics. Workers employed in textiles generally enjoy a relatively stable formal sector wage, which, though less than the manufacturing average, is well above the national poverty line. However, the benefits were not evenly spread between the regions and job insecurity has been increasing. Workers retrenched from textile employment have faced extreme difficulties in a country with exceptionally high levels of open unemployment, and many families have fallen into deep poverty, which may now be transmitted intergenerationally. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Globalisation; Households; Poverty; South Africa; Textiles; Trade liberalisation	employment; globalization; industrial restructuring; poverty; textile industry; trade liberalization; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858263082	Beneficial loading configurations to increase sugarcane haulage vehicle performance	Bezuidenhout C.N.	2010	International Sugar Journal	112	1342	None	School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag x01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa	Bezuidenhout, C.N., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag x01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa	Transport remains one of the main cost components in the sugarcane supply chain. A wide range of sugarcane vehicles have been designed while considering various factors, such as cane density, safety, economics and the law. Payload remains one of the most important design criteria. Although on-board weighing technologies can result in significant benefits, these technologies are not always appropriate. Payload management without these technologies remain challenging because sugarcane densities can vary significantly based on variety, yield, recent growing conditions, lodging and the amount of trash included. The aim of this research was to assess factors that contribute to incorrect payloads and to produce simple guidelines for loader operators. Two common vehicles were analysed with respect to their design densities and axle loadings. It is concluded that some vehicles pose a greater risk of being over- or under-loaded. Also, an uneven loading profile results in a more even axle load distribution, compared to flat bed loading. This emphasises the need to provide sufficient training to drivers and loading operators. It also demands that vehicle operators need to fully understand their vehicles' specifications and limitations and to manage them accordingly.	Efficiency; Loading profile; Payload; Sugarcane; Transport	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84894436876	Impact of improved maize adoption on welfare of farm households in Malawi: A panel data analysis	Bezu S., Kassie G.T., Shiferaw B., Ricker-Gilbert J.	2014	World Development	59	None	10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.01.023	Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Scarborough, Canada; International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Partnership for Economic Policy, Nairobi, Kenya; Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States	Bezu, S., Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Scarborough, Canada; Kassie, G.T., International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Shiferaw, B., Partnership for Economic Policy, Nairobi, Kenya; Ricker-Gilbert, J., Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States	This paper assesses rural households' decision to use improved maize varieties in Malawi and examines its impact on household welfare using a three-year household panel data. The distributional effect of maize technology adoption is investigated by looking at impacts across wealth and gender groups. We applied control function approach and IV regression to control for possible endogeneity of input subsidy and area under improved maize. We found that area under improved maize varieties is positively correlated with own maize consumption, income and asset holdings. We found evidence that improved maize adoption has a stronger impact on welfare of poorer households. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Africa; Food security; Improved maize; Input subsidy; Malawi; Technology adoption	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887302345	Gendered constructions of the impact of HIV and AIDS in the context of the HIV-positive seroconcordant heterosexual relationship	Bhagwanjee A., Govender K., Reardon C., Johnstone L., George G., Gordon S.	2013	Journal of the International AIDS Society	16	None	10.7448/IAS.16.1.18021	School of Psychology (Howard College), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Health Economics and HIV/AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Bhagwanjee, A., School of Psychology (Howard College), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Govender, K., School of Psychology (Howard College), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa, Health Economics and HIV/AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Reardon, C., Health Economics and HIV/AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Johnstone, L., School of Psychology (Howard College), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa; George, G., Health Economics and HIV/AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; Gordon, S., School of Psychology (Howard College), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa	Introduction: This article explores the complex, dynamic and contextual frameworks within which men working in a mining community and their live-in long-term partners or spouses (termed "couples" in this study) respond to the introduction of HIV into their heterosexual relationships; the way in which partners adopt gendered positions in enabling them to make sense of their illness; how they negotiate their respective masculine and feminine roles in response to the need for HIV-related lifestyle changes; as well as the gendered nature of partner support in relation to antiretroviral therapy (ARV) adherence. Methods: We conducted an in-depth qualitative study with a sample of 12 HIV-positive seroconcordant heterosexual couples in a South African mining organization. Transcripts based on semi-structured couple's interviews were analyzed using an inductive emergent thematic analytical method. Results: The findings present compelling evidence that the impact of HIV and AIDS is mitigated, in the main, by the nature of the dyadic relationship. Where power and agency were skewed in accordance with traditional gender scripts, the impact of HIV and AIDS was deleterious in terms of negotiating disclosure, meeting expectations of care and support, and promoting treatment adherence. As a corollary, the study also revealed that where the relational dynamic evidenced a more equitable distribution of power, the challenge of negotiating illness was embraced in a way that strengthened the couples' affiliation in profound ways, manifested not simply in a reduction in risk behaviours, but in both partner's courage to re-visit sensitive issues related to managing their relationship in the context of a debilitating illness. Conclusions: Gendered positioning (by self and others) was found to play a crucial role in the way couples experienced HIV and ARV treatment, and underscored the positive role of a couples-counselling approach in the negotiation of the illness experience. However, as part of a broader social project, the findings highlight the need to address the shortcomings of a public health discourse on illness normalization that reifies and reinforces skewed gender relations. In essence, the findings make a compelling case for targeting couples as the primary unit of analysis and intervention in HIV and AIDS praxis, not only to enhance treatment and prevention outcomes, but to impact on and potentially transform the lived identity of such relationships, in AIDS-affected communities. We recommend early intervention with couples in terms of couples HIV testing, risk-reduction counselling and gender-based interventions giving couples opportunities to revisit and challenge their prevailing gendered identities. We note, however, that these efforts will be undermined in the long term, if the structural drivers of HIV risk and vulnerability, contained within macro-level social, economic and cultural practices, are not simultaneously addressed. © 2013 Bhagwanjee A et al; licensee International AIDS Society.	Gendered identities; Hegemonic masculinities; Mining; South Africa	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; casual sex; courage; expectation; female; femininity; heterosexuality; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; interpersonal communication; major clinical study; male; masculinity; mining; patient care; patient compliance; priority journal; qualitative research; reinforcement; risk reduction; semi structured interview; sex role; thematic analysis; counseling; family size; gender identity; gendered identities; hegemonic masculinities; heterosexuality; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; interview; medication compliance; methodology; psychological aspect; South Africa; utilization review; antiretrovirus agent; gendered identities; hegemonic masculinities; mining; South Africa; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Counseling; Family Characteristics; Female; Gender Identity; Heterosexuality; HIV Infections; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Medication Adherence; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73149090995	The chairman's statements and annual reports: Are they reporting the same company performance to investors?	Bhana N.	2009	Investment Analysts Journal	70	1	None	Regent Business School, PO Box 10686, Marine Parade, Durban 4056, South Africa; University of Bedfordshire, United Kingdom	Bhana, N., Regent Business School, PO Box 10686, Marine Parade, Durban 4056, South Africa, University of Bedfordshire, United Kingdom	This paper analyses the chairman's statements of the top 50 and bottom 50 companies listed on the JSE ranked by percentage change in profit before taxation. The research examines whether companies with improving and declining performance report good and bad news in different ways. The findings are in line with expectations and both groups of companies show a preference to emphasise the positive aspects of their performance. Furthermore, both groups prefer to take credit for good news themselves, while blaming the external environment for bad news. Managers use accounting narratives in a self-serving manner, rather than reporting performance objectively. The research in this paper has implications for the current state of financial reporting whereby auditors do not formally audit but instead review the chairman's statement to ascertain its consistency with the financial statements.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-59849117172	Fe mineralogy of rocks from the Vredefort impact structure investigated with Mössbauer spectroscopy	Bharuth-Ram K., Hart R.J., Gunnlaugsson H.P.	2008	Hyperfine Interactions	186	42372	10.1007/s10751-008-9854-y	IThemba Labs, Somerset West 7129, South Africa; School of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark	Bharuth-Ram, K., IThemba Labs, Somerset West 7129, South Africa, School of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; Hart, R.J., IThemba Labs, Somerset West 7129, South Africa; Gunnlaugsson, H.P., Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark	The Vredefort impact structure in South Africa is the largest and oldest remnant impact structure on Earth. Observations from above the crater reveal lower than average magnetic field intensities, but the rocks in the crater have been shown to possess much higher magnetic intensities than the regional average that varies on a centimeter scale. Various mechanisms, including the presence of single domain magnetite structures, have been proposed for this anomaly. Mössbauer spectroscopy has been applied to study the Fe-mineralogy of samples from near the centre of the Vredefort crater. Transmission Mössbauer measurements on bulk and microtomics sections of samples showed that the magnetic minerals were magnetite and hematite, and we suggest that oxidation of olivine during the impact is responsible for the magnetic properties of the rocks. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Fe mineralogy; Impact structure; Magnetic field intensities; Mössbauer spectroscopy; Vredefort impact structure	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-49649112709	Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4-substituted 1-{[4-(10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin-5-yl)phenyl]methylidene} thiosemicarbazides as new class of potential antiprotozoal agents	Bhat A.R., Athar F., Van Zyl R.L., Chen C.-T., Azam A.	2008	Chemistry and Biodiversity	5	5	10.1002/cbdv.200890073	Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India; Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa	Bhat, A.R., Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India; Athar, F., Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India; Van Zyl, R.L., Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Chen, C.-T., Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Azam, A., Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India	A novel series of 4-substituted 1-{[4-(10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin-5-yl) phenyl]methylidene}thiosemicarbazide, 4a -4n, was synthesized in 9-21% yield by the condensation of 4-(10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin-5-yl)benzaldehyde (3) with various substituted thiosemicarbazides in presence of catalytic amount of AcOH. These compounds were assayed for in vitro antiamoebic activity, and the results showed that out of 14 compounds 9 were found with IC50 values lower than metronidazole corresponding to 1.05- to 4.7-fold increase in activity. MTT Assay showed that all the compounds are nontoxic to human kidney epithelial cell line. 4-(m-Toluidinyl)-1-{[4- (10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin-5-yl)phenyl]methylidene} thiosemicarbazide (4h) showed the highest antiamoebic activity with least cytotoxicity. Some of the compounds were screened for their antimalarial activities and ability to inhibit β-haematin formation, but none of them showed an activity better than chloroquine and quinine. Only one compound out of six showed an activity comparable to standard drug. © 2008 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.	None	1,2,3,4 tetrahydro n' [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]quinoline 1 carbothiohydrazide; 3 (4,5 dimethyl 2 thiazolyl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide; 4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)benzaldehyde; 4 (2 chlorobenzyl) 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 (2 methylphenyl) 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 (3 methylphenyl) 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 (4 methylphenyl) 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 benzyl 4 phenyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 cyclohexyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 cyclohexyl 4 methyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 cyclooctyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 cyclopentyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 methyl 4 phenyl 1 [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]thiosemicarbazide; 4 methyl n' [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]piperizine 1 carbothiohydrazide; 4 phenyl n' [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]piperazine 1 carbothiohydrazide; 5 [4 (1,3 dioxolan 2 yl)phenyl] 10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin; antiprotozoal agent; chloroquine; hematin; metronidazole; n' [[4 (10,15,20 triphenylporphyrin 5 yl)phenyl]methylidene]pyrrolidine 1 carbothiohydrazide; quinine; thiosemicarbazide derivative; unclassified drug; antiprotozoal agent; porphyrin; semicarbazide derivative; thiosemicarbazide; antimalarial activity; article; controlled study; cytotoxicity; drug screening; drug synthesis; Entamoeba histolytica; epithelium cell; human; human cell; IC 50; in vitro study; inhibition kinetics; kidney epithelium; protein synthesis; Amoeba; animal; chemical structure; chemistry; classification; drug effect; Plasmodium; structure activity relation; synthesis; Amoeba; Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Molecular Structure; Plasmodium; Porphyrins; Semicarbazides; Structure-Activity Relationship	None
None	None	Impact of artemisinin-based combination therapy and insecticide-treated nets on malaria burden in Zanzibar	Bhattarai A., Ali A.S., Kachur S.P., Mårtensson A., Abbas A.K., Khatib R., Al-mafazy A.-W., Ramsan M., Rotllant G., Gerstenmaier J.F., Molteni F., Abdulla S., Montgomery S.M., Kaneko A., Björkman A.	2007	PLoS Medicine	4	11	10.1371/journal.pmed.0040309	Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Zanzibar Malaria Control Programme, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Malaria Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Ifakara Health Research and Development Centre, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Kullbergska Hospital, Katrineholm, Sweden; International Development Group, Research Triangle Institute, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Department of Accident and Emergency, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Italian Co-operation, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden	Bhattarai, A., Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Ali, A.S., Zanzibar Malaria Control Programme, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Kachur, S.P., Malaria Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States, Ifakara Health Research and Development Centre, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Mårtensson, A., Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Kullbergska Hospital, Katrineholm, Sweden; Abbas, A.K., Zanzibar Malaria Control Programme, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Khatib, R., Ifakara Health Research and Development Centre, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Al-mafazy, A.-W., Zanzibar Malaria Control Programme, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Ramsan, M., International Development Group, Research Triangle Institute, Zanzibar, Tanzania; Rotllant, G., Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Gerstenmaier, J.F., Department of Accident and Emergency, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Molteni, F., Italian Co-operation, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Abdulla, S., Ifakara Health Research and Development Centre, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Montgomery, S.M., Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Clinical Research Centre, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; Kaneko, A., Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Björkman, A., Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden	Background: The Roll Back Malaria strategy recommends a combination of interventions for malaria control. Zanzibar implemented artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for uncomplicated malaria in late 2003 and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) from early 2006. ACT is provided free of charge to all malaria patients, while LLINs are distributed free to children under age 5 y ("under five") and pregnant women. We investigated temporal trends in Plasmodium falciparum prevalence and malaria-related health parameters following the implementation of these two malaria control interventions in Zanzibar. Methods and Findings: Cross-sectional clinical and parasitological surveys in children under the age of 14 y were conducted in North A District in May 2003, 2005, and 2006. Survey data were analyzed in a logistic regression model and adjusted for complex sampling design and potential confounders. Records from all 13 public health facilities in North A District were analyzed for malaria-related outpatient visits and admissions. Mortality and demographic data were obtained from District Commissioner's Office. P. falciparum prevalence decreased in children under five between 2003 and 2006; using 2003 as the reference year, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were, for 2005, 0.55 (0.28-1.08), and for 2006, 0.03 (0.00-0.27); p for trend < 0.001. Between 2002 and 2005 crude under-five, infant (under age 1 y), and child (aged 1-4 y) mortality decreased by 52%, 33%, and 71%, respectively. Similarly, malaria-related admissions, blood transfusions, and malaria-attributed mortality decreased significantly by 77%, 67% and 75%, respectively, between 2002 and 2005 in children under five. Climatic conditions favorable for malaria transmission persisted throughout the observational period. Conclusions: Following deployment of ACT in Zanzibar 2003, malaria-associated morbidity and mortality decreased dramatically within two years. Additional distribution of LLINs in early 2006 resulted in a 10-fold reduction of malaria parasite prevalence. The results indicate that the Millennium Development Goals of reducing mortality in children under five and alleviating the burden of malaria are achievable in tropical Africa with high coverage of combined malaria control interventions.	None	amodiaquine; artemether plus benflumetol; artemisin; artesunate; chloroquine; fansidar; insecticide; quinine; artemisinin; artemisinin derivative; adolescent; article; bed net; blood transfusion; child care; childhood mortality; combination chemotherapy; controlled study; female; health care facility; health survey; hospital admission; human; infection control; major clinical study; malaria; male; monotherapy; morbidity; outpatient care; parameter; Plasmodium falciparum; prevalence; school child; Tanzania; animal; bed; child; cross-sectional study; drug combination; infant; malaria falciparum; mosquito; newborn; parasitemia; parasitology; preschool child; Tanzania; Adolescent; Animals; Artemisinins; Bedding and Linens; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Insecticides; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Mosquito Control; Parasitemia; Plasmodium falciparum; Prevalence; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897498406	Composite nanofibers prepared from metallic iron nanoparticles and polyaniline: High performance for water treatment applications	Bhaumik M., Choi H.J., McCrindle R.I., Maity A.	2014	Journal of Colloid and Interface Science	425	None	10.1016/j.jcis.2014.03.031	Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, South Korea; Smart Polymers Group, Polymers and Composites, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa	Bhaumik, M., Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Choi, H.J., Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, South Korea; McCrindle, R.I., Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Maity, A., Smart Polymers Group, Polymers and Composites, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa	Presented here is a simple preparation of metallic iron nanoparticles, supported on polyaniline nanofibers at room temperature. The preparation is based on polymerization of interconnected nanofibers by rapid mixing of the aniline monomer with Fe(III) chloride as the oxidant, followed by reductive deposition of Fe0 nanoparticles, using the polymerization by-products as the Fe precursor. The morphology and other physico-chemical properties of the resulting composite were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and vibrating-sample magnetometry. The composite fibers were 80-150nm in diameter and exhibited the expected ferromagnetic behavior. The composite rapidly and efficiently removed As(V), Cr(VI), and also Congo red dye, from aqueous solutions suggesting their usefulness for removal of toxic materials from wastewater. The composite fibers have high capacity for toxin removal: 42.37mg/g of As(V), 434.78mg/g of Cr(VI), and 243.9mg/g of Congo red. The fibers are easily recovered from fluids by exploiting their ferromagnetic properties. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.	Adsorption; Arsenic(V); Chromium(VI); Composites; Congo red; Isotherm; Kinetics; Nanofibers; Polyaniline	Adsorption; Azo dyes; Chlorine compounds; Chromium compounds; Composite materials; Enzyme kinetics; Ferromagnetic materials; Ferromagnetism; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Isotherms; Nanoparticles; Photoelectrons; Polyaniline; Polymerization; Toxic materials; Transmission electron microscopy; X ray diffraction; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Arsenic (v); Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method; Congo red; Ferromagnetic behaviors; Ferromagnetic properties; Physicochemical property; Scanning and transmission electron microscopy; Vibrating sample magnetometry; Nanofibers; aniline; arsenic; chromium; congo red; ferrous chloride; iron; monomer; nanofiber; nanoparticle; oxygen; polyaniline; adsorption; aqueous solution; article; decolorization; infrared spectroscopy; isoelectric point; magnetometry; moisture; oxidation; pH; physical chemistry; polymerization; priority journal; reaction time; room temperature; scanning electron microscopy; surface property; transmission electron microscopy; water treatment; X ray diffraction; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Adsorption; Azo Compounds; Chlorine Compounds; Chromium Compounds; Dyes; Fourier Analysis; Infrared Spectroscopy; Isotherms; Magnetic Materials; Photoelectrons; Polymerization; Transmission Electron Microscopy; X Ray Diffraction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81455131878	The impact of service-learning on two groups of South African dental students	Bhayat A., Vergotine G., Yengopal V., Rudolph M.J.	2011	Journal of Dental Education	75	11	None	Division of Public Oral Health, Schools of Public Health and Oral Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa	Bhayat, A., Division of Public Oral Health, Schools of Public Health and Oral Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa; Vergotine, G., Division of Public Oral Health, Schools of Public Health and Oral Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa; Yengopal, V., Division of Public Oral Health, Schools of Public Health and Oral Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa; Rudolph, M.J., Division of Public Oral Health, Schools of Public Health and Oral Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2192, South Africa	Service-learning has become an important component in the education of medical and dental students around the world. Dental students at the University of Witwatersrand, South Africa, provide dental services to rural communities via the Phelophepa train or a Public Oral Health Facility (POHF). The Phelophepa train is a mobile primary health care facility offering dental, pharmacy, nursing, and medical services provided by health professions students. The objective of this study was to determine the impact this experience with service-learning has had on dental students. Final-year dental students in 2008 and 2009 participated in the study by completing a self-administered questionnaire. There was a 100 percent response rate (N=55) on the demographic questions and a 98 percent response rate (N=54) on the opinion questions. Students on the Phelophepa train performed more extractions and examinations than those at the POHFs. Most students (95 percent), both on the train and at the clinics, reported that their clinical skills and efficiency had improved, and 96 percent felt more aware of the communities' needs. Almost all the students (96 percent) reported that the experience had helped them define their personal strengths and weaknesses. Complaints they mentioned included large numbers of patients (87 percent), long working hours (60 percent), and equipment being inadequate (48 percent) or not working (40 percent). This program positively impacted these students and enhanced their personal growth and social responsibility by exposing them to the needs of rural and urban communities in South Africa.	Community dentistry; Community health services; Community-based dental education; Dental students; Public health; Service-learning; South Africa	adult; article; clinical competence; cross-sectional study; dental education; dental equipment; dental procedure; dental student; education; ethnic group; female; health personnel attitude; health service; human; male; patient; preventive health service; primary health care; productivity; psychological aspect; public health service; questionnaire; retrospective study; rural health care; self concept; social behavior; South Africa; statistics; time; Adult; Attitude of Health Personnel; Clinical Competence; Community Dentistry; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Equipment; Dental Health Services; Education, Dental; Efficiency; Ethnic Groups; Female; Health Services Needs and Demand; Humans; Male; Mobile Health Units; Patients; Preceptorship; Primary Health Care; Public Health Dentistry; Questionnaires; Retrospective Studies; Rural Health Services; Self Concept; Social Responsibility; South Africa; Students, Dental; Time Factors; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925660500	Numerical and experimental study of the effect of a froth baffle on flotation cell performance	Bhondayi C., Moys M.H., Fanucchi D., Danha G.	2015	Minerals Engineering	77	None	10.1016/j.mineng.2015.03.004	School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Computational and Applied Mathematics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Johannesburg, South Africa	Bhondayi, C., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, South Africa; Moys, M.H., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fanucchi, D., School of Computational and Applied Mathematics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, South Africa; Danha, G., Department of Civil and Chemical Engineering, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Johannesburg, South Africa	In this work, the effect of a froth baffle on flotation performance is investigated both experimentally and numerically. Flotation experiments with an artificial ore comprised of 80% silica as gangue and 20% limestone as floatable component were carried out to compare the flotation performance of a baffled froth system against an un-baffled froth system. The effect of the baffle's inclination angle to the horizontal was also studied. Results indicated that a froth baffle has a profound effect on both recovery and grade. The presence of a froth baffle resulted in an increase in grade at the expense of recovery. The decrease in limestone recovery with the introduction of a froth baffle was found to be a function of the baffle's inclination angle i.e. recovery decreased as the inclination angle becomes more acute. Water recovery as well as entrainment recovery herein represented by silica recovery decreased with decrease in baffle's inclination angle. Numerical techniques were employed to model the experimental results. The 2D stream function equation/Laplace equation which is known to be adequate in describing froth transport was solved subject to boundary conditions that represent the presence of baffles. A solution was developed using finite difference methods on a rectangular map obtained using Schwarz-Christoffel (SC) mapping. Results from the simulations indicated a change in particle residence time distribution in a manner that reduces spread. The changes in residence time distribution helped in developing an explanation of the experimental data. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Flotation; Froth baffle; Froth recovery; Laplace equation; Schwarz-Christoffel mapping	Finite difference method; Flotation; Laplace equation; Limestone; Mapping; Ore treatment; Recovery; Residence time distribution; Silica; Flotation performance; Froth baffle; Froth recovery; Numerical and experimental study; Numerical techniques; Particle residence time distribution; Schwarz-Christoffel mapping; Stream function equations; Froth flotation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922576120	Effects of gas distribution profile on flotation cell performance: An experimental investigation	Bhondayi C., Moys M.H.	2015	International Journal of Mineral Processing	135	None	10.1016/j.minpro.2015.01.004	School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg WITS, South Africa	Bhondayi, C., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg WITS, South Africa; Moys, M.H., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg WITS, South Africa	A flotation cell that enables the study of the effects of different air distribution profiles on flotation performance has been designed. Three distinct gas fluxes viz. high gas flux at the back of the flotation cell (impeller and gas distribution mechanism at the back), high gas flux at the centre (impeller and gas distribution mechanism at the centre) and high gas flux close to the concentrate weir (impeller and gas distribution mechanism close to concentrate weir). Pseudo-steady state experiments using an artificial ore comprising of 80% silica as gangue and 20% limestone as floatable component were done. Results indicated that high gas rate at the back of the flotation cell resulted in higher limestone recovery when compared to the other gas distribution profiles investigated while high gas flux close to the concentrate weir resulted in high limestone grade. The differences in recovery ranged between 5 and 10% while the grade differences ranged between 0.5 and 5% with high gas flux at the centre produced lower values for all froth depths and gas rates. The effect of gas distribution profile on limestone grade was found to dwindle as froth height was increased; changes in limestone grade ranged between 0.47 and 2% for a froth depth of 10.1 cm while those for a froth height of 6.3 cm ranged between 1.40 and 5%. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Flotation cell; Gas distribution profile; Impeller; Superficial gas velocity	Cells; Cytology; Flotation; Hydraulic structures; Impellers; Limestone; Molecular biology; Weirs; Air distribution; Experimental investigations; Flotation cell; Flotation performance; Gas distribution; High gas fluxes; Pseudo steady state; Superficial gas velocities; Gases	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955993153	The influence of mode of test administration on test performance	Bhoola-Patel A., Laher S.	2011	Journal of Psychology in Africa	21	1	None	Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa	Bhoola-Patel, A., Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa; Laher, S., Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa	This study examined the influence of mode of test administration (paper based or computer-based) on anxiety leveis and test performance. Participants were 44 learners (males = 22, females = 22) from three schools in Johannesburg, South Africa who completed both a computer and paper version of the Differential Aptitude Test - Form K Non-Verbal Reasoning test, the Computer Attitude Scale, the Computer Anxiety Rating Scale and Sarason's Test Anxiety Scale. Test anxiety was significantly related to both computer and paper based testing. Copyright © 2011 Journal of Psychology in Africa.	Computer anxiety; Computer attitudes; Computerised testing; Paper-and-pencil testing; Test anxiety	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77349122777	Development and evaluation of real-time PCR assays for the quantitative detection of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi infections in horses from South Africa	Bhoora R., Quan M., Franssen L., Butler C.M., Van der Kolk J.H., Guthrie A.J., Zweygarth E., Jongejan F., Collins N.E.	2010	Veterinary Parasitology	168	42433	10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.11.011	Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Equine Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Utrecht Centre for Tick-borne Diseases (UCTD), Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Equine Sciences, Medicine Section, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.153, 3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands; Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	Bhoora, R., Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Quan, M., Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa, Equine Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Franssen, L., Utrecht Centre for Tick-borne Diseases (UCTD), Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, Netherlands; Butler, C.M., Department of Equine Sciences, Medicine Section, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.153, 3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands; Van der Kolk, J.H., Department of Equine Sciences, Medicine Section, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.153, 3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands; Guthrie, A.J., Equine Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Zweygarth, E., Agricultural Research Council - Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Jongejan, F., Utrecht Centre for Tick-borne Diseases (UCTD), Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, Netherlands; Collins, N.E., Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa	A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay using a TaqMan minor groove binder (MGB™) probe was developed for the detection of Babesia caballi infection in equids from South Africa. Nine previously published sequences of the V4 hypervariable region of the B. caballi 18S rRNA gene were used to design primers and probes to target unique, conserved regions. The B. caballi TaqMan MGB™ qPCR assay was shown to be efficient and specific. The detection limit, defined as the concentration at which 95% of positive samples can be detected, was determined to be 0.000114% parasitized erythrocytes (PE). We further evaluated a previously reported Theileria equi-specific qPCR assay and showed that it was able to detect the 12 T. equi 18S rRNA sequence variants previously identified in South Africa. Both qPCR assays were tested on samples from two ponies experimentally infected with either T. equi or B. caballi. The qPCR assays were more sensitive than the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and the reverse-line blot (RLB) during the early onset of the disease. The assays were subsequently tested on field samples collected from 41 horses, resident on three stud farms in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa. The IFAT detected circulating T. equi and B. caballi antibody in, respectively, 83% and 70% of the samples. The RLB detected T. equi parasite DNA in 73% of the samples, but none of the samples were positive for B. caballi, although 19 T. equi-positive samples also hybridized to the Babesia genus-specific probe. This could indicate a mixed T. equi and B. caballi infection in these samples, with either the B. caballi parasitaemia at a level below the detection limit of the B. caballi RLB probe, or the occurrence of a novel Babesia genotype or species. In contrast, the qPCR assays correlated fairly well with the IFAT. The B. caballi TaqMan MGB™ qPCR assay was able to detect B. caballi parasite DNA in 78% of the samples. The T. equi-specific qPCR assay could positively detect T. equi DNA in 80% of the samples. These results suggest that the qPCR assays are more sensitive than the RLB assay for the detection of T. equi and B. caballi infections in field samples. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Babesia caballi; Real-time PCR; Theileria equi	protozoal DNA; RNA 18S; analytic method; animal experiment; article; Babesia caballi; blotting; controlled study; equine piroplasmosis; erythrocyte; fluorescent antibody technique; gene identification; genetic variability; genotype; horse disease; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; quantitative study; real time polymerase chain reaction; reverse line blot; RNA sequence; sensitivity analysis; South Africa; Theileria; Theileria equi; theileriosis; Animals; Babesia; Babesiosis; DNA, Protozoan; Genotype; Horse Diseases; Horses; Male; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reproducibility of Results; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; Sensitivity and Specificity; South Africa; Theileria; Theileriasis; Babesia; Babesia caballi; Equidae; Theileria equi	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84909961232	Gestational age-adjusted trends and reference intervals of the Modified Myocardial Performance Index (Mod-MPI) and its components, with its interpretation in the context of established cardiac physiological principles	Bhorat I., Bagratee J., Reddy T.	2014	Prenatal Diagnosis	34	11	10.1002/pd.4414	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Subdepartment of Fetal Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Bhorat, I., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Subdepartment of Fetal Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Bagratee, J., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Subdepartment of Fetal Medicine, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Reddy, T., Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Objective: The objective of this study is to establish gestational age-adjusted reference intervals and trends of the modified myocardial performance index (Mod-MPI), isovolumetric contraction time (ICT), isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT), and ejection time (ET) in pregnancy Methods: A cross-sectional study using Doppler echocardiography to determine the Mod-MPI was performed on 419 fetuses from 20 to 38weeks of gestation. Doppler signals of the opening and closing of the mitral and aortic valves were used as landmarks to determine the ICT, IRT, and ET. The Mod-MPI was modeled using fractional polynomials and the exponential-normal model. Results: The Mod-MPI was relatively constant from 20 to 26weeks and thereafter steadily decreased with advancing gestational age. ICT and ET remained constant, whereas IRT decreased with advancing gestation similar to the Mod-MPI. Conclusion: Reference intervals of the Mod-MPI evaluating fetal cardiac function have been established. Maturational and developmental alterations in the myocardial performance in utero resulting in better ventricular compliance is most likely responsible for the decreasing trend of the Mod-MPI noted with advancing gestation. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	None	aorta valve; Article; assessment of humans; cardiovascular parameters; cross-sectional study; Doppler echocardiography; fetal Doppler; fetus; gestational age; heart performance; heart ventricle ejection time; human; isovolumetric contraction time; isovolumetric relaxation time; maternal age; mitral valve; modified myocardial performance index; normal human; priority journal; reference value; echography; female; fetus echography; fetus heart; health status indicator; heart contraction; heart ventricle; physiology; pregnancy; procedures; reference value; second trimester pregnancy; standards; third trimester pregnancy; Aortic Valve; Cross-Sectional Studies; Echocardiography, Doppler; Female; Fetal Heart; Gestational Age; Health Status Indicators; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Myocardial Contraction; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Reference Values; Ultrasonography, Prenatal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84918586205	Use of the myocardial performance index as a prognostic indicator of adverse fetal outcome in poorly controlled gestational diabetic pregnancies	Bhorat I.E., Bagratee J.S., Pillay M., Reddy T.	2014	Prenatal Diagnosis	34	13	10.1002/pd.4471	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Bhorat, I.E., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Bagratee, J.S., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Pillay, M., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Reddy, T., Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	What is known about the topic?Fetal complications in gestational diabetes without microvascular complications are related to fetal hyperinsulinism. Our present prenatal surveillance techniques in diabetic pregnancies are neither appropriate nor sufficient as a monitoring tool. Impaired cardiac function in fetuses of diabetic pregnancies has been documented, but no link to adverse outcome has been demonstrated. What this study adds to the topic?This study has established an association between fetal cardiac dysfunction and abnormal fetal outcomes in poorly controlled gestational diabetic pregnancies. There seems to be an association between severity of the myocardial performance index elevation and rates of abnormal outcomes. Myocardial performance index may be an attractive monitoring tool of the fetus in poorly controlled diabetic pregnancy. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether there are any changes in cardiac function in fetuses of poorly controlled gestational diabetics and whether these changes influence perinatal outcome. Methods: Twenty-nine pregnant women with severe gestational diabetes on insulin therapy in the third trimester of pregnancy were recruited and matched with 29 women with normal pregnancies (control group). Using Doppler echocardiography, the modified myocardial performance index (Mod-MPI) and E wave/A wave peak velocities (E/A) ratios were determined. Placental resistance Doppler markers were also determined in both groups. Adverse perinatal outcome was defined as perinatal death, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, cord pH <7.15, 5-min Apgar score <7 and presence of cardiomyopathy. Results: The median Mod-MPI was increased (0.59 vs 0.38; p<0.0001) and the E/A ratio was decreased (0.65 vs 0.76; p<0.0001) in fetuses of diabetic mothers compared with controls. An MPI >0.52 had a sensitivity of 100% [95% confidence interval (CI) 85-100%] and specificity of 92% (95% CI 70-92%) for prediction of adverse perinatal outcome, including one stillbirth and one neonatal death. No abnormal outcomes occurred in the control group. Conclusions: There is significant impairment of cardiac function in fetuses of poorly controlled gestational diabetics. Mod-MPI and E/A ratio have the potential to improve fetal surveillance in diabetic pregnancies. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	None	adult; clinical trial; cross-sectional study; female; fetus heart; heart function test; human; pathophysiology; pregnancy; pregnancy diabetes mellitus; pregnancy outcome; prospective study; Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Fetal Heart; Heart Function Tests; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Prospective Studies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924146495	Determination of the myocardial performance index in deteriorating grades of intrauterine growth restriction and its link to adverse outcomes	Bhorat I.E., Bagratee J.S., Pillay M., Reddy T.	2015	Prenatal Diagnosis	35	3	10.1002/pd.4537	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Bhorat, I.E., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Bagratee, J.S., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Pillay, M., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa; Reddy, T., Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa	Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the fetal modified myocardial performance index (Mod-MPI) and E-wave/A-wave peak velocities (E/A ratio) in deteriorating grades of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and its link to adverse outcomes defined as perinatal death, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, neonatal resuscitation, neonatal cord pH <7.15, intraventricular hemorrhage and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Method: Forty three pregnant women with IUGR defined as the abdominal circumference <10th percentile for gestational age and umbilical resistance index >2 standard deviations in the third trimester of pregnancy were matched for gestational age and maternal age with 43 women with appropriate-for-gestational-age fetuses. The IUGR group was subdivided on the basis of multivessel Doppler anomalies into different grades of growth restriction. Mod-MPI and E/A ratio were determined and linked to perinatal outcome. Results: The median Mod-MPI was significantly higher in growth-restricted fetuses compared with controls (0.59 vs 0.37, p<0.001) and increased with severity of IUGR, the classification of which was based on degree of abnormality of the umbilical resistance index, presence of arterial redistribution and degree of abnormality of the ductus venosus (DV) Doppler indices. A cut-off Mod-MPI value of 0.54 conferred a sensitivity of 87% [confidence interval (CI): 66-97%], specificity of 75% (CI: 55-91%) and a likelihood ratio (LR) of 3.47 for an adverse outcome. A cut-off Mod-MPI value of 0.67 conferred a sensitivity of 100% (CI: 54-100%), specificity of 81% (CI: 65-92%) and LR of 5.28 for perinatal death. No abnormal outcomes occurred in controls. In logistic regression analysis, the MPI remained a significant predictor of adverse outcome after adjusting for gestational age of delivery, fetal weight, E/A ratio, maternal age, DV Doppler indices, amniotic fluid index and umbilical artery resistance index [adjusted odds ratio, 95% CI: 2.60 (1.15-5.83), p-value 0.02]. MPI fared significantly better than the E/A ratio as a predictor of adverse outcome (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94 and 0.76, p<0.001). Conclusion: Fetal myocardial performance deteriorates with severity of growth restriction. There is an association between severity of the MPI elevation and rates of adverse perinatal outcome. The Mod-MPI and E/A ratio have the potential to be integrated into routine surveillance techniques of the growth-restricted fetus. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	None	A wave; abdominal circumference; adverse outcome; Article; brain hemorrhage; cardiovascular parameters; clinical article; controlled study; disease severity; Doppler echocardiography; ductus venosus; female; fetus; heart function; heart performance; human; hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy; intrauterine growth retardation; lung dysplasia; myocardial performance index; perinatal death; pH; pregnant woman; priority journal; real time ultrasound scanner; resuscitation; adult; amnion fluid; case control study; complication; diastole; echography; fetus echography; fetus heart; gestational age; heart left ventricle function; heart ventricle function; intrauterine growth retardation; pregnancy; prematurity; prognosis; second trimester pregnancy; severity of illness index; systole; third trimester pregnancy; umbilical artery; vascularization; Adult; Amniotic Fluid; Case-Control Studies; Diastole; Echocardiography, Doppler; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetal Heart; Fetus; Gestational Age; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Premature Birth; Prognosis; Severity of Illness Index; Systole; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Umbilical Arteries; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left; Ventricular Function; Ventricular Function, Left	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879094104	Performance of the first fourth-generation rapid human immunodeficiency virus test in children	Bhowan K., Sherman G.G.	2013	Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal	32	5	10.1097/INF0b013e31827b4775	Paediatric HIV Diagnostic Syndicate, Wits Health Consortium, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, South Africa; Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, South Africa; National Health and Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa	Bhowan, K., Paediatric HIV Diagnostic Syndicate, Wits Health Consortium, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, South Africa; Sherman, G.G., Paediatric HIV Diagnostic Syndicate, Wits Health Consortium, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, South Africa, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, South Africa, National Health and Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa	Diagnosing HIV infection in infants by p24 antigen detection at point of care is likely to reduce infant morbidity and mortality. A fourth-generation rapid test evaluated on 202 stored samples from children of known age and clinical presentation demonstrated a sensitivity of <2% for detecting p24 antigen in 61 HIV-infected infants and demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity for detecting HIV antibodies in infants aged 6 months and younger. Copyright © 2013 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Children; Fourth generation; Human immunodeficiency virus; P24 antigen; Rapid test	antigen p24; Human immunodeficiency virus antibody; article; HIV test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; morbidity; mortality; performance; priority journal; rapid test; sensitivity and specificity; HIV Core Protein p24; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Point-of-Care Systems; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Virology	USAID, United States Agency for International Development
Scopus	2-s2.0-84957414276	Source apportionment and pollution evaluation of heavy metals in water and sediments of Buriganga River, Bangladesh, using multivariate analysis and pollution evaluation indices	Bhuiyan M.A.H., Dampare S.B., Islam M.A., Suzuki S.	2015	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	187	1	10.1007/s10661-014-4075-0	Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 1-1, Tsushima, Naka, 3-Chome, Okayama, Japan; Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Chemistry Division, Dhaka Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh	Bhuiyan, M.A.H., Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 1-1, Tsushima, Naka, 3-Chome, Okayama, Japan, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Dampare, S.B., National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Islam, M.A., Chemistry Division, Dhaka Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Suzuki, S., Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 1-1, Tsushima, Naka, 3-Chome, Okayama, Japan	Concentrations of heavy metals in water and sediment samples of Buriganga River in the capital city Dhaka, Bangladesh, were studied to understand the level of heavy metals and their source apportionment. The results showed that the mean concentrations of heavy metals both in water and sediment samples were very high and, in most cases, exceeded the permissible limits recommended by the Bangladesh government and other international organizations. Significantly higher concentrations of Pb, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Cd were found in sediment samples. However, average concentrations of metals both in water and sediment samples were above the effect range median. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and degree of contamination (Cd) yielded different results in water samples despite significant correlations between them. The heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) showed strong correlations with HPI and Cd and provided better assessment of pollution levels. The enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) showed the elevated value of Cr, Pb, and Cd in access of background values. The measured elements were subjected to positive matrix factorization (PMF) and examining correlations in order to explain the content, behavior, and source apportionment of metals. PMF resulted in a successful partitioning of variances into sources related to background geochemistry and contaminant influences. However, the PMF approach successfully demarcated the major sources of metals from tannery, paint, municipal sewage, textiles, and agricultural activities. © 2014, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Buriganga River; Heavy metals; Pollution load index; Positive matrix factorization; Source apportionment	Factorization; Heavy metals; Lead; Manganese; Matrix algebra; Metals; Multivariant analysis; Rivers; Sediments; Sewage; Water resources; Agricultural activities; Buriganga rivers; Geo-accumulation index; Heavy metal evaluations; International organizations; Pollution load indices; Positive Matrix Factorization; Source apportionment; River pollution; arsenic; cadmium; chromium; cobalt; copper; heavy metal; lead; manganese; nickel; zinc; background level; concentration (composition); enrichment; geoaccumulation index; heavy metal; multivariate analysis; partitioning; pollutant source; river pollution; sediment pollution; agricultural waste; Article; Bangladesh; concentration (parameters); controlled study; environmental enrichment; environmental impact assessment; geographic distribution; industrial waste; river; sediment; sludge; urbanization; waste water; water analysis; water contamination; water pollution; water pollution indicator; water quality; water sampling; Bangladesh; Buriganga River; Dhaka [Bangladesh]	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952889444	Evaluation of hazardous metal pollution in irrigation and drinking water systems in the vicinity of a coal mine area of northwestern Bangladesh	Bhuiyan M.A.H., Islam M.A., Dampare S.B., Parvez L., Suzuki S.	2010	Journal of Hazardous Materials	179	42372	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.03.114	Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Chemistry Division, Dhaka Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Legon-Accra, Ghana	Bhuiyan, M.A.H., Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Islam, M.A., Chemistry Division, Dhaka Atomic Energy Center, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; Dampare, S.B., National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Parvez, L., Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; Suzuki, S., Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan	An integrated approach of pollution evaluation indices, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) was employed to evaluate the intensity and sources of pollution in irrigation and drinking water systems of northwestern Bangladesh. Temperature, BOD, chemical oxygen demand (COD), Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Pb levels in most of the water samples exceed the Bangladesh and international standards. The heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and degree of contamination (Cd) yield different results despite significant correlations between them. The heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) shows strong correlations with HPI and Cd, and gives a better assessment of pollution levels. Modifications to the existing HPI and Cd schemes show comparable results with HEI, and indicate that about 55% of the mine drainage/irrigation waters and 50% of the groundwaters are moderately to highly contaminated. The CA, PCA and pollution indices suggest that the mine drainage water (DW) is contaminated by anthropogenic (mining operation and agrogenic) sources, and the proximal parts are more contaminated than the distal part. The groundwater system in the vicinity of the coal mine site is also heavily polluted by anthropogenic sources. The pollution status of irrigation and drinking water systems in the study area are of great environmental and health concerns. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	Cluster analysis; Degree of contaminants; Heavy metal evaluation indices; Heavy metal pollution indices; Irrigation water; Principal component	Evaluation index; Heavy metal pollution; Irrigation waters; Principal component; Principal Components; Chemical oxygen demand; Cluster analysis; Coal mines; Contamination; Groundwater; Groundwater pollution; Heavy metals; Heavy water; Irrigation; Manganese; Manganese compounds; Manganese removal (water treatment); Metal analysis; Metals; Mining; Oxygen; Pollution; Potable water; Wastewater disposal; Water resources; Water supply; Waterworks; Principal component analysis; cobalt; copper; drinking water; ground water; heavy metal; iron; lead; manganese; nickel; anthropogenic effect; anthropogenic source; biochemical oxygen demand; chemical oxygen demand; cluster analysis; coal mine; drinking water; environmental impact assessment; groundwater; hazardous waste; health risk; heavy metal; irrigation; mine drainage; pollutant source; pollution monitoring; principal component analysis; water quality; water temperature; article; Bangladesh; biochemical oxygen demand; chemical oxygen demand; cluster analysis; coal mining; environmental health; irrigation (agriculture); physical chemistry; principal component analysis; temperature; water pollution; water quality; Agriculture; Algorithms; Bangladesh; Cluster Analysis; Coal Mining; Hazardous Substances; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Metals, Heavy; Principal Component Analysis; Trace Elements; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollution, Chemical; Water Purification; Water Supply; Bangladesh	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867466705	Impact of 20-day strike in Polokwane Hospital (18 August - 6 September 2010)	Bhuiyan M.M.Z.U., Machowski A.	2012	South African Medical Journal	102	9	10.7196/SAMJ.6045	Department of General Surgery, Polokwane Mankweng Hospital Complex, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa	Bhuiyan, M.M.Z.U., Department of General Surgery, Polokwane Mankweng Hospital Complex, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa; Machowski, A., Department of General Surgery, Polokwane Mankweng Hospital Complex, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa	Background. Doctors' strikes have a negative effect on hospital performance indicators. Hospital mortality during such strikes is the most important indicator. Objective. To determine the effects of the 2010 strike on Polokwane Hospital. Methods. Information was collected from the Hospital Information System, Polokwane Hospital Casualty Department, wards and theatres. Results. During the 20-day strike, a total of 262 patients were admitted to Polokwane Hospital, with 40 patients to the surgical department; 96 operations were performed in the hospital and 40 in the surgical department; and 50 deaths were reported in the hospital (8 deaths in the surgical department). During 20 days of a non-striking period in May 2010, there were 975 admissions to the hospital, with 125 to the surgical department. In the entire hospital, 340 operations were performed, and 79 in the surgical department. For this period, 61 deaths were reported in the hospital and 12 in the surgical department. Conclusions. The total number of patients admitted to the hospital and the surgical department during the strike was significantly lower than during a non-striking situation. Total mortality during the strike in Polokwane Hospital decreased, compared with the normal situation, but it increased when judged against emergency cases. However, when mortality was qualified by the number of admissions, it showed a significant increase. Strikes seriously and significantly affect service delivery.	None	article; death; hospital; hospital admission; hospital personnel; human; mortality; surgical ward; trade union; Emergency Service, Hospital; Hospital Mortality; Hospitalization; Hospitals, Public; Humans; Physicians; South Africa; Strikes, Employee	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951515024	Mathematical Analysis of an HIV/AIDS Model: Impact of Educational Programs and Abstinence in Sub-Saharan Africa	Bhunu C.P., Mushayabasa S., Kojouharov H., Tchuenche J.M.	2011	Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Algorithms	10	1	10.1007/s10852-010-9134-0	Department of Applied Mathematics, Modelling Biomedical Systems Research Group, National University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 OES, United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0408, United States; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada	Bhunu, C.P., Department of Applied Mathematics, Modelling Biomedical Systems Research Group, National University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 OES, United Kingdom; Mushayabasa, S., Department of Applied Mathematics, Modelling Biomedical Systems Research Group, National University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Kojouharov, H., Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0408, United States; Tchuenche, J.M., Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada	We formulate a deterministic HIV/AIDS model to theoretically investigate how counselling and testing coupled with the resulting decrease in sexual activity could affect the HIV epidemic in resource-limited communities. The threshold quantities are determined and stabilities analyzed. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations support the idea that increase in the number of sexually inactive HIV positive individuals who voluntarily abstain from sex has a positive impact on HIV/AIDS control. Results from this theoretical study suggest that effective counselling and testing have a great potential to partially control the epidemic (especially when HIV positive individuals either willingly withdraw from risky sexual activities or disclose their status beforehand) even in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Therefore, more needs to be done in resource-limited settings, such as sub-Saharan Africa, as far as the HIV/AIDS epidemic is concerned and a formalized information, education, and communication strategy should be given prominence in educational campaigns. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Abstinence; HIV/AIDS; Reproduction number; Resource-limited; Testing and counselling	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862905466	Assessing the impact of using antiretroviral drugs as pre-exposure vaccines	Bhunu C.P., Mushayabasa S.	2012	HIV and AIDS Review	11	2	10.1016/j.hivar.2012.04.001	Department of Mathematics, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Bhunu, C.P., Department of Mathematics, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mushayabasa, S., Department of Mathematics, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	The ideal intervention against HIV/ AIDS infection will be a highly effective vaccine with long lasting-protection, but unfortunately that is currently non-existent. In this manuscript the potential of antiretroviral drugs when used as pre-exposure vaccines in the fight against the spread of HIV is explored using a mathematical model. Results from the analysis of the reproduction number suggest that use of antiretroviral drugs as pre-exposure vaccines for the uninfected in conjunction to their use as treatment regimen for the infected will contribute meaningfully to curtail the spread of the epidemic. This result is also supported by numerical simulations which show low levels of infection when both interventions are in place. © 2012 Polish AIDS Research Society. Published by Elsevier Urban & Partner Sp. zo.o. All rights reserved.	HIV/AIDS; Mathematical model; Pre-exposure vaccine	antiretrovirus agent; Human immunodeficiency virus vaccine; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; clinical assessment; controlled study; drug potency; epidemic; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; mathematical model; nonhuman; quantitative study; simulation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857510361	Impact of culling stray dogs and vaccination on the control of human rabies: A mathematical modeling approach	Bhunu C.P.	2011	International Journal of Biomathematics	4	4	10.1142/S1793524511001283	Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB3 OES, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Applied Mathematics, Modeling Biomedical Systems Research Group, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe	Bhunu, C.P., Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB3 OES, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Department of Applied Mathematics, Modeling Biomedical Systems Research Group, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe	Human rabies cases are not declining in Africa and Asia even though possible interventions are available. A mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of rabies is presented and analyzed in the presence of intervention strategies (culling, dog vaccinations, pre- and post-exposure vaccinations for humans). The reproduction number is computed and rigorously analyzed. Analytical results suggest that the key to rabies control lies in good animal control and seeking medical advice early, once exposed to a dog bite. Numerical simulations support analytical results obtained. We conclude that the post-exposure prophylaxis might be the best possible way to control rabies in developing nations if it can be made easily accessible to those in need. However, due to costs of vaccines which are beyond the reach of many people in developing nations, it may be best to come up with better animal control strategies to control the spread of rabies. © 2011 World Scientific Publishing Company.	Mathematical model; reproduction number	None	None
WoS	WOS:000297893800023	Assessing the impact of educational campaigns on controlling HCV among women in prison settings	Bhunu, C. P.,Mushayabasa, S.,Smith, Robert J.	2012	COMMUNICATIONS IN NONLINEAR SCIENCE AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION	17	4	10.1016/j.cnsns.2011.08.024	University of Ottawa, University of Zimbabwe, National University of Science & Technology - Zimbabwe, Natl Univ Sci & Technol	"Bhunu, C. P.: University of Zimbabwe",	Prior studies have shown that imprisonment is a major risk factor for hepatitis C infection, with the risk of infection directly proportional to the length of incarceration. Women are at least twice as likely as men to contract HCV as they have limited access to information, health services and safe intravenous drug injecting equipments. We develop a mathematical model to assess the impact of educational campaigns on controlling HCV among women in prison settings. Equilibria for the model are determined and their stability are examined. Population-level effects of increased educational campaigns to encourage safe injecting practices among women in prison are evaluated through numerical simulations. The results suggest that educating women prisoners about abstaining from intravenous drug misuse may significantly reduce HCV prevalence among women in prison settings. Targeted education campaigns, which are effective at stopping transmission of HCV more than 80% of the time, will be highly effective at controlling the disease among women in prisons. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	"educational campaigns",HCV,"reproductive number","SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS","women prisoners",ANTIBODIES,B-VIRUS,"DISEASE TRANSMISSION","HEPATITIS-C VIRUS",HIV,HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS,INFECTION,MODELS,PREVALENCE,RISK	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908133635	Diagnostic performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for tuberculous lymphadenitis on fine needle aspirates from Ethiopia	Biadglegne F., Mulu A., Rodloff A.C., Sack U.	2014	Tuberculosis	94	5	10.1016/j.tube.2014.05.002	College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM)-Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany	Biadglegne, F., College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Institute of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM)-Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Mulu, A., College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia, Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Rodloff, A.C., Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Sack, U., Institute of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM)-Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany	The Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) test is a novel automated molecular diagnostic recently endorsed by the World Health Organization for rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). Nevertheless, performance related data from high TB prevalence regions to investigate clinically suspected TB lymphadenitis are limited. To evaluate the performance of Xpert test for direct detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and rifampicin (RIF) resistance in lymph node aspirates, a cross-sectional study was conducted at four main hospitals in northern Ethiopia. Culture served as a reference standard for growth of MTBC and phenotypic and MTBDRplus drug susceptibility testing for detecting RIF resistance. Two-hundred-thirty-one fine needle aspirate (FNAs) specimens were processed simultaneously for smear, culture, and Xpert test. When compared to culture, the Xpert test correctly identified 29 out of 32 culture positive cases, 5 out of 11 contaminated cases, and 56 out of 188 culture negative cases. The overall sensitivity of the test was 93.5% [95% CI, 78.3-98.9%] and specificity 69.2% [95% CI, 66.4-70.0%]. The Xpert test identified the rpoB mutations associated with RIF resistance concordant with GenoType MTBDRplus and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing. In conclusion, the Xpert assay was found to perform well in detecting MTBC and RIF resistance in TB lymphadenitis patients. Furthermore, the test is simple and suitable to use in remote and rural areas for the diagnosis of TB lymphadenitis directly from FNAs in Ethiopia where TB/MDR-TB is rampant. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Fine needle aspirates; TB lymphadenitis; Xpert test	rifampicin; RNA polymerase beta subunit; bacterial protein; diagnostic kit; rifampicin; rpoB protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; tuberculostatic agent; adolescent; adolescent; antibiotic resistance; antibiotic resistance; antibiotic sensitivity; antibiotic sensitivity; Article; Article; bacterial growth; bacterial growth; bacterium culture; bacterium culture; bacterium detection; bacterium detection; controlled study; controlled study; cross-sectional study; cross-sectional study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test accuracy study; diagnostic test accuracy study; diagnostic value; diagnostic value; Ethiopia; Ethiopia; female; female; fine needle aspiration biopsy; fine needle aspiration biopsy; gene mutation; gene mutation; human; human; lymph node biopsy; lymph node biopsy; major clinical study; major clinical study; male; male; molecular diagnosis; molecular diagnosis; multicenter study; multicenter study; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis test kit; Mycobacterium tuberculosis test kit; nonhuman; nonhuman; phenotype; phenotype; sensitivity and specificity; sensitivity and specificity; tuberculous lymphadenitis; tuberculous lymphadenitis; antibiotic resistance; cell culture; clinical trial; comparative study; diagnostic kit; drug effects; evaluation study; fine needle aspiration biopsy; genetics; genotype; isolation and purification; lymph node; microbial sensitivity test; microbiology; mutation; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nucleotide sequence; predictive value; prevalence; procedures; real time polymerase chain reaction; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Adolescent; Antitubercular Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Cells, Cultured; Cross-Sectional Studies; DNA Mutational Analysis; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Ethiopia; Female; Genotype; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mutation; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Phenotype; Predictive Value of Tests; Prevalence; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rifampin; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant	DAAD, German Academic Exchange Service
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886290654	Environmental Impact Assessment in Kenya	Biamah E.K., Kiio J., Kogo B.	2013	Developments in Earth Surface Processes	16	None	10.1016/B978-0-444-59559-1.00018-9	Water Systems Engineering, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Agricultural Economist, Ministry of Agriculture, Kenya; Environmental and Biosystems Engineer, Norken Consult, Kenya	Biamah, E.K., Water Systems Engineering, University of Nairobi, Kenya; Kiio, J., Agricultural Economist, Ministry of Agriculture, Kenya; Kogo, B., Environmental and Biosystems Engineer, Norken Consult, Kenya	In Kenya, environmental impact assessment (EIA) has been used to ensure that environmental management is integrated into project planning and decision-making with a view of achieving ecologically sustainable development. Best-practice EIA identifies environmental risks, lessens resource use conflicts by promoting community participation, minimizes adverse environmental effects, informs decision-makers, and helps lay the base for environmentally sound projects. In the integration of an EIA, due considerations are made in all stages of a project, from exploration and planning through construction, operations, decommissioning, and beyond site closure. Therefore, this chapter brings out an in-depth understanding of the EIA in the Kenyan context. Some of the key issues looked into are the goals and principles of the EIA, the EIA process, public consultation and participation in environmental assessment, social dimensions in environmental assessment, and the legislative and regulatory framework for environmental management in Kenya. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Assessment; Consultation; Development; Environment; Impact; Integration; Participation; Planning; Social; Sustainability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937129119	Evaluation of universal extractants for determination of selected micronutrients from soil	Bibiso M., Taddesse A.M., Gebrekidan H., Melese A.	2015	Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia	29	2	10.4314/bcse.v29i2.4	School of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia; College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Haramaya University, Ethiopia; College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia	Bibiso, M., School of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia; Taddesse, A.M., College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Haramaya University, Ethiopia; Gebrekidan, H., School of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Ethiopia; Melese, A., College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia	A study was carried out with the objective of identifying the most suitable universal extractant for determination of selected micronutrients from soils. Composite surface soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected from Eastern Harargie Zone (Babile and Haramaya Districts), Wolaita Zone (Damot Sore, Boloso Bombe, Damot Pulasa and Humbo Districts) and Dire Dawa Administrative Council by purposive sampling. The treatments were arranged in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications at Haramaya University Soil Laboratory. The results showed that among the universal extractants examined for the determination of available Fe, Cu and Zn, the highest correlation coefficients (r = 0.95), (r = 0.99) and (r = 0.97) at (p < 0.001) were found between DTPA and AB-DTPA for available Fe, Cu and Zn, respectively. Therefore, AB-DTPA universal extractant can easily be adopted as a soil testing method for the determination of available Fe, Cu and Zn in some selected soils of Ethiopia. Similarly, the concentration of available Mn determined by DTPA method was significantly correlated with the amount determined by tested universal extractants. The highest correlation coefficients were found between DTPA and 0.01 M CaCl<inf>2</inf> (r = 0.90), DTPA and 0.01 M BaCl<inf>2</inf> (r = 0.87), DTPA and 0.02 M SrCl<inf>2</inf> (r = 0.86), DTPA and 0.1 M BaCl<inf>2</inf> (r = 0.89) and DTPA and AB-DTPA (r = 0.85). However, considering the use of universal extractant, AB-DTPA could be the most suitable universal extractant for the determination of available Mn in soils of the studied areas as well. Therefore, AB-DTPA extractant is considered to be superior and the most suitable universal extractant for determination of available Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn in soil of the studied areas. © 2015 Chemical Society of Ethiopia.	Micronutrients; Multinutrient extractant; Soil testing method; Unbuffered salts	None	MOE, Ministry of Education
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946497076	Evaluation of Universal Extractants for Determination of Some Macronutrients from Soil	Bibiso M., Taddesse A.M., Gebrekidan H., Melese A.	2015	Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis	46	19	10.1080/00103624.2015.1081925	School of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; College of Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia	Bibiso, M., School of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; Taddesse, A.M., College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; Gebrekidan, H., School of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; Melese, A., College of Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia	Evaluation of nutrient status in soil is important for nutritional, environmental, and economical aspects. The objective of this work was to find out the most suitable universal extractant for determination of available phosphorus (P) and nitrate (NO3-) and exchangeable potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) from soils using 0.01 M calcium chloride (CaCl2), 0.01 M barium chloride (BaCl2), 0.1 M BaCl2, 0.02 M strontium chloride (SrCl2), Mehlich 3, and ammonium bicarbonate diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (AB-DTPA) extractants. Composite surface soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected from the Eastern Harage Zone (Babile and Haramaya Districts), Wolaita Zone (Damot Sore, Boloso Bombe, Damot Pulasa, and Humbo Districts), and Dire Dawa Administrative Council by purposive sampling. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Results indicated that the greatest correlations were found between Mehlich 3 and Olsen method and also between 0.02 M SrCl2 and Olsen method for available P. The amount of NO3 – extracted by 0.02 M SrCl2 was significantly correlated to the amount determined by 0.5 M potassium sulfate (K2SO4). The amounts of exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg determined by ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) method were significantly correlated to the amount determined by universal extractants tested. In general, both 0.02 M SrCl2 and Mehlich 3 can serve as universal extractants for the macronutrients considered in this study with the former being more economical when NO3 – is included. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Available P and NO3 -; Ca and Mg; exchangeable K; universal extractant	ammonium compound; barium; calcium; chemical analysis; extraction method; nitrate; nutrient availability; phosphorus; potassium; soil dynamics; soil nutrient	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920111703	Identifying talented young soccer players: Conditional, anthropometrical and physiological characteristics as predictors of performance	Bidaurrazaga-Letona I., Lekue J.A., Amado M., Santos-Concejero J., Gil S.M.	2015	RICYDE: Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte	11	39	10.5232/ricyde2015.03906	Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Spain; Athletic Club Bilbao, País Vasco, Spain; Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Bidaurrazaga-Letona, I., Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Spain; Lekue, J.A., Athletic Club Bilbao, País Vasco, Spain; Amado, M., Athletic Club Bilbao, País Vasco, Spain; Santos-Concejero, J., Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Gil, S.M., Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Spain	The aim of this study was to provide the profile of elite young soccer players. Fifty-five players of the Under-14 category of Athletic Club Bilbao participated in this study. Players were classified into 4 playing positions: forwards (n=30), midfielders (n=15), defenders (n=37) and goalkeepers (n=15). Complete anthropometry, chronological age (CA), age at peak height velocity, 15-m sprint test, agility test, Yo-yo IT level 1 (Yo-yo IR1), counter-movement jump and hand dynamometry were measured. Results were transformed into z-scores and summed up to make two performance composites (SCORE and SCOREHG). One-way analysis of variance and a Bonferroni posthoc test were used to examine the differences between playing positions. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to estimate the contribution of independent variables to performance indicators. Significant differences were observed between playing positions in body mass and height (P<0.05); CA, maturity offset and muscle % (P<0.01); sum of skinfolds, fat %, endomorphy, sprint and agility tests (P<0.001). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the CA and sum of skinfolds were the most important predictors of performance. Collectively, playing positions were characterised by specific anthropometrical characteristics whereas no significant positional differences were observed in performance. This study provides further insight concerning coaches' practice of selecting young soccer players because of physical advantages. However, other components like technical and tactical skills, cognitive and psychological factors may be important to excel in soccer.	Maturation; Position; Talent identification; Youth soccer	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349478741	Fragmentary femora: Evaluation of the accuracy of the direct and indirect methods in stature reconstruction	Bidmos M.A.	2009	Forensic Science International	192	42372	10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.08.019	School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, Guateng, South Africa	Bidmos, M.A., School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, Guateng, South Africa	Selected measurements of the femur have been used in the derivation of regression equations for stature estimation in several populations. Various studies have indicated that stature can be estimated from fragmentary bones by either the direct or the indirect method. The direct method allows for the estimation of stature directly from individual or combination of measurements of fragments of the femur. However, the indirect method consists of two steps. An initial step which involves the estimation of maximum length of the femur from measurements of its fragments is followed by stature estimation from the estimated maximum length of the femur. While Steele noted that the indirect method provides a relatively more precise estimate of stature, none of the subsequent studies on stature reconstruction has addressed the issue of accuracy of the two methods. The current study utilized 120 complete skeletons obtained from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons. Total skeletal height for each of the skeletons (TSHFully) was calculated using the Fully's method. Measurements of fragments of the femur acquired from the current study were substituted into each of the previously derived equations for Indigenous South Africans (ISA) and South Africans of European Descent (SAED) in order to obtain an estimate of the skeletal height (TSHEst). Analyses were carried out separately for each group. An assessment of the differences between the estimated skeletal height (TSHEst) and the obtained skeletal height using the Fully's method (TSHFully) was performed using the paired t test. While no significant difference was observed between TSHFully and TSHEst for all equations (except one) used in the direct estimation of skeletal height, a number of indirect equations significantly overestimated TSHFully. These observations indicate that the direct method is more accurate than the indirect method. Since it is also less complicated, it is therefore the preferred of the two methods contrary to earlier recommendation made by Steele. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Accuracy; Anthropology; Forensic anthropology population data; Forensic science; Fragmentary femur; Stature	accuracy; African American; article; body height; controlled study; female; femur; forensic science; human; human tissue; intermethod comparison; male; mathematical analysis; osteometry; physical anthropology; priority journal; South Africa; Body Height; Female; Femur; Forensic Anthropology; Humans; Male; Regression Analysis; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888810254	Peak impact accelerations during track and treadmill running	Bigelow E.M.R., Elvin N.G., Elvin A.A., Arnoczky S.P.	2013	Journal of Applied Biomechanics	29	5	None	Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, United States; School of Civil Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Laboratory for Comparative Orthopaedic Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States	Bigelow, E.M.R., Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Elvin, N.G., Department of Mechanical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, NY, United States; Elvin, A.A., School of Civil Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Arnoczky, S.P., Laboratory for Comparative Orthopaedic Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States	To determine whether peak vertical and horizontal impact accelerations were different while running on a track or on a treadmill, 12 healthy subjects (average age 32.8 ± 9.8 y), were fitted with a novel, wireless accelerometer capable of recording triaxial acceleration over time. The accelerometer was attached to a custom-made acrylic plate and secured at the level of the L5 vertebra via a tight fitting triathlon belt. Each subject ran 4 miles on a synthetic, indoor track at a self-selected pace and accelerations were recorded on three perpendicular axes. Seven days later, the subjects ran 4 miles on a treadmill set at the individual runner's average pace on the track and the peak vertical and horizontal impact magnitudes between the track and treadmill were compared. There was no difference (P = .52) in the average peak vertical impact accelerations between the track and treadmill over the 4 mile run. However, peak horizontal impact accelerations were greater (P = .0012) on the track when compared with the treadmill. This study demonstrated the feasibility for long-term impact accelerations monitoring using a novel wireless accelerometer. © 2013 Human Kinetics, Inc.	Gait mechanics; Long-distance running; Wireless accelerometer	Acrylic plates; Average ages; Healthy subjects; Long-distance running; Long-term impacts; Wireless accelerometers; Accelerometers; Sporting goods; Acceleration; acceleration; accelerometer; adult; article; biomechanics; computer interface; controlled study; deceleration; human; human experiment; normal human; treadmill; treadmill exercise; triathlon; velocity; Acceleration; Actigraphy; Adult; Equipment Design; Equipment Failure Analysis; Exercise Test; Feasibility Studies; Female; Foot; Humans; Male; Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems; Monitoring, Ambulatory; Running; Wireless Technology	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900434995	The impact of in-service training on computer application educators: Challenges experienced and skills acquired	Bihi J.K., Selesho J.M.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	7	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n7p411	Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa	Bihi, J.K., Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Selesho, J.M., Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa	It is generally believed that Information Communication Technologies through the use of Computer Applications Technology can extend knowledge and education to poor and marginalised people in South Africa. However, African countries still face many challenges in trying to provide appropriate and sustainable solutions for improving education and skills that will support the development of educators in all communities; this can be viewed in light of the millennium developmental goal. Thus the Department of Education put measures in place to bridge the gap in knowledge, skills and understanding of Computer Application Technology (CAT) educators through the provision of in-service training (INSET) programs. The research study was aimed at investigating challenges that CAT educators were experiencing in their classrooms in Secondary Schools in the Free State province. The study made use of a survey and an evaluation research design. The target population for this study was all Further Education and Training (FET) Phase educators in all secondary schools in the Free State Province. A selfconstructed questionnaire was used to collect qualitative data. The study revealed that the INSET program still needs to improve on its content relevance to syllabus and it should provide educators with skills in dealing with the challenge of teaching learners with disabilities. The majority of educators were satisfied with the INSET program as they indicated that it assisted in enhancing their skills and content knowledge; they further indicated that it gave them motivation to go into classrooms and teach. That the study did achieve its goal which was to assess the impact of INSET programs for CAT educators in the Motheo District, Free State province.	Challenges; Computer application; Educators; Experiences; Impact	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-12344310119	Radionuclide method for evaluating the performance of hemodialysis in vivo	Bihl G.K., Bird N.J., Peters C., Bradley J.M., Peters A.M.	2005	Kidney International	67	2	10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.67133.x	Hemodialysis Unit, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Winelands Kidney and Dialysis Centre, Sir Lowries Pass Road, Somerset West 7129, South Africa; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Palmer, Brighton, United Kingdom; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Eastern Road, Brighton BN2 5BE, United Kingdom	Bihl, G.K., Hemodialysis Unit, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Winelands Kidney and Dialysis Centre, Sir Lowries Pass Road, Somerset West 7129, South Africa; Bird, N.J., Hemodialysis Unit, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Peters, C., Hemodialysis Unit, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Bradley, J.M., Hemodialysis Unit, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Peters, A.M., Hemodialysis Unit, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Palmer, Brighton, United Kingdom, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Eastern Road, Brighton BN2 5BE, United Kingdom	Background. Specifications of dialyzer performance are generally based on in vitro measurements. There is, however, a shortage of data on dialyzer performance in vivo. The aim of this study was to use continuous measurement of technetium-99m-diethyltriaminepentaacetic acid (Tc-99m-DTPA) blood concentration as a means of continuously monitoring dialyzer function in vivo in patients undergoing routine hemodialysis. Methods. The study population comprised 15 patients (45 to 80 years old; 13 males). Tc-99m-DTPA was administered intravenously 90 minutes before obtaining a blood sample and starting dialysis. Blood Tc-99m-DTPA activity was continuously monitored by passing the line carrying blood from the patient to the dialyzer close to a scintillation probe mounted in a shielded housing. At the end of hemodialysis, lasting 180 to 300 minutes, chromium-51-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Cr-51-EDTA) was given intravenously and a blood sample taken 90 minutes later. Baseline dialyzer blood flow (Qb) and dialysate flow (Qd) were 250 to 350 mL/min and 500 mL/min, respectively. The rate constant, α, of the decrease in blood Tc-99m-DTPA activity was used as the measure of moment-to-moment dialyzer function. Pre- and postdialysis extracellular fluid volumes were calculated from the blood Tc-99m-DTPA and Cr-51-EDTA concentrations (VDTPA and VEDTA) before and after dialysis. Tc-99m-DTPA clearance was measured as the product of α and VDTPA. Dialyzer urea clearance was calculated from pre- and postdialysis urea nitrogen concentrations and the time of dialysis. The effects of brief changes in Qb and Qd on dialyzer function were assessed from the associated changes in α. Results. The Tc-99m-DTPA clearance profile was biexponential, becoming monoexponential about 1 hour after starting hemodialysis, with α remaining constant for as long as dialysis continued in five patients in whom Qb and Q d were left unaltered. Mean (SEM) plasma Tc-99m-DTPA clearance averaged over the entire period of dialysis in all 15 patients was 110 (3.1) mL/min. It correlated with urea clearance (r = 0.71) (F &lt; 0.01) which was 225 (9.5) mL/min based on a total body water of 2.5 that of VDTPA and 212 (13) mL/min scaled to 40 L/1.73 m2. Extracellular fluid volume decreased by 1.73 (0.74) 1 over dialysis, which was comparable to the change in weight [1.48 (0.57) kg]. The extraction fraction of Tc-99m-DTPA across the artificial kidney, directly measured from afferent and efferent blood samples under baseline Qb and Qd, was 0.5 (0.013). Average extraction fraction indirectly estimated from Tc-99m-DTPA blood clearance and Qb was 0.54 (0.019). These two measurements of extraction fraction correlated with each other under conditions of varying Qb and Q d (r = 0.74) (N = 27) (P &lt; 0.001). Changes in α resulting from changes in Qb and Qd were similar to changes predicted from computerized modeling. The ratio of mass transfer coefficients of urea and Tc-99m-DTPA with respect to the dialyzer, calculated as if they were permeability-surface area products, was 3.3, similar to the ratio, obtained from the literature, in continuous capillary endothelium. Conclusion. Tc-99m-DTPA is a useful agent for continuously monitoring dialyzer function in vivo and provides a platform for the use of other radio-pharmaceuticals of different molecular sizes that could be used in an analogous fashion.	Hemodialysis; Scintillation counting; Tc-99m-diethyltriaminepentaacetic acid; Urea clearance	edetate chromium cr 51; pentetate technetium tc 99m; urea; adult; aged; article; artificial kidney; blood flow; capillary endothelium; comparative study; controlled study; dialysate; dialysate level; drug clearance; evaluation; extracellular fluid; female; hemodialysis; human; human experiment; male; nitrogen concentration; normal human; performance; plasma clearance; priority journal; productivity; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chromium Radioisotopes; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Renal Dialysis; Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate; Ultrafiltration; Urea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925538558	Increased frequency of flash floods in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia: Change in rainfall intensity or human impact?	Billi P., Alemu Y.T., Ciampalini R.	2015	Natural Hazards	76	2	10.1007/s11069-014-1554-0	Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via G. Saragat 1, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Geography, University of Dire Dawa, P.O. Box 1362, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Cardiff, Park Place, Cardiff, United Kingdom	Billi, P., Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via G. Saragat 1, Ferrara, Italy; Alemu, Y.T., Department of Geography, University of Dire Dawa, P.O. Box 1362, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Ciampalini, R., School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Cardiff, Park Place, Cardiff, United Kingdom	In the first decade of the twenty-first century, Ethiopia has been subjected to an increased frequency of flash floods, especially in the town of Dire Dawa. The results of international organizations studies point to no evidence of a climate-driven change in the magnitude/frequency of floods, though increases in runoff and risk of floods in East Africa are expected. Flash floods are posing constraints to the economic growth and the development process of a low-income country such as Ethiopia, and, in order to mitigate such hazard, it is crucial to understand the relative roles of two main factors: rainfall intensity and land use change. This study analyses the recent trends of rainfall intensity across Ethiopia and investigates the relative role of rainfall intensity and land use change in augmenting the frequency of flash flooding of the town of Dire Dawa by the Dechatu River. Results indicate that the increase in rainfall intensity is a more important factor than land use change in controlling the increased frequency of flash flood in Dire Dawa. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Climate change; Ethiopia; Flash flood; Land use change; Rainfall intensity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955156143	Effect of constructivist-based teaching strategy on academic performance of students in integrated science at the junior secondary school level	Bimbola O., Daniel O.I.	2010	Educational Research and Reviews	5	7	None	Department of Curriculum Studies and Instructional Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Information Technology, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nige	Bimbola, O., Department of Curriculum Studies and Instructional Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Daniel, O.I., Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Information Technology, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria	Integrated science plays vital role in Nigerian science education programme because it prepares pupils at the Junior Secondary School level for the study of core science subjects at the Senior Secondary School level which in turn brings about students' interest in science oriented courses at the tertiary institutions. Despite government's efforts to encourage science teaching and learning among Nigerian students right from the Junior Secondary School level, the enrolment of students in core science subjects and science oriented courses at the Senior Secondary School level and tertiary institutions level respectively, is not encouraging. This is as a result of Junior Secondary School students' negative attitude towards integrated science. Research reports indicate that this negative attitude was caused, majorly, by teachers' conventional (lecture) method of teaching integrated science. Research reports on the effectiveness of constructivist-based teaching strategy revealed that the strategy enhanced students' academic performance. In view of this, this study examines the effectiveness of constructivist-based teaching strategy on academic performance in integrated science by Junior Secondary School students in South-West Nigeria. Quasi-experimental research design was used to achieve the purpose of this study. Participants were 120 Junior Secondary School Students randomly selected from four out of the 25 co-educational Junior Secondary Schools in Ijebu-ode local government area of ogun state, South-west Nigeria. Findings revealed that the constructivist instructed students had higher scores on the post test and the delayed post test, compared to those exposed to conventional (lecture) method of teaching. We concluded that if integrated science teachers could incorporate constructivist-based teaching strategy into their teaching methods, there would be an improvement in academic performance of Junior Secondary School Students in integrated science. The researchers recommended that integrated science teachers should incorporate constructivist-based teaching strategy in their methods of teaching. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Academic performance; Constructivism; Conventional (lecture); Integrated science; Junior secondary school III students; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904965593	Impact of carbon emissions on total assets and operating costs: An analysis of the jse100 companies	Bimha A.	2014	Corporate Ownership and Control	11	0.16666666667	None	Department of Finance, Banking and Risk Management, University of South Africa, P O Box 392, UNISA, 0003, South Africa	Bimha, A., Department of Finance, Banking and Risk Management, University of South Africa, P O Box 392, UNISA, 0003, South Africa	There is a definite concern in the rise of carbon emissions globally from traditional methods of production (Stern, 2008; IPCC, 2007). More so it is now widely acclaimed that by adopting production processes that reduce carbon emissions to low levels, companies will succeed in reducing their operating costs (Dietz et al, 2009; Sims et al, 2003). There has been limited study in investigating how the present state of companies' carbon emissions output is related to their operating costs and total assets. Therefore the study intends to establish the level of interactions between the carbon emissions, total assets and the operating costs they report annually. A panel data analysis was done on these three variables using a sample of the top 100 Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) reporting companies in South Africa. The study utilized the data of companies that report their emissions to the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) annually and are the top 100 JSE Companies by market capitalization and categorized the CDP reporting companies into 7 industrials sectors. The 7 industrial sectors are Consumer Discretionary, Consumer Staples, Energy and Materials, Financials, Health Care, Industrials and IT and Telecoms. The results indicate that in the short run there is no strong relationship between carbon emissions output and operating costs. More so, the carbon emissions have a very weak and statistically insignificant relationship with total assets.	Carbon emissions; JSE100; Panel data analysis; South africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871565337	Genotype and seeding date effects on performance of mangrove rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the Cross River Estuary	Binang W.B., Ntia J.D., Shiyam O.J.	2012	Journal of Agronomy	11	3	10.3923/ja.2012.79.84	Department of Crop Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	Binang, W.B., Department of Crop Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Ntia, J.D., Department of Crop Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Shiyam, O.J., Department of Crop Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	The mangrove swamp soils of the Cross River estuaq are suitable for intemive rice cultivation because of ample water supply, large level units and high Inherent fedility. However, because water is abundant, rainfall does not determine the sowing period. Field studes were conducted in 2006 and 2007 at Obufa Esuk Orok adlacent the University of Calabar Teachng and Research Fann to determine the best seeding date for two salt-tolerant rice varieties grown on a mangrove swamp soil in the Cross River estuary, southeastern Nigeria. Two mangrove rice varieties namely ROC 5 and CK 73 were raised in nurseries on 6 December, 8 January, 4 Febmary and 4 March, of each year and 30 day-old seedlings tramplanted at a plant spacing of 20×20 cm and at 2 seedlings per h11 Treatments comprised factorial combinations of four seeding dates and two varieties laid out in a split-plot design; the main- plot being the date of seeding and the sub-plot the variety. Significant varietal differences were obsenred, with CK 73 performing better than ROC 5. During the 2006 and 2007 growing seasom, paddy yield of 4.35 and 5.14 t ha-1 obtained from sowing in Febmary was higher than yieldvalues for December, January andMarchplantings by 145,276 and 18.2% (2006) and 37.9, 41.8 and 18.9% (2007). Seeding conditions in December through January were unfavorable because in the absence of water control, the frequent and unpredictable tidal water flow washed away seeds and seedlings, leading to poor germination, seedling establishment and reduction of the crop's tillering capacity and panicle formation. These conditiom were ameliorated in February- and March and the favorable solar radation levels and temperature regime that subsisted in April and May when the Febmary sown crop matured accounted for the superiority of this seeding period. It would however, be muitable to seed late-maturing varieties at this period because they would mature during the peak rains when natural drying conditions would be unfavorable. © 2012 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Cross river estuaq; Mangrove rice; Mangrove swamp soils; Seeding date; Tidal flow	Oryza sativa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874006629	Effect of seed priming method on agronomic performance and cost effectiveness of rainfed, dry-seeded NERICA rice	Binang W.B., Shiyam J.O., Ntia J.D.	2012	Research Journal of Seed Science	5	4	10.2923/rjss.2012.136.143	Department of Crop Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	Binang, W.B., Department of Crop Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Shiyam, J.O., Department of Crop Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria; Ntia, J.D., Department of Crop Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria	Priming is a seed enhancement method that might improve seed performance under stress conditions such as drought or freshly harvested or aged seeds which might fail to germinate. A field experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design in 2009 and 2010 at the Research Farm of the University of Calabar, Calabar to evaluate the effect of a range of priming techniques on agronomic performance of New Rice for Africa (NERICA) and to quantify their benefits to farmers. Treatments were on-farm priming, hydropriming, Osmopriming, vitamin (Ascorbate) priming, hardening, osmohardening, as well as a non-primed control. Results showed that seed priming had significant effect on germination, seedling emergence, days to heading, duration to plant maturity, number of tillers, number of fertile panicles and grain yield (p = 0.05). However, plant height at maturity and weight of 1000 grains were not similarly affected. Seed germination and seedling emergence consistently occurred sooner in primed seeds compared to non-primed seeds but differences existed between priming methods. The time to 50% germination was least in hardened, hydro-primed, on-farm-primed and Ascorbate-primed seeds compared with other priming methods evaluated and percentage seedling emergence followed the same pattern. Primed seeds gave plants that matured earlier with hardened, hydro-primed and on-farm primed seeds not being statistically different. The grain yield from hardened, hydro-primed and on-farm primed seeds was statistically similar but higher than that of other priming methods studied. Based on net returns, the most cost-effective priming method for NERICA rice is hardening, followed closely by on-farm priming and hydropriming. © 2012 Academic Journals Inc.	NERICA rice; Seed germination; Seed priming method; Seedling emergence	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906874909	Kinetic evaluation of dendrimer-encapsulated palladium nanoparticles in the 4-nitrophenol reduction reaction	Bingwa N., Meijboom R.	2014	Journal of Physical Chemistry C	118	34	10.1021/jp505571p	Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland-Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa	Bingwa, N., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland-Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Meijboom, R., Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland-Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa	The synthesis of dendrimer-encapsulated palladium nanoparticles with ratios of 13 and 55 metal atoms to templating dendrimer, (Pd13- and Pd 55-DENs) was successfully demonstrated with the use of hydroxyl-terminated generation 4 and 5 (G4 and G5) poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers as both templating and stabilizing agents. These Pd-DENs catalysts were fully characterized using spectroscopic techniques. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) was used for the determination of particle size. The average particle sizes were found to be 1.33 ± 0.15 and 1.66 ± 0.20 nm in diameters for Pd13 and Pd 55-DENs, respectively. These catalysts were evaluated using the widely utilized model reaction, 4-nitrophenol (NP) reduction by sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The experimentally determined kinetic data was modeled using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation which relates the apparent rate kapp, NP and BH4 - adsorption constants, K NP and KBH4- respectively, the surface rate constant k, and the surface area, S. The behavior of the adsorption constants with increasing temperature was also investigated by varying the reaction temperature between 298 and 318 K. The Pd13-DENs showed greater adsorption of NP and BH4 - when compared to Pd55-DENs. The overall results showed that the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model can be successfully used for full kinetic analysis of NP reduction by BH4 - in the presence of Pdn-DENs catalysts. © 2014 American Chemical Society.	None	Adsorption; Catalysts; High resolution transmission electron microscopy; Kinetics; Nanoparticles; Particle size; Phenols; Rate constants; Adsorption; Catalysts; Dendrimers; High resolution transmission electron microscopy; Kinetics; Metal nanoparticles; Nanoparticles; Particle size; Rate constants; Synthesis (chemical); 4-Nitrophenol reductions; Average particle size; Increasing temperatures; Langmuir Hinshelwood equation; Langmuir-Hinshelwood models; Palladium nanoparticles; Polyamidoamine dendrimers; Spectroscopic technique; Dendrimers; Palladium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907992931	Evaluation of catalytic activity of Ag and Au dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol	Bingwa N., Meijboom R.	2015	Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical	396	None	10.1016/j.molcata.2014.09.019	Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland-Park, Johannesburg, South Africa	Bingwa, N., Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland-Park, Johannesburg, South Africa; Meijboom, R., Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland-Park, Johannesburg, South Africa	LangmuirHinshelwood parameters were determined with the use of gold and silver dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles (Au-DENs and Ag-DENs) as catalysts. Dendrimers were used as templatingand stabilizing agents to ensure that there is no aggregation of metal nanoparticles. The synthesis ofDENs using amine terminated generation 4 poly (amido)amine dendrimer (G4-PAMAM-NH2) was suc-cessfully demonstrated. These synthesized DENs were characterized using UVvisible spectrophotometry (UVvis), electron dispersion X-ray analysis (EDX), and Fourier transformed infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR). High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) was used to determine the averageparticle sizes, and the average particle sizes were found to be 1.23 ± 0.13 and 1.17 ± 0.13 nm for Au- and Ag-DENs, respectively. Comparison of catalytic activity between the two metal nanoparticles was done interms of thermodynamic parameters obtained from LangmuirHinshelwood fits at 298 K. 4-Nitrophenol(NP) reduction by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in the presence of the synthesized DENs as homogeneouscatalysts was used by virtue of being a model reaction. Effect of diffusion barrier in all kinetic runs wasaddressed by calculations of the second Damkhler number and by the application of the second Fickslaw of diffusion. The LangmuirHinshelwood model proved to be an efficient model for thermodynamiccomparison of the two metal nanoparticles. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	4-Nitrophenol; Kinetics; Langmuir-Hinshelwood; Silver and gold nanoparticles	Catalyst activity; Dendrimers; Enzyme kinetics; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Gold; High resolution transmission electron microscopy; Metal nanoparticles; Spectrophotometry; Synthesis (chemical); X ray analysis; Catalyst activity; Catalysts; Dendrimers; Enzyme kinetics; Fick's laws; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Gold; High resolution transmission electron microscopy; Metal nanoparticles; Nanoparticles; Particle size; Phenols; Spectrophotometry; Synthesis (chemical); 4-Nitrophenol; Dendrimer encapsulated nanoparticles; Electron dispersion x-ray analysis; Infrared spectrophotometry; Langmuir-Hinshelwood; Langmuir-Hinshelwood models; Silver and gold nanoparticles; UV-visible spectrophotometry; Silver; Silver	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62249098547	Coefficient shifts in geographical ecology: An empirical evaluation of spatial and non-spatial regression	Bini L.M., Diniz-Filho J.A.F., Rangel T.F.L.V.B., Akre T.S.B., Albaladejo R.G., Albuquerque F.S., Aparicio A., Araújo M.B., Baselga A., Beck J., Bellocq M.I., Böhning-Gaese K., Borges P.A.V., Castro-Parga I., Chey V.K., Chown S.L., De Marco Jr. P., Dobkin	2009	Ecography	32	2	10.1111/j.1600-0587.2009.05717.x	Depto de Biologia Geral, ICB, Univ. Federal de Goias, CP 131, 74001-970 Goiania, GO, Brazil; Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States; Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood Univ., Farmville, VA 23909, United States; Depto de Biologia Vegetal y Ecologia, Univ. de Sevilla, c/Prof. Garcia Gonzalez no 2, ES-41012 Sevilla, Spain; Depto de Ecologia, Univ. de Alcala, ES-28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Depto de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), ES-28006 Madrid, Spain; Dept of Environmental Sciences, Inst. of Biogeography, Univ. of Basel, St.Johanns-Vorstadt 10, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; Depto de Ecologia, Genetica y Evolucio, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria Pab. 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Inst. fur Zoologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Univ. Mainz, Becherweg 13, DE-55099 Mainz, Germany; Depto de Ciencias Agrarias, Univ. dos Acores, CITA A (Azorean Biodiversity Group), Terra Cha, PT- 9700-851 Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Acores, Portugal; Depto de Ecologia C/Darwin 2, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain; Entomology Section, Forest Research Centre of Sabah, Sepilok, P.O. Box 1407, 90715 Sandakan, Malaysia; DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch Univ., Private Bag XI, Matieland 7602, South Africa; High Desert Ecological Research Inst., 15 S.W. Colorado Ave., Bend, OR 97702, United States; Area de Ecologia, Facultad de Biologia, Univ. de Salamanca, ES-37007 Salamanca, Spain; School of Geography, Univ. of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State St, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, United States; NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Dept of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN 47374, United States; Dept of Biology, Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON KIN 6N5, Canada; Dept of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; Depto de Ecologia y Sistematica Terrestre, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carr. Panamericana y Av. Periferico Sur s/n, San Cristobal de Chiapas 29290, Mexico; Depto de Biologia, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin 2, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain; IRD, DMPA, Museum National dHistoire Naturelle, 43 Rue Cuvier, FR-75005 Paris, France; Centro de Investigacion sobre Desertificacion (CIDE, CSIC), Apartado Oficial, ES-46470 Albal, Valencia, Spain; Research and Collections Center, Illinois State Museum, 1011 East Ash Street, Springfield, IL 62703, United States; Center for Macroecology, Dept of Biology, Univ. of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratorio Ecotono, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina; Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States; UNIFOB Global, Univ. of Bergen, NO-5015 Bergen, Norway; Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States	Bini, L.M., Depto de Biologia Geral, ICB, Univ. Federal de Goias, CP 131, 74001-970 Goiania, GO, Brazil; Diniz-Filho, J.A.F., Depto de Biologia Geral, ICB, Univ. Federal de Goias, CP 131, 74001-970 Goiania, GO, Brazil; Rangel, T.F.L.V.B., Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Longwood Univ., Farmville, VA 23909, United States; Akre, T.S.B., Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States; Albaladejo, R.G., Depto de Biologia Vegetal y Ecologia, Univ. de Sevilla, c/Prof. Garcia Gonzalez no 2, ES-41012 Sevilla, Spain; Albuquerque, F.S., Depto de Ecologia, Univ. de Alcala, ES-28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Aparicio, A., Depto de Biologia Vegetal y Ecologia, Univ. de Sevilla, c/Prof. Garcia Gonzalez no 2, ES-41012 Sevilla, Spain; Araújo, M.B., Depto de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), ES-28006 Madrid, Spain; Baselga, A., Depto de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), ES-28006 Madrid, Spain; Beck, J., Dept of Environmental Sciences, Inst. of Biogeography, Univ. of Basel, St.Johanns-Vorstadt 10, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; Bellocq, M.I., Depto de Ecologia, Genetica y Evolucio, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria Pab. 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Böhning-Gaese, K., Inst. fur Zoologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Univ. Mainz, Becherweg 13, DE-55099 Mainz, Germany; Borges, P.A.V., Depto de Ciencias Agrarias, Univ. dos Acores, CITA A (Azorean Biodiversity Group), Terra Cha, PT- 9700-851 Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Acores, Portugal; Castro-Parga, I., Depto de Ecologia C/Darwin 2, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain; Chey, V.K., Entomology Section, Forest Research Centre of Sabah, Sepilok, P.O. Box 1407, 90715 Sandakan, Malaysia; Chown, S.L., DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch Univ., Private Bag XI, Matieland 7602, South Africa; De Marco Jr., P., Depto de Biologia Geral, ICB, Univ. Federal de Goias, CP 131, 74001-970 Goiania, GO, Brazil; Dobkin, D.S., High Desert Ecological Research Inst., 15 S.W. Colorado Ave., Bend, OR 97702, United States; Ferrer-Castán, D., Area de Ecologia, Facultad de Biologia, Univ. de Salamanca, ES-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Field, R., School of Geography, Univ. of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; Filloy, J., Depto de Ecologia, Genetica y Evolucio, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria Pab. 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Fleishman, E., National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State St, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, United States; Gómez, J.F., Depto de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), ES-28006 Madrid, Spain; Hortal, J., NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Iverson, J.B., Dept of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN 47374, United States; Kerr, J.T., Dept of Biology, Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON KIN 6N5, Canada; Kissling, W.D., Inst. fur Zoologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Univ. Mainz, Becherweg 13, DE-55099 Mainz, Germany; Kitching, I.J., Dept of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; León-Cortés, J.L., Depto de Ecologia y Sistematica Terrestre, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carr. Panamericana y Av. Periferico Sur s/n, San Cristobal de Chiapas 29290, Mexico; Lobo, J.M., Depto de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), ES-28006 Madrid, Spain; Montoya, D., Depto de Ecologia, Univ. de Alcala, ES-28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Morales-Castilla, I., Depto de Ecologia, Univ. de Alcala, ES-28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Moreno, J.C., Depto de Biologia, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin 2, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain; Oberdorff, T., IRD, DMPA, Museum National dHistoire Naturelle, 43 Rue Cuvier, FR-75005 Paris, France; Olalla-Tárraga, M.A., Depto de Ecologia, Univ. de Alcala, ES-28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Pausas, J.G., Centro de Investigacion sobre Desertificacion (CIDE, CSIC), Apartado Oficial, ES-46470 Albal, Valencia, Spain; Qian, H., Research and Collections Center, Illinois State Museum, 1011 East Ash Street, Springfield, IL 62703, United States; Rahbek, C., Center for Macroecology, Dept of Biology, Univ. of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Rodríguez, M.A., Depto de Ecologia, Univ. de Alcala, ES-28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Rueda, M., Depto de Ecologia, Univ. de Alcala, ES-28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Ruggiero, A., Laboratorio Ecotono, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina; Sackmann, P., Laboratorio Ecotono, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina; Sanders, N.J., Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States; Terribile, L.C., Depto de Biologia Geral, ICB, Univ. Federal de Goias, CP 131, 74001-970 Goiania, GO, Brazil; Vetaas, O.R., UNIFOB Global, Univ. of Bergen, NO-5015 Bergen, Norway; Hawkins, B.A., Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States	A major focus of geographical ecology and macroecology is to understand the causes of spatially structured ecological patterns. However, achieving this understanding can be complicated when using multiple regression, because the relative importance of explanatory variables, as measured by regression coefficients, can shift depending on whether spatially explicit or non-spatial modeling is used. However, the extent to which coefficients may shift and why shifts occur are unclear. Here, we analyze the relationship between environmental predictors and the geographical distribution of species richness, body size, range size and abundance in 97 multi-factorial data sets. Our goal was to compare standardized partial regression coefficients of non-spatial ordinary least squares regressions (i.e. models fitted using ordinary least squares without taking autocorrelation into account; "OLS models" hereafter) and eight spatial methods to evaluate the frequency of coefficient shifts and identify characteristics of data that might predict when shifts are likely. We generated three metrics of coefficient shifts and eight characteristics of the data sets as predictors of shifts. Typical of ecological data, spatial autocorrelation in the residuals of OLS models was found in most data sets. The spatial models varied in the extent to which they minimized residual spatial autocorrelation. Patterns of coefficient shifts also varied among methods and datasets, although the magnitudes of shifts tended to be small in all cases. We were unable to identify strong predictors of shifts, including the levels of autocorrelation in either explanatory variables or model residuals. Thus, changes in coefficients between spatial and non-spatial methods depend on the method used and are largely idiosyncratic, making it difficult to predict when or why shifts occur. We conclude that the ecological importance of regression coefficients cannot be evaluated with confidence irrespective of whether spatially explicit modelling is used or not. Researchers may have little choice but to be more explicit about the uncertainty of models and more cautious in their interpretation. © 2009 Ecography.	None	abundance; body size; data set; least squares method; macroecology; range size; regression analysis; species richness	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899501565	Does information and communication technologies contribute to organization performance? Evidence from Nigerian universities	Binuyo A.O., Brevis-Landsberg T.	2014	Problems and Perspectives in Management	12	1	None	Department of Business Management, College of Economics and Management Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa	Binuyo, A.O., Department of Business Management, College of Economics and Management Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa; Brevis-Landsberg, T., Department of Business Management, College of Economics and Management Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa	This study assessed the relationship between ICT investments in relation to organizational performance with specific focus on knowledge-imbibed organizations - universities. The study focusses on drawing possible relationships between ICT investment and ICT cost efficiency and, various indicators of organization performance such as return on capital employed, net profit margin and return on assets. The study uses data generated from the annual report of 37 universities in South West Nigeria over the period between 2001 and 2010 in dynamic panel environment. Controlling for structural differences and time-varying dynamics among these universities, the analyses show varying effects of ICT investment on performance. The findings indicate that ICT investment and ICT cost efficiency have positive and significant relationship with performance indicators. The study recommends that ICT investment should be guided in order to stimulate organizational performance. © Adekunle Oluwole Binuyo, Tersia Brevis-Landsberg, 2014.	Firm performance; ICT cost efficiency; ICT investment; Resource-based theory; South West Nigeria; University business unit	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943821329	The impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on commercial bank performance: Evidence from South Africa	Binuyo A.O., Aregbeshola R.A.	2014	Problems and Perspectives in Management	12	3	None	South Africa	Binuyo, A.O., South Africa; Aregbeshola, R.A., South Africa	This paper contributes to the ongoing debate regarding the contribution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to firm's performance. As the ICT impact on bank performance is beyond the scope pf most similar studies, this study further investigates the impact of Information and Communication Technology Cost Efficiency (ICTCE) on the performance of banks as well. The study assessed the impact of ICT on the performance of South African banking industry using annual data over the period 1990-2012 published by Bankscope - World banking information source. Data analysis is carried out in a dynamic panel environment using the orthogonal transformation approach. The robustness of the results was affirmed by residual cointegration regression analysis using both Pedroni and Kao methods. The findings of the study indicated that the use of ICT increases return on capital employed as well as return on assets of the South African banking industry. The study discovers that more of the contribution to performance comes from information and communication technology cost efficiency compared to investment in information and communication technology. The study recommends that banks emphasize policies that will enhance proper utilization of existing ICT equipment rather than additional investments. © Adekunle Oluwole Binuyo, Rafiu Adewale Aregbeshola, 2014.	Bank; Information and communication technology cost efficiency; Performance; Return on assets; Return on capital employed; South Africa	None	None
