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Scopus	2-s2.0-77951687163	Germplasm evaluation and enhancement for the development of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp dual-purpose F2 genotypes	Moalafi A.I., Asiwe J.A.N., Funnah S.M.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	7	None	ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X 1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Department of Plant Production, University of North West, Mafikeng 2120, South Africa	Moalafi, A.I., ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X 1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Asiwe, J.A.N., ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X 1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Funnah, S.M., Department of Plant Production, University of North West, Mafikeng 2120, South Africa	Cowpea is an important grain legume as well as fodder crop, especially in the dry regions of South Africa. The production of this crop has been below average because of low genetic variation and cultivation of poor-yielding varieties which have not been improved. The potentials of cowpea F2 generation arising from crosses made from 55 exotic parental lines, introduced into South Africa were determined. F1 lines derived from the crosses were advanced to F2 lines in the glass-house, and the segregating F2 families were further evaluated in the field with their parental lines. The following data were collected from the progeny: number of pods per plant, 100 seed-weights, fodder yield, grain yield and harvest index. Results showed that F2 lines exhibited significant differences on all the parameters studied thus indicating the presence of genetic variability among the segregating progeny. Number of pods per plant, 100 seed-weight and harvest index showed higher significant differences. The F2 lines obtained a significant increase in number of pods per plant as compared to their parents, thus indicating the potentials of progeny for higher pod production. Harvest index for F2 lines varied between 0.16 and 0.60 (dual-purpose type), and are mostly medium cowpea types with dual purpose characteristics for producing grain for human consumption and fodder for livestock. These parameters should therefore receive highest priority in developing high yielding dual-purpose varieties. There are several promising F2 progenies which performed exceedingly well over the parents, so further screening is essential until their full potential is attained. © 2010 Academic Journals.	100 seed-weights; Dual-purpose; Germplasm; Harvest index; Segregating population; Vigna unguiculata	Animalia; Vigna unguiculata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869748833	Imidazopyridine-based inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3: Synthesis and evaluation of amide isostere replacements of the carboxamide scaffold	Yngve U., Söderman P., Svensson M., Rosqvist S., Arvidsson P.I.	2012	Chemistry and Biodiversity	9	11	10.1002/cbdv.201200308	Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Neuroscience IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Project Management, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Yngve, U., Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Söderman, P., Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Svensson, M., Medicinal Chemistry IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Rosqvist, S., Neuroscience IScience, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden; Arvidsson, P.I., Project Management, CNSP IMed, AstraZeneca RandD Södertälje, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	In this study, we explored the effect of bioisostere replacement in a series of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitors based on the imidazopyridine core. The synthesis and biological evaluation of a number of novel sulfonamide, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, and thiazole derivates as amide bioisosteres, as well as a computational rationalization of the obtained results are reported. © 2012 Verlag Helvetica Chimica Acta AG, Zürich.	1,2,4-Oxadiazoles; Bioisosteres; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3); Imidazopyridine; Inhibitors; Sulfonamides; Thiazoles	1,2,4 oxadiazole derivative; 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 7 [2 (piperidin 1 yl) 1,3 thiazol 4 yl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 7 [3 (propan 2 yl) 1,2,4 oxadiazol 5 yl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 7 [3 (pyridin 3 yl) 1,2,4 oxadiazol 5 yl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 3 [4[[2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridin 7 yl]sulfonyl]piperazin 1 yl]propanenitrile; 7 [2 (morpholin 4 yl) 1,3 thiazol 4 yl] 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 7 [2 (piperidin 1 yl) 1,3 thiazol 4 yl] 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; 7 [3 (2 methoxyethyl) 1,2,4 oxadiazol 5 yl] 2 [4 (morpholin 4 ylmethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine hydrochloride; amide; glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor; imidazopyridine derivative; n (2 hydroxy 1 phenylethyl) 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n (2 methoxyethyl) n methyl 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n (3 methoxypropyl) 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n [3 (1h imidazol 1 yl)propyl] 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; n cyclopentyl 2 [4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] 3h imidazo[4,5 b]pyridine 7 sulfonamide hydrochloride; thiazole derivative; unclassified drug; article; drug design; drug potency; drug screening; drug stability; drug structure; drug synthesis; drug transformation; human; human cell; Drug Design; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; Humans; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Oxadiazoles; Pyridines; Sulfonamides; Thiazoles	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84944878449	Synthesis and antioxidant evaluation of novel phenothiazine linked substitutedbenzylideneamino-1,2,4-triazole derivatives	Maddila S., Momin M., Gorle S., Palakondu L., Jonnalagadda S.B.	2015	Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society	60	2	10.4067/s0717-97072015000200012	School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, Private Bag 54001, Durban, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, J.N.T. University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India; Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chilten Hills, Durban, South Africa	Maddila, S., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, Private Bag 54001, Durban, South Africa; Momin, M., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, Private Bag 54001, Durban, South Africa; Gorle, S., Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chilten Hills, Durban, South Africa; Palakondu, L., Department of Chemistry, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, J.N.T. University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India; Jonnalagadda, S.B., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, Private Bag 54001, Durban, South Africa	A series of novel 5-((10H-phenothiazin-10yl)methyl)-4-(substitutedbenzylideneamino)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives (6a-i) have been synthesized from compound (1) through a multi-step reaction. The key intermediate (5) afforded a series of title compounds (6a-i) on condensation with various suitable aldehydes in the presence of H2SO4. The structures of novel compounds were characterized based on their elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS spectral data. All these novel compounds were screened for their in vitro antioxidant activity by employing nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and DPPH radical scavenging assays. The compounds 6d, 6e and 6i demonstrated potent antioxidant activity as these contain the electron-releasing groups.	1,2,4-triazole; Anti-oxidant activity; Phenothiazines; Synthesis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955000621	Evaluation of lyophilized and non lyophilized toxins from trichoderma species for the control of ceratocystis paradoxa	Eziashi E.I., Uma N.U., Adekunle A.A., Airede C.E., Odigie E.E.	2010	African Journal of Agricultural Research	5	13	None	Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR), Plant Pathology Division, P. M. B. 1030, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria	Eziashi, E.I., Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR), Plant Pathology Division, P. M. B. 1030, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Uma, N.U., Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Adekunle, A.A., Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria; Airede, C.E., Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR), Plant Pathology Division, P. M. B. 1030, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Odigie, E.E., Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR), Plant Pathology Division, P. M. B. 1030, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria	Lyophilized and non-lyophilized toxins produced from Trichoderma species were investigated against Ceratocystis paradoxa mycelial growth at different concentrations in-vitro. Lyophilized toxin inhibition on C. paradoxa by T. viride (28.14 and 28.14%) and T. polysporum (28.88 and 28.88%) at 70 and 100% concentrations were significant (p = 0.005) compared with T. hamatum (20.37 and 21.48%) and T. aureoviride (20.00 and 20.37%) six days after incubation. Non-lyophilized phytotoxin inhibition on C. paradoxa mycelia by T. viride (21.85 and 23.335%) and T. polysporum (22.22 and 22.59%) at 70 and 100% were also significant (p = 0.005) when compared with T. hamatum (16.29 and 18.14%) and T. aureoviride (17.03 and 17.77%) 6 days after incubation. The mycelial growth of C. paradoxa was stimulated by T. hamatum and T. aureoviride at 20 and 50% concentrations with lyophilized and non-lyophilized phytotoxins. The lyophilized phytotoxin exhibited better control of C. paradoxa compared with non-lyophilized and the control treatments. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, column fraction isolated from T. viride Rf value 0.51 was deduced to be 1, 2-benzendicaboxylic acid. It is responsible for the inhibitory action on C. paradoca mycelia. This compound produced by T. viride depended on type of fungus strain and standard used. © 2010 Academic Journals.	1, 2-benzendicarboxylic acid; GC-Ms; Inhibition; Mycelia	Ceratocystis paradoxa; Fungi; Trichoderma; Trichoderma aureoviride; Trichoderma hamatum; Trichoderma viride	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949488600	Synthesis and evaluation of SQ109 analogues as potential anti-tuberculosis candidates	Onajole O.K., Govender P., Helden P.D.v., Kruger H.G., Maguire G.E.M., Wiid I., Govender T.	2010	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	45	5	10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.01.046	School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; School of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Onajole, O.K., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Govender, P., School of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Helden, P.D.v., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; Kruger, H.G., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Maguire, G.E.M., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Wiid, I., Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa; Govender, T., School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	As part of an ongoing project to develop highly potent anti-tuberculosis therapeutics, six SQ109 derivatives were synthesized and screened in vitro for their anti-tuberculosis activity against the ATCC strain H37Rv and the extensively drug-resistant clinical strain XDR 173. Compound 16 with an extended alkene chain was the most active against both strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within a MIC range of 0.5-0.25 μM. Compound 12 and SQ109 were potent within a MIC range of 1-0.5 μM, whilst compound 18 displayed an activity within the MIC range of 0.5-2 μM against both Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	1,2 Cage diamine; Anti-tuberculosis (TB); SQ109; XDR	n (2 adamantyl) n' geranylethylenediamine; n (3,7 dimethyloctyl) n' (1 adamantyl)ethane 1,2 diamine; n (3,7 dimethyloctyl) n' (2 adamantyl)ethane 1,2 diamine; n (3,7,11 trimethyldodecyl) n' (2 adamantyl)ethane 1,2 diamine; n farnesyl n' (2 adamantyl)ethane 1,2 diamine; n geranyl n' (1 adamantyl)ethane 1,2 diamine; tuberculostatic agent; unclassified drug; antimicrobial activity; article; bacterial strain; drug potency; drug resistant tuberculosis; drug screening; drug structure; drug synthesis; in vitro study; minimum inhibitory concentration; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nonhuman; structure activity relation; Adamantane; Antitubercular Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethylenediamines; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Stereoisomerism	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947931377	Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of 1,3,5-triazine amino acid derivatives to study their MAO inhibitors	Khattab S.N., Khalil H.H., Bekhit A.A., El-Rahman M.M.A., El-Faham A., Albericio F.	2015	Molecules	20	9	10.3390/molecules200915976	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P. O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain	Khattab, S.N., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P. O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria, Egypt; Khalil, H.H., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P. O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria, Egypt; Bekhit, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; El-Rahman, M.M.A., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P. O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria, Egypt; El-Faham, A., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P. O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria, Egypt, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Albericio, F., Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain	Three series of 4,6-dimethoxy-, 4,6-dipiperidino- and 4,6-dimorpholino-1,3,5-triazin- 2-yl) amino acid derivatives were synthesized and characterized. A preliminary study for their monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity showed that compounds 7, 18, and 25 had MAO-A inhibition activity comparable to that of the standard clorgyline, with apparently more selective inhibitory activity toward MAO-A than MAO-B and no significant acute toxicity.	1,3,5-triazine derivatives; Amino acids; Monoamine oxidase; Morpholine; Piperidine	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953725149	Evaluation of the 137Cs activity-depth profiles by the diffusion-convection model	Ajayi I.R., Raji A.T.	2010	International Journal of Physical Sciences	5	2	None	Deparment of Physics and Electronics, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Ajayi, I.R., Deparment of Physics and Electronics, Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Raji, A.T., Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	The diffusion-convection model of 137Cs transport has been used to evaluate the activity-depth profiles of soils in southwestern Nigeria in this study. The experimentally determined depth profiles were fitted into the diffusion-convection equation to obtain the diffusion coefficient D and the convective velocity u. Results obtained showed that the range of the diffusion coefficient was 0.72 - 1.02 cm2 per year while that of the convective velocity was from 0.07 to 0.16 cm per year. It was observed that the diffusion coefficient is higher than the convective velocity in all the sampling points. The low convective velocities obtained in all the locations may imply that convective rates of the radionuclide within the soil layers are insignificant compared to the diffusion rates. © 2010 Academic Journals.	137Cs activity; Convective velocity; Diffusion coefficient; Radionuclide; Soil depth	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846901149	Long-term impacts of anthropogenic perturbations on dynamics and speciation of organic carbon in tropical forest and subtropical grassland ecosystems	Solomon D., Lehmann J., Kinyangi J., Amelung W., Lobe I., Pell A., Riha S., Ngoze S., Verchot L., Mbugua D., Skjemstad J., Schäfer T.	2007	Global Change Biology	13	2	10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01304.x	Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Department of Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; UFZ Centre for Environmental Research, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany; International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; CSIRO Land and Water, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; Institute for Nuclear Waste Management, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany	Solomon, D., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Lehmann, J., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Kinyangi, J., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Amelung, W., Department of Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; Lobe, I., UFZ Centre for Environmental Research, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany; Pell, A., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Riha, S., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Ngoze, S., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; Verchot, L., International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Mbugua, D., International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya; Skjemstad, J., CSIRO Land and Water, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; Schäfer, T., Institute for Nuclear Waste Management, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany	Anthropogenic perturbations have profoundly modified the Earth's biogeochemical cycles, the most prominent of these changes being manifested by global carbon (C) cycling. We investigated long-term effects of human-induced land-use and land-cover changes from native tropical forest (Kenya) and subtropical grassland (South Africa) ecosystems to agriculture on the dynamics and structural composition of soil organic C (SOC) using elemental analysis and integrated 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (Sr-FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy. Anthropogenic interventions led to the depletion of 76%, 86% and 67% of the total SOC; and 77%, 85% and 66% of the N concentrations from the surface soils of Nandi, Kakamega and the South African sites, respectively, over a period of up to 100 years. Significant proportions of the total SOC (46-73%) and N (37-73%) losses occurred during the first 4 years of conversion indicating that these forest- and grassland-derived soils contain large amounts of labile soil organic matter (SOM), potentially vulnerable to degradation upon human-induced land-use and land-cover changes. Anthropogenic perturbations altered not only the C sink capacity of these soils, but also the functional group composition and dynamics of SOC with time, rendering structural composition of the resultant organic matter in the agricultural soils to be considerably different from the SOM under natural forest and grassland ecosystems. These molecular level compositional changes were manifested: (i) by the continued degradation of O-alkyl and acetal-C structures found in carbohydrate and holocellulose biomolecules, some labile aliphatic-C functionalities, (ii) by side-chain oxidation of phenylpropane units of lignin and (iii) by the continued aromatization and aliphatization of the humic fractions possibly through selective accumulation of recalcitrant H and C substituted aryl-C and aliphatic-C components such as (poly)-methylene units, respectively. These changes appeared as early as the fourth year after transition, and their intensity increased with duration of cultivation until a new quasi-equilibrium of SOC was approached at about 20 years after conversion. However, subtle but persistent changes in molecular structures of the resultant SOM continued long after (up to 100 years) a steady state for SOC was approached. These molecular level changes in the inherent structural composition of SOC may exert considerable influence on biogeochemical cycling of C and bioavailability of essential nutrients present in association with SOM, and may significantly affect the sustainability of agriculture as well as potentials of the soils to sequester C in these tropical and subtropical highland agroecosystems. © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	13C NMR; Carbon sequestration; Deforestation; Land-use change; NEXAFS; Organic matter composition; Sr-FTIR-ATR; Synchrotron radiation	agricultural land; anthropogenic effect; carbon sequestration; carbon sink; deforestation; FTIR spectroscopy; grassland; land use change; nuclear magnetic resonance; organic carbon; soil carbon; subtropical region; tropical forest; Africa; East Africa; Kakamega; Kenya; Nandi; Rift Valley; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Province [Kenya]	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67349149123	Nitrogen rhizodeposition from soybean (Glycine max) and its impact on nutrient budgets in two contrasting environments of the Guinean savannah zone of Nigeria	Laberge G., Franke A.C., Ambus P., Høgh-Jensen H.	2009	Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems	84	1	10.1007/s10705-008-9225-8	Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 9, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria; C/o Lambourn Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall	Laberge, G., Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 9, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark; Franke, A.C., International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria, C/o Lambourn Ltd., Carolyn House, 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, United Kingdom, Plant Research International, Department of Agrosystems Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P. O. Box 16, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Ambus, P., Plant Research International, Department of Agrosystems Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P. O. Box 16, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Høgh-Jensen, H., Risoe National Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde 4000, Denmark	Nitrogen (N) rhizodeposition by grain legumes such as soybean is potentially a large but neglected source of N in cropping systems of Sub-Saharan Africa. Field studies were conducted to measure soybean N rhizodeposition in two environments of the Guinean savannah of Nigeria using 15N leaf labelling techniques. The first site was located in Ibadan in the humid derived savannah. The second site was in Zaria in the drier Northern Guinean savannah. Soybean N rhizodeposition in the top 0.30 m of soil varied from 7.5 kg ha -1 on a diseased crop in Ibadan to 33 kg ha-1 in Zaria. More than two-thirds of soybean belowground N was contained in the rhizodeposits at crop physiological maturity, while the rest was found in the recoverable roots. Belowground plant-derived N was found to constitute 16-23% of the total soybean N. Taking rhizodeposited pools into account led to N budgets close to zero when all residues were removed. If residues were left in the field or recycled as manure after being fed to steers, soybean cultivation led to positive N budgets of up to +95 kg N ha-1. The role and potential of grain legumes as N purveyors have been underestimated in the past by neglecting the N contained in their rhizodeposits. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	15N; Glycine max; Guinean savannah; Leaf labelling; Legumes; Nitrogen; Promiscuous soybean; Rhizodeposition; Roots	belowground biomass; cropping practice; nitrogen cycle; nutrient budget; root system; savanna; soybean; Africa; Ibadan; Kaduna [Nigeria]; Nigeria; Oyo; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Zaria; Glycine max	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39849103457	Farmers' agronomic and social evaluation of productivity, yield and N 2-fixation in different cowpea varieties and their subsequent residual N effects on a succeeding maize crop	Adjei-Nsiah S., Kuyper T.W., Leeuwis C., Abekoe M.K., Cobbinah J., Sakyi-Dawson O., Giller K.E.	2008	Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems	80	3	10.1007/s10705-007-9133-3	Agricultural Research Centre-Kade, Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands; P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Communication and Innovation Studies Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana; Department of Agricultural Extension, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	Adjei-Nsiah, S., Agricultural Research Centre-Kade, Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Kuyper, T.W., Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, Netherlands; Leeuwis, C., Communication and Innovation Studies Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Abekoe, M.K., Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Cobbinah, J., Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Accra, Ghana; Sakyi-Dawson, O., Department of Agricultural Extension, School of Agriculture, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Giller, K.E., Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands	Cowpea-maize rotations form an important component of the farming systems of smallholder farmers in the forest/savannah transitional agro-ecological zone of Ghana. We evaluated five cowpea varieties for grain yield, N 2-fixation, biomass production, and contribution to productivity of subsequent maize grown in rotation. We further analyzed the interrelationship between these technical dimensions and the social acceptability of these cowpea varieties for farmers. Cowpea grain yield ranged between 1.1 and 1.4 t ha -1 with no significant yield differences among the different varieties. Using the 15N natural abundance technique, the average proportion of N2 fixed ranged between 61% for Ayiyi and 77% for Legon prolific. This resulted in average amounts of N2 fixed in above-ground biomass ranging between 32 and 67 kg N ha-1, respectively. Variation in estimates due to differences in δ15N among reference plants were larger than differences between cowpea varieties. The amount of soil-derived N ranged from 15 to 20 kg N ha-1. The above-ground net N contribution of the cowpea varieties to the soil (after adjusting for N export in grains) was highest for Legon Prolific (31 kg N ha-1) due to high N2-fixation and high leaf biomass production. Maize grain yield after cowpea without application of mineral N fertilizer ranged between 0.4 t ha-1 with maize after maize to 1.5 t ha-1 with Legon Prolific. The N fertilizer equivalence values for the cowpea varieties ranged between 18 and 60 kg N ha-1. IT810D-1010 was ranked by the farmers as the most preferred cowpea variety due to its white seed type, short-duration, ease of harvesting and good market value. Despite the high leaf biomass production and high amount of N2 fixed by Legon Prolific, it was generally the least preferred variety due to lower market price, late maturity, least potential cash income (due to the red mottled seed type) and difficulty in harvesting. Although farmers recognized the contribution of cowpea to soil fertility and yields of subsequent maize, they did not consider this as an important criterion for varietal selection. Soil fertility improvement must be considered as an additional benefit rather than a direct selection criterion when designing more sustainable smallholder farming systems. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	15N natural abundance; Crop rotations; Forage cowpea; Marketability	aboveground biomass; agricultural management; agroecology; crop production; crop rotation; crop yield; farmers knowledge; farming system; legume; maize; nitrogen fixation; Africa; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548847508	Personality and academic performance of three cohorts of veterinary students in South Africa	Van Der Walt H.S., Pickworth G.	2007	Journal of Veterinary Medical Education	34	3	10.3138/jvme.34.3.356	P.O. Box 15547, Sinoville, Pretoria 0129, South Africa; Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa	Van Der Walt, H.S., P.O. Box 15547, Sinoville, Pretoria 0129, South Africa; Pickworth, G., Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa	To aid in selecting students for admission to undergraduate veterinary training, admissions procedures often take into account students' previous academic performance as well as the results of an interview. The study reported here investigated the relationship between personality and academic success. Students from three entry cohorts to the second year of study of a six-year BVSc program at the University of Pretoria completed the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire. A meta-analytic approach was used to estimate the relationship between academic performance in two major final-year subjects and academic performance on entry, an interview score, and the personality factors. The study confirmed the value of previous academic performance and the interview in selecting students for the veterinary degree program. The findings also indicate that the inclusion of a measure of intellectual ability could be of value. The value of various personality characteristics in predicting good study habits and examination performance is highlighted by the study results: students were more successful if they were conscientious, emotionally stable, socially adept, self-disciplined, practical rather than imaginative, and relaxed rather than anxious. It appears worthwhile to consider including an appropriate personality questionnaire in the selection process to improve the accuracy of predictions of students' success. A sound personality make-up will not only increase the likelihood of academic success but should also be beneficial in the successful management of a veterinary practice and in enjoying veterinary science as a career. © 2007 AAVMC.	16 Personality factor questionnaire; Personality and academic performance; Veterinary medical education	article; clinical competence; cohort analysis; education; educational status; human; personality; professional competence; psychological aspect; South Africa; standard; statistics; student; veterinary medicine; Clinical Competence; Cohort Studies; Educational Measurement; Educational Status; Humans; Personality; Professional Competence; South Africa; Students; Veterinary Medicine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84964890438	Performance analysis of a WCDMA system model in a low mobility and indoor environments with channel coding over additive white Gaussian noise channel	Ombongi F.O., Kibet P.L., Musyoki S.	2015	International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa	15	None	10.4028/www.scientific.net/JERA.15.123	Department of Telecommunication and Information Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya	Ombongi, F.O., Department of Telecommunication and Information Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya; Kibet, P.L., Department of Telecommunication and Information Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya; Musyoki, S., Department of Telecommunication and Information Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya	This paper has analyzed the performance a Wireless Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system model at a data rate of 384kbps and 2Mbps over an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. The signal was modulated by Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) with modulation order, M=16. The performance of the system was enhanced by implementing convolution coding scheme. This study was important as it formed a basis through which the performance analysis can be extended to Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks which have data rates starting from 1Mbps to as high as 100Mbps. The performance of the WCDMA at these data rates was seen to improve when convolutional coding scheme was implemented. Since the Shannon capacity formula depends on the BER of a system then this improvement means an additional capacity in the channel and this can accommodate more users in the channel. The results have further shown that the choice of a modulation technique depending on the throughput required affects the BER performance of the system. Therefore, there must be a trade-off between the throughput required, the modulation format to be used and the pulse shaping filter parameters. © (2015) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.	