None	None	Effect of paying for performance on utilisation, quality, and user costs of health services in Tanzania: A controlled before and after study	Binyaruka P., Patouillard E., Powell-Jackson T., Greco G., Maestad O., Borghi J.	2015	PLoS ONE	10	8	10.1371/journal.pone.0135013	Ifakara Health Institute, Plot 463, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Chr. Michelsens Institutt, Jekteviksbakken 31, Bergen, Norway	Binyaruka, P., Ifakara Health Institute, Plot 463, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Patouillard, E., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Powell-Jackson, T., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Greco, G., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Maestad, O., Chr. Michelsens Institutt, Jekteviksbakken 31, Bergen, Norway; Borghi, J., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Background: Despite widespread implementation across Africa, there is limited evidence of the effect of payment for performance (P4P) schemes in low income countries on the coverage of quality services and affordability, consistent with universal health coverage objectives. We examined the effect of a government P4P scheme on utilisation, quality, and user costs of health services in Tanzania. Methods: We evaluated the effects of a P4P scheme on utilisation of all maternal and child immunization services targeted by the scheme, and non-targeted general outpatient service use.We also evaluated effects on patient satisfaction with care and clinical content of antenatal care, and user costs. The evaluation was done in 150 facilities across all 7 intervention districts and 4 comparison districts with two rounds of data collection over 13-months in January 2012 and February 2013. We sampled 3000 households of women who had delivered in the 12 months prior to interview; 1500 patients attending health facilities for targeted and non-targeted services at each round of data collection. Difference-in-difference regression analysis was employed. Findings: We estimated a significant positive effect on two out of eight targeted indicators. There was an 8.2% (95% CI: 3.6% to 12.8%) increase in coverage of institutional deliveries among women in the intervention area, and a 10.3%(95% CI: 4.4% to 16.1%) increase in the provision of anti-malarials during pregnancy. Use of non-targeted services reduced at dispensaries by 57.5 visits per month among children under five (95% CI: -110.2 to -4.9) and by 90.8 visits per month for those aged over five (95% CI: -156.5 to -25.2). There was no evidence of an effect of P4P on patient experience of care for targeted services. There was a 0.05 (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.10) increase in the patient satisfaction score for non-targeted services. P4P was associated with a 5.0% reduction in those paying out of pocket for deliveries (95% CI: -9.3% to -0.7%) but there was no evidence of an effect on the average amount paid. Conclusion: This study adds to the very limited evidence on the effects of P4P at scale and highlights the potential risks of such schemes in relation to non-targeted service use. Further consideration of the design of P4P schemes is required to enhance progress towards universal health coverage, and close monitoring of effects on non-targeted services and user costs should be encouraged. © 2015 Binyaruka et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.	None	Africa; Article; controlled study; health care cost; health care delivery; health care facility; health care quality; health care utilization; health insurance; health service; human; immunization; major clinical study; outpatient care; patient satisfaction; performance; prenatal care; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910086828	The strength of organisational culture: Organisational performance in South African schools	Bipath K., Adeyemo K.S.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	23	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p2405	University of Pretoria, South Africa	Bipath, K., University of Pretoria, South Africa; Adeyemo, K.S., University of Pretoria, South Africa	One of the more frequently cited cultural dimensions within the field of cultural research is that of cultural strength (Cameron & Ettington, 1998). Early published works on organisational culture argue that there is an absolute need for a “strong” culture for organisations to be effective. This study has examined the contradiction between the strong school culture and academic performance in Mpumalanga Province under the Bantu Education (DET) school system. The aim of the research was to examine the dynamics of school culture strength (measured as values and norms); leadership; and the organisational performance of schools. A quantitative research approach was used. A total of 1130 questionnaires were completed by principals, School Management Team (SMT) members and educators. The findings show that the schools in Mpumalanga had a strong organisational culture, yet their performance was the lowest of all the provinces in South Africa. The paper argues: Mpumalanga schools should deconstruct their original organisational culture paradigms which evolved out of the DET system of education and that they should reconstruct their organisational cultures with renewed energy and enthusiasm for a better educated generation in the future. © 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved.	Mpumalanga; Organizational culture; Performance; Principal; School; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910610345	Impact of co-infections and BCG immunisation on immune responses Among household contacts of tuberculosis patients in a ugandan cohort	Biraro I.A., Egesa M., Toulza F., Levin J., Cose S., Joloba M., Smith S., Dockrell H.M., Katamba A., Elliott A.M.	2014	PLoS ONE	9	11	10.1371/journal.pone.0111517	College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Biraro, I.A., College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Egesa, M., College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Toulza, F., Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Levin, J., Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda; Cose, S., Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Joloba, M., College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Smith, S., Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Dockrell, H.M., Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Katamba, A., College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Elliott, A.M., Medical Research Council, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Background: Tuberculosis incidence in resource poor countries remains high. We hypothesized that immune modulating co-infections such as helminths, malaria, and HIV increase susceptibility to latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), thereby contributing to maintaining the tuberculosis epidemic.Methods: Adults with sputum-positive tuberculosis (index cases) and their eligible household contacts (HHCs) were recruited to a cohort study between May 2011 and January 2012. HHCs were investigated for helminths, malaria, and HIV at enrolment. HHCs were tested using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFN) assay at enrolment and six months later. Overnight whole blood culture supernatants from baseline QFN assays were analyzed for cytokine responses using an 11-plex Luminex assay. Associations between outcomes (LTBI or cytokine responses) and exposures (co-infections and other risk factors) were examined using multivariable logistic and linear regression models.Results: We enrolled 101 index cases and 291 HHCs. Among HHCs, baseline prevalence of helminths was 9% (25/291), malaria 16% (47/291), HIV 6% (16/291), and LTBI 65% (179/277). Adjusting for other risk factors and household clustering, there was no association between LTBI and any co-infection at baseline or at six months: adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval (CI); p-value) at baseline for any helminth, 1.01 (0.39-2.66; 0.96); hookworm, 2.81 (0.56-14.14; 0.20); malaria, 1.06 (0.48-2.35; 0.87); HIV, 0.74 (0.22-2.47; 0.63). HHCs with LTBI had elevated cytokine responses to tuberculosis antigens but co-infections had little effect on cytokine responses. Exploring other risk factors, Th1 cytokines among LTBI-positive HHCs with BCG scars were greatly reduced compared to those without scars: (adjusted geometric mean ratio) IFNc 0.20 (0.09-0.42), <0.0001; IL-20.34 (0.20-0.59), <0.0001; and TNFa 0.36 (0.16-0.79), 0.01.Conclusions: We found no evidence that co-infections increase the risk of LTBI, or influence the cytokine response profile among those with LTBI. Prior BCG exposure may reduce Th1 cytokine responses in LTBI. © 2014 Biraro et al.	None	gamma interferon; interleukin 10; interleukin 13; interleukin 17; interleukin 2; interleukin 22; interleukin 5; tumor necrosis factor alpha; BCG vaccine; cytokine; adult; Article; BCG vaccination; bioassay; cohort analysis; cytokine response; disease predisposition; female; helminth; hookworm; household; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune response; latent tuberculosis; longitudinal study; major clinical study; malaria; male; mixed infection; observational study; prevalence; risk factor; tuberculosis; Uganda; adolescent; child; epidemiology; follow up; helminthiasis; HIV Infections; immunization; immunology; incidence; latent tuberculosis; malaria; preschool child; transmission; tuberculosis; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; BCG Vaccine; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Coinfection; Cytokines; Epidemiologic Factors; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Helminthiasis; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunization; Incidence; Latent Tuberculosis; Malaria; Male; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Tuberculosis; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78751648406	Performance of commercial herpes simplex virus type-2 antibody tests using serum samples from Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis	Biraro S., Mayaud P., Morrow R.A., Grosskurth H., Weiss H.A.	2011	Sexually Transmitted Diseases	38	2	10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181f0bafb	Medical Research Council (MRC), Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States	Biraro, S., Medical Research Council (MRC), Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, United Kingdom; Mayaud, P., Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Morrow, R.A., Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Grosskurth, H., Medical Research Council (MRC), Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, PO Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda, MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, United Kingdom; Weiss, H.A., MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, United Kingdom	Background: Several commercial type-specific serologic tests are available for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Poor specificity of some tests has been reported on samples from sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: To summarize the performance of the tests using samples from sub-Saharan Africa, we conducted a systematic review of publications reporting performance of commercially available HSV-2 tests against a gold standard (Western Blot or monoclonal antibody-blocking EIA). We used random-effects meta-analyses to summarize sensitivity and specificity of the 2 most commonly evaluated tests, Kalon gG2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Focus HerpeSelect HSV-2 ELISA. Results: We identified 10 eligible articles that included 21 studies of the performance of Focus, and 12 of Kalon. The primary analyses included studies using the manufacturersÊ cut-offs (index value = 1.1). Focus had high sensitivity (random effects summary estimate 99%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 99%-100%) but low specificity (69%, 95% CI: 59%-80%). Kalon had sensitivity of 95% (95% CI: 93%-97%) and specificity of 91% (95% CI: 86%-95%). Specificity of Focus was significantly lower (P = 0.002) among HIV-positive (54%, 95% CI: 40%-68%) than HIV-negative individuals (69%, 95% CI: 56%-82%). When the cut-off optical density index was increased above the recommended value of 1.1 to between 2.2 and 3.5, the specificity of Focus increased to 85% (95% CI: 77%-92%). Conclusions: Sensitivity and specificity of HSV-2 tests used in sub-Saharan Africa vary by setting, and are lower than reported from studies in the United States and Europe. Increasing the cut-off optical density index may improve test performance. Evaluation of test performance in a given setting may help deciding which test is most appropriate. Copyright © 2011 American Sexually Transmitted Diseases All rights reserved.	None	immunoglobulin G2; monoclonal antibody; virus antibody; Africa; article; blood sampling; diagnostic test accuracy study; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; Europe; gold standard; Herpes simplex virus 2; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; immunoassay; meta analysis; publication; sensitivity and specificity; systematic review; task performance; United States; Western blotting; Africa South of the Sahara; Antibodies, Viral; Blotting, Western; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Europe; Herpes Genitalis; Herpesvirus 2, Human; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Serologic Tests; United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876884028	Physico-chemical impacts of terrestrial alien vegetation on temporary wetlands in a sclerophyllous Sand fynbos ecosystem	Bird M.S., Day J.A., Rebelo A.J.	2013	Hydrobiologia	711	1	10.1007/s10750-013-1470-4	Freshwater Research, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Bird, M.S., Freshwater Research, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Day, J.A., Freshwater Research, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Rebelo, A.J., Freshwater Research, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Temporary depression wetlands form a characteristic feature of the wet-season landscape in the south-western Cape region of South Africa, yet they remain largely unstudied. We hypothesized that the loss of sclerophyllous Sand fynbos habitat around these temporary wetlands causes in-wetland physico-chemical changes. We expected to observe a decrease in the concentration of humic substances in wetlands and a corresponding rise in surface water pH as fynbos cover decreases around wetlands, in this case owing to alien vegetation invasion. A set of 12 differentially invaded temporary depression wetlands within a Sand fynbos ecosystem in Cape Town were repeatedly sampled during the 2009 wet season. Multivariate gradient analysis techniques revealed associations between fynbos cover bordering wetlands and various physico-chemical and biotope constituents within wetlands. Univariate linear regression models reported strong and temporally consistent negative relationships between terrestrial fynbos vegetation cover and wetland pH and positive relationships with humic content. Results indicate that replacement of Sand fynbos with alien vegetation causes a reduction of humic input to wetlands, which in turn has knock-on effects on other wetland environmental constituents such as pH. These findings are expected to be applicable to any wetland where surrounding humic-rich sclerophyllous vegetation is replaced by a non-sclerophyllous agent. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Alien vegetation; Environmental conditions; Habitat transformation; Temporary wetlands	biological invasion; biotope; environmental conditions; fynbos; habitat loss; habitat quality; humic substance; invasive species; pH; physicochemical property; regression analysis; vegetation cover; vegetation dynamics; wetland; Cape Town; South Africa; Western Cape	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944448595	In vivo antimalarial evaluation of some 2,3-disubstituted-4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives	Birhan Y.S., Bekhit A.A., Hymete A.	2015	BMC Research Notes	8	1	10.1186/s13104-015-1578-x	Department of Chemistry, Natural and Computational Sciences College, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Birhan, Y.S., Department of Chemistry, Natural and Computational Sciences College, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia; Bekhit, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Hymete, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Background: Malaria is a neglected tropical parasitic disease affecting billons of people around the globe. Though the number of cases and deaths associated with malaria are decreasing in recent years, it is the most deadly disease in the world. This study aimed at investigating the in vivo antimalarial activities of some 2,3-disubstituted-4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives. Results: The in vivo antimalarial activities of the test compounds (6-9 and 11-13) were investigated using the 4-day suppressive standard test in mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain. The tested compounds showed significant antimalarial activities with mean percentage suppression of 43.71-72.86 % which is significantly higher than the negative control group (p < 0.05). Compounds 12 and 13 displayed better antimalarial activities from the group with mean percentage suppression of 67.60 and 72.86 % respectively. Conclusion: The tested compounds showed significant in vivo antimalarial activities in mice infected with P. berghi ANKA strain. Thus, 3-aryl-2-(substitutedstyryl)-4(3H)-quinazolinones represent a possible scaffold for the development of antimalarial agents. © 2015 Birhan et al.	Malaria; Quinazolinones	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941279506	The impact of learning by thought on violations of independence and coalescing	Birnbaum M.H., Schmidt U.	2015	Decision Analysis	12	3	10.1287/deca.2015.0316	Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States; Department of Economics, University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, Kiel, Germany; Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany; Department of Economics and Econometrics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Birnbaum, M.H., Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States; Schmidt, U., Department of Economics, University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, Kiel, Germany, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, Germany, Department of Economics and Econometrics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	This paper reports results from a repeated experiment on decision making under risk where subjects must address the same choice problems in several rounds. We investigate how behavior changes in the course of the experiment. The design focuses on choice problems allowing for direct tests of independence and coalescing. We show that inconsistencies in responses as well as violations of independence and coalescing decrease from earlier to later rounds. Our results provide evidence in favor of expected utility in conjunction with the discovered preference hypothesis. © 2015 INFORMS.	Coalescing; Errors; Experiment; Independence axiom; Splitting effects	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-56049084663	Impact of body weight on performance of a weight-supported motor fitness test in men	Bishop P.A., Crowder T.A., Fielitz L.R., Lindsay T.R., Woods A.K.	2008	Military Medicine	173	11	None	Kinesiology Department, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0312, United States; Department of Physical Education, U.S. Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, United States; Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Newlands 7725, South Africa	Bishop, P.A., Kinesiology Department, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0312, United States; Crowder, T.A., Department of Physical Education, U.S. Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, United States; Fielitz, L.R., Department of Physical Education, U.S. Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, United States; Lindsay, T.R., Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Newlands 7725, South Africa; Woods, A.K., Kinesiology Department, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0312, United States	The impact of body weight on test scores is a common issue in applied measurement. Dimensional analysis suggests that heavier participants are disadvantaged in weight-supported tasks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of body weight on performance scores for a military obstacle course. Three cohorts of male participants completed the Indoor Obstacle Course Test (IOCT). In cohort 1 (N = 2,191), height and weight were measured. In cohort 2 (N = 134), skinfold measurements were also performed. In cohort 3 (N = 44), all aforementioned measurements were performed, as well as upper- and lower-body tests for aerobic power, anaerobic power, muscular strength, and muscular endurance. The R2 between IOCT scores and body weight was 0.06 and that between IOCT scores and percentage of body fat was 0.08. All cohort analyses suggested that, for male subjects, body weight had only a small impact on the performance score distribution and the IOCT is fit for purpose as a fair repeatable system for assessment of physical performance. Copyright © by Association of Military Surgeons of U.S., 2008.	None	adult; aerobic capacity; anaerobic capacity; article; body fat; body height; body weight; cohort analysis; fitness; human; human experiment; male; motor performance; muscle exercise; muscle strength; outcome assessment; scoring system; skinfold thickness; Adult; Body Weight; Cohort Studies; Exercise; Exercise Test; Humans; Male; Motor Activity; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Physical Endurance; Physical Fitness; Statistics as Topic; Task Performance and Analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44449123557	Pharmacy refill adherence compared with CD4 count changes for monitoring HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy	Bisson G.P., Gross R., Bellamy S., Chittams J., Hislop M., Regensberg L., Frank I., Maartens G., Nachega J.B.	2008	PLoS Medicine	5	5	10.1371/journal.pmed.0050109	Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Aid for AIDS Disease Management Programme, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Center for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States	Bisson, G.P., Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Gross, R., Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Bellamy, S., Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Chittams, J., Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Hislop, M., Aid for AIDS Disease Management Programme, Cape Town, South Africa; Regensberg, L., Aid for AIDS Disease Management Programme, Cape Town, South Africa; Frank, I., Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Maartens, G., Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Nachega, J.B., Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Center for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States	Background: World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for monitoring HIV-infected individuals taking combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in resource-limited settings recommend using CD4+ T cell (CD4) count changes to monitor treatment effectiveness. In practice, however, falling CD4 counts are a consequence, rather than a cause, of virologic failure. Adherence lapses precede virologic failure and, unlike CD4 counts, data on adherence are immediately available to all clinics dispensing cART. However, the accuracy of adherence assessments for predicting future or detecting current virologic failure has not been determined. The goal of this study therefore was to determine the accuracy of adherence assessments for predicting and detecting virologic failure and to compare the accuracy of adherence-based monitoring approaches with approaches monitoring CD4 count changes. Methodology and Findings: We conducted an observational cohort study among 1,982 of 4,984 (40%) HIV-infected adults initiating non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based cART in the Aid for AIDS Disease Management Program, which serves nine countries in southern Africa. Pharmacy refill adherence was calculated as the number of months of cART claims submitted divided by the number of complete months between cART initiation and the last refill prior to the endpoint of interest, expressed as a percentage. The main outcome measure was virologic failure defined as a viral load &gt; 1,000 copies/ml (1) at an initial assessment either 6 or 12 mo after cART initiation and (2) after a previous undetectable (i.e., &lt; 400 copies/ml) viral load (breakthrough viremia). Adherence levels outperformed CD4 count changes when used to detect current virologic failure in the first year after cART initiation (area under the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curves [AUC] were 0.79 and 0.68 [difference = 0.11; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.16; χ2 = 20.1] respectively at 6 mo, and 0.85 and 0.75 [difference = 0.10; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.14; χ2 = 20.2] respectively at 12 mo; p &lt; 0.001 for both comparisons). When used to detect current breakthrough viremia, adherence and CD4 counts were equally accurate (AUCs of 0.68 versus 0.67, respectively [difference = 0.01; 95% CI -0.06 to 0.07]; χ2 = 0.1, p &gt; 0.5). In addition, adherence levels assessed 3 mo prior to viral load assessments were as accurate for virologic failure occurring approximately 3 mo later as were CD4 count changes calculated from cART initiation to the actual time of the viral load assessments, indicating the potential utility of adherence assessments for predicting future, rather than simply detecting current, virologic failure. Moreover, combinations of CD4 count and adherence data appeared useful in identifying patients at very low risk of virologic failure. Conclusions: Pharmacy refill adherence assessments were as accurate as CD4 counts for detecting current virologic failure in this cohort of patients on cART and have the potential to predict virologic failure before it occurs. Approaches to cART scale-up in resource-limited settings should include an adherence-based monitoring approach. © 2008 Bisson et al.	None	didanosine; efavirenz plus lamivudine plus zidovudine; lamivudine plus nevirapine plus zidovudine; RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor; stavudine; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; accuracy; adult; area under the curve; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; cohort analysis; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; observational study; outcome assessment; patient compliance; patient monitoring; pharmacy; roc curve; treatment failure; viremia; virus load; aged; CD4+ T lymphocyte; cytology; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; lymphocyte count; middle aged; predictive value; prescription; statistics; Adult; Aged; Anti-HIV Agents; Area Under Curve; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Drug Prescriptions; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Lymphocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Compliance; Pharmacies; Predictive Value of Tests	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956305713	Milk yield and calf growth performance of cattle under partial suckling system at Andassa Livestock Research Centre, North West Ethiopia	Bitew A., Taye M., Kebede A., Mekuriaw G., Tassew A., Mulugeta T., Goshu G.	2010	Livestock Research for Rural Development	22	8	None	Andassa Livestock Research Centre, P.O.Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Bahir Dar University, P.O.Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; ANRS, Food Security Coordination and Disaster Prevention Office, P.O.Box 497, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O.Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Bitew, A., Andassa Livestock Research Centre, P.O.Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Taye, M., Andassa Livestock Research Centre, P.O.Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Kebede, A., Andassa Livestock Research Centre, P.O.Box 27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Mekuriaw, G., Bahir Dar University, P.O.Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Tassew, A., Bahir Dar University, P.O.Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Mulugeta, T., ANRS, Food Security Coordination and Disaster Prevention Office, P.O.Box 497, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Goshu, G., Addis Ababa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O.Box 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia	Milk yield and calf growth performance of cattle under partial suckling system were studied at Andassa Livestock Research Centre from 2002-2008. The results of the study showed that mean partial lactation and daily milk yield of Fogera cows was 291 and 0.99 kg, respectively. Parity of cow and year of calving significantly affected both partial lactation and daily milk yield, while season of calving had no significant effect on both parameters. The mean lactation length was 292 days. Season of calving, parity of cow and year of calving significantly affected lactation length. Linear relationship between partial lactation milk yield and lactation length was observed. The overall mean birth weight obtained in the current study was 22.7 kg. Birth weight was significantly affected by breed of calf and birth year. The overall mean weights (kg) of calf at one month, three months, six months, nine months and at one year of age were 40.7, 56.5, 80.4, 121 and 120 kg, respectively. Weight at one month was significantly affected by all the fixed effects considered. The weights at three and six months of age were significantly affected by breed of calf and year of birth only. The overall mean daily body weight gain (g) from birth to one month, three months, six months, nine months and one year of age were 591, 374, 321, 359 and 272, respectively. Calf growth showed a significant correlation with the length of suckling period only until six months. Results of the present study showed that milk yield data generated through partial hand milking (two teats) revealed the existence of variability within the herd and improvements in productivity could be achieved through long term genetic selection. Weaning of calves could be practiced at six months of age to prevent the negative effect of longer suckling time on reproduction performance of the dam so as to increase calf crop productivity. Milk yield and calf growth performance of Fogera cattle and their crossbred under improved nutrition needs to be studied.	Calf crop; Fogera cattle; Hand milking; Partial lactation yield	Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858316120	Evaluation of high-resolution satellite rainfall products through streamflow simulation in a hydrological modeling of a small mountainous watershed in Ethiopia	Bitew M.M., Gebremichael M., Ghebremichael L.T., Bayissa Y.A.	2012	Journal of Hydrometeorology	13	1	10.1175/2011JHM1292.1	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Rubenstein School of Environmental Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States; Department of Civil Engineering, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Bitew, M.M., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Gebremichael, M., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States; Ghebremichael, L.T., Rubenstein School of Environmental Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States; Bayissa, Y.A., Department of Civil Engineering, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	This study focuses on evaluating four widely used global high-resolution satellite rainfall products [the Climate Prediction Center's morphing technique (CMORPH) product, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) near-real-time product (3B42RT), the TMPA method post-real-time research version product (3B42), and the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN) product] with a spatial resolution of 0.25° and temporal resolution of 3 h through their streamflow simulations in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrologic model of a 299-km 2 mountainous watershed in Ethiopia. Results show significant biases in the satellite rainfall estimates. The 3B42RT and CMORPH products perform better than the 3B42 and PERSIANN. The predictive ability of each of the satellite rainfall was examined using a SWAT model calibrated in two different approaches: with rain gauge rainfall as input, and with each of the satellite rainfall products as input. Significant improvements in model streamflow simulations are obtained when the model is calibrated with input-specific rainfall data than with rain gauge data. Calibrating SWAT with satellite rainfall estimates results in curve number values that are by far higher than the standard tabulated values, and therefore caution must be exercised when using standard tabulated parameter values with satellite rainfall inputs. The study also reveals that bias correction of satellite rainfall estimates significantly improves the model simulations. The best-performing model simulations based on satellite rainfall inputs are obtained after bias correction and model recalibration. © 2012 American Meteorological Society.	Africa; Hydrologic models; Rainfall; Satellite observations; Streamflow	calibration; hydrological modeling; numerical model; parameterization; precipitation intensity; raingauge; satellite imagery; spatial resolution; streamflow; temporal variation; TRMM; watershed; Ethiopia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-61549097533	Macroeconomic performance and inequality: Brazil, 1983-94	Bittencourt M.	2009	Developing Economies	47	1	10.1111/j.1746-1049.2009.00075.x	School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Bittencourt, M., School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	We examine how poor macroeconomic performance, mainly in terms of high rates of inflation, affected earnings inequality in the 1980s and early 1990s in Brazil. The results, based initially on aggregate time series, and then on sub-national panel time-series data and analysis, show that the extreme inflation, combined with an imperfect process of financial adaptation and incomplete indexation coverage, had a regressive and significant impact on inequality. The implication of the results is that sound macroeconomic policies, which keep inflation low and stable in the long run, should be a necessary first step of any policy package implemented to alleviate inequality in Brazil. © Journal compilation © 2009 Institute of Developing Economies.	Brazil; Financial adaptation; Indexation; Inequality; Inflation	financial system; inflation; macroeconomics; time series analysis; Brazil; South America	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84948807634	Dyspepsia prevalence and impact on quality of life among Rwandan healthcare workers: A cross-sectional survey	Bitwayiki R., Orikiiriza J.T., Kateera F., Bihizimana P., Karenzi B., Kyamanywa P., Walke T.D.	2015	South African Medical Journal	105	12	10.7196/SAMJ.2015.v105i12.9482	University Teaching Hospital, Butare, Rwanda; School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda; Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda; Infectious Diseases Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland	Bitwayiki, R., University Teaching Hospital, Butare, Rwanda, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda; Orikiiriza, J.T., Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda, Infectious Diseases Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; Kateera, F., Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda; Bihizimana, P., University Teaching Hospital, Butare, Rwanda, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda; Karenzi, B., Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda; Kyamanywa, P., School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda; Walke, T.D., University Teaching Hospital, Butare, Rwanda, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda	Background. Dyspepsia has been demonstrated worldwide to have major personal and societal impacts, but data on the burden of this disease in Africa are lacking. Objective. To document the prevalence of dyspepsia and its quality-of-life impact among healthcare workers (HCWs) at Butare University Teaching Hospital (BUTH), Rwanda. Methods. A cross-sectional survey among consenting HCWs at BUTH was conducted. Multilingual interviewers guided participants through validated questionnaires, including the Short-Form Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire (SF-LDQ), to detect the presence and frequency of dyspeptic symptoms, and the Short-Form Nepean Dyspepsia Index (SF-NDI), to examine the impact of dyspepsia on quality of life. Results. The study included 378 enrolled HCWs, all of whom provided responses to the SF-LDQ and 356 of whom responded to the SF-NDI. The prevalence of dyspepsia in the study population was 38.9% (147/378). Of these 147 HCWs, 79 (53.7%) had very mild dyspepsia, 33 (22.4%) had mild dyspepsia, 20 (13.6%) had moderate dyspepsia and 15 (10.2%) had severe dyspepsia. Females were more likely to complain of dyspepsia than males (98/206 v. 49/172; odds ratio (OR) 2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5 - 3.5; p<0.001). Participants with dyspepsia of at least mild severity had SF-NDI scores reflecting reduced quality of life when compared with non-dyspeptic participants (OR 17.0; 95% CI 5.0 - 57.1; p<0.001), with most marked effects on the ‘tension’ and ‘eating and drinking’ subdomains of the SF-NDI. Conclusion. The prevalence of dyspepsia among HCWs in Rwanda is high and is associated with lowered quality of life. © 2015, South African Medical Association. All rights reserved.	Africa; Dyspepsia; Healthcare workers; Quality of life	adult; Article; cross-sectional study; dyspepsia; female; health care personnel; heartburn; human; indigestion; major clinical study; male; middle aged; nausea; prevalence; quality of life; questionnaire; Rwandan	None
WoS	WOS:000295535500012	Efficient monitoring of HIV-1 vertically infected children in Kenya on first-line antiretroviral therapy	Bi, Xiuqiong,Ichimura, Hiroshi,Ishizaki, Azumi,Lihana, Raphael W.,Lwembe, Raphael M.,Musoke, Rachel,Ochieng, Washingtone,Okoth, Frederick A.,Owens, Mary,Palakudy, Tresa,Panikulam, Annie,Songok, Elijah M.	2011	JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY	52	2	10.1016/j.jcv.2011.06.014	Kanazawa University, University of Nairobi, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nyumbani Childrens Home	"Bi, Xiuqiong: Kanazawa University","Ichimura, Hiroshi: Kanazawa University","Ishizaki, Azumi: Kanazawa University","Musoke, Rachel: University of Nairobi",	Background: Worldwide access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low- and middle-income countries has significantly increased. Although this presents better treatment options for HIV-infected individuals, the challenge of monitoring ART in these settings still remains. Objective: To investigate efficient and cost-effective criteria for assessing ART failure among HIV-1-infected children on first-line ART in resource-limited settings. Study design: Retrospective analysis of 75 HIV-1 vertically infected Kenyan children with a follow-up period of 24 months after initiating ART. Plasma viral load, peripheral CD4(+)T-cell counts and HIV-1 drug-resistance mutations were monitored biannually. Results: Plasma viral load (VL) was suppressed to undetectable level or more than 1.5 log(10) from baseline levels in 53 (70.7%) children within 24 months. VL in the remaining 22 (29.3%) children was not suppressed significantly. Of the 22 children, 21 were infected with HIV-1 strains that developed drug-resistance mutations; 9 within 12 months and 12 between 12 and 24 months. Among the 53 who were successfully treated, VL was suppressed in 33 within 12 months and in 20 between 12 and 24 months. There was no significant difference in VL at baseline and the change of CD4(+)T-cell counts after initiating ART between those treated successfully and the failure groups. Conclusion: After initiating ART, children may require longer times to achieve complete viral suppression. Plasma viral load testing 24 months after initiating ART could be used to differentiate ART failures among HIV-1 vertically infected children in resource-limited settings. Additionally, drug resistance testing, if affordable, would be helpful in identifying those failing therapy and in choosing second-line regimens. (C) 2011 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.	"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",CHILDREN,HIV-1,KENYA,"CD4 CELL COUNT","DISEASE PROGRESSION","DRUG-RESISTANCE MUTATIONS","FIXED-DOSE COMBINATION","HIV-1-INFECTED CHILDREN","IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1","RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS","REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITO	None	None
WoS	WOS:000345143900001	Impact of implementing performance-based financing on childhood malnutrition in Rwanda	Binagwaho, Agnes,Bizimana, Jean de Dieu,Condo, Jeanine,Forrest, Jamie I.,Kanters, Steve,Karema, Corine,Ngabo, Fidele,Wagner, Claire	2014	BMC PUBLIC HEALTH	14	None	10.1186/1471-2458-14-1132	Dartmouth College, Harvard University, The World Bank, University of British Columbia, University of Rwanda, Global Hlth Delivery Partnership, Govt Rwanda, RBC	"Bizimana, Jean de Dieu: The World Bank","Condo, Jeanine: University of Rwanda","Forrest, Jamie I.: University of British Columbia","Kanters, Steve: University of British Columbia",	Background: Malnutrition remains a serious concern in Rwanda, particularly among children under-5 years. Performance-based financing (PBF), an innovative health systems financing strategy, has been implemented at the national level since 2008. This study aimed to assess the impact of PBF and other factors associated with the prevalence of three classifications of malnutrition (stunting, wasting and underweight) in children under-5 years in Rwanda. Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study comprising of 713 children under five years old from 557 households, whose anthropometric measurements (height, weight and age) had been obtained as part of the 2008 Rwanda General Health and HIV household survey. Z-scores for height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-height, and body mass index-for-age were analyzed according to the World Health Organization 2006 Child Growth Standards. Random intercept logistic regression models were used to regress each anthropometric measure (WAZ, HAZ and WHZ) against child, maternal and household characteristics. Results: Child participants ranged in age from 0 to 60 months, 20.2% of children were under 12 months and 5.1% were HIV positive. The prevalence of wasting was 8.8%; of stunting was 58.4%; and of underweight status was 20.7%. Maternal emotional and social wellbeing was protective of wasting in children under-5 years of age. Living in districts implementing PBF was protective of wasting (Adjusted Odds Ratio: 0.43; 95% confidence interval: 0.19-0.97). Living in a district with PBF was not found to be associated with either stunting or underweight status among children under-5. Conclusions: PBF may have a protective association with particular forms of malnutrition among children under-5 years in Rwanda. These findings warrant further investigation in relation to the impact of implementing innovative financing schemes on health outcomes.	"CHILD HEALTH",HIV/AIDS,MALNUTRITION,"MATERNAL HEALTH","Performance-based financing",COUNTRIES,GROWTH,HEALTH,"HIGH HIV PREVALENCE",INFANTS,MORTALITY,RISK-FACTORS,UGANDA,UNDERNUTRITION,YOUNG-CHILDREN	None	None
WoS	WOS:000260014000001	Impact of training in clinical and microscopy diagnosis of childhood malaria on antimalarial drug prescription and health outcome at primary health care level in Tanzania: A randomized controlled trial	Bjorkman, Anders,Gustafsson, Lars L.,Massele, Amos Y.,Mubi, Marycelina,Ngasala, Billy,Petzold, Max G.,Premji, Zul,Tomson, Goran,Warsame, Marian	2008	MALARIA JOURNAL	7	None	10.1186/1475-2875-7-199	Karolinska Institutet, Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Nord Sch Publ Hlth	"Bjorkman, Anders: Karolinska Institutet","Gustafsson, Lars L.: Karolinska Institutet","Tomson, Goran: Karolinska Institutet","Warsame, Marian: Karolinska Institutet",	Background: Prescribing antimalarial medicines based on parasite confirmed diagnosis of malaria is critical to rational drug use and optimal outcome of febrile illness. The impact of microscopy-based versus clinical-based diagnosis of childhood malaria was assessed at primary health care (PHC) facilities using a cluster randomized controlled training intervention trial. Methods: Sixteen PHC facilities in rural Tanzania were randomly allocated to training of health staff in clinical algorithm plus microscopy (Arm-I, n = 5) or clinical algorithm only (Arm-II, n = 5) or no training (Arm-III, n = 6). Febrile under-five children presenting at these facilities were assessed, treated and scheduled for follow up visit after 7 days. Blood smears on day 0 were only done in Arm-I but on Day 7 in all arms. Primary outcome was antimalarial drug prescription. Other outcomes included antibiotic prescription and health outcome. Multilevel regression models were applied with PHC as level of clustering to compare outcomes in the three study arms. Results: A total of 973, 1,058 and 1,100 children were enrolled in arms I, II and III, respectively, during the study period. Antimalarial prescriptions were significantly reduced in Arm-I (61.3%) compared to Arms-II (95.3%) and III (99.5%) (both P &lt; 0.001), whereas antibiotic prescriptions did not vary significantly between the arms (49.9%, 54.8% and 34.2%, respectively). In Arm-I, 99.1% of children with positive blood smear readings received antimalarial prescriptions and so did 11.3% of children with negative readings. Those with positive readings were less likely to be prescribed antibiotics than those with negative (relative risk = 0.66, 95% confidence interval: 0.55, 0.72). On day 7 follow-up, more children reported symptoms in Arm-I compared to Arm-III, but fewer children had malaria parasitaemia (p = 0.049). The overall sensitivity of microscopy reading at PHC compared to reference level was 74.5% and the specificity was 59.0% but both varied widely between PHCs. Conclusion: Microscopy based diagnosis of malaria at PHC facilities reduces prescription of antimalarial drugs, and appears to improve appropriate management of non-malaria fevers, but major variation in accuracy of the microscopy readings was found. Lack of qualified laboratory technicians at PHC facilities and the relatively short training period may have contributed to the shortcomings. Trial registration: This study is registered at Clinicaltrials. gov with the identifier NCT00687895.	,ACCURACY,ALGORITHM,AREA,CASE-MANAGEMENT,CHILDREN,"COMBINATION THERAPY",ILLNESS,"INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT",KENYA,"PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000302068100001	Aligning vertical interventions to health systems: a case study of the HIV monitoring and evaluation system in South Africa	Blaauw, Duane,Fonn, Sharon,Kawonga, Mary	2012	HEALTH RESEARCH POLICY AND SYSTEMS	11	None	10.1186/1478-4505-10-3	University of Witwatersrand	"Blaauw, Duane: University of Witwatersrand","Fonn, Sharon: University of Witwatersrand","Kawonga, Mary: University of Witwatersrand"	Background: Like many low-and middle-income countries, South Africa established a dedicated HIV monitoring and evaluation (M&amp;E) system to track the national response to HIV/AIDS. Its implementation in the public health sector has however not been assessed. Since responsibility for health services management lies at the district (sub-national) level, this study aimed to assess the extent to which the HIV M&amp;E system is integrated with the overall health system M&amp;E function at district level. This study describes implementation of the HIV M&amp;E system, determines the extent to which it is integrated with the district health information system (DHIS), and evaluates factors influencing HIV M&amp;E integration. Methods: The study was conducted in one health district in South Africa. Data were collected through key informant interviews with programme and health facility managers and review of M&amp;E records at health facilities providing HIV services. Data analysis assessed the extent to which processes for HIV data collection, collation, analysis and reporting were integrated with the DHIS. Results: The HIV M&amp;E system is top-down, over-sized, and captures a significant amount of energy and resources to primarily generate antiretroviral treatment (ART) indicators. Processes for producing HIV prevention indicators are integrated with the DHIS. However processes for the production of HIV treatment indicators by-pass the DHIS and ART indicators are not disseminated to district health managers. Specific reporting requirements linked to earmarked funding, politically-driven imperatives, and mistrust of DHIS capacity are key drivers of this silo approach. Conclusions: Parallel systems that bypass the DHIS represent a missed opportunity to strengthen system-wide M&amp;E capacity. Integrating HIV M&amp;E (staff, systems and process) into the health system M&amp;E function would mobilise ear-marked HIV funding towards improving DHIS capacity to produce quality and timely HIV indicators that would benefit both programme and health system M&amp;E functions. This offers a practical way of maximising programme-system synergies and translating the health system strengthening intents of existing HIV policies into tangible action.	"HEALTH SYSTEMS",HIV,INTEGRATION,"monitoring and evaluation","vertical programme","ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT",INFORMATION-SYSTEM,INITIATIVES,MALAWI,POLICY,PUBLIC-HEALTH,STATISTICS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62449214951	Impact of intense, longitudinal retreatment with praziquantel on cure rates of schistosomiasis mansoni in a cohort of occupationally exposed adults in western Kenya	Black C.L., Steinauer M.L., Mwinzi P.N.M., Evan Secor W., Karanja D.M.S., Colley D.G.	2009	Tropical Medicine and International Health	14	4	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02234.x	Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States; Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States	Black, C.L., Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States, Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Steinauer, M.L., Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Mwinzi, P.N.M., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Evan Secor, W., Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Karanja, D.M.S., Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya; Colley, D.G., Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States	Objective: To investigate trends in the efficacy of praziquantel (PZQ) suggestive of the emergence of drug resistance against Schistosoma mansoni infection after 12.5 years of intense, repeated use in a small geographic area along the shores of Lake Victoria. Methods: As part of a longitudinal study, 178 men occupationally exposed to schistosomes were repeatedly tested for S. mansoni infection at 4- to 6-week intervals and treated with PZQ at each reinfection. We compared cure rates by year of study and examined factors associated with cure failure in a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: Overall, the cure rate after a single dose of PZQ was 66%, ranging annually from 36% to 82%. In multivariate analysis, failure to cure after 1 PZQ dose was significantly associated with high intensity of infection and having fewer previous exposures to dying worms. Even after adjustment for these factors, treatments administered in 2006 were significantly more likely to result in cure failures than treatments administered in 2004, the year in which PZQ efficacy was highest. While cure rates varied over the course of 12 years, there was no consistent downward trend towards decreased efficacy over time. In years for which malacological data were available, periods of low PZQ efficacy coincide with high rates of S. mansoni infection in nearby snail populations. Conclusion: We did not find a pattern of cure failures consistent with development of clinical resistance to PZQ in our intensely treated cohort. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Drug resistance; Praziquantel; Schistosomiasis	praziquantel; drug; drug resistance; infectious disease; multivariate analysis; numerical model; occupational exposure; population structure; regression analysis; snail; adult; article; cohort analysis; disease transmission; drug efficacy; egg; human; Kenya; longitudinal study; major clinical study; male; occupational exposure; parasite identification; parasite prevalence; repeated drug dose; Schistosoma mansoni; schistosomiasis; single drug dose; snail; treatment failure; treatment outcome; Adult; Animals; Anthelmintics; Drug Resistance; HIV Infections; Humans; Liver Diseases, Parasitic; Logistic Models; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Parasite Egg Count; Praziquantel; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa; Gastropoda; Schistosoma mansoni	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65449123866	Accelerating the health impact of the Gates Foundation	Black R.E., Bhan M.K., Chopra M., Rudan I., Victora C.G.	2009	The Lancet	373	9675	10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60886-2	Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Universidad Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil	Black, R.E., Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Bhan, M.K., All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Chopra, M., Health Systems Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Rudan, I., Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Victora, C.G., Universidad Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil	[No abstract available]	None	vaccine; article; child health; childhood disease; childhood mortality; diarrhea; financial management; funding; government; health care delivery; health care quality; health care system; health program; health service; lowest income group; malnutrition; maternal welfare; medical research; non profit organization; oral rehydration therapy; pneumonia; priority journal; Child; Child Mortality; Foundations; Health Services Needs and Demand; Humans; Organizational Objectives; Research Support as Topic; Vaccination; World Health	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79651469921	The effects of shade on performance, carcass classes and behaviour of heat-stressed feedlot cattle at the finisher phase	Blaine K.L., Nsahlai I.V.	2011	Tropical Animal Health and Production	43	3	10.1007/s11250-010-9740-x	Crafcor Farming PTY Ltd, Dundee, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Discipline of Poultry and Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa	Blaine, K.L., Crafcor Farming PTY Ltd, Dundee, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Nsahlai, I.V., Discipline of Poultry and Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa	The study aimed to determine the impact of shade on the performance, carcass class and behaviour using 146 crossbred steers and bulls during the finishing phase on a commercial feedlot in February. Treatments were (1) shade and (2) no shade. Average daily gain (ADG), DMI, and feed efficiency were measured, and hot carcass weight (HCW) and grades were collected at slaughter. The proportion of animals within a pen engaged in various behavioural activities (standing, lying, feeding and panting) was recorded. Five randomly selected individual animals per treatment were monitored every 2 min between 0700 and 1600 hours to determine the time spent on each of the above activities. Shade improved the final body weight (P &lt; 0.0001), ADG (P = 0.079), and HCW by 8.33 kg (P &lt; 0.05). Shade increased (P &lt; 0.05) the feeding activity but decreased (P &lt; 0.05) panting behaviour. Shade conferred an economic benefit of R2. 03 head -1 week -1, and thus would reduce heat stress and increase the feedlot profitability. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Behaviour; Feedlot cattle; Heat stress; Performance; Shade	animal; animal behavior; animal husbandry; article; body weight; cattle; eating; growth, development and aging; male; methodology; physiological stress; physiology; randomization; South Africa; statistical model; temperature; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Cattle; Eating; Linear Models; Male; Random Allocation; South Africa; Stress, Physiological; Temperature; Animalia; Bos	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883755784	Impact of the introduction of a colposcopy service in a rural South African sub-district on uptake of colposcopy	Blanckenberg N.D., Oettle C.A., Conradie H.H., Krige F.K.	2013	South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology	19	3	10.7196/SAJOG.388	Department of Health, Western Cape, South Africa; Worcester Hospital, Worcester, South Africa; Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Stellenbosch University, Parow, Cape Town, South Africa; Ukwanda Rural Clinical School, Stellenbosch University, Worcester Campus, Worcester, Western Cape, South Africa	Blanckenberg, N.D., Department of Health, Western Cape, South Africa; Oettle, C.A., Worcester Hospital, Worcester, South Africa; Conradie, H.H., Worcester Hospital, Worcester, South Africa, Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Stellenbosch University, Parow, Cape Town, South Africa; Krige, F.K., Ukwanda Rural Clinical School, Stellenbosch University, Worcester Campus, Worcester, Western Cape, South Africa	Objective. To describe the establishment of a colposcopy service at a district hospital in a rural sub-district of the Western Cape, South Africa, and assess its impact on colposcopy uptake. Design. A retrospective double-group cohort study using a laboratory database of cervical cytology results, clinical records and colposcopy clinic registers. Setting. The Overstrand sub-district, where 80 000 people are served by seven clinics and a district hospital in Hermanus, 120 km from its referral hospitals in Cape Town and Worcester. A colposcopy service was established at Hermanus Hospital in 2008. Subjects. All women in the sub-district who required colposcopy on the basis of cervical smears done in 2007 and 2009. Outcome measures. Numbers of women booked for colposcopy at distant referral hospitals in 2007 and at the district hospital in 2009, the proportions who attended colposcopy, the time from cervical smear to colposcopy, and comparison between the two years. Results. Uptake of colposcopy booked at distant referral hospitals was 67% in 2007. Uptake improved by 18% to 79% for the district hospital colposcopy service in 2009 (p=0.06). When patients from an area with no public transport to the district hospital were excluded from analysis, the improvement was more marked at 22% (p=0.02). The delay from cervical smear to colposcopy improved significantly from 170 to 141 days (p=0.02). Conclusion. Establishment of a colposcopy service in a rural sub-district increased uptake of colposcopy and decreased the delay from cervical smear to colposcopy. The service removed 202 booked patients in one year from the colposcopy load of the referral hospitals.	None	adult; article; cohort analysis; colposcopy; controlled study; female; health service; human; laboratory test; major clinical study; medical record; patient referral; register; retrospective study; rural area; South Africa; uterine cervix cytology	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861551153	West African Immigrants' Perceptions of Advertising in General and Impact on Buying Decisions	Blankson C., Spears N., Hinson R.E.	2012	Journal of International Consumer Marketing	24	3	10.1080/08961530.2012.682038	Department of Marketing and Logistics, College of Business, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311396, Denton, TX 76203-5017, United States; The University of Ghana Business School, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Blankson, C., Department of Marketing and Logistics, College of Business, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311396, Denton, TX 76203-5017, United States; Spears, N., Department of Marketing and Logistics, College of Business, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311396, Denton, TX 76203-5017, United States; Hinson, R.E., Department of Marketing and Logistics, College of Business, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311396, Denton, TX 76203-5017, United States, The University of Ghana Business School, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Despite the increasing attention to African immigrants in the United States, and the pivotal role that advertising messages play in the immigrant community, examination of African immigrants' purchasing behavior and perceptions of advertising have been overlooked by marketing scholars. The purpose of this research is to investigate West African immigrants' perceptions of advertising in general and its impact on buying decisions. Data analyses extract five perceptual factors toward advertising in general, namely, "advertising is a pleasure and affects perceptions," "advertising heightens vanity," "advertising intensifies materialism," "advertising enhances social role and image," and "advertising is good for the economy." With the exception of "advertising heightens vanity," all the identified factors impact buying decisions. The overall results show that consumers rely on a broad scope of information about the impact of advertisements on standards of living and the economy. This study can be of value to marketing scholars, practitioners, and policy makers interested in the United States African immigrant community. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	Advertising in general; consumer perceptions; factor analyses; multicultural marketplaces; United States; West African immigrants	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897546757	Impact of viral load and the duration of primary infection on HIV transmission: Systematic review and meta-analysis	Blaser N., Wettstein C., Estill J., Vizcaya L.S., Wandeler G., Egger M., Keiser O.	2014	AIDS	28	7	10.1097/QAD.0000000000000135	Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Blaser, N., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Wettstein, C., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Estill, J., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Vizcaya, L.S., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Wandeler, G., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland, Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Egger, M., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Keiser, O., Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland	OBJECTIVES:: HIV 'treatment as prevention' (TasP) describes early treatment of HIV-infected patients intended to reduce viral load and transmission. Crucial assumptions for estimating TasPÊ1/4s effectiveness are the underlying estimates of transmission risk. We aimed to determine transmission risk during primary infection, and describe the relation of HIV transmission risk to viral load. DESIGN:: A systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS:: We searched PubMed and Embase databases for studies that established a relationship between viral load and transmission risk, or primary infection and transmission risk, in serodiscordant couples. We analysed assumptions about the relationship between viral load and transmission risk, and between duration of primary infection and transmission risk. RESULTS:: We found 36 eligible articles, based on six different study populations. Studies consistently found that higher viral loads lead to higher HIV transmission rates, but assumptions about the shape of this increase varied from exponential increase to saturation. The assumed duration of primary infection ranged from 1.5 to 12 months; for each additional month, the log10 transmission rate ratio between primary and asymptomatic infection decreased by 0.40. CONCLUSION:: Assumptions and estimates of the relationship between viral load and transmission risk, and the relationship between primary infection and transmission risk, vary substantially and predictions of TasPÊ1/4s effectiveness should take this uncertainty into account. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health.	acute disease; HIV; primary infection; systematic review,transmission; treatment as prevention; viral load	article; asymptomatic infection; CD4+ T lymphocyte; disease association; disease duration; disease transmission; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; primary infection; priority journal; risk assessment; systematic review; virus load; disease transmission; family size; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; meta analysis; statistics and numerical data; time; transmission; virology; Disease Transmission, Infectious; Family Characteristics; HIV Infections; Humans; Risk Assessment; Time Factors; Viral Load	NIAID, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Diseases
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957912393	The Manto Tshabalala-Msimang affair: On the responsibility and impact of the press	Blatchford M.	2010	English Academy Review	27	1	10.1080/10131751003755971	University of Fort Hare, South Africa	Blatchford, M., University of Fort Hare, South Africa	It is suggested that in order to interpret a necessarily biased press, it is necessary to know what that bias is. However, sometimes the press not only refuses to acknowledge bias, but conceals the bias, and is able to avoid any negative consequences even when the bias becomes evident. An example from elsewhere is the case of Judith Miller's articles promoting war with Iraq in the New York Times. A local example, possibly less significant but even more problematic in some ways, is the case of the accusations of corruption and alcoholism made against Health Minister, Tshabalala-Msimang, in the Sunday Times. It is noted that in both cases there was a broad structural failure to encourage accurate journalism. In the local case, the truth was not available (even though many behave as if it were) and few seem to have considered this a problem. It is pointed out that when it is impossible to assess the source of bias of a newspaper, it becomes difficult to interpret the texts involved. Such developments may be making the press less socially usefulunless intricate methods of analysis prove effective in overcoming the bias(es) involved. © The English Academy of Southern Africa.	health care; Judith Miller; media freedom; Sunday Times; truth; Tshabalala-Msimang	None	None
WoS	WOS:000332441200023	Impact of family planning health talks by lay health workers on contraceptive knowledge and attitudes among HIV-infected patients in rural Kenya	Blat, Cinthia,Bukusi, Elizabeth A.,Cohen, Craig R.,Grossman, Daniel,Miles, Sondra,Newmann, Sara J.,Onono, Maricianah,Owuor, Kevin,Steinfeld, Rachel,Wekesa, Pauline	2014	PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING	94	3	10.1016/j.pec.2013.11.008	University of California San Francisco, University of California System, Ibis Reprod Hlth, Kenya Med Res Inst KEMRI	"Blat, Cinthia: University of California San Francisco","Blat, Cinthia: University of California System","Cohen, Craig R.: University of California San Francisco","Cohen, Craig R.: University of California System","Miles, Sondra: University of California San Francisco","Miles, Sondra: University of California System","Newmann, Sara J.: University of California San Francisco","Newmann, Sara J.: University of California System","Steinfeld, Rachel: University of California San Francisco","Steinfeld, Rachel: University of California System",	Objective: To determine if a health talk on family planning (FP) by community clinic health assistants (CCHAs) will improve knowledge, attitudes and behavioral intentions about contraception in HIV-infected individuals. Methods: A 15-min FP health talk was given by CCHAs in six rural HIV clinics to a sample of 49 HIV-infected men and women. Effects of the health talk were assessed through a questionnaire administered before the health talk and after completion of the participant's clinic visit. Results: Following the health talk, there was a significant increase in knowledge about contraceptives (p &lt; .0001), side-effects (p &lt; .0001), and method-specific knowledge about IUCDs (p &lt; .001), implants (p &lt; .0001), and injectables (p &lt; .05). Out of 31 women and 18 men enrolled, 14 (45%) women and 6 (33%) men intended to try a new contraceptive. Participant attitudes toward FP were high before and after the health talk (median 4 of 4). Conclusion: A health talk delivered by CCHAs can increase knowledge of contraception and promote the intention to try new more effective contraception among HIV-infected individuals. Practice implications: FP health talks administered by lay-health providers to HIV-infected individuals as they wait for HIV services can influence FP knowledge and intention to use FP. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	"COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS",CONTRACEPTION,"FAMILY PLANNING","health talk",HIV,KNOWLEDGE,AFRICA,CARE,"UNMET NEED"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44649124221	The impact of tobacco advertising bans on consumption in developing countries	Blecher E.	2008	Journal of Health Economics	27	4	10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.02.010	Health Economics Unit, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa	Blecher, E., Health Economics Unit, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa	Tobacco advertising bans have become commonplace in developed nations but are less prevalent in developing countries. The importance of advertising bans as part of comprehensive tobacco control strategies has been emphasised by the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control which calls for comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising. The empirical literature suggests that comprehensive advertising bans have played a role in reducing consumption in developed countries but that limited policies have not. This paper extends this analysis to include 30 developing countries and finds that bans do play an important role in reducing tobacco consumption in these countries. It finds that both comprehensive as well as limited policies are effective in reducing consumption although comprehensive bans have a far greater impact than limited ones. Furthermore, it finds that advertising bans may be even more effective in the developing world than they are in the developed world. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Advertising bans; Developing countries; Tobacco advertising; Tobacco consumption	advertising; developing world; health policy; tobacco; advertizing; article; cigarette smoking; comparative study; developed country; developing country; health care policy; smoking cessation; tobacco; Advertising as Topic; Developing Countries; Humans; Models, Econometric; Smoking; Tobacco Industry; Nicotiana tabacum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884275207	The impact of co-existence of diabetes and hypertension on oxidative stress in non obese subjects	Blessing I.O., Abraham O.O.	2013	Journal of Medical Sciences (Faisalabad)	13	8	10.3923/jms.2013.767.772	Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, Ambrose Alii University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Ambrose Alii University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria	Blessing, I.O., Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, Ambrose Alii University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria; Abraham, O.O., Department of Biochemistry, Ambrose Alii University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria	Co-occurrence of diabetes and hypertension is not unfamiliar in the world today and where this co-exists, it is said to aggravate cardiovascular complications. On the other hand, the significance of oxidative stress in cardiovascular condition has been recognized. Hence, this study investigated the impact hypertension and diabetes mellitus has on oxidative stress and the status of some antioxidants in non obese subjects. The study involves 204 non obese subjects who are hypertensive (NOH; n = 53), diabetes (NOD; n = 51), diabetes and hypertensive (NODH; n = 40) and non hypertensive non diabetes (NONDH; control; n = 60). There ages, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and body mass index were determined using standard techniques while their oxidative stress and antioxidants status were analyzed via standard laboratory procedures. The results showed no significant difference in the ages and BMI in the entire groups. However, blood pressure was significant higher in the hypertensive groups while fasting blood glucose was higher in the diabetes group compared with the control. Oxidative stress was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the NOD, NOH and NODH groups compared to the control group (NONDH; 5.32±1.85). Compared to the NONDH group, vitamin A was not significantly different (p>0.05) between the groups, vitamin E was significantly higher in group NODH (13.58±5.28) and nitric oxide was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the NOH (30.87±3.48) and NODH (30.30±3.13) groups. Judging by the findings of this study, hypertension and diabetes, either existing alone or in combination have a negative impact on oxidative stress and antioxidant status.	Co-existence; Diabetes; Hypertension; Non obese	alpha tocopherol; antioxidant; glucose; nitric oxide; retinol; adult; age; article; blood pressure; body mass; comorbidity; controlled study; diabetes mellitus; disease association; female; glucose blood level; human; hypertension; male; obesity; oxidative stress; vitamin blood level	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36348998733	Friction stir weld process evaluation by multi-axial transducer	Blignault C., Hattingh D.G., Kruger G.H., van Niekerk T.I., James M.N.	2008	Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation	41	1	10.1016/j.measurement.2006.12.001	Faculty of Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa; Faculty of Technology, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA England, United Kingdom	Blignault, C., Faculty of Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa; Hattingh, D.G., Faculty of Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa; Kruger, G.H., Faculty of Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa; van Niekerk, T.I., Faculty of Engineering, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa; James, M.N., Faculty of Technology, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA England, United Kingdom	Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state joining technique that is rapidly establishing itself as an approved production technique and it remains the focus of significant international research effort. Scientific understanding of the FSW process is necessary for its successful automation. The interaction between the rotating tool and the alloy is complex, making the determination of the contribution of various process parameters (tool geometry, temperature, rake angle, speed and feed) to the desired weld properties difficult. The construction of a rotating multi-axial transducer has been realised. This allows online and offline measurement of process responses (force footprint, energy, temperature, etc.) and can be incorporated into a feedback control system for the processes technical and economic trade-off regulation. This paper describes the design, development and calibration of this multi-axial transducer. The application of the real-time process data to develop the force footprint as an aid for gaining scientific insight into FSW is also discussed. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Force footprint; Friction stir weld (FSW); Transducer	Automation; Calibration; Feedback control; Real time systems; Transducers; Force footprint; Friction stir weld (FSW); Process control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76749137281	The impact of Fischer-Tropsch diesel on the oxidation stability of biodiesel (FAME) blends	Blignaut A., Collier L., Pretorius M.	2009	Journal of ASTM International	6	10	10.1520/JAI102579	Sasol Limited, Johannesburg 1947, South Africa	Blignaut, A., Sasol Limited, Johannesburg 1947, South Africa; Collier, L., Sasol Limited, Johannesburg 1947, South Africa; Pretorius, M., Sasol Limited, Johannesburg 1947, South Africa	Fischer-Tropsch (FT) distillates and first generation biodiesel are alternative fuels that can both be used directly as neat fuels in an internal combustion diesel engine or as blend stocks with conventional diesel fuel. Biodiesel is generally produced by the catalytic trans-esterification of triglycerides (vegetable oil) with methanol to form fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and glycerol as a by-product. The FT process (or FT synthesis) Is a catalyzed chemical reaction In which synthesis gas (syngas), a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, Is converted into liquid hydrocarbons of various compositions. The oxidation and thermal stability of diesel fuel are very important properties since unstable diesel fuels can form soluble gums and or insoluble organic particulates that can clog the fuel filters and fuels system components. In the quest for increased efficiency of internal combustion compression ignition engines, the engines are increasingly downsized and turbo charged. These developments, together with the latest demands from modern injector systems, place a greater demand on the oxidative and thermal stability performance of a fuel due to the exposure of fuels to higher temperatures in comparison to historic engine and injector designs. Recirculation of heated fuel can also cause injector deposits originating from either gum or particulate formation. Biodiesel (FAME) and FT diesel have shown to be fully compatible as blend components with conventional crude derived diesel. FT diesel, produced from the low temperature FT (LTFT) process, generally has a lower density and viscosity and good cold flow properties. It Is also a very stable fuel, which compensates for the high viscosity and density, poor cold flow properties, and unstable nature associated with biodiesel (FAME). This paper discusses the results obtained from a comparative study of the oxidation stability (using the Rancimat methodology) of FT (high temperature FT and LTFT) and petroleum diesel fuels, blended with up to 20 vol % of soya and rapeseed derived biodiesel (FAME). Copyright © 2009 by ASTM International.	Alternative fuel; Crude derived diesel; Fischer-Tropsch (FT); Oxidation stability; Synthetic fuels	Blend components; Cold flow properties; Comparative studies; Compression ignition engine; Fatty acid methyl ester; Fischer Tropsch; Fischer-Tropsch (FT); Fischer-Tropsch diesel; FT synthesis; Fully compatible; High temperature; Higher temperatures; Internal combustion; Internal combustion diesel engine; Liquid hydrocarbons; Low temperatures; Lower density; Organic particulates; Oxidation stability; Particulate formation; Petroleum diesel fuels; Rancimat; Recirculations; Syn-gas; System components; Thermal stability; Alternative fuels; Biodiesel; Carbon monoxide; Diesel engines; Diesel fuels; Esterification; Esters; Fatty acids; Glycerol; Hydrocarbons; Ignition; Jet pumps; Methanol; Oxidation; Petroleum distillates; Synthesis (chemical); Synthesis gas; System stability; Thermodynamic stability; Vegetable oils; Viscosity; Synthetic fuels	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68649105728	The impact of water scarcity on economic development initiatives	Blignaut J., Van Heerden J.	2009	Water SA	35	4	None	Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Blignaut, J., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Van Heerden, J., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	South Africa's unallocated water resources have dwindled to precariously low levels. Furthermore, it is generally recognised by the authorities and specialists alike that it is likely that water demand will outstrip water supply within the next decade. Macro-economically and strategically speaking, the question therefore is how to make best use of the country's available water resources? We ask this question since South Africa is a country classified as having chronic water shortages, a condition exacerbated by climate change and the presence of invasive alien plant species. In this paper we address the question of sectoral water allocation by applying a macro-economic comparative static Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model using an integrated database comprising South Africa's Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) and sectoral water use balances. We refer to AsgiSA, the South African Government's Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative for South Africa, and conclude that introducing the proposed programmes in a business-as-usual and water-intensive manner will strengthen the current growth in the demand for water. This will bring forward, or accelerate, the need for introducing water rationing among sectors. The importance of this conclusion cannot be emphasised enough. Water is essential, and recognised in as much in the preamble to the National Water Act of 1998, with regards to livelihoods, health and from a socio-economic development perspective since there are no substitutes for it. While water rationing is imminent, the reality thereof has not yet led to a rethink of macro-economic policies. This delayed effect can create a degree of comfort and ill-founded complacency leading to non-action, whereas there is an urgent need for proactive measures towards water conservation.	AsgiSA; Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model; Economic development; Water demand; Water rationing; Water supply	Alien plants; AsgiSA; Available water; Business-as-usual; Comparative statics; Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model; Computable general equilibrium model; Delayed effects; Economic development; Economic policies; Growth initiatives; Integrated database; Low level; matrix; Non-action; Proactive measures; Socio-economic development; South Africa; South African government; Water Act; Water allocations; Water demand; Water scarcity; Water shortages; Water use; Climate change; Competition; Economics; Forestry; Planning; Water conservation; Water supply; Water supply systems; Water resources; comparative study; economic development; economic growth; equilibrium; general equilibrium analysis; water availability; water demand; water resource; water supply; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39749110190	The influence of temperament style on a student's choice of and performance in a computer programming course	Blignaut P., Naude A.	2008	Computers in Human Behavior	24	3	10.1016/j.chb.2007.03.005	Department of Computer Science and Informatics, University of the Free State, South Africa	Blignaut, P., Department of Computer Science and Informatics, University of the Free State, South Africa; Naude, A., Department of Computer Science and Informatics, University of the Free State, South Africa	This study is an attempt to determine whether it is necessary to include temperament style when compiling an instrument to predict a student's chances of success in a computer programming course. Temperament style is seen as the combination of qualities which constitute the natural disposition of an individual and which affect actions, thinking and emotions. The DISC model, as adapted by Boyd [Boyd, C. F. (1994). Different children, different needs: the art of adjustable parenting. Oregon: Questar Publishers Inc.], views people as behaving along two orthogonal dimensions: the speed at which a person moves through life, and his/her general focus when doing things, i.e. on people or on tasks. This study proved that both of these dimensions have an influence on the performance of students in a computer programming course while one of them also has an influence on a student's choice to pursue a programming course. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Human factors; Psychology; Training	Curricula; Mathematical models; Personnel training; Psychology computing; Students; Human factors; Natural disposition; Temperament style; Computer programming	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937024050	The impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on obstetric hemorrhage and blood transfusion in South Africa	Bloch E.M., Crookes R.L., Hull J., Fawcus S., Gangaram R., Anthony J., Ingram C., Ngcobo S., Croxford J., Creel D.V., Murphy E.L.	2015	Transfusion	55	7	10.1111/trf.13040	Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA, United States; University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; South African National Blood Service, Weltevreden Park, South Africa; Chris-Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mowbray Maternity Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, South Africa; University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States	Bloch, E.M., Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA, United States, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Crookes, R.L., South African National Blood Service, Weltevreden Park, South Africa; Hull, J., Chris-Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fawcus, S., Mowbray Maternity Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Gangaram, R., King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, South Africa, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Anthony, J., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Ingram, C., South African National Blood Service, Weltevreden Park, South Africa; Ngcobo, S., South African National Blood Service, Weltevreden Park, South Africa; Croxford, J., RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States; Creel, D.V., RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States; Murphy, E.L., Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA, United States, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States	BACKGROUND Globally, as in South Africa, obstetric hemorrhage (OH) remains a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. Although blood transfusion is critical to OH management, the incidence and predictors of transfusion as well as their relation to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are poorly described. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted of all peripartum patients at four major hospitals in South Africa (April to July 2012). Comprehensive clinical data were collected on patients who sustained OH and/or were transfused. Logistic regression was used to model risk factors for OH and transfusion. RESULTS A total of 15,725 peripartum women were evaluated, of whom 3969 (25.2%) were HIV positive. Overall, 387 (2.5%) women sustained OH and 438 (2.8%) received transfusions, including 213 (1.4%) women with both OH and transfusion. There was no significant difference in OH incidence between HIV-positive (2.8%) and HIV-negative (2.3%) patients (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-1.25). In contrast, the incidence of blood transfusion was significantly higher in HIV-positive (3.7%) than in HIV-negative (2.4%) patients (adjusted OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.14-2.03). Other risk factors for transfusion included OH, low prenatal hemoglobin, the treating hospital, lack of prenatal care, and gestational age of not more than 34 weeks. CONCLUSION In the South African obstetric setting, the incidence of peripartum blood transfusion is significantly higher than in the United States and other high-income countries while OH incidence is similar. While OH and prenatal anemia are major predictors of transfusion, HIV infection is a common and independent contributing factor. © 2015 AABB.	None	hemoglobin; adult; Article; blood transfusion; cesarean section; cross-sectional study; female; gestational age; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; major clinical study; obstetric hemorrhage; perinatal period; practice guideline; prenatal care; risk factor; South Africa; vaginal delivery; adolescent; blood; clinical trial; HIV Infections; incidence; multicenter study; postpartum hemorrhage; pregnancy; virology; Adolescent; Adult; Blood Transfusion; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Incidence; Postpartum Hemorrhage; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; South Africa	None
None	None	Seeing the wood for the trees: An assessment of the impact of participatory forest management on forest condition in Tanzania	Blomley T., Pfliegner K., Isango J., Zahabu E., Ahrends A., Burgess N.	2008	ORYX	42	3	10.1017/S0030605308071433	Forestry and Beekeeping Division, Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, c/o Royal Danish Embassy, P.O Box 9171, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Faculty of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, P.O. Box 1854, Morogoro, Tanzania; Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3103, Morogoro, Tanzania; York Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Dynamics, Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; Conservation Science Group, Zoology Department, Cambridge University, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom; Conservation Science Program, WWF-USA, 1250 24th Street, NW, Washington, DC, United States	Blomley, T., Forestry and Beekeeping Division, Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, c/o Royal Danish Embassy, P.O Box 9171, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Pfliegner, K., Faculty of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; Isango, J., Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, P.O. Box 1854, Morogoro, Tanzania; Zahabu, E., Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3103, Morogoro, Tanzania; Ahrends, A., York Institute for Tropical Ecosystem Dynamics, Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; Burgess, N., Conservation Science Group, Zoology Department, Cambridge University, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom, Conservation Science Program, WWF-USA, 1250 24th Street, NW, Washington, DC, United States	Over the past 15 years the Tanzanian government has promoted participatory forest management (both joint forest management and community-based forest management) as a major strategy for managing natural forests for sustainable use and conservation. Such management is currently either operational or in the process of being established in > 3.6 million ha of forest land and in > 1,800 villages. Data from three case studies of forests managed using participatory and non-participatory forest management approaches suggest that community involvement in forest management is correlated with improving forest condition. In our first case study we demonstrate increasing basal area and volume of trees per ha over time in miombo woodland and coastal forest habitats under participatory forest management compared with similar forests under state or open access management. In our second case study three coastal forest and sub-montane Eastern Arc forests under participatory forest management show a greater number of trees per ha, and mean height and diameter of trees compared to three otherwise similar forests under state management. In our third case study levels of cutting in coastal forest and Eastern Arc forests declined over time since initiation in participatory forest management sites. We conclude that participatory forest management is showing signs of delivering impact in terms of improved forest condition in Tanzanian forests but that further assessments need to be made to verify these initial findings. © 2008 Fauna & Flora International.	Eastern Arc; Forest condition; Participatory forest management; Sustainable use; Tanzania	assessment method; forest management; habitat conservation; local participation; sustainable forestry; wood; Africa; East Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania	None