16-QAM; Additive white Gaussian noise; Bit Error Rate; Data Rate; Quadrature Phase Shift Keying; Wideband Code Division Multiple Access	Additive noise; Amplitude modulation; Bit error rate; Channel capacity; Code division multiple access; Codes (symbols); Convolution; Decoding; Economic and social effects; Error statistics; Gaussian distribution; Long Term Evolution (LTE); Mobile telecommunication systems; Modulation; Optical communication; Phase shift; Phase shift keying; Phase shifters; Pulse shaping; Quadrature amplitude modulation; Quadrature phase shift keying; White noise; Wireless telecommunication systems; 16-QAM; Additive White Gaussian noise; Additive white Gaussian noise channel; Data rates; Modulation techniques; Quadrature phaseshift keying (QPSK); Quadrature-amplitude modulations (QAM); Wideband code division multiple access; Gaussian noise (electronic)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-50949099887	Evaluation of different methods for the detection and identification of Enterobacter sakazakii isolated from South African infant formula milks and the processing environment	Cawthorn D.-M., Botha S., Witthuhn R.C.	2008	International Journal of Food Microbiology	127	42371	10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.06.024	Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Cawthorn, D.-M., Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Botha, S., Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Witthuhn, R.C., Department of Food Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Enterobacter sakazakii is an emerging pathogen associated with life-threatening neonatal infections resulting from the consumption of contaminated powdered infant formula milk (IFM). Recent taxonomic analyses have determined that E. sakazakii comprises a number of genomospecies, and it has been proposed that E. sakazakii be reclassified as a novel genus, "Cronobacter". Accurate methods are required for the rapid detection and identification of this group of micro-organisms, since even low cell numbers have been reported to cause disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate various E. sakazakii detection methods in order to ascertain the most suitable method for detection and identification of these pathogenic agents. Samples from IFM and the environment were evaluated for the presence of E. sakazakii using the isolation steps (pre-enrichment, enrichment and selection) described in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) method for E. sakazakii detection. Sixty-four isolates (50 from IFM and 14 from the environment) were selected from tryptone soy agar (TSA), regardless of colony appearance, and these isolates were identified by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing. Thereafter, different culture-dependent and culture-independent methods were evaluated to accurately detect and identify the E. sakazakii isolates. These methods included the assessment of yellow pigment production on TSA, typical colonies on chromogenic Druggan-Forsythe-Iversen (DFI) and Chromocult® Enterobacter sakazakii (CES) media and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using six different species-specific primer pairs described in the literature. Identification of E. sakazakii using yellow pigment production was demonstrated to have a low sensitivity, specificity and accuracy (87%, 71% and 74%, respectively), which lowers the suitability of the FDA method. Chromogenic DFI and CES media were sensitive, specific and accurate (100%, 98% and 98%, respectively) for the detection of E. sakazakii. The specificity of the PCR amplifications ranged from 8% to 92%, emphasising the need for rigorous primer testing against closely related species. Of the primer pairs evaluated, Esakf/Esakr were the most suitable for E. sakazakii detection and identification. The detection limit of Esakf/Esakr was found to be 104 CFU/ml. This study demonstrated that no single method was capable of unambiguously confirming the presence and identity of E. sakazakii isolates, that each method had inherent advantages and disadvantages, and that in most cases several methods were required for accurate detection and identification. Further, it was demonstrated that the current FDA method for E. sakazakii detection should be revised in the light of the availability of more sensitive, specific and accurate detection methods. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	16S rDNA; Chromogenic agar; Enterobacter sakazakii; Infant formula milk; PCR	DNA 16S; accuracy; analytic method; article; artificial milk; bacterium culture; bacterium detection; bacterium identification; bacterium isolate; bacterium isolation; colony forming unit; controlled study; DNA sequence; Enterobacter sakazakii; food and drug administration; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity and specificity; Chromogenic Compounds; Colony Count, Microbial; Consumer Product Safety; Culture Media; Enterobacter sakazakii; Environmental Microbiology; Food Contamination; Food Microbiology; Humans; Infant; Infant Food; Infant Formula; Infant, Newborn; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sensitivity and Specificity; South Africa; Species Specificity; Time Factors; Enterobacter sakazakii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57149095641	Development of a water state index to assess the severity of impacts on and changes in natural water resources	Suridge A.K.J., Brent A.C.	2008	Water Science and Technology	58	8	10.2166/wst.2008.741	Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa; Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Suridge, A.K.J., Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Brent, A.C., Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Lifecycle assessment (LCA) is a standardised methodology that is used to assess the impact of techno-economic systems on the natural environment. By compiling an inventory of energy and material inputs and environmental releases or outputs of a system, and evaluating the potential environmental impacts associated with the inventory, one can make an informed decision regarding the sustainability of a techno-economic system in question. However, the current lifecycle impact assessment (LCIA) methodologies that form part of LCA studies do not effectively consider the impacts of techno-economic systems on ground and surface water resources in South Africa (and elsewhere). It is proposed that a microbiology based index method, similar to methods proposed for terrestrial resources, can establish the states of water resources for six classes of current economic exploitation: protected, moderate use, degraded, cultivated, plantation, and urban. It is further suggested that changes in these classes (and states) can be used meaningfully in LCIA methodologies to quantify the extent to which techno-economic interventions may alter natural water resources. Research is recommended to further improve the accuracy and reliability of the water state index. © IWA Publishing 2008.	16S rDNA; Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE); Environmental impact; Lifecycle assessment (LCA); Microbiology; Polymerase chain reaction (PCR); Water resources	ground water; surface water; accuracy; article; biodegradation; environmental impact assessment; environmental protection; life cycle assessment; microbial diversity; nonhuman; reliability; South Africa; sustainable development; terrestrial surface waters; tillage; urbanization; water quality; water supply; Conservation of Natural Resources; Environment; Water	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879543249	The impact of physico-chemical water quality parameters on bacterial diversity in the Vaal River, South Africa	Jordaan K., Bezuidenhout C.C.	2013	Water SA	39	3	10.4314/wsa.v39i3.7	School of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Jordaan, K., School of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Bezuidenhout, C.C., School of Biological Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	This study aimed to identify bacterial community structures in the Vaal River using PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and high-throughput sequencing. The impact of physico-chemical characteristics on bacterial structures was investigated through multivariate analysis. Samples were collected from 4 sampling stations along the Upper Vaal River during winter (June 2009) and summer (December 2010). Physico-chemical analysis was conducted on-site. Additional physico-chemical data were obtained from statutory bodies. DNA was directly isolated from water samples and PCR amplified using universal bacterial primer pairs. PCR products were subjected to DGGE fingerprinting and high-throughput sequencing, followed by Shannon-Weaver diversity calculations, cluster analysis and multivariate analysis. Physico-chemical parameters did not exceed the prescribed South African water quality standards for domestic use, aquatic ecosystems, livestock watering and irrigation. DGGE banding patterns revealed similar bacterial community structures for 3 of the 4 sampling stations. PCA and RDA indicated that pH, water temperature and inorganic nutrient concentrations could be used to explain changes in bacterial community structures. High-throughput sequencing data showed that bacterial assemblages were dominated by common freshwater groups: Cyanobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Other freshwater phyla such as Deltaproteobacteria, Epsilonbacteria, Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Flavobacteria and Fibrobacteres were found in low proportions. This study provides an overview of the dominant bacterial groups in the Upper Vaal River and the impact of environmental changes on bacterial diversity.	16S rDNA PCR-DGGE; Bacterial community structures; High-throughput sequencing; Multivariate analysis; Vaal River	Bacterial community structure; High-throughput sequencing; Multi variate analysis; PCR-DGGE; Vaal rivers; Agriculture; Cluster analysis; Electrophoresis; Multivariant analysis; pH effects; Polymerase chain reaction; Rivers; Social sciences; Water quality; Hydrochemistry; dominance; environmental change; microbial community; multivariate analysis; parameterization; physicochemical property; sampling; water quality; water temperature; South Africa; Vaal River	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873540075	Combined 18F-Fluoride and 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning for evaluation of malignancy: Results of an international multicenter trial	Iagaru A., Mittra E., Mosci C., Dick D.W., Sathekge M., Prakash V., Iyer V., Lapa P., Isidoro J., De Lima J.M., Gambhir S.S.	2013	Journal of Nuclear Medicine	54	2	10.2967/jnumed.112.108803	Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States; Pretoria University Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Serviço de Medicina Nuclear, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, Materials Science, and Engineering, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr., Room H-0101, Stanford, CA 94305, United States	Iagaru, A., Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr., Room H-0101, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Mittra, E., Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States; Mosci, C., Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States; Dick, D.W., Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States; Sathekge, M., Pretoria University Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Prakash, V., Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Iyer, V., Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Lapa, P., Serviço de Medicina Nuclear, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Isidoro, J., Serviço de Medicina Nuclear, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; De Lima, J.M., Serviço de Medicina Nuclear, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Gambhir, S.S., Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, Materials Science, and Engineering, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States	18F-FDG PET/CT is used in a variety of cancers, but because of variable rates of glucose metabolism, not all cancers are reliably identified. 18F- PET/CT allows for the acquisition of highly sensitive and specific images of the skeleton. We prospectively evaluated combined 18F-/18F-FDG as a single PET/CT examination for evaluation of cancer patients and compared it with separate 18F - PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. Methods: One hundred fifteen participants with cancer were prospectively enrolled in an international multicenter trial evaluating 18F- PET/CT, 18F-FDG PET/CT, and combined 18F-/ 18F-FDG PET/CT. The 3 PET/CT scans were performed sequentially within 4 wk of one another for each patient. Results: 18F-/ 18FFDG PET/CT allowed for accurate interpretation of radiotracer uptake outside the skeleton, with findings similar to those of 18F-FDG PET/CT. In 19 participants, skeletal disease was more extensive on 18F- PET/CT and 18F -/18F-FDG PET/CT than on 18F-FDG PET/CT. In another 29 participants, 18F- PET/CT and 18F-/18F-FDG PET/CT showed osseous metastases where 18FFDG PET/CT was negative. The extent of skeletal lesions was similar in 18 participants on all 3 scans. Conclusion: This trial demonstrated that combined 18F-/18F-FDG PET/CT shows promising results when compared with separate 18F- PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT for evaluation of cancer patients. This result opens the possibility for improved patient care and reduction in health-care costs, as will be further evaluated in future trials. Copyright © 2013 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Inc.	18F-FDG; 18F-; Cancer; PET/CT	fluorine 18; fluorodeoxyglucose f 18; diagnostic agent; fluorine; glucose; adult; aged; article; bone metastasis; cancer invasion; cancer patient; cancer staging; clinical evaluation; computer assisted emission tomography; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic imaging; diagnostic test accuracy study; dosimetry; female; human; image analysis; major clinical study; male; malignant neoplastic disease; multicenter study; outcome assessment; patient assessment; priority journal; prospective study; radiation dose distribution; bone; bone tumor; clinical trial; computer assisted tomography; image processing; international cooperation; metabolism; metastasis; methodology; middle aged; neoplasm; nuclear medicine; oncology; pilot study; positron emission tomography; reproducibility; scintiscanning; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone and Bones; Bone Neoplasms; Female; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Glucose; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; International Cooperation; Male; Medical Oncology; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Nuclear Medicine; Pilot Projects; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prospective Studies; Reproducibility of Results; Tomography, X-Ray Computed	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954507345	Evaluation of glucose uptake by skeletal muscle tissue and subcutaneous fat in HIV-infected patients with and without lipodystrophy using FDG-PET	Sathekge M., Maes A., Kgomo M., Stolz A., Ankrah A., Van De Wiele C.	2010	Nuclear Medicine Communications	31	4	10.1097/MNM.0b013e3283359058	Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pretoria Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Internal Medicine, Louis Pasteur Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Nuclear Medicine, AZ Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium; Department of Morphology and Medical Imaging, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium	Sathekge, M., Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pretoria Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Maes, A., Department of Nuclear Medicine, AZ Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium, Department of Morphology and Medical Imaging, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Kgomo, M., Department of Internal Medicine, Louis Pasteur Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Stolz, A., Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Ankrah, A., Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pretoria Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Van De Wiele, C., Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium	Objective: To evaluate differences in glucose uptake by skeletal muscle tissue and subcutaneous fat in HIV patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) presenting with and without lipodystrophy as well as in drug-naive HIV patients using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography. Patients and methods: Thirty-nine consecutive patients suffering from HIV: seven drug-naive patients, 21 nonlipodystrophic patients on HAART and 11 patients on HAART, respectively, suffering from lipodystrophy were prospectively included. All patients underwent a whole-body FDG positron emission tomography examination. Standardized uptake values (SUV values) of muscle and subcutaneous fat were compared and related to demographic and biochemical variables. Results: SUV mean values of subcutaneous fat were significantly higher in patients under HAART presenting with lipodystrophy when compared with untreated and treated, nonlipodystrophic patients (P=0.000). SUV mean values of subcutaneous fat significantly correlated with treatment duration (r =0.56, P=0.000) and CD4 count (r=0.51, P= 0.001) and inversely correlated with viral load (r = -0.61, P=0.000). Finally, SUV mean values of thigh muscles were not significantly different between the three different patient groups under study. Conclusion: Quantitative FDG uptake by subcutaneous fat proved significantly higher in HIV patients under HAART presenting with lipodystrophy. HAART did not influence FDG uptake by human skeletal muscle tissue under basal conditions. © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.	18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; Lipodystrophy	didanosine; efavirenz; fluorodeoxyglucose f 18; lamivudine; nevirapine; stavudine; anti human immunodeficiency virus agent; diagnostic agent; fluorodeoxyglucose f 18; glucose; adult; article; clinical article; controlled study; glucose transport; highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV associated lipodystrophy; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; patient monitoring; positron emission tomography; quantitative diagnosis; skeletal muscle; subcutaneous fat; virus load; adolescent; clinical trial; comparative study; cytology; drug effect; female; highly active antiretroviral therapy; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; insulin resistance; lipodystrophy; male; metabolism; middle aged; positron emission tomography; scintiscanning; skeletal muscle; subcutaneous fat; transport at the cellular level; treatment outcome; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Biological Transport; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Glucose; HIV Infections; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Lipodystrophy; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Positron-Emission Tomography; Subcutaneous Fat; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78751615380	Evaluation of a TaqMan real-time PCR for the detection of Theileria parva in buffalo and cattle	Papli N., Landt O., Fleischer C., Koekemoer J.O., Mans B.J., Pienaar R., Josemans A., Zweygarth E., Potgieter F., Latif A.A.	2011	Veterinary Parasitology	175	42433	10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.10.038	Onderstepoort Veterinary Instititute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; TIB MOLBIOL Syntheselabor GmbH, Eresburgstraße 22-23, D-12103 Berlin, Germany	Papli, N., Onderstepoort Veterinary Instititute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Landt, O., TIB MOLBIOL Syntheselabor GmbH, Eresburgstraße 22-23, D-12103 Berlin, Germany; Fleischer, C., TIB MOLBIOL Syntheselabor GmbH, Eresburgstraße 22-23, D-12103 Berlin, Germany; Koekemoer, J.O., Onderstepoort Veterinary Instititute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Mans, B.J., Onderstepoort Veterinary Instititute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Pienaar, R., Onderstepoort Veterinary Instititute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Josemans, A., Onderstepoort Veterinary Instititute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Zweygarth, E., Onderstepoort Veterinary Instititute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Potgieter, F., Onderstepoort Veterinary Instititute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; Latif, A.A., Onderstepoort Veterinary Instititute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa	A real-time PCR assay based on TaqMan probe chemistry was developed for the detection of Theileria parva DNA in blood samples. It uses a Theileria genus-specific PCR primer set and a T. parva-specific probe to amplify and hybridize with a species-specific part of the 18S rRNA gene of the parasite. The test was evaluated using positive and negative reference blood samples and shown to be specific for T. parva. Analytical sensitivity was determined by testing a dilution series of T. parva positive blood. It was shown to be able to detect parasitaemia as low as 2×10 -6%. The Taqman assay results were also compared with that obtained with the real-time hybridization probe PCR assay, which is currently employed as the official test for the diagnosis of T. parva infections in buffalo and cattle and was shown to be equally sensitive. A panel of 1164 field samples was screened using both assays and 164 samples tested positive in both tests, indicating a good correlation. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.	18s rRNA; Corridor disease; Hybridization probe; Real-time PCR; Sensitivity; Specificity; TaqMan probe; Theileria parva	RNA 18S; article; blood sampling; buffalo; cattle; controlled study; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test accuracy study; DNA determination; East Coast fever; hybridization polymerase chain reaction; intermethod comparison; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; parasite identification; polymerase chain reaction; real time polymerase chain reaction; screening test; sensitivity and specificity; Theileria parva; Animals; Buffaloes; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; DNA, Protozoan; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Parasitemia; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; Sensitivity and Specificity; Species Specificity; Theileria parva; Theileriasis; Bos; Theileria; Theileria parva	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869113671	Evaluation of the PC-SAFT, SAFT and CPA equations of state in predicting derivative properties of selected non-polar and hydrogen-bonding compounds	de Villiers A.J., Schwarz C.E., Burger A.J., Kontogeorgis G.M.	2013	Fluid Phase Equilibria	338	None	10.1016/j.fluid.2012.09.035	Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Center for Energy Resources Engineering (CERE), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark	de Villiers, A.J., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Schwarz, C.E., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Burger, A.J., Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Kontogeorgis, G.M., Center for Energy Resources Engineering (CERE), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark	In order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential and limitations of the PC-SAFT, SAFT and CPA equations-of-state, this study offers insight into their application for the prediction of derivative properties over extensive ranges of pressure and temperature. The ability of these models to predict selected properties (heat capacities, pressure-volume derivative, pressure-temperature derivative and speed of sound) are evaluated for n-alkanes and 1-acohols. For n-alkanes, it is shown that the cubic term of CPA is unable to describe the pressure-volume derivative at high pressures, which is a major shortcoming in predicting derivative properties compared to SAFT-based models. Although PC-SAFT and SAFT provide a substantially better prediction of the pressure-volume derivative than CPA, they are still not accurate enough to obtain good speed of sound predictions. All three models are unable to accurately correlate the isochoric heat capacity, indicating an incorrect temperature dependency in these models. PC-SAFT shows peculiar behaviour in the description of the isobaric heat capacity of alkanes that can be traced back to the incorrect description of the pressure-temperature derivative. For 1-alcohols, both CPA and PC-SAFT accurately predict the isobaric heat capacity when modelled with the 3B association scheme, while SAFT is unable to capture the singularities present in the property irrespective of the association scheme used. None of the models are able to predict the speed of sound accurately, because the terms describing physical interactions result in poor estimates of the pressure-volume derivative that governs the property. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.	1-Alcohols; CPA derivative properties; N-Alkanes; PC-SAFT; SAFT	1-Alcohols; CPA derivative properties; n-Alkanes; PC-SAFT; SAFT; Acoustic wave velocity; Hydrogen bonds; Models; Paraffins; Specific heat; Forecasting	None
None	None	Evaluation of detection methods for Campylobacter infections among under-fives in Mwanza City, Tanzania	Mushi M., Paterno L., Tappe D., Pendo A., Seni J., Moremi N., Mirambo M., Mshana S.	2014	Pan African Medical Journal	19	None	10.11604/pamj.2014.19.392.4242	Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania; Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany; Department of Pediatric and Child Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania	Mushi, M., Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania; Paterno, L., Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania; Tappe, D., Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany; Pendo, A., Department of Pediatric and Child Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania; Seni, J., Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania; Moremi, N., Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania; Mirambo, M., Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania; Mshana, S., Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania	Introduction: Campylobacter species are recognized as a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans throughout the world. The diagnosis is mainly based on stool culture. This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of staining methods (Gram stain using 0.3% carbol fuchsin as counter stain and 1% carbol fuchsin direct stain) versus culture as the gold standard.Methods: A Total of 300 children attending Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) and the Sekou Toure regional hospital with acute watery diarrhea were enrolled. Two sets of slides were prepared stained with 1% carbol fuchsin for 30 seconds first set, and the second set stained with Gram's stain using 0.3% carbol fuchsin as counter stain for five minutes. Concurrently, stool samples were inoculated on Preston Agar selective.Results: Of 300 stool specimens, 14(4.7%) showed positive culture after 48 hours of incubation and 28 (9.3%) shows typical morphology of Campylobacter species by both Gram stain and direct stain. The sensitivity of the Gram stain using 0.3% carbol fuchsin as counter stain and 1% carbol fuchsin simple stain versus culture as gold standard was 64.3%, with a specificity of 93.4%. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 32.1% and 98.2% respectively.Conclusion: The detection of Campylobacter by 1% carbol fuchsin is simple, inexpensive, and fast, with both a high sensitivity and specificity. Laboratories in settings with high prevalence of campylobacteriosis and/or limited resources can employ 1% carbol fuchsin direct stain in detecting campylobacter infections. © Martha Mushi et al.	1% carbol fuchsin; Acute watery diarrhea; Campylobacteriosis; Gram stain; Preston agar	carbol fuchsine; dye; unclassified drug; carbol-fuchsin solution; crystal violet; fuchsine; Gram's stain; phenazine derivative; agar medium; Article; bacterium culture; bacterium detection; campylobacteriosis; child; controlled study; cross-sectional study; diagnostic test accuracy study; diarrhea; feces analysis; female; gold standard; Gram staining; human; incubation time; infant; intermethod comparison; major clinical study; male; microbial morphology; nonhuman; predictive value; preschool child; prevalence; sensitivity and specificity; Tanzania; Campylobacter Infections; evaluation study; feces; mass screening; microbiological examination; microbiology; procedures; staining; Bacteriological Techniques; Campylobacter Infections; Child, Preschool; Feces; Female; Gentian Violet; Humans; Infant; Male; Mass Screening; Phenazines; Rosaniline Dyes; Staining and Labeling; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926144997	Evaluation of selected zimbabwean plant extracts as inhibitors of hematopoietic prostaglandin D<inf>2</inf> synthase	Chimponda T., Mukanganyama S.	2015	Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants	21	3	10.1080/10496475.2014.954073	Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Biomolecular Interactions Analyses Group, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Chimponda, T., Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Biomolecular Interactions Analyses Group, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mukanganyama, S., Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Biomolecular Interactions Analyses Group, P.O. Box MP 167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Increased expression of hematopoietic prostaglandin D2 synthase (H-PGDS) is responsible for allergic reactions promoting the inflammatory processes. A total of fifteen plant extracts were screened for their inhibitory activity against H-PGDS using 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as a substrate at 0.3 mg.mL-1. Seven of these plant extracts that were effective inhibitors of H-PGDS were then used to determine the half maximum inhibitory concentrations (IC<inf>50</inf>s). Parinari curatellifolia leaf ethanol extract was the most potent plant extract with an IC<inf>50</inf> of 3.8μg.mL-1 that was comparable to 2.1 μg.mL-1 of the standard Cibacron blue. P. curatellifolia extract directly inhibited H-PGDS activity, which was a kind of reversible inhibition of mixed type with respect to both GSH and CDNB as substrates. The results obtained in this study validate the ethnomedicinal use of P. curatellifolia in the reduction of symptoms of inflammation. Copyright © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	1-chloro-2; 4-dinitrobenzene; anti-inflammatory; glutathione S-transferases; Parinari curatellifolia	alcohol; cibacron blue f3ga; methanol; Parinari curatellifolia extract; plant extract; prostaglandin D synthase; prostaglandin D2; prostaglandin synthase inhibitor; unclassified drug; water; allergy; enzyme activity; gene expression; hematology; plant extract; antiinflammatory activity; Article; drug screening; enzyme inhibition; immobilized metal affinity chromatography; solvent extraction; Zimbabwe; Parinari	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874159362	Azide-alkyne cycloaddition en route to 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered 7-chloroquinoline-isatin chimeras: Synthesis and antimalarial evaluation	Raj R., Singh P., Singh P., Gut J., Rosenthal P.J., Kumar V.	2013	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	62	None	10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.032	Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States	Raj, R., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Singh, P., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India; Singh, P., Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa; Gut, J., Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Rosenthal, P.J., Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Kumar, V., Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India	We describe the synthesis and antimalarial activities of 1H-1,2,3-triazole tethered 7-chloroquinoline-isatin hybrids. Activity against cultured parasites was dependent on the C-5 substituent of the isatin ring as well as the alkyl chain length between the isatin and 7-chloroquinoline moieties. Compound 8h, with an optimum alkyl chain length (n = 3) and a chloro substituent at the C-5 position of the isatin ring, displayed the best activity among the test compounds, with IC50 value of 1.21 μM against cultured W2-strain Plasmodium falciparum. © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	1H-1,2,3-triazole; 7-Chloroquinoline-isatin conjugates; Antimalarial evaluation; Structure-activity relationship	1 [1 (7 chloro quinolin 4 yl) 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 (7 chloro quinolin 4 yl) 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 5 fluoro 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 (7 chloro quinolin 4 yl) 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 5 methyl 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 1h [1,2,3] triazol 4 ylmethyl] 5 methyl 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl} 5 fluoro 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 1h [1,2,3] triazol 4 ylmethyl] 5 fluoro 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 1 [1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 5 methyl 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 bromo 1 [1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 bromo 1 [1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) propyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 bromo1 [1 (7 chloro quinolin 4 yl) 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 chloro 1 [1 (7 chloro quinolin 4 yl) 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 chloro 1 [1 [2 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino) ethyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; 5 chloro 1 [1 [3 (7 chloro quinolin 4 ylamino)propyl] 1h [1,2,3]triazol 4 ylmethyl] 1h indole 2,3 dione; alkyne derivative; antimalarial agent; azide; unclassified drug; antimalarial activity; article; chimera; cycloaddition; IC 50; nonhuman; Plasmodium falciparum; Alkynes; Aminoquinolines; Antimalarials; Azides; Cyclization; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Isatin; Molecular Structure; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Plasmodium falciparum; Structure-Activity Relationship	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908874692	Evaluation of some 1H-pyrazole derivatives as a dual acting antimalarial and anti-leishmanial agents	Bekhit A.A., Haimanot T., Hymete A.	2014	Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	27	6	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt	Bekhit, A.