WoS	WOS:000324164000001	Use of anchoring vignettes to evaluate health reporting behavior amongst adults aged 50 years and above in Africa and Asia - testing assumptions	Blomstedt, Yulia,Debpuur, Cornelius,Gomez-Olive, Xavier,Hirve, Siddhivinayak,Juvekar, Sanjay,Ng, Nawi,Oti, Samuel,Tollman, Stephen,Wall, Stig	2013	GLOBAL HEALTH ACTION	6	None	10.3402/gha.v6i0.21064	Navrongo Health Research Center, Umea University, University of Witwatersrand, African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr, KEM Hosp Res Ctr	"Blomstedt, Yulia: Umea University","Debpuur, Cornelius: Navrongo Health Research Center","Gomez-Olive, Xavier: University of Witwatersrand","Ng, Nawi: Umea University","Tollman, Stephen: University of Witwatersrand","Wall, Stig: Umea University",	Background: Comparing self-rating health responses across individuals and cultures is misleading due to different reporting behaviors. Anchoring vignettes is a technique that allows identifying and adjusting self-rating responses for reporting heterogeneity (RH). Objective: This article aims to test two crucial assumptions of vignette equivalence (VE) and response consistency (RC) that are required to be met before vignettes can be used to adjust self-rating responses for RH. Design: We used self-ratings, vignettes, and objective measures covering domains of mobility and cognition from the WHO study on global AGEing and adult health, administered to older adults aged 50 years and above from eight low-and middle-income countries in Africa and Asia. For VE, we specified a hierarchical ordered probit (HOPIT) model to test for equality of perceived vignette locations. For RC, we tested for equality of thresholds that are used to rate vignettes with thresholds derived from objective measures and used to rate their own health function. Results: There was evidence of RH in self-rating responses for difficulty in mobility and cognition. Assumptions of VE and RC between countries were violated driven by age, sex, and education. However, within a country context, assumption of VE was met in some countries (mainly in Africa, except Tanzania) and violated in others (mainly in Asia, except India). Conclusion: We conclude that violation of assumptions of RC and VE precluded the use of anchoring vignettes to adjust self-rated responses for RH across countries in Asia and Africa.	"anchoring vignettes",COGNITION,MOBILITY,"reporting heterogeneity","RESPONSE CONSISTENCY",SELF-RATING,"Vignette equivalence",HETEROGENEITY,SATISFACTION,"SELF-RATED HEALTH"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052087058	Performance of South African adolescents on two versions of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test	Blumenau J., Broom Y.	2011	South African Journal of Psychology	41	2	None	University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Blumenau, J., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Broom, Y., University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	In South Africa the multicultural and multilinguistic nature of society has impacted on the cultural appropriateness of psychological tests. In the assessment of memory and learning, tasks such as the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) are widely used although they may not be standardised for the South African context. We investigated how South African learners performed on the RAVLT as well as on an adapted version of this test, the South African List Learning Test (SALLT). The impact of language differences on performance was also noted. Subjects were 54 first (L1) and second language (L2) English speaking secondary school learners. Results indicated that South African learners achieved a higher level of recall on the SALLT than on the Euro-American RAVLT. Findings confirmed the impact of language experience on performance and highlight the necessity for the development and standardisation of culturally relevant psychological tests in South Africa. © Psychological Society of South Africa. All rights reserved.	Assessment; Language; Memory; Psychological testing; RAVLT; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-22644443519	The impact of immigration on health systems: A legal analysis from a three-country perspective	Blum J., Carstens P., Talib N.	2005	Medicine and Law	24	2	None	Loyola University, Chicago, IL, United States; University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	Blum, J., Loyola University, Chicago, IL, United States; Carstens, P., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Talib, N., University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	The focus of this paper will be on how health care systems in three countries, Malaysia, South Africa and the United States, are responding to the health needs of immigrants with a strong focus on the legal aspects of the respective national responses. The Malaysia portion emphasizes legal immigration and analyses as to how the country's Ministry of Health and the delivery system itself is responding to the demands of immigrant's health. In the context of South Africa, the paper explores implications of the South African Constitution, which establishes a right to access health care, and explores whether such a right can be extended to non-citizens, or can be tempered by economic constraints. In the American discussion the focus is on whether publicly supported health care programs can be accessed to provide coverage for undocumented residents, and highlights recent constraints in using government monies in this area. © Yozmot 2005.	Health care resources; Immigration; Malaysia; South Africa; United States of America	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; article; budget; economic aspect; emergency health service; government; health care access; health care delivery; health care facility; health care need; health care policy; health care system; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; human rights; immigrant; immigration; legal aspect; malaria; Malaysia; medicaid; refugee; resource allocation; South Africa; tuberculosis; United States; Health Care and Public Health; Delivery of Health Care; Emigration and Immigration; Health Services Needs and Demand; Humans; Malaysia; South Africa; United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955643799	The impact of the pandemic influenza a(H1N1) 2009 virus on seasonal influenza a viruses in the southern hemisphere, 2009	Blyth C.C., Kelso A., McPhie K.A., Ratnamohan V.M., Catton M., Druce J.D., Smith D.W., Williams S.H., Huang Q.S., Lopez L., Schoub B.D., Venter M., Dwyer D.E.	2010	Eurosurveillance	15	31	None	Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia; World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), North Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), North Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia; World Health Organisation National Influenza Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa	Blyth, C.C., Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia; Kelso, A., World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), North Melbourne, VIC, Australia; McPhie, K.A., Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Ratnamohan, V.M., Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Catton, M., Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), North Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Druce, J.D., Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), North Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Smith, D.W., Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Williams, S.H., Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Huang, Q.S., World Health Organisation National Influenza Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand; Lopez, L., World Health Organisation National Influenza Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand; Schoub, B.D., National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa; Venter, M., National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa; Dwyer, D.E., Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia	Data collected over winter 2009 by five World Health Organisation National Influenza Centres in the southern hemisphere were used to examine the circulation of pandemic and seasonal influenza A strains during the first pandemic wave in the southern hemisphere. There is compelling evidence that the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus significantly displaced seasonal influenza A(H1N1) and, to a lesser extent, A(H3N2) viruses circulating in the southern hemisphere. Complete replacement of seasonal influenza A strains, however, was not observed during the first pandemic wave.	None	2009 H1N1 influenza; article; disease course; disease surveillance; human; infection prevention; Influenza virus A H3N2; nonhuman; pandemic influenza; prevalence; seasonal influenza; Southern Hemisphere; virus detection; virus strain; Geography; Humans; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype; Influenza, Human; Pandemics; Seasons; World Health Organization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649999272	Impact of cyanide utilization in mining on the environment	Boadi N.O., Twumasi S.K., Ephraim J.H.	2009	International Journal of Environmental Research	3	1	None	Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Catholic University College, Sunyani, Ghana	Boadi, N.O., Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Twumasi, S.K., Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Ephraim, J.H., Catholic University College, Sunyani, Ghana	Cyanide (CN) is a toxic species that is found predominantly in industrial effluents generated by metallurgical operations. Cyanide's strong affinity for metals makes it favorable as an agent for metal finishing and treatment and also as a lixiviate for metal leaching, particularly gold. These technologies are environmentally sound but require safeguards to prevent accidental spills from contaminating soils as well as surface and ground waters. In this work, total cyanide, sodium, cadmium, iron, zinc and copper concentrations were determined in soil, cassava, hand dug wells and pipe-borne water from Bibiani, a gold mining town in the Western Region of Ghana. Total cyanide levels in soil ranged from 6.04 to 26.17 mg/kg and in water, from 2.17 to 7.83 mg/L. Total cyanide concentrations in raw cassava ranged from 82.45 to 142.91 mg/kg fresh weight. The cooked cassava had cyanide concentrations ranging from 6.79 to 24.91 mg/kg and the cassava peels, 360.05 to 509.51 mg/kg. Sodium concentrations ranged from 998.1 to 1794.7 mg/kg in the soil, 25.94 to 29.92 mg/L in the water and 114.7 to 159.6 mg/kg in cassava. The concentration of iron in the soil ranged from 77.88 to 302.08 mg/kg whilst in water and cassava, iron was below detection limit. Copper concentrations ranged from 12.4 mg/kg to 115.4 mg/kg in soil, 4.6 to 6.0 mg/kg in cassava and below detection in water. The zinc concentrations ranged from 24.1 to 170.3 and 7.6 to 11.6 mg/kg, in soil and cassava respectively. Zinc was below detection in most of the water samples and cadmium was generally low in all the samples. The pH of the soil, water and cassava ranged from 3.88 to 6.95, 3.14 to 7.44 and 5.42 to 5.60 respectively. The moisture content of the soil ranged between 2.47 and 35.40% and that of cassava, 56.08 to 56.87 %. Electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids of water ranged from 34 to 155.5μS/cm and 31 to 89 mg/L respectively. The results showed a correlation between the metal and cyanide concentrations in all the samples.	Cassava; Cyanide; Metals; Soil; Water	cassava; concentration (composition); contaminated land; cyanide; effluent; heavy metal; mining; Africa; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900831771	Evaluation of six plant species used traditionally in the treatment and control of diabetes mellitus in South Africa using in vitro methods	Boaduo N.K.K., Katerere D., Eloff J.N., Naidoo V.	2014	Pharmaceutical Biology	52	6	10.3109/13880209.2013.869828	Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria Biomedical Research Centre, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Ondersterpoort 0110, South Africa	Boaduo, N.K.K., Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa; Katerere, D., South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Eloff, J.N., Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa; Naidoo, V., Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria Biomedical Research Centre, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Ondersterpoort 0110, South Africa	Context: Numerous plants are used by the local communities of South Africa for the treatment and management of type II diabetes. Objectives: For this study, we undertook a survey of the plants sold for the management of diabetes in the town of Newcastle, South Africa. Identified plants were subsequently evaluated for their in vitro antidiabetic activity. Materials and methods: Plants were identified through an interview with a herbalist at the market. Antidiabetic activity of extracts of purchased plants was evaluated using in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity, as well as islets of Langerhans excretory activity. Results: Senna alexandrina Mill. (Fabaceae), Cymbopogon citrates Stapf. (Poaceae), Cucurbita pepo L. (Cucuribitaceae), Nuxia floribunda Benth. (Stilbaceae), Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch. and Mey (Hypoxidaceae), and Cinnamomum cassia Blume (Lauraceae) were identified. The hexane extract of S. alexandrina (EC50=0.083mg/ml), ethyl acetate extract of H. hemerocallidea (EC50=0.29mg/ml), and methanol extracts of Cymbopogon citratus (EC50=0.31mg/ml) and Cinnamomum cassia (EC50=0.12mg/ml) had the highest α-amylase inhibitory activity, albeit lower than acarbose (EC50=0.50mg/ml). All the plants had good α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (>50%) with the exception of some methanol (Cinnamomum cassia, N. floribunda, and Cymbopogon citratus) and acetone extracts (Cucurbita pepo and N. floribunda). Only the H. hemerocallidea acetone extract had an insulin stimulatory effect (2.5U/ml at 8μg/ml). Conclusion: All the evaluated plants demonstrated inhibitory activity against the specific GIT enzyme systems evaluated. Only H. hemerocallidea had insulin secretory activity, adding evidence to the traditional use of these purchased plants in the management of the type II diabetic post-prandial hyperglycemia. © 2014 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. All rights reserved.	Antidiabetic; Islets of Langerhans; α-amylase; α-glucosidase	acarbose; alpha glucosidase; amylase; antidiabetic agent; Cinnamomum cassia extract; Cucurbita pepo extract; Cymbopogon citrates extract; glibenclamide; Hypoxis hemerocallidea extract; insulin; Nuxia floribunda extract; plant extract; Senna alexandrina extract; unclassified drug; antidiabetic agent; plant extract; animal cell; antidiabetic activity; article; controlled study; Cucurbita pepo; Cymbopogon citrates; diabetes mellitus; drug mechanism; drug screening; enzyme activity; enzyme inhibition; Hypoxis hemerocallidea; in vitro study; medicinal plant; nonhuman; Nuxia floribunda; pancreas islet; rat; Senna alexandrina; South Africa; animal; blood; cell culture; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; drug effects; isolation and purification; medicinal plant; metabolism; procedures; Sprague Dawley rat; treatment outcome; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Hypoglycemic Agents; Islets of Langerhans; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; South Africa; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905505316	Synthesis and evaluation of quindoline and its analogue as potential anticancer agents	Boahen Y.O., Mann J.	2014	Chemistry of Natural Compounds	50	3	10.1007/s10600-014-0995-8	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Chemistry Department, University of Reading, Reading RG6 7AD, United Kingdom; School of Chemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT 9 5AG, United Kingdom	Boahen, Y.O., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana, Chemistry Department, University of Reading, Reading RG6 7AD, United Kingdom; Mann, J., Chemistry Department, University of Reading, Reading RG6 7AD, United Kingdom, School of Chemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT 9 5AG, United Kingdom	Several derivatives of quindoline, 10H-(indolo[3,2-b]quinoline), alkaloids were prepared by the modification of the Pfitzinger quinoline reaction. The conversion of quindoline was 71% while that of another compound, 2,10-bis(dimethylaminoethyl)-indolo[3,2-b]quinoline, was 64%. In the evaluation of the cytotoxicities of the two compounds using five human ovarian cancer cell lines, namely SKOV-3, A2780, A2780R, CHI, and CHIR, quindoline gave minimum inhibitory concentration (IC50) results of 66, 21.5, 24.5, 15.5, and 30 M, respectively whiles the more potent compound, 2,10-bis(dimethylaminoethyl) -indolo[3,2-b]quinoline, gave 6.3, 12.5, 10.5, 8.4, and 12.5 M, respectively. A third compound, 2-(3′-hydroxypropan-1′-yl)-10H-indolo[3,2-b] quinoline, was prepared by the Heck reaction in a yield of 70%. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.	cancer; cytotoxicity; minimum inhibitory concentration; quindoline	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39049097211	Monitoring lymphatic filariasis interventions: Adult mosquito sampling, and improved PCR - Based pool screening method for Wuchereria bancrofti infection in Anopheles mosquitoes	Boakye D.A., Baidoo H.A., Glah E., Brown C., Appawu M., Wilson M.D.	2007	Filaria Journal	6	None	10.1186/1475-2883-6-13	Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Boakye, D.A., Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Baidoo, H.A., Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Glah, E., Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Brown, C., Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Appawu, M., Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Wilson, M.D., Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra, Ghana	Background: Monitoring and evaluation are essential to the successful implementation of mass drug administration programmes for LF elimination. Monitoring transmission when it is low requires both large numbers of mosquito vectors and sensitive methods for detecting Wuchereria bancrofti infections in them. PCR-based methods are preferred over classical dissections but the best protocol so far achieved detection of one L3 Wuchereria bancrofti larva in a pool of 35-50 Anopheles mosquitoes. It also lacks consistency and remains still a costly tool. Hence we decided to improve upon this to achieve detection in a pool of 100 or more by enhancing the quality of the template DNA. Prior to this we also evaluated three vector sampling methods in the context of numbers for monitoring. Methods: Human landing, pyrethrium spray and light traps catches were conducted concurrently at sites in an LF endemic district in Ghana and the numbers obtained compared. Two DNA extraction methods; Bender buffer and phenol/chloroform purification, and DNA easy Tissue kit (Quaigen Inc) were used on pools of 25, 50, 75 100 and 150 mosquitoes each seeded with one L3 or its quivalent amount of DNA. Then another set of extracted DNA by the two methods was subjected to Dynal bead purification method (using capture oligonucleotide primers). These were used as template DNA in PCR to amplify W. bancrofti sequences. The best PCR result was then evaluated in the field at five sites by comparing its results (infections per 1000 mosquitoes) with that of dissection of roughly equal samples sizes. Results: The largest numbers of mosquitoes were obtained with the human landing catches at all the sites sampled. Although PCR detection of one L3 in pools of 25, 50 and 75 mosquitoes was consistent irrespective of the extraction method, that of one L3 in 100 was only achieved with the kit-extracted DNA/Dynal bead purification method. Infections were found at only two sites by both dissection and pool-screening being 14.3 and 19 versus 13.4 and 20.1 per 1000 Anopheles mosquitoes respectively, which were not statistically significant. Discussion and conclusion: HLC still remains the best option for sampling for the large numbers of mosquitoes required for monitoring transmission during MDA programmes, when vector population densities are high and classical indices of transmission are required. One - in - 100 detection is an improvement on previous PCR pool-screening methods, which in our opinion was a result of the introduction of the extra step of parasite DNA capture using Dynal/beads. As pool sizes increase the insects DNA will swamp parasite DNA making the latter less available for an efficient PCR, therefore we propose either additional steps of parasite DNA capture or real-time PCR to improve further the pool screening method. The study also attests also to the applicability of Katholi et al's algorithm developed for determining onchocerciasis prevalence in LF studies. © 2007 Boakye et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	chloroform; oligonucleotide; phenol; pyrethroid; Anopheles; article; biological monitoring; clinical article; clinical assessment tool; controlled study; DNA determination; DNA extraction; DNA purification; DNA sequence; DNA template; endemic disease; female; filariasis; gene amplification; Ghana; human; infection risk; male; nonhuman; parasite identification; parasite transmission; parasite vector; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; sample size; Wuchereria bancrofti	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905190325	Impact of farm management practices and agricultural land use on soil organic carbon storage potential in the Savannah Ecological zone of Northern Ghana	Boakye-Danquah J., Antwi E.K., Saito O., Abekoe M.K., Takeuchi K.	2014	Journal of Disaster Research	9	4	None	Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, P.O.Box LG 59, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science (IR3S), University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; Institute for Advanced Study of Sustainability, United Nations University, 5-53-70 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8925, Japan; Department of Soil Science, University of Ghana, Box LG 245, Leon, Accra, Ghana	Boakye-Danquah, J., Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, P.O.Box LG 59, Legon-Accra, Ghana; Antwi, E.K., Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science (IR3S), University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan; Saito, O., Institute for Advanced Study of Sustainability, United Nations University, 5-53-70 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8925, Japan; Abekoe, M.K., Department of Soil Science, University of Ghana, Box LG 245, Leon, Accra, Ghana; Takeuchi, K., Integrated Research System for Sustainability Science (IR3S), University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan	In recent times, there has been increasing interest in the importance of agricultural soils as global carbon sinks, and the opportunity of enhancing the resilience of degraded agroecosystems - particularly in savannah regions of the world. However, this opportunity is largely a function of land use and/or land management choices, which differ between and within regions. In the present study, we investigated the role of agriculture land use and farm management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in the savannah regions of northern Ghana. We evaluated selected land use types by using an integrated approach, involving on-farm interviews, community transect walks, land use monitoring, and soil sampling. Our results indicated that, at the landscape level, community land use and resource needs are important determinants of SOC storage in farmlands. We determined low SOC accumulation across the investigated landscape; however, the relatively high SOC stock in protected lands compared with croplands implies the potential for increasing SOC build-up by using recommended management practices. Low incomes, constraints to fertilizer use, low biomass availability, and reductions in fallow periods remain as barriers to SOC buildup. In this context, global soil carbon storage potential and smallholder food production systems will benefit from an ecosystembased adaptation strategy that prioritizes building a portfolio of carbon stores at the landscape level.	Agricultural land use; Farm management practices; Northern ghana; Soil organic carbon	Carbon; Cultivation; Ecosystems; Land use; Soils; Adaptation strategies; Agricultural land use; Farm management; Food production systems; Management practices; Northern ghana; Soil organic carbon; Soil organic carbon storages; Farms	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55249126424	Landsat images for assessment of the impact of land use and land cover changes on the Barekese catchment in Ghana	Boakye E., Odai S.N., Adjei K.A., Annor F.O.	2008	European Journal of Scientific Research	22	2	None	Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Boakye, E., Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Odai, S.N., Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Adjei, K.A., Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Annor, F.O., Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	This paper describes assessment of the land use and land cover changes in the Barekese catchment of Ghana. The Barekese catchment forms part of the Offin River catchment which flows through the catchment before eventually feeding into the Barekese reservoir. Because of the economic importance of the reservoir, the Barekese catchment has been earmarked and reserved for the protection and development of the water resource. However increasing siltation in the reservoir has been attributed to land use and land cover changes in the catchment due to encroachment. LandSat TM images of 1973, 1986 and 2000 were analyzed using Erdas Imagine software and ArcGIS. A total of five broad land use and land cover classes were identified and mapped for 1973, 1986 and 2000. These were forest (close), open forest, grasslands, water bodies and open areas/towns. The results of the analysis showed that between 1973 and 2000, forest decreased by about 43%, open forest decreased by about 32%, while grassland and open areas/towns increased by about 700% and 1000%, respectively. The study identified population growth, timber logging and lack of proper education as causes of the changes in land use and land cover in the catchment area. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2008.	Barekese catchment; Ghana; Land cover change; Land use change; LandSat TM image	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55249096499	Lansat images for assessment of the impact of land use and land cover changes on the Barekese catchment in Ghana	Boakye E., Odai S.N., Adjei K.A., Annor F.O.	2008	European Journal of Scientific Research	21	4	None	Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, Ghana	Boakye, E., Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, Ghana; Odai, S.N., Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, Ghana; Adjei, K.A., Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, Ghana; Annor, F.O., Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi, Kumasi, Ashanti Region, Ghana	This paper describes assessment of the land use and land cover changes in the Barekese catchment of Ghana. The Barekese catchment forms part of the Offin River catchment which flows through the catchment before eventually feeding into the Barekese reservoir. Because of the economic importance of the reservoir, the Barekese catchment has been earmarked and reserved for the protection and development of the water resource. However increasing siltation in the reservoir has been attributed to land use and land cover changes in the catchment due to encroachment. LandSat TM images of 1973, 1986 and 2000 were analyzed using Erdas Imagine software and ArcGIS. A total of five broad land use and land cover classes were identified and mapped for 1973, 1986 and 2000. These were forest (close), open forest, grasslands, water bodies and open areas/towns. The results of the analysis showed that between 1973 and 2000, forest decreased by about 43%, open forest decreased by about 32%, while grassland and open areas/towns increased by about 700% and 1000%, respectively. The study identified population growth, timber logging and lack of proper education as causes of the changes in land use and land cover in the catchment area. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2008.	Barekese catchment; Ghana; Land cover change; Land use change; LandSat TM image	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33751354610	Petrographic studies of "fallout" suevite from outside the Bosumtwi impact structure, Ghana	Boamah D., Koeberl C.	2006	Meteoritics and Planetary Science	41	11	None	Department of Geological Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Geological Survey Department, P.O. Box M80, Accra, Ghana	Boamah, D., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, Geological Survey Department, P.O. Box M80, Accra, Ghana; Koeberl, C., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria	Field studies and a shallow drilling program carried out in 1999 provided information about thickness and distribution of suevite to the north of the Bosumtwi crater rim. Suevite occurrence there is known from an ∼1.5 km2 area; its thickness is ≤15 m. The present suevite distribution is likely the result of differential erosion and does not reflect the initial areal extent of continuous Bosumtwi ejecta deposits. Here we discuss the petrographic characteristics of drill core samples of melt-rich suevite. Macroscopic constituents of the suevites are melt bodies and crystalline and metasedimentary rock (granite, graywacke, phyllite, shale, schist, and possibly slate) clasts up to about 40 cm in size. Shock metamorphic effects in the clasts include multiple sets of planar deformation features (PDFs), diaplectic quartz and feldspar glasses, lechatelierite, and ballen quartz, besides biotite with kink bands. Basement rock clasts in the suevite represent all stages of shock metamorphism, ranging from samples without shock effects to completely shock-melted material that is indicative of shock pressures up to ∼60 GPa. © The Meteoritical Society, 2006.	None	crater; crystalline rock; ejecta; fallout; impact structure; metasedimentary rock; suevite; Africa; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250625648	The Lake Bosumtwi impact structure in Ghana: A brief environmental assessment and discussion of ecotourism potential	Boamah D., Koeberl C.	2007	Meteoritics and Planetary Science	42	42465	None	Department of Geological Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Geological Survey Department, P.O. Box M80, Accra, Ghana	Boamah, D., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, Geological Survey Department, P.O. Box M80, Accra, Ghana; Koeberl, C., Department of Geological Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria	Lake Bosumtwi is a natural inland freshwater lake that originated from a meteorite impact. The lake is becoming a popular tourist attraction in Ghana and has the potential to be developed as an ecotourism site in the future. However, there have been some unregulated human activities and unplanned infrastructure development, and there are increased levels of pollutants in the lake water. In order to make ecotourism at Lake Bosumtwi successful in the long term, the Lake Bosumtwi Development Committee has been formed to ensure that local people are empowered to mobilize their own capacities. It has been realized that an important criterion required to develop ecotourism in a socially responsible, economically efficient, and environmentally viable way is to foster a constructive dialogue between the local people and tourists about the needs of the indigenous people. © The Meteoritical Society, 2007. Printed in USA.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945472694	The impact of households characteristics on the state of housing in the Offinso South Municipality (OSM), Ghana	Boamah N.A.	2015	Environment, Development and Sustainability	17	6	10.1007/s10668-014-9603-0	Department of Real Estate and Land Management (DRELM), University for Development Studies, Wa Campus, P.O. Box 115, Wa, Upper West Region, Ghana	Boamah, N.A., Department of Real Estate and Land Management (DRELM), University for Development Studies, Wa Campus, P.O. Box 115, Wa, Upper West Region, Ghana	Housing deprivation is a major problem confronting Ghanaian households both in the urban and rural environments. This paper investigates the housing condition in the Offinso South Municipality (OSM). It finds out the adequacy of housing to households in the municipality. It sampled eight neighbourhoods in the OSM for data collection. Questionnaires were employed to garner empirical data from the households and property owners in the OSM. The paper finds out that there is high room occupancy rate and high household and population concentration in the housing units in the OSM. It notes that characteristics such as the level of education, authorization status of the house, annual household income, household size and autochthony correlate with measures of housing adequacy. The paper suggests that the municipal authority put in place appropriate standards to guide developers on the minimum acceptable housing facilities. Also, the municipal authority should adopt innovative approaches to encourage voluntary compliance to its building regulations. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Ghana; Housing facilities; Offinso South Municipality; Overcrowding; Room occupancy rate	education; household income; housing conditions; innovation; overcrowding; questionnaire survey; rural area; sustainability; urban area; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349103089	Soil erosion and risk-assessment for on- and off-farm impacts: A test case using the Midhurst area, West Sussex, UK	Boardman J., Shepheard M.L., Walker E., Foster I.D.L.	2009	Journal of Environmental Management	90	8	10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.01.018	Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Department of Molecular and Applied Biosciences, School of Biosciences, University of Westminster, Cavendish Campus, 115 New Cavendish St., London, W1W 6UW, United Kingdom; Department of Geography, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140 Eastern Cape, South Africa	Boardman, J., Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Shepheard, M.L., Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom; Walker, E., Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom; Foster, I.D.L., Department of Molecular and Applied Biosciences, School of Biosciences, University of Westminster, Cavendish Campus, 115 New Cavendish St., London, W1W 6UW, United Kingdom, Department of Geography, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140 Eastern Cape, South Africa	Soil erosion on agricultural land is a growing problem in Western Europe and constitutes a threat to soil quality and to the ability of soils to provide environmental services. The off-site impacts of runoff and eroded soil, principally eutrophication of water bodies, sedimentation of gravel-bedded rivers, loss of reservoir capacity, muddy flooding of roads and communities, are increasingly recognised and costed. The shift of funding in the European Union (EU) from production-related to avoidance of pollution and landscape protection, raises issues of cross-compliance: public support for agriculture has to be seen to give value-for-money. In this context risk-assessment procedures have been introduced to help farmers recognise sites where either certain crops should not be grown or anti-erosion measures are required. In England, Defra [Defra, 2005a. Controlling Soil Erosion: a Manual for the Assessment and Management of Agricultural Land at Risk of Water Erosion in Lowland England. Revised September 2005. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, London] sets out a system of risk-assessment, including ranking of crops susceptible to erosion and anti-erosion measures, that may be selected. We assess this system using field data for an area of erodible soils in the Rother valley, Sussex. The Defra approach correctly identifies most at-risk fields and, taken together with land-use maps, allows non-compliance with advice to be highlighted. We suggest a simple extension to the system which would further identify at-risk fields in terms of possible damage to roads and rivers from muddy runoff. The increased risk of erosion in the study area is associated with certain crops: potatoes, winter cereals, maize and grazed turnips and seems unlikely to be the result of changes in rainfall which over the last 130 years are minimal. We have not evaluated proposed anti-erosion measures in the area because few have been put into practice. The European Water Framework Directive will increasingly focus attention on agricultural fields as a source of river pollution. Assessing the risk of erosion and the need for field testing of suggested approaches, are not simply issues for the EU, but for the management of global agricultural systems. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Agricultural change; Climate change; Erosion; Land-use change; Muddy floods; Off-site impacts; Risk-assessment	agricultural change; agricultural land; climate change; environmental impact; European Union; eutrophication; land use change; risk assessment; runoff; soil erosion; agriculture; article; cereal; climate change; environmental impact; environmental protection; land use; landscape; maize; potato; risk assessment; river; soil erosion; soil quality; United Kingdom; water pollution; Agriculture; Conservation of Natural Resources; Environmental Monitoring; Great Britain; Risk Assessment; Soil; England; Eurasia; Europe; United Kingdom; West Sussex; Western Europe; Solanum tuberosum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84954221022	Extreme rainfall and its impact on cultivated landscapes with particular reference to Britain	Boardman J.	2015	Earth Surface Processes and Landforms	40	15	10.1002/esp.3792	Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Boardman, J., Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Extreme rainfall events (&gt;50mmday-1) falling on cultivated land which is relatively bare of vegetation cover, typically give rise to networks of rills and gullies with ephemeral gullies in depressions and valley bottoms. Farming practices such as the removal of field boundaries, the presence of wheelings and rolled surfaces encourage runoff. The coincidence of vulnerable crops such as maize, potatoes and sugar beet with erodible soils and sloping sites may lead to high rates of erosion associated with single events or wet seasons. Not all extreme rainfall events lead to runoff and erosion, this depends on timing with respect to the growing crop. Rates of erosion associated with extreme events may be high but when placed in a long-term temporal context, they tend to be quite low. Extreme events frequently lead to off-site impacts most notably muddy flooding of properties and the pollution of watercourses. Landscapes may be protected from extreme events by standard soil conservation techniques; off-site impacts may similarly be alleviated by flood-protection measures. In both cases, the challenge is to put in place adequate economic incentives, social pressures and governmental policy frameworks to incentivise effective action. Predicted rainfall changes in the future include wetter winters and increases in rain per rain-day. In this case, the risk of erosion on cultivated land will increase. However, erosion mitigation strategies should still address the issue of the incidence of high-risk crops on vulnerable sites. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Cultivated landscapes; Extreme rainfall; Runoff; Soil erosion	Crops; Cultivation; Erosion; Flood control; Floods; Land use; Landforms; Precipitation (meteorology); Runoff; Soil conservation; Soils; Sugar beets; Water pollution; Cultivated landscapes; Economic incentive; Ephemeral gullies; Erosion mitigation; Extreme rainfall; Farming practices; Governmental policies; Soil erosion; Rain; arable land; climate effect; extreme event; precipitation intensity; runoff; soil conservation; soil erosion; United Kingdom; Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris; Solanum tuberosum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879807578	Health insurance in Ghana: Evaluation of policy holders' perceptions and factors influencing policy renewal in the Volta region	Boateng D., Awunyor-Vitor D.	2013	International Journal for Equity in Health	12	1	10.1186/1475-9276-12-50	Department of Community Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Agricultural Economics, Agribusiness and Extension, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Boateng, D., Department of Community Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Awunyor-Vitor, D., Department of Agricultural Economics, Agribusiness and Extension, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Background: Health insurance is an important mechanism that succors individuals, states and the nation at large. The purpose of this study was to assess individual's attitude towards health insurance policy and the factors that influence respondents' decision to renew their health insurance policy when it expires. Methods. This cross sectional study was conducted in the Volta region of Ghana. A total of 300 respondents were randomly sampled and interviewed for the study. Data was collected at the household level and analyzed with STATA software. Descriptive statistics was used to assess the demographic characteristics of the respondents while Logistic regression model was used to assess factors that influence respondents' decision to take up health insurance policy and renew it. Results: The study results indicate that 61.1% of respondents are currently being enrolled in the NHIS, 23.9% had not renewed their insurance after enrollment and 15% had never enrolled. Reasons cited for non-renewal of insurance included poor service quality (58%), lack of money (49%) and taste of other sources of care (23%). The gender, marital status, religion and perception of health status of respondents significantly influenced their decision to enroll and remain in NHIS. Conclusion: NHIS has come to stay with clients testifying to its benefits in keeping them strong and healthy. Efforts therefore must be put in by all stakeholders including the community to educate the individuals on the benefits of health insurance to ensure all have optimal access. © 2013 Boateng and Awunyor-vitor; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Ghana; Health insurance; Policy renewal; Volta region	assessment method; decision making; demography; health insurance; numerical model; policy making; software; adult; agricultural worker; article; attitude to health; christian; cross-sectional study; education; female; gender; Ghana; health insurance; health status; household; human; income; male; marriage; married person; money; moslem; perception; priority journal; quantitative study; religion; Adolescent; Adult; Attitude to Health; Cross-Sectional Studies; Decision Making; Female; Ghana; Health Policy; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; National Health Programs; Socioeconomic Factors; Young Adult; Ghana; Volta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938510013	The effects of knowledge sharing and knowledge application on service recovery performance	Boateng H., Agyemang F.G.	2015	Business Information Review	32	2	10.1177/0266382115587852	University of Ghana Business School, Ghana; Spiritan University College, Ghana	Boateng, H., University of Ghana Business School, Ghana; Agyemang, F.G., Spiritan University College, Ghana	This study set out to discover the effects of knowledge sharing (KS) and knowledge application (KA) on service recovery performance (SRP) through survey-based research. The population of the study consisted of front-line employees of hotels in Accra. The study found significant and positive effects of both KS and KA on SRP. Data were analysed using linear and multiple regression. © 2015, © The Author(s) 2015.	Hospitality sector; knowledge application; knowledge management; knowledge sharing; service recovery performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84914164332	The mining sector in Ghana-perspectives of socio-economic and environmental impacts	Boatri W.E., Kabat L., Verner V., Kabutey A., Agbettoh-Mawuli D.	2015	International Business Management	9	3	10.3923/ibm.2015.334.343	Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; National Population Council Secretariat, Ghana	Boatri, W.E., Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Kabat, L., Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Verner, V., Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Kabutey, A., Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Agbettoh-Mawuli, D., National Population Council Secretariat, Ghana	Developing countries depend mainly on the economic contribution of mining industry. In Ghana, the industry in 2011 contributed 5.5% of gross domestic product and 14% of taxes revenue. Export receipt appreciated by 60% in that same year which was mostly driven by an increase in export gains from gold production and crude oil petroleum export. Environmental problems associated with mining are of great concern in the country. The aim of this study was to analyze the perception of socio-economic benefits and environmental implications using a field survey in mining and non-mining communities (Tarkwa, Prestea Bogoso and Accra, Cape Coast, Ho, respectively). A Chi-square Goodness-of-Fit test was employed to analyze data on demographic information of respondents. The analyzed data indicated that positive responses were expressed on significant contribution of mining to the economy and communities, respectively. Negative responses were shown on environmental issues and its management by regulatory institutions and other stakeholders. © Medwell Journals, 2015.	Compensation; Contributions; Dependency; Environment impacts; Mining; Pollution	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901785250	Field-Evaluation of a New Lateral Flow Assay for Detection of Cellular and Humoral Immunity against Mycobacterium leprae	Bobosha K., Tjon Kon Fat E.M., van den Eeden S.J.F., Bekele Y., van der Ploeg-van Schip J.J., de Dood C.J., Dijkman K., Franken K.L.M.C., Wilson L., Aseffa A., Spencer J.S., Ottenhoff T.H.M., Corstjens P.L.A.M., Geluk A.	2014	PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases	8	5	10.1371/journal.pntd.0002845	Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States	Bobosha, K., Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Tjon Kon Fat, E.M., Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; van den Eeden, S.J.F., Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Bekele, Y., Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; van der Ploeg-van Schip, J.J., Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; de Dood, C.J., Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Dijkman, K., Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Franken, K.L.M.C., Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Wilson, L., Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Aseffa, A., Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Spencer, J.S., Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Ottenhoff, T.H.M., Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Corstjens, P.L.A.M., Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Geluk, A., Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands	Background:Field-applicable tests detecting asymptomatic Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) infection or predicting progression to leprosy, are urgently required. Since the outcome of M. leprae infection is determined by cellular- and humoral immunity, we aim to develop diagnostic tests detecting pro-/anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines as well as antibodies against M. leprae. Previously, we developed lateral flow assays (LFA) for detection of cytokines and anti-PGL-I antibodies. Here we evaluate progress of newly developed LFAs for applications in resource-poor settings.Methods:The combined diagnostic value of IP-10, IL-10 and anti-PGL-I antibodies was tested using M. leprae-stimulated blood of leprosy patients and endemic controls (EC). For reduction of the overall test-to-result time the minimal whole blood assay time required to detect distinctive responses was investigated. To accommodate LFAs for field settings, dry-format LFAs for IP-10 and anti-PGL-I antibodies were developed allowing storage and shipment at ambient temperatures. Additionally, a multiplex LFA-format was applied for simultaneous detection of anti-PGL-I antibodies and IP-10. For improved sensitivity and quantitation upconverting phosphor (UCP) reporter technology was applied in all LFAs.Results:Single and multiplex UCP-LFAs correlated well with ELISAs. The performance of dry reagent assays and portable, lightweight UCP-LF strip readers indicated excellent field-robustness. Notably, detection of IP-10 levels in stimulated samples allowed a reduction of the whole blood assay time from 24 h to 6 h. Moreover, IP-10/IL-10 ratios in unstimulated plasma differed significantly between patients and EC, indicating the feasibility to identify M. leprae infection in endemic areas.Conclusions:Dry-format UCP-LFAs are low-tech, robust assays allowing detection of relevant cytokines and antibodies in response to M. leprae in the field. The high levels of IP-10 and the required shorter whole blood assay time, render this cytokine useful to discriminate between leprosy patients and EC. © 2014 Bobosha et al.	None	gamma interferon; gamma interferon inducible protein 10; genomic DNA; interleukin 10; phenolic glycolipid I; bacterial antigen; bacterium antibody; cytokine; antibody detection; article; cellular immunity; controlled study; cytokine production; diagnostic procedure; diagnostic value; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; Ethiopia; human; humoral immunity; immunoaffinity chromatography; lateral flow assay; leprosy; Limulus lysate test; microbial identification; Mycobacterium leprae; Netherlands; optical density; polymerase chain reaction; program feasibility; sensitivity analysis; treatment outcome; blood; immunological procedures; immunology; kinetics; leprosy; metabolism; procedures; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antigens, Bacterial; Cytokines; Humans; Immunologic Tests; Kinetics; Leprosy; Mycobacterium leprae	EDCTP, New York Community Trust; P13-000392, NYCT, New York Community Trust
Scopus	2-s2.0-63049104608	Evaluation of dough sensory properties impacted by yeasts isolated from cassava	Boboye B., Dayo-Owoyemi I.	2009	Journal of Applied Sciences	9	4	None	Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	Boboye, B., Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Dayo-Owoyemi, I., Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria	This study is focused on isolating and identifying yeasts found in cassava as well as assessing the dough fermenting abilities of the isolates in term of leavening. A total of seven yeasts were isolated from the liquor of a four days fermented cassava. These are Geotrichum lactis, Saccharomyces ellipsoideus, Candida tropicalis, C. robusta, C. intermidia. Debaryomyces hansenii and Zygosaccharomyces bailii. They were used to ferment wheat flour doughs in order to test the fermentative ability of the isolates. The fermented doughs were baked and organoleptic analysis was carried out using some physical parameters namely: leavening. texture, aroma, taste and appearance. The analysis showed that Saccharomyces ellipsoideus, Geotrichum lactis and Candida robusta were best in leavening the flour doughs. Each of these isolates scored between 55 and 60% in all the attributes tested. In the sensory attributes applied, statistical analysis using ANOVA (p<0.05) and Duncan Multiple Range Test showed tb4t about 71 and 80% of the tested isolates compared favourably with the commercial baker's yeasts STK Royal and Saf-instant used. © 2009 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Cassava yeasts; Fermentation; Flour dough; Sensory properties	Candida tropicalis; Debaryomyces hansenii; Duncan multiple range test; Flour doughs; Physical parameters; Sensory attributes; Sensory properties; Wheat-flour dough; Candida; Fermentation; Plants (botany); Yeast	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84952299774	Environmental impact of elemental concentration and distribution in waters, soils and plants along the Lokoja-Abuja pipeline routes of Bida Basin, northwestern Nigeria	Boboye O.A., Abumere I.O.	2014	Journal of African Earth Sciences	99	None	10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.04.008	Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Blueback Reservoirs Ltd., 1 Berry Street, Aberdeen, United Kingdom	Boboye, O.A., Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Abumere, I.O., Blueback Reservoirs Ltd., 1 Berry Street, Aberdeen, United Kingdom	This paper presents environmental study carried out to evaluate the impacts of elements' concentrations in water, soil, plants and the level of environmental damage. This is to establish the rate of pollution and degree of enrichment to enhance delineation of highly polluted areas along the pipeline routes. It was achieved by determining their spatial distribution, concentration and/or occurrences as well as the possible sources of enrichment. Forty-six (46) surface water samples were collected during the dry season while thirty (30) surface water samples were collected in the wet season respectively. The sampling was systematically carried out at diverse locations along the streams and major rivers to broadly cover the variation in the area. Fifty-one (51) soil samples were collected during dry and wet seasons to determine the texture, heavy metal concentration and physico-chemical characteristics. Thirty (30) and twenty-six (26) samples of stream and river sediments were also collected during the dry and wet seasons for physico-chemical characterization, texture and heavy metal concentrations. Ten plant tissues were collected and analysed to ascertain the rate of absorption. The results of the surface water during the dry and wet seasons showed slight acidity while the Electrical Conductivity revealed that the major ions are higher in the dry season. The major anions and cations accounted for about 71% and 29% of the Total Dissolved Solids respectively. The higher concentrations of Fe in the stream sediments and soil than that in the water and plant tissues suggest the weathering of oolitic, pisolitic and argillaceous ironstone within the area. Concentration of NH4 emanate from anthropogenic sources. Textural classification revealed sand dominated soil which confirmed that the soil and stream sediment are autochthonous. The concentration of heavy metals and cations for both seasons in the plant tissues showed no discrepancy. The hydro-chemical facies characterization of the surface water identified two water groups of Ca-HCO3 and Na-K-Cl. The water chemistry evolution in this area is controlled dominantly by weathering and precipitation in the wet season. There is strong soil-plant relationship which is evident in their enrichment. Heavy metal distribution is generally within the acceptable limit except for few locations where Pb, Zn and Fe are of high concentration. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Autochthonous; Enrichments; Facies; Heavy metals; Seasons; Texture	concentration (composition); enrichment; environmental impact; heavy metal; pipeline; surface water; water pollution; water quality; wet season; Bida Basin	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922994537	Evaluation of bio-molecular signatures and hydrocarbon potential of upper Cretaceous shale, NE Nigeria	Boboye O.A., Nzegwu U.A.	2014	Journal of African Earth Sciences	99	PA2	10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.04.014	Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Boboye, O.A., Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Nzegwu, U.A., Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria	The Bornu Basin is a sector of the Chad Basin located in the northeastern part of Nigeria, occupying about one-tenth of total area in Chad Basin. Twenty-eight representative shale cutting samples retrieved from Tuma-1, Sa-1 and Albarka-1 exploratory wells were analyzed. Seventeen shale samples systematically selected from Gongila, Fika Shale and Chad Formations were subjected to Total Organic Content (TOC), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, Soluble Organic Matter, Liquid Chromatography, Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry analyses. This is to characterize and assess the potential capability of the shale units. The results showed that TOC of the Coniacian-Paleocene shale units exceed the threshold (0.5 wt%) needed for petroleum generation. This classifies it as potential source beds. Evidence from biomarkers indicates a preponderance of marine organic matter with subordinate terrigenous input. The quantity of gammacerane occurrence suggests normal saline environment. The presence of oleanane index indicates angiosperms input into Cretaceous-Tertiary source rock. C35/C34 homohopane ratio showed the anoxia development towards the center of the basin. C29ααα (20R)/C27ααα (20R) sterane ratio indicate the dominance of marine organic matter with subordinate terrigenous input. The 22S/(22S + 22R) ratio of C31 hopane have not reached equilibrium as evident by immaturity to early mature stages from diagnostic ratios of βα moretane/βα hopane, Ts/(Ts + Tm), 28,30-bisnorhopanes/17α-hopanes, diasteranes/ regular steranes, ααα steranes/αββ steranes and 20S/(20S + 20R) C29 regular steranes respectively. This is corroborated with the Rock-Eval indices showing immature to earlier mature kerogen within the Fika Formation. It consists preeminently of Type IV, with subordinate Type III. The prospect for hydrocarbon in this part of the basin is only fair to moderate with potential for gaseous rather than liquid hydrocarbon. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Anoxia; Biomarkers; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; Kerogen; Organic matter; Thermal maturation	anoxia; biomarker; Cretaceous; gas chromatography; hydrocarbon exploration; hydrocarbon generation; hydrocarbon reservoir; kerogen; mass spectrometry; organic matter; shale; source rock; thermal maturity; Chad Basin; Nigeria; Magnoliophyta	None
None	None	Physical performance limitations of luminescent down-conversion layers for photovoltaic applications	Boccolini A., Marques-Hueso J., Chen D., Wang Y., Richards B.S.	2014	Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells	122	None	10.1016/j.solmat.2013.11.005	Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom; State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, Tengeru, Arusha, Tanzania	Boccolini, A., Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom; Marques-Hueso, J., Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom; Chen, D., State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Wang, Y., State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Richards, B.S., Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, Tengeru, Arusha, Tanzania	An optical model is presented to determine the constraints imparted by self-absorption on the luminescence emitted from down-conversion (DC) materials. An analytical formula was derived demonstrating that, for a given DC material, an optimal thickness exists that maximizes the intensity of the emitted radiation, while minimizing the impact of self-absorption. This defines a new limit for the optical efficiency of a DC material that is governed by its geometry. Subsequently, the model was validated through experimental analysis of a specific down-converting borate glass co-doped with Ce3+-Yb 3+, whose optimal thickness has been determined to be 0.83 mm. The model clarifies the origin of the disparity between the theoretical and the experimental efficiencies reported for some materials. The results from this work assist with the design and implementation of DC layers for photovoltaic devices, as well as providing a framework for optimization of DC materials to other fields of optics and photonics. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Down-conversion; Luminescence; Photovoltaics; Quantum cutting; Spectral conversion; Third generation	Downconversion; Photovoltaics; Quantum cutting; Spectral conversion; Third generation; Light; Luminescence; Optimization; Materials	None
WoS	WOS:000344206200017	One-year evaluation of the impact of an emergency obstetric and neonatal care training program in Western Kenya	Bocking, Alan D.,Caloia, David,Chemwolo, Benjamin,Christoffersen-Deb, Astrid,Maina, Loise,Omenge, Elkanah,Sitters, Johanna,Spitzer, Rachel F.,Steele, Sarah Jane,Thorne, Julie,Yarmoshuk, Aaron	2014	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGY &amp; OBSTETRICS	127	2	10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.05.023	Moi University, University of Toronto	"Bocking, Alan D.: University of Toronto","Caloia, David: University of Toronto","Omenge, Elkanah: Moi University","Spitzer, Rachel F.: University of Toronto","Steele, Sarah Jane: University of Toronto","Thorne, Julie: University of Toronto","Yarmoshuk, Aaron: University of Toronto",	Objective: To determine the impact of introducing an emergency obstetric and neonatal care training program on maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldora Kenya. Methods: A prospective chart review was conducted of all deliveries during the 3-month period (November 2009 to January 2010) before the introduction of the Advances in Labor and Risk Management International Program (AIP), and in the 3-month period (August-November 2011) 1 year after the introduction of the AIP. All women who were admitted and delivered after 28 weeks of pregnancy were included. The primary outcome was the direct obstetric case fatality rate. Results: A total of 1741 deliveries occurred during the baseline period and 1812 in the post-intervention period. Only one mother died in each period. However, postpartum hemorrhage rates decreased, affecting 59 (3.5%) of 1669 patients before implementation and 40 (2.3%) of 1751 afterwards (P = 0.029). The number of patients who received oxytocin increased from 829 (47.6%) to 1669 (92.1%; P&lt; 0.001). Additionally, the number of neonates with 5-minute Apgar scores of less than 5 reduced from 133 (7.7%) of 1717 to 95 (5.4%) of 1745 (P = 0.006). Conclusion: The introduction of the AIP improved maternal outcomes. There were significant differences related to use of oxytocin and postpartum hemorrhage. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. on behalf of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.	"Emergency obstetric and neonatal care (EmONC)",evaluation,"MATERNAL MORBIDITY","MATERNAL MORTALITY",OBSTETRICS,TRAINING,"CLUSTER-RANDOMIZED TRIAL",MALI,"MATERNAL MORTALITY",QUALITY-OF-CARE,QUARITE,RISK-MANAGEMENT,SENEGAL,TECHNOLOGY	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930061414	Evaluation of the diagnostic performance and operational characteristics of four rapid immunochromatographic syphilis tests in burkina faso	Bocoum F.Y., Ouédraogo H., Tarnagda G., Kiba A., Tiendrebeogo S., Bationo F., Liestman B., Diagbouga S., Zarowsky C., Traoré R.O., Kouanda S.	2015	African Health Sciences	15	2	10.4314/ahs.v15i2.8	Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Département biomédical et santé publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Free Afrik, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; University of Western Cape, School of Public Health, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre Régional de Transfusion Sanguine (CRTS), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States; Université de Ouagadougou, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie	Bocoum, F.Y., Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Département biomédical et santé publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Free Afrik, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, University of Western Cape, School of Public Health, Cape Town, South Africa; Ouédraogo, H., Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Département biomédical et santé publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Tarnagda, G., Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Département biomédical et santé publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Kiba, A., Centre Régional de Transfusion Sanguine (CRTS), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Tiendrebeogo, S., Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Département biomédical et santé publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Bationo, F., Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Département biomédical et santé publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Liestman, B., Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States; Diagbouga, S., Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Département biomédical et santé publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Zarowsky, C., University of Western Cape, School of Public Health, Cape Town, South Africa; Traoré, R.O., Université de Ouagadougou, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie; Kouanda, S., Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé (IRSS), Département biomédical et santé publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso	Background and objective: Little information is available on the rapid diagnostic testing for syphilis in Burkina Faso. The objectives of the study were (i) to assess the sensitivity and specificity of four on site rapid tests in comparison with Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) as a gold standard and (ii) to evaluate the operational characteristics of those tests among health workers in a maternity unit. Methods: Four rapid syphilis tests commercially available in Burkina Faso were evaluated using archived serum samples and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) as the gold standard. Blood samples were collected between November 2011 and June 2012 from blood donors at the Regional Blood Transfusion Center of Ouagadougou. The sensitivity and specificity of the tests were calculated. Evaluation of operational characteristics such as clarity of pamphlet, complexity of technique, duration, was conducted in a first-level healthcare center with health workers in maternity unit. Results: Alere DetermineTM Syphilis was the most sensitive of the four rapid syphilis tests evaluated. It was followed by SD Bioline Syphilis 3.0, Cypress Diagnostics Syphilis Quick test and Accu-Tell ® Rapid Anti-TP, which was the least sensitive. The four tests demonstrated a good diagnostic specificity for syphilis (95–98%), and healthcare workers found them easy to use. Conclusions: The study allowed confirming the good performance of three of four rapid syphilis tests in Burkina Faso. More research will be conducted to assess the feasibility of introducing selected rapid tests for syphilis in antenatal care services. © 2015 Makerere University, Medical School. All rights reserved.	Burkina Faso; Performance; Rapid test; Syphilis	Article; blood sampling; Burkina Faso; comparative effectiveness; controlled study; cypress diagnostics syphilis quick test; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test accuracy study; human; intermethod comparison; rapid anti Treponema pallidum test; SD bioline syphilis 3.0 test; sensitivity analysis; sensitivity and specificity; syphilis; syphilis rapid test; syphilis Treponema pallidum test; Treponema pallidum hemagglutination test	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891132325	Stability of ampelometric characteristics of vitis vinifrra l. cv.'syrah' and 'sauvignon blanc' leaves: Impact of within-vineyard variability and pruning method/bud load	Bodor P., Baranyai L., Ladányi M., Bálo B., Strever A.E., Bisztray G.D., Hunter J.J.	2013	South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture	34	1	None	Department of 'Viticulture, Institute of Viticulture and Oenology, Corvinus University of Budapest, 29-43 Villányi Street, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physics and Automatization, Faculty of Food Sciences, Corvinus University of Budapest, 14-16 Somlói Street, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Horticultural Sciences, Corvinus University of Budapest, 29-43 'Villányi Street, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; Robert Károly College, Research Institute of Viticulture and Enology, Kölyuktetö Pf.: 83, Eger H-3300, Hungary; Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag Xi, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa; ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij 1, Private Bag X5026, 7599, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Bodor, P., Department of 'Viticulture, Institute of Viticulture and Oenology, Corvinus University of Budapest, 29-43 Villányi Street, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; Baranyai, L., Department of Physics and Automatization, Faculty of Food Sciences, Corvinus University of Budapest, 14-16 Somlói Street, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; Ladányi, M., Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Horticultural Sciences, Corvinus University of Budapest, 29-43 'Villányi Street, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; Bálo, B., Robert Károly College, Research Institute of Viticulture and Enology, Kölyuktetö Pf.: 83, Eger H-3300, Hungary; Strever, A.E., Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag Xi, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Bisztray, G.D., Department of 'Viticulture, Institute of Viticulture and Oenology, Corvinus University of Budapest, 29-43 Villányi Street, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary; Hunter, J.J., Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag Xi, Matieland, 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa, ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij 1, Private Bag X5026, 7599, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Historically, grapevine (Vids vinifera L.) leaf characterisation has been a driving force in the identificationof cultivars. In this study, ampelometric (foliometric) analysis was done on leaf samples collected fromhand-pruned, mechanically pruned and minimally pruned 'Sauvignon blanc' and 'Syrah' vines to estimatethe impact of within-vineyard variabifity and a change in bud load on the stabifity of leaf properties.The results showed that within-vineyard variabifity of ampelometric characteristics was high within acultivar, irrespective of bud load. In terms of the O.I.V. coding system, zero to four class differences wereobserved between minimum and maximum values of each characteristic. The value of variabifity of eachcharacteristic was different between the three levels of bud load and the two cultivars. With respect to budload, the number of shoots per vine had a significant effect on the characteristics of the leaf laminae. Singleleaf area and lengths of veins changed significantly for both cultivars, irrespective of treatment, while anglebetween veins proved to be a stable characteristic. A large number of biometric data can be recorded on asingle leaf; the data measured on several leaves, however, are not necessarily unique for a specific cultivar.The leaf characteristics analysed in this study can be divided into two groups according to the response toa change in bud load, i.e. stable (angles between the veins, depths of sinuses) and variable (length of theveins, length of the petiole, single leaf area). The variable characteristics are not recommended to be usedin cultivar identification, unless the pruning method/bud load is known.	Foliometry; Grapevine; Leaves; Pruning; Variability	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35548956429	Evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests: Visceral leishmaniasis	Boelaert M., Bhattacharya S., Chappuis F., El Safi S.H., Hailu A., Mondal D., Rijal S., Sundar S., Wasunna M., Peeling R.W.	2007	Nature Reviews Microbiology	5	None	10.1038/nrmicro1766	Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India; Höpital Universitaire de Genëve, 24 rue Micheli-du-Crest, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland; Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khartoum University, PO Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan; Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Black Lion Hospital, PO Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; LSD, ICDDRB, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal; Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India; Centre for Clinical Research (CCR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), PO Box 20778, 00202 Nairobi, Kenya; UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank, WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland	Boelaert, M., Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; Bhattacharya, S., Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India; Chappuis, F., Höpital Universitaire de Genëve, 24 rue Micheli-du-Crest, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland; El Safi, S.H., Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Khartoum University, PO Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan; Hailu, A., Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Black Lion Hospital, PO Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Mondal, D., LSD, ICDDRB, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; Rijal, S., B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal; Sundar, S., Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India; Wasunna, M., Centre for Clinical Research (CCR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), PO Box 20778, 00202 Nairobi, Kenya; Peeling, R.W., UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank, WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland	[No abstract available]	None	agglutination test; antigen detection; article; biomedical technology assessment; clinical competence; comorbidity; data analysis; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; health care facility; human; immunoaffinity chromatography; informed consent; laboratory diagnosis; Leishmania; methodology; microscopy; parasite identification; patient selection; priority journal; professional standard; quality control; sensitivity and specificity; serodiagnosis; tissue preservation; visceral leishmaniasis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942436098	Immunization routes in cattle impact the levels and neutralizing capacity of antibodies induced against S. aureus immune evasion proteins	Boerhout E., Vrieling M., Benedictus L., Daemen I., Ravesloot L., Rutten V., Nuijten P., Van Strijp J., Koets A., Eisenberg S.	2015	Veterinary Research	46	1	10.1186/s13567-015-0243-7	Ruminant Research and Development, MSD Animal Health, Wim de Körverstraat 35, Boxmeer, Netherlands; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center, PO G04.614,Utrecht Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, South Africa; Department of Bacteriology and TSE, Central Veterinary Institute Part, Edelhertweg 15,Wageningen UR PO box 65, Lelystad, Netherlands	Boerhout, E., Ruminant Research and Development, MSD Animal Health, Wim de Körverstraat 35, Boxmeer, Netherlands, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, Utrecht, Netherlands; Vrieling, M., Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, Utrecht, Netherlands, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center, PO G04.614,Utrecht Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, Netherlands; Benedictus, L., Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, Utrecht, Netherlands; Daemen, I., Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, Utrecht, Netherlands; Ravesloot, L., Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, Utrecht, Netherlands; Rutten, V., Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, Utrecht, Netherlands, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, South Africa; Nuijten, P., Ruminant Research and Development, MSD Animal Health, Wim de Körverstraat 35, Boxmeer, Netherlands; Van Strijp, J., Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center, PO G04.614,Utrecht Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, Netherlands; Koets, A., Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, Utrecht, Netherlands, Department of Bacteriology and TSE, Central Veterinary Institute Part, Edelhertweg 15,Wageningen UR PO box 65, Lelystad, Netherlands; Eisenberg, S., Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, Utrecht, Netherlands	Vaccines against S. aureus bovine mastitis are scarce and show limited protection only. All currently available vaccines are applied via the parenteral (usually intramuscular) route. It is unknown, however, whether this route is the most suitable to specifically increase intramammary immunity to combat S. aureus at the site of infection. Hence, in the present study, immunization via mucosal (intranasal; IN), intramuscular (triangle of the neck; IM), intramammary (IMM) and subcutaneous (suspensory ligament; SC) routes were analyzed for their effects on the quantity of the antibody responses in serum and milk as well as the neutralizing capacity of the antibodies within serum. The experimental vaccine comprised the recombinant S. aureus immune evasion proteins extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein (Efb) and the leukotoxin subunit LukM in an oil-in-water adjuvant combined with a hydrogel and alginate. The highest titer increases for both Efb and LukM specific IgG1 and IgG2 antibody levels in serum and milk were observed following SC/SC immunizations. Furthermore, the harmful effects of Efb and leukotoxin LukMF' on host-defense were neutralized by serum antibodies in a route-dependent manner. SC/SC immunization resulted in a significant increase in the neutralizing capacity of serum antibodies towards Efb and LukMF', shown by increased phagocytosis of S. aureus and increased viability of bovine leukocytes. Therefore, a SC immunization route should be considered when aiming to optimize humoral immunity against S. aureus mastitis in cattle. © 2015 Boerhout et al.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898946765	Relationship between maximal exercise parameters and individual time trial performance in elite cyclists with physical disabilities	Boer P.-H., Terblanche E.	2014	South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation	36	1	None	Department of Sport Science, North West University, Mafikeng, South Africa; Department of Sport Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Boer, P.-H., Department of Sport Science, North West University, Mafikeng, South Africa; Terblanche, E., Department of Sport Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	It is widely accepted that the ventilatory threshold (VT) is an important determinant of endurance performance. This study investigated whether the physiological responses during a 20km time trial (TT) in cyclists with physical disabilities (medium to high functional ability) relate to their VT and also to determine which variable(s) best predict their performances. Nine elite cyclists (19±2yrs; 170±10cm; 62±8kg; 53±8 ml.min-1.kg-1) participated in the study. Subjects performed a ramped exercise protocol (20W·min-1) to exhaustion and a self-paced, 20km TT on the Velotron cycle ergometer. Mean values for heart rate (HR) (181±8bpm) and %HR max (92±3.13%) for the 20km TT were not significantly different when compared to values at VT (HR: 180±8bpm, %HR max: 93±1.17). However, the mean power output (PO) during the TT (199±42W) was significantly lower (p&lt;0.05) than the PO at the VT (250±65W). Peak power output (PPO) predicted 83% of the variance when performance was measured as 20km average watts and was the only significant variable, amongst all VT and maximal variables, included in the stepwise multiple regression model. These results suggest that the self-selected exercise intensity of cyclists with physical disabilities during a 20km TT and their VT is similar when exercise intensity is expressed as average HR and %HR max. Secondly, it has been shown for the first time that, similar to able-bodied cyclists, PPO at VT correlates best with TT performance in cyclists with disabilities.	Cycling; Disabilities; Peak power output; Performance; Time trial; Ventilatory threshold	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875055160	Nutritional status and cognitive performance of mother-child pairs in Sidama, Southern Ethiopia	Bogale A., Stoecker B.J., Kennedy T., Hubbs-Tait L., Thomas D., Abebe Y., Hambidge K.M.	2013	Maternal and Child Nutrition	9	2	10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00345.x	Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States; Human Development and Family Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States; Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States; College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Awassa, Ethiopia; School of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States	Bogale, A., Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Awassa, Ethiopia; Stoecker, B.J., Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States; Kennedy, T., Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States; Hubbs-Tait, L., Human Development and Family Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States; Thomas, D., Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States; Abebe, Y., College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Awassa, Ethiopia; Hambidge, K.M., School of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States	The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status and cognitive performance of women and their 5-year-old children using a cross-sectional design. Cognitive performance of mothers and children was assessed with Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices (CPM) and Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-II (KABC-II). Demographic characteristics, food consumption patterns and anthropometry were also measured. Four rural districts in Sidama, southern Ethiopia served as the setting for this study. Subjects were one hundred women and their 5-year-old children. Mean±standard deviation age of the mothers was 29±6 years and family size was 7.0±2.6. Maternal body mass index (BMI) ranged from 15.3 to 29.0 with 14% of the mothers having BMI<18.5. Anthropometric assessment of children revealed 29% to be stunted (height-for-age z-score<-2) and 12% to be underweight (weight-for-age z-score<-2). Mothers' education significantly contributed to prediction of both mothers' and children's cognitive test scores. There were significant differences in mean cognitive test scores between stunted and non-stunted, and between underweight and normal-weight children. Height-for-age z-scores were correlated with scores for short-term memory (r=0.42, P<0.001), and visual processing (r=0.42, P<0.001) indices and weight-for-age z-scores were also correlated with scores of short-term memory (r=0.41, P<0.001) and visual processing (r=0.43, P<0.001) indices. Malnutrition in the community likely contributed to the cognitive performance of the subjects. Performance on memory and visual processing tasks was significantly lower in children with growth deficits suggesting that efficient and cost effective methods to alleviate malnutrition and food insecurity would impact not only child health but also cognitive function. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Anthropometry; Cognition; Ethiopia; KABC-II; Malnutrition; Raven's CPM	adult; age; article; body height; body mass; body weight; child; clinical assessment; clinical assessment tool; cognition; cross-sectional study; educational status; Ethiopia; family size; female; food intake; hand movement; human; Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children II; major clinical study; malnutrition; maternal age; mother child relation; nutritional status; prediction; preschool child; priority journal; Ravens Colored Progressive Matrices; recall; rural area; short term memory; stunting; underweight; vision; Adult; Anthropometry; Child, Preschool; Cognition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Educational Status; Ethiopia; Family Characteristics; Feeding Behavior; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Malnutrition; Memory, Short-Term; Mothers; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Status; Rural Population; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35148850067	Population dynamics in a long-lived seabird: I. Impact of breeding activity on survival and breeding probability in unbanded king penguins	Bohec C.L., Gauthier-Clerc M., Grémillet D., Pradel R., Béchet A., Gendner J.-P., Maho Y.L.	2007	Journal of Animal Ecology	76	6	10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01268.x	Département d'Écologie, Physiologie et Éthologie, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Strasbourg, France; Centre de Recherche de la Tour du Valat, Arles, France; Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive, Montpellier, France; Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, NRF/DST Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; IPHC, 23 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France	Bohec, C.L., Département d'Écologie, Physiologie et Éthologie, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Strasbourg, France, IPHC, 23 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France; Gauthier-Clerc, M., Centre de Recherche de la Tour du Valat, Arles, France; Grémillet, D., Département d'Écologie, Physiologie et Éthologie, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Strasbourg, France, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, NRF/DST Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Pradel, R., Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive, Montpellier, France; Béchet, A., Centre de Recherche de la Tour du Valat, Arles, France; Gendner, J.-P., Département d'Écologie, Physiologie et Éthologie, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Strasbourg, France; Maho, Y.L., Département d'Écologie, Physiologie et Éthologie, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Strasbourg, France	1. Understanding the trade-off between current reproductive effort, future survival and future breeding attempts is crucial for demographic analyses and life history studies. 2. We investigated this trade-off in a population of king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) marked individually with transponders using multistate capture-recapture models. 3. This colonial seabird species has a low annual proportion of non-breeders (13%), despite a breeding cycle which lasts over 1 year. To draw inferences about the consequences of non-breeding, we tested for an effect of reproductive activity on survival and on the probability of subsequent breeding. 4. We found that birds non-breeding in year t show the same survival rate as breeders (two-states analysis: breeding and non-breeding). However, breeders had a lower probability of breeding again the following year. This negative phenotypic correlation suggests the existence of reproductive costs affecting future breeding probability, but it might also be strengthened by late arrival for courtship in year t. 5. A three-state analysis including breeding success revealed that failed breeders in year t have a lower probability to reproduce successfully in year t + 1 than non-breeders in year t, providing some evidence for the existence of reproductive costs. Moreover, successful breeders showed higher survival probability. This positive phenotypic correlation between current reproduction and subsequent survival supports the hypothesis of an heterogeneity in individual quality. 6. Males breeding in year t had a lower probability to breed again in year t + 1 than females, suggesting higher reproductive costs for this sex. Such additional costs might be due to higher male parental investment in the final phase of chick-rearing, which also delays the arrival of males in year t + 1, and decreases their breeding probability. 7. Our study is the first to explore the breeding biology and the demography of penguins without the disturbance of flipper-bands. © 2007 The Authors.	Heterogeneity hypothesis; Intermittent breeding; Multistate mark-recapture models; Prudent parent hypothesis; Transponder tags	demographic survey; heterogeneity; mark-recapture method; population dynamics; reproductive biology; reproductive cost; reproductive cycle; reproductive effort; reproductive success; seabird; survival; tagging; trade-off; animal; Antarctica; article; breeding; female; male; methodology; mortality; penguin; physiology; population dynamics; probability; reproduction; sexual development; survival; time; Animals; Antarctic Regions; Breeding; Female; Male; Mortality; Population Dynamics; Probability; Reproduction; Sex Characteristics; Spheniscidae; Survival; Time Factors; Aptenodytes patagonicus; Aves; Spheniscidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957820847	Predicting the economic impact of the 2010 FIFA World Cup on South Africa	Bohlmann H.R., van Heerden J.H.	2008	International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing	3	4	10.1504/IJSMM.2008.017214	Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Bohlmann, H.R., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; van Heerden, J.H., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	The impact of the sporting industry on economic decision making has increased dramatically since the global media explosion in the 1980s. Tourism and advertising revenues generated by mega-events such as World Cups or Olympic Games have become a major boost to the economies of hosting nations. In addition, globalisation has placed great emphasis on the importance of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), especially to developing countries. This paper seeks to examine the impact of the 2010 FIFA World Cup on the South African economy. Using a 32-sector Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, the various shocks on the economy, such as infrastructure developments, increased tourism and financing implications, are modelled. Results are shown and carefully explained within the context of the model. It is found that in the short term, there would only be a favourable outcome in the economy should financing be shared between higher present taxes and revenue generated from future economic growth and private investment. © 2008 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	CGE; Computable General Equilibrium; mega-events	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941905493	The impact of the 2014 platinum mining strike in South Africa: An economy-wide analysis	Bohlmann H.R., Van Heerden J.H., Dixon P.B., Rimmer M.T.	2015	Economic Modelling	51	None	10.1016/j.econmod.2015.08.010	Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Centre of Policy Studies, Victoria University, Australia	Bohlmann, H.R., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Van Heerden, J.H., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Dixon, P.B., Centre of Policy Studies, Victoria University, Australia; Rimmer, M.T., Centre of Policy Studies, Victoria University, Australia	In this paper we measure the economy-wide impact of the 2014 labour strike in South Africa's platinum industry. The strike lasted 5. months, ending in June 2014 when producers reached an agreement with the main labour unions. The immediate impacts on local mining towns were particularly severe, but our research shows that the strike could also have long lasting negative impacts on the South African economy as a whole. We find that it is not the higher nominal wages itself that caused the most damage, but the possible reaction by investors in the mining industry towards South Africa. Investor confidence is likely to be, at least, temporarily harmed, in which case it would take many years for the effects of the strike to disappear. We conduct our analysis using a dynamic CGE model of South Africa. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Computable general equilibrium; Platinum mining strike; UPGEM	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872845700	Impact of recommendation updates in well-controlled patients on nonrecommended antiretroviral therapies: The swiss HIV cohort study	Boillat-Blanco N., Darling K.E.A., Taffe P., Osih R., Strahm C., Adami M., Elzi L., Daou S., Fehr J., Wandeler G., Cavassini M.	2013	Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes	62	2	10.1097/QAI.0b013e31827b626a	Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Data Coordination Centre for the Swiss HIV Cohort, Lausanne, Switzerland; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital, St Gallen, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, BERN, Switzerland	Boillat-Blanco, N., Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Darling, K.E.A., Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Taffe, P., Data Coordination Centre for the Swiss HIV Cohort, Lausanne, Switzerland; Osih, R., Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Strahm, C., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital, St Gallen, Switzerland; Adami, M., Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland; Elzi, L., Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Daou, S., Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; Fehr, J., Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Wandeler, G., Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, BERN, Switzerland; Cavassini, M., Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland	BACKGROUND: HIV treatment recommendations are updated as clinical trials are published. Whether recommendations drive clinicians to change antiretroviral therapy in well-controlled patients is unexplored. METHODS: We selected patients with undetectable viral loads (VLs) on nonrecommended regimens containing double-boosted protease inhibitors (DBPIs), triple-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), or didanosine (ddI) plus stavudine (d4T) at publication of the 2006 International AIDS Society recommendations. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics with those of control patients with undetectable VL not on these regimens and examined clinical outcome and reasons for treatment modification. RESULTS: At inclusion, 104 patients were in the DBPI group, 436 in the triple-NRTI group, and 19 in the ddI/d4T group. By 2010, 28 (29%), 204 (52%), and 1 (5%) patient were still on DBPIs, triple-NRTIs, and ddI plus d4T, respectively. 'Physician decision,' excluding toxicity/virological failure, drove 30% of treatment changes. Predictors of recommendation nonobservance included female sex [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1 to 7.26; P = 0.01] for DPBIs, and undetectable VL (aOR 3.53, 95% CI 1.6 to 7.8; P = 0.002) and lack of cardiovascular events (aOR 2.93, 95% CI 1.23 to 6.97; P = 0.02) for triple-NRTIs. All patients on DBPIs with documented diabetes or a cardiovascular event changed treatment. Recommendation observance resulted in lower cholesterol values in the DBPI group (P = 0.06), and more patients having undetectable VL (P = 0.02) in the triple-NRTI group. CONCLUSION: The physician's decision is the main factor driving change from nonrecommended to recommended regimens, whereas virological suppression is associated with not switching. Positive clinical outcomes observed postswitch underline the importance of observing recommendations, even in well-controlled patients. Copyright © 2012 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	double-boosted protease inhibitors; HIV; nonobservance; recommendations; triple-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors	abacavir; didanosine; lamivudine; proteinase inhibitor; ritonavir; RNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitor; stavudine; tenofovir; zidovudine; adult; article; cardiovascular disease; clinical decision making; controlled study; diabetes mellitus; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection control; major clinical study; male; patient compliance; priority journal; sex difference; Switzerland; virus load; Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chi-Square Distribution; Cholesterol; Diabetes Complications; Didanosine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Guideline Adherence; HIV Infections; HIV Protease Inhibitors; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Physician's Practice Patterns; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Sex Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric; Stavudine; Switzerland; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951876879	HIV-subtype A is associated with poorer neuropsychological performance compared with subtype D in antiretroviral therapy-naive Ugandan children	Boivin M.J., Ruel T.D., Boal H.E., Bangirana P., Cao H., Eller L.A., Charlebois E., Havlir D.V., Kamya M.R., Achan J., Akello C., Wong J.K.	2010	AIDS	24	8	10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283389dcc	International Neurologic and Psychiatric Epidemiology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda; California Department of Public Health, Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Richmond, CA, United States; Makerere University-Walter Reed Program, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda; Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States	Boivin, M.J., International Neurologic and Psychiatric Epidemiology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Ruel, T.D., Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Boal, H.E., Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States; Bangirana, P., Department of Psychiatry, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda; Cao, H., California Department of Public Health, Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Richmond, CA, United States; Eller, L.A., Makerere University-Walter Reed Program, Kampala, Uganda; Charlebois, E., Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States; Havlir, D.V., Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States; Kamya, M.R., Department of Medicine, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda; Achan, J., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda; Akello, C., Department of Medicine, Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda; Wong, J.K., Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States	Background: HIV-subtype D is associated with more rapid disease progression and higher rates of dementia in Ugandan adults compared with HIV-subtype A. There are no data comparing neuropsychological function by HIV subtype in Ugandan children. Design: One hundred and two HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy (ART) naive Ugandan children 6-12 years old (mean 8.9) completed the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, second edition (KABC-2), the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA), and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test for Motor Proficiency, second edition (BOT-2). Using a PCR-based multiregion assay with probe hybridization in five different regions (gag, pol, vpu, env, gp-41), HIV subtype was defined by hybridization in env and by total using two or more regions. Analysis of covariance was used for multivariate comparison. Results: The env subtype was determined in 54 (37 A, 16 D, 1 C) children. Subtype A and D groups were comparable by demographics, CD4 status, and WHO stage. Subtype A infections had higher log viral loads (median 5.0 vs. 4.6, P = 0.02). Children with A performed more poorly than those with D on all measures, especially on KABC-2 Sequential Processing (memory) (P = 0.01), Simultaneous Processing (visual-spatial analysis) (P = 0.005), Learning (P = 0.02), and TOVA visual attention (P = 0.04). When adjusted for viral load, Sequential and Simultaneous Processing remained significantly different. Results were similar comparing by total HIV subtype. Conclusion: HIV subtype A children demonstrated poorer neurocognitive performance than those with HIV subtype D. Subtype-specific neurocognitive deficits may reflect age-related differences in the neuropathogenesis of HIV. This may have important implications for when to initiate ART and the selection of drugs with greater central nervous system penetration. © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	Attention; CD activation; Children; Cognitive ability; Encephalopathy; HIV clades; Home environment; Memory; Motor; Viral load	antiretrovirus agent; Gag protein; glycoprotein gp 41; Pol protein; virus envelope protein; Vpu protein; article; Bruininks Oseretsky Test for Motor Proficiency; CD4 lymphocyte count; child; comparative study; controlled study; depth perception; disease association; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; kaufman assessment battery for children; learning; major clinical study; male; neuropsychological test; polymerase chain reaction; preschool child; priority journal; school child; Test of Variables of Attention; Uganda; virus load; vision; AIDS Dementia Complex; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Child; Disease Progression; Female; Genetic Variation; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; RNA, Viral; Uganda; Viral Tropism	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247356897	Factors impacting on career choices of Technikon students from previously disadvantaged high schools	Bojuwoye O., Mbanjwa S.	2006	Journal of Psychology in Africa	16	1	None	University of Kwazulu Natal, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa	Bojuwoye, O., University of Kwazulu Natal, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa; Mbanjwa, S., University of Kwazulu Natal, Kwazulu Natal, South Africa	Career development is a socially constructed process involving complex interactions among different structures, forces, and systems all constituting spheres of Influence. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors that influence career decisions. Eighty respondents (40 males and 40 females with mean age of 22 years) participated in the study. Results revealed that family variables of parental high expectations of children and appropriate communications within the family, as well as factors such as prestige statuses of some occupations, school curricular subjects, academic performance, teacher influences, and peer pressure had strong positive influences on career choices. Barriers to career choices identified included finance, lack of appropriate information, poor academic performance, and unsatisfactory career counseling services. Results suggest need for a better approach to career education in schools and counseling services that are adaptive to social, economic, and cultural contexts.	Barriers to career choice; Career choices; Career decision making; Career status; Family variables; Guidance and counseling programs; School influences	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350351299	Ownership concentration and corporate performance on the Ghana stock exchange: A panel data analysis	Bokpin G.A.	2008	Corporate Ownership and Control	5	None	None	Department of Finance, University of Ghana Business School, Ghana	Bokpin, G.A., Department of Finance, University of Ghana Business School, Ghana	Corporate governance is linked to corporate performance. The study examines the effect of ownership concentration on corporate performance on the Ghana Stock Exchange. Panel data covering a period from 2001 to 2006 for 28 firms were analyzed within the framework of both the fixed and random effects techniques. The results indicate that the effect of ownership concentration on corporate performance varies with the performance measurement variable. The results indicate a significant positive relationship between ownership concentration and return on assets and Tobin's Q, whilst there is negative insignificant relationship with return on equity. We also document that insider system of corporate governance is practiced on the Ghana stock exchange as shareholding is highly concentrated in the hands of a few individuals or institutional investors. Other governance features such as board size, board composition and CEO duality are all essential in predicting corporate performance. The results of the study generally support existing literature on the impact of ownership concentration on corporate performance.	Corporate governance; Ghana; Ownership concentration; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959940416	Ownership structure, corporate governance and dividend performance on the Ghana Stock Exchange	Bokpin G.A.	2011	Journal of Applied Accounting Research	12	1	10.1108/09675421111130612	Department of Finance, University of Ghana Business School, Legon, Ghana	Bokpin, G.A., Department of Finance, University of Ghana Business School, Legon, Ghana	Purpose - This paper aims to document the interaction between ownership structure, corporate governance and dividend performance on the Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE). Design/methodology/approach - Panel data covering a period from 2002 to 2007 for 23 firms were analyzed within the framework of fixed effects techniques. Findings - The paper reports that foreign share ownership significantly, positively, influences dividend payment among firms on the GSE. It found board size to have a statistically positive effect on dividend payment among the corporate governance variables. It did not, however, find a significant relationship between inside ownership, board independence, board intensity, CEO duality and dividend performance. The results also indicate that highly leveraged firms will significantly reduce dividend payments. Finally, age and income volatility were found to be significant determinants of dividend performance on the GSE. Originality/value - The paper considers a much broader approach to investigating the impact of ownership structure and corporate governance on dividend performance on the GSE, a marked departure from other studies conducted on the GSE. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Corporate governance; Corporate ownership; Dividends; Ghana; Stock exchanges	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84877851391	Comparative analysis of the performance of hydrocarbon refrigerants with R22 in a sub-cooling heat exchanger refrigeration system	Bolaji B.O., Huan Z.	2012	Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy	226	7	10.1177/0957650912454829	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Bolaji, B.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Huan, Z., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	In this study, the performance of some hydrocarbon refrigerants (R290, R600a and R1270) as alternatives to R22 in vapour compression refrigeration system was investigated theoretically employing a sub-cooling heat exchanger. The effects of sub-cooling on the performance of the investigated refrigerants were quantified in terms of relative capacity index. The results obtained showed that the saturated vapour pressure and specific volume of R290 and R1270 are very close to those of R22; therefore, they could be used as substitutes for R22. The condenser duty using R290, R600a and R1270 are better than that of R22 with the highest value obtained using R1270, which shows that they could perform very well as refrigerants in heat pump systems. The coefficient of performances of all the investigated refrigerants were found to be in the range 3.10-3.51. The degree of sub-cooling greatly increased the coefficient of performance and it had positive effects on the refrigerating capacity. The average relative capacity indices obtained for R290, R600a and R1270 were 35.4%, 29.5% and 27.3% higher than that of R22, respectively. Generally, the thermophysical properties of R290 and R1270 matched those of R22 and the two refrigerants exhibited better performance than R22 in sub-cooling heat exchanger refrigeration system. R600a has slightly better performance in terms of lower power per ton of refrigeration and higher coefficient of performance, but its saturation pressure and specific volume deviate significantly from that of R22, which will require major system redesign before it can be employed as R22 substitute. Copyright © IMechE 2012.	Alternative refrigerants; Hydrocarbons; Performance; R22; Sub-cooling	Alternative refrigerant; Coefficient of Performance; Hydrocarbon refrigerants; Performance; R22; Saturated vapour pressure; Subcoolings; Vapour compression refrigeration systems; Heat exchangers; Hydrocarbons; Phase change materials; Refrigeration; Thermodynamic properties; Vapors; Refrigerants	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872975061	Computational analysis of the performance of ozone-friendly R22 alternative refrigerants in vapour compression air-Conditioning systems	Bolaji B.O., Huan Z.	2012	Environment Protection Engineering	38	4	10.5277/EPE120404	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Bolaji, B.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Huan, Z., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Performance of two ozone-friendly refrigerants (R410A and R419A) was investigated theoretically using computational thermodynamic analysis. The results obtained showed that the performance of R410A was very close to that of R22 in all the operating conditions. Both R22 and R410A performed better than R419A in terms of their COP and refrigerating effect. Compared with R22, the average COP and refrigerating effect of R419A are lower by 13.78 and 33.96%, respectively. Generally, R410A refrigerant has approximately the same performance with R22, therefore, it is considered as a good drop-in substitute for R22 in vapour compression air-conditioning system.	None	Airconditioning systems; Alternative refrigerant; Computational analysis; Computational thermodynamic analysis; Operating condition; Refrigerating effects; Air conditioning; Ozone; Refrigeration; Vapors; Refrigerants	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904003140	Performance of A R22 split-air-conditioner when retrofitted with ozone friendly refrigerants (R410A and R417A)	Bolaji B.O.	2012	Journal of Energy in Southern Africa	23	3	None	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria	Bolaji, B.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria	R22 that has been used predominantly in air conditioning and in medium and low-temperature applications contains ozone depleting chlorine atoms and hence will be phased out eventually. This paper presents the experimental performance study of a split-air-conditioner using ozone friendly alternative refrigerants. The existing split-air-conditioner originally designed for R22 as the working fluid was retrofitted with R410A and R417A respectively, and the performance of the system was evaluated and compared with its performance when R22 was used. Experimental results showed that with R417A, the system had 1.9% higher refrigeration capacity and 14.2% lower with R410A when compared to that of R22. The average discharge pressure of the compressor obtained with R417A and R410A were 3.8% lower and 10.3% higher, respectively, than with R22. The lowest compressor power consumption and pressure ratio were obtained with the R417A retrofitted system. The average coefficient of performance (COP) obtained using R417A is 2.9% higher, while that of R410A is 8.4% lower than that of R22. Generally, with R417A the system consistently had the best performance in comparison to both R22 and R410A, indicating that R417A would be a better choice for retrofitting existing split-air-conditioners originally designed to use R22 as working fluid.	Experimental; Performance; R22; R410A; R417A; Retrofitting; Split-air-conditioners	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928343486	Thermodynamic analysis of the performance of a vapour compression refrigeration system, working with R290 and R600a mixtures	Bolaji B.O., Huan Z.	2013	Scientia Iranica	20	6	None	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Bolaji, B.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Huan, Z., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Environmentally benign natural refrigerants have recently attracted considerable attention due to refrigerant contributions to ozone depletion and global warming. In the group of natural refrigerants, hydrocarbons are most closely related to the HFCs. In addition to their zero ODP and very low GWP, they are compatible with common materials found in refrigerating systems. Therefore, in this study, a performance simulation of R290 and R600a mixtures (80/20, 70/30, 60/40 and 50/50 proportion by mass, designated by RM1, RM2, RM3 and RM4, respectively) in a vapour compression refrigeration system is conducted by the thermodynamic calculation of performance parameters using REFPROP software. The results show that the mixtures exhibit higher refrigerating effects than R134a. The average pressure ratio obtained for RM1, RM2, RM3 and RM4 was 19.5, 16.5, 14.0 and 11.8% lower than that of R134a, respectively. All the mixtures, except RM1, exhibited a low discharge pressure, which is more desirable in refrigeration systems. The COPs of the mixtures were close to that of R134a with the advantage of higher values. Generally, the overall performance of the selected mixtures was better than that of R134a. The performance of RM4 was the best in terms of low compressor work and discharge pressure, and high COP, at varying evaporating temperatures. © 2013 Sharif University of Technology. All rights reserved.	Alternative refrigerants; Hydrocarbon mixtures; R134a; R290; R600a; Thermodynamic	Computer software; Global warming; Hydrocarbons; Mixtures; Ozone layer; Refrigerants; Thermoanalysis; Thermodynamics; Alternative refrigerant; Hydrocarbon mixture; R134a; R290; R600a; Refrigeration; compressibility; cooling; discharge; parameterization; performance assessment; simulation; software; thermodynamics	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899443331	Theoretical analysis of the energy performance of three low global warming potential hydro-fluorocarbon refrigerants as R134a alternatives in refrigeration systems	Bolaji B.O.	2014	Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy	228	1	10.1177/0957650913507252	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nigeria College OfEngineering, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Abeokuta, Nigeria	Bolaji, B.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nigeria College OfEngineering, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240 Abeokuta, Nigeria	In this study, the energy performances of low global warming potential R152a, R161 and R1234yf refrigerants were investigated theoretically as alternatives to R134a in vapour compression refrigeration system. The results obtained showed that the saturation vapour pressures for R152a and R1234yf are very close to the pressure of R134a, which indicates similar properties, while that of R161, between the temperatures range of ?30? and 40?, deviated significantly by being 49.2% higher than that of R134a. R152a emerged as the most energy efficient of the investigated refrigerants with average power per ton of refrigeration being 30.5% less than that of R134a. R152a and R161 exhibited higher volumetric refrigerating capacity and coefficient of performance than did R134a. The highest coefficient of performance was obtained using R152a in the system, with average value being 43.5% higher than that of R134a, while the average coefficient of performances for R161 and R1234yf are 4.8% higher and 7.1% lower, respectively. Generally, R152a performed better than other two alternatives, except that it is mildly flammable refrigerant. Major system redesign will be required before R161 can be employed as substitute for R134a. Also, R1234yf showed slightly low energy performance in terms of power per ton of refrigeration, volumetric refrigerating capacity and coefficient of performance. © IMechE 2013 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/ journalsPermissions.nav.	Alternative refrigerant; energy; global warming; hydro-fluorocarbons; performance; R152a	Energy efficiency; Fluorocarbons; Global warming; Phase change materials; Refrigerants; Vapors; Alternative refrigerant; energy; hydro-fluorocarbons; performance; R152a; Refrigeration	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900338912	Performance investigation of some hydro-fluorocarbon refrigerants with low global warming as substitutes to R134a in refrigeration systems	Bolaji B.O., Huan Z.	2014	Journal of Engineering Thermophysics	23	2	10.1134/S1810232814020076	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Bolaji, B.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Huan, Z., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	In this study, the performances of R152a, R161, and R1234yf with very low global warming potential were investigated theoretically as alternatives to R134a in vapor compression refrigeration systems. The results obtained showed that the saturation vapor pressures for R152a and R1234yf are very close to that of R134a, which indicates similar properties, while that of R161, between the temperature range of -30 to 40°C, deviated significantly by 49.2%. R152a emerged as the most energy efficient of the investigated refrigerants with average power per ton of refrigeration (PPTR) of 30.5% less than that of R134a. R152a and R161 exhibited a higher volumetric refrigerating capacity (VRC) and coefficient of performance (COP) than R134a. The highest COP was obtained using R152a in the system with an average value of 43.5% higher than that of R134a, while the average COPs for R161 and R1234yf are 4.8% higher and 7.1% lower, respectively. Generally, R152a performed better than the other two alternatives as R134a substitute in that it has similar saturation pressure as R134a, exhibited lowest PPTR, very high VRC, and highest COP. Major system redesign will be required before R161 can be employed as R134a substitute. Also, low performance of R1234yf in terms of PPTR, VRC and COP will increase its indirect contributions to global warming. © 2014 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.	None	Energy efficiency; Refrigerants; Vapor compression refrigeration; Vapors; Coefficient of Performance; Global warming potential; Refrigerating capacity; Refrigeration system; Saturation pressure; Saturation vapor pressure; Temperature range; Vapor compression refrigeration system; Global warming	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952630169	Performance evaluation of a locally developed cassava chipping machine	Bolaji B.O., Adejuyigbe S.B., Ayodeji S.P.	2008	South African Journal of Industrial Engineering	19	1	None	Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Agriculture, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Nigeria	Bolaji, B.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Agriculture, Nigeria; Adejuyigbe, S.B., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Nigeria; Ayodeji, S.P., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Nigeria	A cassava chipping machine was designed and constructed, and its performance evaluated. The results showed that motor speed has significant effects on chipping capacity, chipping efficiency, and chips geometry. The higher the motor speed, the higher the chipping capacity and the lower the chipping efficiency of the machine. The machine has a maximum capacity of 245 kgh-1 at 500 rpm, and maximum chipping efficiency of 92.6% at a speed of 300 rpm. The overall best performance of the machine is obtained at a speed of 400 rpm with chipping efficiency of 86.5% and chipping capacity of 240 kgh-1.	None	Motor speed; Plants (botany); Efficiency	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78751564579	Exergetic performance of a domestic refrigerator using R12 and its alternative refrigerants	Bolaji B.O.	2010	Journal of Engineering Science and Technology	5	4	None	Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Bolaji, B.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Production and use of R12 and other chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants will be prohibited completely all over the world in the year 2010 due to their harmful effects on the earth's protective ozone layer. Therefore, in this study, the exergetic performance of a domestic refrigerator using two environment-friendly refrigerants (R134a and R152a) was investigated and compared with the performance of the system when R12 (an ozone depleting refrigerant) was used. The effects of evaporator temperature on the coefficient of performance (COP), exergy flow destruction, exergetic efficiency and efficiency defect in the four major components of the cycle for R12, R134a and R152a were experimentally investigated. The results obtained showed that the average COP of R152a was very close to that of R12 with only 1.4% reduction, while 18.2% reduction was obtained for R134a in comparison with that of R12. The highest average exergetic efficiency of the system (41.5%) was obtained using R152a at evaporator temperature of -3.0°C. The overall efficiency defect in the refrigeration cycle working with R152a is consistently better (lower) than those of R12 and R134a. Generally, R152a performed better than R134a in terms of COP, exergetic efficiency and efficiency defect as R12 substitute in domestic refrigeration system. © School of engineering, Taylor's university.	Domestic; Exergetic; Performance; R12 alternatives; Refrigeration	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053335269	Performance investigation of ozone-friendly R404A and R507 refrigerants as alternatives to R22 in a window air-conditioner	Bolaji B.O.	2011	Energy and Buildings	43	11	10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.08.011	Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Bolaji, B.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	In this study, experimental research was carried out to investigate the performance of R22 and its ozone-friendly alternative refrigerants (R404A and R507) in a window air-conditioner. The performance parameters of the system using R22 were considered as benchmarks and those obtained using alternative refrigerants were compared. Experimental results showed that R22 had the lowest pressure ratio and discharge temperature closely followed by R507. The average discharge temperature obtained using R507 and R404A were 4.2% and 15.3% higher than that of R22, respectively. The lowest compressor power and energy consumption were obtained from R507 retrofitted system. Also, the highest refrigeration capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) were obtained using R507 in the system. The average refrigeration capacities of R507 and R404A were 4.7% higher and 8.4% lower than that of R22, respectively, while the average COP of R507 increased by 10.6% and that of R404A reduced by 16.0% with respect to that of R22. Generally, the investigation has revealed that R507 can be used successfully as a retrofitting refrigerant in existing window air-conditioners originally designed to use R22 in the event of HCFC phased out. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Alternative; Experimental; Ozone-friendly; Performance; Window air-conditioners	Air conditioners; Alternative; Alternative refrigerant; Coefficient of performance; Compressor power; Discharge temperature; Experimental; Experimental research; Ozone-friendly; Performance; Performance parameters; Pressure ratio; Refrigeration capacity; Retrofitted system; Air conditioning; Energy utilization; Ozone; Refrigeration; Retrofitting; Refrigerants	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958552250	Performance evaluation of a locally developed domestic drinking water filter	Bolaji B.O., Bolaji G.A., Ismaila S.O.	2010	International Journal of Environmental Studies	67	5	10.1080/00207233.2010.514107	Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Bolaji, B.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Bolaji, G.A., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Ismaila, S.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	This paper describes the design, construction and testing of a domestic water filter. Its construction was accomplished using mainly locally available materials to make it relatively affordable for both the rural and urban dwellers. The developed raw water filter was tested by using it to filter raw water samples obtained from wells, borehole and rain. The water samples were collected from different sources in Akure, Nigeria and were subjected to a series of tests before and after filtration. Comparison of results obtained with the WHO standards for drinking water showed that the filter can provide portable drinking water of the required standard. The filter average removal efficiency of turbidity, hardness, conductivity, total dissolved solid (TDS) and total suspended solid (TSS) from water samples were 95.1, 70.3, 73.1, 69.4 and 98.7%, respectively. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.	Domestic; Drinking water; Filter; Performance; Standard	Before and after; Domestic; Domestic water; Drinking water; Filter; Nigeria; Performance; Performance evaluation; Raw water; Removal efficiencies; Total dissolved solids; Total suspended solids; Urban dwellers; Water samples; Removal; Standards; Turbidity; Water filtration; Potable water	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956576845	Experimental analysis of reciprocating compressor performance with eco-friendly refrigerants	Bolaji B.O.	2010	Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy	224	6	10.1243/09576509JPE936	Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Agriculture, UNAAB, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Bolaji, B.O., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Agriculture, UNAAB, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	This article evaluates the compressor performance using five eco-friendly refrigerants in comparison to R12. Experimental apparatus of a complete refrigeration system with reciprocating compressor was developed and the performance of the system with selected refrigerants was evaluated. The results obtained showed that only R134a and R152a have their coefficients of performances close to that of R12 with 6.6 per cent and 3.1 per cent reductions, respectively. Comparison between refrigeration capacities showed the superiority of R152a with 4.9 per cent higher than that of R12. The volumetric efficiencies obtained were 75.8 per cent, 74.4 per cent, and 77.9 per cent for R12, R134a, and R152a, respectively, whereas those of R23, R32, and R143a were 56.8 per cent, 60.6 per cent, and 69.7 per cent respectively. Therefore, R134a and R152a will perform well as substitutes for R12 in vapour compression refrigeration system.	compressor; eco-friendly; experimental apparatus; refrigerants; refrigeration	Coefficients of performance; Compression refrigeration systems; Compressor performance; Eco-friendly; Experimental analysis; Experimental apparatus; Reciprocating compressor; Refrigeration capacity; Refrigeration system; Volumetric efficiency; Compressors; Environmental protection; Refrigerants; Refrigerating machinery; Refrigerators; Refrigeration	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919970692	Performance study of the eco-friendly hydrofluoroolefins and dimethyl-ether refrigerants in refrigeration systems	Bolaji B.O.	2014	Sigurnost	56	2	None	Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, College of Engineering, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Bolaji, B.O., Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture, College of Engineering, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	This paper presents theoretical investigation of the performance of eco-friendly hydrofluoroolefins (R1234yf and R1234ze) and dimethyl-ether (RE170) refrigerants as substitutes for R134a in a standard vapour compression refrigeration system. The results showed that the vapour pressure of R1234yf and RE170 is very close to that of R134a, while the vapour pressure of R1234ze in the temperature range of -30 to 40°C deviated by 25.3% high. Very high refrigerating effect and condenser duty were obtained using RE170, which shows that it will equally excellently perform as a heat pump refrigerant. The condenser duty obtained using R1234yf and R1234ze is slightly lower, by 17.2 and 9.9%, than that of R134a, respectively. RE170 and R1234yf exhibited very close volumetric refrigerating capacity with R134a. The average coefficient of performance (COPref) obtained using RE170 is 6.2% higher than that of R134a, while the COPref obtained for R1234yf and R1234ze is slightly lower, by 6.1 and 0.9%, respectively. Generally, the performance of the three alternative refrigerants is quite similar to that of R134a, but the best overall performance is obtained using RE170. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014.	Alternative refrigerant; Dimethyl-ether; Eco-friendly; Hydrofluoroolefins; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952713801	Evaluation of changes in pasting properties of ogi during storage	Bolaji O.T., Awonorin S.O., Olalusi P.A., Adepoju P.A.	2011	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	10	1	None	Lagos State polytechnic, Dept of Food science, Shagamu Road, Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria; University Of Agriculture Dept Food science and Technology, Abeokuta ogun state, Nigeria; Federal University of Technology, Dept of Agriculture Engineering, Akure Ondo S	Bolaji, O.T., Lagos State polytechnic, Dept of Food science, Shagamu Road, Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria; Awonorin, S.O., University Of Agriculture Dept Food science and Technology, Abeokuta ogun state, Nigeria; Olalusi, P.A., Federal University of Technology, Dept of Agriculture Engineering, Akure Ondo State, Nigeria; Adepoju, P.A., Lagos State polytechnic, Dept of Food science, Shagamu Road, Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria	This study was conducted to investigate the effect of storage temperature on pasting properties of ogi. This was processed using traditional method and stored at different temperatures (27±3°C, 5 ±2°C, -10±3°C and -20 ±3°C) for a period of 12 weeks, this was repeated for another 12 weeks. Ogi samples were subsequently dried in cabinet drier at temperature of 47±3°C. The peak and final viscosity of ogi stored at the ambient temperature (27±3°C), witnessed a noticeable reduction from week four (4) of storage. Storage at temperature of 5 ±2°C, -10±3°C and -20 ±3°c conditions maintained the hold strength throughout the storage period. There was significant difference (p<. 0.05) in the values of breakdown viscosity. The setback viscosity values were consistently maintained in storage condition of 5 ±2°C, -10±3°C and -20 ±3°C throughout the period of storage but a consistent reduction was observed in ogi stored at 27±3°C. The range of pasting temperature for ogi samples throughout the period of storage was between 76 and 79°C. The cooking time ranged from 4.80 and 5.70 minutes. The study showed that gelling stability and pasting ability tend to witness reduction with increase in storage period at ambient temperature (27±3°C) and 5±2°C if the storage period is increased beyond that used in this research work.	Final viscosity storage temperature; Peak time set back viscosity; Peak viscosity	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58149387883	The performance of value stocks and growth stocks: The Hong Kong stock market 1981-2005	Bo L., Krige J.D.	2008	Journal for Studies in Economics and Econometrics	32	1	None	Department of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Bo, L., Department of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Krige, J.D., Department of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	This study finds that value stocks outperformed growth stocks in the case of the Hong Kong market over the period 1981 to 2005. It also finds that this is the case for the two sub-periods before and after the Asian financial crisis in 1997. Value stocks continued to outperform growth stocks after allowing for the firm size effect. The difference in return between value stocks and growth stocks increased when equally weighted portfolio returns were compared with value-weighted returns. The results were mixed when comparing risk adjusted returns using standard deviation as risk measure. The results of this study are in line with a number of international as well as South African studies.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921272087	Rapid mapping and impact estimation of illegal charcoal production in southern Somalia based on WorldView-1 imagery	Bolognesi M., Vrieling A., Rembold F., Gadain H.	2015	Energy for Sustainable Development	25	None	10.1016/j.esd.2014.12.008	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Somalia Water and Land Information Management (SWALIM) Project, P.O. Box 30470-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, AE Enschede, Netherlands; Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, MARS Unit, Via Fermi 2749 TP. 266, Ispra (VA), Italy	Bolognesi, M., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Somalia Water and Land Information Management (SWALIM) Project, P.O. Box 30470-00100, Nairobi, Kenya, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, AE Enschede, Netherlands; Vrieling, A., Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, AE Enschede, Netherlands; Rembold, F., Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, MARS Unit, Via Fermi 2749 TP. 266, Ispra (VA), Italy; Gadain, H., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Somalia Water and Land Information Management (SWALIM) Project, P.O. Box 30470-00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Following more than 20years of civil unrest, environmental information for southern Somalia is scarce. Wood charcoal production and export is a major activity supporting war regimes in this area such as the extreme Islamist group Al-Shabaab. However, little quantitative information exists on the extent of this charcoal production. In this study, we developed a semi-automatic detection method to identify charcoal production sites from very high resolution (0.5m) satellite imagery. We then applied it to a 4700km2 area along the Juba River in southern Somalia using 2011 and 2013 WorldView-1 imagery. Based on the sites detected exclusively for 2013 we estimated an average production of 24,000tonnes of charcoal and 2.7% tree loss for the two-year interval, using literature- and local-knowledge-based assumptions on likely ranges of kiln and tree parameters. Our large-area assessment helps to better understand the dimension and impact of charcoal production in southern Somalia and reveals a rapid depletion of tree cover. The analysis provides a first step towards the development of a charcoal production monitoring system that could be extended to other parts of the country. © 2015 International Energy Initiative.	Al-Shabaab; Forest degradation; Object-based image analysis; Remote sensing; Woodfuel	charcoal; detection method; environmental impact assessment; fuelwood; land degradation; mapping; minority group; monitoring system; satellite imagery; Jubba River; Somalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67149131859	Effect of graded level of alphamune g on performance, blood chemistry and histology of cockerel chicks	Bolu S.A., Ojo V., Oluyemi O., Babawale O.I., Awodele O.A.	2009	International Journal of Poultry Science	8	4	10.3923/ijps.2009.397.400	Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Bolu, S.A., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Ojo, V., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Oluyemi, O., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Babawale, O.I., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Awodele, O.A., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	A study was conducted to determine the response of day-old cockerel chicks to graded levels of Alphamune G (0.00, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06%). The experiment which was conducted for 8 weeks employed a completely randomized design. Feed intake and nutrient retention were not significantly influenced (p>0.05) by dietary inclusion levels of Alphamune G. However, weight gain and feed to gain ratio were significantly improved (p<0.05) for cockerel chicks fed 0.06% inclusion level when compared with the control. The values were 7.78 and 4.58 g/bird/week, respectively. Haematology and serum indices did not show any significant effect as a result of the graded levels of dietary Alphamune G. Histological characteristics revealed slight morphological changes in specific organs of birds fed Alphamune G supplemented diet vis-a viz the control diet. Inclusion of Alphamune G at 0.06% in the diets of cockerel chicks gave the best performance. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Alphamune G; Cockerels; Diet	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84960842493	Effect of dietary intervention on the performance and biochemical indices of chicken broilers challenged with Aspergillus flavus	Bolu S.A., Olatunde O.A., Ojo V.	2015	Tropical Agriculture	92	4	None	Dept of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Nigeria	Bolu, S.A., Dept of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; Olatunde, O.A., Dept of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; Ojo, V., Dept of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Nigeria	A study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary interventions of vitamins A and C, methionine and lysine singly and in combination on broilers challenged with Aspergillus flavus. The interventions were Vitamins A+C (A+C), Methionine+Lysine (METH+LYS) and Vitamins A+C+METH+LYS. The experiment which was conducted for 8 weeks employed a completely randomized design. Feed intake, weight gain, nutrient retention and feed conversion efficiency were significantly influenced (p<0.05) by dietary supplementation of the Aspergillus challenged birds. Highest feed intake (42.81g/bird/day) was observe for Aspergillus challenged birds supplemented with A+C+METH+LYS which compared favourably with the positive control birds (42.48g/bird/day). The lowest feed intake was observed for the negative control birds (Aspergillus challenged without dietary intervention). Weight gain was highest for the positive control bird (20.14g/bird/day). This value was similar to the value obtained for Aspergillus challenged birds supplemented with A+C+METH+LYS. Lowest weight gain was observed in the negative control birds (12.44g/bird/day). These birds also recorded significantly (p<0.05) lowest feed conversion efficiency (3.09). Haematological and serum indices showed no significant differences (p>0.05) however, higher lymphocytes values were observed in challenged birds with dietary intervention. As a general immune modulator, vitamins A and C with lysine and methionine may be an attractive alternative to the on-farm use of vaccines in poultry in the management of aspergillosis. © 2015 Trop. Agric. (Trinidad).	Aspergillus challenged birds; Lysine; Methionine; Vitamins A,C	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76749091825	Effect of graded levels of dried pawpaw (Carica papaya) seed on the performance, haematology, serum biochemistry and carcass evaluation of chicken broilers	Bolu S.A.O., Sola-Ojo F.E., Olorunsanya O.A., Idris K.	2009	International Journal of Poultry Science	8	9	10.3923/ijps.2009.905.909	Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Bolu, S.A.O., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Sola-Ojo, F.E., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Olorunsanya, O.A., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Idris, K., Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of graded levels of Dried Pawpaw Seed (DPS) on growth performance, haematological parameters and carcass evaluation of chicken broilers. One hundred day-old broilers were randomly divided into four treatments groups of diets containing 0, 5, 10 and 15% DPS in a Completely Randomized Designed (CRD) for a period of six weeks. The results of this experiments showed that there were significant differences (p>0.05) in feed intake and weight gain across the dietary treatment with diet containing 5% DPS having the highest weight gain of 17.58g/bird/day, while birds fed diets with 15% DPS had the lowest weight gain (11.18 g/bird/day), nutrient utilization was higher in birds fed 5% DPS. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the haematological parameters, serum biochemistry and carcass parameters across the dietary treatment. The results of this study indicate that DPS can be included in broiler diet at 5% level. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Broilers; Dried pawpaw seed; Nutrient utilization	Asimina triloba; Aves; Carica papaya	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-15244345565	Potential impacts of future land use and climate change on the Red List status of the Proteaceae in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa	Bomhard B., Richardson D.M., Donaldson J.S., Hughes G.O., Midgley G.F., Raimondo D.C., Rebelo A.G., Rouget M., Thuiller W.	2005	Global Change Biology	11	9	10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00997.x	Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa; Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 1919 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20036, United States; Am Brucher Haeuschen 79, 42109 Wuppertal, Germany	Bomhard, B., Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa, Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, Am Brucher Haeuschen 79, 42109 Wuppertal, Germany; Richardson, D.M., Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa, Leslie Hill Institute for Plant Conservation, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Donaldson, J.S., Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa; Hughes, G.O., Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa; Midgley, G.F., Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 1919 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20036, United States; Raimondo, D.C., Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa; Rebelo, A.G., Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa; Rouget, M., Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa; Thuiller, W., Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa	Using spatial predictions of future threats to biodiversity, we assessed for the first time the relative potential impacts of future land use and climate change on the threat status of plant species. We thus estimated how many taxa could be affected by future threats that are usually not included in current IUCN Red List assessments. Here, we computed the Red List status including future threats of 227 Proteaceae taxa endemic to the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa, and compared this with their Red List status excluding future threats. We developed eight different land use and climate change scenarios for the year 2020, providing a range of best- to worst-case scenarios. Four scenarios include only the effects of future land use change, while the other four also include the impacts of projected anthropogenic climate change (HadCM2 IS92a GGa), using niche-based models. Up to a third of the 227 Proteaceae taxa are uplisted (become more threatened) by up to three threat categories if future threats as predicted for 2020 are included, and the proportion of threatened Proteaceae taxa rises on average by 9% (range 2-16%), depending on the scenario. With increasing severity of the scenarios, the proportion of Critically Endangered taxa increases from about 1% to 7% and almost 2% of the 227 Proteaceae taxa become Extinct because of climate change. Overall, climate change has the most severe effects on the Proteaceae, but land use change also severely affects some taxa. Most of the threatened taxa occur in low-lying coastal areas, but the proportion of threatened taxa changes considerably in inland mountain areas if future threats are included. Our approach gives important insights into how, where and when future threats could affect species persistence and can in a sense be seen as a test of the value of planned interventions for conservation. © 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Biodiversity conservation; Cape Floristic Region; Climate change; Extinction risk; IUCN Red List; Land use change; Niche-based models; Proteaceae; Threatened species	biodiversity; Cape Floristic Region; climate change; extinction risk; land use change; Red List; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Proteaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951631125	Prospective Evaluation of the Prognostic Implications of Improved Assay Performance With a Sensitive Assay for Cardiac Troponin I	Bonaca M., Scirica B., Sabatine M., Dalby A., Spinar J., Murphy S.A., Jarolim P., Braunwald E., Morrow D.A.	2010	Journal of the American College of Cardiology	55	19	10.1016/j.jacc.2010.01.044	TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; South African Cardiology Clinical Trials Group, Johannesburg, South Africa; University Hospital St. Ann, Pekarska, Czech Republic	Bonaca, M., TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Scirica, B., TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Sabatine, M., TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Dalby, A., South African Cardiology Clinical Trials Group, Johannesburg, South Africa; Spinar, J., University Hospital St. Ann, Pekarska, Czech Republic; Murphy, S.A., TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Jarolim, P., Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Braunwald, E., TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Morrow, D.A., TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States	Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic implications of low-level increases in cardiac troponin I (cTnI) using a current-generation sensitive assay in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Background: Recent enhancements in troponin assays have enabled resolution of the 99th percentile reference limit at progressively lower concentrations. However, the clinical significance of low-level increases with sensitive assays is still debated. Methods: We measured cTnI using a sensitive assay (TnI-Ultra, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Deerfield, Illinois) at baseline in 4,513 patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS randomly assigned to ranolazine or placebo. We applied decision limits at the 99th percentile reference limit (0.04 μg/l), the cut point of the predecessor assay (0.1 μg/l), and 1 equivalent to elevation of creatine kinase-myocardial band (1.5 ng/ml). Results: Patients with baseline cTnI ≥0.04 μg/l (n = 2,924) were at higher risk of death/myocardial infarction (MI) at 30 days than were patients with a negative cTnI (6.1% vs. 2.0%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for the TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction) risk score, cTnI ≥0.04 μg/l was associated with a 3-fold (95% confidence interval: 2.0 to 4.4, p < 0.001) higher risk of death/MI at 30 days. Moreover, patients with low-level increases (0.04 μg/l to <0.1 μg/l), were at significantly higher risk of death/MI at 30 days (5.0% vs. 2.0%, p = 0.001) and death at 12 months (6.4% vs. 2.4%, p = 0.005) than were patients with cTnI <0.04 μg/l. Conclusions: Low-level increases in cTnI using a sensitive assay identify patients at higher risk of death or MI. These findings support current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association recommendations defining MI, and the incremental value of newer, more sensitive assays in identifying high-risk patients with ACS. © 2010 American College of Cardiology Foundation.	ACS; acute coronary syndrome; prognosis; sensitive; troponin	creatine kinase MB; fibrinogen receptor antagonist; placebo; ranolazine; thienopyridine derivative; troponin I; acute coronary syndrome; adult; adverse outcome; aged; article; controlled study; female; heart infarction; high risk patient; human; major clinical study; male; mortality; priority journal; prognosis; sensitivity and specificity; Acetanilides; Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Biological Markers; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Piperazines; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Troponin I	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928565834	What is the role of impact assessment in the long term?	Bond A.	2015	Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management	17	1	10.1142/S1464333215500064	School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom; Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University (Potchefstroom), South Africa	Bond, A., School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom, Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University (Potchefstroom), South Africa	This short paper makes the case that most impact assessment (IA) has sustainable development as the stated goal, but that it doesn't deliver sustainable outcomes. A key pillar of sustainable development is equity, both intra-generational (defined after Lamorgese and Geneletti (2013, p.119) as ensuring "equity of opportunity for everyone, particularly the poorest and most vulnerable members of the community and seek to create a good quality of life for everyone") and inter-generational equity (defined after Gibson et al. (2005, p. 235) as favouring "present options and actions that are most likely to preserve or enhance the opportunities and capabilities of future generations to live sustainably"). Notwithstanding the importance of intra-generational equity, this paper focuses on the problem that inter-generational equity presents to IA both because of the prevalence of short-term planning, and because approaches developed to deal with inherent uncertainty associated with impacts considered in the long term are overly resource intensive and therefore impractical. A research focus on IA processes that can deal with inter-generational impacts cost effectively might provide the basis on which to develop an IA tool that actually delivers on its stated goal and fits in with current decision-making norms. © 2015 Imperial College Press.	cost effectiveness; impact assessment; Inter-generational equity; long-term prediction; sustainable development	cost-benefit analysis; decision making; environmental impact assessment; sustainable development; uncertainty analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922678616	Managing uncertainty, ambiguity and ignorance in impact assessment by embedding evolutionary resilience, participatory modelling and adaptive management	Bond A., Morrison-Saunders A., Gunn J.A.E., Pope J., Retief F.	2015	Journal of Environmental Management	151	None	10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.12.030	School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom; School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa; Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Australia; Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Canada; Integral Sustainability, Australia	Bond, A., School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom, School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa; Morrison-Saunders, A., School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa, Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Australia; Gunn, J.A.E., Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Canada; Pope, J., School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa, Integral Sustainability, Australia; Retief, F., School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa	In the context of continuing uncertainty, ambiguity and ignorance in impact assessment (IA) prediction, the case is made that existing IA processes are based on false 'normal' assumptions that science can solve problems and transfer knowledge into policy. Instead, a 'post-normal science' approach is needed that acknowledges the limits of current levels of scientific understanding. We argue that this can be achieved through embedding evolutionary resilience into IA; using participatory workshops; and emphasising adaptive management. The goal is an IA process capable of informing policy choices in the face of uncertain influences acting on socio-ecological systems. We propose a specific set of process steps to operationalise this post-normal science approach which draws on work undertaken by the Resilience Alliance. This process differs significantly from current models of IA, as it has a far greater focus on avoidance of, or adaptation to (through incorporating adaptive management subsequent to decisions), unwanted future scenarios rather than a focus on the identification of the implications of a single preferred vision. Implementing such a process would represent a culture change in IA practice as a lack of knowledge is assumed and explicit, and forms the basis of future planning activity, rather than being ignored. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	Adaptive management; Ambiguity; Evolutionary resilience; Ignorance; Post-normal science; Uncertainty	adaptive management; environmental impact assessment; environmental planning; numerical model; participatory approach; policy making; uncertainty analysis; adaptive environmental management; ambiguity; Article; ecosystem resilience; environmental impact assessment; quantitative analysis; uncertainty; environmental health; health impact assessment; human; theoretical model; uncertainty; Environmental Health; Health Impact Assessment; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Uncertainty	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891350049	Impact assessment: Eroding benefits through streamlining?	Bond A., Pope J., Morrison-Saunders A., Retief F., Gunn J.A.E.	2014	Environmental Impact Assessment Review	45	None	10.1016/j.eiar.2013.12.002	School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom; School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa; Integral Sustainability, Australia; Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute, Australia; Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Australia; Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Canada	Bond, A., School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom, School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa; Pope, J., Integral Sustainability, Australia, Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute, Australia; Morrison-Saunders, A., School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa, Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Australia; Retief, F., School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North-West University, South Africa; Gunn, J.A.E., Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Canada	This paper argues that Governments have sought to streamline impact assessment in recent years (defined as the last five years) to counter concerns over the costs and potential for delays to economic development. We hypothesise that this has had some adverse consequences on the benefits that subsequently accrue from the assessments. This hypothesis is tested using a framework developed from arguments for the benefits brought by Environmental Impact Assessment made in 1982 in the face of the UK Government opposition to its implementation in a time of economic recession. The particular benefits investigated are 'consistency and fairness', 'early warning', 'environment and development', and 'public involvement'. Canada, South Africa, the United Kingdom and Western Australia are the jurisdictions tested using this framework. The conclusions indicate that significant streamlining has been undertaken which has had direct adverse effects on some of the benefits that impact assessment should deliver, particularly in Canada and the UK. The research has not examined whether streamlining has had implications for the effectiveness of impact assessment, but the causal link between streamlining and benefits does sound warning bells that merit further investigation. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	Consistency and fairness; Cost and benefits; Early warning; Public involvement	Consistency and fairness; Cost and benefits; Early warning; Economic development; Economic Recession; Environment and development; Impact assessments; Public involvement; Planning; Environmental impact assessments; economic conditions; economic impact; economic system; environmental economics; environmental impact assessment; Australia; Canada; United Kingdom; Western Australia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881612365	The impact of a call centre on communication in a programme and its projects	Bond-Barnard T.J., Steyn H., Fabris-Rotelli I.	2013	International Journal of Project Management	31	7	10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.12.012	Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Bond-Barnard, T.J., Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Steyn, H., Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Fabris-Rotelli, I., Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Call centres are increasingly being utilised in public sector programmes to facilitate and manage communication between numerous stakeholders. Yet, the impact of call centres on projects has not been investigated. This paper reports on a survey with 92 respondents that assessed the impact of a call centre for a repair and maintenance programme. An empirically verified model is presented to illustrate the relationship between call centre communication and project performance. A balance of frequent informal and formal communication is shown to reduce mistrust and conflict of interest resulting from each party trying to maximise his respective economic position in the principal-agency relationship. The data provides evidence that a call centre improves the communication, collaboration and trust in project principal-agency relationships which, in turn, is perceived to contribute to project performance. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd and APM IPMA.	Call centres; Communication; Principal-agency theory; Project communication management; Project performance	Call centres; Conflict of interest; Economic positions; Principal agencies; Project communications; Project performance; Public sector; Repair and maintenance; Surveys; Communication; call center; communication; performance assessment; project management; stakeholder; theoretical study	None
WoS	WOS:000301868800006	The impact of reducing financial barriers on utilisation of a primary health care facility in Rwanda	Bonds, Matthew H.,Dhillon, Ranu S.,Fraden, Max,Ndahiro, Donald,Ruxin, Josh	2012	GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH	7	1	10.1080/17441692.2011.593536	Columbia University, University of Rwanda, Millennium Villages Project	"Bonds, Matthew H.: University of Rwanda","Dhillon, Ranu S.: Columbia University","Fraden, Max: Columbia University","Ruxin, Josh: Columbia University",	This study investigates the impact of subsidising community-based health insurance (mutuelle) enrolment, removing point-of-service co-payments, and improving service delivery on health facility utilisation rates in Mayange, a sector of rural Rwanda of approximately 25,000 people divided among five 'imidugudu' or small villages. While comprehensive service upgrades were introduced in the Mayange Health Centre between April 2006 and February 2007, utilisation rates remained similar to comparison sites. Between February 2007 and April 2007, subsidies for mutuelle enrolment established virtually 100% coverage. Immediately after co-payments were eliminated in February 2007, patient visits levelled at a rate triple the previous value. Regression analyses using data from Mayange and two comparison sites indicate that removing financial barriers resulted in about 0.6 additional annual visits for curative care per capita. Although based on a single local pilot, these findings suggest that in order to achieve improved health outcomes, key short-term objectives include improved service delivery and reduced financial barriers. Based on this pilot, higher utilisation rates may be affected if broader swaths of the population are enrolled in mutuelle and co-payments are eliminated. Health leaders in Rwanda should consider further studies to determine if the impact of eliminating co-payments and increasing subsidies for mutuelle enrolment as seen in Mayange holds at greater levels of scale. Broader studies to better elucidate the impact of enrolment subsidies and co-payment subsidies on utilisation, health outcomes, and costs would also provide policy insights.	"community-based health insurance",Mayange,mutuelle,RWANDA,"USER FEES",ACCESS,AFRICA,COST,INSURANCE,POVERTY,SERVICES,UGANDA,"USER FEES"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000273701600004	Process evaluation of the Intervention with Microfinance for AIDS and Gender Equity (IMAGE) in rural South Africa	Bonell, Christopher,Busza, Joanna,Hargreaves, James,Hatcher, Abigail,Kim, Julia,Morison, Linda,Phetla, Godfrey,Porter, John,Pronyk, Paul,Strange, Vicki,Watts, Charlotte	2010	HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH	25	1	10.1093/her/cyp054	University College London, University of London, University of Witwatersrand, Inst Educ, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine	"Bonell, Christopher: University of London","Busza, Joanna: University of London","Morison, Linda: University of London","Phetla, Godfrey: University of Witwatersrand","Porter, John: University of London","Strange, Vicki: University College London","Strange, Vicki: University of London","Watts, Charlotte: University of London",	The Intervention with Microfinance for AIDS and Gender Equity (IMAGE) combines microfinance, gender/HIV training and community mobilization (CM) in South Africa. A trial found reduced intimate partner violence among clients but less evidence for impact on sexual behaviour among clients' households or communities. This process evaluation examined how feasible IMAGE was to deliver and how accessible and acceptable it was to intended beneficiaries during a trial and subsequent scale-up. Data came from attendance registers, financial records, observations, structured questionnaires (378) and focus group discussions and interviews (128) with clients and staff. Gender/HIV training and CM were managed initially by an academic unit ('linked' model) and later by the microfinance institution (MFI) ('parallel' model). Microfinance and gender/HIV training were feasible to deliver and accessible and acceptable to most clients. Though participation in CM was high for some clients, others experienced barriers to collective action, a finding which may help explain lack of intervention effects among household/community members. Delivery was feasible in the short term but both models were considered unsustainable in the longer term. A linked model involving a MFI and a non-academic partner agency may be more sustainable and is being tried. Feasible models for delivering microfinance and health promotion require further investigation.	,BANGLADESH,"CREDIT PROGRAMS","HEALTH KNOWLEDGE",HIV,IMPACT,"INTIMATE-PARTNER VIOLENCE",POOR,TRIALS,"WOMENS EMPOWERMENT"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903174071	Early impact of oil palm planting density on vegetative and oil yield variables in West Africa	Bonneau X., Vandessel P., Buabeng M., Erhahuyi C.	2014	OCL - Oilseeds and fats	21	4	10.1051/ocl/2014009	CIRAD, TA B-34, 02 Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; SIAT, Presco-plc, km 22 Benin-Sapele road, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	Bonneau, X., CIRAD, TA B-34, 02 Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Vandessel, P., SIAT, Presco-plc, km 22 Benin-Sapele road, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Buabeng, M., SIAT, Presco-plc, km 22 Benin-Sapele road, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Erhahuyi, C., SIAT, Presco-plc, km 22 Benin-Sapele road, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	A range of various different planting distances (from 7.5 to 9.5 m) between oil palms were tested using an equilateral triangle design in a plantation density experiment which was settled in an oil palm commercial plantation in Nigeria. Climatic conditions were quite stable, with two seasons and around 2000 mm of annual rainfall. The soil was of desaturated ferralitic type, sandy on the surface, deep and without coarse elements. The early impact of plantation density was analysed at eight years after planting. Some early signs of depressive effect on yields were found for high planting densities (180 and 205 p/ha). Such a negative impact was not severe enough to counteract the effects of a higher number of palms per hectare. As a consequence, a gradient could be observed as yields (in tons of bunches per hectare) increased with density. We can anticipate that the competition effect between palms will increase over time with high densities, so that the counteracting point ought to be reached in a few years. A thinning treatment has been included in the protocol. Thinning was carried out at the end of the eight-year period. © 2014 published by EDP Sciences.	Oil palm; Planting density; Spacing; Thinning; Yield	None	None
WoS	WOS:000320019700009	Evaluating the effects of community-based organization engagement on HIV and AIDS-related risk behavior in Kenya	Bonnel, Rene,Fruh, Joseph,Godoy-Garraza, Lucas,Kakietek, Jakub,Manteuffel, Brigitte A.,Murithi, Patrick,N'Jie, N'Della,Orago, Alloys,Riehman, Kara S.,Rodriguez-Garcia, Rosalia	2013	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	25	None	10.1080/09540121.2013.778383	The World Bank, Amer Canc Soc, ICF Macro, Natl AIDS Control Council	"Bonnel, Rene: The World Bank","N'Jie, N'Della: The World Bank","Rodriguez-Garcia, Rosalia: The World Bank",	International donors have increasingly shifted AIDS funding directly to community-based organizations (CBOs) with the assumption that responding to the epidemic is best achieved at the community level. The World Bank, ICF Macro, and the National Council for Population and Development in Kenya, conducted a study to evaluate the community response in Kenya. The study used a quasi-experimental design comparing seven study communities and seven comparison communities in Nyanza Province and Western Province. We examined the impact of CBO activity on individual and community-level outcomes, including HIV knowledge, awareness and perceptions, sexual risk behavior, and social transformation (gender ideology and social capital). The study consisted of two components: a household survey conducted in all 14 communities, and qualitative data collected in a subset of communities. Individuals in communities with higher CBO engagement were significantly more likely to have reported consistent condom use. Higher CBO engagement was associated with some measures of social capital, including participation in local and national elections, and participation in electoral campaigns. CBOs provide added value in addressing the HIV and AIDS epidemic in very targeted and specific ways that are closely tied to the services they provide (e.g., prevention education); thus, increasing CBO engagement can be an effective measure in scaling up prevention efforts in those areas.	COMMUNITY,"community-based organization",HIV,KENYA,PREVENTION,"NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS"	None	None
None	None	Design, implementation and evaluation of a national campaign to distribute nine million free LLINs to children under five years of age in Tanzania	Bonner K., Mwita A., McElroy P.D., Omari S., Mzava A., Lengeler C., Kaspar N., Nathan R., Ngegba J., Mtung'E R., Brown N.	2011	Malaria Journal	10	None	10.1186/1475-2875-10-73	National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, PO Box 9083, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; President's Malaria Initiative, American Embassy, PO Box 9123, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; ITN Cell, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box 3430, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Health Interventions Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box 4002, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; World Vision Tanzania, PO Box 6399, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Population Services International, PO Box 33500, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Bonner, K., National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, PO Box 9083, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mwita, A., National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, PO Box 9083, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; McElroy, P.D., President's Malaria Initiative, American Embassy, PO Box 9123, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Omari, S., National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, PO Box 9083, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, ITN Cell, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box 3430, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mzava, A., National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, PO Box 9083, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, ITN Cell, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box 3430, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Lengeler, C., Health Interventions Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box 4002, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Kaspar, N., President's Malaria Initiative, American Embassy, PO Box 9123, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Nathan, R., Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Ngegba, J., World Vision Tanzania, PO Box 6399, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Mtung'E, R., Population Services International, PO Box 33500, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Brown, N., National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, PO Box 9083, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, ITN Cell, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box 3430, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Background: After a national voucher scheme in 2004 provided pregnant women and infants with highly subsidized insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), use among children under five years (U5s) in mainland Tanzania increased from 16% in 2004 to 26.2% in 2007. In 2008, the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare planned a catch-up campaign to rapidly and equitably deliver a free long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) to every child under five years in Tanzania. Methods. The ITN Cell, a unit within the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP), coordinated the campaign on behalf of the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. Government contractors trained and facilitated local government officials to supervise village-level volunteers on a registration of all U5s and the distribution and issuing of LLINs. The registration results formed the basis for the LLIN order and delivery to village level. Caregivers brought their registration coupons to village issuing posts during a three-day period where they received LLINs for their U5s. Household surveys in five districts assessed ITN ownership and use immediately after the campaign. Results: Nine donors contributed to the national campaign that purchased and distributed 9.0 million LLINs at an average cost of $7.07 per LLIN, including all campaign-associated activities. The campaign covered all eight zones of mainland Tanzania, the first region being covered separately during an integrated measles immunization/malaria LLIN distribution in August 2008, and was implemented one zone at a time from March 2009 until May 2010. ITN ownership at household level increased from Tanzania's 2008 national average of 45.7% to 63.4%, with significant regional variations. ITN use among U5s increased from 28.8% to 64.1%, a 2.2-fold increase, with increases ranging from 22.1-38.3% percentage points in different regions. Conclusion: A national-level LLIN distribution strategy that fully engaged local government authorities helped avoid additional burden on the healthcare system. Distribution costs per net were comparable to other public health interventions. Particularly among rural residents, ITN ownership and use increased significantly for the intended beneficiaries. The upcoming universal LLIN distribution and further behaviour change communication will further improve ITN ownership and use in 2010-2011. © 2011 Bonner et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	None	measles vaccine; article; bed net; caregiver; child care; financial management; government; health care cost; health care planning; health program; health survey; human; immunization; long lasting insecticidal net; malaria; measles; prevalence; registration; Tanzania; bed; economics; evaluation; female; health care policy; health care survey; instrumentation; malaria; methodology; mosquito; organization and management; preschool child; Tanzania; utilization review; Bedding and Linens; Child, Preschool; Female; Health Care Surveys; Health Policy; Humans; Insecticide-Treated Bednets; Malaria; Mosquito Control; Ownership; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951994718	Performance of LED-based fluorescence microscopy to diagnose tuberculosis in a peripheral health centre in Nairobi	Bonnet M., Gagnidze L., Githui W., Guérin P.J., Bonte L., Varaine F., Ramsay A.	2011	PLoS ONE	6	2	10.1371/journal.pone.0017214	Epicentre, Paris, France; Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France; UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland	Bonnet, M., Epicentre, Paris, France; Gagnidze, L., Epicentre, Paris, France; Githui, W., Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Guérin, P.J., Epicentre, Paris, France; Bonte, L., Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France; Varaine, F., Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France; Ramsay, A., UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland	Background: Sputum microscopy is the only tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic available at peripheral levels of care in resource limited countries. Its sensitivity is low, particularly in high HIV prevalence settings. Fluorescence microscopy (FM) can improve performance of microscopy and with the new light emitting diode (LED) technologies could be appropriate for peripheral settings. The study aimed to compare the performance of LED-FM versus Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) microscopy and to assess feasibility of LED-FM at a low level of care in a high HIV prevalence country. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in an urban health clinic in Nairobi, Kenya. Three sputum specimens were collected over 2 days from suspected TB patients. Each sample was processed with Auramine O and ZN methods and a 4th specimen was collected for TB culture reference standard. Auramine smears were read using the same microscope, equipped with the FluoLED™ fluorescence illuminator. Inter-reader agreement, reading time and technicians' acceptability assessed feasibility. Results: 497 patients were included and 1394 specimens were collected. The detection yields of LED-FM and ZN microscopy were 20.3% and 20.6% (p = 0.64), respectively. Sensitivity was 73.2% for LED-FM and 72% for ZN microscopy, p = 0.32. It was 96.7% and 95.9% for specificity, p = 0.53. Inter-reader agreement was high (kappa = 0.9). Mean reading time was three times faster than ZN microscopy with very good acceptance by technicians. Conclusions: Although it did not increase sensitivity, the faster reading time combined with very good acceptance and ease of use supports the introduction of LED-FM at the peripheral laboratory level of high TB and HIV burden countries. © 2011 Bonnet et al.	None	auramine; diagnostic agent; article; bacterium culture; bacterium detection; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; female; fluorescence microscopy; human; intermethod comparison; Kenya; light emitting diode; major clinical study; male; microscopy; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; prospective study; sensitivity and specificity; tuberculosis; urban area; ziehl neelsen microscopy; adolescent; adult; algorithm; biological model; chemistry; diode laser; evaluation; feasibility study; fluorescence microscopy; hospital; instrumentation; isolation and purification; light; methodology; microbiology; middle aged; productivity; sputum; tuberculosis; Adolescent; Adult; Algorithms; Efficiency; Feasibility Studies; Female; Hospitals, Satellite; Humans; Kenya; Lasers, Semiconductor; Light; Male; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sputum; Tuberculosis; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959837066	Polyandry is a common event in wild populations of the tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and may impact population reduction measures	Bonomi A., Bassetti F., Gabrieli P., Beadell J., Falchetto M., Scolari F., Gomulski L.M., Regazzini E., Ouma J.O., Caccone A., Okedi L.M., Attardo G.M., Guglielmino C.R., Aksoy S., Malacrida A.R.	2011	PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases	5	6	10.1371/journal.pntd.0001190	Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Mathematics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Trypanosomiasis Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Kikuyu, Kenya; National Livestock Resources Research Institute, Tororo, Uganda; Division of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy	Bonomi, A., Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Bassetti, F., Department of Mathematics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Gabrieli, P., Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Beadell, J., Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Falchetto, M., Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Scolari, F., Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Gomulski, L.M., Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Regazzini, E., Department of Mathematics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Ouma, J.O., Trypanosomiasis Research Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Kikuyu, Kenya; Caccone, A., Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Okedi, L.M., National Livestock Resources Research Institute, Tororo, Uganda; Attardo, G.M., Division of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States; Guglielmino, C.R., Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Aksoy, S., Division of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States; Malacrida, A.R., Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy	Background: Glossina fuscipes fuscipes is the main vector of human and animal trypanosomiasis in Africa, particularly in Uganda. Attempts to control/eradicate this species using biological methods require knowledge of its reproductive biology. An important aspect is the number of times a female mates in the wild as this influences the effective population size and may constitute a critical factor in determining the success of control methods. To date, polyandry in G.f. fuscipes has not been investigated in the laboratory or in the wild. Interest in assessing the presence of remating in Ugandan populations is driven by the fact that eradication of this species is at the planning stage in this country. Methodology/Principal Findings: Two well established populations, Kabukanga in the West and Buvuma Island in Lake Victoria, were sampled to assess the presence and frequency of female remating. Six informative microsatellite loci were used to estimate the number of matings per female by genotyping sperm preserved in the female spermathecae. The direct count of the minimum number of males that transferred sperm to the spermathecae was compared to Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian probability estimates. The three estimates provided evidence that remating is common in the populations but the frequency is substantially different: 57% in Kabukanga and 33% in Buvuma. Conclusions/Significance: The presence of remating, with females maintaining sperm from different mates, may constitute a critical factor in cases of re-infestation of cleared areas and/or of residual populations. Remating may enhance the reproductive potential of re-invading propagules in terms of their effective population size. We suggest that population age structure may influence remating frequency. Considering the seasonal demographic changes that this fly undergoes during the dry and wet seasons, control programmes based on SIT should release large numbers of sterile males, even in residual surviving target populations, in the dry season. © 2011 Bonomi et al.	None	animal behavior; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; chromosomal localization; controlled study; effective population size; female; genetic variability; genotype; Glossina; glossina fusca; insect control; male; mating system; microsatellite marker; nonhuman; parasite vector; polyandry; population structure; propagule; seasonal population dynamics; seasonal variation; species distribution; sperm preservation; spermatheca; Uganda; wild animal; animal; growth, development and aging; molecular typing; physiology; population dynamics; reproduction; season; sexual behavior; spermatozoon; tsetse fly; microsatellite DNA; Animals; Female; Genotype; Male; Microsatellite Repeats; Molecular Typing; Population Dynamics; Reproduction; Seasons; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Spermatozoa; Tsetse Flies; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937859588	Do we care about the distance to the CMB? Clarifying the impact of second-order lensing	Bonvin C., Clarkson C., Durrer R., Maartens R., Umeh O.	2015	Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics	2015	6	10.1088/1475-7516/2015/06/050	CERN, Theory Division, Geneva, Switzerland; Astrophysics, Cosmology and Gravity Centre, Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Département de Physique Théorique, Center for Astroparticle Physics, Université de Genève, Quai E. Ansermet 24, Genève 4, Switzerland; Physics Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom	Bonvin, C., CERN, Theory Division, Geneva, Switzerland; Clarkson, C., Astrophysics, Cosmology and Gravity Centre, Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Durrer, R., Département de Physique Théorique, Center for Astroparticle Physics, Université de Genève, Quai E. Ansermet 24, Genève 4, Switzerland; Maartens, R., Physics Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa, Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom; Umeh, O., Physics Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa	It has recently been shown that second-order corrections to the background distance-redshift relation can build up significantly at large redshifts, due to an aggregation of gravitational lensing events. This shifts the expectation value of the distance to the CMB by 1%. In this paper we show that this shift is already properly accounted for in standard CMB analyses. We clarify the role that the area distance to the CMB plays in the presence of second-order lensing corrections. © 2015 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl .	CMBR theory; cosmological parameters from CMBR; gravitational lensing	None	SNSF, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
Scopus	2-s2.0-62249133727	The relationships among gender, strategic capabilities, and performance of small retail firms in Ghana	Boohene R.	2009	Journal of African Business	10	1	10.1080/15228910802701601	Department of Management, School of Business, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Boohene, R., Department of Management, School of Business, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	The study examines the direct and indirect effects of gender on business strategies, firm resources, business owners' skills, and performance of small firms in Ghana. Small businesses comprise about 90% of all enterprises and are recognized as a crucial and integral component of economic development aimed at sustained poverty reduction in Ghana. The ability of these firms to contribute to economic development is influenced by their business strategies, determined by the firm's resources and owner-manager's business skills. Structured questionnaires from 600 owner-managers of small retail shops in the Accra Metropolitan area were analyzed. Structural equation modeling using partial least-squares was used to examine the relationships between gender, business strategies, firm resources, business owners' skills, and performance. Results show that the gender of the owner-managers has a direct influence on business performance, resources, and skills; a partial influence on business strategies; and an indirect influence on performance through business strategies. The findings suggest that assistance programs aimed at addressing business performance should target gender differences to enhance women business owners' strategies, resources, and skills.	Gender; Ghana; Resources; Skills; Strategy	corporate strategy; economic development; firm ownership; gender issue; least squares method; metropolitan area; Africa; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71449088918	The impact of a community-based pilot health education intervention for older people as caregivers of orphaned and sick children as a result of HIV and AIDS in South Africa	Boon H., Ruiter R.A.C., James S., Van Den Borne B., Williams E., Reddy P.	2009	Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology	24	4	10.1007/s10823-009-9101-2	Health Promotion Research and Development Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Horizons, Population Council, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, Netherlands	Boon, H., Health Promotion Research and Development Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands, Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, Netherlands; Ruiter, R.A.C., Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; James, S., Health Promotion Research and Development Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Van Den Borne, B., Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Williams, E., Horizons, Population Council, Johannesburg, South Africa; Reddy, P., Health Promotion Research and Development Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa	The increasing HIV and AIDS epidemic in South Africa poses a substantial burden to older people, in particular older women who mainly provide care for sick adult children and their grandchildren who have become orphaned and rendered vulnerable by the death or illness of their parents. In this study, 202 isiXhosa speaking older caregivers from Motherwell in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa were trained to provide care for grandchildren and adult children living with HIV or AIDS. Based on a community needs assessment, a health education intervention comprising four modules was designed to improve skills and knowledge which would be used to assist older people in their care-giving tasks. Some topics were HIV and AIDS knowledge, effective intergenerational communication, providing home-based basic nursing care, accessing social services and grants, and relaxation techniques. Structured one-on-one interviews measured differences between pre-intervention and post-intervention scores among those who attended all four modules vs. those that missed one or more of the sessions. The results demonstrated that older people who participated in all four workshops perceived themselves more able and in control to provide nursing care. The participants also showed a more positive attitude towards people living with HIV or AIDS and reported an increased level of HIV and AIDS knowledge. The results provided valuable information upon which the development of future interventions may be based and psychosocial and structural needs of the older caregivers may be addressed by relevant stakeholders. © The Author(s) 2009.	AIDS; Care-giving; HIV; Older people; South Africa	aged; article; attitude to health; caregiver; community care; education; female; health education; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; interview; male; middle aged; mortality; nursing; orphaned child; pilot study; psychological aspect; South Africa; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Caregivers; Child, Orphaned; Community Networks; Female; Health Education; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; HIV Infections; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646791867	Estimating gill-net selectivity for Labeo umbratus (Pisces: Cyprinidae), and an evaluation of using fyke-nets as a non-destructive sampling gear in small reservoirs	Booth A.J., Potts W.M.	2006	Fisheries Research	79	42371	10.1016/j.fishres.2006.02.015	Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6139, South Africa	Booth, A.J., Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6139, South Africa; Potts, W.M., Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6139, South Africa	Estimates of gill-net selectivity for the cyprinid fish, Labeo umbratus, were compared using two conventional and two new estimation methods. All four methods provided similar estimates. The SELECT method was shown to be the simplest and most robust statistically. The Sechin model was found to be appropriate for the smaller mesh sizes. Being based on fish morphology, the Sechin model is not suggested for estimating the gill-net selectivity when fish are likely to get tangled. Although the direct fyke-net method appeared to adequately estimate gill-net selectivity, large sample sizes are required to obtain an accurate estimate of the population structure. This method is, therefore, considered appropriate for high-density populations and may have application for species that are likely to get tangled. The length-structured selectivity model was the most complicated mathematically. While it accurately described the gear selection process it required additional estimates of age and growth. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Fyke-nets; Gill-nets; Labeo umbratus; Length-structured model; Sechin's model; SELECT	cyprinid; fish; gillnet; growth rate; population structure; statistical analysis; Cyprinidae; Cypriniformes; Labeo umbratus; Pisces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84857643664	Creative Industries, Inequality and Social Development: Developments, Impacts and Challenges in Cape Town	Booyens I.	2012	Urban Forum	23	1	10.1007/s12132-012-9140-6	Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators, Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X9182, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	Booyens, I., Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators, Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X9182, Cape Town 8000, South Africa, Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa	Creative industries are often regarded as avenues for urban regeneration, economic development and job creation. The growth of creative industries is linked to post-Fordist economic restructuring in cities. As a result, the economic base of cities has moved away from manufacturing to knowledge-intensive and service-based industries. While countries in the Global South generally contribute marginally to the global economy, some countries are seeking to enhance their competitiveness in the global environment and gain from opportunities presented by the creative economy. Policymakers in the Global South have therefore adopted creative industry policies, and often link these to social development outcomes. However, this presents various challenges. The literature indicates that creative industries can exacerbate existing inequalities and marginalise working class residents. Furthermore, the benefits of creative urban renewal do not necessarily reach poor communities. This paper contributes to debates regarding the role of creative industries in the urban economies of cities in the Global South. This reflects on the impacts of creative urban renewal, and the implications for social development and policy. It also considers recent development and challenges around creative industry promotion in Cape Town, with specific reference to the city-fringe neighbourhood of Woodstock. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Cities; Creative industries; Gentrification; Inequality; Post-industrial; Urban renewal	economic development; gentrification; global economy; industrial production; literature review; neighborhood; policy making; resident population; social development; social policy; urban economy; urban renewal; Cape Town; South Africa; Western Cape	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-30744463049	The role of social grants in mitigating the socio-economic impact of HIV/AIDS in two free state communities	Booysen F., Van Der Berg S.	2005	South African Journal of Economics	73	SPEC. ISS.	10.1111/j.1813-6982.2005.00038.x	Department of Economics, Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Department of Economics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Booysen, F., Department of Economics, Centre for Health Systems Research and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Van Der Berg, S., Department of Economics, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Social grants may play an important role in mitigating the impact of HIV/ AIDS. Eligibility for these grants is driven in part by the increasing burden of chronic illness, the mounting orphan crisis and the impoverishment of households associated with the epidemic. This article investigates the role of social grants in mitigating the socio-economic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa, using data from a panel study on the household impact of the epidemic. Social grants reduce inequality and decrease the prevalence, depth and severity of poverty in affected households. However, these transfers also have disincentive effects on employment, while non-uptake is in some cases higher amongst the poorest. © 2005 Economic Society of South Africa.	None	human immunodeficiency virus; social behavior; socioeconomic conditions; state role; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856597389	Evaluation and modification of off-host flea collection techniques used in northwest Uganda: Laboratory and field studies	Borchert J.N., Eisen R.J., Holmes J.L., Atiku L.A., Mpanga J.T., Brown H.E., Graham C.B., Babi N., Montenieri J.A., Enscore R.E., Gage K.L.	2012	Journal of Medical Entomology	49	1	10.1603/ME11045	Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States; Uganda Viral Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda	Borchert, J.N., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States; Eisen, R.J., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States; Holmes, J.L., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States; Atiku, L.A., Uganda Viral Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Mpanga, J.T., Uganda Viral Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Brown, H.E., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States; Graham, C.B., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States; Babi, N., Uganda Viral Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Montenieri, J.A., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States; Enscore, R.E., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States; Gage, K.L., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States	Quantifying the abundance of host-seeking fleas is critical for assessing risk of human exposure to flea-borne disease agents, including Yersinia pestis, the etiological agent of plague. Yet, reliable measures of the efficacy of existing host-seeking flea collection methods are lacking. In this study, we compare the efficacy of passive and active methods for the collection of host-seeking fleas in both the laboratory and human habitations in a plague-endemic region of northwest Uganda. In the laboratory, lighted "Kilonzo" flea traps modified with either blinking lights, the creation of shadows or the generation of carbon dioxide were less efficient at collecting Xenopsylla cheopis Rothchild and Ctenocephalides felis Bouch fleas than an active collection method using white cotton socks or cotton flannel. Passive collection using Kilonzo light traps in the laboratory collected significantly more X. cheopis than C. felis and active collection, using white socks and flannel, collected significantly more C. felis than X. cheopis. In field studies conducted in Uganda, Kilonzo traps using a flashlight were similar in their collection efficacy to Kilonzo traps using kerosene lamps. However, in contrast to laboratory studies, Kilonzo flea traps using flashlights collected a greater number of fleas than swabbing. Within human habitations in Uganda, Kilonzo traps were especially useful for collecting C. felis, the dominant species found in human habitations in this area. © 2012 Entomological Society of America.	Ctenocephalides felis; flea; flea trap; plague; Xenopsylla cheopis	animal; article; classification; flea; insect control; instrumentation; physiology; species difference; Uganda; Animals; Insect Control; Siphonaptera; Species Specificity; Uganda; Ctenocephalides; Ctenocephalides felis; Gossypium hirsutum; Siphonaptera (fleas); Xenopsylla; Xenopsylla cheopis; Yersinia pestis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956481702	Evaluation of rodent bait containing imidacloprid for the control of fleas on commensal rodents in a plague-endemic region of Northwest Uganda	Borchert J.N., Enscore R.E., Eisen R.J., Atiku L.A., Owor N., Acayo S., Babi N., Montenieri J.A., Gage K.L.	2010	Journal of Medical Entomology	47	5	10.1603/ME09221	Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampait Road, Fort Collins, CO 80522, United States; Uganda Virus Research Institute, Plot 51-59 Nakiwongo, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda	Borchert, J.N., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampait Road, Fort Collins, CO 80522, United States; Enscore, R.E., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampait Road, Fort Collins, CO 80522, United States; Eisen, R.J., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampait Road, Fort Collins, CO 80522, United States; Atiku, L.A., Uganda Virus Research Institute, Plot 51-59 Nakiwongo, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Owor, N., Uganda Virus Research Institute, Plot 51-59 Nakiwongo, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Acayo, S., Uganda Virus Research Institute, Plot 51-59 Nakiwongo, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Babi, N., Uganda Virus Research Institute, Plot 51-59 Nakiwongo, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda; Montenieri, J.A., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampait Road, Fort Collins, CO 80522, United States; Gage, K.L., Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampait Road, Fort Collins, CO 80522, United States	In recent decades, the majority of human plague cases (caused by Yersinia pestis) have been reported from Africa. In an effort to reduce the risk of the disease in this area, we evaluated the efficacy of a host-targeted rodent bait containing the insecticide imidacloprid for controlling fleas on house-dwelling commensal rodents in a plague-endemic region of northwestern Uganda. Results demonstrated that the use of a palatable, rodent-targeted, wax-based bait cube was effective at reducing the prevalence of fleas on commensal rodents and flea burdens on these animals at day 7 postbait exposure, but lacked significant residual activity, allowing flea populations to rebound in the absence of additional bait applications. Our results indicate the use of a palatable host-targeted bait block containing imidacloprid was an effective technique for quickly reducing flea numbers on rodents in northwest Uganda and, thus, could be useful for lowering the potential risk of human flea bite exposures during plague outbreaks if applied continuously during the period of risk.	ßea control; imidacloprid; plague; Rattus rattus	imidacloprid; imidazole derivative; insecticide; nitro derivative; animal; animal disease; article; ectoparasitosis; flea; human; plague; rodent; rodent disease; Uganda; Animals; Ectoparasitic Infestations; Humans; Imidazoles; Insecticides; Nitro Compounds; Plague; Rodent Diseases; Rodentia; Siphonaptera; Uganda; Animalia; Pulex irritans; Rattus; Rattus rattus; Rodentia; Siphonaptera (fleas); Yersinia pestis	None
None	None	In Tanzania, the many costs of pay-for-performance leave open to debate whether the strategy is cost-effective	Borghi J., Little R., Binyaruka P., Patouillard E., Kuwawenaruwa A.	2015	Health Affairs	34	3	10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0608	Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Cambridge, England, United Kingdom; Ifakara Health Institute, Dares Salaam, Tanzania; Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Health Intervention Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Switzerland; World Health Organization Global Malaria Programme, Geneva, Switzerland	Borghi, J., Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Little, R., Cambridge, England, United Kingdom; Binyaruka, P., Ifakara Health Institute, Dares Salaam, Tanzania; Patouillard, E., Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Health Intervention Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland, University of Basel, Switzerland, World Health Organization Global Malaria Programme, Geneva, Switzerland; Kuwawenaruwa, A., Ifakara Health Institute, Dares Salaam, Tanzania	Pay-for-performance programs in health care are widespread in low- and middle-income countries. However, there are no studies of these programs' costs or cost-effectiveness. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of a pay-for-performance pilot program in Tanzania and modeled costs of its national expansion.We reviewed project accounts and reports, interviewed key stakeholders, and derived outcomes from a controlled before-and-after study. In 2012 US dollars, the financial cost of the payfor-performance pilot was $1.2 million, and the economic cost was $2.3 million. The incremental cost per additional facility-based birth ranged from $540 to $907 in the pilot and from $94 to $261 for a national program. In a low-income setting, the costs of managing the program and generating and verifying performance data were substantial. Pay-for-performance programs can stimulate the generation and use of health information by health workers and managers for strategic planning purposes, but the time involved could divert attention from service delivery. Pay-for-performance programs may become more costeffective when integrated into routine systems over time. © 2015 Project HOPE-The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.	None	Article; cost effectiveness analysis; health care cost; health care delivery; health care personnel; household; human; lowest income group; manager; medical information; pay for performance program; personnel management; salary; strategic planning; Tanzania	None
None	None	Protocol for the evaluation of a free health insurance card scheme for poor pregnant women in Mbeya region in Tanzania: A controlled-before and after study	Borghi J., Ramsey K., Kuwawenaruwa A., Baraka J., Patouillard E., Bellows B., Binyaruka P., Manzi F.	2015	BMC Health Services Research	15	1	10.1186/s12913-015-0905-1	Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Population Council, Nairobi, Kenya	Borghi, J., Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Ramsey, K., Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Kuwawenaruwa, A., Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Baraka, J., Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Patouillard, E., Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, United Kingdom; Bellows, B., Population Council, Nairobi, Kenya; Binyaruka, P., Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Manzi, F., Ifakara Health Institute, Kiko Avenue, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Background: The use of demand-side financing mechanisms to increase health service utilisation among target groups and enhance service quality is gaining momentum in many low- and middle-income countries. However, there is limited evidence on the effects of such schemes on equity, financial protection, quality of care, and cost-effectiveness. A scheme providing free health insurance cards to poor pregnant women and their households was first introduced in two regions of Tanzania in 2011 and gradually expanded in 2012. Methods: A controlled before and after study will examine in one district the effect of the scheme on utilization, quality, and cost of healthcare services accessed by poor pregnant women and their households in Tanzania. Data will be collected 4 months before implementation of the scheme and 17 months after the start of implementation from a survey of 24 health facilities, 288 patients exiting consultations and 1500 households of women who delivered in the previous year in one intervention district (Mbarali). 288 observations of provider-client interactions will also be carried out. The same data will be collected from a comparison district in a nearby region. A process evaluation will ascertain how the scheme is implemented in practice and the level of implementation fidelity and potential moderators. The process evaluation will draw from impact evaluation data and from three rounds of data collection at the national, regional, district, facility and community levels. An economic evaluation will measure the cost-effectiveness of the scheme relative to current practice from a societal perspective. Discussion: This evaluation will generate evidence on the impact and cost-effectiveness of targeted health insurance for pregnant women in a low income setting, as well as building a better understanding of the implementation process and challenges for programs of this nature. © 2015 Borghi et al.	Demand-side financing; Economic evaluation; Health insurance; Impact evaluation; Maternal health; Poverty; Process evaluation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944457091	The economy wide impact of investment on infrastructure for electricity in ethiopia: A recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium approach	Borojo D.G.	2015	International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy	5	4	None	Department of Economics, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia	Borojo, D.G., Department of Economics, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia	This study has applied a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model to examine the economic impact of investment on infrastructure for electricity using an updated 2009/10 social accounting matrix. Three simulations (foreign saving, domestic household and enterprises saving and mix of foreign and domestic saving to finance the investment) in combination with total factor productivity of industrial and service sectors are used. The findings of the study have shown the improvement of the real gross domestic product (GDP), output of industrial and service sectors in all simulations. Nonetheless, mixed effects have found on household consumption and trade balance. The highest growth of real GDP is registered when the investment on electricity is fully financed by domestic household and enterprise saving. However, household consumption expenditure has grown at negative rate worsening the welfare of households. Investment on electricity fully financed by foreign saving is resulted in lower growth rate of real GDP due to worsening of net export. In addition, it has benefits for households as it increases their welfare. But it is to be repaid in the future that would increase indebtedness of the country. So, financing the investment partly by domestic household saving and foreign saving would be worthwhile. © 2015, Econjournals. All rights reserved.	Economy; Electricity infrastructure; Recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954708861	Evaluation of plasma human herpesvirus 8 DNA as a marker of clinical outcomes during antiretroviral therapy for AIDS-related kaposi sarcoma in Zimbabwe	Borok M., Fiorillo S., Gudza I., Putnam B., Ndemera B., White I.E., Gwanzura L., Schooley R.T., Campbell T.B.	2010	Clinical Infectious Diseases	51	3	10.1086/654800	University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Dept of Medicine, Mazowe Street, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Medical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, United States; University of California, San Diego, United States	Borok, M., University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Dept of Medicine, Mazowe Street, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Fiorillo, S., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, United States; Gudza, I., University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Dept of Medicine, Mazowe Street, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Putnam, B., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, United States; Ndemera, B., University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Dept of Medicine, Mazowe Street, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; White, I.E., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, United States; Gwanzura, L., Department of Medical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe; Schooley, R.T., University of California, San Diego, United States; Campbell, T.B., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, Aurora, United States	Background. The usefulness of plasma human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) DNA as a marker of response to treatment for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated Kaposi sarcoma (AIDS-KS) in an African setting is unknown. Methods. We conducted a prospective pilot study at the Parirenyatwa Hospital Kaposi Sarcoma Clinic (Harare, Zimbabwe) to investigate the hypothesis that the clinical response of AIDS-KS is associated with suppression of HHV-8 DNA. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was provided as coformulation of abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine. Clinical response was defined as survival to week 96 with either complete or partial resolution of KS disease. Results. Ninety ART-naive participants (62 men and 28 women) aged &gt;18 years who had human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and biopsy-confirmed KS were studied; 82% had stage T1 disease. Fifty participants received adjunctive chemotherapy. The median CD4+ lymphocyte count increased from 124 cells/μL at baseline to 281 cells/μL, the plasma HIV-1 RNA level decreased from 4.69 to &lt;2.60 log10 copies/mL, the plasma HHV-8 DNA level decreased from 660 to &lt;25 copies/mL, and HHV-8 DNA level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells decreased from 2790 to 37 copies/106 cells (P&lt;.001 for each comparison). There were 14 deaths (16%) and 13 patients (15%) lost to follow-up. The most common cause of death was infection. Clinical response of KS occurred in 17 participants (19%). Pretreatment plasma HHV-8 DNA levels of &lt;660 copies/mL were associated with greater survival (odds ratio, 2.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-7.53; Pp.04) and a better clinical response (odds ratio, 6.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.68-24.19; Pp.006). Conclusions. AIDS-KS tumor responses after ART initiation were limited. Pretreatment plasma HHV-8 DNA level may be a surrogate for KS disease that is in need of intensive clinical management. © 2010 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	abacavir; bleomycin; cotrimoxazole; doxorubicin; etoposide; lamivudine; nevirapine; vincristine; virus DNA; zidovudine; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; biological marker; virus DNA; acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adult; aged; anemia; article; bacterial arthritis; cause of death; CD4+ T lymphocyte; clinical trial; cohort analysis; cryptococcal meningitis; drug hypersensitivity; female; follow up; gastrointestinal infection; hepatitis; human; Human herpesvirus 8; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Kaposi sarcoma; lower respiratory tract infection; major clinical study; malaria; male; mortality; neutropenia; nonhuman; peripheral blood mononuclear cell; pilot study; Pneumocystis jiroveci; pneumonia; priority journal; prospective study; real time polymerase chain reaction; soft tissue infection; Stevens Johnson syndrome; stomatitis; survival; treatment duration; treatment outcome; tuberculosis; urinary tract infection; Zimbabwe; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; blood; complication; drug monitoring; genetics; highly active antiretroviral therapy; Human herpesvirus 8; isolation and purification; middle aged; plasma; procedures; Sarcoma, Kaposi; virology; virus load; Zimbabwe; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Aged; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Biological Markers; DNA, Viral; Drug Monitoring; Female; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Plasma; Prospective Studies; Sarcoma, Kaposi; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load; Zimbabwe; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Aged; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Biological Markers; DNA, Viral; Drug Monitoring; Female; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Plasma; Prospective Studies; Sarcoma, Kaposi; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load; Zimbabwe	None
None	None	Evaluation of short-, mid- and long-term effects of toe clipping on a wild rodent	Borremans B., Sluydts V., Makundi R.H., Leirs H.	2015	Wildlife Research	42	2	10.1071/WR14109	University of Antwerp, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerpen, Belgium; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Unit of Medical Entomology, Antwerpen, Belgium; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Pest Management Center, Morogoro, Tanzania	Borremans, B., University of Antwerp, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerpen, Belgium; Sluydts, V., Institute of Tropical Medicine, Unit of Medical Entomology, Antwerpen, Belgium; Makundi, R.H., Sokoine University of Agriculture, Pest Management Center, Morogoro, Tanzania; Leirs, H., University of Antwerp, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerpen, Belgium	Context Toe clipping is a widely used method for permanent marking of small mammals, but its effects are not well known, despite the ethical and scientific implications. Most studies do not find any clear effects, but there is some indication that toe clipping can affect survival in specific cases. Although effects on survival are arguably the most important, more subtle effects are also plausible, yet very few studies have included body condition and none has investigated effects on mobility. Aims We analysed the effects of toe clipping on free-living Mastomys natalensis, a common, morphologically and behaviourally intermediate small rodent. Methods Using a 17-year capture-mark-recapture dataset, we compared movement, body weight and survival between newly and previously clipped animals, and tested whether any of these parameters correlated with the number of clipped toes. Key results No evidence for a correlation between total number of clips and any of the variables was found. Newly clipped animals had a slightly smaller weight change and larger travel distance than did those that were already clipped, and we show that this is most likely due to stress caused by being captured, clipped and handled for the first time rather than to the actual clipping. Conclusions The combination of trapping, handling and marking has a detectable effect on multimammate mice; however, there is no evidence for a clear effect of toe clipping. Implications Our study suggests a re-evaluation of ethical guidelines on small-mammal experiments, so as to reach a rational, fact-based decision on which marking method to use. © 2015 CSIRO.	Animal ethics; Animal welfare; Capture-mark-recapture; Individual identification; Mastomys natalensis; Permanent marking; Survival	animal welfare; biological control; body condition; clipping; decision making; mark-recapture method; marking method; mobility; morphology; rodent; survival; trapping; wild population; Animalia; Mammalia; Mastomys natalensis; Mus; Rodentia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20544455616	Carbohydrate ingestion during exercise & endurance performance	Bosch A.N., Noakes T.D.	2005	Indian Journal of Medical Research	121	5	None	UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands 7700, South Africa	Bosch, A.N., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands 7700, South Africa; Noakes, T.D., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Boundary Road, Newlands 7700, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	carbohydrate; glucose; insulin; article; carbohydrate intake; carbohydrate metabolism; concentration (parameters); endurance; energy consumption; energy metabolism; exercise; fatigue; glucose blood level; glycogen muscle level; glycogenolysis; human; insulin blood level; medical research; oxidation; oxygen consumption; physical activity; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Exercise; Glucose; Humans; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Endurance; Time Factors	None
WoS	WOS:000272009600019	Evaluating the effectiveness of a strategy for teaching neonatal resuscitation in West Africa	Bose, Carl,Engmann, Cyril,Enweronu-Laryea, Christabel,Osafo, Alexandra	2009	RESUSCITATION	80	11	10.1016/j.resuscitation.2009.08.005	University of Ghana, University of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Korle Bu Teaching Hosp	"Bose, Carl: University of North Carolina","Bose, Carl: University of North Carolina Chapel Hill","Enweronu-Laryea, Christabel: University of Ghana",	Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a strategy for teaching neonatal resuscitation on the cognitive knowledge of health professionals who attend deliveries in Ghana, West Africa. Methods: Train-the-trainer model was used to train health professionals at 2-3 day workshops from 2003 to 2007. Obstetric Anticipatory Care and Basic Neonatal Care modules were taught as part of Neonatal Resuscitation Training package. American Neonatal Resuscitation Program was adapted to the clinical role of participants and local resources. Cognitive knowledge was evaluated by written pre- and post-training tests. Results: The median pre-training and post-training scores were 38% and 71% for midwives. 43% and 81% for nurses, 52% and 90% for nurse anaesthetists, and 62% and 98% for physicians. All groups of the 271 professionals (18 nurse anaesthetists, 55 nurses, 68 physicians, and 130 midwives) who completed the course showed significant improvement (p &lt; 0.001) in median post-training test scores, Midwives at primary health care facilities were less likely to achieve passing post-test scores than midwives at secondary and tertiary facilities [35/53 vs. 24/26 vs. 45/51 (p = 0.004)] respectively. Conclusion: Evidence-based neonatal resuscitation training adapted to local resources significantly improved cognitive knowledge of all groups of health professionals. Further modification of training for midwives working at primary level health facilities and incorporation of neonatal resuscitation in continuing education and professional training programs are recommended. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	GHANA,"neonatal resuscitation",TRAINING,COURSES,GHANA,IMPACT,MORTALITY	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650089171	Influence of sex and location on relationship between student problems and academic performance	Bosede A.F.	2010	Social Sciences	5	4	10.3923/sscience.2010.340.345	Department of Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Education, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Bosede, A.F., Department of Guidance and Counselling, Faculty of Education, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	This study investigated the relationship between male and female student problems and academic performance. It also examined the relationship between students problems and academic performance among rural and urban students. A descriptive research design was adopted for the study, a total of 300 JSS 3 students in 6 schools from Akure north and akure south local government areas were used as sample. The instrument used was a standardized self report inventory called Student Problem Inventory (SPI). The validity and reliability of the instrument were already established by the maker. However, the test-retest reliability obtained by the researcher was 0.77. The statistical techniques used to analyse the data generated was pearson product moment correlation. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant negative relationship between student problems and academic performance among male, female, rural and urban students. Based on the findings, it was recommended that counsellors, parents and teachers should help the students to deal with their problems and teach problem solving skills, also parents should adopt good child rearing techniques. © Medwell Journals, 2010.	Child rearing techniques; Frustration; Nigeria; Relationshipes; SPI; Students problems	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887563654	Gamma (γ)-Ray Activity as a Tool for Identification of Hidden Ejecta Deposits Around Impact Crater on Basaltic Target: Example from Lonar Crater, India	Bose T., Misra S., Chakraborty S., Reddy K.	2013	Earth, Moon and Planets	111	42371	10.1007/s11038-013-9422-6	Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, 411008, India; School of Geological Sciences, SAEES, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500007, India	Bose, T., Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, 411008, India; Misra, S., School of Geological Sciences, SAEES, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Chakraborty, S., Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, 411008, India; Reddy, K., National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500007, India	Geophysical techniques based on radioactivity measurements are not generally used for exploration of asteroid impact craters. Our studies on the field and laboratory measurements of radioactivity on samples from the Lonar crater, India, show that this technique could be an important method for mapping the distribution of ejecta around the deeply excavated impact craters particularly when these structures are formed on relatively old target rocks/palaeosol. The Lonar ejecta shows ~1.3 times higher γ-ray count rates in the field on average compared to the underlying palaeosol and ~1.9 times higher values over the target basalt while measured by a portable Geiger-Müller pulse counter. The absorbed γ-dose rate (D) of the Lonar samples, computed from 232Th, 238U, and 40K abundances in these samples, also show that the ejecta has distinct bulk dose rates (average ~8.42 nGy h-1) as compared to those of the palaeosol (~18.34 nGy h-1), target basalt (~11.97 nGy h-1), and the impact-melts and spherules (~14 nGy h-1). Therefore, radioactivity mapping of the terrestrial and planetary impact craters by direct methods has importance in mapping ejecta distributions around these structures. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Absorbed γ-dose rate (D); Ejecta; Gamma-radiation; Geiger-Müller pulse counter; Lonar crater; Palaeosol	basalt; crater; ejecta; gamma ray radiation; paleosol; radioactivity; spherule; India; Lonar Crater; Maharashtra; Spherules	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856588612	Testing stemming performance, possible or not?	Boshoff D., Webber-Youngman R.C.W.	2011	Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy	111	12	None	Anglo American, Johannesburg, South Africa; University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Boshoff, D., Anglo American, Johannesburg, South Africa; Webber-Youngman, R.C.W., University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	The ability of an explosive to break rock is influenced considerably by the extent of confinement in the blasthole. It is believed that confinement is improved by the use of adequate stemming. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the first and second stages of developing a stemming performance testing rig for small diameter boreholes. The rig was used to compare and contrast the performance of different designs of products. The results showed that different stemming products have differences in terms of their functionality, which can have a major impact on the efficiency of rock breaking. Two test procedures were used, one through the exclusive use of compressed air and the second using a purposebuilt high pressure test rig with small quantities of explosives. Both tests were used to identify and evaluate the ability of various stemming products to resist the escape of explosive gas through the collar of a blasthole. An investigation was done to determine the types of stemming products most commonly used in South African underground hard rock mines, and these products were used during the tests. The first stage of tests using compressed air only did not prove adequate to predict with certainty the pressure behaviour in the borehole of a particular product under high pressure conditions. The purpose-built high pressure test rig also did not prove to be a very effective tool to test stemming products under high pressure conditions. The test rig incorporated only the effect of gas pressure on the stemming product, and excluded the effect of the shock wave. This study therefore proved that to take into account only the gas pressure generated in the blasthole is not sufficient to effectively test stemming product performance. © The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2011.	Blasthole; Break rock; Confinement; Explosive; Stemming performance testing.	Blasthole; Effective tool; Gas pressures; Hard rock mines; High-pressure condition; High-pressure test-rig; Performance testing; Product performance; Rock breaking; Test procedures; Test rigs; Ability testing; Boreholes; Compressed air; Drilling rigs; Explosives; Plasma confinement; Pressure vessels; Rock products	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930376404	Predictive complexation models of the impact of natural organic matter and cations on scaling in cooling water pipes: A case study of power generation plants in South Africa	Bosire G.O., Ngila J.C., Mbugua J.M.	2014	Physics and Chemistry of the Earth	None	None	10.1016/j.pce.2014.11.007	Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa; Technical University of Kenya (TUK), Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, P.O. Box 52428, Nairobi, Kenya	Bosire, G.O., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa; Ngila, J.C., Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mbugua, J.M., Technical University of Kenya (TUK), Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, P.O. Box 52428, Nairobi, Kenya	This work discusses simulative models of Ca and Mg complexation with natural organic matter (NOM), in order to control the incidence of scaling in pipes carrying cooling water at the Eskom power generating stations in South Africa. In particular, the paper reports how parameters such as pH and trace element levels influence the distribution of scaling species and their interactions, over and above mineral phase saturation indices. In order to generate modelling inputs, two experimental scenarios were created in the model solutions: Firstly, the trace metals Cu, Pb and Zn were used as markers for Ca and Mg complexation to humic acid and secondly the effect of natural organic matter in cooling water was determined by spiking model solutions. Labile metal ions and total elements in model solutions and water samples were analysed by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), respectively. ICP-OES results revealed high levels of K, Na, S, Mg and Ca and low levels of trace elements (Cd, Se, Pb, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Al and Zn) in the cooling water samples. Using the Tipping and Hurley's database WHAM in PHREEQC format (T_H.DAT), the total elemental concentrations were run as inputs on a PHREEQC code, at pH 6.8 and defined charge as alkalinity (as HCO3-) For model solutions, PHREEQC inputs were based on (i) free metal differences attributed to competitive effect of Ca and the effect of Ca+Mg, respectively; (ii) total Ca and Mg used in the model solutions and (iii) alkalinity described as hydrogen carbonate. Anodic stripping peak heights were used to calculate the concentration of the free/uncomplexed/labile metal ions (used as tracers) in the model solutions. The objective of modelling was to describe scaling in terms of saturation indices of mineral phases. Accordingly, the minerals most likely to generate scale were further simulated (over a range of pH (3-10) to yield results that mimicked changing pH. Speciation calculations of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ generated azurite, cerrusite and smithsonite mineral phases, which showed positive saturation indices at higher pH, hence increased potential to precipitate (form scale). The derived predictive models would act as a useful management tool and henceforth aid to avoid unnecessary costs due to the consequences of scaling. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.	Cooling water; Humic acid; Metal complexation; Mineral phases; Natural organic matter; Pipe scaling	Alkalinity; Biogeochemistry; Biological materials; Calcium; Chemicals removal (water treatment); Cooling; Copper; Electric substations; Inductively coupled plasma; Magnesium; Manganese; Manganese removal (water treatment); Metal ions; Metals; Minerals; Optical emission spectroscopy; Organic acids; Organic compounds; pH; Spectrometry; Trace elements; Voltammetry; Water pipelines; Zinc; Elemental concentrations; Humic acid; Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry; Metal complexation; Mineral phasis; Natural organic matters; Speciation calculations; Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry; Cooling water; calcium; cation; complexation; cooling water; humic acid; magnesium; organic matter; pipe; power generation; power plant; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33748960781	Determination of the impact on the standing losses of installing blankets to electric hot water heaters in South Africa	Bosman I.E., Grobler L.J., Dalgleish A.Z.	2006	Journal of Energy in Southern Africa	17	2	None	North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Bosman, I.E., North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Grobler, L.J., North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Dalgleish, A.Z., North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Electric hot water heater blankets are being used as a demand-side management (DSM) measure to save electricity consumption in residential areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of installing blankets to hot water heaters. A residential apartment building consisting of eighteen similar flats were used for the study. All the flats were equipped with the same 100-litre hot water heaters. The set points of the geysers used in the test were set at 60°C and 70°C. The standing losses were measured over an extended period and related to the ambient temperatures. The data was then used to develop a generic equation describing the standing losses of the specific hot water heaters using the ambient and set point temperatures as inputs. The hot water heaters were covered with insulation blankets and the study was repeated. A generic equation was again developed for the heaters with blankets. Finally, the generic equations were applied to determine the annual savings that would be realised if the hot water heaters were situated in Pretoria, Cape Town, Johannesburg, Durban and Bloemfontein, using hourly meteorological weather data of the different locations.	Blankets; Demand side management; Hot water heaters; Measurement and verification; Standing losses	Electricity; Energy utilization; Geysers; Thermal effects; Blankets; Demand side management; Hot water heaters; Standing losses; Water heaters	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898977452	Socioeconomic impacts of floods and droughts in the middle Zambezi river basin: Case of Kanyemba	Bosongo G.B., Longo J.N., Goldin J., Muamba V.L.	2014	International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management	6	2	10.1108/IJCCSM-03-2013-0016	Department of Soils Physics and Hydrology, Regional Center for Nuclear Study, Kinshasa, Congo; Ministry of the Environment, Kinshasa, Congo; University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Environmental Physics, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo	Bosongo, G.B., Department of Soils Physics and Hydrology, Regional Center for Nuclear Study, Kinshasa, Congo; Longo, J.N., Ministry of the Environment, Kinshasa, Congo; Goldin, J., University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Muamba, V.L., Department of Environmental Physics, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo	Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to analyse how floods and droughts affect communities' livelihood in the middle Zambezi river basin and coping mechanisms which households apply to counter the impact of floods and droughts. Design/methodology/approach: The method adopted was semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and semi-structured questionnaires. Findings: Thematic analysis shows that the major issues affecting communities' livelihood in the middle Zambezi river basin are related to frequent floods and droughts. Floods are due to heavy seasonal rainfall which occurs at the peak of the rainfall season. As for droughts, the frequency of dry-spells of 20 days on average has been observed during the crop season. The impacts of floods and droughts in the district, notably in some wards such as Kanyemba, are the reduction of crop production, food shortages, reduction of agriculture derived income and erosion of social network. Households have responded to these impacts through a number of coping mechanisms including disposal of assets, labour migration, stream bank and floodplain cultivation, piecework, remittance, wild production and fishing. However, such coping mechanisms are short term and some of them are in conflict with the country's environmental laws. Originality/value: This paper reports a study on the first such finding related to socioeconomic impact of floods and droughts on households located in the middle Zambezi valley which is 500 km from Harare with a specific focus on traditional coping strategies in the face of disasters. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Coping mechanisms; Droughts; Floods; Impact; Kanyemba; Socioeconomic	coping strategy; crop production; drought; environmental legislation; flood; floodplain; labor migration; rainfall; river basin; social network; socioeconomic impact; traditional knowledge; Harare [Zimbabwe]; Zambezi River; Zambezi Valley; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875484401	Performance of the RPC-based ALICE muon trigger system at the LHC	Bossù F., Gagliardi M., Marchisone M.	2012	Journal of Instrumentation	7	12	10.1088/1748-0221/7/12/T12002	Università Degli Studi, Sezione INFN di Torino, Via Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy; Université B. Pascal and LPC Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS-IN2P3, 24 Avenue des Landais, 63171 Aubière Cedex, France; IThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa	Bossù, F., Università Degli Studi, Sezione INFN di Torino, Via Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy, IThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa; Gagliardi, M., Università Degli Studi, Sezione INFN di Torino, Via Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy; Marchisone, M., Università Degli Studi, Sezione INFN di Torino, Via Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy, Université B. Pascal and LPC Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS-IN2P3, 24 Avenue des Landais, 63171 Aubière Cedex, France	The forward muon spectrometer of ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is equipped with a trigger system made of four planes of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC), arranged in two stations with two planes each, for a total area of about 140 m2. The system provides single and di-muon triggers with suitable transverse momentum selection, optimised for the physics of quarkonia and open heavy flavour. In the first two years of data-taking at the Large Hadron Collider (2010 and 2011) the 72 RPCs were operated in highly saturated avalanche mode in both pp and Pb-Pb collisions. The integrated charge was about 1.3 mC/cm2 on average and 3.5 mC/cm2 for the most exposed detectors. This paper describes two main results. The first result is the determination of the RPC performance, with particular focus on the stability of the main detector parameters such as efficiency, dark current, and dark rate. The second result is the measurement of the muon trigger performance in Pb-Pb collisions at s NN = 2.76 TeV, in terms of the reliability and stability of the trigger decision logic. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl.	Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Muon spectrometers; Trigger detectors	Astroparticle physics; Detector parameters; Large Hadron Collider; Large ion collider experiments; Muon spectrometer; Reliability and stability; Resistive plate chambers; Transverse momenta; Charged particles; Detectors; Experiments; Lead; Particle detectors; Tellurium compounds; Trigger circuits; Particle spectrometers	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84911919724	Evaluation of parent-child pairs on antiretroviral therapy in separate adult and pediatric clinics	Bost B.P., Fairlie L., Karstaedt A.S.	2014	Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care	13	6	10.1177/2325957413503367	Department of Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 128, Parklands, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Bost, B.P., Department of Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 128, Parklands, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fairlie, L., Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Karstaedt, A.S., Department of Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 128, Parklands, Johannesburg, South Africa	In Africa, HIV infection is considered a family disease. A retrospective cohort analysis was performed to describe the characteristics and outcome in 35 parent-child pairs taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) in separate adult and pediatric HIV clinics. In 26 pairs, ART was first initiated in children. Baseline median CD4 count was 122/mm3 in adults and 376/mm3 in children. World Health Organization stage 3 or 4 disease affected 49% of adults and 83% of children. In all, 3 parents and 1 child died. Hospitalization, poor adherence, missed appointments, or regimen change affected >50% of pairs on ART. Following tuberculosis diagnosis in their parents, 2 of the 5 children were not investigated. By week 104, 29 (83%) pairs remained on ART, and 69% of patients on ART were virologically suppressed. Parent-child pairs with advanced HIV infection had good outcomes when cared for in separate clinics. Establishing lines of communication between clinics is important. Family-centered services may provide more integrated care. © The Author(s) 2013.	Africa; antiretroviral treatment outcomes; children; HIV; parents	antiretrovirus agent; efavirenz; lamivudine; stavudine; zidovudine; antiretrovirus agent; adult; Africa; Article; child; cohort analysis; female; hospitalization; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; parent; patient care; patient compliance; pediatric hospital; treatment outcome; tuberculosis; CD4 lymphocyte count; HIV Infections; immunology; infant; middle aged; outpatient department; pediatrics; preschool child; retrospective study; young adult; Adult; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Anti-Retroviral Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; HIV Infections; Hospitalization; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Parents; Patient Compliance; Pediatrics; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult	None