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Haimanot, T., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Hymete, A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The synthesis of a novel series of 1H-pyrazole derivatives was achieved by condensation of pyrazole aldehyde 1 with hydrazine hydrate to give hydrazone 7. On the other hand, cyclization of α,β-unsaturated ketone counterpart 2 using hydrazine hydrate in liquid aliphatic acids rendered compounds 4-6 and hydrazine hydrate in ethanol afforded compound 3. The later was allowed to react with aroyl chloride giving rise to compounds 8, 9. All compounds were tested for their in vivo anti-malarial and in vitro antileishmanial activities. The anti-malarial activity was performed using Plasmodium berghei infected mice, while the anti-leishmanial activity of the compounds was determined against Leishmania aethiopica promastigotes using alamar blue reduction assay. Compound 3, 1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-phenyl-4-[3-(2-thienyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-yl]-1H-pyrazole, possessed the highest anti-malarial activity with suppression of 70.26%. The highest anti-leishmanial activity was exhibited by compound 2, 1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-phenyl-4-[1-(2-thienyl)-prop-2-en-1-one]-1H-pyrazole, with an IC50 of 0.079μg/ml. Hydrazone 7 showed appreciable dual anti-malarial (suppression = 62.30%) and anti-leishmanial activity (IC50 = 1.823μg/ml). © 2014, Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. All rights reserved.	1H-pyrazole; Acute toxicity; Alamar blue; Anti-malarial activity; Antileishmanial activity; Leishmania aethiopica; Plasmodium berghei	1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 (phenyl) 1h pyrazole 4 carboxaldehyde hydrazone; 1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 phenyl 4 [1 (2 thienyl) prop 2 en 1 one] 1h pyrazole; 1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 phenyl 4 [1 propyl 3 (2 thienyl) 2 pyrazolin 5 yl] 1h pyrazole; 1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 phenyl 4 [3 (2 thienyl) 2 pyrazolin 5yl] 1h pyrazole; 1h pyrazole derivative; 4 [1 acetyl 3 (2 thienyl) 2 pyrazolin 5 yl] 1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 phenyl 1h pyrazole; 4 [1 aroyl 3 (2 thienyl) 2 pyrazolin 5 yl] 1 (4 methylphenyl) 3 phenyl 1h pyrazole; 4 [1 butyl 3 (2 thienyl) 2 pyrazoline 5 yl] 1 p methylphenyl 3 phenyl 1h pyrazole; alcohol; aliphatic carboxylic acid; antileishmanial agent; antimalarial agent; chloride; hydrazine; hydrazone derivative; ketone; pyrazole derivative; unclassified drug; antimalarial agent; pyrazole derivative; antimalarial activity; Article; controlled study; cyclization; drug design; drug effect; drug screening; drug synthesis; IC50; in vitro study; in vivo study; Leishmania; Leishmania aethiopica; male; mouse; nonhuman; Plasmodium berghei; promastigote; animal; drug effects; toxicity; Animals; Antimalarials; Leishmania; Male; Mice; Plasmodium berghei; Pyrazoles	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20344400117	Determination of midazolam and its major metabolite 1′- hydroxymidazolam by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry in plasma from children	Muchohi S.N., Ward S.A., Preston L., Newton C.R.J.C., Edwards G., Kokwaro G.O.	2005	Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences	821	1	10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.03.015	Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 43640, 00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, P.O. Box 230, 80108-Kilifi, Kenya; Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE Liverpool, United Kingdom; Neurosciences Unit, Institute for Child Health, University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya	Muchohi, S.N., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 43640, 00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, P.O. Box 230, 80108-Kilifi, Kenya; Ward, S.A., Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE Liverpool, United Kingdom; Preston, L., Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA Liverpool, United Kingdom; Newton, C.R.J.C., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, P.O. Box 230, 80108-Kilifi, Kenya, Neurosciences Unit, Institute for Child Health, University of London, London, United Kingdom; Edwards, G., Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology Research Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, L69 3GE Liverpool, United Kingdom; Kokwaro, G.O., Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 43640, 00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast, P.O. Box 230, 80108-Kilifi, Kenya, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya	We have developed a sensitive, selective and reproducible reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) for the simultaneous quantification of midazolam (MDZ) and its major metabolite, 1′-hydroxymidazolam (1′-OHM) in a small volume (200 μl) of human plasma. Midazolam, 1′-OHM and 1′-chlordiazepoxide (internal standard) were extracted from alkalinised (pH 9.5) spiked and clinical plasma samples using a single step liquid-liquid extraction with 1-chlorobutane. The chromatographic separation was performed on a reversed-phase HyPURITY™ Elite C18 (5 μm particle size; 100 mm × 2.1 mm i.d.) analytical column using an acidic (pH 2.8) mobile phase (water-acetonitrile; 75:25% (v/v) containing formic acid (0.1%, v/v)) delivered at a flow-rate of 200 μl/min. The mass spectrometer was operated in the positive ion mode at the protonated-molecular ions [M + l] + of parent drug and metabolite. Calibration curves in spiked plasma were linear (r2 ≥ 0.99) from 15 to 600 ng/ml (MDZ) and 5-200 ng/ml (1′-OHM). The limits of detection and quantification were 2 and 5 ng/ml, respectively, for both MDZ and 1′-OHM. The mean relative recoveries at 40 and 600 ng/ml (MDZ) were 79.4 ± 3.1% (n = 6) and 84.2 ± 4.7% (n = 8), respectively; for 1′-OHM at 30 and 200 ng/ml the values were 89.9 ± 7.2% (n = 6) and 86.9 ± 5.6% (n = 8), respectively. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) for MDZ were less than 8%, and for 1′-OHM were less than 13%. There was no interference from other commonly used antimalarials, antipyretic drugs and antibiotics. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of MDZ and 1′-OHM in children with severe malaria and convulsions following administration of MDZ either intravenously (i.v.) or intramuscularly (i.m.). © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	1′-Hydroxymidazolam; Midazolam; Pharmacokinetics in children	Assays; Drug products; Ionization; Mass spectrometry; Metabolites; Solvent extraction; Antimalarials; Electrospray ionization (ESI); Midazolam; Protonated molecular ions; High performance liquid chromatography; 1' chlordiazepoxide; alpha hydroxymidazolam; analgesic agent; antibiotic agent; anticonvulsive agent; antimalarial agent; antipyretic agent; artesunate; ceftriaxone; chloramphenicol; chlordiazepoxide; chloroquine; cycloguanil; deethylchloroquine; midazolam; midazolam maleate; paracetamol; penicillin G; proguanil; pyrimethamine; quinine; salicylic acid; sulfadoxine; unclassified drug; accuracy; alkalinity; analytic method; anticonvulsant activity; antimalarial activity; article; blood sampling; child; controlled study; device; drug blood level; drug determination; drug isolation; electrospray mass spectrometry; high performance liquid chromatography; human; liquid liquid extraction; malaria; priority journal; reliability; seizure; Anticonvulsants; Child; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Kenya; Malaria, Falciparum; Midazolam; Reproducibility of Results; Seizures; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649399126	Evaluation of in vivo antihypertensive and in vitro vasodepressor activities of the leaf extract of syzygium guineense (willd) D.C.	Ayele Y., Urga K., Engidawork E.	2010	Phytotherapy Research	24	10	10.1002/ptr.3141	Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Ethiopia	Ayele, Y., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Urga, K., Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Ethiopia; Engidawork, E., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	The aim of this work was to evaluate the antihypertensive activity of the hydroalcohol extract of the leaves of Syzygium guineense (Willd) D.C. (Myrtaceae) in a 1-kidney-1-clip rat model and its vasorelaxant effect on isolated aorta. The extract reduced blood pressure in a dose and time dependent fashion. Following 3 days of treatment, single oral daily doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg caused an overall reduction (p &lt; 0.05) of systolic blood pressure by 6.9, 34.0 and 40.8 mmHg, respectively. The diastolic blood pressure was, however, significantly reduced (p &lt; 0.05) by 100 mg/kg (10.3 mmHg) and 150 mg/kg (18.4 mmHg) doses only. The mean blood pressure was reduced by 5.0, 18.3 and 25.9 mmHg by the respective doses. The extract also caused a dose-dependent relaxation of aorta precontracted with KCl at a concentration of 5-70 mg/mL, with a maximum relaxation of 56.22% achieved at 70 mg/mL concentration. The relaxation mechanism was found to be independent of the endothelium system, muscarinic receptors, histamine receptors, ATP dependent K+ channels, cyclooxygenase enzymes and cGMP/NO pathway. The findings suggest that the extract had an antihypertensive effect most likely caused by dilation of the blood vessels, a confirmation for the folkloric use of the plant. © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.	1K1C rat model; antihypertensive; hydroalcohol extract; Syzyguim guineense; vasorelaxation	adenosine triphosphate sensitive potassium channel; antihypertensive agent; cyclic GMP; histamine receptor; muscarinic receptor; nitric oxide; plant extract; prostaglandin synthase; Syzygium guineense extract; unclassified drug; vasodilator agent; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antihypertensive activity; aorta; article; blood pressure regulation; diastolic blood pressure; dose response; female; in vitro study; in vivo study; male; mean arterial pressure; Myrtaceae; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; reticuloendothelial system; systolic blood pressure; Syzygium guineense; vasodilatation; Angiosperms; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Aorta; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vasodilation; Vasodilator Agents; Myrtaceae; Rattus; Syzygium guineense	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898980052	Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel 1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents	Patel V., Bhatt N., Bhatt P., Joshi H.D.	2014	Medicinal Chemistry Research	23	4	10.1007/s00044-013-0799-6	Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India; JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa	Patel, V., Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India; Bhatt, N., JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India; Bhatt, P., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa; Joshi, H.D., Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India	Novel compounds of biological interest were synthesized by in situ reduction of Schiff's base of 5,6-dimethoxy indanone and 1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H- benzo[d] imidazol-2(3H)-one in the presence of Ti(OiPr)4 and NaBH3CN. Further alkylation using different alkyl/aryl halides in the presence of NaH in DMF gave a series of novel compounds. A formation of newly synthesized compounds was confirmed on the basis of their spectral and elemental analysis. Further these compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity and found to have promising antibacterial and antifungal activity. © Springer Science+Business Media 2013.	1-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2(3H)-one; 5,6-dimethoxy indanone; Antimicrobial agents; In situ reduction of Schiff's base	1 (piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one derivative; 3 benzyl 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 3 butyl 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 (3 (dimethylamino)propyl 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 (4 nitrobenzyl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 (methoxymethyl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 isobutyl 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 propyl 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1yl)piperidin 4 yl) 3 ethyl 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 3 (2 chloroethyl) 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo{d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 5 chloro 3 (4 chlorobenzyl) 1 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 1h benzo[d]imidazol 2(3h) one; 6 chloro 3 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) n,n diethyl 2 oxo 2,3 dihydro 1h benzo[d]imidazole 1 carboxamide; antiinfective agent; ethyl 2 (6 chloro 3 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl) 2 oxo 2,3 dihydro 1h benzo[d]imidazol 1 yl)acetate; ethyl 6 chloro 3 (1 (5,6 dimethoxy 2,3 dihydro 1h inden 1 yl)piperidin 4 yl)2 oxo 2,3 dihydro 1h benzo[d]imidazole 1 carboxylate; imidazole derivative; Schiff base; unclassified drug; alkylation; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; antimicrobial activity; article; drug screening; drug synthesis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929147308	Impact of early valve surgery on outcome of staphylococcus aureus prosthetic valve infective endocarditis: Analysis in the international collaboration of endocarditis-prospective cohort study	Chirouze C., Alla F., Fowler V.G., Jr., Sexton D.J., Corey G.R., Chu V.H., Wang A., Erpelding M.-L., Durante-Mangoni E., Fernández-Hidalgo N., Giannitsioti E., Hannan M.M., Lejko-Zupanc T., Miró J.M., Muñoz P., Murdoch D.R., Tattevin P., Tribouilloy C., H	2015	Clinical Infectious Diseases	60	5	10.1093/cid/ciu871	UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, France; Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Boulevard Fleming, Besançon cedex, France; Université de Lorraine, Université Paris Descartes, Apemac, Nancy, France; INSERM, CIC-EC, CIE6, Nancy, France; CHUNancy, Pôle S2R, Epidémiologie et Evaluation Cliniques, Nancy, France; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Naples S.U.N., Monaldi Hospital, Italy; Servei de Malalties Infeccioses, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University, General Hospital, Athens, Greece; Department of Microbiology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Microbiology Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand; Maladies Infectieuses et Réanimation Médicale, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France; Départment de Cardiologie, Hôpital Universitaire Sud, Amiens, France; Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Faculté de Médecine Hyacinthe Bastaraud, EA 4537, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe; Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CIC 1424, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Pointe-à-Pitre, France; Hospital Italiano, Italy; Instituto Cardiovascular, United States; Hospital Universitario de la Fundaciòn Favaloro, Argentina; Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre, Argentina; Alfred Hospital, Argentina; Barwon Health, Argentina; Canberra Hospital, Australia; Flinders Medical Centre, Australia; Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Southern Health, Australia; St George Hospital, Australia; St Vincent's, Australia; Sutherland, United States; University of New South Wales, Australia; Vienna General Hospital, Austria; Ana Neri Hospital, Brazil; Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil; Hospital 9 de Julho, Brazil; Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, UFRJ, Brazil; Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Cardiologi, Mexico; University of Manitoba, Canada; Hospital Clínico Pont, Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Hospital Clinico, Universidad de Chile, Chile; University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Chile; Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Chile; Cairo University, Medical School, Egypt; CHU Nancy-Brabois, France; Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France; Hospital Louis Pradel, France; Pontchaillou University, France; South Hospital Amiens, France; University Medical Center of Besançon, France; Universitaetskliniken Bergmannsheil Bochum, Germany; University Essen, Germany; Attikon University, General Hospital, Greece; Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India; Medical College Calicut, United States; Mater Hospitals, Australia; Hadassah-Hebrew University, Israel; Tel Aviv University, School of Medicine, Israel; II Università di Napoli, Italy; Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy; Ospedale di Circolo Varese, Italy; Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy; Spedali Civili - Università di Brescia, Italy; American University, Beirut Medical Center, United States; University of Malaya Medical Center, Malaysia; National Heart Institute, United States; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico; University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; University of Otago, New Zealand; Middlemore Hospital, New Zealand; Diagnostic Medlab, New Zealand; Wellington Hospital, United Kingdom; North Shore Hospital, New Zealand; ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania; Learning-Scientific Centre, Medical Centre, Russian Presidential Affairs Government Medical Centre of Russian, Russian Federation; Russian Medical State University, Russian Federation; King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Research Center, Saudi Arabia; National Heart Centre, United States; Medical Center Ljublijana, Slovenia; University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa; Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Hospitál de Sabadell, Spain; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Spain; Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío, Spain; Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset/Östra, Sweden; Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, United Kingdom; St Thomas' Hospital, United States; Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, United States; Dallas VA Medical Center, United States; Duke University Medical Center, United States; Emory University, United States; Medical University of South Carolina, United States; New York University Medical Center, United States; Summa Health System, United States; University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States; UT-Southwestern Medical Center, United States; Wayne State University, United States; Quintiles, United States	Chirouze, C., UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, France, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Boulevard Fleming, Besançon cedex, France; Alla, F., Université de Lorraine, Université Paris Descartes, Apemac, Nancy, France, INSERM, CIC-EC, CIE6, Nancy, France, CHUNancy, Pôle S2R, Epidémiologie et Evaluation Cliniques, Nancy, France, CHU Nancy-Brabois, France; Fowler, V.G., Jr., Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States, ICE Coordinating Center, United States, Duke University Medical Center, United States; Sexton, D.J., Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States, Duke University Medical Center, United States; Corey, G.R., Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States, ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Chu, V.H., Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States, ICE Coordinating Center, United States, Duke University Medical Center, United States; Wang, A., Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States, Duke University Medical Center, United States; Erpelding, M.-L., INSERM, CIC-EC, CIE6, Nancy, France, CHUNancy, Pôle S2R, Epidémiologie et Evaluation Cliniques, Nancy, France; Durante-Mangoni, E., Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Naples S.U.N., Monaldi Hospital, Italy, II Università di Napoli, Italy; Fernández-Hidalgo, N., Servei de Malalties Infeccioses, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Spain; Giannitsioti, E., Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University, General Hospital, Athens, Greece, Attikon University, General Hospital, Greece; Hannan, M.M., Department of Microbiology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland, Mater Hospitals, Australia; Lejko-Zupanc, T., Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia, Medical Center Ljublijana, Slovenia; Miró, J.M., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Madrid, Spain, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Muñoz, P., Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Murdoch, D.R., Microbiology Unit, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand, University of Otago, New Zealand; Tattevin, P., Maladies Infectieuses et Réanimation Médicale, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France, Pontchaillou University, France; Tribouilloy, C., Départment de Cardiologie, Hôpital Universitaire Sud, Amiens, France, South Hospital Amiens, France; Hoen, B., UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Franche-Comté, France, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Boulevard Fleming, Besançon cedex, France, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Faculté de Médecine Hyacinthe Bastaraud, EA 4537, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CIC 1424, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Pointe-à-Pitre, France, University Medical Center of Besançon, France; Clara, L., Hospital Italiano, Italy; Sanchez, M., Hospital Italiano, Italy; Nacinovich, F., Instituto Cardiovascular, United States; Oses, P.F., Instituto Cardiovascular, United States; Ronderos, R., Instituto Cardiovascular, United States; Sucari, A., Instituto Cardiovascular, United States; Thierer, J., Instituto Cardiovascular, United States; Casabé, J., Hospital Universitario de la Fundaciòn Favaloro, Argentina; Cortes, C., Hospital Universitario de la Fundaciòn Favaloro, Argentina; Altclas, J., Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre, Argentina; Kogan, S., Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre, Argentina; Spelman, D., Alfred Hospital, Argentina; Athan, E., Barwon Health, Argentina; Harris, O., Barwon Health, Argentina; Kennedy, K., Canberra Hospital, Australia; Tan, R., Canberra Hospital, Australia; Gordon, D., Flinders Medical Centre, Australia; Papanicolas, L., Flinders Medical Centre, Australia; Eisen, D., Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Grigg, L., Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Street, A., Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Korman, T., Southern Health, Australia; Kotsanas, D., Southern Health, Australia; Dever, R., St George Hospital, Australia; Konecny, P., St George Hospital, Australia; Lawrence, R., St George Hospital, Australia; Rees, D., St George Hospital, Australia; Ryan, S., St George Hospital, Australia, St Vincent's, Australia, Sutherland, United States, University of New South Wales, Australia; Feneley, M.P., St Vincent's, Australia; Harkness, J., St Vincent's, Australia; Jones, P., St George Hospital, Australia, St Vincent's, Australia, Sutherland, United States, University of New South Wales, Australia; Post, J., University of New South Wales, Australia; Reinbott, P., University of New South Wales, Australia; Gattringer, R., Vienna General Hospital, Austria; Wiesbauer, F., Vienna General Hospital, Austria; Andrade, A.R., Ana Neri Hospital, Brazil; De Brito, A.C.P., Ana Neri Hospital, Brazil; Guimarães, A.C., Ana Neri Hospital, Brazil; Grinberg, M., Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil; Mansur, A.J., Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil; Siciliano, R.F., Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil; Strabelli, T.M.V., Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil; Vieira, M.L.C., Heart Institute (Incor), University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Brazil; De Medeiros Tranchesi, R.A., Hospital 9 de Julho, Brazil; Paiva, M.G., Hospital 9 de Julho, Brazil; Fortes, C.Q., Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, UFRJ, Brazil; De Oliveira Ramos, A., Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, Brazil; Ferraiuoli, G., Instituto Nacional de Cardiologi, Mexico; Golebiovski, W., Instituto Nacional de Cardiologi, Mexico; Lamas, C., Instituto Nacional de Cardiologi, Mexico; Santos, M., Instituto Nacional de Cardiologi, Mexico; Weksler, C., Instituto Nacional de Cardiologi, Mexico; Karlowsky, J.A., University of Manitoba, Canada; Keynan, Y., University of Manitoba, Canada; Morris, A.M., University of Manitoba, Canada; Rubinstein, E., University of Manitoba, Canada, Tel Aviv University, School of Medicine, Israel; Jones, S.B., Hospital Clínico Pont, Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Garcia, P., Hospital Clínico Pont, Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Cereceda, M., Hospital Clinico, Universidad de Chile, Chile; Fica, A., Hospital Clinico, Universidad de Chile, Chile; Mella, R.M., Hospital Clinico, Universidad de Chile, Chile; Barsic, B., University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Chile; Bukovski, S., University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Chile; Krajinovic, V., University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Chile; Pangercic, A., University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Chile; Rudez, I., University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Chile; Vincelj, J., University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Chile; Freiberger, T., Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Chile; Pol, J., Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Chile; Zaloudikova, B., Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Chile; Zainab, A., Cairo University, Medical School, Egypt; El Kholy, A., Cairo University, Medical School, Egypt; Mishaal, M., Cairo University, Medical School, Egypt; Rizk, H., Cairo University, Medical School, Egypt; Aissa, N., CHU Nancy-Brabois, France; Alauzet, C., CHU Nancy-Brabois, France; Campagnac, C., CHU Nancy-Brabois, France; Doco-Lecompte, T., CHU Nancy-Brabois, France; Selton-Suty, C., CHU Nancy-Brabois, France; Casalta, J.-P., Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France; Fournier, P.-E., Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France; Habib, G., Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France; Raoult, D., Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France; Thuny, F., Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, France; Delahaye, F., Hospital Louis Pradel, France; Delahaye, A., Hospital Louis Pradel, France; Vandenesch, F., Hospital Louis Pradel, France; Donal, E., Pontchaillou University, France; Donnio, P.Y., Pontchaillou University, France; Michelet, C., Pontchaillou University, France; Revest, M., Pontchaillou University, France; Violette, J., Pontchaillou University, France; Chevalier, F., South Hospital Amiens, France; Jeu, A., South Hospital Amiens, France; Rusinaru, D.M.D., South Hospital Amiens, France; Sorel, C., South Hospital Amiens, France; Bernard, Y., University Medical Center of Besançon, France; Leroy, J., University Medical Center of Besançon, France; Plesiat, P., University Medical Center of Besançon, France; Naber, C., Universitaetskliniken Bergmannsheil Bochum, Germany, University Essen, Germany; Neuerburg, C., Universitaetskliniken Bergmannsheil Bochum, Germany, University Essen, Germany; Mazaheri, B., University Essen, Germany; Athanasia, S., Attikon University, General Hospital, Greece; Deliolanis, I., Attikon University, General Hospital, Greece; Giamarellou, H., Attikon University, General Hospital, Greece; Tsaganos, T., Attikon University, General Hospital, Greece; Mylona, E., Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece; Paniara, O., Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece; Papanicolaou, K., Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece; Pyros, J., Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece; Skoutelis, A., Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Greece; Sharma, G., All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India; Francis, J., Medical College Calicut, United States; Nair, L., Medical College Calicut, United States; Thomas, V., Medical College Calicut, United States; Venugopal, K., Medical College Calicut, United States; Hurley, J., Mater Hospitals, Australia; Gilon, D., Hadassah-Hebrew University, Israel; Israel, S., Hadassah-Hebrew University, Israel; Korem, M., Hadassah-Hebrew University, Israel; Strahilevitz, J., Hadassah-Hebrew University, Israel, Tel Aviv University, School of Medicine, Israel; Casillo, R., II Università di Napoli, Italy; Cuccurullo, S., II Università di Napoli, Italy; Dialetto, G., II Università di Napoli, Italy; Irene, M., II Università di Napoli, Italy; Ragone, E., II Università di Napoli, Italy; Tripodi, M.F., II Università di Napoli, Italy; Utili, R., II Università di Napoli, Italy; Cecchi, E., Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy; De Rosa, F., Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy; Forno, D., Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy; Imazio, M., Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy; Trinchero, R., Maria Vittoria Hospital, Italy; Tebini, A., Ospedale di Circolo Varese, Italy; Grossi, P., Ospedale di Circolo Varese, Italy; Lattanzio, M., Ospedale di Circolo Varese, Italy; Toniolo, A., Ospedale di Circolo Varese, Italy; Goglio, A., Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy; Raglio, A., Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy; Ravasio, V., Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy; Rizzi, M., Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy; Suter, F., Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Italy; Carosi, G., Spedali Civili - Università di Brescia, Italy; Magri, S., Spedali Civili - Università di Brescia, Italy; Signorini, L., Spedali Civili - Università di Brescia, Italy; Baban, T., American University, Beirut Medical Center, United States; Kanafani, Z., American University, Beirut Medical Center, United States; Kanj, S.S., American University, Beirut Medical Center, United States; Yasmine, M., American University, Beirut Medical Center, United States; Abidin, I., University of Malaya Medical Center, Malaysia; Tamin, S.S., National Heart Institute, United States; Martínez, E.R., Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico; Nieto, G.I.S., Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico; Van Der Meer, J.T.M., University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; Chambers, S., University of Otago, New Zealand; Holland, D., Middlemore Hospital, New Zealand; Morris, A., Diagnostic Medlab, New Zealand; Raymond, N., Wellington Hospital, United Kingdom; Read, K., North Shore Hospital, New Zealand; Dragulescu, S., Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania; Ionac, A., Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania; Mornos, C., Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania; Butkevich, O.M., Learning-Scientific Centre, Medical Centre, Russian Presidential Affairs Government Medical Centre of Russian, Russian Federation; Chipigina, N., Russian Medical State University, Russian Federation; Kirill, O., Russian Medical State University, Russian Federation; Vadim, K., Russian Medical State University, Russian Federation; Vinogradova, T., Russian Medical State University, Russian Federation; Edathodu, J., King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Research Center, Saudi Arabia; Halim, M., King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Research Center, Saudi Arabia; Lum, L.