WoS	WOS:000296164100006	Impact of learning HIV status on contraceptive use in the MIRA trial	Blanchard, Kelly,Bostrom, Alan,Chipato, Tsungai,de Bruyn, Guy,Holt, Kelsey,Montgomery, Elizabeth T.,Padian, Nancy S.,Ramjee, Gita,van der Straten, Ariane	2011	JOURNAL OF FAMILY PLANNING AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE	37	4	10.1136/jfprhc-2011-0109	University of California Berkeley, University of California San Francisco, University of California System, University of Zimbabwe, Ibis Reprod Hlth, MRC, Perinatal HIV Res Unit, RTI Int	"Bostrom, Alan: University of California San Francisco","Bostrom, Alan: University of California System","Chipato, Tsungai: University of Zimbabwe","Padian, Nancy S.: University of California Berkeley","Padian, Nancy S.: University of California System",	Background and methodology We examined the effect of becoming HIV-positive on contraceptive practices in a Phase III randomised controlled trial of the diaphragm for HIV prevention. We coded self-reported contraceptive use into seven categories of methods in order of effectiveness. We compared the proportion using each category of contraception at baseline and last visit between women who did and did not become HIV-positive. We compared changes in the proportion using each category of contraception from baseline to last visit and calculated the percentage of women that moved to a more or less effective method category or stayed the same. We examined immediate and long-term changes in contraceptive use category after learning HIV-positive status. Results A total of 4645 women remained HIV-negative and 309 became HIV-positive. The proportion using each category of contraception was similar between groups at baseline and last visit. In both groups approximately one-fifth changed to a less effective method category between baseline and last visit. Few women reported using long-acting methods. Among HIV-positive women, shorter-term changes in the proportion using each category of contraception were similar to longer-term changes, though somewhat more women were using a method in the same category 3 months after seroconversion. Discussion and conclusions Learning about HIV-positive status did not appear to significantly change patterns of use of effective contraceptives or the probability of switching to a more or less effective method. Information about, and access to, long-acting methods should receive more attention and be a routine part of family planning programmes and prevention trials.	,WOMEN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901594994	Change in performance in response to training load adjustment based on autonomic activity	Botek M., McKune A.J., Krejci J., Stejskal P., Gaba A.	2014	International Journal of Sports Medicine	35	6	10.1055/s-0033-1354385	Faculty of Physical Culture, Department of Natural Sciences in Kinathropology, Tř. Míru 115, Olomouc 771 40, Czech Republic; Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Botek, M., Faculty of Physical Culture, Department of Natural Sciences in Kinathropology, Tř. Míru 115, Olomouc 771 40, Czech Republic; McKune, A.J., Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Krejci, J., Faculty of Physical Culture, Department of Natural Sciences in Kinathropology, Tř. Míru 115, Olomouc 771 40, Czech Republic; Stejskal, P., Faculty of Physical Culture, Department of Natural Sciences in Kinathropology, Tř. Míru 115, Olomouc 771 40, Czech Republic; Gaba, A., Faculty of Physical Culture, Department of Natural Sciences in Kinathropology, Tř. Míru 115, Olomouc 771 40, Czech Republic	The primary aim of this study was to assess performance (Perf) changes in response to a new training strategy. Specifically, based on spectral analysis of heart rate variability (SA HRV) to determine autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, training doses were adjusted to maintain vagal activity at a high and relatively stable level during training preparation. Trained athletes (5 male and 5 female) aged 23.2±4.2 years voluntarily participated in the study. ANS activity was assessed during an orthoclinostatic test, and was represented by calculating HRV variables and a total score index. Over 17 weeks, improvement (1.4-8.5%) and deterioration (0.1-8.8%) in Perf were detected in 7 and 3 athletes, respectively. A relationship (rs=0.684; P&lt;0.05) between the change in Perf (ΔPerf) and supine PHF during season was found. Supine HRV indices (PHF, PT, and MSSD) for the last 3 weeks of the HRV-adjusting period correlated (rs=0.636; 0.648; 0.648, P&lt;0.05) with ΔPerf. Based on the results, a high and relative stable vagal activity during preparation may indicate a readiness to train or appropriate recovery that positively affects Perf. In conclusion, daily quantification of ANS activity by SA HRV seems to be a promising tool for the enhancement of Perf. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.	adaptability; athlete; exercise; heart rate variability; vagal activity	adult; athletic performance; female; heart rate; human; male; physical education; physiology; procedures; vagus nerve; young adult; Adult; Athletic Performance; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Physical Education and Training; Vagus Nerve; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55549096688	Evaluation of Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA and Lactobacillus plantarum 423 as probiotics by using a gastro-intestinal model with infant milk formulations as substrate	Botes M., van Reenen C.A., Dicks L.M.T.	2008	International Journal of Food Microbiology	128	2	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.09.016	Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Botes, M., Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; van Reenen, C.A., Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Dicks, L.M.T., Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA and Lactobacillus plantarum 423 produce bacteriocins with activity against a number of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Both strains survived intestinal conditions simulated in a gastro-intestinal model (GIM) with infant milk formulations as substrate and prevented the growth of Listeria monocytogenes ScottA. The strains are inhibited by the antibiotics amoxicillin, cefadroxil, roxithromycin and doxycycline, anti-inflammatory medicaments containing meloxicam, ibuprofen and sodium diklofenak, and analgesics containing paracetamol, codeine phosphate and promethazine. Strain 423 is sensitive to vancomycin and does not contain genes encoding gelatinase, cell aggregation substance (AS), adhesion to collagen (Ace), enterococcus surface protein (Esp), Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis antigen (EfaAfs), cytolysin and non-cytolysin (β-hemolysin III). Genes encoding AS, cytolysin and non-cytolysin (β-hemolysin III) were amplified from the genome of strain ST4SA. Survival of strains ST4SA and 423 improved when used as combined cultures in the GIM and compared well with the survival of commercially available probiotics subjected to the same conditions. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA; Lactobacillus plantarum 423; Probiotics	acetylsalicylic acid; amoxicillin; bacterial protein; beta hemolysin iii; cefadroxil; cell aggregation substance; ciprofloxacin; codeine phosphate; collagen; cytolysin; diclofenac; dipyrone; doxycycline; Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis antigen; Enterococcus surface protein; gelatinase; hydrolase; ibuprofen; meloxicam; norfloxacin; paracetamol; piroxicam; prednisolone; promethazine; roxithromycin; unclassified drug; vancomycin; antibacterial activity; antibiotic sensitivity; article; artificial milk; bacterial gene; bacterial genome; bacterial growth; bacterial strain; bacterial survival; bacterium culture; controlled study; Enterococcus; enterococcus mundtii; enzyme activity; gene amplification; genetic code; Lactobacillus plantarum; Listeria monocytogenes; model; nonhuman; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiosis; Bacterial Adhesion; Bacteriocins; Colony Count, Microbial; Consumer Product Safety; Enterococcus; Food Microbiology; Humans; Infant; Infant Formula; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Lactobacillus plantarum; Listeria monocytogenes; Models, Biological; Probiotics; Species Specificity; Enterococcus; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterococcus mundtii; Lactobacillus plantarum; Listeria monocytogenes; Negibacteria; Posibacteria	None
None	None	The measurement of wool fibre properties and their effect on worsted processing performance and product quality. Part 1: The objective measurement of wool fibre properties	Botha A.F., Hunter L.	2010	Textile Progress	42	4	10.1080/00405167.2010.486932	CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, Fibres and Textiles Industrial Support Centre, PO Box 1124, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Botha, A.F., CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, Fibres and Textiles Industrial Support Centre, PO Box 1124, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Hunter, L., CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, Fibres and Textiles Industrial Support Centre, PO Box 1124, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa, Department of Textile Science, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	The world has moved away from subjective appraisal of raw wool characteristics and has entered an era of objective measurement and specification, and the raw wool trade is rapidly moving towards sale by total description which necessitates the accurate, rapid and cost effective measurement of all the raw wool characteristics important in determining price, textile performance and end-use. The development and availability of new technologies and equipment have enabled the objective measurement of many more raw wool characteristics than was possible in the past. Over the past few decades, a considerable amount of research has been carried out worldwide on the effect of the raw wool characteristics on topmaking and spinning performance, as well as on yarn properties. This was done in order to gain a better understanding of, and to quantify, the effects of fibre and processing parameters on processing behaviour and performance and on the properties of the top and yarn and even the fabric. An important aim of the research was to improve the processing of wool and the productivity and cost effectiveness of the various processing stages. This research led to a better understanding of which raw wool characteristics influence textile processing behaviour and performance, as well as the product quality and end-use performance, and ultimately the raw wool price. On the basis of this, technologies and instruments were developed and commercialised for measuring the key raw wool characteristics rapidly, accurately and cost effectively. In parallel to this, the associated test methods were developed and standardised largely under the umbrella of the IWTO, many of these being adopted and used in raw wool marketing and trading worldwide. This review covers the research and development carried out over more than half a century on the development and standardisation of technologies, instruments and test methods for the measurement of those characteristics determining the price and textile quality of raw wool and which are therefore important in terms of the global marketing and trading of raw wool. Research and development in this field is still continuing, but at a much lower intensity and pace than during the second half of the previous century. © 2010 The Textile Institute.	coarse edge; coloured fibres; dark fibres; fibre crimp; fibre curvature; fibre diameter; fibre length; Hauteur; medullated fibres; pigmented fibres; raw wool properties; resistance to compression; staple crimp; staple length; staple strength; vegetable ma	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548647421	The effect of coarse edge on wool spinning performance and yarn properties	Botha A.F., Hunter L.	2007	South African Journal of Science	103	42433	None	CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, P.O. Box 1124, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Department of Textile Science, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa	Botha, A.F., CSIR Materials Science and Manufacturing, P.O. Box 1124, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa; Hunter, L., Department of Textile Science, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa	The interrelationship of natural fibre, yarn and fabric properties is both important and complex, and has attracted considerable research. An area which has received little attention is that concerning the effect of fibre diameter distribution, notably of relatively coarse fibres, on processing behaviour and yarn and fabric properties, except for their well-known effect on handle and prickle (scratchiness). Prickle is an unpleasant sensation sometimes experienced with garments worn next to the skin. The effect of fibre diameter distribution, of coarse fibres (or coarse edge, CE) in particular, on spinning performance and yarn properties, was investigated for 400 different wools. Multiple regression analyses were carried out to quantify the relationships between all the main fibre properties, including CE, on the one hand, and the spinning performance and yarn properties on the other hand. We found that CE had no significant effect on spinning performance and yarn properties, except for yarn neps and yarn hairiness. These findings are important for sheep breeding practices as well as for selecting the most appropriate wools when yarn of a specified quality is to be processed, because attention needs be paid only to fibre diameter, not to coarse edge.	None	regression analysis; research work; sheep; wool; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649673081	Developments at ISO/REMCO and its impact on the production and use of geological reference materials	Botha A.	2010	Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research	34	3	10.1111/j.1751-908X.2010.00088.x	National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA), Private Bag X34, Lynnwood Ridge 0040, South Africa	Botha, A., National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA), Private Bag X34, Lynnwood Ridge 0040, South Africa	During the past decade the work of ISO/REMCO, the International Organization for Standardization's Technical Committee on Reference Materials, was dedicated to achieving global harmonisation, and true involvement of the member countries. The first major accomplishment was the clarification of the terminology in the definitions for reference material and certified reference material, which were published as an amendment to ISO Guide 30in 2008. The next milestone was the recognition that ISO Guide 34 ('General requirements for the competence of reference material producers') be used in conjunction with ISO/IEC 17025 for the accreditation of reference material producers. The third edition of ISO Guide 34 published in November 2009, clarifies the acceptable procedures for the certification of reference materials. This paper will discuss the role of ISO/REMCO in formalising the procedures for the accreditation of reference material producers and the evolution of the terms reference material and certified reference material. The paper will conclude with a case study, where a primary method in a single laboratory - one of the recognised acceptable metrologically valid procedures according to ISO Guide 34 - was used for the certification of reference materials. The reference materials are South African Reference Material SARM 2 (Syenite), SARM 3 (Lujavrite) and SARM 4 (Norite) from the suite of six NIMROCs that were originally certified by the Council for Mineral Technology (MINTEK) in South Africa in the 1970s. © 2010 The Author. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research © 2010 International Association of Geoanalysts.	Accreditation; Guidance documents; ISO/REMCO; Metrologically valid procedures; Reference materials	Certified reference materials; Geological reference material; Guidance document; International organization for standardizations; ISO/IEC 17025; ISO/REMCO; Lujavrite; Member countries; Metrologically valid procedures; Reference material; Reference materials; South Africa; South African Reference Materials; Technical committees; Accreditation; International cooperation; Nepheline syenite; Materials	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649828034	Evaluation of greenhouse inoculation techniques used to screen for Sclerotinia stem rot resistance in soybeans	Botha C., McLaren N.W., Swart W.J.	2009	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	26	1	None	Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Botha, C., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; McLaren, N.W., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Swart, W.J., Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Numerous inoculation methods have been used to screen soybean germplasm for resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. This study was conducted to compare six inoculation methods viz. (i) spray mycelium, (ii) drop mycelium, (iii) cut stem, (iv) cotyledon inoculation, (v) straw inoculation and (vi) petiole. Four soybean cultivars were planted in 1-1 pots in the greenhouse and grown to V3 (third trifoliate) growth stage. Overseeded pots were thinned to four plants which were inoculated using the respective methods and covered for nine days with transparent plastic bags. Plants were arranged in a randomized block design with eight replicates. The number of infected plants was counted and leaf lesion development and degree of plant wilting were scored using a 0 to 5 rating scale. The spray mycelium method yielded the highest incidence of wilting although a significant cultivar x inoculation technique (P<0.05) was recorded, particularly where host tissues were damaged prior to inoculation. Results suggest that cultivar responses are affected by the degree and area of tissue damage associated with the respective inoculation methods.	Inoculation methods, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, screening	cultivar; disease resistance; fungal disease; germplasm; inoculation; plastic; seeding; soybean; stem; straw; wilting; Glycine max; Sclerotinia; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879072025	Evaluation of a school-based intervention programme for South African children of divorce	Botha C.J., Wild L.G.	2013	Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health	25	1	10.2989/17280583.2013.768528	Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Botha, C.J., Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Wild, L.G., Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Objective: Parental divorce affects approximately 30 000 South African children annually. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Children of Divorce Intervention Programme (CODIP) at two South African schools. CODIP is a preventively oriented group programme which was developed to foster resilience by helping children cope more effectively with possible academic, behavioural, and emotional problems brought about by their parents divorce. Method: Twenty-five 10- to 14-year-old boys from two primary schools were randomly assigned to 2 experimental groups and 1 delayed intervention control group. The experimental groups attended 12 one-hour weekly sessions; the control group received no intervention until after the study was completed. Children's understanding of divorce related events and social, emotional and behavioural adjustment was assessed one week before the intervention and three months thereafter using a battery of self-rated, teacher-rated and parent-rated questionnaires. Results: One-way ANOVAs indicated no statistically significant decline in children's self-reported problematic beliefs about divorce or total difficulties. However, teachers and parents ratings indicated that compared to the control group, the combined experimental groups showed significant improvement in their general behavioural, emotional and social adjustment after programme participation. Conclusions: The results suggest that South African children who experience parental divorce may benefit from participation in CODIP. © 2013 NISC Pty Ltd.	None	academic failure; adolescent; article; behavior disorder; child; child care; clinical article; clinical evaluation; controlled study; coping behavior; divorced parent; emotional disorder; health program; human; intervention study; male; primary school; questionnaire; rating scale; school child; school health service; self report; social aspect; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65949116588	Evaluating the impact of a Special Library and Information Service	Botha E., Erasmus R., Van Deventer M.	2009	Journal of Librarianship and Information Science	41	2	10.1177/0961000609102833	25 Annettehof Veld Street, Glen Marais 1619, South Africa	Botha, E., 25 Annettehof Veld Street, Glen Marais 1619, South Africa; Erasmus, R., 25 Annettehof Veld Street, Glen Marais 1619, South Africa; Van Deventer, M., 25 Annettehof Veld Street, Glen Marais 1619, South Africa	The mere fact that a library service is being used does not mean that the service makes a difference or has a positive impact on the user. This has significant implications for Special Library and Information Services (SL&IS) that have to constantly prove that they add value. Because of the difficulty of measuring impact effectively, the majority of libraries still appear to measure performance quantitatively (how many books do we have, how many are used etc.) instead of looking at the difference the service actually makes. This paper discusses specifically the impact an information service has on the ability of natural science researchers to perform their research effectively and efficiently. A focus group, short survey and 15 interviews were conducted with researchers that use SL&IS in their research at the South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) ĝ€" the largest research Council in Africa. The results showed that researchers felt that Library and Information Services have a positive impact on the research process. The two most important indicators of impact chosen by the researchers were firstly, time saved in information retrieval and delivery and secondly, higher success rate in research. In contrast with Poll's (2005) view, researchers felt that Library and Information Services do not necessarily impact on growing their skills and competencies or their attitude and behaviour as researchers. The relationship between the librarian and the researcher also came to light as very important in the research process. The study also identified further important indicators of impact which will serve as the foundation for a more in-depth research study.	Customer satisfaction; Evaluating impact; Impact on research output; Importance of librarian; Indicators of impact; Library and Information Services; Measurement of performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955914258	The impact of educational attainment on household poverty in South Africa [Die impak van opvoeding op huishoudelike armoede in Suid-Afrika]	Botha F.	2010	Acta Academica	42	4	None	Dept of Economics and Economic History, Rhodes University, P O Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	Botha, F., Dept of Economics and Economic History, Rhodes University, P O Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	This article investigates the relationship between the educational attainment of the household head and household poverty in South Africa. The results indicate a clear negative relationship between education and poverty. Households in which the head has a low level of education are more likely to be poor compared to a household where the head has a higher level of education. Literacy of the household head is also inversely related to household poverty. Rural and black households are the most vulnerable, with distinct differences between the province of residence. Despite large resource allocation towards education, educational outcomes have not improved. This raises questions concerning the lack of association between resource allocation and educational outcomes. © UV/UFS.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38349107054	Can GM sorghum impact Africa?	Botha G.M., Viljoen C.D.	2008	Trends in Biotechnology	26	2	10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.10.008	GMO Testing Facility, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Botha, G.M., GMO Testing Facility, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Viljoen, C.D., GMO Testing Facility, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	It is said that genetic modification (GM) of grain sorghum has the potential to alleviate hunger in Africa. To this end, millions of dollars have been committed to developing GM sorghum. Current developments in the genetic engineering of sorghum are similar to efforts to improve cassava and other traditional African crops, as well as rice in Asia. On closer analysis, GM sorghum is faced with the same limitations as 'Golden Rice' (GM rice) in the context of combating vitamin A deficiency (VAD) efficiently and sustainably. Thus, it is questionable whether the cost of developing GM sorghum can be justified when compared to the cost of investing in sustainable agricultural practice in Africa. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	None	Costs; Food products; Genetic engineering; Sustainable development; Africa; Genetic modification; Grain sorghum; Sustainable agricultural practice; Crops; vitamin; Africa; agriculture; article; DNA modification; genetic engineering; grain; priority journal; rice; sorghum; Africa; Food, Genetically Modified; Genetic Enhancement; Plants, Genetically Modified; Sorghum; Manihot esculenta; Sorghum bicolor bicolor	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885961613	Structural vascular disease in africans: Performance of ethnic-specific waist circumference cut points using logistic regression and neural network analyses: The SABPA study	Botha J., De Ridder J.H., Potgieter J.C., Steyn H.S., Malan L.	2013	Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes	121	9	10.1055/s-0033-1351289	Physical Activity Sport and Recreation (PhASRec), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; School for Psychosocial Behavioural Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Statistical Consultation Service, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Private Bag X6001, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa	Botha, J., Physical Activity Sport and Recreation (PhASRec), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; De Ridder, J.H., Physical Activity Sport and Recreation (PhASRec), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Potgieter, J.C., School for Psychosocial Behavioural Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Steyn, H.S., Statistical Consultation Service, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Malan, L., Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Private Bag X6001, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa	A recently proposed model for waist circumference cut points (RPWC), driven by increased blood pressure, was demonstrated in an African population. We therefore aimed to validate the RPWC by comparing the RPWC and the Joint Statement Consensus (JSC) models via Logistic Regression (LR) and Neural Networks (NN) analyses. Urban African gender groups (N=171) were stratified according to the JSC and RPWC cut point models. Ultrasound carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), blood pressure (BP) and fasting bloods (glucose, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides) were obtained in a well-controlled setting. The RPWC male model (LR ROC AUC: 0.71, NN ROC AUC: 0.71) was practically equal to the JSC model (LR ROC AUC: 0.71, NN ROC AUC: 0.69) to predict structural vascular disease. Similarly, the female RPWC model (LR ROC AUC: 0.84, NN ROC AUC: 0.82) and JSC model (LR ROC AUC: 0.82, NN ROC AUC: 0.81) equally predicted CIMT as surrogate marker for structural vascular disease. Odds ratios supported validity where prediction of CIMT revealed clinical significance, well over 1, for both the JSC and RPWC models in African males and females (OR 3.75-13.98). In conclusion, the proposed RPWC model was substantially validated utilizing linear and non-linear analyses. We therefore propose ethnic-specific WC cut points (African males, ≥90 cm; -females, ≥98 cm) to predict a surrogate marker for structural vascular disease. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.	anthropometry; central obesity; ethnicity; logistic regression; neural networks	gamma glutamyltransferase; glucose; high density lipoprotein; triacylglycerol; adult; Africa; aged; arterial wall thickness; article; artificial neural network; blood pressure measurement; body mass; cardiovascular risk; carotid artery; diastolic blood pressure; disease marker; energy expenditure; ethnicity; female; gamma glutamyl transferase blood level; glucose blood level; human; human tissue; logistic regression analysis; male; normal human; physical activity; priority journal; systolic blood pressure; triacylglycerol blood level; vascular disease; waist circumference; Adult; Africa; Aged; Biological Markers; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Lipoproteins, HDL; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Statistical; Neural Networks (Computer); Nonlinear Dynamics; Odds Ratio; Reproducibility of Results; ROC Curve; Sex Characteristics; Triglycerides; Urban Population; Vascular Diseases; Waist Circumference; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36348981041	Is 'something better than nothing'? The impacts of ten outreach nurseries on South African community stakeholders	Botha J., Witkowski E.T.F., Cock J.	2007	Forests Trees and Livelihoods	17	3	None	Restoration and Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Animal Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Sociology, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	Botha, J., Restoration and Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Animal Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Witkowski, E.T.F., Restoration and Conservation Biology Research Group, School of Animal Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Cock, J., Department of Sociology, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa	The impacts, both positive and negative, of small-scale outreach projects on local stakeholders are frequently under-estimated. The effects of ten South African outreach nurseries on the well-being of community participants are assessed in this collective case study. Income generation was a major objective in all projects, but few individuals derived financial returns. It took 5-8 years for three nurseries to generate regular incomes; the remainder were barely breaking even, or were running at a loss. Those who had started earning incomes gained self confidence and personal satisfaction, increased respect from others, and freedom of choice. Although increased knowledge and experience was valued, 35% of the participants felt that no benefits had been derived, and 41% believed that they bad not achieved any success. People lost not only material well-being, but also social capital and self esteem, with many experiencing varying degrees of depression. In several cases, conflicts spiralled or threatened to escalate into violence, threatening peoples' physical security. Before embarking on projects, organisations have a moral obligation to consider the potential impacts of projects on local stakeholders, and to assess project viability as well as their own willingness and ability to commit to the extensive time frames and resources that are inevitably required. © 2007 A B Academic Publishers.	Community-based conservation; Ex-situ conservation; Livelihoods; Poverty alleviation; Wildlife enterprises	collective action; income distribution; nursery ground; poverty alleviation; project assessment; social capital; stakeholder; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84871592463	The impact of voluntary exercise on relative telomere length in a rat model of developmental stress	Botha M., Grace L., Bugarith K., Russell V.A., Kidd M., Seedat S., Hemmings S.M.	2012	BMC Research Notes	5	None	10.1186/1756-0500-5-697	Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Statistical Consultation, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Botha, M., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Grace, L., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Bugarith, K., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Russell, V.A., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Kidd, M., Centre for Statistical Consultation, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Seedat, S., Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Hemmings, S.M., Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Background: Exposure to early adverse events can result in the development of later psychopathology, and is often associated with cognitive impairment. This may be due to accelerated cell aging, which can be catalogued by attritioned telomeres. Exercise enhances neurogenesis and has been proposed to buffer the effect of psychological stress on telomere length. This study aimed to investigate the impact of early developmental stress and voluntary exercise on telomere length in the ventral hippocampus (VH) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the rat. Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were categorised into four groups: maternally separated runners (MSR), maternally separated non-runners (MSnR), non-maternally separated runners (nMSR) and non-maternally separated non-runners (nMSnR). Behavioural analyses were conducted to assess anxiety-like behaviour and memory performance in the rats, after which relative telomere length was measured using qPCR. Results: Maternally separated (MS) rats exhibited no significant differences in either anxiety levels or memory performance on the elevated-plus maze and the open field compared to non-maternally separated rats at 49 days of age. Exercised rats displayed increased levels of anxiety on the day that they were removed from the cages with attached running wheels, as well as improved spatial learning and temporal recognition memory compared to non-exercised rats. Exploratory post-hoc analyses revealed that maternally separated non-exercised rats exhibited significantly longer telomere length in the VH compared to those who were not maternally separated; however, exercise appeared to cancel this effect since there was no difference in VH telomere length between maternally separated and non-maternally separated runners. Conclusions: The increased telomere length in the VH of maternally separated non-exercised rats may be indicative of reduced cellular proliferation, which could, in turn, indicate hippocampal dysfunction. This effect on telomere length was not observed in exercised rats, indicating that voluntary exercise may buffer against the progressive changes in telomere length caused by alterations in maternal care early in life. In future, larger sample sizes will be needed to validate results obtained in the present study and obtain a more accurate representation of the effect that psychological stress and voluntary exercise have on telomere length. © 2012 Botha et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Exercise; Relative telomere length; Stress	Animalia; Elagatis; Rattus; animal; animal behavior; article; cognition; disease model; exercise; genetics; hippocampus; male; maze test; memory; mental stress; metabolism; prefrontal cortex; psychological aspect; rat; real time polymerase chain reaction; running; separation anxiety; Sprague Dawley rat; telomere; telomere homeostasis; Animals; Anxiety, Separation; Behavior, Animal; Cognition; Disease Models, Animal; Hippocampus; Male; Maze Learning; Memory; Physical Exertion; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Running; Stress, Psychological; Telomere; Telomere Homeostasis; Volition	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898596877	The rise of assertive community interventions in South Africa: A randomized control trial assessing the impact of a modified assertive intervention on readmission rates; a three year follow-up	Botha U.A., Koen L., Galal U., Jordaan E., Niehaus D.J.H.	2014	BMC Psychiatry	14	1	10.1186/1471-244X-14-56	Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Medical Research Council, Bellville, South Africa; Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Botha, U.A., Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Koen, L., Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Galal, U., Medical Research Council, Bellville, South Africa, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Jordaan, E., Medical Research Council, Bellville, South Africa; Niehaus, D.J.H., Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa	Background: Many countries have over the last few years incorporated mental health assertive interventions in an attempt to address the repercussions of deinstitutionalization. Recent publications have failed to duplicate the positive outcomes reported initially which has cast doubt on the future of these interventions. We previously reported on 29 patients from a developing country who completed 12 months in an assertive intervention which was a modified version of the international assertive community treatment model. We demonstrated reduction in readmission rates as well as improvements in social functioning compared to patients from the control group. The obvious question was, however, if these outcomes could be sustained for longer periods of time. This study aims to determine if modified assertive interventions in an under-resourced setting can successfully maintain reductions in hospitalizations.Methods: Patients suffering from schizophrenia who met a modified version of Weidens' high frequency criteria were randomized into two groups. One group received a modified assertive intervention based on the international assertive community treatment model. The other group received standard care according to the model of service delivery in this region. Data was collected after 36 months, comparing readmissions and days spent in hospital.Results: The results demonstrated significant differences between the groups. Patients in the intervention group had significantly less readmissions (p = 0.007) and spent less days in hospital compared to the patients in the control group (p = 0.013).Conclusion: Modified assertive interventions may be successful in reducing readmissions and days spent in hospital in developing countries where standard care services are less comprehensive. These interventions can be tailored in such a way to meet service needs and still remain affordable and feasible within the context of an under-resourced setting. © 2014 Botha et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Assertive interventions; Days in hospital; Developing countries; Readmission rates	adult; article; assertiveness; clinical article; community; control group; controlled study; developing country; female; follow up; group therapy; health care delivery; hospital readmission; hospitalization; human; intervention study; male; mental health service; patient care; randomized controlled trial; schizophrenia; South Africa; adolescent; deinstitutionalization; hospital readmission; middle aged; schizophrenia; statistics and numerical data; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Community Mental Health Services; Deinstitutionalization; Developing Countries; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Readmission; Schizophrenia; South Africa; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896796367	The impact of a developmental movement programme on the performance of rural hearingimpaired children on the Griffiths Scales of Mental Development	Bothma J.-M.V.D.M., Dunn M., Kokot S.	2014	South African Journal of Psychology	44	1	10.1177/0081246313516254	North West University, PO Box 1088, Harrismith, 9880, South Africa; University of South Africa, South Africa	Bothma, J.-M.V.D.M., North West University, PO Box 1088, Harrismith, 9880, South Africa; Dunn, M., North West University, PO Box 1088, Harrismith, 9880, South Africa; Kokot, S., University of South Africa, South Africa	Being hearing impaired does not only affect a child's academic performance, but can also influence his or her overall development and ability to succeed academically. Neurodevelopmental movement programmes are generally not accepted as evidenced-based practice, and their effect on academic performance is often underrated. Movement, however, is regarded by many as being essential to learning, and there seems to be a positive interchange between the brain and the body. This article reports on research conducted on the impact of a neurodevelopmental movement programme on the development of 4- to 8-year-old hearing-impaired children. Children were selected from a special needs school in QwaQwa, a rural area in the Free State province of South Africa. Two groups of children (one an experimental and the other a comparison group) were used in this research, with both groups undergoing a pre-test and post-test phase using the Griffiths Mental Development Scales-Extended Revised. The experimental group was subjected to a 14-week neurodevelopmental movement programme. The comparison group underwent a placebo intervention. The results indicate that the children in the experimental group showed an improvement in some aspects of specific development following the intervention (locomotor functioning, performance-related abilities, and practical reasoning skills). General developmental age showed significant improvement in both the experimental group and the comparison group. This result may support the critique against movement programmes, where the placebo effect is offered as the reason for change in children participating in movement programmes. The results of this empirical investigation aid in understanding the impact of movement programmes on a hearing-impaired child's general development. © The Author(s) 2014.	Child development; Developmental movement programme; Griffiths Scales; Hearing impaired; Movement	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82755166949	Evaluation of cowpea germplasm lines for protein and mineral concentrations in grains	Boukar O., Massawe F., Muranaka S., Franco J., Maziya-Dixon B., Singh B., Fatokun C.	2011	Plant Genetic Resources: Characterisation and Utilisation	9	4	10.1017/S1479262111000815	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Boukar, O., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Massawe, F., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Muranaka, S., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Franco, J., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Maziya-Dixon, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Singh, B., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Fatokun, C., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria	Cowpea, an indigenous crop to sub-Saharan Africa, is found mainly in the dry savanna regions along with cereals such as millets and sorghum. Cowpea is grown primarily for human consumption of the grains, which are rich in protein, carbohydrates and contain some minerals. The development and deployment of cowpea varieties with higher nutritional value will be of immense benefit to consumers. As a first step in the enhancement of mineral content in cowpea grains, several germplasm lines (1541) of different origins and obtained from the genetic resources unit at IITA were sown in the experimental field in Minjibir, Kano State, Nigeria. The grains were analysed for protein and nine mineral contents. However, in this study, we shall report data on crude protein, Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, K and P. The data generated from the chemical analysis were subjected to the 'mixture of normal distributions' clustering method, which distributed the cowpea lines into nine groups. Groups G7 and G9 contained 174 genotypes and these were characterized by high mineral concentrations. The mean nutritional content values for group G9 were 24.7% for protein, and 58.9, 41.5, 1107, 2132, 15,282 and 5664 mg/kg for Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, K and P, respectively. On the other hand, the 363 lines making up groups G2, G3 and G6 showed low amounts of nutrients in their grains. Some of the lines in G7 and G9 would be good as parents to use in breeding programmes that aimed at developing nutrient-dense cowpea varieties. © Copyright NIAB 2011.	cowpea; diversity; mineral composition; nutritional value; Vigna unguiculata	None	None
WoS	WOS:000270674600019	Monitoring the South African National Antiretroviral Treatment Programme, 2003-2007: The IeDEA Southern Africa collaboration	AIDS So Africa leDEA-SA Collaborat,Boulle, Andrew,Cornell, Morna,Davies, Mary-Ann,Eley, Brian,Fairall, Lara,Giddy, Janet,MacPhail, Patrick,Maxwell, Nicola,Mohapi, Lerato,Moultrie, Harry,Prozesky, Hans,Rabie, Helena,Technau, Karl,van Cutsem, Gilles,Wood, R	2009	SAMJ SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL	99	9	None	Stellenbosch University, University of Cape Town, University of Witwatersrand, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hosp, McCord Hosp, Med Sans Frontieres, Themba Lethu Clin	"Boulle, Andrew: University of Cape Town","Davies, Mary-Ann: University of Cape Town","Fairall, Lara: University of Cape Town","Maxwell, Nicola: University of Cape Town","Mohapi, Lerato: University of Witwatersrand","Prozesky, Hans: Stellenbosch University","Rabie, Helena: Stellenbosch University","Wood, Robin: University of Cape Town",	Objectives. To introduce the combined South African cohorts of the International epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS Southern Africa (IeDEA-SA) collaboration as reflecting the South African national antiretroviral treatment (ART) programme; to characterise patients accessing these services; and to describe changes in services and patients from 2003 to 2007. Design and setting. Multi-cohort study of 11 ART programmes in Gauteng, Western Cape, Free State and KwaZulu-Natal. Subjects. Adults and children (&lt; 16 years old) who initiated ART with &gt;= 3 antiretroviral drugs before 2008. Results. Most sites were offering free treatment to adults and children in the public sector, ranging from 264 to 17 835 patients per site. Among 45 383 adults and 6 198 children combined, median age (interquartile range) was 35.0 years (29.8 - 41.4) and 42.5 months (14.7 - 82.5), respectively. Of adults, 68% were female. The median CD4 cell count was 102 cells/mu l (44 - 164) and was lower among mates than females (86,34 - 150 v. 110, 50 - 1,69, p &lt; 0.001). Median CD4% among children was 12% (7 - 17.7). Between 2003 and 2007, enrolment increased 11-fold in adults and 3-fold in children. Median CD4 count at enrolment increased for all adults (67 - 111 cells/mu l, p &lt; 0.001) and for those in stage IV (39 - 89 cells/mu l, p &lt; 0.001). Among children &lt; 5 years, baseline CD4% increased over time (11.5 - 16.0%, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions. IeDEA-SA provides a unique opportunity to report on the national ART programme. The study describes dramatically increased enrolment over time. Late diagnosis and ART initiation, especially of men and children, need attention. Investment in sentinel sites will ensure good individual-level data while freeing most sites to continue with simplified reporting.	,ADULTS,EFAVIRENZ,MORTALITY,OUTCOMES,THERAPY	None	None
WoS	WOS:000208947200017	A Qualitative Evaluation of Exposure to and Perceptions of the Woolworths Healthy Tuck Shop Guide in Cape Town, South Africa	Bourne, Lesley,Draper, Catherine Elizabeth,Marraccini, Toni,Meltzer, Shelly	2012	CHILDHOOD OBESITY	8	4	10.1089/chi.2012.0034	South African Medical Research Council, University of Cape Town, Sports Sci Inst South Africa	"Bourne, Lesley: South African Medical Research Council","Draper, Catherine Elizabeth: University of Cape Town","Marraccini, Toni: University of Cape Town",	Background: Both under-and over-nutrition pose a public health concern, especially for children in South Africa. Several initiatives exist in South Africa directed at promoting healthy eating and nutrition at schools. One of them is the Woolworths Making the Difference (MTD) Programme aimed at eliminating barriers to promoting healthy lifestyles that exist at schools, such as the availability of low-cost, unhealthy foods either from tuck shops (small food shops) or street vendors. The Healthy Tuck Shop Guide is a recent addition to the MTD Programme. The aim of this evaluation was to assess awareness, potential uptake, and perceptions of the Woolworths Healthy Tuck Shop Guide among parents and staff in a sample of schools that were exposed to the guide. Methods: A qualitative study consisting of focus groups, interviews, and tuck shop observation was used to gather information on 13 schools and their exposure, comprehension, and use of the guide. A mix of schools was examined in terms of economic status and level of control over their tuck shop. Thematic analysis was used to extract findings. Results: Findings show that despite overall positive attitudes about the guide several barriers to its implementation exist, including children's preferences for unhealthy foods, the higher cost of healthy foods, and other issues related to a lack of facilities, time and manpower. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the Woolworths Healthy Tuck Shop Guide would contribute more meaningfully to the creation of healthier food environments if executed within a larger support network to address barriers to implementation.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885866082	Halogenated pollutants in terrestrial and aquatic bird eggs: Converging patterns of pollutant profiles, and impacts and risks from high levels	Bouwman H., Viljoen I.M., Quinn L.P., Polder A.	2013	Environmental Research	126	None	10.1016/j.envres.2013.06.003	Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; National Metrology Institute of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; The Norwegian School of Veterinary Sciences, Oslo, Norway	Bouwman, H., Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Viljoen, I.M., Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Quinn, L.P., Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, National Metrology Institute of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Polder, A., The Norwegian School of Veterinary Sciences, Oslo, Norway	We investigated the presence, levels, relationships, and risks of HCHs, DDTs, chlordanes, mirex, PCBs, and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in terrestrial and aquatic bird eggs from an area in South Africa where DDT is used for malaria control. We found one of the highest σDDT levels reported this century; 13. 000. ng/g. wm (wet mass) in Grey Heron eggs which exceeds critical levels for reproductive success (3000. ng/g. wm) calculated for Brown Pelicans, with a no-effect level estimated at 500. ng/g. wm. Even higher σDDT levels at 16. 000. ng/g. wm were found in House Sparrow eggs (possibly the highest ever recorded for sparrows), with a maximum of 24. 400. ng/g. wm. Significant eggshell thinning in Cattle Egrets (33% between thickest and thinnest) was associated with increased levels of p,. p'-DDT and p,. p'-DDE. There were indications of unknown use of DDT and lindane. Relative to DDT, PCBs and BFRs levels were quite low. Ordinated data showed that different terrestrial pollutant profiles converged to a homogenised aquatic profile. Converging profiles, high levels of DDT in heron and sparrow eggs, and thinning eggs shells, indicate risk and impacts at release, in the aquatic environment, and in between. If characteristic life-strategies of birds in warm areas (e.g. longer-lived and fewer eggs per clutch) increases the risk compared with similar birds living in colder regions when both experience the same environmental pollutant levels, then malaria control using DDT probably has more significant impacts on biota than previously realised. Therefore, risk assessment and modelling without hard data may miss crucial impacts and risks, as the chemical use patterns and ecologies in Africa and elsewhere may differ from the conditions and assumptions of existing risk assessment and modelling parameters. Consideration of other findings associated with DDT from the same area (intersex in fish and urogental birth defects in baby boys), together with the findings of this study (high levels of DDT in bird eggs, eggshell thinning in the Cattle Egrets, and the apparent absence of breeding piscivore birds in the sprayed area) are strongly suggestive of negative impacts from DDT spraying for Malaria control. Our data presents strong arguments for an expedited process of replacing DDT with sustainable methods. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	Bird eggs; DDT; Eggshell thinning; Indoor residual spraying; Malaria control; South Africa	bromine derivative; chlorphenotane; flame retardant; lindane; mirex; polychlorinated biphenyl derivative; aquatic environment; biota; bird; breeding; data set; DDT; eggshell; HCH; malaria; piscivore; pollutant; reproductive success; risk assessment; air pollutant; aquatic environment; aquatic species; article; birth defect; breeding; egg; egg shell; halogenation; malaria control; nonhuman; Passer domesticus; priority journal; reproductive success; risk assessment; soil pollutant; South Africa; terrestrial species; South Africa; Ardea cinerea; Aves; Bubulcus; Passer domesticus; Passeridae; Pelecanus occidentalis; Bird eggs; DDT; Eggshell thinning; Indoor residual spraying; Malaria control; South Africa; Animals; Birds; Environmental Pollutants; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; Multivariate Analysis; Ovum; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904786285	Effect of cutting edge preparation of coated tools on their performance in milling various materials	Bouzakis K.D., Bouzakis E., Kombogiannis S., Makrimallakis S., Skordaris G., Michailidis N., Charalampous P., Paraskevopoulou R., M'Saoubi R., Aurich J.C., Barthelmä F., Biermann D., Denkena B., Dimitrov D., Engin S., Karpuschewski B., Klocke F., Özel T.,	2014	CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology	7	3	10.1016/j.cirpj.2014.05.003	Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece; Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; R and D Materials and Technology Development, Seco Tools AB, Fagersta, Sweden; Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany; GFE - Gesellschaft für Fertigungstechnik und Entwicklung Schmalkalden e.V., Schmalkalden, Germany; Institute of Machining Technology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany; Institute of Production Engineering and Machine Tools, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Rapid Product Development Laboratory, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Pratt and Whitney Canada Corp., Longueuil, QC, Canada; Institute of Manufacturing Technology and Quality Management, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Arts et Metiers ParisTech, LaBoMaP, Cluny, France; Laboratory for Tribology and Systems Dynamics, ENISE, Saint-Etienne, France; Wbk Institute of Production Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Department of Management and Production Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy; TechSolve, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, United States; Inspire AG, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Research Centre for Manufacturing Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic	Bouzakis, K.D., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; Bouzakis, E., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; Kombogiannis, S., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; Makrimallakis, S., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; Skordaris, G., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; Michailidis, N., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; Charalampous, P., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany; Paraskevopoulou, R., Laboratory for Machine Tools and Manufacturing Engineering, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; M'Saoubi, R., R and D Materials and Technology Development, Seco Tools AB, Fagersta, Sweden; Aurich, J.C., Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Production Systems, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany; Barthelmä, F., GFE - Gesellschaft für Fertigungstechnik und Entwicklung Schmalkalden e.V., Schmalkalden, Germany; Biermann, D., Institute of Machining Technology, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany; Denkena, B., Institute of Production Engineering and Machine Tools, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Dimitrov, D., Rapid Product Development Laboratory, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Engin, S., Pratt and Whitney Canada Corp., Longueuil, QC, Canada; Karpuschewski, B., Institute of Manufacturing Technology and Quality Management, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Klocke, F., Fraunhofer Project Center Coatings in Manufacturing, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany, Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering (WZL), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Özel, T., Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States; Poulachon, G., Arts et Metiers ParisTech, LaBoMaP, Cluny, France; Rech, J., Laboratory for Tribology and Systems Dynamics, ENISE, Saint-Etienne, France; Schulze, V., Wbk Institute of Production Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Settineri, L., Department of Management and Production Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy; Srivastava, A., TechSolve, Inc., Cincinnati, OH, United States; Wegener, K., Inspire AG, Zurich, Switzerland; Uhlmann, E., Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Zeman, P., Research Centre for Manufacturing Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic	The cutting edges of coated tools are commonly treated in separate production steps during tool manufacturing. Various methods can be employed, focusing on the cutting edge strengthening by its rounding or by more complicated geometries including chamfer and optimized tool wedge radius and angles. The efficiency of diverse cutting edge preparations on the wear behaviour of coated tools, in milling different materials, was investigated in the framework of a cooperative project of the Scientific Committee "Cutting" of the International Academy for Production Engineering (CIRP). In this activity twenty academic and industrial partners were involved according to a predefined project plan. © 2014 CIRP.	Coatings; Cutting; Cutting edge preparation	Coated materials; Coatings; Cutting; Milling (machining); Coated tools; Complicated geometry; Cutting Edge Preparation; Cutting edges; Industrial partners; Project plans; Tool manufacturing; Wear behaviours; Cutting tools	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923551169	Toward an analytical framework for understanding complex socialecological systems when conducting environmental impact assessments in South Africa	Bowd R., Quinn N.W., Kotze D.C.	2015	Ecology and Society	20	1	10.5751/ES-07057-200141	School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of the West of England, United Kingdom	Bowd, R., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Quinn, N.W., Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of the West of England, United Kingdom; Kotze, D.C., School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Consideration of biophysical impacts has historically dominated environmental impact assessment (EIA) practice. Despite the emergence of social impact assessment, the consideration of socioeconomic impacts in EIA is variable, as is the extent of their integration in EIA findings. There is growing recognition for the need to move EIA practice toward sustainability assessment, characterized by comprehensiveness, i.e., scope of impacts, integration, i.e., of biophysical and socioeconomic impacts, and a greater strategic focus. This is particularly the case in developing regions and in countries like South Africa, which have statutory requirements for the full consideration of socioeconomic impacts in EIA. We suggest that EIA practice could benefit from incorporating evolving theory around social-ecological systems (SES) as an effective way of moving toward sustainability assessment. As far as we are aware, our study constitutes the first attempt to apply and formalize SES constructs to EIA practice within a regulated procedure. Our framework goes beyond conventional scoping approaches reliant on checklists and matrices by requiring the EIA practitioner to cocreate a conceptual model of the current and future social-ecological system with the implicated communities. This means social and biophysical impacts are assessed integratively, and that communities participate meaningfully in the EIA process, thereby helping address two of the most common shortfalls of EIA practice. The framework was applied in two case studies, establishment of communitybased accommodation linked to existing tourism infrastructure (Eastern Cape, South Africa), and a proposed wine estate (KwaZulu- Natal, South Africa). The framework revealed impacts, which would not be considered in a biophysically-oriented EIA, and helped identify development synergies and institutional and governance needs that are equally likely to have been overlooked. We suggest the framework has value as a counterpoint to established approaches and could contribute to improving the quality of EIAs with respect to the complex SESs that characterize the developing world. © 2015 by the author(s).	Ecosystem services; Environmental impact assessment (EIA); Framework; Participation; Social-ecological system (SES); Sustainability assessment	analytical framework; developing world; ecosystem service; environmental impact assessment; participatory approach; sustainability; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-72849126411	A qualitative study of the multiple impacts of external workplace violence in two Western Cape communities	Bowman B., Crafford A., Bhamjee F., Eagle G.	2009	South African Journal of Psychology	39	3	None	Department of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Programme in Industrial Psychology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Bowman, B., Department of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Crafford, A., Programme in Industrial Psychology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Bhamjee, F., Department of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Eagle, G., Programme in Industrial Psychology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	We explore the individual, organisational, familial, and community impacts of external workplace violence in a South African telecommunications company, as perceived and experienced by victims of such violence and the members of management mandated to manage and prevent it. Exposure to violence while working dramatically and directly affected the lives of the individual victims. Moreover, its impacts were felt across and within the organisational, familial, and community settings in which these individuals are located daily. The use of conventional crisis management strategies that are traditionally directed at addressing the individual impacts of trauma through specialised psychological interventions were perceived to be ineffective by all of the research participants. Our findings therefore call into question current understandings of the psychologist's role in managing violence in the workplace. Accordingly, ways of re-conceptualising the role and requisite skill set of psychologists working with or in organisations, where violence while working is an everyday reality, are suggested. © Psychological Society of South Africa. All rights reserved.	Psychologist in the workplace; Trauma; Violence; Work; Workplace violence	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922424155	The relationship between mycobacterium tuberculosis mgit time to positivity and cfu in sputum samples demonstrates changing bacterial phenotypes potentially reflecting the impact of chemotherapy on critical sub-populations	Bowness R., Boeree M.J., Aarnoutse R., Dawson R., Diacon A., Mangu C., Heinrich N., Ntinginya N.E., Kohlenberg A., Mtafya B., Phillips P.P.J., Rachow A., Plemper van balen G., Gillespie S.H.	2015	Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy	70	2	10.1093/jac/dku415	School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom; Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; NIMR-Mbeya Medical Research Centre, PO Box 2410, Mbeya, Tanzania; Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Munich, Germany; Medical Research Council (MRC), Clinical Trials Unit, at UCL, London, United Kingdom	Bowness, R., School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom; Boeree, M.J., Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Aarnoutse, R., Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Dawson, R., Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa; Diacon, A., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Mangu, C., NIMR-Mbeya Medical Research Centre, PO Box 2410, Mbeya, Tanzania; Heinrich, N., Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany, DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Munich, Germany; Ntinginya, N.E., NIMR-Mbeya Medical Research Centre, PO Box 2410, Mbeya, Tanzania; Kohlenberg, A., NIMR-Mbeya Medical Research Centre, PO Box 2410, Mbeya, Tanzania, Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Mtafya, B., NIMR-Mbeya Medical Research Centre, PO Box 2410, Mbeya, Tanzania; Phillips, P.P.J., Medical Research Council (MRC), Clinical Trials Unit, at UCL, London, United Kingdom; Rachow, A., Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany, DZIF German Centre for Infection Research, Munich, Germany; Plemper van balen, G., Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Gillespie, S.H., School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom	Objectives: The relationship between cfu and Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) time to positivity (TTP) is uncertain. We attempted to understand this relationship and create a mathematical model to relate these two methods of determining mycobacterial load. Methods: Sequential bacteriological load data from clinical trials determined by MGIT and cfu were collected and mathematical models derived. All model fittings were conducted in the R statistical software environment (version 3.0.2), using the lm and nls functions. Results: TTP showed a negative correlation with log10 cfu on all 14 days of the study. There was an increasing gradient of the regression line and y-intercept as treatment progressed. There was also a trend towards an increasing gradient with higher doses of rifampicin. Conclusions: These data suggest that there is a population of mycobacterial cells that are more numerous when detected in liquid than on solid medium. Increasing doses of rifampicin differentially kill this group of organisms. These findings support the idea that increased doses of rifampicin are more effective. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.	M. tuberculosis; TB; TTP	ethambutol; isoniazid; pyrazinamide; rifampicin; tuberculostatic agent; add on therapy; antibiotic therapy; Article; bacterial cell; bacterial load; bacterium culture; colony forming unit; culture medium; data analysis software; drug dose increase; drug efficacy; growth chamber; human; mathematical model; monotherapy; mycobacterial growth indicator tube; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; phenotype; phenotypic variation; randomized controlled trial (topic); sputum; time; time to positivity; trend study; tube; tuberculosis; adolescent; adult; aged; biological model; drug effects; female; information processing; isolation and purification; male; microbiology; middle aged; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; phenotype; physiology; statistical model; tuberculosis; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antitubercular Agents; Bacterial Load; Datasets as Topic; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Models, Statistical; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Phenotype; Sputum; Tuberculosis; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84934959080	Impact of rapid diagnostic tests for the diagnosis and treatment of malaria at a peripheral health facility in Western Uganda: An interrupted time series analysis	Boyce R.M., Muiru A., Reyes R., Ntaro M., Mulogo E., Matte M., Siedner M.J.	2015	Malaria Journal	14	1	10.1186/s12936-015-0725-0	Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, United States; Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street #1540, Boston, United States; Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda	Boyce, R.M., Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, United States; Muiru, A., Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, United States, Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street #1540, Boston, United States; Reyes, R., Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, United States; Ntaro, M., Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda; Mulogo, E., Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda; Matte, M., Department of Community Health, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda; Siedner, M.J., Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, United States, Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street #1540, Boston, United States	Background: The World Health Organization recommends that all suspected malaria cases receive a parasitological diagnosis prior to treatment with artemisinin-based combination therapy. A recent meta-analysis of clinical trials evaluating RDTs for the management of patients with fever found substantial reductions in anti-malarial prescriptions when health workers adhered to treatment protocols based on test results. However few studies have reported on the impact of RDTs on health systems outside research settings. Methods: The study comprised a retrospective interrupted time series analysis, comparing rates of malaria diagnosis, treatment, and resource utilization before and after introduction of RDTs at a peripheral health facility in rural Western Uganda. The use of malaria diagnostic tests was graphically depicted throughout the study period and fit regression models to identify correlates of three outcomes of interest: (1) length of stay (2) the proportion of patients referred to a higher-level health facility, and (3) administration of antibiotics. Results: Over the course of the study period, 14,357 individuals underwent diagnostic testing for malaria with either a RDT (9,807) or microscopy (4,550). The proportion of patients with parasite-based diagnoses more than tripled to 34 % after the introduction of RDTs. RDTs largely replaced microscopy as the diagnostic method of choice. Compared to patients admitted during the pre-RDT period, patients admitted to the health centre with malaria in the post-RDT period had significantly reduced odds of being referred to another health centre (AOR∈=∈0.49, P∈=∈0.038), receiving antibiotics (AOR∈=∈0.42, P∈<∈0.001), and a significantly shorter mean length of stay (β∈=∈-0.32 days, 95 %CI -0.52 to -0.13). Conclusions: This study is one of the few to demonstrate significant improvement in clinical outcomes and process measures following the introduction of RDTs for the diagnosis of malaria at a rural health facility in Uganda. The results show a reduction in referrals and shorter mean inpatient LOS even as antibiotics were prescribed less frequently. This change greatly increased laboratory throughput and the resultant proportion of patients receiving a parasite-based diagnosis. © 2015 Boyce et.al; licensee BioMed Central.	Antibiotics; Case management; Malaria; Outcomes; Rapid diagnostic tests	antibiotic agent; adult; Article; blood smear; child; comorbidity; diagnostic test; diarrhea; female; gastroenteritis; health care facility; hospital admission; hospital discharge; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; length of stay; major clinical study; malaria; male; microscopy; patient referral; pneumonia; rapid test; respiratory tract infection; retrospective study; rural health care; time series analysis; Uganda	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880254078	Impact of sociodemographic factors on cognitive function in school-aged HIV-infected Nigerian children	Boyede G.O., Lesi F.E.A., Ezeaka V.C., Umeh C.S.	2013	HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care	5	None	10.2147/HIV.S43260	Division of Developmental Paediatrics, School of Child and Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics, Lagos, Nigeria; Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria	Boyede, G.O., Division of Developmental Paediatrics, School of Child and Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Paediatrics, Lagos, Nigeria; Lesi, F.E.A., Department of Paediatrics, Lagos, Nigeria; Ezeaka, V.C., Department of Paediatrics, Lagos, Nigeria; Umeh, C.S., Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria	Background: In this study, we sought to evaluate the influence of sociodemographic factors, ie, age, sex, socioeconomic status, maternal education, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, on cognitive performance in school-aged HIV-infected Nigerian children. Methods: Sixty-nine HIV-positive children aged 6-15 years were matched with 69 HIV-negative control children for age and sex. The children were subdivided for the purpose of analysis into two cognitive developmental stages using Piaget's staging, ie, the concrete operational stage (6-11 years) and the formal operational stage (12-15 years). All participants underwent cognitive assessment using Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (RPM). Sociodemographic data for the study participants, ie, age, sex, socioeconomic status, and level of maternal education, were obtained using a study proforma. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations of HIV status and sociodemographic characteristics with RPM cognitive scores. Results: The overall mean RPM score for the HIV-positive children was 18.2 ± 9.8 (range 8.0-47.0) which was significantly lower than the score of 27.2 ± 13.8 (range 8.0-52.0) for the HIV-negative children (P<0.001). On RPM grading, 56.5% of the HIV-positive children had cognitive performance at below average to intellectually defective range. Below average RPM scores were found to be significantly associated with younger age (6-11 years), positive HIV status, lower socioeconomic status, and low level of maternal education. Conclusion: Younger age, poor socioeconomic status, and low level of maternal education were factors apart from HIV infection that were significantly associated with low cognitive function in school-aged HIV-infected Nigerian children. © 2013 Boyede et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.	Cognitive assessment; Nigeria; Pediatric human immunodeficiency virus; Raven's progressive matrices; School-aged children	adolescent; age; article; child; cognition; controlled study; demography; developmental stage; disease association; educational status; female; gender; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; male; mother; named inventories, questionnaires and rating scales; Nigeria; preschool child; Raven Standard Progressive Matrices; school child; social aspect; social status; task performance	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867066550	Performance of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale in a sample of children and adolescents from poor urban communities in Cape Town	Boyes M.E., Cluver L.D.	2013	European Journal of Psychological Assessment	29	2	10.1027/1015-5759/a000134	Centre for Evidence-Based Intervention, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Wolfson College, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom	Boyes, M.E., Centre for Evidence-Based Intervention, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, United Kingdom, Wolfson College, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom; Cluver, L.D., Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa	The Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) is regularly used with South African children, although its performance in this context has yet to be empirically evaluated. This study assessed the basic psychometric properties of the RCMAS using data collected in a large study examining the mental health of children and adolescents living in poor urban communities around Cape Town. Reliability of the full-scale was good, and the predicted relationships between anxiety, depression, PTSD, delinquency, age, sex, and somaticism scores offered evidence of construct validity. However, the reliabilities for the physiological, worry/oversensitivity, and concentration subscales were low, and confirmatory factor analysis revealed the hypothesized three-factor model did not adequately fit the data. Exploratory analyses suggested a four-factor solution consisting of social evaluation, worry, affective responses, and physiological symptoms/sleep disturbance factors. Further confirmatory research examining this four-factor structure is needed. Given the continued use of the RCMAS in South Africa, these findings provide an important first step in establishing its reliability and validity for use with South African youth; however, scores obtained on the three subscales should be interpreted with caution and further detailed psychometric evaluation of the RCMAS in South African samples is clearly required. © 2012 Hogrefe Publishing.	Adolescents; Anxiety; Measurement; Psychometric; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952918622	The evaluation of novel camphor-derived ligands as catalysts in the asymmetric Henry reaction	Boyle G.A., Govender T., Kruger H.G., Maguire G.E.M.	2009	South African Journal of Chemistry	62	None	None	School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa	Boyle, G.A., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Govender, T., School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Kruger, H.G., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Maguire, G.E.M., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa	The evaluation of a series of camphor-derived ligands as catalysts in the asymmetric Henry reaction is reported. The synthesis of two novel derivatives is detailed and these molecules are also screened as catalysts in this reaction. The single crystal X-ray structure of one of the novel compounds is reported. The reaction is catalyzed with moderate to excellent yields and moderate enantioselectivity.	Asymmetric catalysis; Camphor; Chiral ligands; Henry reaction	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952902452	The evaluation of novel camphor-derived pyridyl ligands as catalysts in the asymmetric diels-alder reaction of cyclopentadiene with 3-acryloyl-2- oxazolidinone	Boyle G.A., Govender T., Kruger H.G., Naicker T., Maguire G.E.M.	2009	South African Journal of Chemistry	62	None	None	School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa	Boyle, G.A., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Govender, T., School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Kruger, H.G., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Naicker, T., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Maguire, G.E.M., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa	A series of camphor-derived pyridyl ligands were evaluated in the Diels-Alder reaction of 3-acryloyl-2-oxazolidinone 1 with cyclopentadiene 2. High yields with good endo:exo selectivity, but only moderate enantioselectivities (43 % ee), were obtained. The structures of the copper (II) complexes of the ligands were calculated usingONIOMdensity functional theory and the results suggest that chiral induction to the alkene functional group is indeed lacking. This explains the moderate experimental selectivities obtained.	Asymmetric catalysis; Camphor ligands; Computational modelling; Diels-Alder cycloaddition	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858059504	Predicting how adaptation to climate change could affect ecological conservation: Secondary impacts of shifting agricultural suitability	Bradley B.A., Estes L.D., Hole D.G., Holness S., Oppenheimer M., Turner W.R., Beukes H., Schulze R.E., Tadross M.A., Wilcove D.S.	2012	Diversity and Distributions	18	5	10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00875.x	Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Science and Knowledge Division, Conservation International, Arlington, VA 22202, United States; Park Planning and Development Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Humewood 6013, South Africa; Center for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6013, South Africa; Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Agricultural Research Council, Stellenbosch 2599, South Africa; School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; Climate Systems Analysis Group, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States	Bradley, B.A., Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Estes, L.D., Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Hole, D.G., Science and Knowledge Division, Conservation International, Arlington, VA 22202, United States; Holness, S., Park Planning and Development Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Humewood 6013, South Africa, Center for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6013, South Africa; Oppenheimer, M., Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States, Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States; Turner, W.R., Science and Knowledge Division, Conservation International, Arlington, VA 22202, United States; Beukes, H., Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Agricultural Research Council, Stellenbosch 2599, South Africa; Schulze, R.E., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; Tadross, M.A., Climate Systems Analysis Group, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Wilcove, D.S., Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States	Aim: Ecosystems face numerous well-documented threats from climate change. The well-being of people also is threatened by climate change, most prominently by reduced food security. Human adaptation to food scarcity, including shifting agricultural zones, will create new threats for natural ecosystems. We investigated how shifts in crop suitability because of climate change may overlap currently protected areas (PAs) and priority sites for PA expansion in South Africa. Predicting the locations of suitable climate conditions for crop growth will assist conservationists and decision-makers in planning for climate change. Location: South Africa. Methods: We modelled climatic suitability in 2055 for maize and wheat cultivation, two extensively planted, staple crops, and overlaid projected changes with PAs and PA expansion priorities. Results: Changes in winter climate could make an additional 2millionha of land suitable for wheat cultivation, while changes in summer climate could expand maize suitability by up to 3.5millionha. Conversely, 3millionha of lands currently suitable for wheat production are predicted to become climatically unsuitable, along with 13millionha for maize. At least 328 of 834 (39%) PAs are projected to be affected by altered wheat or maize suitability in their buffer zones. Main conclusions: Reduced crop suitability and food scarcity in subsistence areas may lead to the exploitation of PAs for food and fuel. However, if reduced crop suitability leads to agricultural abandonment, this may afford opportunities for ecological restoration. Expanded crop suitability in PA buffer zones could lead to additional isolation of PAs if portions of newly suitable land are converted to agriculture. These results suggest that altered crop suitability will be widespread throughout South Africa, including within and around lands identified as conservation priorities. Assessing how climate change will affect crop suitability near PAs is a first step towards proactively identifying potential conflicts between human adaptation and conservation planning. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Adaptation; Climate change; Crop suitability; Indirect impacts; Maize; South Africa; Species distribution modelling; Wheat	abandoned land; adaptive management; buffer zone; climate change; conservation planning; crop production; decision making; environmental restoration; food security; land use change; maize; nature-society relations; prioritization; protected area; shifting cultivation; subsistence agriculture; wheat; South Africa; Triticum aestivum; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84935015721	Outdoor biting by Anopheles mosquitoes on Bioko Island does not currently impact on malaria control	Bradley J., Lines J., Fuseini G., Schwabe C., Monti F., Slotman M., Vargas D., Garcia G., Hergott D., Kleinschmidt I.	2015	Malaria Journal	14	1	10.1186/s12936-015-0679-2	MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene, Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene, Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Medical Care Development International, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea; Medical Care Development International, Silver Spring, MD, United States; Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, United States; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Bradley, J., MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene, Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Lines, J., Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene, Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Fuseini, G., Medical Care Development International, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea; Schwabe, C., Medical Care Development International, Silver Spring, MD, United States; Monti, F., Medical Care Development International, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea; Slotman, M., Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, United States; Vargas, D., Medical Care Development International, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea; Garcia, G., Medical Care Development International, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea; Hergott, D., Medical Care Development International, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea; Kleinschmidt, I., MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene, Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background: There have been many recent reports that the rate of outdoor biting by malaria vectors has increased. This study examined the impact this might have on malaria transmission by assessing the association between exposure to outdoor bites and malaria infection on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Methods: Responses to questions about time spent outside the previous night from a malaria indicator survey were combined with human landing catch measurements of hourly rates of outdoor and indoor biting for the whole island to estimate the number of outdoor and indoor bites received by each survey respondent. The association between RDT measured malaria infection status of individuals and outdoor bites received was investigated. Results: The average number of bites received per person per night was estimated as 3.51 in total, of which 0.69 (19.7%) would occur outdoors. Malaria infection was not significantly higher in individuals who reported spending time outside between 7 pm and 6 am the previous night compared to those not spending time outside in both adults (18.9% vs 17.4%, p∈=∈0.20) and children (29.2% vs 27.1%, p∈=∈0.20). Malaria infection in neither adults (p∈=∈0.56) nor in children (p∈=∈0.12) was associated with exposure to outdoor bites, even after adjusting for confounders. Conclusions: Malaria vector mosquitoes in Bioko do bite humans outdoors, and this has the potential to reduce the effectiveness of vector control. However, outdoor biting is currently not a major factor influencing the malaria burden, mainly because more than 95% of the population are indoors during the middle of the night, which is the peak biting period for malaria vector mosquitoes. The majority of resources should remain with control measures that target indoor biting and resting such as LLINs and IRS. © 2015 Bradley et al.; licensee BioMed Central.	None	adolescent; adult; Anopheles; Article; bed net; child; controlled study; environmental exposure; environmental factor; Equatorial Guinea; female; health survey; human; indoor residual spraying; malaria; malaria control; male; mosquito bite; night; parasite load; parasite vector; vector control	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888005558	Match running performance fluctuations in elite soccer: Indicative of fatigue, pacing or situational influences?	Bradley P.S., Noakes T.D.	2013	Journal of Sports Sciences	31	15	10.1080/02640414.2013.796062	Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Sunderland, Sunderland SR1 3SD, United Kingdom; Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Bradley, P.S., Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Sunderland, Sunderland SR1 3SD, United Kingdom; Noakes, T.D., Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa	The aims of this study were to: (1) quantify match running performance in 5-min periods to determine if players fatigue or modulate high-intensity running according to a pacing strategy, and (2) examine factors impacting high-intensity running such as score line, match importance and the introduction of substitutes. All players were analysed using a computerised tracking system. Maintaining 'high' levels of activity in the first half resulted in a 12% reduction (P < 0.01) in the second half for high-intensity running (effect size [ES]: 0.8), while no changes were observed in 'moderate' and 'low' groups (ES: 0.0-0.2). The 'high' group covered less (P < 0.01) high-intensity running in the initial 10-min of the second versus first half (ES: 0.6-0.7), but this was not observed in 'moderate' and 'low' groups (ES: 0.2-0.4). After the most intense periods, players demonstrated an 8% drop in high-intensity running (P < 0.05) compared to the match average (ES: 0.2) and this persisted for 5-min before recovering. Players covered similar high-intensity running distances in matches with differing score lines but position-specific trends indicated central defenders covered 17% less (P < 0.01) and attackers 15% more high-intensity running during matches that were heavily won versus lost (ES: 0.9). High-intensity running distances were comparable in matches of differing importance, but between-half trends indicated that only declines (P < 0.01) occurred in the second half of critical matches (ES: 0.2). Substitutes covered 15% more (P < 0.01) high-intensity running versus the same time period when completing a full match (ES: 0.5). The data demonstrate that high-intensity running in the second half is impacted by the activity of the first half and is reduced for 5-min after intense periods. High-intensity running is also influenced by score line and substitutions but not match importance. More research is warranted to establish if fluctuations in match running performance are primarily a consequence of fatigue, pacing or tactical and situational influences. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.	fatigue; football; match importance; pacing; score; substitutions	article; athletic performance; endurance; fatigue; human; running; soccer; task performance; Athletic Performance; Fatigue; Humans; Physical Endurance; Running; Soccer; Time and Motion Studies	None
WoS	WOS:000341887000001	Evaluation of record linkage of mortality data between a health and demographic surveillance system and national civil registration system in South Africa	Bradshaw, Debbie,Gomez-Olive, Francesc Xavier,Joubert, Jane D.,Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa W.,Kahn, Kathleen,Lopez, Alan D.,Mee, Paul,Rao, Chalapati,Tollman, Stephen,Tuoane-Nkhasi, Maletela,Vos, Theo	2014	POPULATION HEALTH METRICS	13	1	10.1186/s12963-014-0023-z	South African Medical Research Council, Umea University, University of Melbourne, University of Queensland, University of Washington, University of Washington Seattle, University of Witwatersrand, INDEPTH Network, Stat South Africa	"Bradshaw, Debbie: South African Medical Research Council","Gomez-Olive, Francesc Xavier: University of Witwatersrand","Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa W.: University of Witwatersrand","Lopez, Alan D.: University of Melbourne","Rao, Chalapati: University of Queensland","Vos, Theo: University of Washington","Vos, Theo: University of Washington Seattle",	Background: Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems (HDSS) collect independent mortality data that could be used for assessing the quality of mortality data in national civil registration (CR) systems in low- and middle-income countries. However, the use of HDSS data for such purposes depends on the quality of record linkage between the two data sources. We describe and evaluate the quality of record linkage between HDSS and CR mortality data in South Africa with HDSS data from Agincourt HDSS. Methods: We applied deterministic and probabilistic record linkage approaches to mortality records from 2006 to 2009 from the Agincourt HDSS and those in the CR system. Quality of the matches generated by the probabilistic approach was evaluated using sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) calculated from a subset of records that were linked using national identity number. Matched and unmatched records from the Agincourt HDSS were compared to identify characteristics associated with successful matching. In addition, the distribution of background characteristics in all deaths that occurred in 2009 and those linked to CR records was compared to assess systematic bias in the resulting record-linked dataset in the latest time period. Results: Deterministic and probabilistic record linkage approaches combined linked a total of 2264 out of 3726 (60.8%) mortality records from the Agincourt HDSS to those in the CR system. Probabilistic approaches independently linked 1969 (87.0%) of the linked records. In a subset of 708 records that were linked using national identity number, the probabilistic approaches yielded sensitivity of 90.0% and PPV of 98.5%. Records belonging to more vulnerable people, including poorer persons, young children, and non-South Africans were less likely to be matched. Nevertheless, distribution of most background characteristics was similar between all Agincourt HDSS deaths and those matched to CR records in the latest time period. Conclusion: This study shows that record linkage of mortality data from HDSS and CR systems is possible and can be useful in South Africa. The study identifies predictors for death registration and data items and registration system characteristics that could be improved to achieve more optimal future matching possibilities.	"Agincourt HDSS","Civil registration system","death registration","Health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS)",MORTALITY,"RECORD LINKAGE","SOUTH AFRICA","AGINCOURT HEALTH",CARE,DEATH,DISEASE,EPIDEMIOLOGY,"GLOBAL BURDEN",IDENTIFIERS,POPULATION,VALID	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-30844463197	Interactive effects of the type of milling media and copper sulphate addition on the flotation performance of sulphide minerals from Merensky ore Part I: Pulp chemistry	Bradshaw D.J., Buswell A.M., Harris P.J., Ekmekci Z.	2006	International Journal of Mineral Processing	78	3	10.1016/j.minpro.2005.10.004	University of Cape Town, Mineral Processing Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; Hacettepe University, Department of Mining Engineering, Beytepe 06532, Ankara, Turkey	Bradshaw, D.J., University of Cape Town, Mineral Processing Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; Buswell, A.M., University of Cape Town, Mineral Processing Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; Harris, P.J., University of Cape Town, Mineral Processing Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; Ekmekci, Z., Hacettepe University, Department of Mining Engineering, Beytepe 06532, Ankara, Turkey	It is well known that the chemical environment determines the success of the flotation process, however its characterisation and control is difficult to achieve. This paper, as two parts, Part I and Part II, evaluates the use of various measurements and their interpretation to gain an understanding of the influence of varying parameters such as the type of milling media and copper sulphate addition on the flotation performance of sulphide minerals from a platinum group mineral (PGM) bearing Merensky ore. It shows the complexity of interpretation and the importance of analysing flotation performance holistically. Part I focuses on the pulp chemistry and mineral potential measurements have been used to show the differences in the response of the various mineral electrodes to different conditions. The final flotation recoveries of the sulphide minerals in the ore followed the same trend as the decrease in mineral potential due to collector addition viz. chalcopyrite &gt; pentlandite &gt; pyrrhotite. Type of milling media and copper sulphate addition slightly affected the mineral electrode potential and flotation recovery of chalcopyrite. Addition of copper sulphate increased the recovery of pentlandite and particularly pyrrhotite due to activation by copper (II) ions. The copper activation mechanism was likely to be in the form of initial adsorption of copper hydroxide followed by reduction to Cu+ at the surface. However, the changes in flotation performance of the different minerals in the ore could not be completely described by the electrochemical changes, demonstrating the limitations of these measurements. Part II addresses the effect of froth stability as demonstrated by the variations in the mass and water recovery data resulting from the different milling conditions and addition of copper sulphate which emphasised the importance of considering the froth phase in the evaluation of flotation data. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Copper sulphate; Milling media; Pulp chemistry; Sulphide minerals	Electrochemistry; Flotation; Granulation; Inorganic acids; Parameter estimation; Platinum compounds; Pulp; Pyrites; Reduction; Copper (II) ions; Copper sulphate; Milling media; Pulp chemistry; Sulfide minerals; Electrochemistry; Pulps	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863973554	Performance quantification of applicators for microwave treatment of crushed mineral ore	Bradshaw S.M., Ali A.Y., Marchand R., Barnard A.	2011	Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy	45	1	None	Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Bradshaw, S.M., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Ali, A.Y., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Marchand, R., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Barnard, A., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Exposure of crushed mineral ores to microwaves at high power density (∼10 9 to 10 11 W/m 3 abs) and for short exposure times (&lt;0.1 s) induces grain boundary fracture around the grains of the value minerals at economically viable energy inputs (∼1 kWh/t). In subsequent processing steps, liberation of the value minerals is enhanced, improving the efficiency of the process. In this paper the performance of transverse E-field applicators for the continuous treatment of 30 t/h of crushed ore was quantified using damage maps. These provide the amount of microwaveinduced grain boundary damage and the fraction of the load treated as a function of input power and throughput. The damage maps are created by combining the outputs from thermal stress simulations (for the determination of thermal damage) with those from electromagnetic simulations (for the determination of the 3d dissipation of power in the load). The results are to be used to select the optimal applicator structure and operating parameters (bed height and speed) for a given ore. Results from two applicator configurations for a coarser and finer-grained galena-calcite ore are used to exemplify the results. It is shown high the texture of the ore significantly reduces performance in terms of achievable throughput and required energy input. It is also shown that sub-optimal electromagnetic design also results in reduced throughput and increased energy requirement.	Applicator evaluation; Microwave; Mineral processing; Optimization	Bed height; Continuous treatments; Damage maps; E-field; Electromagnetic designs; Electromagnetic simulation; Energy inputs; Energy requirements; Exposure time; Grain boundary fracture; High power density; Input power; Microwave treatment; Mineral ores; Mineral processing; Operating parameters; Processing steps; Thermal damage; Thermal stress simulation; Grain boundaries; Microwaves; Optimization; Ore treatment; Ores; Structural optimization; Three dimensional computer graphics; Throughput; Applicators; mineral; article; chemistry; equipment; equipment design; equipment failure; materials testing; metallurgy; methodology; microwave radiation; mining; radiation exposure; Equipment Design; Equipment Failure Analysis; Materials Testing; Metallurgy; Microwaves; Minerals; Mining	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879604021	Taxonomic evaluation of the genus Enterobacter based on multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA): Proposal to reclassify E. nimipressuralis and E. amnigenus into Lelliottia gen. nov. as Lelliottia nimipressuralis comb. nov. and Lelliottia amnigena comb. nov.,	Brady C., Cleenwerck I., Venter S., Coutinho T., De Vos P.	2013	Systematic and Applied Microbiology	36	5	10.1016/j.syapm.2013.03.005	LM-UGent, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Brady, C., LM-UGent, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cleenwerck, I., BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Venter, S., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Coutinho, T., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; De Vos, P., BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium	The taxonomy of Enterobacter has a complicated history, with several species transferred to and from this genus. Classification of strains is difficult owing to its polyphyletic nature, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. It has been previously acknowledged that Enterobacter contains species which should be transferred to other genera. In an attempt to resolve the taxonomy of Enterobacter, MLSA based on partial sequencing of protein-encoding genes (gyrB, rpoB, infB and atpD) was performed on the type strains and reference strains of Enterobacter, Cronobacter and Serratia species, as well as members of the closely related genera Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Kluyvera, Leclercia, Mangrovibacter, Raoultella and Yokenella. Phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated nucleotide sequences revealed that Enterobacter can be divided into five strongly supported MLSA groups, suggesting that the species should be reclassified into five different genera. Further support for this was provided by a concatenated amino acid tree, phenotypic characteristics and fatty acid profiles, enabling differentiation of the MLSA groups. Three novel genera are proposed: Lelliottia gen. nov., Pluralibacter gen. nov. and Kosakonia gen. nov. and the following new combinations: Lelliottia nimipressuralis comb. nov., Lelliottia amnigena comb. nov., Pluralibacter gergoviae comb. nov., Pluralibacter pyrinus comb. nov., Kosakonia cowanii comb. nov., Kosakonia radicincitans comb. nov., Kosakonia oryzae comb. nov., Kosakonia arachidis comb. nov., Cronobacter helveticus comb. nov. and Cronobacter pulveris comb. nov. Additionally, the novel epithet Cronobacter zurichensis nom. nov. is proposed for the reclassification of Enterobacter turicensis into the genus Cronobacter, as Cronobacter turicensis (Iversen et al., 2008) is already in use. © 2013 Elsevier GmbH.	Cronobacter; Enterobacter; Enterobacteriaceae; MLSA; Taxonomy	granzyme B; RNA polymerase beta subunit; article; bacterial strain; Cronobacter; Cronobacter helveticus; Cronobacter pulveris; Cronobacter zurichensis; DNA DNA hybridization; Enterobacter; enterobacter amnigenus; Enterobacter arachidis; Enterobacter cowanii; enterobacter gergoviae; Enterobacter helveticus; Enterobacter nimipressuralis; Enterobacter oryzae; Enterobacter pulveris; Enterobacter pyrinus; Enterobacter radicincitans; Enterobacter turicensis; gene sequence; Kosakonia; Kosakonia arachidis; Kosakonia cowanii; Kosakonia oryzae; Kosakonia radicincitans; Lelliottia; Lelliottia amnigena; Lelliottia nimipressuralis; multilocus sequence typing; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; phylogenetic tree; phylogeny; Pluralibacter; Pluralibacter gergoviae; Pluralibacter pyrinus; priority journal; Serratia; taxonomy; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Cluster Analysis; Cronobacter; DNA, Bacterial; Enterobacter; Fatty Acids; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Homology; Citrobacter; Enterobacter; Enterobacter amnigenus; Enterobacter gergoviae; Enterobacter nimipressuralis; Enterobacter pyrinus; Enterobacteriaceae; Klebsiella; Kluyvera; Leclercia; Raoultella; Serratia; Yokenella	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-25444433075	Density of Cape porcupines in a semi-arid environment and their impact on soil turnover and related ecosystem processes	Bragg C.J., Donaldson J.D., Ryan P.G.	2005	Journal of Arid Environments	61	2	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2004.09.007	Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa	Bragg, C.J., Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Donaldson, J.D., National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa; Ryan, P.G., Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Cape porcupines (Hystrix africaeaustralis) appear to have an important influence on landscapes through both biotic (foraging) and abiotic (soil turnover) impacts. Porcupine abundance and abiotic effects across the landscape were investigated in Nieuwoudtville, South Africa, a semi-arid area characterized by an extraordinary diversity and abundance of geophytes. Porcupine numbers were measured in 50 burrows, and the number of burrow entrances was a good predictor of the number of porcupines it contained (r 2=0.76). Occupied burrow density was estimated to be 2.6 burrows km-2 and porcupine density on the study farm was estimated to be 8 animals km-2, which is high relative to other Hystrix populations in semi-arid environments. This can probably be attributed to the high abundance of geophytes in the region. Annually, porcupines disturb 0.34% of the soil surface and 1.6 m3 ha-1 yr-1 of soil is displaced across the landscape, through the excavation of 160-3463 diggings per hectare. Up to 2.2 m3 of soil is displaced per hectare per year in the natural Dolerite Plains vegetation, but very little foraging activity occurs in previously or currently ploughed lands. The extent of disturbance in Nieuwoudtville is on a par with or higher than that recorded for other porcupine populations in arid or semi-arid regions. Other studies have shown that porcupine diggings disturb plant community structure and create fertile sites for plant germination and recruitment. Porcupine diggings in Nieuwoudtville contained significantly more seedlings than adjacent areas. Thus, through widespread foraging pits, soil turnover, and numerous burrows, porcupines modulate the availability of resources to other organisms. Therefore, Cape porcupines are likely to act as ecosystem engineers in this landscape. Porcupines should be included in any conservation actions involving the unique geophyte flora of Nieuwoudtville. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Burrows; Disturbance; Ecosystem engineers; Foraging diggings; Geophytes; Hystrix africaeaustralis; Porcupine density	burrow; disturbance; ecosystem function; geophyte; population density; semiarid region; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; World; Animalia; Hystrix africaeaustralis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903720906	Longitudinal study of correlates of modern contraceptive use and impact of HIV care programmes among HIV concordant and serodiscordant couples in Rakai, Uganda	Brahmbhatt H., Makumbi F., Lutalo T., Sekasanvu J., Serwadda D., Wawer M.J., Gray R.H.	2014	Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care	40	3	10.1136/jfprhc-2013-100593	Department of Population, Reproductive and Family Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, E4010, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Makerere University, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Rakai Health Science Program, Entebbe, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of PublicHealth, Baltimore, MD, United States	Brahmbhatt, H., Department of Population, Reproductive and Family Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, E4010, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Makumbi, F., Department of Population, Reproductive and Family Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, E4010, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States, Makerere University, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Lutalo, T., Rakai Health Science Program, Entebbe, Uganda; Sekasanvu, J., Rakai Health Science Program, Entebbe, Uganda; Serwadda, D., Makerere University, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Wawer, M.J., Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of PublicHealth, Baltimore, MD, United States; Gray, R.H., Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of PublicHealth, Baltimore, MD, United States	Objective To assess trends and determinants of family planning use and impact of HIV serostatus among couples. Methods Couples' data were retrospectively linked from cohort surveys in Rakai, Uganda between 1999 and 2011, and were classified by HIV status as concordant (M+F+/M-F-) or serodiscordant (M-F+/M+F-). HIV care (HIVC) was grouped into three periods, pre-antiretroviral therapy (pre-HIVC) (&lt;2004), HIVC roll-out (2005-2007) and HIVC scale-up (≥2008). Trends in couple contraceptive use were assessed by chisquare test (χ2) for trend, and multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of predictors of contraceptive use. Results A toal of 6139 couples contributed 13 709 observations. Hormonal contraception (HC) use increased over time from 22.9% to 33.9%, p&lt;0.001), with significant increases among M-F- (23.2% to 34.8%, p&lt;0.0001) and M+F+ (20.8% to 32.2%, p=0.0005), but not serodiscordant couples. Condom use significantly increased among M+F+ (30.3% to 48.0%, p&lt;0.001) and serodiscordant couples (24.2% to 48.7%, p&lt;0.001), but not among M-F- couples. Dual use of HC and condoms increased over time, irrespective of HIV status. Factors associated with increases in contraceptive use were: higher education, co-resident children, male non-marital relationship and scaled-up HIVC phase. Enrolment into HIVC was associated with increased HC and condom use among HIV+ concordant [adjusted OR (adjOR)=3.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69-5.44 and adjOR=4.46, 95% CI 2.53-7.86, respectively], and serodiscordant couples (adjOR=2.21; 95% CI 1.25-3.92 and adjOR=4.75; 95% CI 2.89-7.82, respectively). Conclusions Use of modern contraception and dual method use increased over time, particularly after enrolment into HIVC. Integration of HIV and reproductive health services is critical for prevention of unwanted pregnancies and HIV infection.	None	injectable contraceptive agent; levonorgestrel; oral contraceptive agent; adolescent; adult; article; cohort analysis; condom use; contraceptive behavior; educational status; family planning; female; health program; health survey; highly active antiretroviral therapy; hormonal contraception; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; longitudinal study; major clinical study; male; predictor variable; retrospective study; scale up; serodiagnosis; trend study; Uganda	# 22006.03, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; #U1AI51171, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; 1UO1AI075115-O1A1, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; NINR: 5R01NR011474-03, NIH, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