-N., National Heart Centre, United States; Tan, R.-S., National Heart Centre, United States; Logar, M., Medical Center Ljublijana, Slovenia; Mueller-Premru, M., Medical Center Ljublijana, Slovenia; Commerford, P., University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa; Commerford, A., University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa; Deetlefs, E., University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa; Hansa, C., University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa; Ntsekhe, M., University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa; Almela, M., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Armero, Y., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Azqueta, M., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Castañeda, X., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cervera, C., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Del Rio, A., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Falces, C., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Garcia-De-La-Maria, C., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fita, G., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Gatell, J.M., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Marco, F., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Mestres, C.A., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Moreno, A., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Ninot, S., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Paré, C., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Pericas, J., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Ramirez, J., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rovira, I., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Sitges, M., Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Anguera, I., Hospitál de Sabadell, Spain; Font, B., Hospitál de Sabadell, Spain; Guma, J.R., Hospitál de Sabadell, Spain; Bermejo, J., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Bouza, E., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Fernández, M.A.G., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Gonzalez-Ramallo, V., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Marín, M., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Pedromingo, M., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Roda, J., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Rodríguez-Créixems, M., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Solis, J., Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain; Almirante, B., Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Spain; Tornos, P., Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Spain; De Alarcón, A., Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío, Spain; Parra, R., Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío, Spain; Alestig, E., Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset/Östra, Sweden; Johansson, M., Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset/Östra, Sweden; Olaison, L., Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset/Östra, Sweden; Snygg-Martin, U., Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset/Östra, Sweden; Pachirat, O., Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Pachirat, P., Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Pussadhamma, B., Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Senthong, V., Khon Kaen University, Thailand; Casey, A., Queen Elizabeth Hospital, United Kingdom; Elliott, T., Queen Elizabeth Hospital, United Kingdom; Lambert, P., Queen Elizabeth Hospital, United Kingdom; Watkin, R., Queen Elizabeth Hospital, United Kingdom; Eyton, C., St Thomas' Hospital, United States; Klein, J.L., St Thomas' Hospital, United States; Bradley, S., Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, United States; Kauffman, C., Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, United States; Bedimo, R., Dallas VA Medical Center, United States; Crowley, A.L., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Douglas, P., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Drew, L., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Holland, T., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Lalani, T., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Mudrick, D., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Samad, Z., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Stryjewski, M., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Woods, C.W., Duke University Medical Center, United States; Lerakis, S., Emory University, United States; Cantey, R., Medical University of South Carolina, United States; Steed, L., Medical University of South Carolina, United States; Wray, D., Medical University of South Carolina, United States; Dickerman, S.A., New York University Medical Center, United States; Bonilla, H., Summa Health System, United States; Di Persio, J., Summa Health System, United States; Salstrom, S.-J., Summa Health System, United States; Baddley, J., University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States; Patel, M., University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States; Peterson, G., UT-Southwestern Medical Center, United States; Stancoven, A., UT-Southwestern Medical Center, United States; Afonso, L., Wayne State University, United States; Kulman, T., Wayne State University, United States; Levine, D., Wayne State University, United States; Rybak, M., Wayne State University, United States; Cabell, C.H., Quintiles, United States; Baloch, K., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Dixon, C.C., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Harding, T., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Jones-Richmond, M., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Pappas, P., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Park, L.P., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Redick, T., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Stafford, J., ICE Coordinating Center, United States; Anstrom, K.; Bayer, A.S.; Karchmer, A.W.; Durack, D.T.; Eykyn, S.; Moreillon, P.	Background. The impact of early valve surgery (EVS) on the outcome of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) prosthetic valve infective endocarditis (PVIE) is unresolved. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between EVS, performed within the first 60 days of hospitalization, and outcome of SA PVIE within the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study. Methods. Participants were enrolled between June 2000 and December 2006. Cox proportional hazards modeling that included surgery as a time-dependent covariate and propensity adjustment for likelihood to receive cardiac surgery was used to evaluate the impact of EVS and 1-year all-cause mortality on patients with definite left-sided S. aureus PVIE and no history of injection drug use. Results. EVS was performed in 74 of the 168 (44.3%) patients. One-year mortality was significantly higher among patients with S. aureus PVIE than in patients with non-S. aureus PVIE (48.2% vs 32.9%; P = .003). Staphylococcus aureus PVIE patients who underwent EVS had a significantly lower 1-year mortality rate (33.8% vs 59.1%; P = .001). In multivariate, propensity-adjusted models, EVS was not associated with 1-year mortality (risk ratio, 0.67 [95% confidence interval, .39-1.15]; P = .15). Conclusions. In this prospective, multinational cohort of patients with S. aureus PVIE, EVS was not associated with reduced 1-year mortality. The decision to pursue EVS should be individualized for each patient, based upon infection-specific characteristics rather than solely upon the microbiology of the infection causing PVIE. © The Author 2014.	1-year mortality; Endocarditis; Prosthetic valve; Surgery	aged; Article; bacterial endocarditis; cerebrovascular accident; cohort analysis; congestive heart failure; controlled study; drug use; early valve surgery; evaluation study; female; follow up; heart surgery; heart valve prosthesis; heart valve surgery; hospitalization; human; major clinical study; male; mortality; multicenter study; outcome assessment; priority journal; prospective study; Staphylococcus aureus; staphylococcus aureus prosthetic valve infective endocarditis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891676147	The media impact of South Africa's historical hosting of Africa's first mega-event: Sport and leisure consumption patterns	Swart K., Linley M., Bob U.	2013	International Journal of the History of Sport	30	16	10.1080/09523367.2013.861130	Department of Tourism and Event Management, Faculty of Business, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa; College of Sports and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Geography, School of Environmental Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Swart, K., Department of Tourism and Event Management, Faculty of Business, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa; Linley, M., College of Sports and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Bob, U., Department of Geography, School of Environmental Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	The 2010 FIFA World Cup held in South Africa was the biggest mega-event ever to be hosted on the African continent. This historical event had several social, economic and developmental imperatives, including destination profiling and changing negative perceptions of South Africa, specifically, and the African continent more generally. This research undertakes a media analysis of the 2010 FIFA World Cup in selected key markets, namely the UK, Germany, the Netherlands and the USA. The study investigates the media impact of the 2010 FIFA World Cup on South Africa as the host nation and Africa's major tourism destination by undertaking a media analysis of the key source markets. Africa's first mega-event provides an ideal opportunity to examine how a host country (in this case South Africa) is profiled in relation to sport and leisure consumption patterns, including shifts in sentiment over time. Four time periods were identified, namely pre-, leading up to, during and post-2010. A qualitative analysis is undertaken, which includes content sourcing, content identification, semantic cluster analysis and the use of Leximancer, an analytical tool used to evaluate the content of textual documents, in this case primarily online newspaper articles. For each of the source markets identified, 400-600 articles were extracted. The findings show generally positive or favourable media coverage in relation to sport and leisure consumption patterns. However, a higher level of unfavourable media coverage was discernible during the pre-and lead-up periods, which may have influenced World Cup attendance figures and therefore leisure consumption. Specific tourist products (in particular Table Mountain and Robben Island) and the main host cities (Johannesburg, Cape Town and Durban) had more mentions and stronger associations than South Africa generally. The positive imagery which prevailed during the event needs to be further emphasised in future sport events and the tourism and leisure marketing of South Africa. © 2013 Taylor and Francis.	2010 FIFA World Cup; leisure consumption; media content analysis; South Africa; sport	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904339730	'There are a lot of new people in town: But they are here for soccer, not for business' a qualitative inquiry into the impact of the 2010 soccer world cup on sex work in South Africa	Richter M.L., Scorgie F., Chersich M.F., Luchters S.	2014	Globalization and Health	10	1	10.1186/1744-8603-10-45	International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent 9000, Belgium; African Centre for Migration and Society, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for International Health, Burnet Institute 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia	Richter, M.L., International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent 9000, Belgium, African Centre for Migration and Society, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Scorgie, F., Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Chersich, M.F., International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent 9000, Belgium, Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Luchters, S., International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent 9000, Belgium, Centre for International Health, Burnet Institute 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia	Background: Sports mega-events have expanded in size, popularity and cost. Fuelled by media speculation and moral panics, myths proliferate about the increase in trafficking into forced prostitution as well as sex work in the run-up to such events. This qualitative enquiry explores the perceptions of male, female and transgender sex workers of the 2010 Soccer World Cup held in South Africa, and the impact it had on their work and private lives.Methods: A multi-method study design was employed. Data consisted of 14 Focus Group Discussions, 53 sex worker diaries, and responses to two questions in surveys with 1059 male, female and transgender sex workers in three cities.Results: Overall, a minority of participants noted changes to the sex sector due to the World Cup and nothing emerged on the feared increases in trafficking into forced prostitution. Participants who observed changes in their work mainly described differences, both positive and negative, in working conditions, income and client relations, as well as police harassment. The accounts of changes were heterogeneous - often conflicting in the same research site and across sites.Conclusions: No major shifts occurred in sex work during the World Cup, and only a few inconsequential changes were noted. Sports mega-events provide strategic opportunities to expand health and human rights programmes to sex workers. The 2010 World Cup missed that opportunity. © 2014 Richter et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	2010 Soccer World Cup; Prostitution; Sex work; Sports mega-events; Trafficking	human rights; morality; parallel economy; perception; prostitution; sport; trafficking; working conditions; behavioral response; health impact; social impact; strategic approach; adult; article; female; female worker; human; male; multimethod study; police; priority journal; prostitution; qualitative research; sexual harassment; sexual minority; soccer; social participation; South Africa; sporting event; threat; transsexuality; work environment; young adult; Article; assault; health program; health survey; human relation; human rights; income; legal aspect; perception; sex trafficking; sexual behavior; social aspect; South Africa; transgender; human trafficking; information processing; prostitution; psychology; statistics and numerical data; South Africa; Adult; Female; Focus Groups; Human Trafficking; Humans; Male; Prostitution; Qualitative Research; Sex Workers; Soccer; South Africa; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953236502	The association of 20M shuttle run performance with a substantial increase in waist circumference in japanese middle-aged adults	Yamamoto N., Kojo K., Shimura M., Hagi Y.	2010	Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine	59	2	None	Department of Fisheries Distribution and Management, National Fisheries University, United States; Graduate School of Physical Education, National Institute of Fitness and Sports, Kanoya, Nigeria; Citizen's Health Plaza, Health Promotion Center, United St	Yamamoto, N., Department of Fisheries Distribution and Management, National Fisheries University, United States, Graduate School of Physical Education, National Institute of Fitness and Sports, Kanoya, Nigeria; Kojo, K., Citizen's Health Plaza, Health Promotion Center, United States; Shimura, M., Department for Interdisciplinary Studies of Lifelong Sport and Physical Activity, National Institute of Fitness and Sports, Kanoya, Nigeria; Hagi, Y., Department of Sport and Leisure Management, TOKAI University, Japan	Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between 20m shuttle run (20mSRT) performance and a substantial increase in waist circumference (WC) with aging in Japanese middle-aged adults. Methods: One hundred and fifty-six Japanese middle-aged adults (40-64 yrs; 40 males, 116 females) participated in this study. Baseline data on 20mSRT, height, weight, WC, alcohol habit, smoking habit and the use of medication were collected from 2003 to 2004. Follow-up data on height, weight and WC were collected in 2008. The 20mSRT results were divided into gender-specific quartiles. A logistic regression analysis was used to predict a substantial increase in the WC (5 cm or more) during the follow-up. Results: During the follow-up, 44 people had a substantial increase in the WC. Independently from sex, age, height (baseline), weight (baseline), WC (baseline), alcohol habit, smoking habit and the use of medication, the highest quartile of 20m SRT was significantly associated with significantly lower odds ratio of a substantial increase in WC (OR: 0.07, 95%CI: 0.01-0.36) in comparison to the lowest quartile of 20mSRT. Furthermore, after additional adjustment for change in weight during follow-up, the highest quartile remained significantly predictive of a substantial increase in the WC, with odds ratio of 0.07 (95%CI: 0.01-0.39). Conclusions: These results indicate that the 20mSRT performance is a significant predictor of a substantial increase in the WC with aging in Japanese middle-aged adults.	20m shuttle run; Aging; Increase in waist circumference; Prospective study	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84921867012	Evaluation of the applicability of acid leaching for the 238U-230Th internal isochron method	Tanaka R., Yokoyama T., Kitagawa H., Tesfaye D.B., Nakamura E.	2015	Chemical Geology	396	None	10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.12.025	The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Tokyo, Japan; YMG Gold Mining Plc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Tanaka, R., The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan; Yokoyama, T., The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Tokyo, Japan; Kitagawa, H., The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan; Tesfaye, D.B., The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan, YMG Gold Mining Plc, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Nakamura, E., The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, Japan	The 238U-230Th internal isochron method has great potential for determining eruption ages of young volcanic materials if the separated groundmass phases have a sufficiently wide range of U/Th ratios. We examined the fractionation behavior of U and Th in aged (i.e., &gt;0.5Ma) basaltic samples by 6M hydrochloric acid leaching to evaluate the applicability of acid-leaching treatment for the 238U-230Th internal isochron method. Acid leaching of aged basaltic rocks in 238U-234U-230Th secular equilibrium at the bulk-rock scale results in 230Th-238U and 234U-238U radioactive disequilibria for both leachates and residues. These radioactive disequilibria can be explained by redistribution of 234Th (parent of 234U) and 230Th between acid-soluble and acid-resistant phases due to α-recoil. The number of 230Th atoms redistributed by α-recoil can be calculated by using a mass conservation equation for 234U atoms and by the relative amount of recoiled 230Th and 234Th, the latter proportional to the kinetic energy of the recoiled nuclide. When the fraction of daughter nuclide 234U remaining in either the residue or leachate, after α-recoil redistribution of 238U, is large enough (&gt;95%), the corrected (230Th/238U) values of leachate and residue show radioactive equilibria. This result demonstrates that preferential fractionation between U and Th does not occur during acid leaching for basaltic samples if there is no selective etching of the α-recoil track. This study implies that acid-leaching can be used in conjunction with the 238U-230Th internal isochron method for dating young volcanic rocks by evaluating the degree of the α-recoil redistribution of 234U. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	238U-230Th internal isochron; Acid leaching; α-Recoil	Basalt; Isotopes; Kinetic energy; Kinetics; Leaching; Radioactivity; Thorium; Volcanic rocks; Volcanoes; <sup>238</sup>U-<sup>230</sup>Th internal isochron; Acid leaching; Acid leaching treatments; Alpha-recoil track; Hydrochloric acid leaching; Mass conservation equations; Secular equilibrium; Volcanic materials; Uranium; basalt; hydrochloric acid; isotopic fractionation; isotopic ratio; leachate; uranium series dating; volcanic eruption; volcanic rock	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953492925	Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of 2 and 3D visualizations in students' understanding of structures of organic molecules	Oke O.K., Alam G.M.	2010	International Journal of Physical Sciences	5	5	None	Department of Science and Technical Education, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	Oke, O.K., Department of Science and Technical Education, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria; Alam, G.M., Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	Adopting quantitative approach using test as a key instrument, this study investigated the relative effectiveness of 2 and 3D visualizations on students' performance in the study of organic molecules, structures and nomenclature. The instrument was administered before and after treating two experimental groups with 2 and 3D supplemental learning software following a conventional teaching. The control group was made to interact with textbooks at the times the experimental groups were in the computer laboratory viewing the CD-ROMs. The study was conducted at a College in Lagos. The College had 205 chemistry students and of 205, 40% were randomly selected as the study sample. They were in turn randomly assigned to the three groups. Findings show that due to cultural and economical prejudice and long heritage of traditional teaching, assessment and learning system in place, many students are familiar with traditional system and they also feel comfortable with it. This is why the performance of the group making use of 2D visualization significantly better than the other group making use of 3D visualization. However, scores of students in both experimental groups were close which is higher than control group. Moreover, it is evident that the use of 2 and 3D visualizations enhanced performance in organic chemistry and thus one supplements other. Considering these, the simultaneous use of the two visualizations in the teaching and learning of organic molecules and structures based on closeness of the mean scores of the two experimental groups is suggested considering that 3D might prove more enhancing if students get used to it. © 2010 Academic Journals.	2; 3D visualizations; Effectiveness; Organic molecules; Structures and nomenclature	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930526201	The impact of vitamin D on the innate immune response to uropathogenic Escherichia coli during pregnancy	Ramos N.L., Sekikubo M., Kironde F., Mirembe F., Sääf M., Brauner A.	2015	Clinical Microbiology and Infection	21	5	10.1016/j.cmi.2014.12.010	Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden	Ramos, N.L., Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Sekikubo, M., Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Kironde, F., Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Mirembe, F., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Sääf, M., Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden; Brauner, A., Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden	Urinary tract infections are highly common during pregnancy, and can cause serious complications for the mother and baby. Vitamin D, predominantly obtained from the sunlight, is known to have an effect on the urothelium, with immunomodulatory capacity against Escherichia coli infection. However, its influence at this site remains to be further explored. This study therefore investigated its impact during pregnancy in a population of women who have the possibility of adequate year-round sun exposure. Serum from pregnant Ugandan women (n=32) in each trimester of pregnancy, from women after delivery (n=29) and from never-pregnant controls (n=25) was collected. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), cathelicidin LL-37, human β-defensin 2, interleukin (IL)-8 and soluble CD14 serum concentrations were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay or ELISA. The ability of serum to inhibit E.coli growth was tested. The immunomodulatory capacities of these serum samples and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D<inf>3</inf> were investigated in urothelial cells. Increases in 25-OHD and LL-37 levels were observed as pregnancy progressed, peaking in the third trimester. Serum 25-OHD levels were higher in multigravidae than in primigravidae, and correlated positively with maternal age. IL-8 levels were lower in the third trimester than in the first trimester, increased after delivery, but remained below those of never-pregnant women. Similarly, soluble CD14 concentrations increased after delivery. As gestation advanced, serum had an increased capacity to inhibit E.coli growth. Invitro, it modulated the IL-8 response to infection in a vitamin D concentration-dependent manner. Our findings demonstrate that increasing vitamin D levels as pregnancy advances modulate the innate immune system towards a protective response to infection. © 2014 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.	25-hydroxyvitamin D; Escherichia coli; Interleukin-8; LL-37; Pregnancy; Urinary tract infection	25 hydroxyvitamin D; beta defensin 2; calcitriol; cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL 37; CD14 antigen; interleukin 8; vitamin D; adult; Article; bacterial growth; bladder epithelium; blood level; chemoluminescence; clinical article; controlled study; delivery; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; first trimester pregnancy; growth inhibition; human; human cell; immunomodulation; in vitro study; innate immunity; maternal age; multigravida; nonhuman; pregnancy; primigravida; priority journal; sun exposure; third trimester pregnancy; Ugandan; uropathogenic Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84886892798	Evaluation of structurally related 3-substituted 4-amino-2-arylquinolines and 2-aryl-4-methoxyquinolines for potential antimycobacterial activity	Labuschagné A., Lall N., Mphahlele M.J.	2013	International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents	3	2	10.3823/728	Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa	Labuschagné, A., Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Lall, N., Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Mphahlele, M.J., Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria 0003, South Africa	Background: A series of structurally related 2-aryl-4-(amino/methoxy)quinoline derivatives were evaluated for potential antimycobacterial activity against Myco-bacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv. Methods: The chemical compounds were tested against a drug sensitive and drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis using rapid radiometric techniques. The selected derivatives were tested for their intracellular activity against TB- infected macrophages. Two 4-amino-2,3-diarylquinoline derivatives were investigated for their immune modulatory effect with regard to to Th1 and Th2-subset cytokines Results: A complete inhibition of a drug sensitive strain of M. tuberculosis was observed at 20.0 μg/mL for 4-amino-2-(4-chlorophenyl)quinoline 3b, 4-amino-3-iodo-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)quinoline 5d, 4-amino-2,3-diphenylquinoline 6a, 4-ami-no-2-(4-fuorophenyl)-3-phenylquinoline 6b and 4-amino-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylquinoline 6d. These derivatives were further evaluated for activity against a multidrug resistant strain of M. tuberculosis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against a two drug-resistant strain was found to be ≥5.0≤20.0 μg/mL. Systems 6a and 6b were, in turn, subjected to cytotoxicity assay using U937 human macrophages and their subsequent intracellular antimycobacterial activity was determined. Intracellular M. tuberculosis growth was inhibited with 64 and 61% by compounds 6a and 6b, at concentrations of 18.00 and 14.00 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, these two 4-amino-2,3-diarylquinoline derivatives were also investigated for their immune modulatory effect according to Th1 and Th2-subset cytokines. System 6b indicated activity that stimulated multi-effector macrophages with a mixed Th1/Th2 cytokine profile. Conclusions: The presence of a primary amino group at C-4 and phenyl ring at C-3 and the accompanying increased basicity of the quinoline ring as well as electronic effect and lipophilicity of the substituent on the para position of the 2-phenyl ring seem to be critical for the antimycobacterial activity of the 2,3-diarylquinoline derivatives. Overall, the production of cytokines from this specifc experiment gives an idea of the amount of individual cytokines produced daily instead of a cumulative response to the test samples during infection. Compound 6a holds potential to modulate the functionality of M. tuberculosis infected macrophages. © Under License of Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.	2-aryl-4-methoxyquinolines; 4-amino-2-arylquinolines; Antimycobacterial activity; Immunomod-ulation; Mycobacterium tuberculosis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883776379	Field evaluation of 3D geo-electrical resistivity imaging for environmental and engineering studies using parallel 2D profiles	Aizebeokhai A.P., Singh V.S.	2013	Current Science	105	4	None	Department of Physics, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, India	Aizebeokhai, A.P., Department of Physics, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria; Singh, V.S., CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, India	Eight parallel two-dimensional (2D) geo-electrical resistivity profiles were generated in hard-rock (Pulivendla) area of Andhra Pradesh, India using a Lund imaging multi-electrode system adopting Wen-ner array. The aim of the survey was to experiment-tally evaluate the effectiveness of using parallel 2D profiles for three-dimensional (3D) geo-electrical resistivity imaging for better understanding of aquifer geometry and its characteristics. The observed 2D apparent resistivity data were independently inverted, and then collated to 3D data set. The inversion of the resulting 3D data set was carried out using a full 3D inversion code. The 3D inverse model of resistivity images obtained are presented as horizontal depth slices. The 2D images extracted from 3D inverse models showed no distortions that are observed in 2D models obtained by 2D inversion. The 3D inverse model resis-tivity appears to be more realistic, considering the hydrogeology of the area. The unusually high resistiv-ity values observed in the 2D inverse models were not observed in the 3D inverse models. The very low near-surface inverse model resistivity observed is thought to be structurally influenced. The results, which are consistent with numerical evaluation, show that high resolution 3D geoelectrical resistivity imaging can be successfully conducted using parallel 2D profiles if appropriate survey parameters are carefully chosen.	