WoS	WOS:000345396200009	Prevalence and Health Impact of Intimate Partner Violence and Non-partner Sexual Violence Among Female Adolescents Aged 15-19 Years in Vulnerable Urban Environments: A Multi-Country Study	Acharya, Rajib,Brahmbhatt, Heena,Cheng, Yan,Covarrubias, Laura,Decker, Michele R.,Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead,Gao, Ersheng,Ojengbede, Oladosu,Olumide, Adesola,Peitzmeier, Sarah	2014	JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH	55	6	10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.08.022	Johns Hopkins University, University of Ibadan, University of Witwatersrand, Shanghai Inst Planned Parenthood Res	"Brahmbhatt, Heena: Johns Hopkins University","Covarrubias, Laura: Johns Hopkins University","Decker, Michele R.: Johns Hopkins University","Delany-Moretlwe, Sinead: University of Witwatersrand","Ojengbede, Oladosu: University of Ibadan","Olumide, Adesola: University of Ibadan","Peitzmeier, Sarah: Johns Hopkins University",	Purpose: Globally, adolescent women are at risk for gender-based violence (GBV) including sexual violence and intimate partner violence (IPV). Those in economically distressed settings are considered uniquely vulnerable. Methods: Female adolescents aged 15-19 from Baltimore, Maryland, USA; New Delhi, India; Ibadan, Nigeria; Johannesburg, South Africa; and Shanghai, China (n = 1,112) were recruited via respondent-driven sampling to participate in a cross-sectional survey. We describe the prevalence of past-year physical and sexual IPV, and lifetime and past-year non-partner sexual violence. Logistic regression models evaluated associations of GBV with substance use, sexual and reproductive health, mental health, and self-rated health. Results: Among ever-partnered women, past-year IPV prevalence ranged from 10.2% in Shanghai to 36.6% in Johannesburg. Lifetime non-partner sexual violence ranged from 1.2% in Shanghai to 12.6% in Johannesburg. Where sufficient cases allowed additional analyses (Baltimore and Johannesburg), both IPV and non-partner sexual violence were associated with poor health across domains of substance use, sexual and reproductive health, mental health, and self-rated health; associations varied across study sites. Conclusions: Significant heterogeneity was observed in the prevalence of IPV and non-partner sexual violence among adolescent women in economically distressed urban settings, with upwards of 25% of ever-partnered women experiencing past-year IPV in Baltimore, Ibadan, and Johannesburg, and more than 10% of adolescent women in Baltimore and Johannesburg reporting non-partner sexual violence. Findings affirm the negative health influence of GBV even in disadvantaged urban settings that present a range of competing health threats. A multisectoral response is needed to prevent GBV against young women, mitigate its health impact, and hold perpetrators accountable. (C) 2014 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved.	ADOLESCENT,"intimate partner violence","sexual violence","1ST INTERCOURSE","DATING VIOLENCE","DOMESTIC VIOLENCE","GLOBAL PREVALENCE","HIV PREVENTION","REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH",SOUTH-AFRICA,"TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS",UNITED-STATES,WOMEN	None	None
None	None	Tests of bednet traps (Mbita traps) for monitoring mosquito populations and time of biting in Tanzania and possible impact of prolonged insecticide treated net use	Braimah N., Drakeley C., Kweka E., Mosha F., Helinski M., Pates H., Maxwell C., Massawe T., Kenward M.G., Curtis C.	2005	International Journal of Tropical Insect Science	25	3	10.1079/IJT200576	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; NIMR Ubwari Field Station, Box 81, Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania; Joint Malaria Programme, Box 2228, Moshi, Tanzania	Braimah, N., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, NIMR Ubwari Field Station, Box 81, Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania; Drakeley, C., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, Joint Malaria Programme, Box 2228, Moshi, Tanzania; Kweka, E., Joint Malaria Programme, Box 2228, Moshi, Tanzania; Mosha, F., Joint Malaria Programme, Box 2228, Moshi, Tanzania; Helinski, M., NIMR Ubwari Field Station, Box 81, Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania; Pates, H., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, NIMR Ubwari Field Station, Box 81, Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania; Maxwell, C., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom, NIMR Ubwari Field Station, Box 81, Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania; Massawe, T., NIMR Ubwari Field Station, Box 81, Muheza, Tanga, Tanzania; Kenward, M.G., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Curtis, C., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom	Mosquito traps known as Mbita traps made from modified bednets according to a design developed in Kenya were compared with Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps for their ability to catch anopheline and culicine mosquitoes in several different villages in northern Tanzania. The results confirmed those recently reported in Kenya, that Mbita traps catch significantly fewer mosquitoes than CDC traps. Statistical analysis using a Poisson log linear model with random effects for the trap counts showed that the ratio of the catches with the two types of trap was not consistent in the different villages. Thus, we doubt whether the Mbita trap would be a reliable substitute for CDC traps. In one trial, the catches made at different hours of the night with the two types of trap indicated that in villages where insecticide treated nets (ITNs) had been used for some years, somewhat more of the Anopheles biting occurred early and late in the night, whereas in villages with no history of ITN use, biting was concentrated in the middle of the night. This suggests that behavioural adaptation to avoid contact with ITNs may be beginning to evolve. © ICIPE 2005.	CDC light trap; Insecticide treated nets; Mbita trap; Mosquito traps; Tanzania; Time of mosquito biting	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874974802	Impacts of a 'black tide' harmful algal bloom on rocky-shore intertidal communities on the West Coast of South Africa	Branch G.M., Bustamante R.H., Robinson T.B.	2013	Harmful Algae	24	None	10.1016/j.hal.2013.01.005	Marine Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, PB X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, PB X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Branch, G.M., Marine Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, PB X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Bustamante, R.H., Marine Research Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, PB X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Robinson, T.B., Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, PB X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Algal blooms commonly occur along the South African west coast. In March 1994 a dense bloom developed within St Helena Bay. Its subsequent decay caused near-shore hypoxia and elevated hydrogen sulphide levels, leading to it being termed a 'black tide'. The bloom caused immediate massive intertidal mortalities (95% reduction of biomass), significant changes in community structure, and declines in richness and diversity. Only four taxa were not diminished: ephemeral algae, the gastropod Afrolittorina knysnaensis, the anemone Bunodactis reynaudi and the false limpet Siphonaria capensis. This limpet species subsequently increased at impacted sites relative to controls, probably reflecting reduced competition from other grazers. Ephemeral algae flourished during early recolonisation while grazers were depleted, but declined as grazers re-established. Manipulative experiments demonstrated that grazers do have this capability. Perennial algae also flourished, but lagged behind ephemerals, possibly contributing to their decline. Predators took longest to recover. Differences in the responses of species reflect differing tolerances, zonation patterns and biological interactions. Communities at control sites remained unchanged over the four-year study, and those exposed to a low intensity of the bloom were little affected, but communities exposed to its full intensity failed to recover fully within four years. Increasing frequency of harmful algal blooms along the west coast of South Africa could, therefore, significantly alter rocky-shore communities if intervals between bloom events become shorter than recovery times. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Algal bloom; Community impacts; Hydrogen sulphide; Hypoxia; Intertidal; South Africa	Afrolittorina knysnaensis; algae; Anemone; Bunodactis reynaudi; Gastropoda; Siphonaria capensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919830573	Evaluation of colilert-18® as an alternative method for monitoring total coliforms and Escherichia coli in some faecally polluted river waters	Brand A.S., Barnes J.M.	2014	Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development	4	4	10.2166/washdev.2014.040	Division of Community Health, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Brand, A.S., Division of Community Health, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa; Barnes, J.M., Division of Community Health, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	The increase in numbers and contamination levels of faecally polluted water has resulted in shifts worldwide towards methods which enumerate faecal indicator bacteria faster. Rapid methods enable more timely remedial and preventative actions which protect the health of water users. However, especially in the developing world, straightforward methods are also preferred as they reduce the requirement for highly qualified analysts. This study investigates the feasibility of using the rapid, semi-automated enzyme substrate test Colilert-18®instead of multiple-tube fermentation (MTF) in total coliform and Escherichia coli enumeration for South African river water, as one example of a surface water source carrying considerable faecal pollution, which needs monitoring. Spearman rank correlation coefficients (ρ) of 0.83 and 0.86 were obtained for total coliforms and E. coli respectively, indicating Colilert-18®performed acceptably in the pollution ranges encountered. A Bland-Altman plot further revealed that Colilert-18®showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) from MTF values below 100,000 E. coli most probable number/100 mL (estimated true value). Above this level Colilert-18®was found to progressively underestimate E. coli. This inadequacy of Colilert-18®was considered acceptable from a health risk assessment viewpoint as such high counts should have sounded the alarm for preventative and corrective action irrespective of method inaccuracy. © IWA Publishing 2014.	Faecal pollution monitoring; Health risk assessment; Method comparison; Polluted environmental waters	Escherichia coli	None
WoS	WOS:000331390500014	Monitoring and Evaluation of African Women in Agricultural Research and Development (AWARD): An Exemplar of Managing for Impact in Development Evaluation	Brandon, Paul R.,Noordeloos, Marco,Ofir, Zenda,Smith, Nick L.	2014	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EVALUATION	35	1	10.1177/1098214013509876	Stellenbosch University, Syracuse University, University of Hawaii Manoa, University of Hawaii System, African Women Agr Res & Dev	"Brandon, Paul R.: University of Hawaii Manoa","Brandon, Paul R.: University of Hawaii System","Ofir, Zenda: Stellenbosch University","Smith, Nick L.: Syracuse University",	None	Africa,"development evaluation","monitoring and evaluation","theory of change","WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875487932	Evaluation of the Determine™ fourth generation HIV rapid assay	Brauer M., De Villiers J.C., Mayaphi S.H.	2013	Journal of Virological Methods	189	1	10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.01.017	Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division, Pathology Building, 5 Bophelo Road, Pretoria, South Africa	Brauer, M., Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division, Pathology Building, 5 Bophelo Road, Pretoria, South Africa; De Villiers, J.C., Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division, Pathology Building, 5 Bophelo Road, Pretoria, South Africa; Mayaphi, S.H., Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division, Pathology Building, 5 Bophelo Road, Pretoria, South Africa	Assays that detect p24 antigen reduce the diagnostic window period of HIV testing. Most point-of-care HIV assays have poor sensitivity to diagnose acute HIV infection as they only detect antibodies against HIV-1 and HIV-2 (HIV-1/2). This was a cross-sectional laboratory-based study that evaluated the performance of the Determine™ HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab Combo fourth generation rapid strip - currently the only rapid assay that detects both HIV-1/2 antibodies and p24 antigen. A total of 79 serum specimens (29 positive for HIV antibodies only, 14 positive for HIV antibodies and p24 antigen, 20 HIV-negative, and 16 positive for p24 antigen only) were used for the evaluation. Results were compared with those from validated fourth generation HIV ELISAs. The Determine™ Combo rapid strips had a sensitivity of 90.7% and a specificity of 100% for the detection of HIV-1/2 antibodies. Its sensitivity for the detection of p24 antigen was only 10% (3 out of 30 p24 antigen positive specimens). This implies that most acute HIV infections will be missed with this assay. The need for a point-of-care assay which can detect acute HIV infection reliably still remains, particularly for use in a high prevalence setting such as South Africa. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Acute; Fourth generation test; HIV; Rapid; Seroconversion	antigen p24; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 antibody; Human immunodeficiency virus 2antibody; Human immunodeficiency virus antibody; unclassified drug; antigen detection; article; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test accuracy study; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; HIV test; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; intermethod comparison; point of care testing; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; validity; virus detection; Cross-Sectional Studies; HIV Antibodies; HIV Antigens; HIV Core Protein p24; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; HIV-1; HIV-2; Humans; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 2	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349163613	Impact of a dam on benthic macroinvertebrates in a small river in a biodiversity hotspot: Cape Floristic Region, South Africa	Bredenhand E., Samways M.J.	2009	Journal of Insect Conservation	13	3	10.1007/s10841-008-9173-2	Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Stellenbosch, P/Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Bredenhand, E., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Stellenbosch, P/Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Samways, M.J., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Centre for Invasion Biology, University of Stellenbosch, P/Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Suitable reservoirs and monitoring methods are needed to manage scarce water supplies in dry countries. We assessed here the impact on aquatic macroinvertebrates of the only dam on the Eerste River, which runs through the heart of a biodiversity hotspot, the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. The dam and associated activities, were the only forms of disturbance in this otherwise pristine area. We sampled over 20,000 macroinvertebrate individuals and illustrated some categorical effects of the impoundment and its effects on macroinvertebrate assemblages. Macroinvertebrate species diversity below the dam was only half of that in the pristine catchment area above the dam. Furthermore, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera diversity and abundance dropped to almost zero as a result of the impoundment. In contrast, the abundance of the Diptera family Chironomidae increased substantially below the dam. These changes in macroinvertebrate diversity mirrored those recorded in biologically less diverse areas, but are of major concern in this biodiversity hotspot with its rich endemic fauna. We conclude that such an impoundment, while important for human welfare, results in a high price being paid in terms of loss of local biodiversity. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008.	Cape Floristic Region; Dam; Diversity; Freshwateri nvertebrates; Impact	benthos; biodiversity; Cape Floristic Region; dam; ecological impact; freshwater ecosystem; impoundment; macroinvertebrate; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Chironomidae; Diptera; Ephemeroptera; Plecoptera; Trichoptera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-35048879608	Experience of mental disorder in the context of basic service reforms: The impact on caregiving environments in South Africa	Breen A., Swartz L., Flisher A.J., Joska J.A., Corrigall J., Plaatjies L., McDonald D.A.	2007	International Journal of Environmental Health Research	17	5	10.1080/09603120701628388	Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Lentegeur Hospital, Mitchell's Plain, South Africa; Queen's University, Kingston, Ont., Canada; Municipal Services Project, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag XI, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Breen, A., Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Swartz, L., Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa, Department of Psychology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag XI, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Flisher, A.J., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Joska, J.A., University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Lentegeur Hospital, Mitchell's Plain, South Africa; Corrigall, J.; Plaatjies, L., Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, ; McDonald, D.A., Queen's University, Kingston, Ont., Canada, Municipal Services Project, Canada	The integration of mental health services into primary health care and the shift towards community- and family-based care for chronic mental disorders has been associated with increased burden on households. At the same time, research investigating the impact of policies of cost recovery for basic services such as water and electricity has also indicated an increased burden on households. This study aimed to investigate the impact of these basic service reforms on households caring for a family member with a chronic mental disorder in Cape Town, South Africa. The findings indicate that factors associated with service reforms may increase the stress and burden experienced by households and in turn impact on the primary environment in which care is received. © 2007 Taylor & Francis.	Global service reforms; Household burden; Mental disorders; Mental health care	health care; health services; mental health; article; caregiver; economic aspect; household; human; income; lowest income group; mental disease; mental health service; primary health care; South Africa; Caregivers; Chronic Disease; Community Mental Health Services; Cost of Illness; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; Health Care Reform; Home Nursing; Humans; Mental Disorders; Primary Health Care; Social Conditions; South Africa; Africa; Cape Town; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Cape	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78650230819	Potential impacts of a green revolution in Africa-the case of Ghana	Breisinger C., Diao X., Thurlow J., Hassan R.M.A.	2011	Journal of International Development	23	1	10.1002/jid.1641	International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, United States; University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana	Breisinger, C., International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, United States; Diao, X., International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, United States; Thurlow, J., International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC, United States; Hassan, R.M.A., University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana	Agricultural growth in Africa has accelerated, yet most of this growth has been driven by land expansion. Land expansion potential is reaching its limits, urging governments to shift towards a green revolution type of productivity-led growth. Given the huge public investments required, this paper aims to assess the potential impacts of a green revolution. Results from a CGE model for Ghana show that green revolution type growth is strongly pro-poor and provides substantial transfers to the rest of the economy, thus providing a powerful argument to raise public expenditure on agriculture to make a green revolution happen in Africa. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.	Africa; Agriculture; CGE; Ghana; Green revolution; Growth; Microsimulation; Poverty	agricultural economics; green revolution; investment; numerical model; poverty; public spending; Ghana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898040263	Impact of choice of NRTI in first-line antiretroviral therapy: A cohort analysis of stavudine vs. tenofovir	Brennan A.T., Shearer K., Maskew M., Long L., Sanne I., Fox M.P.	2014	Tropical Medicine and International Health	19	5	10.1111/tmi.12285	Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Right to Care, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Brennan, A.T., Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States, Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Shearer, K., Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Maskew, M., Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Long, L., Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sanne, I., Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States, Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Right to Care, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fox, M.P., Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States, Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Objective: In April 2010, South Africa replaced stavudine with tenofovir in first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) despite tenofovir's higher cost. We examined treatment outcomes over 24 months amongst patients initiated on tenofovir-based vs. stavudine-based first-line regimens. Methods: Prospective cohort analysis of 3940 patients newly initiating either stavudine-based (April 2009 to March 2010) or tenofovir-based (April 2010 to March 2011) ART in Johannesburg, South Africa. Cox proportional hazards models and Fine and Gray's competing risk regression accounting for death were used to model mortality and loss to follow-up, respectively. Linear and log-binomial regression were used to evaluate associations with immunologic response and unsuppressed virus (≥400 copies/ml), respectively. Results: About 1878 patients prescribed tenofovir and 2062 patients prescribed stavudine were included. One hundred and sixty-six (8.8%) tenofovir and 244 (11.8%) stavudine patients died. Three hundred and fifty (18.6%) tenofovir and 379 (18.4%) stavudine patients were lost to follow-up over 24 months on ART. Adjusted regression models showed tenofovir and stavudine were comparable regarding death, loss to follow-up, immunologic response and virologic status. Conclusions: We found no difference in mortality, loss to follow-up, immunological and virologic outcomes over the first 24-months on ART associated with tenofovir compared with stavudine. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	Antiretroviral therapy; Drug toxicities; Resource-limited setting; Stavudine; Tenofovir; Treatment outcomes	stavudine; tenofovir; adenine; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; phosphonic acid derivative; stavudine; tenofovir; antimicrobial activity; cohort analysis; cost-benefit analysis; disease treatment; immune system; mortality; numerical model; regression analysis; toxicity; virus; adult; antiviral therapy; article; cohort analysis; controlled study; female; follow up; government; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immune response; major clinical study; male; middle aged; mortality; prospective study; South Africa; treatment outcome; young adult; adolescent; analogs and derivatives; comparative study; highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV Infections; procedures; proportional hazards model; survival; survival rate; virology; virus load; Gauteng; Johannesburg; South Africa; Adenine; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Cohort Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Organophosphonates; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; South Africa; Stavudine; Survival Analysis; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899987684	Design of an impact evaluation using a mixed methods model - An explanatory assessment of the effects of results-based financing mechanisms on maternal healthcare services in Malawi	Brenner S., Muula A.S., Robyn P.J., Bärnighausen T., Sarker M., Mathanga D.P., Bossert T., De Allegri M.	2014	BMC Health Services Research	14	1	10.1186/1472-6963-14-180	Institute of Public Health, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Community Health, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi; World Bank, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Wellcome Trust Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa	Brenner, S., Institute of Public Health, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany; Muula, A.S., Department of Community Health, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi; Robyn, P.J., World Bank, Washington, DC, United States; Bärnighausen, T., Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, Wellcome Trust Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa; Sarker, M., Institute of Public Health, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany; Mathanga, D.P., Department of Community Health, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi; Bossert, T., Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; De Allegri, M., Institute of Public Health, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany	Background: In this article we present a study design to evaluate the causal impact of providing supply-side performance-based financing incentives in combination with a demand-side cash transfer component on equitable access to and quality of maternal and neonatal healthcare services. This intervention is introduced to selected emergency obstetric care facilities and catchment area populations in four districts in Malawi. We here describe and discuss our study protocol with regard to the research aims, the local implementation context, and our rationale for selecting a mixed methods explanatory design with a quasi-experimental quantitative component. Design. The quantitative research component consists of a controlled pre- and post-test design with multiple post-test measurements. This allows us to quantitatively measure 'equitable access to healthcare services' at the community level and 'healthcare quality' at the health facility level. Guided by a theoretical framework of causal relationships, we determined a number of input, process, and output indicators to evaluate both intended and unintended effects of the intervention. Overall causal impact estimates will result from a difference-in-difference analysis comparing selected indicators across intervention and control facilities/catchment populations over time. To further explain heterogeneity of quantitatively observed effects and to understand the experiential dimensions of financial incentives on clients and providers, we designed a qualitative component in line with the overall explanatory mixed methods approach. This component consists of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with providers, service user, non-users, and policy stakeholders. In this explanatory design comprehensive understanding of expected and unexpected effects of the intervention on both access and quality will emerge through careful triangulation at two levels: across multiple quantitative elements and across quantitative and qualitative elements. Discussion. Combining a traditional quasi-experimental controlled pre- and post-test design with an explanatory mixed methods model permits an additional assessment of organizational and behavioral changes affecting complex processes. Through this impact evaluation approach, our design will not only create robust evidence measures for the outcome of interest, but also generate insights on how and why the investigated interventions produce certain intended and unintended effects and allows for a more in-depth evaluation approach. © 2014 Brenner et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Impact evaluation; Mixed methods; Performance-based incentives; Study design	economics; evaluation study; female; health service; human; Malawi; reimbursement; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Malawi; Maternal Health Services; Reimbursement, Incentive	University of Heidelberg
Scopus	2-s2.0-18844458301	Integrating LCIA and LCM: Evaluating environmental performances for supply chain management in South Africa	Brent A.C.	2005	Management of Environmental Quality	16	2	10.1108/14777830510583146	Department of Engineering and Technology Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Brent, A.C., Department of Engineering and Technology Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Purpose - Evaluations of environmental performances are of increasing importance for environmental management systems. In the automotive sector of South Africa, suppliers of components lack the ability to provide customers in the value chain with the necessary information to assess and compare environmental performances. Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in South Africa have systematically commenced to obtain limited process information from first-tier suppliers. However, the information is not an accurate reflection of the true environmental burdens associated with the supplied components. Based on the available process information, this paper introduces a performance evaluation methodology that is applicable for South Africa. Design/methodology/ approach - The LCA methodology, as stipulated by ISO 14040, has been applied to obtain quantified environmental performance resource impact indicators (EPRIIs) associated with limited process parameters in the South African context. Three first-tier suppliers of an OEM are used as a case study to demonstrate the application of the indicator methodology. Findings - The EPRII procedure considers the spatially differentiated ambient environmental state of the South African natural environment for normalisation factors of typical LCIA categories. The procedure further incorporates costs in order to compare supplied components (and companies) equally. Originality/value - The EPRII procedure provides the means for OEMs to obtain a first approximate of environmental concerns in the supply chain, based on three basic process parameters. Thereby, tiers can be prioritised to determine where assistance is required to improve environmental performances. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Automotive industry; Environmental management; Life cycle costs; South Africa; Supply chain management	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34347247256	Environmental impact assessment during project execution phases: Towards a stage-gate project management model for the raw materials processing industry of the energy sector	Brent A.C., Petrick W.	2007	Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal	25	2	10.3152/146155107X205832	Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Resource Based Sustainable Development, Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Brent, A.C., Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, Resource Based Sustainable Development, Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Petrick, W., Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Environmental impact assessments (EIAs) are usually required for all projects in the raw materials processing industry of the South African energy sector; they range in comprehensiveness from screening or abridged to full EIAs. Technical projects are typically on extremely tight schedules and project managers are tasked to properly align project lifecycles with the EIA process. However, the South African EIA legislation fails to take project management models and practices into consideration. A survey was conducted to establish the model that is usually followed. It focused on the stages of an EIA in relation to the project execution lifecycle phases. It ascertained problems that currently exist with the EIA procedure in the raw materials processing industry of the energy sector and that negatively affect the efficiency of project management practices in South Africa. Possible solutions are discussed and a stage-gate model is subsequently proposed, whereby the proper alignment of the South African EIA process and a typical project lifecycle is ensured for the energy sector. Further research is required to test the model through South African cases to determine the benefits and inefficiencies of such an approach, its critical elements such as quality assurance, and its influence on the stakeholders involved in an EIA. © IAIA 2007.	EIA; Environmental assessment; Life cycle management; Project management; Stage-gate model	environmental impact assessment; environmental legislation; management practice; processing; project management; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82455174900	Performance of the MGIT TBc identification test and meta-analysis of MPT64 assays for identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in liquid culture	Brent A.J., Mugo D., Musyimi R., Mutiso A., Morpeth S., Levin M., Scott J.A.G.	2011	Journal of Clinical Microbiology	49	12	10.1128/JCM.05995-11	KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, 80108, Kilifi, Kenya; Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom	Brent, A.J., KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, 80108, Kilifi, Kenya, Wellcome Trust Centre for Clinical Tropical Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Mugo, D., KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, 80108, Kilifi, Kenya; Musyimi, R., KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, 80108, Kilifi, Kenya; Mutiso, A., KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, 80108, Kilifi, Kenya; Morpeth, S., KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, 80108, Kilifi, Kenya, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Levin, M., Department of Pediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Scott, J.A.G., KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, 80108, Kilifi, Kenya, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom	Rapid MPT64-based immunochromatographic tests (MPT64 ICTs) have been developed to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in culture. We demonstrated the noninferiority of one commercial MTP64 ICT, the MGIT TBc identification (TBcID) test, to GenoType line probe assays for MTBC identification in positive MGIT cultures. Meta-analysis of MPT64 ICT performance for identification of MTBC in liquid culture confirmed similar very high sensitivities and specificities for all three commercial MPT64 assays for which sufficient data were available. Copyright © 2011, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.	None	article; assay; bacterium identification; bacterium isolate; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test accuracy study; human; immunoaffinity chromatography; intermethod comparison; line probe assay; liquid culture; meta analysis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex; nonhuman; predictive value; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; systematic review; tuberculosis; Antigens, Bacterial; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Humans; Immunoassay; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856900544	Impact of integration of hygiene kit distribution with routine immunizations on infant vaccine coverage and water treatment and handwashing practices of Kenyan mothers	Briere E.C., Ryman T.K., Cartwright E., Russo E.T., Wannemuehler K.A., Nygren B.L., Kola S., Sadumah I., Ochieng C., Watkins M.L., Quick R.	2012	Journal of Infectious Diseases	205	SUPPL. 1	10.1093/infdis/jir779	Global WASH Epidemiology Team, Waterborne Diseases Prevention Branch (WDPB), Division of Foodborne, Bacterial, and Mycotic Diseases (DBFMD), 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States; Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Safe Water and AIDS Project, Kisumu, Kenya	Briere, E.C., Global WASH Epidemiology Team, Waterborne Diseases Prevention Branch (WDPB), Division of Foodborne, Bacterial, and Mycotic Diseases (DBFMD), 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States; Ryman, T.K., Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Cartwright, E., Global WASH Epidemiology Team, Waterborne Diseases Prevention Branch (WDPB), Division of Foodborne, Bacterial, and Mycotic Diseases (DBFMD), 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States; Russo, E.T., Global WASH Epidemiology Team, Waterborne Diseases Prevention Branch (WDPB), Division of Foodborne, Bacterial, and Mycotic Diseases (DBFMD), 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States; Wannemuehler, K.A., Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Nygren, B.L., Global WASH Epidemiology Team, Waterborne Diseases Prevention Branch (WDPB), Division of Foodborne, Bacterial, and Mycotic Diseases (DBFMD), 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States; Kola, S., Safe Water and AIDS Project, Kisumu, Kenya; Sadumah, I., Safe Water and AIDS Project, Kisumu, Kenya; Ochieng, C., Safe Water and AIDS Project, Kisumu, Kenya; Watkins, M.L., Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Quick, R., Global WASH Epidemiology Team, Waterborne Diseases Prevention Branch (WDPB), Division of Foodborne, Bacterial, and Mycotic Diseases (DBFMD), 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States	Integration of immunizations with hygiene interventions may improve use of both interventions. We interviewed 1361 intervention and 1139 comparison caregivers about hygiene practices and vaccination history, distributed water treatment and hygiene kits to caregivers during infant vaccination sessions in intervention clinics for 12 months, and conducted a followup survey of 2361 intervention and 1033 comparison caregivers. We observed significant increases in reported household water treatment (30% vs 44%, P <. 0001) and correct handwashing technique (25% vs 51%, P <. 0001) in intervention households and no changes in comparison households. Immunization coverage improved in both intervention and comparison infants (57% vs 66%, P =. 04; 37% vs 53%, P <. 0001, respectively). Hygiene kit distribution during routine immunizations positively impacted household water treatment and hygiene without a negative impact on vaccination coverage. Further study is needed to assess hygiene incentives, implement alternative water quality indicators, and evaluate the impact of this intervention in other settings. © 2012 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	chlorine; diphtheria pertussis tetanus vaccine; drinking water; Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine; hepatitis B vaccine; hypochlorite sodium; measles vaccine; oral poliomyelitis vaccine; soap; adult; article; caregiver; container; counseling; female; hand washing; health care facility; health education; health survey; household; human; hygiene; hygiene kit; immunization; infant immunization; integrated health care system; Kenya; maternal counseling; mother; priority journal; residential home; rural area; urban area; water sampling; water storage container; water treatment; Adult; Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; Female; Handwashing; Health Facilities; Humans; Hygiene; Immunization; Infant; Kenya; Male; Mothers; Water Quality; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-47149086230	Proximal great saphenous vein cut down: An evaluation of techniques and anatomical considerations	Briers N., Morris I., Boon J.M., Meiring J.H., Franz R.C.	2008	Clinical Anatomy	21	5	10.1002/ca.20643	Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Briers, N., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Morris, I., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Boon, J.M., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Meiring, J.H., Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Franz, R.C., Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Cut-down techniques by which emergency venous access can be achieved are important, particularly, in the resuscitation of haemodynamically depleted patients where percutaneous access to collapsed veins is a problem. The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of different methods that are used to locate the proximal great saphenous vein in the thigh and to describe the vein's immediate course. A further component was to identify the position of the valves in the proximal great saphenous vein. Needles were placed in 42 cadaver thighs as defined by the techniques identified from the literature and surgical practice. After a detailed dissection, the vein's relation to these needles was measured and the course of the vein and number of valves noted in relation to easily identifiable landmarks. Landmarks in 2.5-cm intervals on a line from the pubic tubercle to the adductor tubercle of the femur were used. The rule of two's, an experimental method by one of the authors, along with Dronen's second method localized the vein most successfully. The course of the vein was scrutinized and found to have a rather direct course as it proceeded medially toward the saphenous hiatus. The largest population of valves could be found in the proximal 5 cm (76%) with a valve in the confluence of the great saphenous vein and the femoral vein being the most common. Valve populations were found to decrease in number from proximal to distal, which would have implications with the placement of catheters into the vein for fluid resuscitation. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.	Clinical anatomy; Cut-down techniques; Emergency venous access; Great saphenous vein; Valves	adult; aged; article; cadaver; cut down technique; dissection; dronen 2 method; dronen method; experimental method; femur; fluid resuscitation; hemodynamic monitoring; human; human tissue; intermethod comparison; new simon method; priority journal; saphenous vein; surgical anatomy; surgical technique; traditional method; vascular access; vein surgery; Adult; Aged; Dissection; Humans; Middle Aged; Needles; Saphenous Vein	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907055208	The impact of visual impairment on health-related quality of life in rural Africa	Briesen S., Roberts H., Finger R.P.	2014	Ophthalmic Epidemiology	21	5	10.3109/09286586.2014.950281	MVZ Jung-Stilling Hospital, Ziegeleistr. 27, Siegen, Germany; Kwale District Eye Centre, Mombasa, Kenya; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia	Briesen, S., MVZ Jung-Stilling Hospital, Ziegeleistr. 27, Siegen, Germany, Kwale District Eye Centre, Mombasa, Kenya; Roberts, H., Kwale District Eye Centre, Mombasa, Kenya; Finger, R.P., Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany, Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia	Purpose: To assess the impact of visual impairment (VI) on utility values in Sub-Saharan Africa and compare findings with other studies from low- and high-income countries. Methods: Patients with normal vision and various levels of VI were recruited from a secondary eye clinic in rural Kenya and interviewed using time trade-off (TTO). VI was classified using the World Health Organization definition of (normal vision, visual acuity ≥20/60, VI 20/80-20/200, severe VI 20/240-20/400, and blindness <20/400). Results: Mean age of the total sample (N=303) was 50.3 years (standard deviation, SD, ±18.17 years), and 51.5% of patients were male. Most were small-scale farmers and illiteracy was high at 40%. Mean TTO scores per group were: normal vision 0.93 (SD±0.10), VI 0.88 (SD±0.14), severe VI 0.86 (SD±0.13), blindness 0.73 (SD±0.17; p≤0.001). Lower TTO scores were independently associated with worse visual acuity (p≤0.001), longer duration of disease (p≤0.001) and illiteracy (p=0.011), but not with cause of VI, age, sex, marital status, socioeconomic status, or systemic comorbidities in multivariate analyses. Overall, TTO scores were considerably higher than those reported from high-income countries at similar levels of VI. Conclusion: In this rural African population, duration and extent of vision loss, rather than cause, socioeconomic factors and comorbidities affected vision-related quality of life. Our findings underline the importance of providing sight-restoring treatment as timely as possible and the necessity of enhancing rehabilitation efforts for those with non-curable eye diseases. © Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.	Africa; Kenya; Time trade-off; Utilities; Visual impairment	adult; age; aged; agricultural worker; amblyopia; Article; blindness; cataract; comorbidity; controlled study; cornea disease; developed country; disease duration; female; gender; glaucoma; human; interview; Kenya; life expectancy; lowest income group; major clinical study; male; marriage; mathematical and statistical procedures; optic nerve injury; quality of life; reading; refraction error; retina disease; rural population; social status; time trade off; vision; visual acuity; visual impairment; adolescent; devices; epidemiology; health status; middle aged; patient; physiology; psychology; psychometry; rural population; Sickness Impact Profile; South Africa; statistics and numerical data; very elderly; visual disorder; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Health Status; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psychometrics; Quality of Life; Rural Population; Sickness Impact Profile; South Africa; Vision Disorders; Visual Acuity; Visually Impaired Persons	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920066410	Epilepsy-related stigma in European people with epilepsy: Correlations with health system performance and overall quality of life	Brigo F., Igwe S.C., Ausserer H., Tezzon F., Nardone R., Otte W.M.	2015	Epilepsy and Behavior	42	None	10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.11.015	Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Verona, Italy; Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy; Department of Neuro-Psychiatry, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi St	Brigo, F., Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Verona, Italy, Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy; Igwe, S.C., Department of Neuro-Psychiatry, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Ausserer, H., Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy; Tezzon, F., Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy; Nardone, R., Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy, Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Otte, W.M., Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands, Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands	We aimed to relate the percentages of encountered epilepsy-related stigma in people with epilepsy with quantitative indicators of the quality of health systems and quality of life by country in Europe. The epilepsy-related stigma percentages were obtained from the largest population-based study in people with epilepsy available. We correlated percentages of people with perceived stigma per European country with data on the country's overall health system performance, health expenditure per capita in international dollars, and the Economist Intelligence Unit's quality-of-life index. We found a nonsignificant trend towards negative correlation between the epilepsy-related stigma percentage and the overall health system performance (r. = -. 0.16; p. = 0.57), the health expenditure per capita in international dollars (r. = -. 0.24; p. = 0.4), and the Economist Intelligence Unit's quality-of-life index (r. = -. 0.33; p. = 0.91). Living in a European country with a better health system performance and higher health expenditure per capita does not necessarily lead to a reduction in perceived epilepsy-related discrimination, unless the public health system invests on awareness programs to increase public knowledge and reduce stigma. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.	Epilepsy; Health expenditure; Health system performance; Stigma	Article; controlled study; Czech Republic; Denmark; epilepsy; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; health care cost; health care quality; health survey; human; Hungary; Italy; life satisfaction; major clinical study; Netherlands; patient satisfaction; Poland; Portugal; quality of life; quality of life index; social status; Spain; stigma; Sweden; Switzerland; United Kingdom; economics; epilepsy; Europe; health care delivery; psychology; social stigma; standards; Delivery of Health Care; Epilepsy; Europe; Health Expenditures; Humans; Quality of Life; Social Stigma	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80755139509	Two dimensional fluidised bed reactor: Performance of a novel multi-vortex distributor	Brink H.G., Saayman J., Nicol W.	2011	Chemical Engineering Journal	175	1	10.1016/j.cej.2011.09.077	University of Pretoria, Department Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria Main Campus, Corner Lynwood and Roper Street, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Brink, H.G., University of Pretoria, Department Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria Main Campus, Corner Lynwood and Roper Street, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Saayman, J., University of Pretoria, Department Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria Main Campus, Corner Lynwood and Roper Street, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Nicol, W., University of Pretoria, Department Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria Main Campus, Corner Lynwood and Roper Street, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	The influence of the distributor configuration on interphase mass transfer, gas axial dispersion and bubble size was studied in a pseudo 2-D fluidised bed reactor for two types of distributor configurations; a novel multi-vortex (MV) distributor with tubes directed vertically and horizontally at different heights and a standard perforated plate distributor (baseline). The linear inlet velocity (U0) ranged between 0.1m/s and 0.35m/s, with air as fluidising medium at ambient conditions. The ozone decomposition reaction over Fe2O3 impregnated FCC catalyst was used as an indirect measure for the performance of the FBR and it was found that the MV distributor causes a significant improvement (15% average) in the conversion efficiencies at all velocities tested. Bubble size measurements (using two separate techniques) indicated larger bubbles for the MV distributor, while the visual bubbling to turbulent transition boundary (Uc) for the MV distributor was found to be lower than the baseline distributor. The interphase bubble-emulsion mass transfer was quantified using the model derived by Thompson et al. [32] and was found to be 52% higher for the MV distributor than the baseline distributor. In addition the MV distributor exhibited near plug flow characteristics at velocities exceeding Uc, while this was not the case for the baseline distributor. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Interphase mass transfer quantification; Multi-vortex distributor; Ozone decomposition reaction; Two dimensional fluidized bed reactor	Ambient conditions; Axial dispersions; Bubble size; Bubble size measurement; Different heights; FCC catalysts; Fluidised bed; Indirect measure; Inlet velocity; Inter-phase mass transfer; Multi-vortex distributor; Ozone decomposition; Ozone decomposition reaction; Plug flow; Thompson; Turbulent transition; Chemical reactors; Conversion efficiency; Emulsification; Fluid catalytic cracking; Fluidization; Mass transfer; Ozone; Perforated plates; Two dimensional; Vortex flow; Fluidized beds	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349094974	Socioeconomic performance of West African fleets that target Atlantic billfish	Brinson A.A., Die D.J., Bannerman P.O., Diatta Y.	2009	Fisheries Research	99	1	10.1016/j.fishres.2009.04.010	University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Cooperative Unit for Fisheries Education and Research, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States; Fisheries Department, Ghana Ministry of Food and Agriculture, PO Box BT 62, Tema, Ghana; Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire Ch. A. Diop, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Bp 206, Dakar, Senegal	Brinson, A.A., University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Cooperative Unit for Fisheries Education and Research, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States; Die, D.J., University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Cooperative Unit for Fisheries Education and Research, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States; Bannerman, P.O., Fisheries Department, Ghana Ministry of Food and Agriculture, PO Box BT 62, Tema, Ghana; Diatta, Y., Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire Ch. A. Diop, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Bp 206, Dakar, Senegal	Managing marine resources is a contentious and complicated process. There are various users with competing objectives, especially in the case of artisanal and recreational fisheries management. Managers must consider not only the biological sustainability of the resources, but also account for the socioeconomic objectives of the fishery users, particularly in developing countries. In-person surveys were implemented with artisanal fishers that target billfish in Ghana and with recreational charter boat anglers that target billfish in Senegal. Data from the survey were used to compile financial performance indicators that describe the sustainability of the operations. In addition social and resource management perception data were collected in each location. The results of the study indicate that both fleets exhibit positive profit levels. Although fishers in both study locations perceived a declining billfish resource, they were largely unwilling to accept management measures to improve the resource. If management measures were to be considered for the artisanal fleet, managers should simultaneously introduce mechanisms to improve the technological storage capacity of harvested fish and training on saving schemes for artisanal fishers. Managers should also monitor the number of recreational vessels and their effort in Senegal. Performance indicators such as these are applicable and appropriate for quantitatively assessing the profitability of fishing fleets.	Artisanal; Billfish; Fisheries management; Performance indicators; Recreational; Socioeconomic; West Africa	Xiphiidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-37249067223	From introduction to fishery dominance: The initial impacts of the invasive carp Cyprinus carpio in Lake Naivasha, Kenya, 1999 to 2006	Britton J.R., Boar R.R., Grey J., Foster J., Lugonzo J., Harper D.M.	2007	Journal of Fish Biology	71	SUPPL. D	10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01669.x	Centre for Conservation Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Conservation Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, United Kingdom; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; Department of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom; Environment Agency, Sussex Area, Worthing, West Sussex, BN11 1DH, United Kingdom; Naivasha Fisheries Department, Moi Lake Road South, Naivasha, Kenya; Department of Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom	Britton, J.R., Centre for Conservation Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Conservation Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, United Kingdom; Boar, R.R., School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; Grey, J., Department of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary University, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom; Foster, J., Environment Agency, Sussex Area, Worthing, West Sussex, BN11 1DH, United Kingdom; Lugonzo, J., Naivasha Fisheries Department, Moi Lake Road South, Naivasha, Kenya; Harper, D.M., Department of Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom	Following the accidental introduction of the carp Cyprinus carpio into Lake Naivasha during 1999, a sustainable population became rapidly established and in early 2004 became the principal species exploited in the commercial fishery. Over 9000 kg of carp were harvested from the lake between October 2005 and 2006, when fish were captured between fork lengths (LF) 200 and 800 mm (&gt;8 kg). Diet of carp &lt;100 mm LF was dominated by zooplankton, &gt;100 mm LF there was a shift to benthic macro-invertebrates, with these carp feeding principally upon food resources previously unexploited by the fish community. Contrary to predictions and despite the increasing carp abundance, there has been macrophyte regeneration in littoral areas since 2004. There have been substantial increases in areal cover, with coverage in 2006 at levels not observed since the late 1980s, and significant increases in species richness. Possible reasons for this, and the significance of this carp introduction, are discussed. © 2007 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.	Cyprinus carpio; Invasion; Macrophyte; Procambarus clarkii	Cyprinidae; Cyprinus carpio; Invertebrata; Procambarus clarkii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864755136	Impact of community tracer teams on treatment outcomes among tuberculosis patients in South Africa	Bronner L.E., Podewils L.J., Peters A., Somnath P., Nshuti L., Van Der Walt M., Mametja L.D.	2012	BMC Public Health	12	1	10.1186/1471-2458-12-621	Division of TB Elimination, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop E-10, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 3033, United States; Global AIDS Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 877 Pretorius Street, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa; TB Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, 1 Soutpansberg Road, Private Bag X385, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Tuberculosis Control and Management, Republic of South Africa National Department of Health, Private Bag X828, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Bronner, L.E., Division of TB Elimination, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop E-10, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 3033, United States; Podewils, L.J., Division of TB Elimination, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop E-10, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 3033, United States; Peters, A., Global AIDS Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 877 Pretorius Street, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa; Somnath, P., TB Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, 1 Soutpansberg Road, Private Bag X385, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Nshuti, L., TB Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, 1 Soutpansberg Road, Private Bag X385, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Van Der Walt, M., TB Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, 1 Soutpansberg Road, Private Bag X385, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Mametja, L.D., Tuberculosis Control and Management, Republic of South Africa National Department of Health, Private Bag X828, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Background: Tuberculosis (TB) indicators in South Africa currently remain well below global targets. In 2008, the National Tuberculosis Program (NTP) implemented a community mobilization program in all nine provinces to trace TB patients that had missed a treatment or clinic visit. Implementation sites were selected by TB program managers and teams liaised with health facilities to identify patients for tracing activities. The objective of this analysis was to assess the impact of the TB Tracer Project on treatment outcomes among TB patients. Methods. The study population included all smear positive TB patients registered in the Electronic TB Registry from Quarter 1 2007-Quarter 1 2009 in South Africa. Subdistricts were used as the unit of analysis, with each designated as either tracer (standard TB program plus tracer project) or non-tracer (standard TB program only). Mixed linear regression models were utilized to calculate the percent quarterly change in treatment outcomes and to compare changes in treatment outcomes from Quarter 1 2007 to Quarter 1 2009 between tracer and non-tracer subdistricts. Results: For all provinces combined, the percent quarterly change decreased significantly for default treatment outcomes among tracer subdistricts (0.031%; p<0.001) and increased significantly for successful treatment outcomes among tracer subdistricts (0.003%; p=0.03). A significant decrease in the proportion of patient default was observed for all provinces combined over the time period comparing tracer and non-tracer subdistricts (p=0.02). Examination in stratified models revealed the results were not consistent across all provinces; significant differences were observed between tracer and non-tracer subdistricts over time in five of nine provinces for treatment default. Conclusions: Community mobilization of teams to trace TB patients that missed a clinic appointment or treatment dose may be an effective strategy to mitigate default rates and improve treatment outcomes. Additional information is necessary to identify best practices and elucidate discrepancies across provinces; these findings will help guide the NTP in optimizing the adoption of tracing activities for TB control. © 2012 Bronner et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Community mobilization; Default; Outreach; Treatment adherence	article; community care; evaluation; health survey; human; infection control; lung tuberculosis; methodology; organization and management; outcome assessment; patient attitude; patient care; patient compliance; register; retrospective study; South Africa; statistical model; Communicable Disease Control; Community Health Services; Humans; Linear Models; Medication Adherence; Outcome Assessment (Health Care); Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Patient Care Team; Population Surveillance; Registries; Retrospective Studies; South Africa; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885216650	Evaluation of an affordable HIV-1 virological failure assay and antiretroviral drug resistance genotyping protocol	Bronze M., Aitken S.C., Wallis C.L., Steegen K., Stuyver L.J., de Wit T.F.R., Stevens W.	2013	Journal of Virological Methods	194	42371	10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.08.015	Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, National Health Laboratory Services, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, South Africa; University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Netherlands; Janssen Diagnostics, Beerse, Belgium; Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Netherlands	Bronze, M., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, National Health Laboratory Services, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, South Africa; Aitken, S.C., University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Netherlands; Wallis, C.L., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Steegen, K., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Stuyver, L.J., Janssen Diagnostics, Beerse, Belgium; de Wit, T.F.R., Department of Global Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Netherlands; Stevens, W., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, National Health Laboratory Services, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, South Africa	HIV-1 RNA viral load is the preferred tool to monitor virological failure during antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposure. Timely detection of virological failure can reduce the prevalence and complexity of HIV-1 drug resistance. This field evaluation further characterizes a two-step approach to identify virological failure, as a measure of ART adherence, and detect HIVDR mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene of HIV-1. Two hundred and forty-eight (248) samples were tested; 225 from South African HIV-1 participants enrolled in the PharmAccess African Studies to Evaluate Resistance (PASER) cohort, forty of which had paired dried blood spot (DBS) samples and 23 HIV-1 negative samples. A newly developed virological failure assay (ARTA-VFA) was used on all samples, and those with a viral load &gt;5000 RNA copies/ml were genotyped with a shortened RT protocol to detect HIVDR (ARTA-HIVDRultralight). The ARTA-VFA showed good precision and linearity as compared to a commercial reference assay (NucliSENS® EasyQ v1.2, Roche) with an R2 of 0.99. Accuracy studies illustrated standard deviations of &lt;1 log RNA copies/ml for plasma and DBS ARTA-VFA results compared to the reference method. The ARTA-VFA's intended use was to deliver qualitative results either &lt; or &gt;5000 RNA copies/ml. No significant differences in the proportion of results &lt; or &gt; either the 5000 RNA copies/ml or 1000 RNA copies/ml cut-off were noted for plasma indicating either cut-off to be useful. Significant differences were noted in these proportions when DBS were used (P=0.0002), where a 5000 RNA copies/ml cut-off was deemed more appropriate. The sensitivity and specificity of the ARTA-VFA with plasma were 95% and 93% and 91% and 95% for DBS using a 5000 RNA copies/ml cut-off. The ARTA HIVDRultralight assay was reliable for plasma and DBS samples with a viral load &gt;5000 RNA copies/ml, with amplification and sequencing success rates of 91% and 92% respectively for plasma, and 95% and 80% respectively for DBS. HIVDR profiles for plasma and DBS were 100% concordant with the reference assay. This study evaluated a previously described combination of two assays potentially useful in assessing HIV-1 virological failure and resistance, showing good concordance with reference assays. These assays are simple to perform and are affordable, viable options to detect virological failures in certain resource limited settings. The assays' compatibility with DBS sampling extends the access of HIV-1 virological monitoring to more remote settings. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Antiretroviral drug resistance; Genotyping; HIV-1 virological failure assay	antiretrovirus agent; accuracy; antiviral resistance; article; controlled study; cost; diagnostic kit; dried blood spot testing; drug treatment failure; genotyping technique; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; intermethod comparison; nonhuman; predictive value; priority journal; real time polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity and specificity; sequence analysis; virological failure assay; virus examination; virus load; Antiretroviral drug resistance; Genotyping; HIV-1 virological failure assay; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Drug Resistance, Viral; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Sensitivity and Specificity; South Africa; Treatment Failure; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846326302	Performance of a parabolic trough solar collector	Brooks M.J., Mills I., Harms T.M.	2006	Journal of Energy in Southern Africa	17	3	None	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mangosuthu Technikon, South Africa; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Brooks, M.J., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mangosuthu Technikon, South Africa; Mills, I., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mangosuthu Technikon, South Africa; Harms, T.M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	The performance of a South African parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) module has been characterised using the ASHRAE 93-1986 standard. The collector is designed for component testing and development in a solar energy research programme. Low-temperature testing was performed at Mangosuthu Technikon's STARlab facility using water as the working fluid. Both an evacuated glass-shielded receiver and an unshielded receiver were tested, with which peak thermal efficiencies of 53.8% and 55.2% were obtained respectively. The glass-shielded element offered superior performance at the maximum test temperature, desensitising the receiver to wind and reducing the overall heat loss coefficient by half. The collector time constants for both receivers indicate low thermal inertia and the measured acceptance angles exceed the tracking accuracy of the PTSC, ensuring the collector operates within 2% of its optimal efficiency at all times. Off-sun thermal loss results and the behaviour of the PTSC under increased angles of incidence are described. A description of the test system components is given.	Acceptance angle; Optical efficiency; Parabolic trough collector; Time constant	Acceptance angle; Optical efficiency; Parabolic trough collector; Time constants; Heat losses; Project management; Solar energy; Standardization; Temperature control; Solar collectors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78349313189	Performance characteristics of a perforated shadow band under clear sky conditions	Brooks M.J.	2010	Solar Energy	84	12	10.1016/j.solener.2010.08.010	School of Mechanical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa	Brooks, M.J., School of Mechanical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa	A perforated, non-rotating shadow band is described for separating global solar irradiance into its diffuse and direct normal components using a single pyranometer. Whereas shadow bands are normally solid so as to occult the sensor of a pyranometer throughout the day, the proposed band has apertures cut from its circumference to intermittently expose the instrument sensor at preset intervals. Under clear sky conditions the device produces a saw tooth waveform of irradiance data from which it is possible to reconstruct separate global and diffuse curves. The direct normal irradiance may then be calculated giving a complete breakdown of the irradiance curves without need of a second instrument or rotating shadow band. This paper describes the principle of operation of the band and gives a mathematical model of its shading mask based on the results of an optical ray tracing study. An algorithm for processing the data from the perforated band system is described and evaluated. In an extended trial conducted at NREL's Solar Radiation Research Laboratory, the band coupled with a thermally corrected Eppley PSP produced independent curves for diffuse, global and direct normal irradiance with low mean bias errors of 5.6W/m2, 0.3W/m2 and -2.6W/m2 respectively, relative to collocated reference instruments. Random uncertainties were 9.7W/m2 (diffuse), 17.3W/m2 (global) and 19.0W/m2 (direct). When the data processing algorithm was modified to include the ray trace model of sensor exposure, uncertainties increased only marginally, confirming the effectiveness of the model. Deployment of the perforated band system can potentially increase the accuracy of data from ground stations in predominantly sunny areas where instrumentation is limited to a single pyranometer. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Broadband solar radiation; Diffuse irradiance; Global irradiance; Ray tracing; Shadow band	Band systems; Broadband solar radiation; Clear sky; Data processing algorithms; Diffuse irradiance; Direct normal irradiances; Global irradiance; Global solar irradiances; Ground stations; Mean bias errors; Normal component; Optical ray tracing; Performance characteristics; Pyranometers; Random uncertainties; Ray trace; Reference instruments; Saw-tooth; Shadowband; Wave forms; Curve fitting; Instruments; Mathematical models; Ray tracing; Research laboratories; Rotation; Sensors; Solar radiation; Sun; Data processing; accuracy assessment; algorithm; clear sky; data processing; error analysis; mathematical analysis; performance assessment; sensor; solar radiation; uncertainty analysis; waveform analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547196839	Thermal performance of a solar oven with augmented sunlight concentration	Brooks M.J.	2007	Journal of Energy in Southern Africa	18	2	None	School of Mechanical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Brooks, M.J., School of Mechanical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	This paper describes the thermal performance of a novel solar oven that incorporates a compact reflective lens, or ring array, to augment sunlight concentration. Performance is reported in terms of the positive effect of the ring array versus a non-concentrating lid, maximum operating temperature, thermal efficiency, performance under partly cloudy skies, and the effects of incidence angle and tracking. Use of the ring array lens improved thermal efficiency by 4% in the test range up to 100°C, while boosting the maximum operating temperature from 138°C to 196°C. Comparative tests conducted under clear sky conditions against two other commercial types showed that when tracked in the azimuth plane at near-normal incidence angles, the new design generated maximum cooking power of 300 W and boiled water at a rate 13% faster than the next best commercial oven tested. Augmented sunlight concentration sensitised the new design to higher angles of incidence and performance was negatively affected in the non-tracked state. Under non-ideal operating conditions, including partial shading by cloud, the oven outperformed both commercial units.	Ring array concentrator; Solar irradiance; Solar oven; Thermal efficiency	None	None
WoS	WOS:000320019700006	Exploring impacts of multi-year, community-based care programs for orphans and vulnerable children: A case study from Kenya	Brooks, Mohamad,Bryant, Malcolm,Larson, Bruce A.,Masila, Juliana,Rohr, Julia,Wambua, Nancy,Wangai, Susan	2013	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	25	None	10.1080/09540121.2012.729807	Boston University, Benevolent Inst Dev Initiat, Christian Aid	"Brooks, Mohamad: Boston University","Bryant, Malcolm: Boston University","Rohr, Julia: Boston University",	The Community-Based Care for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (CBCO) program operated in Kenya during 2006-2010. In Eastern Province, the program provided support to approximately 3000 orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) living in 1500 households. A primary focus of the program was to support savings and loan associations composed of OVC caregivers (typically elderly women) to improve household and OVC welfare. Cross-sectional data were collected in 2011 from 1500 randomly selected households from 3 populations: program participants (CBCO group, n=500), households in the same villages as program participants but not in the program (the local-community-group = Group L, n=300), and households living in nearby villages where the program did not operate (the adjacent-community-group, Group A, n=700). Primary welfare outcomes evaluated are household food security, as measured by the Household Food Insecurity Access instrument, and OVC educational attainment. We compared outcomes between the CBCO and the subset of Group L not meeting program eligibility criteria (L-N) to investigate disparities within local communities. We compared outcomes between the CBCO group and the subset of Group A meeting eligibility criteria (A-E) to consider program impact. We compared outcomes between households not eligible for the program in the local and adjacent community groups (L-N and A-N) to consider if the adjacent communities are similar to the local communities. In May-June 2011, at the end of the OVC program, the majority of CBCO households continued to be severely food insecure, with rates similar to other households living in nearby communities. Participation rates in primary school are high, reflecting free primary education. Among the 18-22 year olds who were children during the program years, relatively few children completed secondary school across all study groups. Although the CBCO program likely provided useful services and benefits to program participants, disparities continued to exist in food security and educational outcomes between program participants and their non-OVC peers in the local community. Outcomes for CBCO households were similar to those observed for OVC households in adjacent communities.	"educational attainment","FOOD SECURITY","orphans and vulnerable children","village savings and loan associations"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897518914	BDNF polymorphisms are linked to poorer working memory performance, reduced cerebellar and hippocampal volumes and differences in prefrontal cortex in a Swedish elderly population	Brooks S.J., Nilsson E.K., Jacobsson J.A., Stein D.J., Fredriksson R., Lind L., Schiöth H.B.	2014	PLoS ONE	9	1	10.1371/journal.pone.0082707	Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Brooks, S.J., Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Nilsson, E.K., Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Jacobsson, J.A., Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Stein, D.J., Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Fredriksson, R., Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Lind, L., Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Schiöth, H.B., Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden	Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) links learning, memory and cognitive decline in elderly, but evidence linking BDNF allele variation, cognition and brain structural differences is lacking. Methods: 367 elderly Swedish men (n = 181) and women (n = 186) from Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala seniors (PIVUS) were genotyped and the BDNF functional rs6265 SNP was further examined in subjects who completed the Trail Making Task (TMT), verbal fluency task, and had a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) examined brain structure, cognition and links with BDNF. Results: The functional BDNF SNP (rs6265,) predicted better working memory performance on the TMT with positive association of the Met rs6265, and was linked with greater cerebellar, precuneus, left superior frontal gyrus and bilateral hippocampal volume, and reduced brainstem and bilateral posterior cingulate volumes. Conclusions: The functional BDNF polymorphism influences brain volume in regions associated with memory and regulation of sensorimotor control, with the Met rs6265 allele potentially being more beneficial to these functions in the elderly. © 2014 Brooks et al.	None	brain derived neurotrophic factor; aged; article; BDNF gene; brain size; brain stem; cerebellum; cognition; female; gene linkage disequilibrium; genotype; hippocampus; human; male; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; nuclear magnetic resonance scanner; posterior cingulate; precuneus; prefrontal cortex; psychologic test; single nucleotide polymorphism; superior frontal gyrus; task performance; verbal fluency task; voxel based morphometry; working memory; Aged; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cerebellum; Executive Function; Female; Functional Neuroimaging; Gene Expression; Genetic Association Studies; Hippocampus; Humans; Linkage Disequilibrium; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Organ Size; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Prefrontal Cortex; Prospective Studies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910661234	Lot Quality assurance sampling to monitor supplemental immunization activity quality: An essential tool for improving performance in polio endemic countries	Brown A.E., Okayasu H., Nzioki M.M., Wadood M.Z., Chabot-Couture G., Quddus A., Walker G., Sutter R.W.	2014	Journal of Infectious Diseases	210	None	10.1093/infdis/jit816	Research and Product Development, Global Polio Eradication Initiative, WHO, Ave Appia 20, Geneva-27, Switzerland; WHO Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria; WHO Country Office, Islamabad, Pakistan; Institute for Disease Modeling (Global Good), Seattle, WA, Unite	Brown, A.E., Research and Product Development, Global Polio Eradication Initiative, WHO, Ave Appia 20, Geneva-27, Switzerland, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Ave, Burlington, VT, United States; Okayasu, H., Research and Product Development, Global Polio Eradication Initiative, WHO, Ave Appia 20, Geneva-27, Switzerland; Nzioki, M.M., WHO Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria; Wadood, M.Z., WHO Country Office, Islamabad, Pakistan; Chabot-Couture, G., Institute for Disease Modeling (Global Good), Seattle, WA, United States; Quddus, A., WHO Country Office, Kabul, Afghanistan; Walker, G., Research and Product Development, Global Polio Eradication Initiative, WHO, Ave Appia 20, Geneva-27, Switzerland; Sutter, R.W., Research and Product Development, Global Polio Eradication Initiative, WHO, Ave Appia 20, Geneva-27, Switzerland	Monitoring the quality of supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) is a key tool for polio eradication. Regular monitoring data, however, are often unreliable, showing high coverage levels in virtually all areas, including those with ongoing virus circulation. To address this challenge, lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) was introduced in 2009 as an additional tool to monitor SIA quality. Now used in 8 countries, LQAS provides a number of programmatic benefits: identifying areas of weak coverage quality with statistical reliability, differentiating areas of varying coverage with greater precision, and allowing for trend analysis of campaign quality. LQAS also accommodates changes to survey format, interpretation thresholds, evaluations of sample size, and data collection through mobile phones to improve timeliness of reporting and allow for visualization of campaign quality. LQAS becomes increasingly important to address remaining gaps in SIA quality and help focus resources on high-risk areas to prevent the continued transmission of wild poliovirus. © Crown copyright 2014.	independent monitoring; lot quality assurance sampling; mobile phones; poliovirus	Article; clinical protocol; endemic disease; health care delivery; health care quality; health program; health survey; human; immunization; information processing; lot quality assurance sampling; poliomyelitis; practice guideline; vaccination; health services research; immunization; immunology; lot quality assurance sampling; poliomyelitis; procedures; utilization; poliomyelitis vaccine; Health Services Research; Humans; Immunization, Secondary; Lot Quality Assurance Sampling; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus Vaccines	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942921309	JMS: An open source workflow management system and web-based cluster front-end for high performance computing	Brown D.K., Penkler D.L., Musyoka T.M., Bishop O.T.	2015	PLoS ONE	10	8	10.1371/journal.pone.0134273	Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Brown, D.K., Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Penkler, D.L., Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Musyoka, T.M., Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Bishop, O.T., Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Complex computational pipelines are becoming a staple of modern scientific research. Often these pipelines are resource intensive and require days of computing time. In such cases, it makes sense to run them over high performance computing (HPC) clusters where they can take advantage of the aggregated resources of many powerful computers. In addition to this, researchers often want to integrate their workflows into their own web servers. In these cases, software is needed to manage the submission of jobs from the web interface to the cluster and then return the results once the job has finished executing. We have developed the Job Management System (JMS), a workflow management system and web interface for high performance computing (HPC). JMS provides users with a user-friendly web interface for creating complex workflows with multiple stages. It integrates this workflow functionality with the resource manager, a tool that is used to control and manage batch jobs on HPC clusters. As such, JMS combines workflow management functionality with cluster administration functionality. In addition, JMS provides developer tools including a code editor and the ability to version tools and scripts. JMS can be used by researchers from any field to build and run complex computational pipelines and provides functionality to include these pipelines in external interfaces. JMS is currently being used to house a number of bioinformatics pipelines at the Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi) at Rhodes University. JMS is an open-source project and is freely available at https://github.com/RUBi-ZA/JMS. © 2015 Brown et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.	None	analytical parameters; Article; bioinformatics; cluster analysis; computer interface; computer program; data base; high performance computing cluster; information processing; Job Management System; mathematical computing; resource management; scientist; web browser; work environment; workflow	93690, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84862958822	The COL5A1 gene, ultra-marathon running performance, and range of motion	Brown J.C., Miller C.-J., Posthumus M., Schwellnus M.P., Collins M.	2011	International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance	6	4	None	Department of Human Biology, UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa	Brown, J.C., Department of Human Biology, UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa; Miller, C.-J., Department of Human Biology, UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa; Posthumus, M., Department of Human Biology, UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa; Schwellnus, M.P., Department of Human Biology, UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa; Collins, M., Department of Human Biology, UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa	Purpose: Endurance running performance is a multifactorial phenotype that is strongly associated with running economy. Sit and reach range of motion (SR ROM) is negatively associated with running economy, suggesting that reduced SR ROM is advantageous for endurance running performance. The COL5A1 gene has been associated with both endurance running performance and SR ROM in separate cohorts. The aim of this study was to investigate whether COL5A1 is associated with ultra-marathon running performance and whether this relationship could be partly explained by prerace SR ROM. Methods: Seventy-two runners (52 male, 20 female) were recruited from the 56 km Two Oceans ultra-marathon and were assessed for prerace SR ROM. The cohort was genotyped for the COL5A1 BstUI restriction fragment length polymorphism, and race times were collected after the event. Results: Participants with a TT genotype (341 ± 41 min, N = 21) completed the 56 km Two Oceans ultra-marathon significantly (P = 0.014) faster than participants with TC and CC genotypes (365 ± 39 min, N = 50). The COL5A1 genotype and age accounted for 19% of performance variance. When the cohort was divided into performance and flexibility quadrants, the T allele was significantly (P = 0.044) over-represented within the fast and inflexible quadrant. Conclusion: The COL5A1 genotype was found to be significantly associated with performance in a 56 km ultra-endurance run. This study confirms previous findings and it furthers our understanding of the relationships among ROM, COL5A1, and endurance running performance. We continue to speculate that the COL5A1 gene alters muscle-tendon stiffness. © 2011 Human Kinetics, Inc.	Athletic performance; Endurance; Genetic association; Range of motion; Running economy; Type V collagen	COL5A1 protein, human; collagen type 5; adult; analysis of variance; article; athletic performance; endurance; female; gene expression; genetic polymorphism; genetics; genotype; human; joint characteristics and functions; male; phenotype; physiology; running; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Athletic Performance; Collagen Type V; Female; Gene Expression; Genotype; Humans; Male; Phenotype; Physical Endurance; Polymorphism, Genetic; Range of Motion, Articular; Running	None
None	None	Impact of malaria and helminth infections on immunogenicity of the human papillomavirus-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in Tanzania	Brown J., Baisley K., Kavishe B., Changalucha J., Andreasen A., Mayaud P., Gumodoka B., Kapiga S., Hayes R., Watson-Jones D.	2014	Vaccine	32	5	10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.11.061	University of California, San Francisco, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco, CA, United States; University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Epidemiology, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Isamilo, Mwanza, Tanzania; Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania	Brown, J., University of California, San Francisco, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco, CA, United States, University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Epidemiology, Los Angeles, CA, United States, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Baisley, K., Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Kavishe, B., Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Changalucha, J., National Institute for Medical Research, Isamilo, Mwanza, Tanzania; Andreasen, A., Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania; Mayaud, P., Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Gumodoka, B., Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania; Kapiga, S., Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Hayes, R., Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Watson-Jones, D., Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania	Background: Endemic malaria and helminth infections in sub-Saharan Africa can act as immunological modulators and impact responses to standard immunizations. We conducted a cohort study to measure the influence of malaria and helminth infections on the immunogenicity of the bivalent HPV-16/18 vaccine. Methods: We evaluated the association between malaria and helminth infections, and HPV-16/18 antibody responses among 298 Tanzanian females aged 10-25 years enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of the HPV-16/18 vaccine. Malaria parasitaemia was diagnosed by examination of blood smears, and helminth infections were diagnosed by examination of urine and stool samples, respectively. Geometric mean antibody titres (GMT) against HPV-16/18 antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Parasitic infections were common; one-third (30.4%) of participants had a helminth infection and 10.2% had malaria parasitaemia. Overall, the vaccine induced high HPV-16/18 GMTs, and there was no evidence of a reduction in HPV-16 or HPV-18 GMT at Month 7 or Month 12 follow-up visits among participants with helminths or malaria. There was some evidence that participants with malaria had increased GMTs compared to those without malaria. Conclusions: The data show high HPV immunogenicity regardless of the presence of malaria and helminth infections. The mechanism and significance for the increase in GMT in those with malaria is unknown. © 2013 The Authors.	Helminth; HPV; Human papillomavirus; Immunogenicity; Malaria; Parasitic infection; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania; Vaccine	placebo; virus antibody; Wart virus vaccine; adolescent; adult; antibody response; antibody titer; article; blood smear; child; cohort analysis; controlled study; disease association; double blind procedure; drug safety; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; feces analysis; female; follow up; helminthiasis; human; Human papillomavirus type 16; Human papillomavirus type 18; immunogenicity; major clinical study; malaria; parasitemia; phase 3 clinical trial; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; school child; Tanzania; urinalysis; young adult; Helminth; HPV; Human papillomavirus; Immunogenicity; Malaria; Parasitic infection; Sub-Saharan Africa; Tanzania; Vaccine; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adolescent; Adult; Aluminum Hydroxide; Antibodies, Viral; Antibody Formation; Child; Double-Blind Method; Female; Helminthiasis; Human papillomavirus 16; Human papillomavirus 18; Humans; Lipid A; Malaria; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Tanzania; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53449089311	Impact of traditional medicinal plant extracts on antiretroviral drug absorption	Brown L., Heyneke O., Brown D., van Wyk J.P.H., Hamman J.H.	2008	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	119	3	10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.028	Department of Pharmacy, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), P.O. Box 218, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), P.O. Box 225, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Brown, L., Department of Pharmacy, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), P.O. Box 218, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South Africa; Heyneke, O., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), P.O. Box 225, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South Africa; Brown, D., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; van Wyk, J.P.H., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), P.O. Box 225, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South Africa; Hamman, J.H., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Ethopharmacological relevance: Traditional herbal medicines are often used for the treatment of different diseases in developing countries, especially in the rural areas where a lack of an efficient primary health care system is usually experienced. Many patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus are taking traditional herbal medicines in conjunction with their modern antiretroviral medication and drug-herb interactions can occur in these cases. Aim of the study: To investigate the effect of water extracts of two traditional medicinal plants, Hypoxis hemerocallidea and Sutherlandia frutescens as well as l-canavanine (a constituent of Sutherlandia frutescens) on the transport of nevirapine across human intestinal epithelial cells. Materials and methods: Nevirapine transport in the apical to basolateral and basolateral to apical directions across Caco-2 cell monolayers was determined alone (normal control) and in the presence of verapamil (positive control), water extracts of Hypoxis hemerocallidea and Sutherlandia frutescens and an aqueous solution of l-canavanine. The cumulative transport and apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) values were calculated and compared. Results: Nevirapine alone was substantially effluxed in the basolateral to apical direction across the intestinal epithelial cell monolayers, which was statistically significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased by addition of verapamil, Hypoxis hemerocallidea extract and the l-canavinine solution. The effect of Sutherlandia frutescens on nevirapine transport was not statistically significantly different from the control. Conclusions: Hypoxis hemerocallidea and l-canavanine interact with the efflux of nevirapine across intestinal epithelial cells and therefore can potentially increase the bioavailability of this antiretroviral drug when taken concomitantly. © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Absorption; Antiretroviral drug; Drug-herb interaction; Efflux; Hypoxis hemerocallidea; Sutherlandia frutescens	antiretrovirus agent; canavanine; Hypoxis hemerocallidea extract; nevirapine; plant extract; Sutherlandia frutescens extract; unclassified drug; verapamil; article; controlled study; drug transport; herb drug interaction; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Hypoxis; Hypoxis hemerocallidea; intestine epithelium; monolayer culture; Sutherlandia; Sutherlandia frutescens; traditional medicine; Anti-HIV Agents; Caco-2 Cells; Calcium Channel Blockers; Canavanine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Combinations; Fabaceae; Humans; Hypoxis; Intestinal Absorption; Medicine, African Traditional; Nevirapine; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; South Africa; Suspensions; Verapamil; Human immunodeficiency virus; Hypoxis hemerocallidea; Sutherlandia frutescens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875361714	Biodiversity tradeoffs and offsets in impact assessment and decision making: Can we stop the loss?	Brownlie S., King N., Treweek J.	2013	Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal	31	1	10.1080/14615517.2012.736763	deVilliers Brownlie Associates, 21 Menin Ave, Claremont, 7708, South Africa; Treweek Environmental Consultants, Devon, United Kingdom	Brownlie, S., deVilliers Brownlie Associates, 21 Menin Ave, Claremont, 7708, South Africa; King, N.; Treweek, J., Treweek Environmental Consultants, Devon, United Kingdom	The healthy functioning of ecosystems is fundamental to human wellbeing, but sustainable development policies have failed to reverse global decline in biodiversity and ecosystem services. Accepting loss of biodiversity as a tradeoff for socio-economic gains means that the global ecological deficit continues to grow, with attendant risks for human wellbeing. While impact assessment has become more effective at identifying potential impacts on biodiversity, it has generally retained a 'damage limitation' focus, rather than striving to sustain, or even enhance, important biodiversity and ecosystem services. This paper recommends changes in how biodiversity is addressed in impact assessment to avoid increasing the ecological deficit. It considers whether, and how, integration of biodiversity offsets, namely measurable conservation outcomes to compensate for significant residual loss of biodiversity, can achieve 'no net loss' outcomes for biodiversity. It also reviews some of the implementation challenges. These challenges include obtaining the information needed to assess impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services at appropriate spatial and temporal scales, and recognizing when impacts might be impossible to offset or compensate in practice, thus setting limits to tradeoffs. © 2013 Copyright IAIA.	biodiversity offsets; compensation; ecosystem services; mitigation hierarchy; tradeoffs	biodiversity; decision making; ecosystem service; environmental impact assessment; hierarchical system; nature conservation; risk assessment; trade-off	None
WoS	WOS:000298367300034	An Evaluation of the Clinical Assessments of Under-Five Febrile Children Presenting to Primary Health Facilities in Rural Ghana	Amenga-Etego, Seeba,Baiden, Frank,Bawah, Justina,Bruce, Jane,Chandramohan, Daniel,Delmini, Rupert,Gyaase, Stephaney,Owusu-Agyei, Seth,Tivura, Mathilda,Webster, Jayne	2011	PLOS ONE	6	12	10.1371/journal.pone.0028944	University of London, Kintampo Hlth Res Ctr	"Bruce, Jane: University of London","Chandramohan, Daniel: University of London","Webster, Jayne: University of London",	Background: The shift to test-based management of malaria represents an important departure from established practice under the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI). The possibility of false results of tests for malaria and co-morbidity, however, make it important that guidelines in IMCI case assessment are still followed. Methods and Findings: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study to evaluate current practices in IMCI-based assessment of febrile children in 10 health centres and 5 district hospitals, with follow up of a subset of children to determine day 7-10 post-treatment clinical outcome. Clinical consultation, examination and prescribing practices were recorded using a checklist by trained non-medical observers. The facility case management of 1,983 under-five years old febrile children was observed and 593 followed up at home on days 5-10. The mean number of tasks performed from the 11 tasks expected to be done by the IMCI guidelines was 6 (SD 1.6). More than 6 tasks were performed in only 35% of children and this varied substantially between health facilities (range 3-85%). All 11 tasks were performed in only 1% of children. The most commonly performed tasks were temperature measurement (91%) and weighing (88%). Respiratory rate was checked in only 4% of children presenting with cough or difficulty in breathing. The likelihood of performing "better than average number of tasks" (&gt; 6) was higher when the consultation was done by medical assistants than doctors (O.R. = 3.16, 1.02-9.20). The number of tasks performed during assessment did not, however, influence clinical outcome (O.R. = 1.02, 0.83-1.24). Conclusion: Facility-tailored interventions are needed to improve adherence to IMCI guidelines incorporating test-based management of malaria. Studies are needed to re-evaluate the continued validity of tasks defined in IMCI case assessment guidelines.	,"AFRICAN CHILDREN","CHILDHOOD ILLNESS IMCI",DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,"INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT",MALARIA,PNEUMONIA,QUALITY,SETTINGS,TANZANIA,WORKERS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925627799	Constructions of disability (ancient and modern): The impact of religious beliefs on the experience of disability	Bruce P.	2010	Neotestamentica	44	2	None	University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Bruce, P., University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	This paper focuses on the evidence provided by certain texts about the lives of people with disabilities in ancient Greek and Jewish societies, and the extent to which religious beliefs impacted on their experience in daily life. It aims to provide an historical background against which to consider some aspects of the NT accounts of the healing miracles, and then proceeds to investigate some of the ways in which the relevant NT texts have been received in different contexts in society today. © 2010 New Testament Society of South Africa.	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000300686600016	Assessing the impact of a school-based water treatment, hygiene and sanitation programme on pupil absence in Nyanza Province, Kenya: a cluster-randomized trial	Brumback, Babette,Dreibelbis, Robert,Freeman, Matthew C.,Greene, Leslie E.,Muga, Richard,Rheingans, Richard,Saboori, Shadi	2012	TROPICAL MEDICINE &amp; INTERNATIONAL HEALTH	17	3	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02927.x	Emory University, Florida State University System, Johns Hopkins University, University of Florida, University of London, Great Lakes Univ Kisumu, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine	"Brumback, Babette: Florida State University System","Brumback, Babette: University of Florida","Greene, Leslie E.: Emory University","Rheingans, Richard: Florida State University System","Rheingans, Richard: University of Florida","Saboori, Shadi: Emory University",	Objectives There has been increased attention to access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) at schools in developing countries, but a dearth of empirical studies on the impact. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial of school-based WASH on pupil absence in Nyanza Province, Kenya, from 2007 to 2008. METHODS Public primary schools nested in three geographical strata were randomly assigned and allocated to one of three study arms [ water treatment and hygiene promotion (WT &amp; HP), additional sanitation improvement, or control] to assess the effects on pupil absence at 2-year follow-up. results We found no overall effect of the intervention on absence. However, among schools in two of the geographical areas not affected by post-election violence, those that received WT and HP showed a 58% reduction in the odds of absence for girls (OR 0.42, CI 0.21-0.85). In the same strata, sanitation improvement in combination with WT and HP resulted in a comparable drop in absence, although results were marginally significant (OR 0.47, 0.21-1.05). Boys were not impacted by the intervention. conclusion School WASH improvements can improve school attendance for girls, and mechanisms for gendered impacts should be explored. Incomplete intervention compliance highlights the challenges of achieving consistent results across all settings.	ABSENCE,HYGIENE,SANITATION,"sanitation and hygiene",SCHOOL,WATER,"WATER TREATMENT",ABSENTEEISM,ATTENDANCE,CHILDREN,HEALTH,INFECTIONS,INTERVENTIONS,POLLUTION,PROMOTION,RISK,"WESTERN KENYA"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955030442	Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall products: The effects on gut morphology and performance of broiler chickens	Brümmer M., van Rensburg C.J., Moran C.A.	2010	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	40	1	None	Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; North American Biosciences Centre, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY, United States	Brümmer, M., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; van Rensburg, C.J., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Moran, C.A., Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa, North American Biosciences Centre, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY, United States	The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Bio-Mos® (Alltech Inc.), with or without the addition of a soluble mannan (MRF) (Alltech Inc.) on gastrointestinal health and performance of broiler chickens. A trial was conducted using seven different dietary treatments. It consisted of a negative control, 2 levels of Bio-Mos® (2 g/kg and 4 g/kg), 2 levels of MRF (0.1 g/kg and 0.2 g/kg) and 2 treatments combining the cell wall preparations (2 g/kg Bio-Mos® + 0.1 g/kg MRF and 4 g/kg Bio-Mos® + 0.2 g/kg MRF). Day-old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to the seven treatments and the trial extended over a 15 day period, upon which two chicks from each replicate were sacrificed and ileum samples taken. Results showed that the cell wall preparations had a numerically positive, but statistically non significant effect on feed conversion ratios. Histology results revealed significantly greater goblet cell densities and sizes for chicks receiving cell wall preparations than those of the control treatment chicks, while villi width and height measurements indicated no differences between treatments. From the results of this study it appears as if yeast cell wall preparations can contribute to the gastrointestinal health and performance of broiler chickens by affecting mucus secreting goblet cells in a favourable manner. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Goblet cells; Growth rate; Villi width and height; Yeast	Gallus gallus; Saccharomyces cerevisiae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-51449086024	Fusion of heterogeneous speaker recognition systems in the STBU submission for the NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluation 2006	Brümmer N., Burget L., Černocký J.H., Glembek O., Grézl F., Karafiát M., Van Leeuwen D.A., Matějka P., Schwarz P., Strasheim A.	2007	IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing	15	7	10.1109/TASL.2007.902870	Spescom DataVoice, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa; FIT, Faculty of Information Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno 612 66, Czech Republic; TNO Human Factors, 3769 ZG Soesterberg, Netherlands; Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa	Brümmer, N., Spescom DataVoice, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa; Burget, L., FIT, Faculty of Information Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno 612 66, Czech Republic; Černocký, J.H., FIT, Faculty of Information Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno 612 66, Czech Republic; Glembek, O., FIT, Faculty of Information Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno 612 66, Czech Republic; Grézl, F., FIT, Faculty of Information Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno 612 66, Czech Republic; Karafiát, M., FIT, Faculty of Information Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno 612 66, Czech Republic; Van Leeuwen, D.A., TNO Human Factors, 3769 ZG Soesterberg, Netherlands; Matějka, P., FIT, Faculty of Information Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno 612 66, Czech Republic; Schwarz, P., FIT, Faculty of Information Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno 612 66, Czech Republic; Strasheim, A., Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa	This paper describes and discusses the "STBU" speaker recognition system, which performed well in the NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluation 2006 (SRE). STBU is a consortium of four partners: Spescom DataVoice (Stellenbosch, South Africa), TNO (Soesterberg, The Netherlands), BUT (Brno, Czech Republic), and the University of Stellenbosch (Stellenbosch, South Africa). The STBU system was a combination of three main kinds of subsystems: 1) GMM, with short-time Mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) or perceptual linear prediction (PLP) features, 2) Gaussian mixture model-support vector machine (GMM-SVM), using GMM mean supervectors as input to an SVM, and 3) maximum-likelihood linear regression-support vector machine (MLLR-SVM), using MLLR speaker adaptation coefficients derived from an English large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) system. All subsystems made use of supervector subspace channel compensation methods-either eigenchannel adaptation or nuisance attribute projection. We document the design and performance of all subsystems, as well as their fusion and calibration via logistic regression. Finally, we also present a cross-site fusion that was done with several additional systems from other NIST SRE-2006 participants. © 2006 IEEE.	Eigenchannel; Fusion; Gaussian mixture model (GMM); Nuisance attribute projection (NAP); Speaker recognition; Support vector machine (SVM)	Eigenchannel; Fusion; Gaussian mixture model (GMM); Nuisance attribute projection (NAP); Speaker recognition; Support vector machine (SVM); Communication channels (information theory); Continuous speech recognition; Image retrieval; Magnetostrictive devices; Maximum likelihood; Mixtures; Object recognition; Trellis codes; Vectors; Support vector machines	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70049113799	Impact of select immunologic and virologic biomarkers on CD4 cell count decrease in patients with chronic HIV-1 subtype C infection: Results from sinikthemba cohort, Durban, South Africa	Brumme Z., Wang B., Nair K., Brumme C., De Pierres C., Reddy S., Julg B., Moodley E., Thobakgale C., Lu Z., Van Der Stok M., Bishop K., Mncube Z., Chonco F., Yuki Y., Frahm N., Brander C., Carrington M., Freedberg K., Kiepiela P., Goulder P., Walker B., N	2009	Clinical Infectious Diseases	49	6	10.1086/605503	Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Durban, South Africa; Program HIV Outcomes Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States; HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom; Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States; Program in HIV Epidemiology and Outcomes Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St., Boston, MA 02114, United States	Brumme, Z., Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Durban, South Africa; Wang, B., Program HIV Outcomes Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States; Nair, K., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Brumme, C., Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Durban, South Africa; De Pierres, C., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Reddy, S., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Julg, B., Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Durban, South Africa, HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Moodley, E., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Thobakgale, C., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Lu, Z., Program HIV Outcomes Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States; Van Der Stok, M., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Bishop, K., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Mncube, Z., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Chonco, F., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Yuki, Y., Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, United States; Frahm, N., Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Durban, South Africa; Brander, C., Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Durban, South Africa; Carrington, M., Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, United States; Freedberg, K., Program HIV Outcomes Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States; Kiepiela, P., HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Goulder, P., Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Durban, South Africa, HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa, Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom; Walker, B., Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Durban, South Africa, HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, United States; Ndung'u, T., Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, Durban, South Africa, HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZuluNatal, Durban, South Africa; Losina, E., Program HIV Outcomes Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States, Program in HIV Epidemiology and Outcomes Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St., Boston, MA 02114, United States	Background. The extent to which immunologic and clinical biomarkers influence human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection outcomes remains incompletely characterized, particularly for non-B subtypes. On the basis of data supporting in vitro HIV-1 protein-specific CD8 T lymphocyte responses as correlates of immune control in cross-sectional studies, we assessed the relationship of these responses, along with established HIV-I biomarkers, with rates of CD4 cell count decrease in individuals infected with HIV-1 subtype C. Methods. Bivariate and multivariate mixed-effects models were used to assess the relationship of baseline CD4 cell count, plasma viral load, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles, and HIV-1 protein-specific CD8 T cell responses with the rate of CD4 cell count decrease in a longitudinal population-based cohort of 300 therapynaive, chronically infected adults with baseline CD4 cell counts &gt;200 cells/mm3 and plasma viral loads &gt;500 copies/ mL over a median of 25 months of follow-up. Results. In bivariate analyses, baseline CD4 cell count, plasma viral load, and possession of a protective HLA allele correlated significantly with the rate of CD4 cell count decrease. No relationship was observed between HIV1 protein-specific CD8 T cell responses and CD4 cell count decrease. Results from multivariate models incorporating baseline CD4 cell counts (201-350 vs &gt;350 cells/mm3), plasma viral load («100,000 vs &gt;100,000 copies/mL), and HLA (protective vs not protective) yielded the ability to discriminate CD4 cell count decreases over a 10-fold range. The fastest decrease was observed among individuals with CD4 cell counts &gt;350 cells/mm3 and plasma viral loads &gt;100,000 copies/mL with no protective HLA alleles ( -59 cells/mm3 per year), whereas the slowest decrease was observed among individuals with CD4 cell counts 201-350 cells/mm3, plasma viral loads «100,000 copies/ mL, and a protective HLA allele (-6 cells/mm3 per year). Conclusions. The combination of plasma viral load and HLA class I type, but not in vitro HIV-I proteinspecific CD8 T cell responses, differentiates rates of CD4 cell count decrease in patients with chronic subtype-C infection better than either marker alone. © 2009 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.	None	HLA antigen class 1; virus protein; adult; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; CD8+ T lymphocyte; chronic disease; clinical assessment; clinical feature; controlled study; female; gene frequency; HLA system; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection; major clinical study; male; priority journal; South Africa; T lymphocyte activation; virus load; virus typing; Adult; Alleles; Biological Markers; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; CD4-CD8 Ratio; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cohort Studies; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; HLA Antigens; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Predictive Value of Tests; South Africa; Viral Load	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876468432	Transbronchial fine needle aspiration biopsy and rapid on-site evaluation in the setting of superior vena cava syndrome	Brundyn K., Koegelenberg C.F.N., Diacon A.H., Louw M., Schubert P., Bolliger C.T., Van Den Heuvel M.M., Wright C.A.	2013	Diagnostic Cytopathology	41	4	10.1002/dc.21857	Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa	Brundyn, K., Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; Koegelenberg, C.F.N., Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Diacon, A.H., Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Louw, M., Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; Schubert, P., Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; Bolliger, C.T., Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Van Den Heuvel, M.M., Department of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Wright, C.A., Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, P O Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa	There is a paucity of prospective data on flexible bronchoscopy with rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) in the setting of superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. The aims of this prospective study were to assess the diagnostic yield and safety of these investigations and specifically to evaluate the role of ROSE in limiting the need for tissue biopsies. Over a 5-year period 48 patients (57.4 ± 9.7 years) with SVC syndrome secondary to intrathoracic tumors underwent flexible bronchoscopy with TBNA and ROSE. Endobronchial Forceps biopsy was reserved for visible endobronchial tumors with no on-site confirmation of diagnostic material. ROSE confirmed diagnostic material in 41 cases (85.4%), and in only one of the remaining cases did the addition of a forceps biopsy increase the diagnostic yield (overall diagnostic yield of 87.5%). No serious complications were noted. The final diagnoses made included nonsmall lung cancer (n = 27), small cell lung cancer (n = 16), and metastatic carcinoma (n = 3). Two undiagnosed cases died of suspected advanced neoplasms (unknown primary tumors). We conclude that TBNA has a high diagnostic yield and is safe in the setting of SVC syndrome. With the addition of ROSE, tissue biopsy is required in the minority of cases. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.	bronchogenic carcinoma; rapid on-site evaluation; superior vena cava syndrome; transbronchial fine needle aspiration biopsy	adult; advanced cancer; aged; article; breast carcinoma; bronchoscopy; clinical article; clinical evaluation; diagnostic value; female; fine needle aspiration biopsy; human; lung non small cell cancer; lung small cell cancer; male; metastasis; priority journal; prospective study; prostate carcinoma; rapid on site evaluation; superior cava vein syndrome; thorax tumor; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; cell nucleus; evaluation study; fine needle aspiration biopsy; middle aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; nuclear shape; procedures; sensitivity and specificity; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome; Aged; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Bronchoscopy; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Cell Nucleus; Cell Nucleus Shape; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome	None