2D and 3D imaging; 3D inversion; Field evaluation; Parallel 2D profiles; Resistivity survey	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051712935	Evaluation of the in vitro differential protein adsorption patterns of didanosine-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for potential targeting to the brain	Kasongo K.W., Jansch M., Müller R.H., Walker R.B.	2011	Journal of Liposome Research	21	3	10.3109/08982104.2010.539186	Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, NutriCosmetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	Kasongo, K.W., Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, NutriCosmetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Jansch, M., Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, NutriCosmetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Müller, R.H., Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, NutriCosmetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Walker, R.B., Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	The preferential in vitro adsorption of apolipoprotein E (Apo E) onto the surface of colloidal drug carriers may be used as a strategy to evaluate the in vivo potential for such systems to transport drugs to the brain. The aim of this research was to investigate the in vitro protein adsorption patterns of didanosine-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (DDI-NLCs), using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE), in order to establish the potential for NLCs to deliver DDI to the brain. NLC formulations were manufactured using high-pressure homogenization using a lipid matrix consisting of a mixture of Precirol ® ATO 5 and Transcutol ® HP. The 2-D PAGE analysis revealed that NLCs in formulations stabilized using Solutol ® HS 15 alone or with a ternary surfactant system consisting of Solutol ® HS 15, Tween ® 80, and Lutrol ® F68, preferentially adsorbed proteins, such as Apo E. Particles stabilized with Tween ® 80 and Lutrol ® F68 did not adsorb Apo E in these studies, which could be related to the relatively large particle size and hence small surface area observed for these NLCs. These findings have revealed that DDI-loaded NLCs may have the potential to deliver DDI to the brain in vivo and, in addition, to Tween ® 80, which has already been shown to have the ability to facilitate the targeting of colloidal drug delivery systems to the brain. Solutol ® HS 15stabilized nanoparticles may also achieve a similar purpose. © 2011 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.	2-D PAGE; Brain dementia complex; Brain targeting; Didanosine; NLC; Plasma protein adsorption; Solutol ® HS 15	apolipoprotein E; didanosine; diethylene glycol monoethyl ether; drug carrier; glycerol palmitostearate; nanomaterial; nanostructured lipid carrier; poloxamer; polysorbate 80; solutol hs 15; unclassified drug; adsorption; article; drug formulation; encapsulation; particle size; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; priority journal; protein adsorption pattern; zeta potential; Adsorption; Anti-HIV Agents; Brain; Didanosine; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Humans; Lipids; Nanostructures; Particle Size; Proteins; Surface Properties; Surface-Active Agents	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84868459367	Electrical resistivity survey for groundwater investigations and shallow subsurface evaluation of the basaltic-greenstone formation of the urban Bulawayo aquifer	Muchingami I., Hlatywayo D.J., Nel J.M., Chuma C.	2012	Physics and Chemistry of the Earth	None	None	10.1016/j.pce.2012.08.014	Applied Physics Department, National University of Science and Technology, Box AC939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Department of Earth Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Box X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa	Muchingami, I., Applied Physics Department, National University of Science and Technology, Box AC939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, Department of Earth Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Box X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Hlatywayo, D.J., Applied Physics Department, National University of Science and Technology, Box AC939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Nel, J.M., Department of Earth Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Box X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; Chuma, C., Applied Physics Department, National University of Science and Technology, Box AC939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe	Electrical resistivity surveying methods have been widely used to determine the thickness and resistivity of layered media for the purpose of assessing groundwater potential and siting boreholes in fractured unconfined aquifers. Traditionally, this has been done using one-dimensional (1D) vertical electrical sounding (VES) surveys. However, 1D VES surveys only model layered structures of the subsurface and do not provide comprehensive information for interpreting the structure and extent of subsurface hydro-geological features. As such the incorporation of two-dimensional (2D) geophysical techniques for groundwater prospecting has often been used to provide a more detailed interpretation of the subsurface hydro-geological features from which potential sites for successful borehole location are identified. In this study, 2D electrical resistivity tomography was combined with 1D VES to produce a subsurface resistivity model for assessing the availability of groundwater in the basaltic-greenstone formation of the Matsheumhlope well field in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Low resistivity readings (<50. Ωm) towards the central region of the study area suggest a high groundwater potential, while high resistivities (>500. Ωm) around the western margin of the study area suggests a low groundwater potential. 2D electrical resistivity surveys provide a more detailed subsurface structure and may assist in identifying the configuration of possible fractures which could conduct groundwater into the shallow subsurface of study area. It is concluded that 2D electrical resistivity methods is an effective tool for assessing the availability of groundwater in the highly weathered and fractured basaltic greenstone rocks. The methods provided a more precise hydro-geophysical model for the study area compared to the traditional VES. Results from this study are useful for technical groundwater management as they clearly identified suitable borehole locations for long term groundwater prospecting. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	2D (two-dimensional); Electrical resistivity; Groundwater; Resistivity models; Unconfined aquifer	Comprehensive information; Effective tool; Electrical resistivity; Electrical resistivity tomography; Geophysical techniques; Groundwater management; High resistivity; Layered media; Layered Structures; Low resistivity; Potential sites; Resistivity models; Shallow subsurface; Study areas; Subsurface structures; Unconfined aquifers; Vertical electrical sounding; Zimbabwe; Aquifers; Basalt; Boreholes; Electric conductivity; Electric prospecting; Geophysics; Groundwater; Hydrogeology; Structural geology; Surveys; Two dimensional; Water management; Groundwater resources; basalt; borehole; electrical resistivity; greenstone; groundwater; tomography; two-dimensional modeling; unconfined aquifer; urban area; vertical electrical sounding; water management; Bulawayo [Bulawayo (PRV)]; Bulawayo [Zimbabwe]; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861311153	Comparative performance of HbA1c 6.5% for FPG &gt;7.0 vs 2hr PG&gt;11.1 criteria for diagnosis of type 2 diabetes	Adamu A.N.	2011	African Health Sciences	11	3	None	Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria	Adamu, A.N., Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Nigeria	Background: International expert committee on the use of HbA1c to diagnose diabetes mellitus in 2009 and World Health Organization (WHO) in 2011 has advocated the use of HbA1c to diagnose diabetes mellitus. Objective: To determine and compare the relationship between the new cut off value of HbA1c with established criteria. Methods: Thirty-one hypertensive subjects attending Lagos University Teaching Hospital were recruited for HbA1c and standard oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and two-hour plasma glucose (2hrpp) value of e"126mg/dl and >200mg/dl were used as standard respectively for diagnosis of diabetes. The HbA1c of e"6.5% was used to diagnose diabetes. The performance and correlation of HbA1c with FPG and 2hrpp were calculated and results were compared. Results: Mean age of the subjects was 53.97±6.27years. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), efficiency and correlation of FPG is 50%, 68%, 27%, 85%, 64% and 0.5 respectively while the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, efficiency and correlation of 2hrpp is 73.91%, 62.5%,85%, 41.66%, 70.97% and 0.73% respectively. There was a significant difference between FPG and 2hrpp interms of sensitivity, PPV and NPV. Conclusion: The results of HbA1c with 2hrpp has better correlation, sensitivity, and PPV compared to HbA1c with FPG.	2-hour post-prandial glucose; Diabetes diagnosis; Fasting plasma glucoe; HbA1c	glucose; hemoglobin A1c; glycosylated hemoglobin; hemoglobin A1c protein, human; adult; article; clinical article; comparative study; controlled study; diagnostic test accuracy study; diet restriction; female; glucose blood level; human; hypertension; male; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; oral glucose tolerance test; predictive value; sensitivity and specificity; standard; university hospital; blood; cross-sectional study; glucose blood level; glucose tolerance test; middle aged; reference value; Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Reference Values; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-18844452979	Radiosynthesis and evaluation of two novel 123I-labeled 2-methyl-4-nitroimidazole derivatives as potential infection imaging agents	Rossouw D.D., Lötter M.G., Du Raan H., Jansen S.E., Höhn A., Burger B.V.	2005	Nuclear Medicine and Biology	32	4	10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2005.02.001	iThemba Lab. for Accel.-Based Sci., PO Box 722, Somerset-West 7129, South Africa; Department of Medical Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa	Rossouw, D.D., iThemba Lab. for Accel.-Based Sci., PO Box 722, Somerset-West 7129, South Africa; Lötter, M.G., Department of Medical Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Du Raan, H., Department of Medical Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Jansen, S.E., Department of Medical Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Höhn, A., iThemba Lab. for Accel.-Based Sci., PO Box 722, Somerset-West 7129, South Africa; Burger, B.V., Department of Chemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa	Introduction: The inflammation- and infection-seeking properties of 131I-labeled ornidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole derivative, have recently been reported. Whole-body images in rabbits showed a more rapid uptake in inflamed areas compared to 67Ga. In the present study, two novel 123I-labeled 2-methyl-4-nitroimidazole derivatives were synthesized and their infection-seeking properties compared with those of 67Ga and 123I-labeled ornidazole. Methods: Radiolabeling was carried out by means of iodide-for-tosylate, triflate or halogen exchange. Various methods were utilized in order to synthesize the labeling precursors for the 123I-labeled novel compounds. Serum stability studies on all of the 123I-labeled tracers were followed by gamma camera imaging studies on rabbits artificially infected with Escherichia coli bacteria. Results and Conclusions: The 123I-labeled tracers were obtained in moderate to good radiochemical yields (34-80%) and acceptable radiochemical purities (93-99%). In contrast to 123I-labeled ornidazole, 1-[(1-hydroxy-3-[123I]iodoprop-2-yloxy)methyl]-2-methyl-4- nitroimidazole (2) and 1-[(1-[123I]iodoprop-2-yloxy)methyl]-2-methyl- 4-nitroimidazole (3) showed high serum stability. Compared to noninfected controls, all of the 123I-labeled tracers showed increased uptake at the area of induced infection after 6 and 24 h, but the uptake was significantly lower than in the case of 67Ga over the same period. Tracer 3 showed a slightly superior uptake after 6 h than the other 123I-labeled tracers over the same period. The advantage of the initially slightly faster rate at which nitroimidazole tracers appear to accumulate in the infection area in comparison to 67Ga might not outweigh the advantage of the eventual higher target to nontarget ratio displayed by 67Ga. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	2-Methyl-4-nitroimidazoles; 123I; Imaging; Infection; Radiosynthesis	1 [(1 hydroxy 3 iodoprop 2 yloxy)methyl] 2 methyl 4 nitroimidazole i 123; 1 [(1 iodoprop 2 yloxy)methyl] 2 methyl 4 nitroimidazole i 123; gallium 67; halogen; iodide; nitroimidazole derivative; ornidazole i 123; tracer; trifluoromethanesulfonic acid; unclassified drug; animal experiment; article; bacterial infection; controlled study; drug accumulation; drug screening; drug stability; drug synthesis; drug uptake; Escherichia coli; female; isotope labeling; male; nonhuman; rabbit; radioiodination; rat; scintillation camera; Animals; Citrates; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Escherichia coli Infections; Feasibility Studies; Female; Gallium; Iodine Radioisotopes; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Nitroimidazoles; Ornidazole; Rabbits; Radiopharmaceuticals; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955583128	Expeditious synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2,N 6-disubstituted 1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-4,6-diamines as potential antimalarials	Gravestock D., Rousseau A.L., Lourens A.C.U., Moleele S.S., Van Zyl R.L., Steenkamp P.A.	2011	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	46	6	10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.02.054	Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa; Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Gravestock, D., Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa; Rousseau, A.L., Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa, Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Lourens, A.C.U., Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Moleele, S.S., Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa; Van Zyl, R.L., Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa; Steenkamp, P.A., Discovery Chemistry, CSIR Biosciences, Private Bag X2, Modderfontein 1645, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa	A small set of novel 2,N6-disubstituted 1,2-dihydro-1,3,5- triazine-4,6-diamines was prepared possessing a flexible tether between the exocyclic nitrogen bonded to C-6 of the 1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-4,6-diamine heterocycle and the distal aryl ring. Three zones were varied in this series of compounds, namely the nature of the substituent(s) on C-2; the nature of the substituent(s) on the distal aryl ring; as well as the nature and length of the flexible tether between the rings. The compound showing the best antimalarial activity (cycloguanil-resistant FCR-3 Plasmodium falciparum IC50 = 0.99 μM) was N6-(3-(4-chlorophenoxy)propyl)-2-(furan-2-yl)-1,2- dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-4,6-diamine hydrochloride. © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS.	2,N6-Disubstituted 1,2-dihydro-1,3,5- triazine-4,6-diamine; Antimalarial; Biguanide; Cycloguanil; FCR-3 Plasmodium falciparum strain	2 phenyl n 6 (3 (2,4,6 trichlorophenoxy)propyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; 4,6 diamino 1,2 dihydro 2,2 dimethyl 1 [3 (2,4,5 trichlorophenoxy)propoxy] 1,3,5 triazine; antimalarial agent; cycloguanil; diamine derivative; n 4 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 1,3,5 triazaspiro[5.5]undeca 1,3 diene 2,4 diamine; n 4 benzyl 1,3,5 triazaspiro[5.5]undeca 1,3 diene 2,4 diamine; n 6 (3 (2 fluorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (2,4 dichlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (3,4 dichlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (2 chlorophenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (4 (dimethylaminol)phenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (4 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (4 fluorophenyl)1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (4 methoxyphenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (4 nitrophenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 (furan 2 yl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 cyclohexyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2,2 dimethyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenylthio)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 chlorophenylthio)propyl) 2,2 dimethyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 methoxyphenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3 (4 nitrrophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3,4 dichlorophenethyl) 2 (4 fluorophenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (3,4 dichlorophenethyl) 2 (4 nitrophenyl) 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (4 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (4 chlorophenethyl) 2,2 dimethyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 (5 (4 chlorophenoxy)propyl) 2 phenyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; n 6 benzyl 2,2 dimethyl 1,2 dihydro 1,3,5 triazine 4,6 diamine; unclassified drug; antimalarial activity; article; binding site; drug synthesis; erythrocyte; hemolysis; IC 50; nonhuman; Plasmodium falciparum; substitution reaction; Antimalarials; Molecular Structure; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Plasmodium falciparum; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship; Triazines	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-52649159267	Evaluation of the effect of azo group on the biological activity of 1-(4-Methylphenylazo)-2-naphthol	Mkpenie V., Ebong G., Obot I.B., Abasiekong B.	2008	E-Journal of Chemistry	5	3	None	Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P. M. B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Science and Technology, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, P.M.B. 200, Ikot Ekpene, Nigeria	Mkpenie, V., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P. M. B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Ebong, G., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P. M. B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Obot, I.B., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P. M. B. 1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Abasiekong, B., Department of Science and Technology, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, P.M.B. 200, Ikot Ekpene, Nigeria	Azo-2-naphthol and 2-naphthol were tested against five microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus faecalis. 2-Naphthol was slightly active while azo-2-naphthol was highly active against all the bacteria species tested. The presence of azo group contributed more than 60% of the antibacterial activities exhibited by azo-2-naphthol on all the bacteria tested.	2-Naphthol; Antibacterial activity; Azo compound; p-Toluidine	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928944900	Synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of novel 3-{[1-pyridin-2-yl methylene]amino}-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one analogues	Karthikeyan R., Idhayadhulla A., Manilal A., Merdekios B., Kumar R.S., Nasser A.J.A.	2015	Der Pharmacia Lettre	7	4	None	P.G and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Chemistry, Sri Vinayaga College of Arts and Science, Thiruvalluvar University, Ulundurpet, Villupuram (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; Department of Chemistry, Shivani Engineering College, Trichy (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India	Karthikeyan, R., P.G and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India; Idhayadhulla, A., Department of Chemistry, Sri Vinayaga College of Arts and Science, Thiruvalluvar University, Ulundurpet, Villupuram (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India; Manilal, A., Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; Merdekios, B., Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; Kumar, R.S., Department of Chemistry, Shivani Engineering College, Trichy (Dt), Tamil Nadu, India; Nasser, A.J.A., P.G and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India	New series of 2-thioxo imidazolidin-4-one derivatives were synthesized. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity and compared with Ciprofloxacin and Clotrimazole standards. 2- Thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones (3a-f) and (4a-f) were synthesized employing Mannich base method by interacting 2- thioxoimidazolidin-4-one (2) with benzaldehyde and thiosemicarbazide or semicarbazide . The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral studies. The synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains and antifungal activity against various fungal strains. Compound (3b) was highly active against S.aureus compared with standard Ciprofloxacin in antibacterial screening, and compound (4d) was highly active against A.niger compared with Clotrimazole in antifungal screening.	2-Thioximidazolidin-4-one; Antibacterial activity; Antifungal activity; Mannich base	2 (4 chlorophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 (4 chlorophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarboxamide; 2 (4 dimethylaminophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 (4 dimethylaminophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarboxamide; 2 (4 hydroxyphenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 (4 hydroxyphenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarboxamide; 2 (4 methoxyphenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 (4 methoxyphenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarboxamide; 2 (4 nitrophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 (4 nitrophenyl)[[[4 oxo 3 (pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioximidazolidin 1 yl]methyl]hydrazinecarboxamide; 2 2 [[4 oxo 3 [(pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioxoimidazolidin 1 yl]][(phenyl)methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 2 [[4 oxo 3 [(pyridin 2 ylmethylene)amino] 2 thioxoimidazolidin 1 yl]][(phenyl)methyl]hydrazinecarbothioamide; 3 [(1 pyridin 2 yl methylene)amino]thioxoimidazolidin 4 one derivative; 3 [[1 pyridin 2 ylmethylene]amino] 2 thioxoimidazolidin 4 one; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; benzaldehyde; ciprofloxacin; clotrimazole; semicarbazide; thiosemicarbazide; unclassified drug; antibacterial activity; antifungal activity; antimicrobial activity; Article; carbon nuclear magnetic resonance; controlled study; drug screening; drug structure; drug synthesis; infrared spectroscopy; nonhuman; proton nuclear magnetic resonance	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856867483	Effects of genetic group x ambient temperature interactions on performance and physiological responses of Naked-neck chickens and their F 1 crosses with Lohmann White and New Hampshire laying hens	Melesse A., Maak S., Von Lengerken G.	2011	Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences	20	4	None	Hawassa University, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Research Unit Muscle Biology and Growth, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 11, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany	Melesse, A., Hawassa University, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Maak, S., Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Research Unit Muscle Biology and Growth, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Von Lengerken, G., Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 11, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany	The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of genotype x temperature interactions on hormonal heat stress indicators and performance traits. Two-hundred forty female one-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to a completely randomized design in a 5×2 factorial arrangement with 5 genotypes (Naked-neck, Na, from Ethiopia; New Hampshire, NH; Lohmann White, LW and F 1 crosses of Na with NH and LW) and 2 ambient temperatures (thermo-neutral, 18-20°C; heat stress, 30-32 °C). Blood samples were taken from 12 randomly selected birds per genotype and ambient temperature at 22, 38, 51 and 65 weeks of age. Levels of corticosterone (CS) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T 3) were determined in blood plasma. Heat stress effects on egg production traits were most severe in LW and NH, least severe in Na and Na × LW, intermediate in Na × NH. Plasma T 3 level was significantly reduced by 27.9% in heat stressed genotypes. Plasma CS increased by 12.6% in heat exposed genotypes. However, inconsistent responses of CS and T 3 levels were observed at different ages. The Na and their F 1 crosses demonstrated relatively better thermotolerance than LW and NH hens. Levels of plasma T 3 hormone might be considered as indicator of long-term heat stress in hens.	3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine; Corticosterone; F 1 crosses; Genotype x temperature interaction; Heat stress; Naked-neck chicken	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53849091665	Effects of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzeneboronic acid as an additive on electrochemical performance of propylene carbonate-based electrolytes for lithium ion batteries	Wang B., Qu Q.T., Xia Q., Wu Y.P., Li X., Gan C.L., van Ree T.	2008	Electrochimica Acta	54	2	10.1016/j.electacta.2008.06.070	Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan road, Shanghai 200433, China; Guotai Huarong Chemical New Materials Co. Ltd., Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa	Wang, B., Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan road, Shanghai 200433, China; Qu, Q.T., Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan road, Shanghai 200433, China; Xia, Q., Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan road, Shanghai 200433, China; Wu, Y.P., Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan road, Shanghai 200433, China; Li, X., Guotai Huarong Chemical New Materials Co. Ltd., Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu Province, China; Gan, C.L., Guotai Huarong Chemical New Materials Co. Ltd., Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu Province, China; van Ree, T., Department of Chemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa	The effects of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzeneboronic acid (BA) as a new film-forming additive have been theoretically and experimentally studied for a graphite (CMS) electrode in propylene carbonate-based (PC) electrolyte for lithium ion batteries. Calculation based on the density functional theory (DFT) method suggests that the energy of the LUMO (the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) of BA is lower than that of PC, consistent with the results of cyclic voltammograms that BA is reduced before PC. SEM, FT-IR and XPS measurements show that the reduced products of BA contribute in part to the effective SEI film on the graphite electrode surface. Discharge-charge measurements indicate that the addition of BA can effectively prevent the decomposition and the co-intercalation of PC, and lithium ions can reversibly intercalate into and deintercalate from the graphite electrode. These results show that addition of BA improves the electrochemical performance of graphite in PC-based electrolyte. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzeneboronic acid; Cycleability; Film-forming; Lithium ion batteries; Solid electrolyte interface (SEI)	Acids; Carbon; Density functional theory; Electric discharges; Electrolysis; Electrolytes; Graphite; Graphite electrodes; Ions; Lithium; Lithium alloys; Lithium compounds; Molecular orbitals; Probability density function; Propylene; 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzeneboronic acid; Cycleability; Film-forming; Lithium ion batteries; Solid electrolyte interface (SEI); Electrochemical electrodes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887429406	Evaluation of Baylis-Hillman Routes to 3-(Aminomethyl)coumarin Derivatives	Olasupo I., Rose N.R., Klein R., Adams L.A., Familoni O.B., Kaye P.T.	2014	Synthetic Communications	44	2	10.1080/00397911.2013.803575	Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemico, Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	Olasupo, I., Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Rose, N.R., Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemico, Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Klein, R., Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemico, Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Adams, L.A., Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Familoni, O.B., Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Kaye, P.T., Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemico, Biomedicinal Research, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa	The relative merits of two different Baylis-Hillman approaches toward the preparation of coumarin derivatives, containing peptide-like side chains, have been explored. In one approach, use of methyl acrylate as the activated alkene requires a protecting group strategy, an approach that is not necessary when using tert-butyl acrylate. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details.] © 2014 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	3-(Aminomethyl)coumarins; aza-Michael; Baylis-Hillman	3 (aminomethyl)coumarin derivative; acrylic acid butyl ester; acrylic acid methyl ester; coumarin derivative; unclassified drug; article; Baylis Hillman reaction; drug structure; nucleophilicity	62273, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-33746298345	The design of an ERT system for 3D data acquisition and a quantitative evaluation of its performance	Wilkinson A.J., Randall E.W., Long T.M., Collins A.	2006	Measurement Science and Technology	17	8	10.1088/0957-0233/17/8/006	Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Wilkinson, A.J., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Randall, E.W., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Long, T.M., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Collins, A., Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa	This paper describes a multi-plane implementation of a current-pulse electrical resistance tomography (ERT) data capture system. This is achieved by extending a single plane system, with 16 electrodes and 16 parallel measurement channels, to a one capable of acquiring data in a specified sequence across multiple planes (up to eight) by inserting multiplexer modules in parallel between the instrument and the electrode array. This approach allows high-speed capture systems to be configured for applications such as dual plane cross-correlation velocity measurements or more complex current injection and measurement sequences yielding 3D data sets. The measurement timing and multiplexer measurement sequences are implemented by an embedded processor. Both the executable code and the measurement sequence tables are downloaded to the instrument at start-up. This allows flexibility in specifying the data acquisition sequences and timing required for specific applications without modification of the hardware or embedded code. The effect of measurement noise on the estimated conductivity is quantified and spatial resolution discussed for the case of a 2D online imaging algorithm. Example reconstructions from recorded data sets are presented which verify the operation of the instrument. © 2006 IOP Publishing Ltd.	3D; Current pulse; Electrical resistance tomography; ERT; Multiplexing; Noise; Resolution	Acoustic noise; Data acquisition; Electrodes; Multiplexing; Optical resolving power; Tomography; Current pulse; Electrical resistance tomography (ERT); High-speed capture systems; Multiplexer modules; Electric resistance; Acoustic noise; Data acquisition; Electric resistance; Electrodes; Multiplexing; Optical resolving power; Tomography	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883177457	Supported 3-D Pt nanostructures: The straightforward synthesis and enhanced electrochemical performance for methanol oxidation in an acidic medium	Li Z., Ji S., Pollet B.G., Shen P.K.	2013	Journal of Nanoparticle Research	15	10	10.1007/s11051-013-1959-9	State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry (SAIAMC), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa	Li, Z., State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Ji, S., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry (SAIAMC), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Pollet, B.G., South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry (SAIAMC), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa; Shen, P.K., State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China	Noble metal nanostructures with branched morphologies [i.e., 3-D Pt nanoflowers (NFs)] by tri-dimensionally integrating onto conductive carbon materials are proved to be an efficient and durable electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation. The well-supported 3-D Pt NFs are readily achieved by an efficient cobalt-induced/carbon-mediated galvanic reaction approach. Due to the favorable nanostructures (3-D Pt configuration allowing a facile mass transfer) and supporting effects (including framework stabilization, spatially separate feature, and improved charge transport effects), these 3-D Pt NFs manifest much higher electrocatalytic activity and stability toward methanol oxidation than that of the commercial Pt/C and Pt-based electrocatalysts. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	3-D Pt nanoflowers; Branched morphologies; Fuel cells; Methanol oxidation; Supported electrocatalyst	Conductive carbon; Electrocatalytic activity and stability; Electrochemical performance; Metal nanostructure; Methanol Oxidation; Pt-based electrocatalyst; Supported electrocatalysts; Supporting effect; Conductive materials; Electrocatalysts; Fuel cells; Methanol; Morphology; Oxidation; Platinum; Platinum alloys; Stabilization; Synthesis (chemical); Nanoflowers; carbon; cobalt; methanol; nanomaterial; platinum; article; electrochemical analysis; electrochemistry; molecular stability; morphology; nanocatalyst; oxidation; priority journal; synthesis; transmission electron microscopy; X ray powder diffraction	U1034003, NSFC, National Natural Science Foundation of China; 21073241, NSFC, National Natural Science Foundation of China
Scopus	2-s2.0-84893487553	Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 3-Farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid from Piper multiplinervium	Malami I., Gibbons S., Malkinson J.P.	2014	Fitoterapia	93	None	10.1016/j.fitote.2014.01.005	Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, P.M.B 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom	Malami, I., Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, P.M.B 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria; Gibbons, S., Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom; Malkinson, J.P., Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom	3-Farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid is an antibacterial agent isolated from the leaves of Piper multiplinervium. This compound has activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Helicobacter pylori. This research aimed to synthesize a natural antibacterial compound and its analogs. The synthesis of 3-Farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid consists of three steps: straightforward synthesis involving protection of phenolic hydroxyl group, coupling of suitable isoprenyl chain to the protected aromatic ring at ortho position followed by carboxylation with concomitant deprotection to give the derivatives of the salicylic acid. All the three prenylated compounds synthesized were found to exhibit spectrum of activity against S. aureus (ATCC) having MIC: 5.84 × 10- 3, 41.46 × 10- 2 and 6.19 × 10 - 1 μmol/ml respectively. The compounds also displayed activity against resistance strain of S. aureus (SA1119B) having MIC: 5.84 × 10- 3, 7.29 × 10- 3 and 3.09 × 10 - 1 μmol/ml respectively. This synthesis has been achieved and accomplished with the confirmation of it structure to that of the original natural product, thus producing the first synthesis of the natural product and providing the first synthesis of its analogs with 3-Farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid having biological activity higher than that of the original natural product. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	3-Farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid; Antibacterial; Piper multiplinervium; Prenylated salicylic acid; Staphylococcus aureus	1, 3 dibromo 2 methoxymethoxybenzene; 2 bromo 6 dimethlyallyl 1 methoxymethoxybenzene; 2 bromo 6 farnesyl 1 methoxymethoxybenzene; 2 bromo 6 geranyl 1 methoxymethoxybenzene; 3 dimethylallyl 2 hydroxybenzoic acid; 3 farnesyl 2 hydroxybenzoic acid; 3 geranyl 2 hydroxybenzoic acid; antiinfective agent; aromatic compound; natural product; norfloxacin; phenol; salicylic acid; unclassified drug; 3-farnesyl-2-hydroxybenzoic acid; antiinfective agent; farnesol; hydroxybenzoic acid derivative; antibacterial activity; article; biological activity; carboxylation; controlled study; deprotection reaction; drug isolation; drug screening; drug synthesis; Escherichia coli; Gram negative bacterium; Gram positive bacterium; Helicobacter pylori; isoprenylation; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; Piper (plant); Piper multiplinervium; plant leaf; prenylation; priority journal; Staphylococcus aureus; structure activity relation; analogs and derivatives; chemistry; medicinal plant; microbial sensitivity test; Piper (plant); synthesis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Farnesol; Hydroxybenzoates; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Piper; Plants, Medicinal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-71749096148	Evaluation of copper speciation in model solutions of humic acid by mini-columns packed with Chelex-100 and new chelating agents: Application to speciation of selected heavy metals in environmental water samples	Kiptoo J.K., Ngila J.C., Silavwe N.D.	2009	Journal of Hazardous Materials	172	42403	10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.119	Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Priv. Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, University of Swaziland, P/Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Swaziland	Kiptoo, J.K., Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya; Ngila, J.C., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Priv. Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Silavwe, N.D., Department of Chemistry, University of Swaziland, P/Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Swaziland	A solid-phase extraction procedure using mini-columns packed with Chelex-100 and two new chelating agents based on poly(vinyl chloride) functionalized with 3-ferrocenyl-3-hydroxydithioacrylic acid and N,N′-[1,1′-dithiobis(ethylene)]-bis(salicylideneimine) (H2sales) loaded on microcrystalline naphthalene, is reported. The columns were used to separate labile copper fractions in model solutions and in real samples with subsequent determination using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Various model solutions containing 20 μg L-1 of Cu2+ and 0.0, 0.2, 2.0 and 20.0 mg L-1 of humic acid, respectively, and buffered to pH 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 were considered. Results showed a decrease in labile copper fraction with increase in humic acid concentration. Application of the procedure to speciation of Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb in various environmental water samples yielded labile fractions in the range of 1.67-55.75% against a total dissolved fraction of 44.08-69.77%. Comparison of the three chelating agents showed that H2sales had a weaker metal chelating strength than Chelex-100, but PVC-FSSH had comparable chelating strength to Chelex-100. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	3-Ferrocenyl-3-hydroxydithioacrylic acid; Chelating agent; Chelex-100; Labile metal fraction; N,N′-[1,1′-dithiobis(ethylene)]-bis(salicylideneimine)	3-Ferrocenyl-3-hydroxydithioacrylic acid; Chelating agent; Chelex-100; Ferrocenyl; Labile metals; Absorption spectroscopy; Atomic absorption spectrometry; Biological materials; Chelation; Chlorine compounds; Copper; Dissolution; Enzyme immobilization; Ethylene; Heavy water; Lead; Metal recovery; Metals; Naphthalene; Organic acids; Polyvinyl chlorides; Zinc; Extraction; 3 ferrocenyl 3 hydroxydithioacrylic acid; chelating agent; copper; humic acid; lead; n,n' [1,1' dithiobis(ethylene)]bis(salicylideneimine); naphthalene; nickel; polyvinylchloride; river water; unclassified drug; zinc; aqueous solution; chelation; copper; extraction method; humic acid; speciation (chemistry); article; atomic absorption spectrometry; chelation; complex formation; concentration (parameters); controlled study; dissolution; heavy metal removal; metal binding; metal extraction; pH; solid phase extraction; waste water; water treatment; Chelating Agents; Copper; Environmental Remediation; Humic Substances; Ion Exchange; Metals, Heavy; Polyvinyl Chloride; Resins, Synthetic; Solid Phase Extraction; Water Pollutants, Chemical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84929400224	Computational evaluation of the effect of structural parameters of 3-flouro thiophene and 3-thiophene malonic acid on corrosion inhibition efficiency of mild steel in acidic media	Usman B., Maarof H., Abdallah H.H., Aziz M.	2015	International Journal of Electrochemical Science	10	4	None	Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta'azim, Malaysia; Advanced Membrane Technology Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta'azim, Malaysia; Department of P	Usman, B., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta'azim, Malaysia, Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bayero University, Kano. P. M. B, Kano, Nigeria; Maarof, H., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta'azim, Malaysia; Abdallah, H.H., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta'azim, Malaysia, Department of Chemistry, Education College, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq; Aziz, M., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta'azim, Malaysia, Advanced Membrane Technology Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta'azim, Malaysia	The effect of the substituent's, halide and carboxylic group on thiophene compounds, namely 3-flourothiophene (3FT) and 3-thiophene malonic acid (3TMA) on the corrosion inhibition efficiency of mild steel in acidic media has been predicted using quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) model and quantum chemical calculation. The results from QSAR model show that 3TMA exhibit higher corrosion inhibition efficiency of 85.3 and 91.7%, which may be due to the increase in length of the malonic acid then 3FT which tends to exhibit higher electron withdrawing ability as a result of the fluorine substitution and hence lower corrosion inhibition efficiency of 40.6 and 42.1% respectively. Similarly the molecular structure of the compounds was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculation with 6-311G++(d,p) basis set. Quantum chemical parameters were calculated, the results show that QSAR model can be used to predict the corrosion inhibition performance of a compound prior to experimental. © 2015 The Authors.	3-Flourothiophene; 3-Thiophene malonic acid; Corrosion inhibition; DFT; QSAR	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896518757	Standardized versus customized high-intensity training: Effects on cycling performance	Capostagno B., Lambert M.I., Lamberts R.P.	2014	International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance	9	2	10.1123/IJSPP.2012-0389	UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sport Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands, South Africa	Capostagno, B., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sport Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands, South Africa; Lambert, M.I., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sport Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands, South Africa; Lamberts, R.P., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sport Science Institute of South Africa, Newlands, South Africa	Purpose:To determine whether a submaximal cycling test could be used to monitor and prescribe high-intensity interval training (HIT)., Methods: Two groups of male cyclists completed 4 HIT sessions over a 2-wk period. The structured-training group (SG; n = 8, VO2max = 58.4 ± 4.2 mL · min-1 · kg-1) followed a predetermined training program while the flexible-training group (FG; n = 7, VO2max = 53.9 ± 5.0 mL · min-1 · kg-1) had the timing of their HIT sessions prescribed based on the data of the Lamberts and Lambert Submaximal Cycle Test (LSCT)., Results: Effect-size calculations showed large differences in the improvements in 40-km time-trial performance after the HIT training between SG (8 ± 45 s) and FG (48 ± 42 s). Heart-rate recovery, monitored during the study, tended to increase in FG and remain unchanged in SG., Conclusions: The results of the current study suggest that the LSCT may be a useful tool for coaches to monitor and prescribe HIT. © 2014 Human Kinetics, Inc.	40-km time trial; Heart-rate recovery; LSCT; Monitoring; Trained cyclists	adult; analysis of variance; article; bicycle; comparative study; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; convalescence; endurance; exercise; exercise test; heart rate; human; male; metabolism; methodology; muscle contraction; oxygen consumption; physiology; randomized controlled trial; skeletal muscle; South Africa; standard; task performance; time; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Bicycling; Exercise Test; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Conditioning, Human; Physical Endurance; Recovery of Function; South Africa; Task Performance and Analysis; Time Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903829330	Predicting cycling performance in trained to elite male and female cyclists	Lamberts R.P.	2014	International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance	9	4	10.1123/IJSPP.2013-0040a	UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	Lamberts, R.P., UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa	In high-performance cycling, it is important to maintain a healthy balance between training load and recovery. Recently a new submaximal cycle test, known as the Lamberts and Lambert Submaximal Cycle Test (LSCT), has been shown to be able to accurately predict cycling performance in 15 well-trained cyclists. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of the LSCT in 102 trained to elite cyclists (82 men and 20 women). All cyclists performed an LSCT test followed by a peak-power-output (PPO) test, which included respiratory-gas analysis for the determination of maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max). They then performed the LSCT test followed by a 40-km time trial (TT) 72 h later. Average power output during the 3 stages of the LSCT increased from 31%, 60%, and 79% of PPO, while the ratings of perceived exertion increased from 8 to 13 to 16. Very good relationships were found between actual and LSCT-predicted PPO (r =.98, 95%CI: .97-.98, P &lt;.0001), VO2max (r =.96, 95%CI: .97-.99, P &lt;.0001) and 40-km-TT time (r =.98, 95%CI: .94-.97, P &lt;.0001). No gender differences were found when predicting cycling performance from the LSCT (P =.95). The findings of this study show that the LSCT is able to accurately predict cycling performance in trained to elite male and female cyclists and potentially can be used to prescribe and fine-tune training prescription in cycling. © 2014 Human Kinetics, Inc.	40-km TT; LSCT; Monitoring; PPO; Training status	adolescent; adult; article; bicycle; breath analysis; breathing; endurance; exercise test; female; heart rate; human; male; oxygen consumption; perception; predictive value; sex difference; time; young adult; Adolescent; Adult; Bicycling; Breath Tests; Exercise Test; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Perception; Physical Endurance; Predictive Value of Tests; Respiration; Sex Factors; Time Factors; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901813929	Genotoxicity evaluation of 4-carboxyl- 2,6- dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes in mice	Adegoke O.A., Ghosh M., Manivannan J., Sinha S., Mukherjee A.	2014	Toxicology and Industrial Health	30	5	10.1177/0748233712457442	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Orita UI, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India; Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced St	Adegoke, O.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Orita UI, Ibadan, Nigeria, Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India; Ghosh, M., Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; Manivannan, J., Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; Sinha, S., Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India; Mukherjee, A., Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India	A short-term in vivo genotoxicity evaluation of 4-carboxyl-2,6- dinitrophenylazohydronaphthalenes (AZ-01 to AZ-04) has been carried out in mice. Aqueous colloidal solutions of the dyes were administered to mice on each day for 5 successive days using gastric gavages. Two end point assessments of the genotoxicity potentials of the dyes were assessed using comet assay and chromosomal aberration studies using the mice bone marrow cells. The dyes were well tolerated at the doses investigated, as there were no deaths or any adverse pharmacotoxic events. Dose-dependent DNA damage (in terms of percentage of tail DNA and Olive tail moment) occurred with AZ-01 and AZ-02, although the effects were significant only with the highest doses. AZ-03 gave similar patterns with those of AZ-01 and AZ-02, while replacement with butanone in AZ-04 altered the observed pattern. Minimal chromosomal damages were obtained for the four dyes, with AZ-01 and AZ-02 giving nonsignificant damages, while the highest dose of AZ-03 produced significant aberrations in terms of breaks. Some minor isochromatid breaks and gaps were also noticed in the dye-treated mice. Mitotic indices in all cases were not significantly different from concomitantly administered vehicle control showing lack of cytotoxicity of the monoazo dyes at these doses. The monoazo dyes show the potential of being utilized as colorants, pending further required tests. © The Author(s) 2012.	4-Carboxyl-2; 6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes; azo-hydrazone tautomerism; chromosomal aberrations; in vivo comet assay; mitotic index	2 butanone; 4 [(2 hydroxynapthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [(4 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [[2 hydroxy 7 (3 oxobutyl)naphthalen 1 yl]diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [[7 (1 carboyethyl) 2 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl]diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; mitomycin; naphthalene derivative; unclassified drug; azo compound; coloring agent; naphthalene derivative; absorption; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; aqueous solution; article; bone marrow cell; chromosome damage; colloid; comet assay; controlled study; cytotoxicity; DNA damage; dose response; genotoxicity; in vitro study; male; mitosis index; mouse; nonhuman; animal; chemically induced; chromosome aberration; drug effects; mutagen testing; Animals; Azo Compounds; Chromosome Aberrations; Coloring Agents; Comet Assay; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Mice; Mutagenicity Tests; Naphthalenes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84856430789	In vitro genotoxicity evaluation of 4-carboxyl-2,6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes using human lymphocytes	Adegoke O.A., Kyu J.K., Mukherjee A.	2012	Food and Chemical Toxicology	50	04-Mar	10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.022	Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, 1266 Shinjeong-dong, Jeongeup 580-185, South Korea; Centre of Advanced Study, Cell	Adegoke, O.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Centre of Advanced Study, Cell and Chromosome Research, Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India; Kyu, J.K., Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, 1266 Shinjeong-dong, Jeongeup 580-185, South Korea; Mukherjee, A., Centre of Advanced Study, Cell and Chromosome Research, Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India	The genotoxicity of a new monoazo dye series, 4-carboxyl-2,6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes has been evaluated using human lymphocytes by alkaline comet assay. Freshly isolated human lymphocytes were exposed to the dyes (AZ-01, -02, -03 and -04) at concentrations ranging from 0 to 500 μM for 3. h at 37 °C. Appropriate negative (culture medium) and positive (100 μM methyl methane sulfonate) controls were set up alongside with the dye-treated cells. Comet assay was performed to assess the extent of DNA damage. The four dyes gave varying results with respect to the parameters of DNA damage studied. AZ-01 showed concentration-dependent DNA damage (% Tail DNA) while lower concentrations (31.25-62.5 μM) did not produce any significant difference in the tail extent moment. AZ-02, the positional isomer of AZ-01, gave non-genotoxic effects at lower concentrations for the two DNA parameters. AZ-03 and AZ-04 (possessing additional C-7 substituents) did not produce significant genotoxic effect at all concentrations relative to the negative control. Two of these monoazo dyes show the potential of being used as edible colorants. The results revealed that genotoxicity of congeneric dyes bear a direct relationship to their chemical structure. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	4-Carboxyl-2,6-dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes; Comet assay; DNA damage; Genotoxicity; Human lymphocytes	4 [(2 hydroxy 7 (3 oxobutyl)naphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [(2 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [(4 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; 4 [(7 (1 carboxyethyl) 2 hydroxynaphthalen 1 yl)diazenyl] 3,5 dinitrobenzoic acid; azo dye; unclassified drug; adult; article; cell isolation; cell viability; chemical structure; comet assay; concentration (parameters); controlled study; DNA damage; genotoxicity; human; human cell; in vitro study; lymphocyte; male; structure activity relation; toxicity testing; Azo Compounds; Cells, Cultured; Comet Assay; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Lymphocytes; Mutagens; Naphthols	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84945278753	Interface behaviour and electrical performance of ruthenium Schottky contact on 4H-SiC after argon annealing	Munthali K.V., Theron C., Auret F.D., Coelho S.M.M.	2015	Bulletin of Materials Science	38	3	None	Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Mathematics, Science and Sports Education, University of Namibia, HP Campus, P/Bag 5507, Oshakati, Namibia	Munthali, K.V., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Mathematics, Science and Sports Education, University of Namibia, HP Campus, P/Bag 5507, Oshakati, Namibia; Theron, C., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Auret, F.D., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Coelho, S.M.M., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) analysis, carried out at various annealing temperatures, of a thin film of ruthenium on n-type four-hexagonal silicon carbide (4H-SiC) showed the evidence of ruthenium oxidation, ruthenium silicide formation and diffusion of ruthenium into silicon carbide starting from an anneal- ing temperature of 400°C. Ruthenium oxidation was more pronounced, and ruthenium and silicon interdiffusion was very deep after annealing at 800°C. Raman analysis of some samples also showed ruthenium silicide formation and oxidation. The Schottky barrier diodes showed very good linear capacitance-voltage characteristics and excel- lent forward current-voltage characteristics, despite the occurrence of the chemical reactions and interdiffusion of ruthenium and silicon at ruthenium-silicon-carbide interface, up to an annealing temperature of 800°C. © Indian Academy of Sciences.	4H-SiC; Oxidation; Raman spectroscopy; Ruthenium; Rutherford backscattering spectrometry; Schottky barrier diodes; Silicide	Annealing; Backscattering; Capacitance; Current voltage characteristics; Oxidation; Raman spectroscopy; Ruthenium; Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy; Silicides; Silicon; Silicon carbide; Spectrometry; 4H-SiC; Annealing temperatures; Capacitance voltage characteristic; Electrical performance; Interface behaviour; Rutherford back-scattering spectrometry; Schottky contacts; Silicide formation; Schottky barrier diodes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907992931	Evaluation of catalytic activity of Ag and Au dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol	Bingwa N., Meijboom R.	2015	Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical	396	None	10.1016/j.molcata.2014.09.019	Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland-Park, Johannesburg, South Africa	Bingwa, N., Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland-Park, Johannesburg, South Africa; Meijboom, R., Research Center for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland-Park, Johannesburg, South Africa	LangmuirHinshelwood parameters were determined with the use of gold and silver dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles (Au-DENs and Ag-DENs) as catalysts. Dendrimers were used as templatingand stabilizing agents to ensure that there is no aggregation of metal nanoparticles. The synthesis ofDENs using amine terminated generation 4 poly (amido)amine dendrimer (G4-PAMAM-NH2) was suc-cessfully demonstrated. These synthesized DENs were characterized using UVvisible spectrophotometry (UVvis), electron dispersion X-ray analysis (EDX), and Fourier transformed infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR). High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) was used to determine the averageparticle sizes, and the average particle sizes were found to be 1.23 ± 0.13 and 1.17 ± 0.13 nm for Au- and Ag-DENs, respectively. Comparison of catalytic activity between the two metal nanoparticles was done interms of thermodynamic parameters obtained from LangmuirHinshelwood fits at 298 K. 4-Nitrophenol(NP) reduction by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in the presence of the synthesized DENs as homogeneouscatalysts was used by virtue of being a model reaction. Effect of diffusion barrier in all kinetic runs wasaddressed by calculations of the second Damkhler number and by the application of the second Fickslaw of diffusion. The LangmuirHinshelwood model proved to be an efficient model for thermodynamiccomparison of the two metal nanoparticles. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	4-Nitrophenol; Kinetics; Langmuir-Hinshelwood; Silver and gold nanoparticles	Catalyst activity; Dendrimers; Enzyme kinetics; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Gold; High resolution transmission electron microscopy; Metal nanoparticles; Spectrophotometry; Synthesis (chemical); X ray analysis; Catalyst activity; Catalysts; Dendrimers; Enzyme kinetics; Fick's laws; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Gold; High resolution transmission electron microscopy; Metal nanoparticles; Nanoparticles; Particle size; Phenols; Spectrophotometry; Synthesis (chemical); 4-Nitrophenol; Dendrimer encapsulated nanoparticles; Electron dispersion x-ray analysis; Infrared spectrophotometry; Langmuir-Hinshelwood; Langmuir-Hinshelwood models; Silver and gold nanoparticles; UV-visible spectrophotometry; Silver; Silver	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943232490	Evaluation of the physicochemical properties and quality indices of multisourced 5 mg amlodipine besylate marketed in southern nigeria	Okhuelegbe E.S., Amara O.C., Amara I.M.	2015	International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences	7	10	None	Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Okhuelegbe, E.S., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Amara, O.C., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Amara, I.M., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Objectives: This study was carried to evaluate and compare the physicochemical parameters and cost of available brands of amlodipine besylate 5 mg marketed in Southern Nigeria. Methods: Fifteen brands were subjected to weight uniformity, friability, hardness, disintegration time, dissolution and chemical content tests. The chemical content test was performed using RP-HPLC method with isocratic run using acetonitrile: acetone buffer (50:50) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min and 237 nm wavelength of detection. Results: All the brands tested passed the weight uniformity test with no significant difference in values within each brand at p<0.05. The crushing strength values of only five brands were within official specification. All the brands passed the disintegration time and friability tests while only ten brands passed the content assay. The dissolution test revealed that all the brands released 70% of their drug content within 45 min. The shelf price of the innovator product was N8, 500 (USD 43) for a pack of 100 tablets while the other products were about N3,000 (USD 15) for an equivalent pack. Conclusion: It can be concluded that though all the brands tested showed good dissolution profiles, only ten brands could be regarded as pharmaceutical equivalents according to their content assay and the price disparity between the products studied cannot be justified by the outcome of this physicochemical evaluation. © 2015, International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science. All rights reserved.	5 mg; Amlodipine; Multisource products; Physicochemical evaluation; RP-HPLC	amlodipine besylate; analytical parameters; Article; chemical content; drug cost; drug solubility; Nigeria; physical chemistry; reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography; tablet disintegration time; tablet friability; tablet hardness; weight uniformity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-44349099730	Design and evaluation of anacardic acid derivatives as anticavity agents	Green I.R., Tocoli F.E., Lee S.H., Nihei K.-i., Kubo I.	2008	European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry	43	6	10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.08.012	Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, P/Bag X17, Bellville, 7530, South Africa; Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3112, United States	Green, I.R., Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, P/Bag X17, Bellville, 7530, South Africa; Tocoli, F.E., Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, P/Bag X17, Bellville, 7530, South Africa; Lee, S.H., Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3112, United States; Nihei, K.-i., Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3112, United States; Kubo, I., Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3112, United States	On the basis of antibacterial anacardic acids, 6-pentadecenylsalicylic acids, isolated from the cashew apple, Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae), a series of 6-alk(en)ylsalicylic acids were synthesized and tested for their antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Among them, 6-(4′,8′-dimethylnonyl)salicylic acid was found to exhibit the most potent antibacterial activity against this cariogenic bacterium with the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 0.78 μg/ml. © 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.	6-(4′,8′-Dimethylnonyl)salicylic acid; Anacardic acid; Antibacterial activity; Streptococcus mutans	anacardic acid; salicylic acid derivative; antibacterial activity; article; cashew nut; dental caries; drug design; drug isolation; drug screening; drug synthesis; minimum inhibitory concentration; nonhuman; Streptococcus mutans; Anacardic Acids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dental Caries; Drug Design; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84941254921	Development of a Single Vial Kit Solution for Radiolabeling of 68Ga-DKFZ-PSMA-11 and Its Performance in Prostate Cancer Patients	Ebenhan T., Vorster M., Marjanovic-Painter B., Wagener J., Suthiram J., Modiselle M., Mokaleng B., Zeevaart J.R., Sathekge M.	2015	Molecules	20	8	10.3390/molecules200814860	University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Crn Malherbe and Steve Biko Rd, Pretoria, South Africa; School of Health Sciences, Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, E-Block 6th Floor, Westville Campus, University Road, Westville, Durban, South Africa; South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Building P1600, Radiochemistry, Pelindaba, Brits, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology, Preclinical Drug Development Platform, North West University, 11 Hoffman St, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Ebenhan, T., University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Crn Malherbe and Steve Biko Rd, Pretoria, South Africa, School of Health Sciences, Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, E-Block 6th Floor, Westville Campus, University Road, Westville, Durban, South Africa; Vorster, M., University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Crn Malherbe and Steve Biko Rd, Pretoria, South Africa; Marjanovic-Painter, B., South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Building P1600, Radiochemistry, Pelindaba, Brits, South Africa; Wagener, J., South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Building P1600, Radiochemistry, Pelindaba, Brits, South Africa; Suthiram, J., University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Crn Malherbe and Steve Biko Rd, Pretoria, South Africa, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Building P1600, Radiochemistry, Pelindaba, Brits, South Africa; Modiselle, M., University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Crn Malherbe and Steve Biko Rd, Pretoria, South Africa; Mokaleng, B., University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Crn Malherbe and Steve Biko Rd, Pretoria, South Africa; Zeevaart, J.R., Department of Science and Technology, Preclinical Drug Development Platform, North West University, 11 Hoffman St, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Sathekge, M., University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Crn Malherbe and Steve Biko Rd, Pretoria, South Africa	Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a type II glycoprotein, is highly expressed in almost all prostate cancers. By playing such a universal role in the disease, PSMA provides a target for diagnostic imaging of prostate cancer using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). The PSMA-targeting ligand Glu-NH-CONH- Lys-(Ahx)-HBED-CC (DKFZ-PSMA-11) has superior imaging properties and allows for highly-specific complexation of the generator-based radioisotope Gallium-68 (68Ga). However, only module-based radiolabeling procedures are currently available. This study intended to develop a single vial kit solution to radiolabel buffered DKFZ-PSMA-11 with 68Ga. A 68Ge/68Ga-generator was utilized to yield 68GaCl3 and major aspects of the kit development were assessed, such as radiolabeling performance, quality assurance, and stability. The final product was injected into patients with prostate cancer for PET/CT imaging and the kit performance was evaluated on the basis of the expected biodistribution, lesion detection, and dose optimization. Kits containing 5 nmol DKFZ-PSMA-11 showed rapid, quantitative 68Ga-complexation and all quality measurements met the release criteria for human application. The increased precursor content did not compromise the ability of 68Ga-DKFZ-PSMA-11 PET/CT to detect primary prostate cancer and its advanced lymphaticand metastatic lesions. The 68Ga-DKFZ-PSMA-11 kit is a robust, ready-to-use diagnostic agent in prostate cancer with high diagnostic performance. © 2015 by the authors.	68Ga-DKFZ-PSMA-11; 68Ga-HBED-CC-(Ahx)Lys-NH-CO-NH-Glu; 68Ga-PSMAHBED; PET/CT; Prostate cancer; PSMA	None	None