None	None	Getting antimalarials on target: Impact of national roll-out of malaria rapid diagnostic tests on health facility treatment in three regions of Tanzania	Bruxvoort K., Kalolella A., Nchimbi H., Festo C., Taylor M., Thomson R., Cairns M., Thwing J., Kleinschmidt I., Goodman C., Kachur S.P.	2013	Tropical Medicine and International Health	18	10	10.1111/tmi.12168	London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Malaria Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States	Bruxvoort, K., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kalolella, A., Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Nchimbi, H., Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Festo, C., Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Taylor, M., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Thomson, R., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Cairns, M., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Thwing, J., Malaria Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States; Kleinschmidt, I., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Goodman, C., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Kachur, S.P., Malaria Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States	Objectives: Parasitological confirmation of malaria prior to treatment is recommended for patients of all ages, with malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) an important tool to target artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) to patients with malaria. To evaluate the impact on case management practices of routine government implementation of mRDTs, we conducted large-scale health facility surveys in three regions of Tanzania before and after mRDT roll-out. Methods: Febrile patients at randomly selected health facilities were interviewed about care received at the facility, and blood samples were collected for reference blood smears. Health facility staff were interviewed about their qualifications and availability of malaria diagnostics and drugs. Results: The percentage of febrile patients tested for malaria at the facility increased from 15.8% in 2010 to 54.9% in 2012. ACTs were obtained by 65.8% of patients positive by reference blood smear in 2010 and by 50.2% in 2012 (P = 0.0675); no antimalarial was obtained by 57.8% of malaria-negative patients in 2010 and by 82.3% in 2012 (P < 0.0001). Overall, ACT use decreased (39.9-21.3%, P < 0.0001) and antibiotic use increased (31.2-48.5%, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Roll-out of mRDTs in Tanzania dramatically improved diagnostic testing for malaria and reduced overuse of ACTs for patients without parasitemia. However, post-roll-out almost 50% of febrile patients did not receive a diagnostic test, and almost 50% of patients testing positive did not receive ACTs. Stock-outs of ACTs and mRDTs were important problems. Further investigation is needed to determine reasons for not providing ACTs to patients with malaria and potential for inappropriate antibiotic use. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.	Antibiotic use; Artemisinin-based combination therapie; Drug stock-outs; Implementation; Malaria; Malaria rapid diagnostic test; Tanzania	amoxicillin; artemether plus benflumetol; artemisinin; cotrimoxazole; blood; drug; drug prescribing; health risk; health services; health survey; malaria; adult; article; blood smear; case management; diagnostic test; female; fever; health care facility; health care survey; human; interview; major clinical study; malaria; malaria rapid test; male; Tanzania; antibiotic use; artemisinin-based combination therapie; drug stock-outs; implementation; malaria; malaria rapid diagnostic test; Tanzania; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antimalarials; Child; Child, Preschool; Community Health Services; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Female; Health Personnel; Humans; Infant; Malaria; Male; Middle Aged; Parasitemia; Tanzania; Young Adult; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952508849	Towards assessing the social sustainability performance of the petroleum industry in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria	Bubou G.M., Brent A.C., Tredoux C.	2009	South African Journal of Industrial Engineering	20	1	None	Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Resource Based Sustainable Development, NRE, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa	Bubou, G.M., Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Brent, A.C., Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, South Africa, Resource Based Sustainable Development, NRE, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa; Tredoux, C., Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Unresolved social issues between the local community and the petroleum industry plague the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. These concerns are addressed by introducing a social sustainability assessment framework for the petroleum industry. Key performance indicators (KPIs) are identified, through a stakeholders' engagement process, for social performance measurement purposes. A five-year time-frame is proposed for the periodic assessment of the state of social sustainability. It is recommended that the petroleum industry make the accounting of social sustainability performance measures a priority before beginning projects, especially greenfield projects, since this can assist in resolving the volatility in the region.	None	Greenfield project; Key performance indicators; Local community; Niger Delta; Periodic assessment; Social issues; Social performance; Social sustainability; Benchmarking; Sustainable development	None
None	None	Yield performance and adaptation of four sorghum cultivars in Igunga and Nzega districts of Tanzania	Bucheyeki T.L., Shenkalwa E.M., Mapunda T.X., Matata L.W.	2010	Communications in Biometry and Crop Science	5	1	None	University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Tumbi Agricultural Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 306, Tabora, Tanzania	Bucheyeki, T.L., University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Shenkalwa, E.M., Tumbi Agricultural Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 306, Tabora, Tanzania; Mapunda, T.X., Tumbi Agricultural Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 306, Tabora, Tanzania; Matata, L.W., Tumbi Agricultural Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 306, Tabora, Tanzania	Sorghum plays a significant role for the smallholder farmers of Tanzania. It is the chief source of food and income for majority of Tanzanians but yields are low and crop management lacking leading to smallholder food and income insecurity. An experiment was conducted in the Nzega and Igunga districts of Tabora to compare improved cultivars Tegemeo, Pato and Macia to the commonly used landrace Wilu for adaptation and yield, assess farmers' preferences, and assess the economic potential of improved sorghum cultivars. Cultivar performance was measured for three seasons in a randomized complete block design with three replications per location. Tegemeo out-yielded other cultivars and had high average yields (2580 kg ha -1). Wilu had the lowest yield (1460 kg ha -1) but had consistent yields across environments. Ninety farmers developed seven criteria for cultivars assessments. Results of the farmers' rankings indicated Tegemeo was the best cultivar and recommended it be grown in the area. An economic analysis indicated the potential of doubling sorghum grain yield from 1000 to 2000 kg ha -1 and income from 525,600 to 928,800 TSh ha -1. The combined statistical, farmers assessment and economic analysis showed changing order of importance of some cultivars which draws attention to breeders and policy makers on the importance of farmer's indigenous technical knowledge acknowledgement and participatory plant breeding in cultivars selection. © CBCS 2010.	Adaptation; Economic analysis; Farmer's assessment; Sorghum bicolour; Yield	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750475184	Evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner as an alternative control of small hive beetles, Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)	Buchholz S., Neumann P., Merkel K., Hepburn H.R.	2006	Journal of Pest Science	79	4	10.1007/s10340-006-0141-x	Institut für Zoologie, Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg 06099 Halle, Germany; Swiss Bee Research Centre, Swiss Federal Research Station for Animal Production and Dairy Products (ALP), CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, 6140 Grahamstown, South Africa; Eastern Bee research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China	Buchholz, S., Institut für Zoologie, Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg 06099 Halle, Germany; Neumann, P., Swiss Bee Research Centre, Swiss Federal Research Station for Animal Production and Dairy Products (ALP), CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, 6140 Grahamstown, South Africa, Eastern Bee research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China; Merkel, K., Institut für Zoologie, Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg 06099 Halle, Germany; Hepburn, H.R., Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, 6140 Grahamstown, South Africa, Eastern Bee research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China	Small hive beetles, Aethina tumida Murray, are parasites and scavengers of honeybee colonies, Apis mellifera L., and have become an invasive species that can cause considerable damage in its new distribution areas. An effective subspecies of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (=Bt) would provide an alternative to chemical control of this pest. Therefore, we tested three different Bt strains [B. thuringiensis, var. aizawai (B401®), B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Novodor®) and B. thuringiensis var. San Diego tenebrionis (Jackpot®)] and Perizin® (3.2% coumaphos), each applied on combs with a pollen diet fed to pairs of adult beetles. This evaluates the products for the suppression of successful small hive beetle reproduction. While none of the tested Bt strains showed a significant effect on the number of produced wandering larvae, we could confirm the efficacy of coumaphos for the control of small hive beetles. We further show that it is also efficient when applied with a lower concentration as a liquid on the combs. We suggest the continued search for efficient Bt strains naturally infesting small hive beetles in its endemic and new ranges, which may become a part of the integrated management of this pest. © Springer-Verlag 2006.	Aethina tumida; Bacillus thuringiensis; Coumaphos; Honeybee; Integrated pest management; Small hive beetle	beetle; honeybee; integrated pest management; Aethina tumida; Apis mellifera; Bacillus thuringiensis; Bacillus thuringiensis serovar berliner; Coleoptera; Nitidulidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926365570	Evaluation of two influenza surveillance systems in South Africa	Budgell E., Cohen A.L., McAnerney J., Walaza S., Madhi S.A., Blumberg L., Dawood H., Kahn K., Tempia S., Venter M., Cohen C.	2015	PLoS ONE	10	3	10.1371/journal.pone.0120226	Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States; Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation:Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Hospital Complex and University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa; CTS Global, Inc., Los Angeles, United States; Zoonoses Research Unit, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Schools of Public Health and Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Budgell, E., Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa; Cohen, A.L., Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States, Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; McAnerney, J., Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa; Walaza, S., Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa; Madhi, S.A., Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation:Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Blumberg, L., Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa; Dawood, H., Department of Medicine, Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Hospital Complex and University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa; Kahn, K., MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tempia, S., Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States, Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa, CTS Global, Inc., Los Angeles, United States; Venter, M., Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa, Zoonoses Research Unit, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Cohen, C., Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa, Schools of Public Health and Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background: The World Health Organisation recommends outpatient influenza-like illness (ILI) and inpatient severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) surveillance. We evaluated two influenza surveillance systems in South Africa: one for ILI and another for SARI. Methodology: The Viral Watch (VW) programme has collected virological influenza surveillance data voluntarily from patients with ILI since 1984 in private and public clinics in all 9 South African provinces. The SARI surveillance programme has collected epidemiological and virological influenza surveillance data since 2009 in public hospitals in 4 provinces by dedicated personnel. We compared nine surveillance system attributes from 2009-2012. Results: We analysed data from 18,293 SARI patients and 9,104 ILI patients. The annual proportion of samples testing positive for influenza was higher for VW (mean 41%) than SARI (mean 8%) and generally exceeded the seasonal threshold from May to September (VW: weeks 21-40; SARI: weeks 23-39). Data quality was a major strength of SARI (most data completion measures >90%; adherence to definitions: 88-89%) and a relative weakness of the VW programme (62% of forms complete, with limited epidemiologic data collected; adherence to definitions: 65-82%). Timeliness was a relative strength of both systems (e.g. both collected >93% of all respiratory specimens within 7 days of symptom onset). ILI surveillance was more nationally representative, financially sustainable and expandable than the SARI system. Though the SARI programme is not nationally representative, the high quality and detail of SARI data collection sheds light on the local burden and epidemiology of severe influenza-associated disease. Conclusions: To best monitor influenza in South Africa, we propose that both ILI and SARI should be under surveillance. Improving ILI surveillance will require better quality and more systematic data collection, and SARI surveillance should be expanded to be more nationally representative, even if this requires scaling back on information gathered. © 2015, Public Library of Science. All rights reserved.	None	Article; controlled study; disease surveillance; flu like syndrome; health survey; human; influenza; major clinical study; program acceptability; seasonal variation; sensitivity and specificity; severe acute respiratory syndrome; South Africa; strain identification; system analysis; virus strain	None
WoS	WOS:000290456100010	Impact of implementation of free high-quality health care on health facility attendance by sick children in rural western Kenya	Adazu, Kubaje,Bigogo, Godfrey,Breiman, Robert F.,Buehler, James,Burgert, Clara R.,Feikin, Daniel R.,Hamel, Mary J.,Laserson, Kayla,Odhiambo, Frank	2011	TROPICAL MEDICINE &amp; INTERNATIONAL HEALTH	16	6	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02752.x	Emory University, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr	"Buehler, James: Emory University","Burgert, Clara R.: Emory University",	P&gt;Objectives To explore whether implementation of free high-quality care as part of research programmes resulted in greater health facility attendance by sick children. Methods As part of the Intermittent Preventive Treatment for Malaria in Infants (IPTi), begun in 2004, and population-based infectious disease surveillance (PBIDS), begun in 2005 in Asembo, rural western Kenya, free high-quality care was offered to infants and persons of all ages, respectively, at one Asembo facility, Lwak Hospital. We compared rates of sick-child visits by children &lt; 10 years to all seven Asembo clinics before and after implementation of free high-quality care in 10 intervention villages closest to Lwak Hospital and 8 nearby comparison villages not participating in the studies. Incidence rates and rate ratios for sick-child visits were compared between intervention and comparison villages by time period using Poisson regression. Results After IPTi began, the rate of sick-child visits for infants, the study's target group, in intervention villages increased by 191% (95% CI 75-384) more than in comparison villages, but did not increase significantly more in older children. After PBIDS began, the rate of sick-child visits in intervention villages increased by 267% (95% CI 76-661) more than that in comparison villages for all children &lt; 10 years. The greatest increases in visit rates in intervention villages occurred 3-6 months after the intervention started. Visits for cough showed greater increases than visits for fever or diarrhoea. Conclusions Implementation of free high-quality care increased healthcare use by sick children. Cost and quality of care are potentially modifiable barriers to improving access to care in rural Africa.	Africa,"HEALTH SYSTEMS","health utilization",DETERMINANTS,MALARIA,MANAGEMENT,"MORBIDITY SURVEILLANCE",MORTALITY,PATTERNS,SEEKING,SERVICES,TANZANIA,VISITS	None	None
None	None	Performance of ParaHIT and OptiMAL tests in the diagnosis of Malaria in mwanza, north-western Tanzania	Buhalata S.N., Massaga J.J.	2011	Tanzania Journal of Health Research	13	1	None	National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Medical Research Centre, P.O. Box 1462, Mwanza, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 9653, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Buhalata, S.N., National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Medical Research Centre, P.O. Box 1462, Mwanza, Tanzania; Massaga, J.J., National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 9653, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are non microscopic tests that provide a rapid detection of malaria infections in infected individuals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of ParaHit and OptiMAL tests for detection of malaria infections as compared with routine microscopy. This facility-based study was carried out in Mwanza, north-western Tanzania and involved outpatients attending Igoma Health Centre. Blood samples were tested for malaria infection using the two RDTs and compared with Giemsa stained blood films examined using microscope. A total of 243 individuals (median age= 22 years) were involved in the study. Microscopy had a higher detection rate of 19.7% (48/243) as compared to ParaHit (4.5%) and OptiMAL (3.7%). Low sensitivity of 21.2% and 17%, but high specificity of 99.4% for ParaHit and OptiMAL, respectively was observed. Of all positive blood slides for Plasmodium falciparum, 78.7% had low parasite density (80-720 parasite/μl of blood). These slides were negative for malaria parasite for both RDTs. Over 80% of study participants who reported fever had negative blood slides for malaria parasites by microscopy. On the other hand, 44.7% of those who reported no fever had positive blood slides for P. falciparum. Study participants who reported to have fever and high parasite density above 720 parasite/μl were likely to be positive by both RDTs (OR= 6.8; P= 0.031529). In conclusion, the overall performance of both RDTs in detecting asexual P. falciparum was low as compared to microscopy and their performance were highly affected by parasite density. This calls for further evaluation studies before RDTs are widely used in peripheral health facilities in order to minimize potential severe consequences.	Malaria; Microscopy; Rapid diagnostic test; Sensitivity; Specificity; Tanzania	adolescent; adult; aged; article; blood examination; child; controlled study; cross-sectional study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test; diagnostic test accuracy study; false negative result; false positive result; female; fever; Giemsa stain; human; infant; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; malaria; male; microscopy; parasite identification; parasite prevalence; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium ovale; predictive value; preschool child; rapid diagnostic test; school child; sensitivity and specificity; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957877665	Evaluation of the antimalarial potential of Vernonia ambigua kotschy and peyr (Asteraceae)	Builders M.I., Wannang N.N., Ajoku G.A., Builders P.F., Onsadipe A., Aguiyi J.C.	2011	International Journal of Pharmacology	7	2	10.3923/ijp.2011.238.247	Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences, Bingham University, Jos, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria; Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pha	Builders, M.I., Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical Sciences, Bingham University, Jos, Nigeria; Wannang, N.N., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria; Ajoku, G.A., Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development Idu, Abuja, Nigeria; Builders, P.F., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Materials Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development Idu, Abuja, Nigeria; Onsadipe, A., Department of Medicinal Plant Research and Traditional medicine, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development Idu, Abuja, Nigeria; Aguiyi, J.C., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria	Some traditional medicine practitioners in Nigeria have claimed the use of the decoction of the whole plant of Vernonia ambigua for the management of malaria. The aim of this study is to authenticate the antimalarial potential of this plant by evaluating its antiplasmodial activities. The freeze-dried decoctions of the whole plant of V. ambigua were used for the study. The phytochemical components and antioxidant activity using 2, 2-Diphenyl-l-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) were determined. The oral median lethal dose (LD50) and in vivo antiplasmodial activity were determined in Swiss albino mice. Different doses of the extract (50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg kg-1 PO) were administered to the mice infected with 1×177 Plasmodium berghei berghei. Four days suppressive and curative effects against established infections as well as prophylactic activities were evaluated. The in vitro antiplasmodial activity was carried out on Plasmodium falciparum using different concentrations of the decoction. The decoction showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, sterols, phenols and reducing sugars and a moderate antioxidant activity. The LD50 was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg kg-1. Effective dose dependent inhibitions of parasitaemia were observed in the suppressive, curative and prophylactic tests. The in vitro screening also showed a moderate antiplasmodial activity (31.62 μg mL-1&lt;IC50&lt;50 μg mL-1). The effective antiplasmodial activities of V. ambigua could be attributed to its content of certain phytochemicals and may partly explain its use for the treatment of malaria. © 2011 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Antioxidant property; Antiplasmodial activity; Oral median lethal dose; Phytochemical components; Vernonia ambigua	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; alkaloid; anthraquinone derivative; ascorbic acid; chloroquine; essential oil; flavonoid; phenol derivative; plant extract; plant resin; saponin derivative; sterol derivative; sugar; tannin derivative; terpene derivative; unclassified drug; Vernonia ambigua extract; animal experiment; animal model; antimalarial activity; antioxidant activity; aqueous solution; article; blood sampling; controlled study; dose response; drug dose comparison; drug isolation; drug mechanism; drug screening; freeze drying; human; human cell; in vitro study; in vivo study; LD 50; lethal dose; mouse; nonhuman; phytochemistry; Plasmodium berghei infection; Plasmodium falciparum; survival time; toxicity testing; Vernonia; Vernonia ambigua	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-54949118686	Preparation and evaluation of mucinated sodium alginate microparticles for oral delivery of insulin	Builders P.F., Kunle O.O., Okpaku L.C., Builders M.I., Attama A.A., Adikwu M.U.	2008	European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics	70	3	10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.06.021	Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Material Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Un	Builders, P.F., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Material Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Kunle, O.O., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw Material Development, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Okpaku, L.C., School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, United Kingdom; Builders, M.I., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Attama, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Adikwu, M.U., Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Effective oral insulin delivery remains a challenge to the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, insulin-loaded microparticles for oral delivery were prepared with mucin and sodium alginate combined at different ratios using a novel method based on polymer coacervation and diffusion filling. Some physical characteristics of the various insulin-loaded microparticles such as particle size, morphology and compressibility indices were determined. The microparticles were filled into hard gelatin capsules and the in vitro insulin release as well as the blood glucose reduction after oral administration to diabetic rabbits were determined. The microparticles formed were generally multi-particulate, discrete and free flowing. Before insulin loading, microparticles were round and smooth, becoming fluffier, less spherical and larger with rough and pitted surface after insulin loading. The insulin content of the microparticles increased with increase in their sodium alginate content. The various insulin-loaded microparticles prepared with the mucinated sodium alginate when encapsulated exhibited lag time before insulin release. The time taken to reach maximum insulin release from the various formulations varied with the mucin-sodium alginate ratio mix. The mean dissolution time of insulin from the microparticles prepared with sodium alginate, mucin, sodium alginate: mucin ratios of 1:1, 3:1 and 1:3 was 11.21 ± 0.75, 3.3 ± 0.42, 6.69 ± 023, 8.52 ± 0.95 and 3.48 ± 0.65 (min.), respectively. The percentage blood glucose reduction for the subcutaneously administered insulin was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than for the formulations. The blood glucose reduction effect produced by the orally administered insulin-loaded microparticles prepared with three parts of sodium alginate and one part of mucin after 5 h was, however, equal to that produced by the subcutaneously administered insulin solution, an indication that it is an effective alternative for the delivery of insulin. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Blood glucose reduction; Insulin release; Microparticles; Mucin; Oral administration; Sodium alginate	alginic acid; drug carrier; gelatin; glucose; insulin; microparticle; mucin; polymer; unclassified drug; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; coacervation; controlled study; diabetes mellitus; diffusion; drug effect; drug release; drug solubility; drug synthesis; evaluation; glucose blood level; nonhuman; particle size; rabbit; Administration, Oral; Alginates; Animals; Blood Glucose; Capsules; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Drug Carriers; Drug Compounding; Gelatin; Glucuronic Acid; Hexuronic Acids; Hypoglycemic Agents; Injections, Subcutaneous; Insulin; Mucins; Particle Size; Rabbits; Solubility; Surface Properties; Technology, Pharmaceutical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40549111622	Evaluation of the controlled release potential of Adansonia digitata mucilage: A super gel forming polymer	Builders P.F., Okeke U., Egieye A.S.	2007	Journal of Phytomedicine and Therapeutics	12	None	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria	Builders, P.F., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Okeke, U., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria; Egieye, A.S., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria	The suitability of A. digitata mucilage (ADM) as an excipient in the formulation of matrix tablets, the mechanism and kinetics of drug delivery were studied. Aminophyline was the prototype drug while these properties were compared to those of HPMC and Cp. ADM was used at concentration levels of 10, 15 and 30% of the tablet weight while HPMC and Cp were used at 30% concentration. The tablet friability, attrition and dissolution characteristics were evaluated. All the tablets formulated showed good physical properties. The ADM matrix tablets showed similar drug release and attrition pattern to those of Cp in both SIF and SGF. Generally the drug release retardation efficiency of the ADM tablets at equal polymer concentration was higher than those of Cp but less than that of HPMC in both SGF and SIF. The mechanism of release of aminophyline from ADM as in Cp and HPMC was by diffusion.	Adansonia digitata mucilage; Carbopol; Hydroxymethylpropylcellulose; Matrix tablets	Adansonia digitata extract; hydroxypropylmethylcellulose; polymer; Adansonia; article; concentration (parameters); controlled release formulation; dissolution; drug delivery system; drug formulation; drug release; gel; nonhuman; tablet	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896817602	Phytochemicals and antibacterial evaluation of root bark extract of Terminalia glaucescens	Bulama J.S., Dangoggo S.M., Bwala Y.A., Abah J.O.	2014	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science	4	2	10.7324/JAPS.2014.40221	Dept. of pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Dept. of Pharmaceutics and pharmaceuticals Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Dept. of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Usmanu Danfodiyo University	Bulama, J.S., Dept. of pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Dangoggo, S.M., Dept. of pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Bwala, Y.A., Dept. of Pharmaceutics and pharmaceuticals Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria; Abah, J.O., Dept. of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria	The roots bark of Terminalia glaucescens was investigated for activity against four bacterial which are two grampositive and two gram-negative. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the root bark of Terminalia glaucescens revealed the presence of steroids, terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and cardiac glycoside. The results of antibacterial test of the methanol crude extract and its fractions exhibited a wide range of activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klepselle pneumonia at 200 mg/ml but there was no activity against Bacillus cereus. Fractions inhibited the growth of E. coli, S. aureus and K. pneumonia. The fractions had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5mg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 25 mg/ml. The findings indicated that the extract and its fractions from root bark of T. glaucescens, contained bioactive components that have antibacterial properties. © 2014 JS Bulama et al.	Escherichia coli; Klepselle pneumonia; Phytochemical screening; Terminalia glaucescens	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876375217	Friction Hydro Pillar Process as an alternative repair technology for creep evaluation sites on thick-walled 10CrMo910 creep-resistant steel structures	Bulbring D.L.H., Hattingh D.G., Botes A., Odendaal D.H.	2013	Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy	113	2	None	Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa	Bulbring, D.L.H., Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa; Hattingh, D.G., Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa; Botes, A., Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa; Odendaal, D.H., Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa	The removal of a cylindrical core from thick-wall sections for creep analysis by the relatively new Weldcore® process represents a very exciting methodology for obtaining more representative creep damage data from large engineering structures. The cylindrical core that is removed, representing about 60% of the wall thickness, leaves a substantial removal site that needs to be repaired. This paper presents data pertaining to taper Friction Hydro Pillar Processing as an alternative repair technique for filling the core removal site. Process parameters were evaluated with special attention being paid to the effect of downward force on process response variables, weld defects, and mechanical properties of 10CrMo910 steel. Process temperature and torque response as well as total process energy input were also considered. This paper also assesses the static and dynamic performance of this repair technique. The influence of a varying downward force and the occurrence and position of discontinuities were quantified. Downward force was shown to have the most notable effect on weld joint dynamic performance and was found to be related to the process temperatures achieved in close proximity to the weld interface. © The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2013.	Coring; Creep damage; Downward force; Friction hydro pillar processing; Welding	Coring; Creep damages; Downward force; Engineering structures; Process parameters; Process temperature; Repair techniques; Static and dynamic performance; Chromium alloys; Creep; Friction; Mechanical properties; Tribology; Welding; Welds; Repair	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84942258758	The appropriateness of preoperative blood testing: A retrospective evaluation and cost analysis	Buley H.E., Bishop D., Rodseth R.	2015	South African Medical Journal	105	6	10.7196/SAMJ.9318	Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Perioperative Research Group, Department of Anaesthetics and Critical Care, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States	Buley, H.E., Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Bishop, D., Perioperative Research Group, Department of Anaesthetics and Critical Care, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Rodseth, R., Perioperative Research Group, Department of Anaesthetics and Critical Care, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States	Background. Inappropriate preoperative blood testing can negatively contribute to healthcare costs. Objective. To determine the extent and cost implications of inappropriate preoperative blood testing in adult patients booked for orthopaedic, general or trauma surgical procedures at a regional hospital in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa (SA). Methods. We undertook a retrospective observational study using routine clinical data collected from eligible patient charts. The appropriateness of preoperative blood tests was evaluated against locally published guidelines on testing for elective and non-elective surgery. The cost of the relevant blood tests was determined using the National Health Laboratory Service 2014 State Pricing List. Results. A total of 320 eligible patient charts were reviewed over a 4-week period. Preoperative blood testing was performed in 318 patients. There was poor compliance with current departmental guidelines, with an estimated over-expenditure of ZAR81 019. Non-compliance was particularly prevalent in younger patients, patients graded as American Society of Anesthesiologists 1 and 2, and low-risk surgery groups. Conclusion. Inappropriate preoperative blood testing is common in our hospital, particularly in low-risk patients. This is associated with an increase in healthcare costs, and highlights the need for SA doctors to become more cost-conscious in their approach to blood testing practices. © 2015, South African Medical Association. All rights reserved.	None	albumin; C reactive protein; calcium; creatinine; electrolyte; magnesium; phosphate; urea; adult; aged; Article; blood cell count; blood examination; blood gas analysis; comorbidity; cost benefit analysis; erythrocyte sedimentation rate; human; international normalized ratio; liver function test; major clinical study; middle aged; observational study; preoperative evaluation; retrospective study; South Africa; surgical technique	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956363597	Evidence of impact of maternal HIV infection on immunoglobulin levels in HIV-exposed uninfected children	Bunders M., Pembrey L., Kuijpers T., Newell M.-L.	2010	AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses	26	9	10.1089/aid.2009.0241	Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands; MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu Natal, Somkhele, South Africa	Bunders, M., Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Pembrey, L., MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Kuijpers, T., Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Newell, M.-L., MRC Centre of Epidemiology for Child Health, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu Natal, Somkhele, South Africa	HIV infection affects B cell function and is associated with increased immunoglobulin levels, including in HIV-infected pregnant women. It is unknown if maternal HIV infection affects immunoglobulins in their uninfected children. We investigated this using prospective longitudinal data from children born to HIV-infected women enrolled in the European Collaborative Study (ECS). Data from children enrolled in the European Paediatric Hepatitis C Virus Network (EPHN) were used as a comparison group. Associations between infant and maternal factors and child log10 total IgG, IgM, and IgA levels were quantified in linear regression analyses. A total of 1751 HIV-uninfected (ECS) and 167 HCV-uninfected children (EPHN) were included. HIV-uninfected children had significantly higher IgG, IgM, and IgA levels than HCV-uninfected children up to at least 24 months. Among HIV-exposed uninfected children, IgG levels from birth until 5 years of age were correlated with increased maternal IgG levels. ART exposure in fetal and early neonatal life was associated with lower IgG. These findings indicate alterations in immunoglobulin levels in uninfected children born to HIV-infected women, suggesting that fetal exposure to a chronically activated maternal immune system is associated with an altered humoral response. © 2010, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.	None	immunoglobulin A; immunoglobulin G; immunoglobulin M; immunoglobulin; adult; article; evidence based medicine; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; humoral immunity; immune system; immunoglobulin blood level; longitudinal study; major clinical study; male; newborn; pregnant woman; priority journal; prospective study; virus transmission; blood; comparative study; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; immunology; passive immunization; pregnancy; pregnancy complication; preschool child; transmission; vertical transmission; Child, Preschool; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; Immunoglobulins; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80052520147	Evaluation of ligand effects in the modified cobalt hydroformylation of 1-octene. Crystal structures of [Co(L)(CO)3]2 (L = PA-C5, PCy3 and PCyp3)	Bungu P.N., Otto S.	2011	Dalton Transactions	40	36	10.1039/c1dt10581g	Sasol Technology Research and Development, 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of the Free Sate, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Bungu, P.N., Sasol Technology Research and Development, 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa; Otto, S., Sasol Technology Research and Development, 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa, Department of Chemistry, University of the Free Sate, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	A series of phosphine ligands with different electronic and steric properties were evaluated at fully modified conditions in cobalt catalysed hydroformylation of 1-octene. The steric demand of the ligands was based on the Tolman cone angle model covering a range of 132-175°. The electron donating ability was evaluated through the first order Se-P coupling constants as determined from the corresponding phosphine selenides covering a range of 672-752 Hz. Crystal structures of three phosphine modified cobalt dimers, [Co(CO)3(L)]2 (L = PA-C5, PCy3 and PCyp3 with PA-C5 = 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-pentyl-2,4,6- trioxa-8-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane), are reported. The Phoban and Lim ligands (Phoban = mixture of 9-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1 and 4.2.1]nonane, Lim = 4,8-dimethyl-2-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) resulted in systems about twice as active as most of the other ligands investigated, these ligands have a high Lewis basicity with 1JSe-P values from 684-687 Hz. The linearity of the alcohol product in general decreased for the less electron donating ligands while no clear relationship was evident as a function of steric size. The parallel competing hydrogenation of 1-octene to octane varied from 9-15% for a cone angle range of 132-172°, but a sharp increase of up to 40% was observed for PA-C5, PCy3 and PCyp3, all with cone angles &gt; 169°. The catalytic behaviour provides evidence that is contrary to the dissociative substitution of CO by an alkene as the rate limiting step in all cases. For large symmetrical ligands, such as PA-C 5, PCy3 and PCyp3 the rate limiting step may move within the catalytic cycle and may now be situated at the carbonylation step where the chemoselectivity is also determined. The lack of clear correlation between the steric and electronic effect of the ligands and all catalytic parameters may serve as additional proof that the same system, especially in terms of the rate determining step, is not operative in all cases. The Phoban and Lim systems are superior with the highest reactivity and lowest alkene loss through hydrogenation. The unsymmetrical nature of the Phoban and Lim ligands may provide flexibility to adopt geometries inducing both high and low steric crowding, which may be a reason for its beneficial catalytic properties. © 2011 The Royal Society of Chemistry.	None	1-octene; Catalytic behaviour; Catalytic cycles; Catalytic properties; Chemo-selectivity; Cone angle; Coupling constants; Electron-donating ability; Electron-donating ligands; Electronic effects; First order; Lewis basicity; Ligand effect; Modified conditions; Phosphine ligands; Phosphine selenides; Rate determining step; Rate-limiting steps; Sharp increase; Steric crowding; Steric properties; Tolman cone angle; Carbonylation; Cobalt; Hydroformylation; Hydrogenation; Hydroxylation; Olefins; Paraffins; Phosphorus compounds; Photodissociation; Selenium compounds; Ligands	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897073950	Incentivizing Monitoring and Compliance in Trophy Hunting	Bunnefeld N., Edwards C.T.T., Atickem A., Hailu F., Milner-Gulland E.J.	2013	Conservation Biology	27	6	10.1111/cobi.12120	Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, NO-0316, Norway; Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA), P.O. Box 386, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Bunnefeld, N., Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom; Edwards, C.T.T., Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Atickem, A., Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, NO-0316, Norway; Hailu, F., Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA), P.O. Box 386, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Milner-Gulland, E.J., Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom	Conservation scientists are increasingly focusing on the drivers of human behavior and on the implications of various sources of uncertainty for management decision making. Trophy hunting has been suggested as a conservation tool because it gives economic value to wildlife, but recent examples show that overharvesting is a substantial problem and that data limitations are rife. We use a case study of trophy hunting of an endangered antelope, the mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni), to explore how uncertainties generated by population monitoring and poaching interact with decision making by 2 key stakeholders: the safari companies and the government. We built a management strategy evaluation model that encompasses the population dynamics of mountain nyala, a monitoring model, and a company decision making model. We investigated scenarios of investment into antipoaching and monitoring by governments and safari companies. Harvest strategy was robust to the uncertainty in the population estimates obtained from monitoring, but poaching had a much stronger effect on quota and sustainability. Hence, reducing poaching is in the interests of companies wishing to increase the profitability of their enterprises, for example by engaging community members as game scouts. There is a threshold level of uncertainty in the population estimates beyond which the year-to-year variation in the trophy quota prevented planning by the safari companies. This suggests a role for government in ensuring that a baseline level of population monitoring is carried out such that this level is not exceeded. Our results illustrate the importance of considering the incentives of multiple stakeholders when designing frameworks for resource use and when designing management frameworks to address the particular sources of uncertainty that affect system sustainability most heavily. © 2013 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of the Society for Conservation Biology.	Adaptive management; Conflict; Harvesting; Natural resources; Social-ecological system; Socioeconomics; Sustainability	adaptive management; compliance; conservation management; decision making; deer; environmental monitoring; human behavior; hunting; natural resource; nature-society relations; socioeconomic status; stakeholder; state role; sustainability; wild population; Tragelaphus buxtoni; adaptive management; animal; antelope; article; awards and prizes; colecta; conflict; conflicto; endangered species; environmental protection; harvesting; human; human activities; manejo adaptativo; methodology; motivation; natural resources; physiology; population density; psychological aspect; recursos naturales; sistema socio-ecológico; social-ecological system; socioeconomics; socioeconomía; sustainability; sustentabilidad; adaptive management; colecta; conflict; conflicto; harvesting; manejo adaptativo; natural resources; recursos naturales; sistema socio-ecológico; social-ecological system; socioeconomics; socioeconomía; sustainability; sustentabilidad; Animals; Antelopes; Awards and Prizes; Conservation of Natural Resources; Endangered Species; Human Activities; Humans; Motivation; Population Density	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84953218301	Evaluation of xpert® MTB/RIF assay in induced sputum and gastric lavage samples from young children with suspected tuberculosis from the MVA85A TB vaccine trial	Bunyasi E.W., Tameris M., Geldenhuys H., Schmidt B.-M., Luabeya A.K.K., Mulenga H., Scriba T.J., Hanekom W.A., Mahomed H., McShane H., Hatherill M.	2015	PLoS ONE	10	11	10.1371/journal.pone.0141623	Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Health, Western Cape Province, Division of Community Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom	Bunyasi, E.W., Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Tameris, M., Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Geldenhuys, H., Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Schmidt, B.-M., Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Luabeya, A.K.K., Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Mulenga, H., Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Scriba, T.J., Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Hanekom, W.A., Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Mahomed, H., Department of Health, Western Cape Province, Division of Community Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; McShane, H., Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Hatherill, M., Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Objective Diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis is limited by the paucibacillary respiratory samples obtained from young children with pulmonary disease. We aimed to compare accuracy of the Xpert1 MTB/RIF assay, an automated nucleic acid amplification test, between induced sputum and gastric lavage samples from young children in a tuberculosis endemic setting. Methods We analyzed standardized diagnostic data from HIV negative children younger than four years of age who were investigated for tuberculosis disease near Cape Town, South Africa [2009-2012]. Two paired, consecutive induced sputa and early morning gastric lavage samples were obtained from children with suspected tuberculosis. Samples underwent Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube [MGIT] culture and Xpert MTB/RIF assay. We compared diagnostic yield across samples using the two-sample test of proportions and McNemar's χ2 test; and Wilson's score method to calculate sensitivity and specificity. Results 1,020 children were evaluated for tuberculosis during 1,214 admission episodes. Not all children had 4 samples collected. 57 of 4,463[1.3%] and 26 of 4,606[0.6%] samples tested positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis on MGIT culture and Xpert MTB/RIF assay respectively. 27 of 2,198[1.2%] and 40 of 2,183[1.8%] samples tested positive [on either Xpert MTB/RIF assay or MGIT culture] on induced sputum and gastric lavage samples, respectively. 19/1,028[1.8%] and 33/1,017[3.2%] admission episodes yielded a positive MGIT culture or Xpert MTB/RIF assay from induced sputum and gastric lavage, respectively. Sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay was 8/30[26.7%; 95% CI: 14.2-44.4] for two induced sputum samples and 7/31[22.6%; 11.4-39.8] [p = 0.711] for two gastric lavage samples. Corresponding specificity was 893/893[100%;99.6-100] and 885/890[99.4%;98.7-99.8] respectively [p = 0.025]. Conclusion Sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay was low, compared to MGIT culture, but diagnostic performance of Xpert MTB/RIF did not differ sufficiently between induced sputum and gastric lavage to justify selection of one sampling method over the other, in young children with suspected pulmonary TB. ©2015 Dickinson-Copeland et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.	None	adolescent; Article; bacterium culture; bacterium identification; coughing; culture medium; disease duration; failure to thrive; female; human; major clinical study; male; mycobacterial growth indicator tube culture; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis test kit; rapid test; sensitivity and specificity; South Africa; sputum analysis; sputum smear; stomach lavage; tuberculosis; weight reduction	None
WoS	WOS:000303591700010	Capitalizing on the Characteristics of mHealth to Evaluate Its Impact	Burbach, Ryan,Cole-Lewis, Heather,Cosmaciuc, Roxana,Dusabe, Schadrack,Kanter, Andrew S.,Kaonga, Nadi Nina,Mechael, Patricia,Namakula, Patricia,Nemser, Bennett,Ohemeng-Dapaah, Seth,Shemsanga, Muhadili	2012	JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION	18	SUPPL. 1	10.1080/10810730.2012.679848	Columbia University, Millennium Dev Goal Ctr W Africa, Millennium Villages Project	"Burbach, Ryan: Columbia University","Cole-Lewis, Heather: Columbia University","Cosmaciuc, Roxana: Columbia University","Kanter, Andrew S.: Columbia University","Kaonga, Nadi Nina: Columbia University","Mechael, Patricia: Columbia University","Nemser, Bennett: Columbia University",	None	None	None	None
WoS	WOS:000345469000029	The impact of introducing new vaccines on the health system: Case studies from six low- and middle-income countries	Burchett, Helen E. D.,Chavez, Enrique,Edengue, Jean-Marie,Gelmon, Lawrence,Griffiths, Ulla K.,Kitaw, Yayehirad,Konate, Mamadou,Lagarde, Mylene,Mills, Anne,Molla, Mitike,Mounier-Jack, Sandra,Ongolo-Zogo, Pierre,Onyango-Ouma, Washington,Rulisa, Stephen,Torr	2014	VACCINE	33	49	10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.09.032	Addis Ababa University, University of London, University of Manitoba, University of Nairobi, University of Rwanda, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Minist Hlth, Yaounde Cent Hosp	"Burchett, Helen E. D.: University of London","Griffiths, Ulla K.: University of London","Lagarde, Mylene: University of London","Mills, Anne: University of London","Molla, Mitike: Addis Ababa University","Mounier-Jack, Sandra: University of London","Onyango-Ouma, Washington: University of Nairobi","Rulisa, Stephen: University of Rwanda","Torres-Rueda, Sergio: University of London",	Objective: We aimed to explore the impacts of new vaccine introductions on immunization programmes and health systems in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: We conducted case studies of seven vaccine introductions in six countries (Cameroon, PCV; Ethiopia, PCV; Guatemala, rotavirus; Kenya, PCV; Mali, Meningitis A; Mali, PCV; Rwanda, HPV). Interviews were conducted with 261 national, regional and district key informants and questionnaires were completed with staff from 196 health facilities. Routine data from districts and health facilities were gathered on vaccination and antenatal service use. Data collection and analysis were structured around the World Health Organisation health system building blocks. Findings: The new vaccines were viewed positively and seemed to integrate well into existing health systems. The introductions were found to have had no impact on many elements within the building blocks framework. Despite many key informants and facility respondents perceiving that the new vaccine introductions had increased coverage of other vaccines, the routine data showed no change. Positive effects perceived included enhanced credibility of the immunisation programme and strengthened health workers' skills through training. Negative effects reported included an increase in workload and stock outs of the new vaccine, which created a perception in the community that all vaccines were out of stock in a facility. Most effects were found within the vaccination programmes; very few were reported on the broader health systems. Effects were primarily reported to be temporary, around the time of introduction only. Conclusion: Although the new vaccine introductions were viewed as intrinsically positive, on the whole there was no evidence that they had any major impact, positive or negative, on the broader health systems. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).	"HEALTH SYSTEMS","immunisation programmes",INTRODUCTIONS,"new vaccines",AFRICA,"ELIMINATION ACTIVITIES",IMMUNIZATION,MEASLES,"POLIO ERADICATION",PROGRAM	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36749018732	Performance of academically at-risk medical students in a problem-based learning programme: A preliminary report	Burch V.C., Sikakana C.N.T., Yeld N., Seggie J.L., Schmidt H.G.	2007	Advances in Health Sciences Education	12	3	10.1007/s10459-006-9006-6	Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital Observatory, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Higher Education and Development, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands	Burch, V.C., Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital Observatory, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Sikakana, C.N.T., Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Yeld, N., Centre for Higher Education and Development, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Seggie, J.L., Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital Observatory, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Schmidt, H.G., Department of Psychology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands	Racially segregated schooling, a legacy of Apartheid policies, continues to hamper education in South Africa. Students entering university from suboptimal circumstances are at significant risk of demonstrating poor academic performance and dropping out of their programmes. Attempts to address the educational needs of these students have included the introduction of extended medical programmes at several universities. Such a programme, the Academic Development Programme (ADP), was implemented at the University of Cape Town in 1991. Over the past decade the programme has graduated more than 100 students. Upon implementation of a new problem-based learning (PBL) programme in 2002, the ADP was discontinued and all students were entered directly into the new PBL programme. Students who demonstrate a need for additional academic support by the end of the first semester enter the Intervention Programme for 1 year before proceeding to the second semester of the PBL programme. An interim analysis was performed to compare the retention rates and academic performance of academically at-risk students in the new PBL programme and the ADP. The records of all academically at-risk students entering the ADP (1991-2000) and the new PBL programme (2002) were reviewed. Retention rates for all years of study, and academic performance in the fourth year clerkship courses of the respective programmes were compared. A total of 239 academically at-risk students in the ADP and 43 at-risk students in the new PBL programme were studied. The median retention rates, per year of study, for at-risk students in the PBL programme was significantly better than for at-risk students in the ADP (p<0.02). Academic performance of the at-risk students in all the fourth year clinical clerkship courses of the PBL programme was significantly better than the mean performance over 10 years for at-risk students in the same fourth year courses in the ADP. The introduction of PBL at the University of Cape Town has not had a deleterious effect on the performance of academically at-risk medical students. Interim analysis suggests that retention rates and academic performance in the PBL programme are better than those achieved in the extended traditional programme. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.	Academically disadvantaged students; Dropout rates; Problem-based learning; Undergraduate medical training	article; cultural deprivation; education; health care quality; human; medical education; medical student; methodology; Negro; problem based learning; program development; psychological aspect; social psychology; South Africa; standard; statistics; student; teaching; time; African Continental Ancestry Group; Cultural Deprivation; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Educational Measurement; Humans; Prejudice; Problem-Based Learning; Program Development; Program Evaluation; Remedial Teaching; School Admission Criteria; South Africa; Student Dropouts; Students, Medical; Time	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956341175	Evaluation of the STORM model storm-time corrections for middle latitude	Buresova D., McKinnell L.-A., Sindelarova T., De La Morena B.A.	2010	Advances in Space Research	46	8	10.1016/j.asr.2010.06.007	Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Bocni II 1401, 14131 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, P.O. Box 32, Hermanus 7200, South Africa; INTA-Atmospheric Sounding Station El Arenosillo, Mazagon, 21130 Huelva, Spain	Buresova, D., Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Bocni II 1401, 14131 Prague 4, Czech Republic; McKinnell, L.-A., Hermanus Magnetic Observatory, P.O. Box 32, Hermanus 7200, South Africa; Sindelarova, T., Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Bocni II 1401, 14131 Prague 4, Czech Republic; De La Morena, B.A., INTA-Atmospheric Sounding Station El Arenosillo, Mazagon, 21130 Huelva, Spain	This paper presents results from the Storm-Time Ionospheric Correction Model (STORM) validation for selected Northern and Southern Hemisphere middle latitude locations. The created database incorporated 65 strong-to-severe geomagnetic storms, which occurred within the period 1995-2007. This validation included data from some ionospheric stations (e.g., Pruhonice, El Arenosillo) that were not considered in the development or previous validations of the model. Hourly values of the F2 layer critical frequency, foF2, measured for 5-7 days during the main and recovery phases of each selected storm were compared with the predicted IRI 2007 foF2 with the STORM model option activated. To perform a detailed comparison between observed values, medians and predicted foF2 values the correlation coefficient, the root-mean-square error (RMSE), and the percentage improvement were calculated. Results of the comparative analysis show that the STORM model captures more effectively the negative phases of the summer ionospheric storms, while electron density enhancement during winter storms and the changeover of the different storm phases is reproduced with less accuracy. The STORM model corrections are less efficient for lower-middle latitudes and severe geomagnetic storms. © 2010 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Geomagnetic storms; International Reference Ionosphere (IRI); Ionosphere; STORM model	Comparative analysis; Correlation coefficient; Critical frequencies; Electron densities; F2 layer; Geomagnetic storm; International reference ionospheres; Ionospheric correction; Ionospheric stations; Ionospheric storm; Root-mean-square errors; Southern Hemisphere; Time correction; Winter storms; Atmospheric electricity; Geomagnetism; Ionosphere; Ionospheric measurement; Storms	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84911477707	Development and evaluation of a sensitive mycotoxin risk assessment model (mycoram)	Burger H.-M., Lombard M.J., Shephard G.S., Danster-Christians N., Gelderblom W.C.	2014	Toxicological Sciences	141	2	10.1093/toxsci/kfu134	Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; School of Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences: Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Department Agricultural and Food Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville, South Africa	Burger, H.-M., Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville, South Africa, Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa; Lombard, M.J., School of Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences: Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Shephard, G.S., Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville, South Africa; Danster-Christians, N., Department Agricultural and Food Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville, South Africa; Gelderblom, W.C., Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, PO Box 1906, Bellville, South Africa, Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa	The differential risk of exposure to fumonisin (FB), deoxynivalenol (DON), and zearalenone (ZEA) mycotoxins to the South African population, residing in the nine Provinces was assessed during a cross-sectional grain consumer survey. The relative per capita maize intake (g/day) was stratified by gender, ethnicity, and Province and the probable daily intake (PDI) for each mycotoxin (ng/kg body weight/day) calculated utilizing SPECIAL and SUPER dry milled maize fractions representing different exposure scenarios. Men consumed on an average more maize (173 g/day) than women (142 g/day) whereas the black African ethnic group had the highest intake (279 g/day) followed by the Colored group (169 g/day) with the Asian/Indian and White groups consuming lower quantities of 101 and 80 g/day, respectively. The estimated mean PDIs for the various subgroups and Provinces, utilizing the different dry milled maize fractions, were below the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) for each mycotoxin. A distinct and more sensitive mycotoxin risk assessment model (MYCORAM) for exposure, stratified by Province and ethnicity were developed utilizing specific maize intake increments (g/kg body weight/day) that provides information on the percentage of the population exposed above the PMTDI for each mycotoxin. Evaluation of the MYCORAM utilizing commercial and experimentally derived SPECIAL milling fractions, containing predefined mycotoxins levels, predicts the percentage of maize consumers exposed above the respective PMTDI. Safety modeling using the MYCORAM could also predict a maximum tolerated level adequate to safeguard all South African maize consumers including the most vulnerable groups. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved.	Maize consumers; Mycotoxins exposure; Probable daily intakes; Risk assessment model; South africa	fumonisin; vomitoxin; zearalenone; fumonisin; trichothecene derivative; vomitoxin; zearalenone; adult; aged; Article; body weight; controlled study; cross-sectional study; environmental exposure; ethnic difference; female; food frequency questionnaire; food safety; human; maize; major clinical study; male; nutritional assessment; patient safety; risk assessment; sex difference; South African; adolescent; comparative study; demography; eating; ethnic group; ethnology; feeding behavior; food control; food handling; microbiology; middle aged; questionnaire; risk factor; South America; very elderly; young adult; Zea mays; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Weight; Cross-Sectional Studies; Eating; Ethnic Groups; Female; Food Habits; Food Handling; Food Microbiology; Fumonisins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Questionnaires; Residence Characteristics; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; South America; Trichothecenes; Young Adult; Zea mays; Zearalenone	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-31644435352	Design and preclinical evaluation of a multigene human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C DNA vaccine for clinical trial	Burgers W.A., van Harmelen J.H., Shephard E., Adams C., Mgwebi T., Bourn W., Hanke T., Williamson A.-L., Williamson C.	2006	Journal of General Virology	87	2	10.1099/vir.0.81379-0	Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; MRC/UCT Liver Research Centre, UCT, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Services, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, The John Radcliffe, Oxford, United Kingdom	Burgers, W.A., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; van Harmelen, J.H., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Shephard, E., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa, MRC/UCT Liver Research Centre, UCT, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Adams, C., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Mgwebi, T., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Bourn, W., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Hanke, T., MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, The John Radcliffe, Oxford, United Kingdom; Williamson, A.-L., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa, National Health Laboratory Services, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Williamson, C., Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Medical Virology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa	In this study, the design and preclinical development of a multigene human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C DNA vaccine are described, developed as part of the South African AIDS Vaccine Initiative (SAAVI). Genetic variation remains a major obstacle in the development of an HIV-1 vaccine and recent strategies have focused on constructing vaccines based on the subtypes dominant in the developing world, where the epidemic is most severe. The vaccine, SAAVI DNA-C, contains an equimolar mixture of two plasmids, pTHr.grttnC and pTHr.gp150CT, which express a polyprotein derived from Gag, reverse transcriptase (RT), Tat and Nef, and a truncated Env, respectively. Genes included in the vaccine were obtained from individuals within 3 months of infection and selection was based on closeness to a South African subtype C consensus sequence. All genes were codon-optimized for increased expression in humans. The genes have been modified for safety, stability and immunogenicity. Tat was inactivated through shuffling of gene fragments, whilst maintaining all potential epitopes; the active site of RT was mutated; 124 aa were removed from the cytoplasmic tail of gp160; and Nef and Gag myristylation sites were inactivated. Following vaccination of BALB/c mice, high levels of cytotoxic T lymphocytes were induced against multiple epitopes and the vaccine stimulated strong CD8+ gamma interferon responses. In addition, high titres of antibodies to gp 120 were induced in guinea pigs. This vaccine is the first component of a prime-boost regimen that is scheduled for clinical trials in humans in the USA and South Africa. © 2006 SGM.	None	DNA vaccine; epitope; Gag protein; gamma interferon; glycoprotein gp 160; Human immunodeficiency virus vaccine; Nef protein; plasmid vector; protein antibody; RNA directed DNA polymerase; transactivator protein; virus envelope protein; animal cell; animal experiment; animal model; antibody titer; article; CD8+ T lymphocyte; codon; consensus sequence; controlled study; cytoplasm; developing country; DNA modification; DNA shuffling; drug design; drug manufacture; drug safety; drug screening; drug stability; enzyme active site; epidemic; female; gene delivery system; gene expression; gene inactivation; gene mutation; genetic selection; genetic variability; guinea pig; health program; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; immunogenicity; immunostimulation; mouse; multigene family; myristylation; nonhuman; plasmid; priority journal; serotype; South Africa; United States; AIDS Vaccines; Animals; Drug Design; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Genes, env; Genes, gag; Genes, tat; HIV-1; Humans; Mice; Vaccines, DNA; Animalia; Cavia; Cavia porcellus; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus 1	None
None	None	Evaluation of simple hand-held mechanical systems for harvesting tea (Camellia sinensis)	Burgess P.J., Carr M.K.V., Mizambwa F.C.S., Nixon D.J., Lugusi J., Kimambo E.I.	2006	Experimental Agriculture	42	2	10.1017/S0014479705003352	Cranfield University, Silsoe, Bedfordshire, MK45 4DT, United Kingdom; Tea Research Institute of Tanzania, P.O. Box 2177, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Crop and Water Management Systems (Intnl.) Ltd., Pear Tree Cottage, Frog Lane, Warwickshire, CV36 4LG, United Kingdom; Booker-Tate Ltd., Masters Court Church Road, Thame, Oxon, OX9 3FA, United Kingdom; TPC Ltd., PO Box 93, Moshi, Tanzania	Burgess, P.J., Cranfield University, Silsoe, Bedfordshire, MK45 4DT, United Kingdom; Carr, M.K.V., Cranfield University, Silsoe, Bedfordshire, MK45 4DT, United Kingdom, Tea Research Institute of Tanzania, P.O. Box 2177, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, Crop and Water Management Systems (Intnl.) Ltd., Pear Tree Cottage, Frog Lane, Warwickshire, CV36 4LG, United Kingdom; Mizambwa, F.C.S., Tea Research Institute of Tanzania, P.O. Box 2177, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, TPC Ltd., PO Box 93, Moshi, Tanzania; Nixon, D.J., Cranfield University, Silsoe, Bedfordshire, MK45 4DT, United Kingdom, Booker-Tate Ltd., Masters Court Church Road, Thame, Oxon, OX9 3FA, United Kingdom; Lugusi, J., Tea Research Institute of Tanzania, P.O. Box 2177, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania; Kimambo, E.I., Tea Research Institute of Tanzania, P.O. Box 2177, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania	Over an eight-year period, harvesting methods based on simple mechanical aids (blade and shear) were evaluated against hand harvesting on mature morphologically contrasting tea clones in Southern Tanzania. The effects of shear step height (5-32mm) and the harvest interval (1.8-4.2 phyllochrons) were also examined. Except in the year following pruning, large annual yields (5.7-7.9 t dry tea ha -1) were obtained by hand harvesting at intervals of two phyllochrons. For clones K35 (large shoots) and T207 (small shoots), the mean harvested shoot weights were equivalent to three unfurled leaves and a terminal bud. The proportions of broken shoots (40-48 %) and coarse material (4-6 %) were both relatively high. Using a blade resulted in similar yields to hand harvesting from K35 but larger yields from T207 (+13 %). The yield increase from clone T207 was associated with the harvest of more shoots and heavier shoots, smaller increases in canopy height, and a higher proportion (7-9 %) of coarse material compared to hand harvesting. On bushes, which had been harvested by hand for two years following pruning, using flat shears (no step) supported on the tea canopy resulted, over a three year period, in yields 8-14 % less than those obtained by hand harvesting and, for clone K35, a reduction in the leaf area index to below 5. The development of a larger leaf area index is made possible by adding a step to the shear. However, since annual yields were reduced by 40-50kg ha -1 per mm increase in step height, the step should be the minimum necessary to maintain long-term bush productivity. As mean shoot weights following shear harvesting were about 13 % below those obtained by hand harvesting, there is scope, when using shears, to extend the harvest interval from 2 to 2.5 phyllochrons. © 2006 Cambridge University Press.	None	Camellia sinensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924350478	Trinuclear half-sandwich RuII, RhIII and IrIII polyester organometallic complexes: Synthesis and in vitro evaluation as antitumor agents	Burgoyne A.R., Makhubela B.C.E., Meyer M., Smith G.S.	2015	European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry	2015	8	10.1002/ejic.201403192	Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa	Burgoyne, A.R., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Makhubela, B.C.E., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Meyer, M., Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa; Smith, G.S., Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa	Schiff base ligands obtained from the condensation of 4-aminophenylmethanol and either 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde or salicylaldehyde were used to synthesise bidentate trimeric ester ligands. The trimeric ester ligands were used to prepare a new series of trinuclear polyester organometallic complexes by using the dimeric precursors, [Ru(η6-p-iPrC6H4Me)Cl2]2, [Rh(C5Me5)Cl2]2 or [Ir(C5Me5)Cl2]2. The Schiff base ligands act as bidentate donors to each metal. All compounds were characterised by NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and EI/ESI mass spectrometry. Model mononuclear analogues were prepared, and the molecular structures of selected compounds were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The mono- and trimeric ligands and the metal complexes were evaluated for inhibitory effects against the human ovarian cancer cell lines, A2780 (cisplatin-sensitive) and A2780cisR (cisplatin-resistant), and the model human skin fibroblast cell line, KMST-6. Polyester-containing trinuclear half-sandwich RuII, RhIII and IrIII complexes were prepared and characterised. The cytotoxicity was investigated for all compounds. Aqueous stability studies and interactions with model DNA 5′-GMP were performed for the most-active compounds. Copyright © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.	Antitumor agents; Bioorganometallic chemistry; Half-sandwich complexes; Polyesters	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44349168404	Informatics for historians: Tools for medieval document XML markup, and their impact on the history-sciences	Burkard B., Vogeler G., Gruner S.	2008	Journal of Universal Computer Science	14	2	None	Hist.-Kulturw. Inf.-Verarbeitung, Univ. zu Köln, Germany; Histor. Seminar, Ludwig-Max.-Univ. München, Germany; Dept. of Comp.-Science, Univ. of Pretoria, South Africa	Burkard, B., Hist.-Kulturw. Inf.-Verarbeitung, Univ. zu Köln, Germany; Vogeler, G., Histor. Seminar, Ludwig-Max.-Univ. München, Germany; Gruner, S., Dept. of Comp.-Science, Univ. of Pretoria, South Africa	This article is a revised and extended version of [VBG, 07]. We conjecture that the digitalization of historical text documents as a basis of data mining and information retrieval for the purpose of progress in the history sciences is urgently needed. We present a novel, specialist XML tool-suite supporting the working historian in the transcription of original medieval charters into a machine-readable form, and we also address some latest developments which can be found in the field, since the publication of [VBG, 07]. © J.UCS.	Digitalization and preparation of medieval documents for the semantic web; History-informatics; Tool-support; XML tagging	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38549166662	Construction and evaluation of a gfp-tagged Salmonella Typhimurium strain for environmental applications	Burke L.M., Brözel V.S., Venter S.N.	2008	Water SA	34	1	None	Division of Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Burke, L.M., Division of Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Brözel, V.S., Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States; Venter, S.N., Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium was isolated from freshwater sediments and chromosomally labelled with a stable variant of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). The pUT mini-Tn5 Km transposon was used to introduce the gfp gene onto the chromosome of the S. Typhimurium strain by tri-parental mating. Southern Blot hybridisation confirmed that the gene had integrated into the chromosome. The gfp gene was stably maintained and the labelled strain was not growth-rate impaired. The incorporation of the gfp gene did not convey any significant loss of phenotype which would affect the survival and behaviour of the tagged strains. The tagged S. Typhimurium strain was used to spike an established drinking water biofilm and was able to colonise and persist within the biofilm. The tagged strain was also successfully used to study the survival of S. Typhimurium in natural sediments under different temperatures. These tagged strains can therefore be used to study the fate and survival of different Salmonella strains in water environments.	Biofilm; Green fluorescent protein; Salmonella Typhimurium; Survival	Biofilms; Chromosomes; Potable water; Proteins; Sediments; Green fluorescent protein; Salmonella strains; Salmonella Typhimurium; Bacteria; Bacteria; Biofilms; Chromosomes; Potable water; Proteins; Sediments; bacterium; biofilm; chromosome; drinking water; environmental factor; freshwater sediment; gene; phenotype; survivorship; tagging; Salmonella; Salmonella enterica; Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium; Salmonella typhimurium	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77956350487	Engaging sport-for-development for social impact in the South African context	Burnett C.	2009	Sport in Society	12	9	10.1080/17430430903137852	Department of Sport and Movement Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa	Burnett, C., Department of Sport and Movement Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa	The politics of development ideology and global leadership set the scene for sport (for) development in South Africa. Academic inquiry followed in an ad hoc way, mostly in the wake of contracted and/or externally and diverse disciplinary infused research paradigms. Diverse research agenda and donor requirements set the scene for Participatory Action Research as an enabling tool for researchers, funders and research participants whereby indigenous knowledge systems can be accessed and enriched in a collaborative venture of knowledge production. Four case studies of sport-for-development projects in the South African context explain the evolving architecture in this field. A discussion of three distinct and interrelated models, based on the rationale of Mintzberg (2006), affords insights within a social capital framework of a top-down, bottom-up and outside-in approach in various integrated formats. It is apparent that social impact and networking evolved around strategic alliance formation and development agendas of major stakeholders. © 2009 Taylor & Francis.	None	None	ASC, Australian Agency for International Development; AusAID, Australian Agency for International Development
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897437969	The impact of a sport-for-education programme in the South African context of poverty	Burnett C.	2014	Sport in Society	17	6	10.1080/17430437.2014.882903	Department of Sport and Movement Studies, University Of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa	Burnett, C., Department of Sport and Movement Studies, University Of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa	This article reports on a baseline study of a school-based, incentive-driven, sport-for-development programme (Mighty Metres) in the South African context of poverty. It is underpinned by multiple theoretical frameworks (the interpretative phenomenological approach). The baseline study entailed retrospective social impact collected from 15 schools where the Mighty Metres programme was implemented. A mixed-method approach was used for conducting 57 interviews and 35 focus group sessions, and 159 questionnaires were completed by learners and 29 by school and cluster coordinators. Various models of implementation render nuanced findings at meso- and micro-levels. At the meso-level findings relate to associative branding, improved image and recruitment capacity for schools, regular physical activity, inclusivity and a decrease in absenteeism. Parents obtained 'bragging rights', and teachers and learners improved their physical and health profiles, reported improved inter-personal relations, recognition and psychological benefits. © 2014 © 2014 Taylor & Francis.	None	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944789912	Effect of educational outreach timing and duration on facility performance for infectious disease care in Uganda: A trial with pre-post and cluster randomized controlled components	Burnett S.M., Mbonye M.K., Naikoba S., Stella Z.-M., Kinoti S.N., Ronald A., Rubashembusya T., Willis K.S., Colebunders R., Manabe Y.C., Weaver M.R.	2015	PLoS ONE	10	9	10.1371/journal.pone.0136966	Accordia Global Health Foundation, Washington, DC, United States; Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Center for Human Services, University Research Co. LLC, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; International Training and Education Center for Health (I-TECH), Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; PATH, Seattle, WA, United States; Save the Children, Kampala, Uganda; International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Uganda Country Office, Wandegeya, Uganda; Fio Corporation, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Manchester, Institute for Development Policy and Management, Manchester, United Kingdom; U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, MD, United States	Burnett, S.M., Accordia Global Health Foundation, Washington, DC, United States, Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, PATH, Seattle, WA, United States; Mbonye, M.K., Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Naikoba, S., Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, Save the Children, Kampala, Uganda; Stella, Z.-M., Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Uganda Country Office, Wandegeya, Uganda; Kinoti, S.N., Center for Human Services, University Research Co. LLC, Bethesda, MD, United States, Fio Corporation, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ronald, A., Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Rubashembusya, T., Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, University of Manchester, Institute for Development Policy and Management, Manchester, United Kingdom; Willis, K.S., Accordia Global Health Foundation, Washington, DC, United States, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, MD, United States; Colebunders, R., Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Manabe, Y.C., Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Weaver, M.R., International Training and Education Center for Health (I-TECH), Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States	Background: Classroom-based learning is often insufficient to ensure high quality care and application of health care guidelines. Educational outreach is garnering attention as a supplemental method to enhance health care worker capacity, yet there is little information about the timing and duration required to improve facility performance. We sought to evaluate the effects of an infectious disease training program followed by either immediate or delayed on-site support (OSS), an educational outreach approach, on nine facility performance indicators for emergency triage, assessment, and treatment; malaria; and pneumonia. We also compared the effects of nine monthly OSS visits to extended OSS, with three additional visits over six months. Methods: This study was conducted at 36 health facilities in Uganda, covering 1,275,960 outpatient visits over 23 months. From April 2010 to December 2010, 36 sites received infectious disease training; 18 randomly selected sites in arm A received nine monthly OSS visits (immediate OSS) and 18 sites in arm B did not. From March 2011 to September 2011, arm A sites received three additional visits every two months (extended OSS), while the arm B sites received eight monthly OSS visits (delayed OSS). We compared the combined effect of training and delayed OSS to training followed by immediate OSS to determine the effect of delaying OSS implementation by nine months. We also compared facility performance in arm A during the extended OSS to immediate OSS to examine the effect of additional, less frequent OSS. Results: Delayed OSS, when combined with training, was associated with significant pre/post improvements in four indicators: outpatients triaged (44% vs. 87%, aRR = 1.54, 99% CI = 1.11, 2.15); emergency and priority patients admitted, detained, or referred (16% vs. 31%, aRR = 1.74, 99% CI = 1.10, 2.75); patients with a negative malaria test result prescribed an antimalarial (53% vs. 34%, aRR = 0.67, 99% CI = 0.55, 0.82); and pneumonia suspects assessed for pneumonia (6% vs. 27%, aRR = 2.97, 99% CI = 1.44, 6.17). Differences between the delayed OSS and immediate OSS arms were not statistically significant for any of the nine indicators (all adjusted relative RR (aRRR) between 0.76-1.44, all p>0.06). Extended OSS was associated with significant improvement in two indicators (outpatients triaged: aRR = 1.09, 99% CI = 1.01; emergency and priority patients admitted, detained, or referred: aRR = 1.22, 99% CI = 1.01, 1.38) and decline in one (pneumonia suspects assessed for pneumonia: aRR: 0.93; 99% CI = 0.88, 0.98). Conclusions: Educational outreach held up to nine months after training had similar effects on facility performance as educational outreach started within one month post-training. Six months of bimonthly educational outreach maintained facility performance gains, but incremental improvements were heterogeneous. Copyright: © 2015 Burnett et al.	None	Article; case management; clinical assessment; controlled study; emergency health service; fever; health care facility; health care quality; human; infection control; malaria; medical education; outcome assessment; pneumonia; randomized controlled trial; Uganda	None
WoS	WOS:000208517400003	Monitoring and Evaluation of Substance Abuse Services in South Africa: Implications for Policy and Practice	Burnhams, Nadine Harker,Fakier, Nuraan,Myers, Bronwyn	2010	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND ADDICTION	8	4	10.1007/s11469-009-9232-2	South African Medical Research Council	"Burnhams, Nadine Harker: South African Medical Research Council","Fakier, Nuraan: South African Medical Research Council","Myers, Bronwyn: South African Medical Research Council"	Although outcomes monitoring and the collection of other performance data holds benefits for service managers and policy makers, the extent to which these data are collected by South African substance abuse service providers is unknown. To describe (i) the extent to which substance abuse service providers in South Africa monitor and evaluate their programmes and (ii) the availability of structures to support monitoring and evaluation activities within these services. Cross-sectional surveys of substance abuse treatment services were conducted in Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal provinces (2006-2007) and the Central and Northern region of the country (2007-2008). A survey of prevention services was conducted in the Cape Town metropole (2008). Across all sites approximately half of the services reported never having evaluated their programmes. In addition, less than two thirds of treatment facilities routinely monitor client outcomes. Even where monitoring and evaluation did occur, less than a third of facilities used standardised questionnaires and less than two-thirds used urinalyses to collect outcomes data. Based on the above findings, a number of recommendations are made to expand monitoring and evaluation within South African substance abuse services.	"outcomes monitoring","programme evaluation","SERVICE QUALITY","SOUTH AFRICA","SUBSTANCE ABUSE"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954045442	Jumping mechanisms and performance of pygmy mole crickets (Orthoptera, Tridactylidae)	Burrows M., Picker M.D.	2010	Journal of Experimental Biology	213	14	10.1242/jeb.042192	Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom; Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa	Burrows, M., Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom; Picker, M.D., Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa	Pygmy mole crickets live in burrows at the edge of water and jump powerfully to avoid predators such as the larvae and adults of tiger beetles that inhabit the same microhabitat. Adults are 5-6 mm long and weigh 8mg. The hind legs are dominated by enormous femora containing the jumping muscles and are 131% longer than the body. The ratio of leg lengths is: 1:2.1:4.5 (front:middle:hind, respectively). The hind tarsi are reduced and their role is supplanted by two pairs of tibial spurs that can rotate through 180deg. During horizontal walking the hind legs are normally held off the ground. Jumps are propelled by extension of the hind tibiae about the femora at angular velocities of 68,000deg s-1 in 2.2 ms, as revealed by images captured at rates of 5000 s-1. The two hind legs usually move together but can move asynchronously, and many jumps are propelled by just one hind leg. The take-off angle is steep and once airborne the body rotates backwards about its transverse axis (pitch) at rates of 100 Hz or higher. The take-off velocity, used to define the best jumps, can reach 5.4 ms-1, propelling the insect to heights of 700mm and distances of 1420mm with an acceleration of 306g. The head and pronotum are jerked rapidly as the body is accelerated. Jumping on average uses 116 μJ of energy, requires a power output of 50mW and exerts a force of 20mN. In jumps powered by one hind leg the figures are about 40% less. © 2010. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.	Kinematics; Locomotion; Walking	animal; animal behavior; article; biomechanics; Gryllidae; hindlimb; histology; locomotion; motor activity; physiology; anatomy and histology; locomotion; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biomechanics; Gryllidae; Hindlimb; Locomotion; Motor Activity; Cicindelidae; Coleoptera; Hexapoda; Insectivora; Orthoptera; Tridactylidae; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biomechanical Phenomena; Gryllidae; Hindlimb; Locomotion; Motor Activity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-46849096098	The effects of therapeutic management approach on depressive symptomatology and cognitive task performance among the physically challenged students of rehabilitation centre, Ibadan, Nigeria	Busari A.O., Eniola M.S.	2008	Anthropologist	10	1	None	Federal College of Education Special, Oyo, Nigeria; Department of Special Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Busari, A.O., Federal College of Education Special, Oyo, Nigeria; Eniola, M.S., Department of Special Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	This study investigated therapeutic management approach of depressive symptomatology on the performance of Cognitive task among the special need students of rehabilitation centre, Ibadan, Nigeria (male one hundred and eleven and female eight-nine), A self constructed validated questionnaire was used to generate data. The t-test statistics was employed to test the three research hypotheses formulated while the adjusted post-mean score was performed on the achievement test scores. Findings indicated that there were significant differences in the signs and symptoms of depression exhibited by the experimental and the control groups. Further, better cognitive task performance by the experimental group due to reduction in the level of signs and symptoms of depression was revealed. © Kamla-Raj 2008.	Cognitive task; Depressive symptomatology; Physically challenged; Therapeutic management	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872557641	Impact of long term (9 years) deposition of animal wastes on soil physical properties in abeokuta, south-western nigeria-implications for soil management	Busari M.A., Azeez J.O., Orelaja O.O.	2012	Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management	38	4	10.5276/JSWTM.2012.271	Department of Soil Science and Land Management, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Busari, M.A., Department of Soil Science and Land Management, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Azeez, J.O., Department of Soil Science and Land Management, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Orelaja, O.O., Department of Soil Science and Land Management, University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria	Soil profile pits were examined to evaluate the effects of deposition of animal wastes on some soil physical properties. One profile pit each was dug at pig, cattle, sheep and poultry waste dump sites and one at a control site in an area where animal wastes have not been disposed of. It was observed that soil bulk density was significantly lower at animal waste dump sites than non-dump site but a saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of 1.27 cm min-3 at the non-dump site was significantly higher than Ks of 0.30 - 0.88 cm min-3 obtained at all the animal waste dump sites, probably due to creation of water repellent property as a result of long term large quantity deposition of animal wastes. At the surface layer (0-20 cm) of the soil profiles, a clay dispersion ratio (CDR) of 9.5% at the control site was significantly higher than that of 6.9 - 9.3% obtained at animal waste dump sites, implying higher microaggregate stability at the sur-face of the dump sites. Similarly, poultry waste had significantly lowest CDR (6.9%) and highest Ks (1.16 cm min-3) than other animal wastes at the uppermost soil layer. Therefore, accumula-tion of animal wastes should be avoided by spreading them evenly on farm land intended to be used for future crop husbandry.	Animal waste; Microaggregate stability; Soil physical properties; Soil profile; Water repellent	Animal wastes; Clay dispersion; Control sites; Crop husbandry; Farm land; Poultry wastes; Saturated hydraulic conductivity; Soil bulk density; Soil layer; Soil management; Soil physical property; Soil profiles; Surface layers; Water repellents; Water-repellent properties; Agronomy; Soils; Waterproofing; Agricultural wastes; Animalia; Bos; Ovis aries; Suidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924341785	Learning from continuous evaluation: Principles, practices, and lessons	Busari O., Ngonini X.	2015	Management Education	13	4	None	Trans-Caledon Tunnel Authority, Centurion, Gauteng, South Africa; Evaluation and Knowledge Integration, Trans-Caledon Tunnel Authority, South Africa	Busari, O., Trans-Caledon Tunnel Authority, Centurion, Gauteng, South Africa; Ngonini, X., Evaluation and Knowledge Integration, Trans-Caledon Tunnel Authority, South Africa	For an organization increasingly taking on a leadership and change-agent role in the provision of infrastructure for growing the South African economy and pursuing a better life for all, the Trans-Caledon Tunnel Authority prioritizes the generation and use of evaluative knowledge for organizational learning and effective management for results, as well as for fostering accountability. Focused and regular evaluations afford the organization with an objective assessment of contributions to national development results and outcomes, through systematically reviewing its programs and operations, including multi-billion rand mega infrastructure projects and strategic initiatives spanning policies, advocacy, advisory services, and partnerships. Aside from articulating the core principles underpinning the organization’s evaluative work and identifying the critical criteria applicable to its evaluations, this paper departs from the traditional preoccupation with measuring project outputs, and presents alternative practices seeking a more dynamic and comprehensive understanding of the processes inherent in interventions. With practical examples of lessons drawn continuously to assist stakeholders and executives make the necessary adjustments on the project pathway, the evaluation approach herein seeks to satisfy the need by participants and the collective organization to know more in relation to how complex changes are brought about by a variety of development levers and mechanisms. © Common Ground, Ola Busari, Xolani Ngonini, All Rights Reserved.	Evaluation practices; Project lessons; South Africa; Trans-caledon tunnel authority	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874627982	Mapping out key performance indicators in a state-owned entity: A South African example	Busari O., Ngonini X.	2012	International Journal of Knowledge, Culture and Change Management	11	6	None	Trans-Caledon Tunnel Authority, South Africa	Busari, O., Trans-Caledon Tunnel Authority, South Africa; Ngonini, X., Trans-Caledon Tunnel Authority, South Africa	In South Africa, state-owned entities are part of a dynamic environment that offers consumers increasing power in demanding higher quality products, lower prices, and better services. This trend has underscored the need to construct appropriate and measurable indicators of corporate performance, which are then subjected to rigorous shareholder and stakeholder review at the end of each fiscal year. This paper examines the recent efforts of one of such institutions-the Trans-Caledon Tunnel Authority-to map out its key performance indicators in a strategic manner that enables it to move beyond a mere collection of indicators grouped in the four traditional dimensions. In pursuit of breakthrough performance, the organization uses the scorecard to align and focus business activities, adopting strategy mapping to articulate how it creates value for its clients and stakeholders. With a strategy map reflecting the organization's three strategic themes of thought leadership, operational excellence, and livelihoods transformation and sustainability, the emergent performance indicators focus on those aspects of corporate performance that are most critical for competitive success into the future. © Common Ground, Ola Busari, Xolani Ngonini, All Rights Reserved.	Performance indicators; South Africa; Strategy mapping; Trans-Caledon Tunnel Authority	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867741981	The PGM flotation predictor: Predicting PGM ore flotation performance using results from automated mineralogy systems	Bushell C.	2012	Minerals Engineering	None	None	10.1016/j.mineng.2012.02.016	Mineralogy Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa	Bushell, C., Mineralogy Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa	Performance of froth flotation recovery plants for platinum group minerals (PGMs) is usually monitored by means of routine chemical assays of samples taken at various locations in the plant. Whilst these assays can alert the plant metallurgist to variations in recovery, the reasons for changes in recovery are not adequately revealed by the assay results. Assay-by-size analyses can help to diagnose whether PGM and/or base metal sulphide (BMS) liberation issues exist, but do not provide any information on mineralogical changes in the plant feed material. The flotation performance of an ore is determined by its mineralogy. Mintek's Mineralogy Division is currently developing PGM flotation prediction software that uses data from automated mineralogy systems to provide valuable information to the plant metallurgist. Each PGM-bearing particle detected by the automated mineralogy system is individually evaluated. Particle floatability, based on the mode of occurrence of the PGM, the proportion of floatable component/s and the composition of constituent minerals in each PGM-bearing particle is calculated. These data provide a direct output that highlights the metallurgical properties and recoverability of the PGM-bearing particles in samples gathered from strategic locations in the recovery plant. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Flotation kinetics; Flotation modelling; Froth flotation; Precious metal ores; Process optimisation	Base metal sulphides; Feed materials; Floatability; Flotation kinetics; Flotation performance; Flotation recovery; Metallurgical properties; Mineralogical changes; Platinum group minerals; Precious metal ores; Process optimisation; Recoverability; Strategic locations; Assays; Automation; Crystallography; Economic geology; Froth flotation; Mineralogy; Minerals; Precious metals; Recovery; Ore treatment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44449119917	Improving daily production capacity and energy efficiency in sugar refineries and sugar mills with CarboUA high performance process aids	Bushong J.H., Bogari A., González C.A.D., Odipo W., Marroquin J.M.P., Massucato A.L., Sarir E.M.	2008	International Sugar Journal	110	1313	None	CarboUA, Philadelphia, United States; United Sugar Company, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; CarboUA, CaIi, Colombia; CarboUA, Nairobi, Kenya; CarboUA, Guatemala City, Guatemala; CarboUA, São Paulo, Brazil; CarboUA, Beverly Hills, United States	Bushong, J.H., CarboUA, Philadelphia, United States; Bogari, A., United Sugar Company, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; González, C.A.D., CarboUA, CaIi, Colombia; Odipo, W., CarboUA, Nairobi, Kenya; Marroquin, J.M.P., CarboUA, Guatemala City, Guatemala; Massucato, A.L., CarboUA, São Paulo, Brazil; Sarir, E.M., CarboUA, Beverly Hills, United States	With reference to case studies, this paper describes and discusses the use of CarboUA high performance process aids for increasing sugar refinery and sugar mill process efficiency via improvements in daily sugar process throughput (from increased operating Brix and/or higher average process flow rates), an increase in conversion rate of feed sugar to raw sugar (mill) or refined sugar (refinery), an associated reduction in energy, and improvements in final product quality.	Efficiency; Energy; Mill; Production; Refinery; Sugar	Conversion rates; Daily production; Energy; Mill; Process efficiency; Process throughput; Refined sugars; Refinery; Efficiency; Production; Refining; Sugar factories; Sugars; Energy efficiency; Polygala incarnata	None
None	None	Stream biomonitoring using macroinvertebrates around the globe: a comparison of large-scale programs	Buss D.F., Carlisle D.M., Chon T.-S., Culp J., Harding J.S., Keizer-Vlek H.E., Robinson W.A., Strachan S., Thirion C., Hughes R.M.	2015	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	187	1	10.1007/s10661-014-4132-8	Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Pusan, South Korea; Environment Canada and Canadian Rivers Institute, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada; School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand; Department of Freshwater Ecology, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands; School of Environmental Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Thurgoona, Australia; Environment Canada, #201-401 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Resource Quality Information Services, Department Water and Sanitation, Private Bag X313, Pretoria, South Africa; Amnis Opes Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States	Buss, D.F., Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Carlisle, D.M., U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United States; Chon, T.-S., Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Pusan, South Korea; Culp, J., Environment Canada and Canadian Rivers Institute, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada; Harding, J.S., School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand; Keizer-Vlek, H.E., Department of Freshwater Ecology, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands; Robinson, W.A., School of Environmental Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Thurgoona, Australia; Strachan, S., Environment Canada, #201-401 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Thirion, C., Resource Quality Information Services, Department Water and Sanitation, Private Bag X313, Pretoria, South Africa; Hughes, R.M., Amnis Opes Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States	Water quality agencies and scientists are increasingly adopting standardized sampling methodologies because of the challenges associated with interpreting data derived from dissimilar protocols. Here, we compare 13 protocols for monitoring streams from different regions and countries around the globe. Despite the spatially diverse range of countries assessed, many aspects of bioassessment structure and protocols were similar, thereby providing evidence of key characteristics that might be incorporated in a global sampling methodology. Similarities were found regarding sampler type, mesh size, sampling period, subsampling methods, and taxonomic resolution. Consistent field and laboratory methods are essential for merging data sets collected by multiple institutions to enable large-scale comparisons. We discuss the similarities and differences among protocols and present current trends and future recommendations for monitoring programs, especially for regions where large-scale protocols do not yet exist. We summarize the current state in one of these regions, Latin America, and comment on the possible development path for these techniques in this region. We conclude that several aspects of stream biomonitoring need additional performance evaluation (accuracy, precision, discriminatory power, relative costs), particularly when comparing targeted habitat (only the commonest habitat type) versus site-wide sampling (multiple habitat types), appropriate levels of sampling and processing effort, and standardized indicators to resolve dissimilarities among biomonitoring methods. Global issues such as climate change are creating an environment where there is an increasing need to have universally consistent data collection, processing and storage to enable large-scale trend analysis. Biomonitoring programs following standardized methods could aid international data sharing and interpretation. © 2014, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Biological assessment; Biomonitoring protocols; River management; Standardization; Subsampling taxonomic resolution	Climate change; Digital storage; Ecosystems; Standardization; Water quality; Biological assessment; Biomonitoring; Biomonitoring programs; Discriminatory power; Large-scale programs; River management; Sub-sampling methods; Taxonomic resolution; Data handling; biomonitoring; comparative study; macroinvertebrate; river management; river water; standardization; streamwater; water quality; accuracy; Article; Australia; biological monitoring; Canada; climate change; data analysis; environmental monitoring; European Union; financial management; habitat; information dissemination; information processing; intermethod comparison; laboratory test; macroinvertebrate; methodology; New Zealand; sampler; South Africa; South and Central America; South Korea; standardization; stream (river); taxonomy; time; United States; water quality; water sampling; Latin America	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84936744415	Ceo pay-performance sensitivity in the South African context	Bussin M.	2015	South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences	18	2	10.17159/2222-3436/2015/v18n2a7	Department of Industrial Psychology and Human Resource Management, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Bussin, M., Department of Industrial Psychology and Human Resource Management, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	The topic of executive pay-performance sensitivity has resulted in mixed research findings. Literature related to executive remuneration constructs, company performance measures and the underlying theories is critically reviewed in this article. The literature is compared to research findings within the South African context pre, during and post the Global Financial Crisis of 2008. The researcher found similar results in the South African context compared to research in other countries and industries. The research challenges the notion that there is one dominant theory driving CEO compensation. The principal-agent theory, supported by the optimal contract theory, are foremost during periods of strong economic performance, while the influence of managerial power and other behavioural theories appear to prevail during periods of weak economic performance. This article proposes some critical considerations in order to manage this tension. © 2015, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved.	CEO remuneration; Company performance; Compensation; Governance; Optimum contracting; Pay-performance sensitivity; principal-agent theory; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84948740963	Financial indicators of company performance in different industries that affect CEO remuneration in South Africa	Bussin M., Blair C.	2015	South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences	18	4	10.17159/2222-3436/2015/v18n4a7	Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Business Administration, University of Cumbria, United Kingdom	Bussin, M., Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Blair, C., School of Business Administration, University of Cumbria, United Kingdom	In an attempt to address the growing gap between chief executive officer (CEO) remuneration and that of the general worker, reign in rising CEO remuneration, and justify the portion of long-term incentive pay that makes up the bulk of CEO remuneration, shareholders and other stakeholders are trying to find definitive factors that will link CEO remuneration to company performance. Finding this link has become central to all executive remuneration issues. The results of the studies linking CEO remuneration to company performance are varied and inconclusive, particularly in South Africa. The reason for this is that previous studies have not looked at whether the company performance measures chosen have definite relationships with CEO remuneration in each industry. This study investigated eleven financial indicators of company performance to determine which of them have significant and positive relationships to CEO remuneration in different industries in South Africa. 254 South African listed companies, spread over 5 industries, were analysed for the period 2008 to 2012 using panel data analysis and statistical tests. The results were conclusive, finding performance metrics that had a positive and significant relationship to CEO remuneration in 4 of the 5 industries investigated, as well as over the aggregate of all the industries. © University of Pretoria. All rights reserved.	CEO compensation; Emerging markets; Pay-performance sensitivity; Principle-agent theory; Remuneration; Reward; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33244456606	Hybrid data capture for monitoring patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in urban Botswana	Bussmann H., Wester C.W., Ndwapi N., Vanderwarker C., Gaolathe T., Tirelo G., Avalos A., Moffat H., Marlink R.G.	2006	Bulletin of the World Health Organization	84	2	10.2471/BLT.04.019307	Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Infectious Disease Care Clinic, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana; Department of Medicine, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana; Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States	Bussmann, H., Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Wester, C.W., Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Ndwapi, N., Infectious Disease Care Clinic, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana; Vanderwarker, C., Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Gaolathe, T., Infectious Disease Care Clinic, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana; Tirelo, G., Infectious Disease Care Clinic, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana; Avalos, A., Botswana-Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana; Moffat, H., Department of Medicine, Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana; Marlink, R.G., Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States	Individual patient care and programme evaluation are pivotal for the success of antiretroviral treatment programmes in resource-limited countries. While computer-aided documentation and data storage are indispensable for any large programme, several important issues need to be addressed including which data are to be collected, who collects it and how it is entered into an electronic database. We describe a patient-monitoring approach, which uses patient encounter forms (in hybrid paper + electronic format) based on optical character recognition, piloted at Princess Marina Hospital in Gaborone, Botswana's first public highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) outpatient clinic. Our novel data capture approach collects "key" data for tracking patient and programme outcomes. It saves physician time and does not detract from clinical care.	Automatic data processing; Botswana (source: MeSH, NLM); Computerized; Data collection; Medical records; Medical records systems	antiretrovirus agent; data acquisition; health monitoring; urban population; article; Botswana; computer aided design; drug activity; health program; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; outpatient department; patient monitoring; physician; pilot study; urban area; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Automatic Data Processing; Botswana; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Database Management Systems; Drug Monitoring; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Medical Records Systems, Computerized; Optical Storage Devices; Program Evaluation; RNA, Viral; Time Factors; Africa; Botswana; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930915640	Evaluation of cardiorespiratory, blood gas, and lactate values during extended immobilization of white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum)	Buss P., Olea-Popelka F., Meyer L., Hofmeyr J., Mathebula N., Kruger M., Brüns A., Martin L., Miller M.	2015	Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine	46	2	10.1638/2014-0089R.1	Veterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Private Bag X402, Skukuza, South Africa; Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa; DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Veterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, P.O. Box 110040, Kimberley, South Africa; Research and Scientific Services Department, National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, P.O. Box 754, Pretoria, South Africa	Buss, P., Veterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Private Bag X402, Skukuza, South Africa; Olea-Popelka, F., Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Meyer, L., Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa; Hofmeyr, J., Veterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Private Bag X402, Skukuza, South Africa; Mathebula, N., Veterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Private Bag X402, Skukuza, South Africa, Veterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, P.O. Box 110040, Kimberley, South Africa; Kruger, M., Veterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Private Bag X402, Skukuza, South Africa; Brüns, A., Veterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Private Bag X402, Skukuza, South Africa, Research and Scientific Services Department, National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, P.O. Box 754, Pretoria, South Africa; Martin, L., Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Miller, M., Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Ten white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) were immobilized for a total of 13 procedures in holding facilities in Kruger National Park using etorphine, azaperone, and hyaluronidase to assess the effect of extended immobilization on serial cardiorespiratory, blood gas, and lactate values. Butorphanol was administered intravenously following initial blood collection and physiologic assessment (t = 0). Respiratory and cardiovascular parameters, body temperature, and arterial blood gases were monitored at 10-min intervals for a total of 100 min. Initial parameters at the time of recumbency revealed severe hypoxemia, hypercapnia, tachycardia, an increased alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradient, and mildly elevated lactate levels. At 10 min and 20 min, there were significant (P < 0.05) changes in the following physiologic parameters: heart rate decreased [96 and 80 beats/min, respectively, vs. 120 beats/min], arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) increased [48 and 45 mm Hg, respectively vs. 30 mm Hg], arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation increased [79% and 74%, respectively, vs. 47%], A-a gradient decreased [29.13 and 30.00 mm Hg, respectively, vs. 49.19 mm Hg], and respiratory rate decreased [5 and 5 breaths/min vs. 7 breaths/min]. Blood lactate levels also decreased from 2.54 mM/L to 1.50 and 0.89 mM/L, respectively. Despite initial improvements in blood oxygen levels at t = 10 and 20 min, the rhinoceros remained severely hypoxemic for the remainder of the procedure (median PaO2 = 50.5 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval, 43.8-58.1). Median values for respiratory rate (5 breaths/min) and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2; 68.5 mm Hg) did not change significantly for the remaining 80 min. Median lactate, base excess, bicarbonate, and pH values improved between 20 and 100 min despite the persistent hypercapnia, indicating that the animals adequately compensated for respiratory and lactic acidosis. White rhinoceros were immobilized for 100 min with no negative effects, a desirable outcome if procedures require extended chemical immobilization without oxygen supplementation. © 2015 American Association of Zoo Veterinarians.	Blood gas; butorphanol; cardiorespiratory; Ceratotherium simum; white rhinoceros	Animalia; Ceratotherium simum; Rhinoceros	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-55249105728	Assessment of the socio-economic impacts of quarrying and processing of limestone at Obajana, Nigeria	Busuyi A.T., Frederick C., Fatai I.A.	2008	European Journal of Social Sciences	6	4	None	School of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Mining Engineering, School of Eng. and Eng. Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria	Busuyi, A.T., School of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Frederick, C., School of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Fatai, I.A., Department of Mining Engineering, School of Eng. and Eng. Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria	The persistent high rise in the price of building materials and constant importation of cement in Nigeria requires speedy development of cement factories in country. This research was carried out to assess the socio-economic impacts of quarrying and processing of limestone at Obajana, Nigeria. In order to assess the socio-economic impacts of the operations on the community, questionnaires were distributed to both the staff of the company and the community. The data derived from the questionnaires were subjected to both statistical analysis and chi-square method. The results gotten indicated that the lifestyles of the people are still below high standard with only 7% of the respondents earning above N40,000:000 (forty thousand naira monthly) and majority earn less than N20,000:00 (twenty thousand naira monthly). Also the level of education within the community is poor and there is higher percentage of non-literacy level. The operation has little or no environmental impacts on the community yet due to the fact that the operations/production has not commenced fully. This situation may change in the nearest years to come. When this happen, this work will serve as baseline data for any socio-economic assessment on Obajana. However, recommendations were made on how to improve the literacy level of the community and other impacts.	Limestone; Obajana; Quarrying and processing; Socio-economic	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898994241	Incorporating the effects of increased atmospheric CO2 in watershed model projections of climate change impacts	Butcher J.B., Johnson T.E., Nover D., Sarkar S.	2014	Journal of Hydrology	513	None	10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.03.073	Tetra Tech, Inc., PO Box 14409, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC, United States; U.S. Agency for International Development, West African Regional Office, Accra, Ghana	Butcher, J.B., Tetra Tech, Inc., PO Box 14409, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States; Johnson, T.E., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC, United States; Nover, D., U.S. Agency for International Development, West African Regional Office, Accra, Ghana; Sarkar, S., Tetra Tech, Inc., PO Box 14409, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States	Simulation models such as the Hydrologic Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF) and Soil-Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) are frequently used to project the responses of watershed processes to climate change, but do not always represent the effects of changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations on plant growth. Projected increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations may decrease the need for plants to maintain stomatal conductance to achieve sufficient CO2 inputs, thereby also reducing the transpiration of water with potentially important effects on watershed water balance. We first compare the SWAT model, which provides an option to explicitly represent the effects of increased CO2 to implementations of the SWAT model without this option and to the HSPF model, which does not include a representation of CO2 response. Both models are capable of representing watershed responses to current climatic conditions. For analysis of response to future conditions, the SWAT model with integrated plant growth response to increased CO2 predicts an increase in streamflows relative to models without the CO2 response, consistent with previous research. We then develop methods to incorporate CO2 impacts on evapotranspiration into a physically based modeling framework, such as HSPF, that does not explicitly model plant growth. With these modifications, HSPF also projects an increase in future runoff relative to simulations without accounting for the CO2 effect, although smaller than the increase predicted by SWAT with identical assumptions for stomatal conductance. The results suggest that, while the effect of reduced plant transpiration due to increased atmospheric CO2 is important, it is likely to be over-estimated by both the current formulation of the SWAT model and modified versions that reduce the stomatal conductance response for woody plants. A general approach to modifying watershed models to simulate response of plant transpiration to increased atmospheric CO2 under climate change is also proposed. © 2014 The Authors.	Climate change; Evapotranspiration; HSPF; Stomatal conductance; SWAT	Climate change; Computer simulation; Evapotranspiration; Transpiration; Watersheds; Climate change impact; Climatic conditions; HSPF; Hydrologic simulations; Physically based modeling; Plant transpiration; Stomatal conductance; SWAT; Carbon dioxide; atmospheric gas; carbon dioxide; climate change; concentration (composition); evapotranspiration; growth response; numerical model; stomatal conductance; streamflow; transpiration; watershed	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-13644262402	The negative and positive impacts of HIV/AIDS on democracy in South Africa	Butler A.	2005	Journal of Contemporary African Studies	23	1	10.1080/0258900042000329439	Department of Political Studies, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	Butler, A., Department of Political Studies, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	This article first sets out the reasoning of those who fear that the implications of HIV/AIDS for democratic consolidation in South Africa are profoundly negative. However, the remainder of the text argues that the politics of HIV/AIDS has in fact strengthened democratic institutions and practices over the past decade. Given the immediate threats to democratic consolidation that exist in South Africa today - challenges that I will argue derive from internal dominant party politics, the nature of knowledge creation in the African National Congress (ANC), and a shrinking space for policy contestation - the epidemic may contribute further to the endurance of democracy over coming years. I conclude that scholars should address the pandemic's positive, as well as its inevitably negative, consequences for democracy and governance. © 2005 Journal of Contemporary African Studies.	None	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; democracy; governance approach; human immunodeficiency virus; political development; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885421528	Contrasting Performances of Tourist and Migrant Mobilities in Norwegian Hostels	Butler G., Hannam K.	2013	Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism	13	3	10.1080/15022250.2013.807983	Department of Tourism, School of Humanities, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; School of Events, Tourism and Hospitality, Leeds Metropolitan University, United Kingdom; School of Tourism and Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Butler, G., Department of Tourism, School of Humanities, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia, School of Tourism and Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, South Africa; Hannam, K., School of Events, Tourism and Hospitality, Leeds Metropolitan University, United Kingdom, School of Tourism and Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Hostels are synonymous with independent tourists and frequently identified as spaces of hospitality that enable a number of touristic performances to take place. These performances include resting, relaxation, destination or route planning, and interactions with other likeminded visitors. However, using Oslo, Norway as a research setting, we argue that such places may also permit a range of other performances to take place due to the increasing use of hostels as temporary and semi-permanent housing solutions for migrant populations. This alternative group of hostel users originated from a plethora of different countries and included economic and political migrants from Africa, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. Although hostel spaces provided comfort, safety, and platforms for friendships to prosper for non-tourist hostel users, they also served as settings for largely contrasting performances of immobility to take place. Thus, Oslo's hostels revealed a range of overlapping acts that resulted in a paradoxical ensemble of entangled tourist and non-tourist performances. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	hostels; immobilities; migrants; mobilities; Norway	mobility; tourism; tourist destination; Norway; Oslo [Norway]	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649370194	Purported flaws in management strategy evaluation: Basic problems or misinterpretations?	Butterworth D.S., Bentley N., De Oliveira J.A.A., Donovan G.P., Kell L.T., Parma A.M., Punt A.E., Sainsbury K.J., Smith A.D.M., Stokes T.K.	2010	ICES Journal of Marine Science	67	3	10.1093/icesjms/fsq009	Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Trophia Ltd., PO Box 60, Kaikoura 7300, New Zealand; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom; International Whaling Commission, 135 Station Road, Impington, Cambridge CB24 9NP, United Kingdom; ICCAT Secretariat, Corazon de Maria 8, 280002 Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional Patagonico, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195-5020, United States; CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; University of Tasmania, Private Bag 46, Hobart 7001, Australia; 59 Jubilee Rd., Khandallah, Wellington 6035, New Zealand	Butterworth, D.S., Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Bentley, N., Trophia Ltd., PO Box 60, Kaikoura 7300, New Zealand; De Oliveira, J.A.A., Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, United Kingdom; Donovan, G.P., International Whaling Commission, 135 Station Road, Impington, Cambridge CB24 9NP, United Kingdom; Kell, L.T., ICCAT Secretariat, Corazon de Maria 8, 280002 Madrid, Spain; Parma, A.M., Centro Nacional Patagonico, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; Punt, A.E., School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195-5020, United States, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; Sainsbury, K.J., University of Tasmania, Private Bag 46, Hobart 7001, Australia; Smith, A.D.M., CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; Stokes, T.K., 59 Jubilee Rd., Khandallah, Wellington 6035, New Zealand	Rochet and Rice, while recognizing management strategy evaluation (MSE) as an important step forward in fisheries management, level a number of criticisms at its implementation. Some of their points are sound, such as the need for care in representing uncertainties and for thorough documentation of the process. However, others evidence important misunderstandings. Although the difficulties in estimating tail probabilities and risks, as discussed by Rochet and Rice, are well known, their arguments that Efron's nonparametric bootstrap re-sampling method underestimates the probabilities of low values are flawed. In any case, though, the focus of MSEs is primarily on comparing performance and robustness across alternative management procedures (MPs), rather than on estimating absolute levels of risk. Qualitative methods can augment MSE, but their limitations also need to be recognized. Intelligence certainly needs to play a role in fisheries management, but not at the level of tinkering in the provision of annual advice, which Rochet and Rice apparently advocate, inter alia because this runs the risk of advice following noise rather than signal. Instead, intelligence should come into play in the exercise of oversight through the process of multiannual reviews of MSE and associated MPs. A number of examples are given of the process of interaction with stakeholders which should characterize MSE. © 2010 UK and Australian Crown Copyright.	Management procedure; Management strategy evaluation; Monte Carlo simulation; Risk estimation; Uncertainty	bootstrapping; fishery management; management practice; Monte Carlo analysis; noise; qualitative analysis; risk assessment; sampling; stakeholder; strategic approach; theoretical study; uncertainty analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925228378	Development of a flow cytometric bead immunoassay and its assessment as a possible aid to potency evaluation of enterotoxaemia vaccines	Buys A., Macdonald R., Crafford J., Theron J.	2014	Journal of the South African Veterinary Association	85	1	10.4102/jsava.v85i1.977	Quality Control Department, Onderstepoort Biological Products, South Africa; Department Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Buys, A., Quality Control Department, Onderstepoort Biological Products, South Africa; Macdonald, R., Quality Control Department, Onderstepoort Biological Products, South Africa; Crafford, J., Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Theron, J., Department Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Enterotoxaemia, an economically important disease of sheep, goats and calves, is caused by systemic effects of the epsilon toxin produced by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium perfringens type D. The only practical means of controlling the occurrence of enterotoxaemia is to immunise animals by vaccination. The vaccine is prepared by deriving a toxoid from the bacterial culture filtrate and the potency of the vaccine is tested with the in vivo mouse neutralisation test (MNT). Due to ethical, economic and technical reasons, alternative in vitro assays are needed. In this study an indirect cytometric bead immunoassay (I-CBA) was developed for use in vaccine potency testing and the results were compared with those obtained using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) and the MNT. Sera were collected from guinea pigs immunised with three different production batches of enterotoxaemia vaccine and the levels of anti-epsilon toxin antibodies were determined. Although the intra- and inter-assay variability was satisfactory, epsilon antitoxin levels determined by both the I-ELISA and indirect cytometric bead immunoassay (I-CBA) tests were higher than those of the MNT assay. In contrast to the MNT, all of the serum samples were identified as having antitoxin levels above the required minimum (not less than 5 U/mL). These results indicate that the respective in vitro tests in their current formats are not yet suitable alternatives to the in vivo MNT. The growing demand for a more humane, cost-effective and efficient method for testing the potency of enterotoxaemia vaccines, however, provides a strong impetus for further optimisation and standardisation of the I-CBA assay but further analytical research is required. © 2014. The Authors.	None	antitoxin; bacterial vaccine; enterotoxemia vaccine; toxin antibody; unclassified drug; bacterial toxin; bacterial vaccine; Clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin; anaerobic bacterium; Article; bacterium culture; Clostridium perfringens; Clostridium perfringens type d; drug potency; drug screening; enterotoxemia; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; flow cytometry; guinea pig; immunoassay; in vitro study; in vivo study; mouse; nonhuman; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; vaccination; vaccine production; animal; enterotoxemia; flow cytometry; immunoassay; immunology; procedures; randomization; serodiagnosis; veterinary; Animalia; Bacteria (microorganisms); Capra hircus; Cavia; Clostridium perfringens; Ovis aries; Animals; Bacterial Toxins; Bacterial Vaccines; Clostridium perfringens; Enterotoxemia; Flow Cytometry; Guinea Pigs; Immunoassay; Mice; Neutralization Tests; Random Allocation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34447262129	Functional capacity evaluation: An essential component of South African occupational therapy work practice services	Buys T., van Biljon H.	2007	Work	29	1	None	Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Care Sciences, University of Pretoria, PO Box 667, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Private Practitioner in Vocational Rehabilitation, Johannesburg, South Africa	Buys, T., Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Care Sciences, University of Pretoria, PO Box 667, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; van Biljon, H., Private Practitioner in Vocational Rehabilitation, Johannesburg, South Africa	South African occupational therapists have been involved in the delivery of work practice services since the inception of the profession in this country. Initial development in this area of practice appeared slow but following the acceptance of South Africa's first democratic Constitution in 1996, many opportunities for service delivery were facilitated by the implementation of disability equity legislation. One of the key services offered by practitioners is Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE). Although the outcomes of FCE are many, the process in essentially the same. This entails: referral, the initial interview, evaluation of performance components and ADL, vocational evaluation, obtaining collateral and the closure interview, the work visit, hypothesis testing and reporting. This article reports on the Functional Capacity Evaluation process as followed by South African occupational therapists in various contexts. © 2007 IOS Press. All rights reserved.	Employment equity legislation; People with disabilities; Work practice services	article; clinical practice; daily life activity; functional status; health care delivery; health service; human; interview; job performance; law; occupational therapist; occupational therapy; physical disability; South Africa; vocational rehabilitation; Humans; Occupational Therapy; South Africa; Work Capacity Evaluation	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941992325	Evaluating the impact of Zimbabwe's prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission program: Population-level estimates of HIV-free infant survival pre-option A	Buzdugan R., McCoy S.I., Watadzaushe C., Dufour M.-S.K., Petersen M., Dirawo J., Mushavi A., Mujuru H.A., Mahomva A., Musarandega R., Hakobyan A., Mugurungi O., Cowan F.M., Padian N.S.	2015	PLoS ONE	10	8	10.1371/journal.pone.0134571	School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States; Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Research Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe; University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Harare, Zimbabwe; Children's Investment Fund Foundation, London, United Kingdom; Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom	Buzdugan, R., School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States; McCoy, S.I., School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States; Watadzaushe, C., Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Research Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Dufour, M.-S.K., School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Petersen, M., School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States; Dirawo, J., Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Research Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mushavi, A., Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mujuru, H.A., University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mahomva, A., Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Harare, Zimbabwe; Musarandega, R., Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Harare, Zimbabwe; Hakobyan, A., Children's Investment Fund Foundation, London, United Kingdom; Mugurungi, O., Ministry of Health and Child Care, Harare, Zimbabwe; Cowan, F.M., Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Research Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Padian, N.S., School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States	Objective: We estimated HIV-free infant survival and mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) rates in Zimbabwe, some of the first community-based estimates from a UNAIDS priority country. Methods: In 2012 we surveyed mother-infant pairs residing in the catchment areas of 157 health facilities randomly selected from 5 of 10 provinces in Zimbabwe. Enrolled infants were born 9-18 months before the survey. We collected questionnaires, blood samples for HIV testing, and verbal autopsies for deceased mothers/infants. Estimates were assessed among i) all HIV-exposed infants, as part of an impact evaluation of Option A of the 2010 WHO guidelines (rolled out in Zimbabwe in 2011), and ii) the subgroup of infants unexposed to Option A. We compared province-level MTCT rates measured among women in the community with MTCT rates measured using program monitoring data from facilities serving those communities. Findings: Among 8568 women with known HIV serostatus, 1107 (12.9%) were HIV-infected. Among all HIV-exposed infants, HIV-free infant survival was 90.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 88.7-92.7) and MTCT was 8.8% (95% CI: 6.9-11.1). Sixty-six percent of HIV-exposed infants were still breastfeeding. Among the 762 infants born before Option A was implemented, 90.5%(95% CI: 88.1-92.5) were alive and HIV-uninfected at 9-18 months of age, and 9.1% (95%CI: 7.1-11.7) were HIV-infected. In four provinces, the community-based MTCT rate was higher than the facility-based MTCT rate. In Harare, the community and facility-based rates were 6.0% and 9.1%, respectively. Conclusion: By 2012 Zimbabwe had made substantial progress towards the elimination of MTCT. Our HIV-free infant survival and MTCT estimates capture HIV transmissions during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding regardless of whether or not mothers accessed health services. These estimates also provide a baseline against which to measure the impact of Option A guidelines (and subsequently Option B+).	None	antiretrovirus agent; adolescent; adult; Article; blood sampling; breast feeding; community; controlled study; cross-sectional study; delivery; female; health care access; health care facility; HIV test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infant; major clinical study; monitoring; practice guideline; pregnancy; questionnaire; survival rate; vertical transmission; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904411894	Operational evaluation of the performance of a solar powered absorption system in Pretoria	Bvumbe T.J., Inambao F.L.	2013	Journal of Energy in Southern Africa	24	3	None	School of Mechanical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Bvumbe, T.J., School of Mechanical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Inambao, F.L., School of Mechanical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	A 35kW pilot solar powered absorption cooling system was designed and constructed at Moot Hospital in Pretoria to investigate the technical and economic performance of the technology. Technically, the system produced an estimated 43.938MWh of cooling energy per year and reached a maximum power of 31kW and operated with an average COP of 0.63, which compares favourably with the 0.7 given by the manufacturer. This system has since been decommissioned. Unfortunately, due to a lack of standard design and operation information, the system was overdesigned. As a result, the economic performance of this technology could not be accurately determined.	Economic performance; LiBr-water; Solar powered absorption cooling; System performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953635043	Evaluation of seven tests for the rapid detection of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Uganda	Bwanga F., Joloba M.L., Haile M., Hoffner S.	2010	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	14	7	None	Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; TB Unit, Department of Bacteriology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden	Bwanga, F., Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, TB Unit, Department of Bacteriology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Joloba, M.L., Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Haile, M., TB Unit, Department of Bacteriology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Hoffner, S., TB Unit, Department of Bacteriology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden	SETTINGS: National Tuberculosis (TB) Reference Laboratory and Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate head-to-head rapid tests for drug susceptibility testing (DST) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against rifampicin (RMP) and isoniazid (INH) in a resource-limited setting. METHODS: Thirty-one well-characterised strains of M. tuberculosis were tested with the nitrate reductase assay (NRA), microscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS), MGITTM 960 (Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube 960), Genotype® MTBDRplus, Alamar blue, MTT and resazurin assays. The proportion method on Löwenstein-Jensen medium was used as the reference test. RESULTS: NRA correctly identifi ed the resistant strains, with 100% sensitivity and specifi city. MGIT 960 detected all multidrug-resistant strains but missed one RMPmonoresistant strain. Genotype MTBDRplus detected all RMP-resistant strains, but the sensitivity for detection of INH resistance was lower (88%). Sensitivity and specifi city ranged from 86% to 100% for MODS and from 57% to 100% for the Alamar blue, MTT and resazurin assays. Test results were obtained within 2-14 days. CONCLUSION: In the study setting, NRA, MGIT 960 and Genotype MTBDRplus gave excellent detection of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, with signifi cantly shorter time to results compared to conventional testing. © 2010 The Union.	Drug susceptibility testing; Drug-resistant tuberculosis; M. tuberculosis; MDR-TB	3 (4,5 dimethyl 2 thiazolyl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide; isoniazid; nitrate reductase; resazurin; rifampicin; isoniazid; rifampicin; tuberculostatic agent; article; assay; bacterial growth; bacterial strain; bacterium detection; bacterium isolate; bacterium isolation; colorimetry; controlled study; culture medium; drug resistant tuberculosis; drug sensitivity; enzyme assay; genotype; human; lung tuberculosis; microscopic observation drug susceptibility; microscopy; multidrug resistance; mycobacterium growth indicator tube 960; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nitrate reductase assay; nonhuman; observation; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; Uganda; comparative study; drug effects; isolation and purification; microbial sensitivity test; microbiology; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; time; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Antitubercular Agents; Humans; Isoniazid; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Rifampin; Sensitivity and Specificity; Time Factors; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Uganda	None
WoS	WOS:000258897000016	An evaluation of intravaginal rings as a potential HIV prevention device in urban Kenya: Behaviors and attitudes that might influence uptake within a high-risk population	Bwayo, Job Joab,del Rio, Carlos,Hoang, Tina Dan My,Priddy, Frances H.,Smith, Donna Jo,Wakasiaka, Sabina	2008	JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH	17	6	10.1089/jwh.2007.0529	Emory University, University of Nairobi	"Bwayo, Job Joab: University of Nairobi","Hoang, Tina Dan My: Emory University","Priddy, Frances H.: Emory University","Smith, Donna Jo: Emory University","Wakasiaka, Sabina: University of Nairobi",	Purpose: We sought to assess the potential acceptability of intravaginal rings (IVRs) as an HIV prevention method among at-risk women and men. Methods: We conducted a qualitative assessment of initial attitudes toward IVRs, current HIV prevention methods, and common behavioral practices among female sex workers (FSWs) and men who frequent FSWs in Mukuru, an urban slum community in Nairobi, Kenya. Nineteen women and 21 men took part in six focus group discussions. Results: Most participants, both male and female, responded positively to the concept of an IVR as a device for delivering microbicides. Women particularly liked the convenience offered by its slow-release capacity. Some female respondents raised concerns about whether male customers would discover the ring and respond negatively, whereas others thought it unlikely that their clients would feel the ring. Focus groups conducted with male clients of FSWs suggested that many would be enthusiastic about women, and particularly sex workers, using a microbicide ring, but that women's fears about negative responses to covert use were well founded. Overall, this high-risk population of FSWs and male clients in Nairobi was very open to the IVR as a potential HIV prevention device. Conclusion: Themes that emerged from the focus groups highlight the importance of understanding attitudes toward IVRs as well as cultural practices that may impact IVR use in high-risk populations when pursuing clinical development of this potential HIV prevention device.	,ACCEPTABILITY,"DRY SEX",INFECTION,MICROBICIDE,SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES,TRIAL,"VAGINAL RING",WOMEN	None	None
WoS	WOS:000336385000012	Animal source foods have a positive impact on the primary school test scores of Kenyan schoolchildren in a cluster-randomised, controlled feeding intervention trial	Bwibo, Nimrod O.,Drorbaugh, Natalie,Galal, Osman M.,Hulett, Judie L.,Neumann, Charlotte G.,Weiss, Robert E.	2014	BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION	111	5	10.1017/S0007114513003310	University of California Los Angeles, University of California System, University of Nairobi	"Bwibo, Nimrod O.: University of Nairobi","Drorbaugh, Natalie: University of California Los Angeles","Drorbaugh, Natalie: University of California System","Galal, Osman M.: University of California Los Angeles","Galal, Osman M.: University of California System","Hulett, Judie L.: University of California Los Angeles","Hulett, Judie L.: University of California System","Weiss, Robert E.: University of California Los Angeles","Weiss, Robert E.: University of California System",	Micronutrient deficiencies and suboptimal energy intake are widespread in rural Kenya, with detrimental effects on child growth and development. Sporadic school feeding programmes rarely include animal source foods (ASF). In the present study, a cluster-randomised feeding trial was undertaken to determine the impact of snacks containing ASF on district-wide, end-term standardised school test scores and nutrient intake. A total of twelve primary schools were randomly assigned to one of three isoenergetic feeding groups (a local plantbased stew (githeri) with meat, githeri plus whole milk or githeri with added oil) or a control group receiving no intervention feeding. After the initial term that served as baseline, children were fed at school for five consecutive terms over two school years from 1999 to 2001. Longitudinal analysis was used controlling for average energy intake, school attendance, and baseline socio-economic status, age, sex and maternal literacy. Children in the Meat group showed significantly greater improvements in test scores than those in all the other groups, and the Milk group showed significantly greater improvements in test scores than the Plain Githeri (githeri + oil) and Control groups. Compared with the Control group, the Meat group showed significant improvements in test scores in Arithmetic, English, Kiembu, Kiswahili and Geography. The Milk group showed significant improvements compared with the Control group in test scores in English, Kiswahili, Geography and Science. Folate, Fe, available Fe, energy per body weight, vitamin B-12, Zn and riboflavin intake were significant contributors to the change in test scores. The greater improvements in test scores of children receiving ASF indicate improved academic performance, which can result in greater academic achievement.	"animal source foods",KENYA,SCHOOLCHILDREN,"School test scores",ACADEMIC-PERFORMANCE,CHILD-DEVELOPMENT,COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT,"IMPROVE DIETARY QUALITY",IRON-DEFICIENCY,"MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES","RURAL KENYA",SUPPLEMENTATION,"VITAMIN-B12 DEFICIENCY",ZINC	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79957479196	The impact of college entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention to start a business in Uganda	Byabashaija W., Katono I.	2011	Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship	16	1	10.1142/S1084946711001768	Makerere University Business School, P. O. Box 1337, Kampala, Uganda; Uganda Christian University, P. O. Box 4, Mukono, Uganda	Byabashaija, W., Makerere University Business School, P. O. Box 1337, Kampala, Uganda; Katono, I., Uganda Christian University, P. O. Box 4, Mukono, Uganda	This paper reports results of a longitudinal quasi-experimental study that focused on the impact of entrepreneurial education and societal subjective norms on entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions of university students in Uganda to start a business. Data were collected in two waves: wave one before the entrepreneurship course and wave two after the entrepreneurship course four months later. The sample composed of college students. Analyses included tests of significance of changes in the attitudes and intentions of students after the entrepreneurship course, the mediating role of attitudes and moderating role of employment expectations. The results show small but significant changes in attitudes and a significant mediating role of attitudes perceived feasibility, perceived desirability and self-efficacy, but non-significant moderating influence of employment expectations. The findings offer lessons for policy makers and more questions for researchers. © World Scientific Publishing Company.	entrepreneurial attitudes; Entrepreneurial intentions; social subjective norms	None	None
WoS	WOS:000287512600001	Implementing accountability for reasonableness framework at district level in Tanzania: a realist evaluation	Byskov, Jens,Hurtig, Anna-Karin,Kamuzora, Peter,Maluka, Stephen,Ndawi, Benedict,Olsen, Oystein E.,SanSebastian, Miguel	2011	IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE	6	None	10.1186/1748-5908-6-11	Umea University, University of Copenhagen, University of Dar es Salaam, Haydom Lutheran Hosp, PHCI	"Byskov, Jens: University of Copenhagen","Hurtig, Anna-Karin: Umea University","Kamuzora, Peter: University of Dar es Salaam","SanSebastian, Miguel: Umea University",	Background: Despite the growing importance of the Accountability for Reasonableness (A4R) framework in priority setting worldwide, there is still an inadequate understanding of the processes and mechanisms underlying its influence on legitimacy and fairness, as conceived and reflected in service management processes and outcomes. As a result, the ability to draw scientifically sound lessons for the application of the framework to services and interventions is limited. This paper evaluates the experiences of implementing the A4R approach in Mbarali District, Tanzania, in order to find out how the innovation was shaped, enabled, and constrained by the interaction between contexts, mechanisms and outcomes. Methods: This study draws on the principles of realist evaluation - a largely qualitative approach, chiefly concerned with testing and refining programme theories by exploring the complex interactions of contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes. Mixed methods were used in data collection, including individual interviews, non-participant observation, and document reviews. A thematic framework approach was adopted for the data analysis. Results: The study found that while the A4R approach to priority setting was helpful in strengthening transparency, accountability, stakeholder engagement, and fairness, the efforts at integrating it into the current district health system were challenging. Participatory structures under the decentralisation framework, central government's call for partnership in district-level planning and priority setting, perceived needs of stakeholders, as well as active engagement between researchers and decision makers all facilitated the adoption and implementation of the innovation. In contrast, however, limited local autonomy, low level of public awareness, unreliable and untimely funding, inadequate accountability mechanisms, and limited local resources were the major contextual factors that hampered the full implementation. Conclusion: This study documents an important first step in the effort to introduce the ethical framework A4R into district planning processes. This study supports the idea that a greater involvement and accountability among local actors through the A4R process may increase the legitimacy and fairness of priority-setting decisions. Support from researchers in providing a broader and more detailed analysis of health system elements, and the socio-cultural context, could lead to better prediction of the effects of the innovation and pinpoint stakeholders' concerns, thereby illuminating areas that require special attention to promote sustainability.	,CANADA,DECISION-MAKERS,FAIRNESS,HEALTH-CARE,PRIORITY,UGANDA	None	None
WoS	WOS:000288485500014	Decentralized health care priority-setting in Tanzania: Evaluating against the accountability for reasonableness framework	Byskov, Jens,Hurtig, Anna-Karin,Kamuzora, Peter,Maluka, Stephen,Ndawi, Benedict,Olsen, Oystein E.,Sebastian, Miguel San,Shayo, Elizabeth	2010	SOCIAL SCIENCE &amp; MEDICINE	71	4	10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.04.035	Umea University, University of Copenhagen, University of Dar es Salaam, DBL Ctr Hlth Res & Dev, Haydom Lutheran Hosp, Natl Inst Med Res NIMR, Primary Hlth Care Inst PHCI	"Byskov, Jens: University of Copenhagen","Hurtig, Anna-Karin: Umea University","Kamuzora, Peter: University of Dar es Salaam","Sebastian, Miguel San: Umea University",	Priority-setting has become one of the biggest challenges faced by health decision-makers worldwide. Fairness is a key goal of priority-setting and Accountability for Reasonableness has emerged as a guiding framework for fair priority-setting. This paper describes the processes of setting health care priorities in Mbarali district, Tanzania, and evaluates the descriptions against Accountability for Reasonableness. Key informant interviews were conducted with district health managers, local government officials and other stakeholders using a semi-structured interview guide. Relevant documents were also gathered and group priority-setting in the district was observed. The results indicate that, while Tanzania has a decentralized public health care system, the reality of the district level priority-setting process was that it was not nearly as participatory as the official guidelines suggest it should have been. Priority-setting usually occurred in the context of budget cycles and the process was driven by historical allocation. Stakeholders' involvement in the process was minimal. Decisions (but not the reasoning behind them) were publicized through circulars and notice boards, but there were no formal mechanisms in place to ensure that this information reached the public. There were neither formal mechanisms for challenging decisions nor an adequate enforcement mechanism to ensure that decisions were made in a fair and equitable manner. Therefore, priority-setting in Mbarali district did not satisfy all four conditions of Accountability for Reasonableness; namely relevance, publicity, appeals and revision, and enforcement. This paper aims to make two important contributions to this problematic situation. First, it provides empirical analysis of priority-setting at the district level in the contexts of low-income countries. Second, it provides guidance to decision-makers on how to improve fairness, legitimacy, and sustainability of the priority-setting process. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	"accountability for reasonableness",DECENTRALIZATION,"HEALTH SYSTEMS",PRIORITY-SETTING,Tanzania,CANADA,DECISION-MAKERS,FAIRNESS,ONTARIO	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-63449127156	Investigation of the validity of the kinetic plot method to predict the performance of coupled column systems operated at very high pressures under different thermal conditions	Cabooter D., Lestremau F., de Villiers A., Broeckhoven K., Lynen F., Sandra P., Desmet G.	2009	Journal of Chromatography A	1216	18	10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.079	Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Pfizer Global Research and Development, Analytical Research and Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom; University of Stellenbosch, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Pfizer Analytical Research Center (PARC), Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium	Cabooter, D., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Lestremau, F., Pfizer Global Research and Development, Analytical Research and Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom; de Villiers, A., University of Stellenbosch, Department of Chemistry, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Broeckhoven, K., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Lynen, F., Pfizer Analytical Research Center (PARC), Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Sandra, P., Pfizer Analytical Research Center (PARC), Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Desmet, G., Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium	The present study investigates how strong the kinetic plot method is influenced by the changes in plate height, retention factor and apparent column permeability that arise under conditions of very high pressure. More precisely, the study investigates how well a set of performance measurements conducted on a single short column can be used to predict the performance of a long sequence of coupled columns. This has been investigated for the two practically most relevant thermal conditions, i.e., that of a forced-air oven and that of a still-air oven. Measuring column performance data for acetophenone and benzene on a series of coupled 3.5 μm columns that could be operated up to 1000 bar, it was found that the kinetic plot method provides accurate predictions of time versus efficiency for the still-air oven systems, over the entire range of investigated pressures and column lengths (up to 60 cm), provided k′ and Kv0 are evaluated at the maximal pressure. For the forced-air oven which leads to worse performances than the still-air oven, the kinetic plot prediction is less accurate, partly because the thermal conditions (near-isothermal) tend to vary if the number of coupled columns increases. The fact that the thermal conditions of the column wall might vary with the column length is an additional complexity making very-high pressure separations less predictable and harder to interpret and model. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Adiabatic conditions; Isothermal conditions; Kinetic plot method; Ultra high pressure; Validation	Adiabatic conditions; Isothermal conditions; Kinetic plot method; Ultra high pressure; Validation; Benzene; High pressure liquid chromatography; Ketones; Ovens; Stoves; Time series; Particle size analysis; acetophenone; benzene; accuracy; article; hyperbarism; performance measurement system; prediction; priority journal; temperature; validity; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Kinetics; Pressure; Temperature	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247116067	Role of the data safety and monitoring board in an international trial	Caceres C.F., Celentano D.D., Coates T.J., Hartwell T.D., Kasprzyk D., Kelly J.A., Kozlov A.P., Pequegnat W., Rotheram-Borus M.J., Solomon S., Woelk G., Wu Z.	2007	AIDS	21	None	10.1097/01.aids.0000266462.33891.0b	Cayetano Heredia University (UPCH), Costa Rica; Johns Hopkins University, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), United States; RTI International, United States; Medical College of Wisconsin, United States; Biomedical Center, St. Petersburg State University, Russian Federation; National Institute of Mental Health; UCLA, United States; YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE), India; University of Zimbabwe Medical School, Zimbabwe; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China	Caceres, C.F., Cayetano Heredia University (UPCH), Costa Rica; Celentano, D.D., Johns Hopkins University, United States; Coates, T.J., David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), United States; Hartwell, T.D., RTI International, United States; Kasprzyk, D.; Kelly, J.A., Medical College of Wisconsin, United States; Kozlov, A.P., Biomedical Center, St. Petersburg State University, Russian Federation; Pequegnat, W., National Institute of Mental Health; Rotheram-Borus, M.J., UCLA, United States; Solomon, S., YRG Centre for AIDS Research and Education (YRG CARE), India; Woelk, G., University of Zimbabwe Medical School, Zimbabwe; Wu, Z., Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China	OBJECTIVE: To describe the composition and role of the data safety and monitoring board (DSMB) for the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial. DESIGN: NIMH appointed to the DSMB nine members representing the following areas of expertise: prevention science, ethnography, infectious diseases (especially HIV and sexually transmitted diseases), laboratory diagnostics, clinical practice, methodology, international trial experience, statistics, and ethics. METHODS: The DSMB assessed the overall study for any concern about plans or implementation and reviewed cumulative study data to evaluate the safety of study participants, the ongoing conduct of the study, and the scientific validity and integrity of the Trial. Because of the Trial's international scope, the DSMB examined the effects of cultural differences on study implementation and fidelity. RESULTS: Among the DSMB recommendations that strengthened the Trial was one to conduct initial epidemiological studies of the venues selected for the intervention to verify risk and to establish intraclass correlation coefficients that could be used to calculate appropriate sample sizes. CONCLUSIONS: The DSMB played a critical role in this Trial. Because members have the expertise required to monitor the Trial, are not involved in the daily management of the Trial, and can review interim analyses and adverse event reports, they are in an excellent position to provide expert advice to ensure that the Trial's goals are achieved and that NIH funds are well invested. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.	Community popular opinion leader; Data safety and monitoring board; HIV; Sexually transmitted diseases	article; clinical practice; cultural factor; data analysis; ethics; ethnography; health care organization; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; infection; laboratory test; medical research; methodology; monitoring; policy; priority journal; sample size; sexually transmitted disease; statistical analysis; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; China; Clinical Trials Data Monitoring Committees; Community Networks; Confidentiality; Data Collection; Developing Countries; Female; Humans; India; International Cooperation; Male; Multicenter Studies; National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.); Peru; Randomized Controlled Trials; Research Design; Risk Reduction Behavior; Russia; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; United States; Zimbabwe	None
None	None	Maize production in a changing climate. impacts, adaptation, and mitigation strategies	Cairns J.E., Sonder K., Zaidi P.H., Verhulst N., Mahuku G., Babu R., Nair S.K., Das B., Govaerts B., Vinayan M.T., Rashid Z., Noor J.J., Devi P., San Vicente F., Prasanna B.M.	2012	Advances in Agronomy	114	None	10.1016/B978-0-12-394275-3.00006-7	International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya	Cairns, J.E., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Sonder, K., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Zaidi, P.H., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Verhulst, N., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Mahuku, G., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Babu, R., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Nair, S.K., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Das, B., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya; Govaerts, B., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Vinayan, M.T., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Rashid, Z., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Noor, J.J., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Devi, P., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; San Vicente, F., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Prasanna, B.M., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya	Plant breeding and improved management options have made remarkable progress in increasing crop yields during the past century. However, climate change projections suggest that large yield losses will be occurring in many regions, particularly within sub-Saharan Africa. The development of climate-ready germplasm to offset these losses is of the upmost importance. Given the time lag between the development of improved germplasm and adoption in farmers' fields, the development of improved breeding pipelines needs to be a high priority. Recent advances in molecular breeding provide powerful tools to accelerate breeding gains and dissect stress adaptation. This review focuses on achievements in stress tolerance breeding and physiology and presents future tools for quick and efficient germplasm development. Sustainable agronomic and resource management practices can effectively contribute to climate change mitigation. Management options to increase maize system resilience to climate-related stresses and mitigate the effects of future climate change are also discussed. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.	Abiotic stress; Adaptation; Biotic stress; Climate change; Climate projections; Maize; Mitigation; Sub-Saharan Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865385739	Local storages: The impact on hydrology and implications for policy making in irrigation systems	Cai X., Cui Y., Dai J., Luo Y.	2012	Water International	37	4	10.1080/02508060.2012.707380	Southern African Office, International Water Management Institute, Pretoria, South Africa; State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Guilin University of Technology, Guilin City, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China	Cai, X., Southern African Office, International Water Management Institute, Pretoria, South Africa; Cui, Y., State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Dai, J., Guilin University of Technology, Guilin City, China; Luo, Y., State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China	OASIS, an irrigation diagnosis model, is applied to the Zhanghe Irrigation System in central China to investigate the contribution of smaller local storages (in "melons on the vine" configuration) as compared with the main reservoir. Results show that local storages are more important in normal-to-wet years, while the main reservoir is critical in dry years, which implies a strong policy correction relevant to many parts of the world. Balanced investment in various storage infrastructures with associated management practices is a cost-effective strategy for irrigation development. © Copyright 2012 International Water Resources Association.	hydrology; irrigation; local storages; OASIS; water reuse	None	None
WoS	WOS:000287165400017	The contribution of South African curricula to prepare health professionals for working in rural or under-served areas in South Africa: A peer review evaluation	Cakwe, M.,CHEER,Reid, S. J.	2011	SAMJ SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL	101	1	None	University of Cape Town, University of Kwazulu Natal	"Cakwe, M.: University of Kwazulu Natal","Reid, S. J.: University of Cape Town"	Setting. The Collaboration for Health Equity through Education and Research (CHEER) was formed in 2003 to examine strategies that would increase the production of health professionals who choose to practise in rural and under-served areas in South Africa. Objectives. We aimed to identify how each faculty is preparing its students for service in rural or under-served areas. Methods. Peer reviews were conducted at all nine participating universities. A case study approach was used, with each peer review constituting its own study but following a common protocol and tools. Each research team comprised at least three reviewers from different universities, and each review was conducted over at least 3 days on site. The participating faculties were assessed on 11 themes, including faculty mission statements, resource allocation, student selection, first exposure of students to rural and under-served areas, length of exposure, practical experience, theoretical input, involvement with the community, relationship with the health service, assessment of students and research and programme evaluation. Results. With a few exceptions, most themes were assessed as inadequate or adequate with respect to the preparation of students for practice in rural or under-served areas after qualification, despite implicit intentions to the contrary at certain faculties. Conclusions. Common challenges, best practices and potential solutions have been identified through this project. Greater priority must be given to supporting rural teaching sites in terms of resources and teaching capacity, in partnership with government agencies.	,CHOICE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949664163	Decision support for evaluating player performance in rugby union	Calder J.M., Durbach I.N.	2015	International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching	10	1	None	Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Calder, J.M., Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Durbach, I.N., Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Many professional rugby teams collect extensive data on player performance, but the synthesis of this data into overall evaluations and subsequent selections is still largely left to the expert but unassisted judgment of coaching staff. Decision support systems are designed to assist this process by providing a framework for making decisions in a structured, transparent way. In this article we develop a decision support tool to assist performance evaluation in rugby. The method considers player performance over a range of attributes and addresses uncertainty both in the assessment of performance and in preferences for certain aspects of the game over others. We illustrate the approach using data collected for the 2008 and 2009 Super Rugby tournament.	Performance Analysis; Player Evaluation; Rugby Football; Sport Analytics	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-10444240254	Exposure to 2,4-decadienal negatively impacts upon marine invertebrate larval fitness	Caldwell G.S., Lewis C., Olive P.J.W., Bentley M.G.	2005	Marine Environmental Research	59	5	10.1016/j.marenvres.2004.06.005	Sch. of Mar. Science and Technology, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Ridley Bldg., Claremont Rd., N., United Kingdom; Dept. of Biodiv. and Conserv. Biol., Intl. Ocean Inst.-Southern Africa, Univ. of the W. Cape, South Africa, South Africa	Caldwell, G.S., Sch. of Mar. Science and Technology, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Ridley Bldg., Claremont Rd., N., United Kingdom; Lewis, C., Sch. of Mar. Science and Technology, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Ridley Bldg., Claremont Rd., N., United Kingdom, Dept. of Biodiv. and Conserv. Biol., Intl. Ocean Inst.-Southern Africa, Univ. of the W. Cape, South Africa, South Africa; Olive, P.J.W., Sch. of Mar. Science and Technology, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Ridley Bldg., Claremont Rd., N., United Kingdom; Bentley, M.G., Sch. of Mar. Science and Technology, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Ridley Bldg., Claremont Rd., N., United Kingdom	Diatoms liberate volatile, biologically active unsaturated aldehydes following cell damage, which negatively impact upon invertebrate reproductive processes such as fertilization, embryogenesis and larval survival. 2,4-Decadienal is frequently identified among the aldehydes produced and is one of the more biologically active. The majority of studies which have examined the toxic effects of diatom aldehydes to invertebrate reproduction have scored egg production and/or hatching success as indicators of biological impacts. There are very few studies which have dealt specifically with the impacts of diatom-derived aldehydes on larval fitness. Larval stages of the polychaetes Arenicola marina and Nereis virens and the echinoderms Asterias rubens and Psammechinus miliaris exposed to 2,4-decadienal at sub 1 μg ml -1 concentrations suffered reduced survival over the incubation period (day 1-8 post fertilization) with detectable differences for the polychates at a concentration of 0.005 and 0.01-0.1 μg ml -1 for the echinoderms. Susceptibility of larval N. virens was investigated using stage specific 24 h exposures at 2,4-decadienal concentrations up to 1.5 μg ml -1. A clear stage specific effect was found, with earlier larval stages most vulnerable. Nectochaete larvae (9-10 d) showed no reduction in survival at the concentrations assayed. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), defined as random deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry, was used to analyse fitness of larval P. miliaris exposed to 2,4-decadienal at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1 μg ml -1. The degree and frequency of asymmetrical development increased with increasing 2,4-decadienal concentration. Equally, as FA increased larval survival decreased. These results provide further support for the teratogenic nature of 2,4-decadienal and its negative impact on invertebrate larval fitness. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Aldehyde; Algal toxins; Decadienal; Developmental abnormality; Fluctuating asymmetry; Larval bioassay; Larval fitness; Marine invertebrates	2,4-decadienal; Cell damage; Embryogenesis; Fertilization; Aldehydes; Cells; Marine biology; Radon; Toxicity; Radiation hazards; 2,4 decadienal; aldehyde derivative; unclassified drug; aldehyde; biogenic emission; diatom; fitness; fluctuating asymmetry; interspecific interaction; invertebrate; larval development; toxin; article; concentration (parameters); environmental exposure; environmental impact; invertebrate; larva; larval stage; nonhuman; survival rate; teratogenesis; Abnormalities; Aldehydes; Animals; Diatoms; Environmental Exposure; Female; Larva; Male; Polychaeta; Population Dynamics; Reproduction; Survival Analysis; algae; Arenicola; Arenicola marina; Asterias; Asterias rubens; Bacillariophyta; Echinodermata; Invertebrata; Nereis; Nereis virens; Polychaeta; Psammechinus miliaris	None
WoS	WOS:000324368300002	The Impact of Participatory Forest Management on Local Community Livelihoods in the Arabuko-Sokoke Forest, Kenya	Caleb, Mireri,Callistus, Ogol,Matiku, Paul	2013	CONSERVATION &amp; SOCIETY	11	2	10.4103/0972-4923.115724	Kenyatta University, Nat Kenya	"Caleb, Mireri: Kenyatta University","Callistus, Ogol: Kenyatta University",	This study examines the impact of participatory forest management (PFM) on forest-adjacent household livelihoods in the Arabuko-Sokoke forest in Kenya. It compares the impacts on households near PFM forests (PFM zones) with those near forests with no participatory management (non-PFM zones). The study questions were: does conservation of the Arabuko-Sokoke forest result in net household incomes?; does PFM increase net household benefits?; and are household benefits uniformly distributed within the 5 km PFM intervention zone? The hypotheses tested were: forest conservation benefits exceed forest conservation costs; PFM zones have higher household benefits than non-PFM zones; and benefits and costs reduce with distance from forest edge. In the year 2009, we collected data on household benefits and costs in PFM and non-PFM zones. Data were collected along 10 km transects at 1 km intervals, sampling 600 households up to 5 km away from the forest. The results show varied household dependence on the Arabuko-Sokoke forest. The forest benefits exceed costs in PFM zones but the forest is a cost in non-PFM zones, and costs and benefits reduce with distance from forest edge. The study concludes that, though not cheap, PFM is a tool that can help the Arabuko-Sokoke forest win the support of the adjacent local communities.	Arabuko-Sokoke,"Forest resources","household livelihoods","participatory forest management",BIODIVERSITY,CONSERVATION,"EXTRACTIVE RESERVES","INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT",STRATEGIES	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84885477854	Evaluation of parameters affecting modified atmosphere packaging engineering design for pomegranate arils	Caleb O.J., Mahajan P.V., Manley M., Opara U.L.	2013	International Journal of Food Science and Technology	48	11	10.1111/ijfs.12220	Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, Faculty of AgricSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Faculty of AgricSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; UMR 1208 Ingénierie des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, CIRAD, Université Montpellier 2, UMR IATE - Bat 35, 2, pl Viala, Montpellier, F-34000, France	Caleb, O.J., Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, Faculty of AgricSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa, Department of Food Science, Faculty of AgricSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Mahajan, P.V., UMR 1208 Ingénierie des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, CIRAD, Université Montpellier 2, UMR IATE - Bat 35, 2, pl Viala, Montpellier, F-34000, France; Manley, M., Department of Food Science, Faculty of AgricSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa; Opara, U.L., Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, Faculty of AgricSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa, Department of Food Science, Faculty of AgricSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa	This study evaluated the effects of passive modified atmosphere packaging design parameters as a function of the amount of product (g), temperature (°C) and time (days) on two pomegranate cultivars. Arils (75, 100 and 125 g) were packed in trays, heat sealed with polylid film and stored at 5, 10 and 15 °C for 14 days, and analysed for physicochemical parameters viz headspace gas composition, weight loss, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, anthocyanin, aerobic-mesophilic bacterial and fungal load (log CFU g-1). At the highest temperature and weight, O2 concentration continuously decreased below the critical limit (2%) after 4 days, while at 5 °C, this lower limit was not reached. Shelf life of arils was limited to 10, 7 and 3 days by fungal growth ≥2 log CFU g-1 at 5, 10 and 15 °C, respectively. Using unsteady-state equation, a good agreement was found between simulated and experimental gas composition data. © 2013 Institute of Food Science and Technology.	Fruits; Microorganisms; Modified atmosphere packaging; Postharvest	Evaluation of parameters; Highest temperature; Modified atmosphere; Physicochemical parameters; Postharvest; Titratable acidity; Total soluble solids; Unsteady-state equation; Equations of state; Fruits; Microorganisms; Modified atmosphere packaging; Plants (botany); Product design; Bacteria (microorganisms); Fungi; Lythraceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28244493000	Tidal impact on breeding African Black Oystercatchers on Robben Island, Western Cape, South Africa	Calf K.M., Underhill L.G.	2005	Ostrich	76	42433	None	Avian Demography Unit, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; School of Biology, University of Leeds, LC Miall Building, Clarendon Way, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom	Calf, K.M., Avian Demography Unit, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa, School of Biology, University of Leeds, LC Miall Building, Clarendon Way, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Underhill, L.G., Avian Demography Unit, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa	[No abstract available]	None	Haematopus bachmani	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-38649114066	Psychiatric evaluation of intellectually disabled offenders referred to the Free State Psychiatric Complex, 1993-2003	Calitz F.J.W., van Rensburg P.H.J.J., de Jager P.P., Olander M.L., Thomas L., Venter R., Wessels G.A., Joubert G.	2007	South African Journal of Psychiatry	13	4	None	Department of Psychiatry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Department of Biostatistics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Calitz, F.J.W., Department of Psychiatry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; van Rensburg, P.H.J.J., Department of Psychiatry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; de Jager, P.P., Department of Psychiatry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Olander, M.L., Department of Psychiatry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Thomas, L., Department of Psychiatry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Venter, R., Department of Psychiatry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Wessels, G.A., Department of Psychiatry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Joubert, G., Department of Biostatistics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Background. Increased crime is a problem in South Africa and complications arise when the accused is intellectually disabled. The accountability and fitness to stand trial of such individuals is an important facet that needs to be managed by the judicial and health systems. Objective. To analyse the accountability and triability of intellectually disabled people awaiting trial referred to the Free State Psychiatric Complex (FSPC) from 1993 to 2003 according to Sections 77 ond 78 of the Criminal Procedures Act (Act 51 of 1977). Method. A retrospective study was conducted. The study population consisted of 80 intellectually disabled people awaiting trial in the Free State, referred to the FSPC. The reason for referral was the possibility that they were not triable or accountable. A data form was compiled to transfer the relevant information from the patients' clinical files. Results. The study found that the majority of subjects were male (96.3%), unmarried (76.3%) and unemployed (63.8%). The median age was 27 years. A relatively high percentage (49%) had received some schooling and 16% had attended a special school. Most (32%) were referred from the Bloemfontein area and 68% were referred from the remainder of the Free State and other areas. The majority were referred according to Sections 77 and 78. The highest number of the offences were of a sexual nature (78%). Of the subjects, 62 (62.5%) were diagnosed as having mild mental retardation, while 16% were diagnosed as having moderate mental retardation. A total of 71 (71.25%) were found to be untriable and unaccountable. Conclusion. Triability and accountability are not only reflected by IQ score, but also involve the accused's understanding of his/her environment, his/her speech and language proficiency, level of education, reasoning ability and the manner in which the crime was committed. It is important to note that having an IQ of 70 or less does not automatically mean that the accused is unfit to stand trial or is not accountable. It is possible for an intellectually disabled person to be triable, accountable or diminished accoountable.	None	adult; age distribution; article; criminal behavior; criminal justice; female; human; intellectual impairment; intelligence quotient; major clinical study; male; mental deficiency; offender; patient referral; population research; psychologic test; retrospective study; risk factor; sex difference; sexual crime; single man; single woman; special education; unemployment	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33750475961	Psychiatric evaluation of offenders referred to the Free State Psychiatric Complex according to sextions 77 and/or 78 of the Criminal Procedures Act	Calitz F.J.W., van Rensburg P.H.J.J., Fourie C., Liebenberg E., van den Berg C., Joubert G.	2006	South African Journal of Psychiatry	12	3	None	Department of Psychiatry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Department of Biostatistics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Calitz, F.J.W., Department of Psychiatry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; van Rensburg, P.H.J.J., Department of Psychiatry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Fourie, C., Department of Psychiatry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Liebenberg, E., Department of Psychiatry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; van den Berg, C., Department of Psychiatry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Joubert, G., Department of Biostatistics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Background. The increase in crime is a problem of great concern in South Africa and complications arise when the accused is mentally ill. Objective. Analysis of the offenders referred to the Free State Psychiatric Complex from 1995 to 2001 according to section 77 (triability) and/or section 78 (accountability) of the Criminal Procedures Act (Act 51 of 1977). Method. The study population consisted of 514 persons awaiting trial in the Free State. They were referred to the Free State Psychiatric Complex for 30 days' observation from 1995 to 2001. A data form was created and used to transfer the relevant information from the accused's clinical files. Data analysis. The data collected were analysed by the Department of Biostatistics at the University of the Free State. Results. The majority of the offenders were male (94.6%) and unmarried (66.3%). The median age of the group was 30 years. The unemployment rate was 60%. Most of the referrals (84.2%) were in terms of sections 77 and 78. The accused were found to have mainly average intelligence (75.3%). The main offences were theft (27.8%), murder (18.9%), assault (18.1%) and rape (16.2%). The most common mental disorder diagnosed was schizophrenia (23.0%), with 54.3% having no mental disorder. Nearly half the offenders (48.6%) were found to be triable and accountable. Conclusion. The majority of the offenders referred for psychiatric observation were found to have no mental illness and were referred back to the courts. This results in high costs for the Department of Health. To reduce the high rate of unnecessary referrals it is recommended that courts give clear reasons for the referrals according to each section (77 and 78).	None	adolescent; adult; aged; article; assault; biostatistics; controlled study; court; criminal law; data analysis; female; groups by age; health care cost; homicide; human; intelligence quotient; major clinical study; male; marriage; medical record; mental disease; mental health service; observational study; offender; patient information; patient referral; population research; psychologic assessment; public health service; rape; schizophrenia; school child; sex ratio; statistical analysis; theft; unemployment; university	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901800492	Serological Responses and Biomarker Evaluation in Mice and Pigs Exposed to Tsetse Fly Bites	Caljon G., Duguma R., De Deken R., Schauvliege S., Gasthuys F., Duchateau L., Van Den Abbeele J.	2014	PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases	8	5	10.1371/journal.pntd.0002911	Unit of Veterinary Protozoology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium; Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Brussels, Belgium; Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; Unit Veterinary Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia of Domestic Animals, Ghent University (UGent), Ghent, Belgium; Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Ghent University (UGent), Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Zoophysiology, Department of Physiology, Ghent University (UGent), Ghent, Belgium	Caljon, G., Unit of Veterinary Protozoology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium, Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium, Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Brussels, Belgium; Duguma, R., Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia; De Deken, R., Unit Veterinary Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium; Schauvliege, S., Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia of Domestic Animals, Ghent University (UGent), Ghent, Belgium; Gasthuys, F., Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia of Domestic Animals, Ghent University (UGent), Ghent, Belgium; Duchateau, L., Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Ghent University (UGent), Ghent, Belgium; Van Den Abbeele, J., Unit of Veterinary Protozoology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium, Laboratory of Zoophysiology, Department of Physiology, Ghent University (UGent), Ghent, Belgium	Background:Tsetse flies are obligate blood-feeding insects that transmit African trypanosomes responsible for human sleeping sickness and nagana in livestock. The tsetse salivary proteome contains a highly immunogenic family of the endonuclease-like Tsal proteins. In this study, a recombinant version of Tsal1 (rTsal1) was evaluated in an indirect ELISA to quantify the contact with total Glossina morsitans morsitans saliva, and thus the tsetse fly bite exposure.Methodology/Principal Findings:Mice and pigs were experimentally exposed to different G. m. morsitans exposure regimens, followed by a long-term follow-up of the specific antibody responses against total tsetse fly saliva and rTsal1. In mice, a single tsetse fly bite was sufficient to induce detectable IgG antibody responses with an estimated half-life of 36-40 days. Specific antibody responses could be detected for more than a year after initial exposure, and a single bite was sufficient to boost anti-saliva immunity. Also, plasmas collected from tsetse-exposed pigs displayed increased anti-rTsal1 and anti-saliva IgG levels that correlated with the exposure intensity. A strong correlation between the detection of anti-rTsal1 and anti-saliva responses was recorded. The ELISA test performance and intra-laboratory repeatability was adequate in the two tested animal models. Cross-reactivity of the mouse IgGs induced by exposure to different Glossina species (G. m. morsitans, G. pallidipes, G. palpalis gambiensis and G. fuscipes) and other hematophagous insects (Stomoxys calcitrans and Tabanus yao) was evaluated.Conclusion:This study illustrates the potential use of rTsal1 from G. m. morsitans as a sensitive biomarker of exposure to a broad range of Glossina species. We propose that the detection of anti-rTsal1 IgGs could be a promising serological indicator of tsetse fly presence that will be a valuable tool to monitor the impact of tsetse control efforts on the African continent. © 2014 Caljon et al.	None	biological marker; immunoglobulin G antibody; recombinant protein; rTsal1 protein; unclassified drug; biological marker; immunoglobulin G; insect protein; recombinant protein; Tsal1 protein, Glossina morsitans morsitans; animal model; animal tissue; antibody response; article; controlled study; cross reaction; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; Glossina morsitans; Glossinidae; immunization; immunoblotting; mouse; nonhuman; parasite control; saliva; swine; vector control; animal; bites and stings; blood; immunology; pig; Animals; Biological Markers; Bites and Stings; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Immunoglobulin G; Insect Proteins; Mice; Recombinant Proteins; Saliva; Swine; Tsetse Flies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84958693859	Gender differences in locus of control and student performance in the South African context of accounting studies	Callaghan C., Papageorgiou E.	2015	Meditari Accountancy Research	23	3	10.1108/MEDAR-02-2014-0018	School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Accountancy, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Callaghan, C., School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Papageorgiou, E., School of Accountancy, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Purpose - This paper aims to test the theory that predicts differences in locus of control (LOC) by gender and the relationships between LOC and the performance of accounting students in a large South African university. Design/methodology/approach - Confirmatory factor analysis was appliedto test the applicability of Spector's (1988) LOC scales as a first-order construct in this context. An exploratory factor analysis was then performed to provide a more fine-grained analysis of subordinate constructs. Three component categories were found to emerge from a test of this widely used LOC questionnaire. These component categories were classified as beliefs about the effectiveness of agency, beliefs about chance and beliefs about networks in the contribution to the attainment of outcomes in working contexts. Findings - Further tests revealed that female accounting students demonstrate higher LOC in all the three categories. Females were therefore found to have significantly higher levels of both LOC and student performance; yet, the majority of tested items were not significant in their associations, and total LOC was not found to be associated with higher performance for female or male students. Certain individual items were, however, found to be associated with performance for male students. It is concluded that despite the predictions of seminal theory that predicts convergence around gender, or more egalitarian outcomes in high-skilled contexts over time, accounting student performance in this context might currently be dominated by females. This reflects a current general dominance of females in higher educational attainment and in employment numbers in educational contexts. Research limitations/implications - Limitations of the study include: first, the use of a single university; second, a sample of only first-year accounting students. It is not known whether these findings generalise beyond accounting students with similar university environments. This research is also not causal in nature. The statistical testing used in this study cannot indicate causality. Originality/value - It is recommended that further research investigate the more fine-grained dimensions of LOC that can contribute to accounting student performance and that further qualitative or causal research is performed to "surface" the causal mechanisms that underlie these findings. The value of this research is in the fact that it tests theory that predicts differences in LOC and the relationships between LOC and performance in an important formative context of accounting. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2049-372X.	Academic performance; Accounting education; Gender; Locus of control; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881303266	The impact and effectiveness of transparency and accountability initiatives: Freedom of information	Calland R., Bentley K.	2013	Development Policy Review	31	S1	10.1111/dpr.12020	Democratic Governance and Rights Unit (DGRU), University of Cape Town, South Africa; DGRU, South Africa	Calland, R., Democratic Governance and Rights Unit (DGRU), University of Cape Town, South Africa, DGRU, South Africa; Bentley, K., Democratic Governance and Rights Unit (DGRU), University of Cape Town, South Africa, DGRU, South Africa	Analysis of the impact and effectiveness of Freedom of Information (FOI) legislation has been hampered by lack of systematic evidence and conceptual confusion about what kind of right it represents. This article discusses some of the main conceptual parameters of FOI theory, before reviewing the available evidence from a range of studies. It presents case studies of civil-society activism on FOI in India and South Africa to illustrate the extent to which access to information is having an impact, in particular on socio-economic conditions. After reviewing the range of approaches used, it concludes that the academic community and the FOI community of practice need to come together to devise robust and rigorous methodologies. © 2013 Overseas Development Institute.	Access to information; Effectiveness; Freedom of information; Impact	accountability; civil society; conceptual framework; socioeconomic conditions; India; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000267045500033	Multidimensional evaluation of managed relocation	Ashe, Daniel M.,Brennan, E. Jean,Camacho, Alejandro,Clark, Jamie Rappaport,Early, Regan,Etterson, Julie R.,Fielder, E. Dwight,Gill, Jacquelyn L.,Gonzalez, Patrick,Hellmann, Jessica J.,McLachlan, Jason S.,Minteer, Ben A.,Polasky, Stephen,Richardson, David	2009	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA	106	24	10.1073/pnas.0902327106	Arizona State University, Brown University, Stanford University, Stellenbosch University, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), United States Forest Service, University of British Columbia, University of California Berkeley, University of California Davis, University of California System, University of Minnesota Duluth, University of Minnesota System, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, University of Notre Dame, University of Wisconsin Madison, University of Wisconsin System, Bur Land Management, USDA Forest Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Service	"Camacho, Alejandro: University of Notre Dame","Early, Regan: Brown University","Etterson, Julie R.: University of Minnesota Duluth","Etterson, Julie R.: University of Minnesota System","Etterson, Julie R.: University of Minnesota Twin Cities","Gill, Jacquelyn L.: University of Wisconsin Madison","Gill, Jacquelyn L.: University of Wisconsin System","Gonzalez, Patrick: University of California Berkeley","Gonzalez, Patrick: University of California System","Hellmann, Jessica J.: University of Notre Dame","McLachlan, Jason S.: University of Notre Dame","Minteer, Ben A.: Arizona State University","Richardson, David M.: Stellenbosch University","Safford, Hugh D.: United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)","Safford, Hugh D.: United States Forest Service","Sala, Osvaldo E.: Brown University","Sax, Dov F.: Brown University","Schwartz, Mark W.: University of California Davis","Schwartz, Mark W.: University of California System",	Managed relocation (MR) has rapidly emerged as a potential intervention strategy in the toolbox of biodiversity management under climate change. Previous authors have suggested that MR (also referred to as assisted colonization, assisted migration, or assisted translocation) could be a last-alternative option after interrogating a linear decision tree. We argue that numerous interacting and value-laden considerations demand a more inclusive strategy for evaluating MR. The pace of modern climate change demands decision making with imperfect information, and tools that elucidate this uncertainty and integrate scientific information and social values are urgently needed. We present a heuristic tool that incorporates both ecological and social criteria in a multidimensional decision-making framework. For visualization purposes, we collapse these criteria into 4 classes that can be depicted in graphical 2-D space. This framework offers a pragmatic approach for summarizing key dimensions of MR: capturing uncertainty in the evaluation criteria, creating transparency in the evaluation process, and recognizing the inherent tradeoffs that different stakeholders bring to evaluation of MR and its alternatives.	"assisted migration","CLIMATE CHANGE","CONSERVATION BIOLOGY","conservation strategy","sustainability science","ASSISTED COLONIZATION",CLIMATE-CHANGE,DEBATE,MIGRATION	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84939626138	Assessment of the Potential Impact and Cost-effectiveness of Self-Testing for HIV in Low-Income Countries	Cambiano V., Ford D., Mabugu T., Napierala Mavedzenge S., Miners A., Mugurungi O., Nakagawa F., Revill P., Phillips A.	2015	Journal of Infectious Diseases	212	4	10.1093/infdis/jiv040	Research Department of Infection and Population Health, Rowland Hill St, London, United Kingdom; MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Centre for Health Economics, University of York, United Kingdom; University of Zimbabwe Clinical Research Centre, Zimbabwe; Ministry of Health and Child Welfare Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, San Francisco, CA, United States	Cambiano, V., Research Department of Infection and Population Health, Rowland Hill St, London, United Kingdom; Ford, D., MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, United Kingdom; Mabugu, T., University of Zimbabwe Clinical Research Centre, Zimbabwe; Napierala Mavedzenge, S., Women's Global Health Imperative, RTI International, San Francisco, CA, United States; Miners, A., Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom; Mugurungi, O., Ministry of Health and Child Welfare Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Nakagawa, F., Research Department of Infection and Population Health, Rowland Hill St, London, United Kingdom; Revill, P., Centre for Health Economics, University of York, United Kingdom; Phillips, A., Research Department of Infection and Population Health, Rowland Hill St, London, United Kingdom	Background. Studies have demonstrated that self-testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is highly acceptable among individuals and could allow cost savings, compared with provider-delivered HIV testing and counseling (PHTC), although the longer-term population-level effects are uncertain. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of introducing self-testing in 2015 over a 20-year time frame in a country such as Zimbabwe. Methods. The HIV synthesis model was used. Two scenarios were considered. In the reference scenario, self-testing is not available, and the rate of first-time and repeat PHTC is assumed to increase from 2015 onward, in line with past trends. In the intervention scenario, self-testing is introduced at a unit cost of $3. Results. We predict that the introduction of self-testing would lead to modest savings in healthcare costs of $75 million, while averting around 7000 disability-adjusted life-years over 20 years. Findings were robust to most variations in assumptions; however, higher cost of self-testing, lower linkage to care for people whose diagnosis is a consequence of a positive self-test result, and lower threshold for antiretroviral therapy eligibility criteria could lead to situations in which self-testing is not cost-effective. Conclusions. This analysis suggests that introducing self-testing offers some health benefits and may well save costs. © 2015 The Author.	cost-effectiveness; diagnostic; HIV; mathematical modeling; self-testing	antiretrovirus agent; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; adolescent; adult; aged; Article; controlled study; cost benefit analysis; cost control; cost effectiveness analysis; diagnostic test; diagnostic test accuracy study; disability; epidemic; health care cost; health care personnel; HIV test; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; intermethod comparison; nonhuman; patient care; patient counseling; prediction; priority journal; provider-delivered HIV testing and counseling; repeat procedure; self evaluation; sensitivity and specificity; trend study; Zimbabwe; biological model; developing country; economics; health; HIV Infections; poverty; prevalence; self care; statistics; time; Anti-HIV Agents; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Developing Countries; Global Health; HIV Infections; Humans; Models, Biological; Poverty; Prevalence; Self Care; Stochastic Processes; Time Factors; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893335914	Predicted levels of HIV drug resistance: Potential impact of expanding diagnosis, retention, and eligibility criteria for antiretroviral therapy initiation	Cambiano V., Bertagnolio S., Jordan M.R., Pillay D., Perriëns J.H., Venter F., Lundgren J., Phillips A.	2014	AIDS	28	SUPPL. 1	10.1097/QAD.0000000000000082	Research Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Infection, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Infectious Disease, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark	Cambiano, V., Research Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; Bertagnolio, S., World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Jordan, M.R., Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Pillay, D., Department of Infection, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Perriëns, J.H., World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Venter, F., Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Lundgren, J., Department of Infectious Disease, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Phillips, A., Research Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom	BACKGROUND:: There is concern that the expansion of antiretroviral roll-out may impact future drug resistance levels and hence compromise the benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) at an individual and population level. We aimed to predict future drug resistance in South Africa and its long-term effects. METHODS:: The previously validated HIV Synthesis model was calibrated to South Africa. Resistance was modeled at the level of single mutations, transmission potential, persistence, and effect on drug activity. RESULTS:: We estimate 652 000 people (90% uncertainty range: 543 000-744 000) are living with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTIs)-resistant virus in South Africa, 275 000 in majority virus [Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistant virus present in majority virus (NRMV)] with an unsuppressed viral load. If current diagnosis and retention in care and eligibility criteria are maintained, in 20 years' time HIV incidence is projected to have declined by 22% (95% confidence interval, CI -23 to -21%), and the number of people carrying NNRTI resistance to be 2.9-fold higher. If enhancements in diagnosis and retention in care occur, and ART is initiated at CD4 cell count less than 500 cells/μl, HIV incidence is projected to decline by 36% (95% CI: -37 to -36%) and the number of people with NNRTI resistance to be 4.1-fold higher than currently. Prevalence of people with viral load more than 500 copies/ml carrying NRMV is not projected to differ markedly according to future ART initiation policy, given the current level of diagnosis and retention are maintained. CONCLUSION:: Prevalence of resistance is projected to increase substantially. However, introduction of policies to increase ART coverage is not expected to lead to appreciably higher prevalence of HIV-positive people with resistance and viral load more than 500 copies/ml. Concern over resistance should not stop expansion of treatment availability.	Antiretroviral therapy for prevention; antiretroviral treatment; drug resistance; HIV; mathematical model; prevention; South Africa; test and treat	nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; adolescent; adult; antiretroviral therapy; antiviral resistance; antiviral therapy; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; CD4+ T lymphocyte; disease course; drug activity; epidemic; health care policy; HIV test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; incidence; infection prevention; major clinical study; mathematical model; middle aged; mortality; nonhuman; patient care; priority journal; sexual transmission; South Africa; virus load; virus mutation; virus resistance; virus transmission; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Drug Resistance, Viral; Drug Utilization; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Theoretical; Prevalence; South Africa; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869847802	Impact of redshift information on cosmological applications with next-generation radio surveys	Camera S., Santos M.G., Bacon D.J., Jarvis M.J., Mcalpine K., Norris R.P., Raccanelli A., Röttgering H.	2012	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society	427	3	10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22073.x	CENTRA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Dennis Sciama Building, Portsmouth, P01 3FX, United Kingdom; Centre for Astrophysics Research, STRI, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, United Kingdom; Department of Physics, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6139, South Africa; CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, PO Box 76, NSW 1710 Epping, Australia; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, United States; California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States; Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, Leiden NL-2300 RA, Netherlands	Camera, S., CENTRA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Santos, M.G., CENTRA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Bacon, D.J., Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Dennis Sciama Building, Portsmouth, P01 3FX, United Kingdom; Jarvis, M.J., Centre for Astrophysics Research, STRI, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, United Kingdom, Department of Physics, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa; Mcalpine, K., Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6139, South Africa; Norris, R.P., CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, PO Box 76, NSW 1710 Epping, Australia; Raccanelli, A., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, United States, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States; Röttgering, H., Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, Leiden NL-2300 RA, Netherlands	In this paper, we explore how the forthcoming generation of large-scale radio continuum surveys, with the inclusion of some degree of redshift information, can constrain cosmological parameters. By cross-matching these radio surveys with shallow optical to near-infrared surveys, we can essentially separate the source distribution into a low- and a high-redshift sample, thus providing a constraint on the evolution of cosmological parameters such as those related to dark energy. We examine two radio surveys, the Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) and the Westerbork Observations of the Deep APERTIF Northern sky (WODAN). A crucial advantage is their combined potential to provide a deep, full-sky survey. The surveys used for the cross-identifications are SkyMapper and Sloan Digital Sky Survey, for the southern and northern skies, respectively. We concentrate on the galaxy clustering angular power spectrum as our benchmark observable, and find that the possibility of including such low-redshift information yields major improvements in the determination of cosmological parameters. With this approach, and provided a good knowledge of the galaxy bias evolution, we are able to put strict constraints on the dark energy parameters, i.e. w 0 = -0.9 ± 0.041 and w a = -0.24 ± 0.13, with Type Ia supernovae and cosmic microwave background priors (with a one-parameter bias in this case); this corresponds to a Figure of Merit (FoM) &gt;600, which is twice better than what is obtained by using only the cross-identified sources and greater than four time better than the case without any redshift information at all. © 2012 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2012 RAS.	Cosmological parameters; Cosmology: observations; Large-scale structure of universe; Radio continuum: galaxies	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-60849100248	Impact of ultrasound on dairy spoilage microbes and milk components	Cameron M., McMaster L.D., Britz T.J.	2009	Dairy Science and Technology	89	1	10.1051/dst/2008037	Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Cameron, M., Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; McMaster, L.D., Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Britz, T.J., Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Numerous reports in the literature suggest pasteurisation failures in the dairy industry as a possible cause for an end product with a poor quality. Ultrasonication offers the dairy industry a non-thermal alternative to pasteurisation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of ultrasonication as an alternative to heat pasteurisation. Ultrasound was found to eliminate spoilage and potential pathogens to zero or to levels acceptable by South African and British milk legislation, even when initial inoculum loads of 5× higher than permitted were present before treatment. Viable cell counts of E. coli were reduced by 100% after 10.0 min of ultrasonication. The data obtained also showed that viable counts of Pseudomonas fluorescens were reduced by 100% after 6.0 min and Listeria monocytogenes was reduced by 99% after 10.0 min. An infra-red based apparatus was used to analyse raw and pasteurised milk after an ultrasonic treatment. Ultrasonication did not lead to decreases in the protein or lactose content of both raw and pasteurised milk. Kjeldahl nitrogen determinations confirmed that ultrasonication had no detrimental effect on the total protein or casein content of pasteurised milk. This study indicated that ultrasonication lead to an increase in the fat concentration. This was explained by the larger surface area of the fat globules after ultrasonication, which led to an increase in light scattering as observed by the MilkoScan. Alkaline phosphatase and lactoperoxidase activities were also investigated as potential indicators of an effective ultrasonic treatment. Ultrasonication was, however, found to be ineffective in deactivating both enzymes used regularly by the dairy industry as indicators of effective thermal processes. © 2009 INRA EDP Sciences.	D-value; Microorganism; Milk; Protein; Ultrasound	Escherichia coli; Listeria monocytogenes; Pseudomonas fluorescens	None
WoS	WOS:000337962500011	The impact of HIV on children's education in eastern Zimbabwe	Campbell, Catherine,Eaton, Jeffrey W.,Gregson, Simon,Munyati, Shungu,Nyamukapa, Constance,Pufall, Erica L.,Robertson, Laura,Skovdal, Morten	2014	AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV	26	9	10.1080/09540121.2014.892564	Imperial College London, University of Copenhagen, University of London, Biomed Res & Training Inst	"Campbell, Catherine: University of London","Eaton, Jeffrey W.: Imperial College London","Gregson, Simon: Imperial College London","Pufall, Erica L.: Imperial College London","Robertson, Laura: Imperial College London","Skovdal, Morten: University of Copenhagen",	Little is known about how HIV impacts directly and indirectly on receiving, or particularly succeeding in, education in sub-Saharan Africa. To address this gap, we used multivariable logistic regression to determine the correlation between education outcomes in youth (aged 15-24) (being in the correct grade-for-age, primary school completion and having at least five "O" level passes) and being HIV-positive; having an HIV-positive parent; being a young carer; or being a maternal, paternal or double orphan, in five rounds (1998-2011) of a general population survey from eastern Zimbabwe. The fifth survey round (2009-2011) included data on children aged 6-17, which were analysed for the impacts of the above risk factors on regular attendance in primary and secondary schools and being in the correct grade-for-age. For data pooled over all rounds, being HIV-positive had no association with primary school completion, "O" level passes, or being in the correct grade-for-age in adolescents aged 16-17 years. Additionally, HIV status had no significant association with any education outcomes in children aged 6-17 surveyed in 2009-2011. In 2009-2011, being a young carer was associated with lower attendance in secondary school (69% vs. 85%, AOR: 0.44; p=0.02), whilst being a maternal (75% vs. 83%, AOR: 0.67; p&lt;0.01), paternal (76% vs. 83%, AOR: 0.67; p=0.02) or double (75% vs. 83%, AOR: 0.68; p=0.02) orphan was associated with decreased odds of being in the correct grade-for-age. All forms of orphanhood also significantly decreased the odds of primary school completion in youths surveyed from 1998 to 2011 (all p&lt;0.01). We found no evidence that HIV status affects education but further evidence that orpha