WoS	WOS:000344519500001	Evaluation of a Communication Campaign To Improve Continuation Among First-Time Injectable Contraceptive Users in Nyando District, Kenya	Ambasa-Shisanya, Constance,Burke, Holly McClain	2014	INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH	40	2	10.1363/4005614	Exceed Consultancy Serv	None	CONTEXT: Communication campaigns might be a viable means of improving contraceptive continuation; however, few such interventions aimed at reducing contraceptive discontinuation have been evaluated. METHODS: Data were collected from independent samples of new injectable users in Nyando District, Kenya site of a communication campaign to increase contraceptive continuation and in a comparison district, nine months before and nine months after intervention implementation. Survival analysis was used to compare the intervention and comparison groups with respect to the distribution of time until first discontinuation of modern method use among women still in need of family planning. RESULTS: Exposure to family planning information was high in both the treatment and the comparison district before (97% and 85%, respectively) and after the intervention (99% and 78%). Postintervention, 5% of women in the comparison district discontinued by 98 days, 8% by 196 days and 23% by 294 days; the proportions in the treatment district were 4%, 6% and 16%, respectively. No significant difference between the districts was found in the nine-month postintervention contraceptive continuation rates. Having method-related side effects or health concerns was the reason most consistently associated with discontinuation. Other factors associated with discontinuation differed between the districts. CONCLUSIONS: Addressing method-related side effects and health concerns will be critical in improving continuation of the injectable.	,"6 DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES","DEPOT-MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE",DETERMINANTS,DISCONTINUATION,QUALITY-OF-CARE,RATES,WOMEN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919949725	Solid State Reaction of Ruthenium with 6H-SiC Under Vacuum Annealing and the Impact on the Electrical Performance of its Schottky Contact for High Temperature Operating SiC-Based Diodes	Munthali K.V., Theron C., Auret F.D., Coelho S.M.M., Prinsloo L., Njoroge E.	2014	Brazilian Journal of Physics	44	6	10.1007/s13538-014-0257-z	Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Mathematics, Science and Sports Education, University of Namibia, HP Campus, P/Bag 5507, Oshakati, Namibia	Munthali, K.V., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Mathematics, Science and Sports Education, University of Namibia, HP Campus, P/Bag 5507, Oshakati, Namibia; Theron, C., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Auret, F.D., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Coelho, S.M.M., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Prinsloo, L., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Njoroge, E., Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Thin films and Schottky diodes dots of ruthenium (Ru) on bulk-grown n-type-6-hexagonal-silicon carbide (6H-SiC) were annealed isochronally in a vacuum furnace at temperatures ranging from 500–1,000 °C. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy analysis of the thin films showed formation of ruthenium silicide (Ru2Si3) at 800 °C, while diffusion of Ru into 6H-SiC commenced at 800 °C. Raman analysis of the thin films annealed at 1,000 °C showed clear D and G carbon peaks which was evidence of formation of graphite. At this annealing temperature, the Schottky contact was observed to convert to an ohmic contact, as evidenced by the linearity of current–voltage characteristic, thereby, rendering the diode unusable. The transformation from Schottky contact to ohmic contact is attributed to graphite formation at the interface. © 2014, Sociedade Brasileira de Física.	6H-SiC; D and G carbon peaks; Graphite; Raman spectroscopy; Ruthenium; Ruthenium silicide; Rutherford backscattering spectrometry; Schottky contacts	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84855166176	Design, construction, test and evaluation of a stand alone 75 watts solar electric generator	Alade M.O., Ogherowo E.P., Durodola O.M.	2010	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	5	4	10.3923/jeasci.2010.337.341	Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	Alade, M.O., Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ogherowo, E.P., Department of Physics, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Durodola, O.M., Department of Physics, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	In this study, a stand alone 75 watt solar electric generator is designed and constructed to convert the solar radiation of appropriate wavelength from the sun into direct electric current based on photovoltaic principle. The system has proven to meet the necessary requirement under laboratory testing with only few shortcomings. The system can be employed to supply power to laboratory equipment such as signal generator, oscilloscope, network analyzer and spectnnn analyzer (all in the power range of 75 watts) useful in field research of electronic communication research. The 75 watt solar electric generator designed and constructed is also useful in remote areas to produce electric power where there is no easy accesibility to utility electric power or other useful sources of electric power. © Medwell Journals, 2010.	75 watts solar electric generator; Construction; Design; Measurement; Nigeria; Stand alone	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-19944389566	Rapid measurement and evaluation of the effect of drying conditions on harpagoside content in Harpagophytum procumbens (devil's claw) root	Joubert E., Manley M., Gray B.R., Schulz H.	2005	Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry	53	9	10.1021/jf047930c	ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), 7602, South Africa; Institute for Plant Analysis, Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants (BAZ), Neuer Weg 22-23, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany	Joubert, E., ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Manley, M., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), 7602, South Africa; Gray, B.R., Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch), 7602, South Africa; Schulz, H., Institute for Plant Analysis, Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants (BAZ), Neuer Weg 22-23, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany	The effect of drying conditions on harpagoside (HS) retention, as well as the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for rapid quantification of the iridoids, HS, and 8-ρ-coumaroyl harpagide (8ρCHG) and moisture, in dried Harpagophytum procumbens (devil's claw) root was investigated. HS retention was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in sun-dried samples as compared to tunnel-dried (60 °C, 30% relative humidity) and freeze-dried samples. The best retention of HS was obtained at 50 °C when evaluating tunnel drying at dry bulb temperatures of 40, 50, and 60 °C and 30% relative humidity. NIRS can effectively predict moisture content with a standard error of prediction (SEP) and correlation coefficient (r) of 0.24% and 0.99, respectively. The HS and 8ρCHG NIRS calibration models established for both iridoid glucosides can be used for screening purposes to get a semiquantitative classification of devil's claw roots (for HS: SEP = 0.236%, r = 0.64; for 8ρCHG: SEP = 0.048%, r = 0.73). © 2005 American Chemical Society.	8-ρ-coumaroyl harpagide; Controlled drying; Devil's claw; Harpagophytum procumbens; Harpagoside; HPLC; Moisture content; NIRS	glycoside; harpagoside; pyran derivative; article; chemistry; comparative study; desiccation; freeze drying; Harpagophytum; methodology; pharmaceutics; plant root; sunlight; temperature; Desiccation; Freeze Drying; Glycosides; Harpagophytum; Plant Roots; Pyrans; Sunlight; Technology, Pharmaceutical; Temperature; Harpagophytum; Harpagophytum procumbens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33847627864	Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms in Burkina Faso: Impact on plasma fasting homocysteine and after methionine loading test	Angius A., Simpore J., Persico I., Sassu A., Prodi D.A., Musumeci S.	2007	Clinical Laboratory	53	42371	None	Institute of Population Genetics, CNR, Alghero, SS, Italy; Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Centre Medical Saint Camille (CMSC), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, Gynecology and Obstetric, Pediatrics, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Université de Ouagadougou, Unité de Formation et de Recherche/SVT, Burkina Faso, South Africa	Angius, A., Institute of Population Genetics, CNR, Alghero, SS, Italy, Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Simpore, J., Centre Medical Saint Camille (CMSC), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, South Africa, Université de Ouagadougou, Unité de Formation et de Recherche/SVT, Burkina Faso, South Africa; Persico, I., Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Sassu, A., Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Prodi, D.A., Shardna Life Sciences, Cagliari, Italy; Musumeci, S., Institute of Population Genetics, CNR, Alghero, SS, Italy, Department of Pharmacology, Gynecology and Obstetric, Pediatrics, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy	In Burkina Faso the levels of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) are lower and the methionine loading tests suggest a more effective Hcy metabolism. The polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) showed a relevant difference in the allele frequencies of T MTHFR-677 in young and in old subjects, while the allele frequency of C MTHFR-1298 was comparable in young and old subjects. The aim of this paper was to study the impact of the MTHFR polymorphisms on plasma fasting Hcy and after methionine loading in Burkina Faso. The young subjects with CC MTHFR-677 genotype had levels of Hey significantly lower than CT and TT subjects. The level of Hcy in subjects who had AA, AC and CC MTHFR-1298 genotypes were comparable. The levels of Hcy after the methionine loading test were significantly higher in CT and TT MTHFR-677 genotype. These results suggest that the genetic situation in Burkina Faso is different from that of other Western countries and this guarantees the maintenance of lower plasma levels of Hcy in young and old Africans. The elevated levels of plasma Hcy in old subjects compared to young subjects, against the IoNN prevalence of the T allele in elderly subjects, is discussed.	A298C; Burkina Faso; C677T; Homocysteine; Methionine loading test; MTHFR	5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2); homocysteine; methionine; adult; age distribution; aged; amino acid metabolism; article; Burkina Faso; controlled study; diet restriction; female; gene frequency; genetic polymorphism; genotype; high performance liquid chromatography; human; loading test; male; Negro; population genetics; prevalence; protein blood level; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Burkina Faso; Fasting; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Methionine; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic; Statistics, Nonparametric	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858393170	Who was allocated Fast Track land, and what did they do with it? Selection of A2 farmers in Goromonzi District, Zimbabwe and its impacts on agricultural production	Marongwe N.	2011	Journal of Peasant Studies	38	5	10.1080/03066150.2011.636483	University of theWestern Cape, School of Government, Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies, South Africa	Marongwe, N., University of theWestern Cape, School of Government, Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies, South Africa	Questions of who was allocated land under Zimbabwe's Fast Track land reform programme and how productive the beneficiaries have been are highly controversial. This article presents detailed empirical data on beneficiaries who were small and medium-sized commercial farms (the A2 model) in Goromonzi district, land allocation processes, and land use. Goromonzi District is one of the four districts that share a boundary with Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe. A questionnaire survey targeting 65 A2 beneficiaries was implemented in 2003, while key informant interviews were done in 2006. Drawing on both primary and official data, the article shows that official criteria for selecting beneficiaries for A2 farms that emphasized the potential to use the land productively were ignored in practice. The institutions responsible for land allocation were captured by members of the ruling party and by representatives of the state security apparatus, and most beneficiaries were drawn from the governing or the local elite. Many lacked sufficient capital to invest meaningfully in commercial agriculture, did not have relevant farming experience, and were unable to put the bulk of their land into production for several years. As a result, in Goromonzi District the impact of Fast Track land reform on commercial agriculture has been negative. © 2011 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	A2 farms; agriculture; beneficiary selection; Fast Track land reform; Goromonzi; governing elite; selection criteria; Zimbabwe	agricultural production; farming system; land reform; land use; small and medium-sized enterprise; smallholder; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906766043	Framing effectiveness in impact assessment: Discourse accommodation in controversial infrastructure development	Rozema J.G., Bond A.J.	2015	Environmental Impact Assessment Review	50	None	10.1016/j.eiar.2014.08.001	Science, Society and Sustainability (3S) Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom; Department of Development and Planning, Aalborg University, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, DK-2450 København SV, Denmark; School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North West University (Potchefstroom campus), Internal Box 375, South Africa	Rozema, J.G., Science, Society and Sustainability (3S) Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom, Department of Development and Planning, Aalborg University, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, DK-2450 København SV, Denmark; Bond, A.J., Science, Society and Sustainability (3S) Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom, School of Geo and Spatial Sciences, North West University (Potchefstroom campus), Internal Box 375, South Africa	There is ongoing debate about the effectiveness of impact assessment tools, which matters both because of the threat to future practice of the tools which are frequently perceived to be ineffective, and because of the disillusionment that can ensue, and controversy generated, amongst stakeholders in a decision context where opportunities for meaningful debate have not been provided. In this article we regard debate about the meaning of effectiveness in impact assessment as an inevitable consequence of increased participation in environmental decision-making, and therefore frame effectiveness based on an inclusive democracy role to mean the extent to which impact assessment can accommodate civil society discourse. Our aim is to investigate effectiveness based on this framing by looking at one type of impact assessment - environmental impact assessment (EIA) - in two controversial project proposals: the HS2 rail network in England; and the A4DS motorway in the Netherlands. Documentary analysis and interviews held with key civil society stakeholders have been deployed to identify discourses that were mobilised in the cases. EIA was found to be able to accommodate only one out of four discourses that were identified; for the other three it did not provide the space for the arguments that characterised opposition. The conclusion in relation to debate on framings of effectiveness is that EIA will not be considered effective by the majority of stakeholders. EIA was established to support decision-making through a better understanding of impacts, so its ineffectiveness is unsurprising when its role is perceived to be broader. However, there remains a need to map discourses in different decision contexts and to analyse the extent to which the range of discourses are accommodated throughout the decision process, and the role of impact assessment in those processes, before recommendations can be made to either improve impact assessment effectiveness, or whether it is simply perceptions of effectiveness that need to be improved. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.	A4DS; Discourse accommodation; Effectiveness; Environmental impact assessment; HS2; Infrastructure development	Decision making; Environmental impact; Environmental impact assessments; A4DS; Discourse accommodation; Effectiveness; HS2; Infrastructure development; Public policy; Environmental impact assessments; decision making; environmental impact assessment; motorway; railway transport; stakeholder; civil society; environmental assessment; farming system; infrastructural development; participatory approach; England; Netherlands; United Kingdom	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872939579	Performance evaluation of some steels as extrusion die on AA6063-type Al-Mg-Si alloy	Fayomi O.S.I., Gbenebor O.P., Abdulwahab M., Popoola A.P.I.	2012	Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences	19	6	None	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, P.M.B. X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria	Fayomi, O.S.I., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, P.M.B. X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Gbenebor, O.P., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria; Abdulwahab, M., Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, P.M.B. X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Popoola, A.P.I., Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, P.M.B. X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	This study deals with the performance evaluation of mild and tool steels, their microstructure and extrusion property associated with changes in induced dies of entry angles 15°, 45° and 75° on AA 6063-type Al-Mg-Si alloy. Based on the service requirement in extrusion operations, microhardness and wear properties are used as criteria. The extrusion operation reveals the formation of clusters, surface modification occurring as a result of various ranges of die angles. The effect of extrusion pressure, sample elongation, hardness and die speed angle are systematically studied using microhardness tester, optical microscope (OPM), scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The mild steel die enables slips and dislocation movement of the sample to take place with ease than the tool steel dies at 45° elongation. Formation of Mg2Si and AlFeSi on mild steel extrusion has significantly influenced its mechanical properties as a result of response to increasing grain boundary which serves as nucleation site for the precipitates. The microhardness and wear resistance of extruded mild steel increased by 90%. Extrusion of the aluminum by the tool steel led to the formation of clusters and stretched along the slip directions.	AA6063-type Al-Mg-Si alloy; Die entry angles; Dislocation; Extrusion; Microstructure	Al-Mg-Si alloys; Dislocation movement; Extrusion operation; Extrusion pressure; Microhardness tester; Optical microscopes; Scanning Electron Microscope; Service requirements; Alloy steel; Aluminum; Carbon steel; Cerium alloys; Dies; Dislocations (crystals); Energy dispersive spectroscopy; Grain boundaries; Mechanical properties; Microhardness; Microstructure; Scanning electron microscopy; Silicon; Silicon alloys; Tool steel; Extrusion	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899447485	Comparative capacity performance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of commercial AA alkaline primary cells	Ferg E.E., Van Vuuren F.	2014	Electrochimica Acta	128	None	10.1016/j.electacta.2013.08.110	Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Ferg, E.E., Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Van Vuuren, F., Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa	Alkaline primary cells are a relatively inexpensive source of portable power and there is still a significant demand for them due to their lower retail costs, good shelf life and good energy densities. There is a range of imported and local brands available in South Africa that can differ in terms of their cost to the consumer and their performance. The study being reported here compared a range of seven different AA alkaline brands in terms of price and performance by discharging them using three different standard tests, namely at constant 250 mA current, motor/toy and photo-flash respectively. The study also used electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to observe differences between the different cell brands at different stages of discharge during the different discharge test sequences. The results showed that all cell brands achieved similar discharge capacities for the low-power discharge test of around 1.7 Ah at a constant current of 250 mA with significant differences in their respective purchase prices. However, significantly better discharge capacities of around 1.4 Ah were achieved for the more expensive brands for the photo-flash test when compared to the cheaper brand, where only 0.4 Ah was achieved. Hence, one can get value for money by using cheaper brand cells for typical low-power applications such as digital clocks, while the more expensive brands are recommended for high-power applications. The results of the EIS analysis showed that the internal cell resistance of the cheaper branded cells was relatively higher when compared to the more expensive branded cells. The change in the cheaper cells' internal resistance was also comparatively higher when measured during the various stages of the discharge tests, especially during the photo-flash test. The EIS analysis also showed that certain new cells displayed an unusually high electrode capacitance and resistance when compared to the other cell types. This phenomenon then disappeared once the cells were slightly discharged to 1% of their respective capacities. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	AA alkaline cells, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Capacity performance	Costs; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Spectroscopy; Capacity performance; Constant current; Discharge capacities; Electrode capacitance; High power applications; Internal cell resistance; Internal resistance; Low power application; Testing	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-54049094330	Evaluation of the inhibitive effect of some plant extracts on the acid corrosion of mild steel	Oguzie E.E.	2008	Corrosion Science	50	11	10.1016/j.corsci.2008.08.004	Electrochemistry and Materials Science Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526, Owerri, Nigeria	Oguzie, E.E., Electrochemistry and Materials Science Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526, Owerri, Nigeria	Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 2 M HCl and 1 M H2SO4 by extracts of selected plants was investigated using a gasometric technique at temperatures of 30 and 60 °C. The studied plants materials include leaf extracts Occimum viridis (OV), Telferia occidentalis (TO), Azadirachta indica (AI) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) as well as extracts from the seeds of Garcinia kola (GK). The results indicate that all the extracts inhibited the corrosion process in both acid media by virtue of adsorption and inhibition efficiency improved with concentration. Synergistic effects increased the inhibition efficiency in the presence of halide additives. Inhibition mechanisms were deduced from the temperature dependence of the inhibition efficiency as well as from assessment of kinetic and activation parameters that govern the processes. Comparative analysis of the inhibitor adsorption behaviour in 2 M HCl and 1 M H2SO4 as well as the effects of temperature and halide additives suggest that both protonated and molecular species could be responsible for the inhibiting action of the extracts. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	A. Acid solution; A. Mild steel; C. Acid corrosion; C. Acid inhibition	Acids; Adsorption; Concentration (process); Corrosion; Corrosion prevention; Electrochemical corrosion; Steel; A. Acid solution; A. Mild steel; Acid corrosions; Acid medias; Activation parameters; Adsorption behaviours; Azadirachta indica; C. Acid corrosion; C. Acid inhibition; Comparative analysis; Corrosion inhibitions; Corrosion processes; Effects of temperatures; Halide additives; Inhibition efficiencies; Inhibition mechanisms; Inhibitive effects; Kinetic; Leaf extracts; Mild steels; Molecular species; Plant extracts; Protonated; Synergistic effects; Temperature dependences; Extraction	None
None	None	Performance evaluation of three computed radiography systems using methods recommended in American Association of Physicists in Medicine Report 93	Muhogora W., Padovani R., Bonutti F., Msaki P., Kazema R.	2011	Journal of Medical Physics	36	3	10.4103/0971-6203.83478	Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, P. O. Box 743, Arusha, Tanzania; Fisica Sanitaria, Ospedale Universitario, P.le Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, Udine 33100, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35063, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Muhogora, W., Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission, P. O. Box 743, Arusha, Tanzania; Padovani, R., Fisica Sanitaria, Ospedale Universitario, P.le Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, Udine 33100, Italy; Bonutti, F., Fisica Sanitaria, Ospedale Universitario, P.le Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, Udine 33100, Italy; Msaki, P., Department of Physics, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O. Box 35063, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Kazema, R., Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	The performances of three clinical computed radiography (CR) systems, (Agfa CR 75 (with CRMD 4.0 image plates), Kodak CR 850 (with Kodak GP plates) and Kodak CR 850A (with Kodak GP plates)) were evaluated using six tests recommended in American Association of Physicists in Medicine Report 93. The results indicated variable performances with majority being within acceptable limits. The variations were mainly attributed to differences in detector formulations, plate readers" characteristics, and aging effects. The differences of the mean low contrast scores between the imaging systems for three observers were statistically significant for Agfa and Kodak CR 850A (P=0.009) and for Kodak CR systems (P=0.006) probably because of the differences in ages. However, the differences were not statistically significant between Agfa and Kodak CR 850 (P=0.284) suggesting similar perceived image quality. The study demonstrates the need to implement quality control program regularly.	AAPM Report 93; computed radiography systems; performance evaluation	article; computer assisted radiography; device; image quality; quality control; radiation dose	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880620087	Poor early virologic performance and durability of abacavir-based first-line regimens for HIV-infected children	Technau K.-G., Lazarus E., Kuhn L., Abrams E.J., Sorour G., Strehlau R., Reubenson G., Davies M.-A., Coovadia A.	2013	Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal	32	8	10.1097/INF.0b013e31828c3738	Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Cnr Fuel and Oudtshoorn St, Coronationville, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Technau, K.-G., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Cnr Fuel and Oudtshoorn St, Coronationville, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Lazarus, E., Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Kuhn, L., Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States; Abrams, E.J., Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Sorour, G., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Cnr Fuel and Oudtshoorn St, Coronationville, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Strehlau, R., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Cnr Fuel and Oudtshoorn St, Coronationville, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Reubenson, G., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Cnr Fuel and Oudtshoorn St, Coronationville, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; Davies, M.-A., School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Coovadia, A., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Empilweni Services and Research Unit, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, Cnr Fuel and Oudtshoorn St, Coronationville, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa	BACKGROUND: Concerns about stavudine (d4T) toxicity have led to increased use of abacavir (ABC) in first-line pediatric antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens. Field experience with ABC in ART-naïve children is limited. METHODS: Deidentified demographic, clinical and laboratory data on HIV-infected children initiating ART between 2004 and 2011 in a large pediatric HIV treatment program in Johannesburg, South Africa, were used to compare viral suppression at 6 and 12 months by initial treatment regimen, time to suppression (<400 copies/mL) and rebound (>1000 copies/mL after initial suppression). Adjusted logistic regression was used to investigate confounders and calendar effects. RESULTS: Two thousand thirty-six children initiated either d4T/3TC-or ABC/3TC-based first-line regimens in combination with either boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) or efavirenz (EFV). 1634 received d4T regimens (LPV/r n = 672; EFV n = 962) and 402 ABC regimens (LPV/r n = 192; EFV n = 210). At 6 and 12 months on ART, viral suppression rate was poorer in ABC versus d4T groups within both the LPV/r and EFV groups (P < 0.0001 for all points). In ABC groups, time to suppression was significantly slower (log-rank P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0092 for LPV/r-and EFV-based, respectively) and time to rebound after suppression significantly faster (log-rank P = 0.014 and P = 0.0001 for LPV/r-and EFV-based, respectively). Logistic regression confirmed the worse outcomes in the ABC groups even after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSION: Data from this urban pediatric ART service program show significantly poorer virological performance of ABC compared with d4T-based regimens, a signal that urgently warrants further investigation. Copyright © 2013 Lippincott Williams &Wilkins.	abacavir; children; first-line antiretroviral therapy; HIV	abacavir; abacavir plus lamivudine; antiretrovirus agent; didanosine; efavirenz; lamivudine plus stavudine; lopinavir; lopinavir plus ritonavir; nevirapine; ritonavir; zidovudine; article; child; controlled study; demography; drug capsule; drug efficacy; drug formulation; drug safety; female; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; laboratory test; major clinical study; male; pediatrics; preschool child; priority journal; South Africa; syrup; tablet formulation; treatment duration; treatment outcome; treatment response; virology; virus load; virus strain; Anti-HIV Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Dideoxynucleosides; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Male; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Viral Load	NIH, National Institutes of Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888035894	Evaluation of trace element contents in groundwater in Abakaliki metropolis and around the abandoned mine sites in the southern part, Southeastern Nigeria	Okogbue C.O., Ukpai S.N.	2013	Environmental Earth Sciences	70	7	10.1007/s12665-013-2401-4	Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Okogbue, C.O., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ukpai, S.N., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study aimed at determining the concentrations of trace elements in the groundwater of Abakaliki urban and some abandoned mine sites in the Southern part. Sixteen trace elements were analyzed for each of the twenty water samples collected. Laboratory results showed that the concentration of manganese varied from 4.816 to 11.238 ppm, zinc from 0.126 to 1.403 ppm, copper from 0.198 to 0.967 ppm, lead from 0.005 to 0.010 ppm, arsenic from 0.001 to 0.009 ppm, chromium from 0.009 to 0.025 mg/l, cadmium from 0.003 to 0.011 mg/l, mercury from 0.001 to 0.005 mg/l, nickel from 0.008 to 0.032 mg/l, selenium from 0.001 to 0.011 ppm, iodine from 0.013 to 0.050 ppm, uranium from 0.001 to 0.006 ppm, platinum from 0.009 to 0.032 ppm, tin from 0.014 to 0.015 ppm, lithium from 0.009 to 0.024 mg/l, cobalt from 0.015 to 0.036 mg/l, and iron from 0.010 to 0.980 ppm. These results were analyzed statistically and their distribution modeled using a software package. The results were also compared with world standards for potable water. The comparison showed that water samples are contaminated with trace elements and particularly polluted with, Mn, Hg, and Cd with average concentration values of 8.43, 0.002, and 0.005 mg/l, all above the World Health Organization standard limits of 0.005, 0.001 and 0.003 mg/l, respectively. Concentrations of Fe, Zn, and Ni are above the permissible limits of 0.30, 0.01, and 0.02 mg/l, respectively, in some places. Health hazards like metal poisoning which can result from pollution of this nature cannot be ruled out. Controlling processes such as chemical dissolutions, mechanical weathering and pollution from urban sewage, release the trace elements to the soil system while chemical dilution, otherwise called leaching, streamlines the trace element plumes to the groundwater regime with dispersion processes mixing and spreading the plume. Dispersion trends of the elements show point sources from the southern part, indicating presence of ore deposits, most likely sulfide ores as interpreted from correlation matrix. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Abakaliki area; Groundwater; Pollution; Trace elements	Abakaliki area; Average concentration; Chemical dissolution; Groundwater regimes; Mechanical weatherings; Southeastern Nigeria; Trace element content; World Health Organization; Abandoned mines; Dispersions; Groundwater; Health hazards; Manganese; Manganese removal (water treatment); Nickel; Ore deposits; Pollution; Potable water; Sewage; Trace elements; Urban growth; Zinc; Groundwater pollution; abandoned mine; concentration (composition); dispersion; dissolution; drinking water; groundwater pollution; metropolitan area; ore deposit; plume; point source pollution; poisoning; pollution monitoring; sewage; software; sulfide; trace element; Abakaliki; Ebonyi; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891160427	Performance of pyroclastic rocks from Abakaliki Metropolis (southeastern Nigeria) in road construction projects	Okogbue C.O., Aghamelu O.P.	2013	Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment	72	04-Mar	10.1007/s10064-013-0489-0	Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Geology and Exploration Geophysics, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria	Okogbue, C.O., Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Aghamelu, O.P., Department of Geology and Exploration Geophysics, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria	A total of 15 samples from the Abakaliki pyroclastic rock bodies were subjected to petrographic and mechanical analyses to determine the suitability of the rock type as a road aggregate. Results indicate that the Abakaliki pyroclastic rock yield aggregates with marginal performance in road projects. Although the aggregates meet a number of road stone requirements (i.e., ten percent fines and their ability to absorb water), they fail to meet other key road stone requirements. Whilst their aggregate impact values, Los Angeles abrasion values, and flakiness index are generally above the recommended limits, petrographic analyses reveal appreciable amounts of shaley to muddy lithic fragment and volcanic glassy groundmass. These detrimental constituents and marginal laboratory test results would likely translate to long term poor field performance where the pyroclastic aggregate is used for road construction. This study suggests that utilization of the Abakaliki pyroclastic rock as an aggregate, especially for road construction, requires informed caution, particularly when the material is exposed to climatic extremes (high volume of rainfall and high and fluctuating temperature) as is the case in the tropics. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.	Abakaliki; Field performance; Geotechnical property; Petrographic analysis; Pyroclastic rock; Road aggregate	Abakaliki; Field performance; Geotechnical properties; Petrographic analysis; Pyroclastic rocks; Road construction; Roads and streets; Rocks; Aggregates; aggregate; geotechnical property; petrography; pyroclastic deposit; road construction; rock mechanics; Abakaliki; California; Ebonyi; Los Angeles [California]; Nigeria; United States	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865827371	Development and preliminary evaluation of a real-time PCR assay for Halioticida noduliformans in abalone tissues	Greeff M.R., Christison K.W., MacEy B.M.	2012	Diseases of Aquatic Organisms	99	2	10.3354/dao02468	Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa; Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Aquaculture Research, Private Bag X2, Roggebaai, Cape Town, 8012, South Africa	Greeff, M.R., Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa; Christison, K.W., Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, South Africa, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Aquaculture Research, Private Bag X2, Roggebaai, Cape Town, 8012, South Africa; MacEy, B.M., Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Aquaculture Research, Private Bag X2, Roggebaai, Cape Town, 8012, South Africa	Abalone Haliotis midae exhibiting typical clinical signs of tubercle mycosis were discovered in South African culture facilities in 2006, posing a significant threat to the industry. The fungus responsible for the outbreak was identified as a Peronosporomycete, Halioticida noduliformans. Currently, histopathology and gross observation are used to diagnose this disease, but these 2 methods are neither rapid nor sensitive enough to provide accurate and reliable diagnosis. Realtime quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a rapid and reliable method for the detection and quantification of a variety of pathogens, so therefore we aimed to develop a qPCR assay for species-specific detection and quantification of H. noduliformans. Effective extraction of H. noduliformans geno - mic DNA from laboratory grown cultures, as well as from spiked abalone tissues, was accomplished by grinding samples using a pellet pestle followed by heat lysis in the presence of Chelax- 100 beads. A set of oligonucleotide primers was designed to specifically amplify H. noduliformans DNA in the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene, and tested for cross-reactivity to DNA extracted from related and non-related fungi isolated from seaweeds, crustaceans and healthy abalone; no crossamplification was detected. When performing PCR assays in an abalone tissue matrix, an environment designed to be a non-sterile simulation of environmental conditions, no amplification occurred in the negative controls. The qPCR assay sensitivity was determined to be approximately 0.28 pg of fungal DNA (∼2.3 spores) in a 25 μl reaction volume. Our qPCR technique will be useful for monitoring and quantifying H. noduliformans for the surveillance and management of abalone tubercle mycosis in South Africa. © Inter-Research 2012.	Abalone; Disease; Halioticida noduliformans; PCR; Tubercle mycosis	bioassay; environmental conditions; fungal disease; histopathology; host-pathogen interaction; matrix; mitochondrial DNA; monitoring; polymerase chain reaction; population outbreak; seaweed; South Africa; Bacteria (microorganisms); Crustacea; Fungi; Haliotidae; Haliotis midae; Lonchocarpus glaucifolius; fungal DNA; animal; article; classification; fungus; genetics; isolation and purification; methodology; microbiology; mollusc; real time polymerase chain reaction; sensitivity and specificity; species difference; Animals; DNA, Fungal; Fungi; Mollusca; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity; Species Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905274923	Recommendations for the medical evaluation of children prior to adoption in South Africa	Haeri Mazanderani A., du Plessis N., Lumb J., Feucht U., Myburgh M., Mayaphi S., Lekalakala R., Swanepoel D.W., Georgakis H., Avenant T.	2014	South African Medical Journal	104	8	10.7196/SAMJ.7958	Department of Medical Virology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, and University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Pretoria and Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Thusanani Children's Foundation, Gauteng, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics, Kalafong Hospital and University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Medical Virology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service and University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Medical Virology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, and University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Medical Microbiology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service and University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Communication Pathology, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Neurosurgery, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics at Kalafong Hospital, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Haeri Mazanderani, A., Department of Medical Virology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, and University of Pretoria, South Africa; du Plessis, N., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Pretoria and Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa; Lumb, J., Thusanani Children's Foundation, Gauteng, South Africa; Feucht, U., Department of Paediatrics, Kalafong Hospital and University of Pretoria, South Africa; Myburgh, M., Department of Medical Virology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service and University of Pretoria, South Africa; Mayaphi, S., Department of Medical Virology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service, and University of Pretoria, South Africa; Lekalakala, R., Department of Medical Microbiology, Tshwane Academic Division, National Health Laboratory Service and University of Pretoria, South Africa; Swanepoel, D.W., Department of Communication Pathology, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Georgakis, H., Department of Neurosurgery, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Avenant, T., Department of Paediatrics at Kalafong Hospital, University of Pretoria, South Africa	The current legislative framework in South Africa (SA) supports adoption as the preferred form of care for children with inadequate or no parental or family support. There are an estimated 3.8 million orphans in SA, with approximately 1.5 - 2 million children considered adoptable. As a means of improving services, newly drafted adoption guidelines from the National Department of Social Development will in future require both non-profit and private sector adoption agencies to obtain a medical report on a child prior to placement. However, no local guidelines specify what an appropriate medical examination entails or how it should be reported. For the purposes of proposing and developing such guidelines, an open forum was convened at the Institute of Pathology, University of Pretoria, in March 2013. These 'Recommendations for the medical evaluation of children prior to adoption in South Africa' emanate from this meeting.	Abandoned children; Adoption; Medical evaluation	hepatitis B surface antibody; hepatitis B surface antigen; thyrotropin; adoption; article; birth certificate; child health care; child welfare; echography; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; fluorescent treponema antibody test; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human T cell leukemia virus 1; infection; medical assessment; medical examination; medical history; metabolic disorder; occupational therapy assessment; practice guideline; psychologic assessment; screening test; South Africa; speech therapy; university; anamnesis; child; feasibility study; physical examination; South America; standards; Adoption; Child; Feasibility Studies; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Medical History Taking; Physical Examination; South America	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864850766	Environmental impact assessment of Attenda abattoir, Ogbomoso southwestern Nigeria on surface and groundwater quality using geo-electrical imaging and microbiological analysis	Adelowo O.O., Akinlabi I.A., Fagade O.E.	2012	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	184	7	10.1007/s10661-011-2285-2	Dept of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Earth Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnol	Adelowo, O.O., Dept of Pure and Applied Biology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Akinlabi, I.A., Department of Earth Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Fagade, O.E., Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Dept of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	The impact of Attenda abattoir, Ogbomoso southwestern Nigeria on four water sources was investigated using geoelectrical imaging and microbiological analysis. 2D electrical resistivity imaging indicated groundwater contamination by leachate from the abattoir. Electrical resistivity values measured by the traverse run directly on the waste dump and other areas impacted by the waste from the abattoir are generally very low (6.68-16.7 Ωm) in comparison to other positions (135-288 Ωm). The total viable bacteria count of the water samples ranged from 0.49×106 to 2.85×108 cfu/ml and all samples are contaminated with coliforms with the most probable number (MPN)/100 ml ranging from 110 to ≥1,600 MPN/100 ml. Among bacteria isolated from the study site (n=95), resistance to eight antibiotics ranged from 35.8% to 94%. In addition, 85% of Streptococcus agalactiae (n=31) and Staph-ylococci (n=9) showed haemolytic activity while 92% of all isolates showed β-lactamase activity. These results suggest that operations of the abattoir may impact negatively on surrounding aquatic ecosystem and endanger the health of surrounding residents who use water from the wells for domestic purposes. Furthermore, such aquatic ecosystems may serve as reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011.	Abattoir; Antibiotics resistance; Bacteria; Pollution; Water quality	Abattoir; Antibiotic-resistant bacteria; Antibiotics resistance; Aquatic ecosystem; Coliforms; Domestic purpose; Electrical resistivity; Electrical resistivity imaging; Geoelectrical; Ground-water qualities; Groundwater contamination; Lactamases; Leachates; Microbiological analysis; Most probable number; Nigeria; Streptococcus agalactiae; Study sites; Waste dumps; Water samples; Water source; Antibiotics; Ecosystems; Electric conductivity; Environmental impact assessments; Pollution; Reservoirs (water); Water quality; Bacteria; ampicillin; beta lactamase; chloramphenicol; ciprofloxacin; cloxacillin; cotrimoxazole; erythromycin; gentamicin; ground water; ofloxacin; penicillin G; streptomycin; surface water; antibiotic resistance; aquatic ecosystem; electrical resistivity; environmental impact assessment; geoelectric field; groundwater; health risk; human activity; leachate; microbiology; water resource; analytic method; antibiotic sensitivity; aquatic environment; article; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus licheniformis; Bacillus subtilis; bacterium isolate; bacterium isolation; Burkholderia cepacia; colony forming unit; environmental impact assessment; environmental monitoring; enzyme activity; Escherichia coli; geoelectrical imaging; Klebsiella aerogenes; Klebsiella pneumoniae; microbiological analysis; minimum inhibitory concentration; morphology; Nigeria; nonhuman; Proteus vulgaris; Pseudomonas putida; Rhodococcus equi; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Streptococcus agalactiae; water analysis; water contamination; water quality; water supply; Abattoirs; Environment; Environmental Monitoring; Groundwater; Nigeria; Remote Sensing Technology; Water Microbiology; Water Pollutants; Water Pollution; Nigeria; Ogbomosho; Oyo	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951631493	Evaluation of quality of beef produced and sold in parts of Tigray Region of Ethiopia	Kumar A., Kebede E., Kassaye E.	2010	Tropical Animal Health and Production	42	3	10.1007/s11250-009-9441-5	Department of Population and Preventive Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Veterinary Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Sciences, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, Haryana, India; Head of Department, VPBI, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Director Research, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Kumar, A., Department of Population and Preventive Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia, Veterinary Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia, Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Sciences, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, Haryana, India; Kebede, E., Department of Population and Preventive Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia, Head of Department, VPBI, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Kassaye, E., Department of Population and Preventive Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia, Director Research, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia	Microbiological and physical quality of 83 samples of beef produced and marketed in some parts of Tigray region of Ethiopia were evaluated. The color, marbling, pH, bleeding status and aerobic plate count (APC) were within permissible limits in 35(42.16%), 47(56.63%), 51 (61.44%), 13(15.66%) and 20(24.09%) samples, respectively. Based on these parameters, a high percentage of samples (varying from 38.56%-84.34%) were of unsatisfactory quality. Such a widespread imperfect bleeding (84.34%) and high APC (75.91%) emphasize the need to improve the techniques of bleeding and hygienic conditions at the time of production of meat at abattoir and its marketing. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Abattoir; Beef; Quality; Quality control	animal; article; bacterial count; cattle; Ethiopia; food control; meat; microbiology; slaughterhouse; standard; Abattoirs; Animals; Cattle; Colony Count, Microbial; Ethiopia; Food Microbiology; Meat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77951216022	Bovine fasciolosis: Coprological, abattoir survey and its economic impact due to liver condemnation at Soddo municipal abattoir, Southern Ethiopia	Abunna F., Asfaw L., Megersa B., Regassa A.	2010	Tropical Animal Health and Production	42	2	10.1007/s11250-009-9419-3	Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Abunna, F., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Asfaw, L., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Megersa, B., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Regassa, A., Hawassa University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 5, Hawassa, Ethiopia	A study was carried out to determine the prevalence and the species of liver flukes in indigenous adult cattle, to compare the diagnostic efficiency of fecal and post mortem examination and to assess the economic significance of bovine fasciolosis due to liver condemnation in the abattoir. Of the 406 livers and fecal samples examined, 57 (14.0%) and 20 (4.9%) were positive for fasciolosis. The most common liver fluke species affecting the cattle was Fasciola gigantica, 9.1% of cattle were infected with F. gigantica while, Fasciola. hepatica, mixed infections and unidentified or immature forms of Fasciola spp. were present in 3.2 %, 0.7% and 1 % of cattle, respectively. A retrospective abattoir survey revealed that the prevalence of fasciolosis was 12.7%. The prevalence of fasciolosis recorded in this study was lower than that reported by other researchers in this country. There was a strong relationship between fecal examination and postmortem findings of liver lesions, (K = 0.23) but under local conditions, postmortem examination was considered a better diagnostic tool for fasciolosis. Fasciolosis is of significant economic importance as the resultant liver condemnations caused an average loss of 4000 USD per annum. Hence, this disease deserves serious attention by the various stakeholders in order to promote the beef industry in the study area in particular and in the country in general. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.	Abattoir; Bovine; Coprology; Ethiopia; Fasciolosis; Soddo	Bos; Bovinae; Fasciola; Fasciola gigantica; Fasciola hepatica; Hepatica; animal; animal disease; article; cattle; cattle disease; cross-sectional study; economics; Ethiopia; Fasciola; fascioliasis; feces; isolation and purification; male; parasite identification; parasitology; prevalence; retrospective study; sensitivity and specificity; slaughterhouse; Abattoirs; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Fasciola; Fascioliasis; Feces; Male; Parasite Egg Count; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77958464771	Biochemical evaluation of serum metabolites, Enzymes and haematological indices of broilerchicks fed with varying levels of rumen epithelial scraps in place of fish meal proteins	Alikwe P.C.N., Faremi A.Y., Egwaikhide P.A.	2010	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	9	6	None	Department of Chemical Sciences, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria	Alikwe, P.C.N., Department of Chemical Sciences, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria; Faremi, A.Y., Department of Chemical Sciences, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria; Egwaikhide, P.A., Department of Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria	The effect of various inclusion of rumen epithelial scraps as substitute for fish meal proteins on the feed intake, nitrogen retention, serum metabolites, enzymes and haematological parameters in broiler-chicks in their finisher phase were examined. Five set of meal with 0%, 25%, 50%,75% and 100% inclusion of rumen epithelial scraps as substitute for fish meal proteins were formulated. 100 day old chicks were fed a nutritionally sound starter mash for four weeks after which they were randomly divided into five groups and placed on the various formulated diets. The feed intake and the weight gain in each group was measured for the following twenty one days after which the birds were sacrificed. Nitrogen retention, serum proteins, liver enzyme activities and haematological evaluation were carried out. The feed intake, nitrogen retention and the weight gain in broiler-chicks fed 75% and 100% RES inclusion diet were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of broiler-chicks fed 0%, 25% and 50%RES inclusion diet. The albumin/globulin ratio in broiler-chicks fed 100%RES inclusion diet was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of broiler-chicks in other groups. Mean cell heamoglobin (MCH), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean cell volume(MCV) in broiler-chicks fed 0%, 25% and 75% RES inclusion diet were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of broiler-chicks fed 50% and 100% RES inclusion diet. However neutrophils of broiler-chicks fed 0%, 25% and 50% RES inclusion diets were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of 75% and 100% RES inclusion diets. The pack cell volume(PCV), haemoglobin concentration(HBC), white blood cell(WBC), lymphocytes and monocytes compared favourably in all the groups. The liver alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase acivities in all the groups examined compared favourably. We infer that the 25% and 50% RES inclusion as substitute for fish meal protein could be employed to maintain the quality of the broiler-chicks while minimizing the high cost of whole fish meal since RES is an abattoir by-product that is available locally.	Abattoir; Broiler-chicks; Diet; Fish meal; Rumen epithelial scrap	Aves	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84891818187	Major causes of organ condemnation for cattle and its financial impact at Wolaita Soddo municipality abattoir, southern Ethiopia	Abunna F., Hordofa D.	2013	Global Veterinaria	11	6	10.5829/idosi.gv.2013.11.6.8142	Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Departement of Clinical Studies, P.O. Box, 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia; Hawassa University, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box, 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Abunna, F., Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Departement of Clinical Studies, P.O. Box, 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia; Hordofa, D., Hawassa University, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box, 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia	Abattoirs provide information on the epidemiology of the diseases in livestock, in order to know the extent of the exposure of the public to certain zoonotic diseases and to estimate the financial losses incurred through condemnation of affected organs. Tracing the records of the slaughter houses from November 2010 to February 2011 was done at Wolaita Soddo Municipal abattoir to determine the causes of organ condemnation and associated financial loss. Out of 953 cattle examined 378 (39.68%) livers, 244 (25.61%) lungs, 39 (4.09%) hearts, 30 (3.15%) kidneys and 14 (1.47%) spleens were condemned. The major causes of condemnation were fasciolosis (61.1%) and hydatidosis (12.17%) for liver; hydatid diseases (62.3%) and emphysema (8.61%) for lungs; unknown causes (33.33%), pericarditis (23.08%) and hydatid cyst (23.08%) for heart; unknown causes (26.67%) and calcification (23.33%) for kidneys and hydatidosis (64.29%) for spleen. Rate of condemnations due to parasitic causes was higher in the liver (29.07%) than in the lungs (15.95%). Parasitic diseases particularly fasciolosis and hydatidosis were the major causes of economic loss through condemnation of affected organs. The total annual economic loss incurred due to organs condemnation at the study area was estimated to be 24,340 ETB (24323.49 USD). The current result suggests that a thorough investigation that leads to disease control strategy is required to reduce the economic and public health consequences. © IDOSI Publications, 2013.	Abattoir; Cattle; Ethiopia; Organ condemnation; Wolaita soddo	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79954579971	Characterization of wastewater from an Abattoir in Rwanda and the impact on downstream water quality	Muhirwa D., Nhapi I., Wali U.G., Banadda N., Kashaigili J.J., Kimwaga R.	2010	International Journal of Ecology and Development	16	S10	None	Faculty of Applied Sciences, National University of Rwanda, Box 117, Butare, Rwanda; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Uganda Industrial Research Institute, P.O. Box 7086, Kampala, Uganda; Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Box 3003 Morogoro, Tanzania; University of Dar Es Salaam, Box 35131, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania	Muhirwa, D., Faculty of Applied Sciences, National University of Rwanda, Box 117, Butare, Rwanda; Nhapi, I., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Wali, U.G., Faculty of Applied Sciences, National University of Rwanda, Box 117, Butare, Rwanda; Banadda, N., Uganda Industrial Research Institute, P.O. Box 7086, Kampala, Uganda; Kashaigili, J.J., Faculty of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Box 3003 Morogoro, Tanzania; Kimwaga, R., University of Dar Es Salaam, Box 35131, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania	This study analyzed processes and products at Nyabugogo Abattoir in Kigali, Rwanda, and investigated how they can be optimized for environmental safety. The average capacity of the abattoir is 566 cattle and 1,512 goats and sheep slaughtered per week. The study assessed the quantity and quality of different raw materials, by-products and wastewater streams and the potential impacts of applying cleaner production principles in abattoir processes. The samples were collected fortnightly, and analyzed using Standard Methods. The analysis emphasized on nutrients, biologically active constituents, and receiving water impacts. The data were processed for trends and variance using SPSS computer package. The wastewater parameters analyzed are temperature, salinity, conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen pH, TSS, TDS, BOD5, COD, fat oils and grease, NO3-N, TKN, total phosphorus, chloride, calcium and total coliforms. The findings showed that the abattoir wastewater streams' total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) ranged from (7,533±723) for evisceration to (23,778±1,673) mgl-1 from slaughtering step and the discharge into Mpazi River increased its TCOD from (213±29) to (852±94) mgl-1. The TSS varied between 2,452±51 from the slaughter process and 5,252±174 mgl-1 for the effluent from the goat and sheep slaughter section. Results from the bacteriological analysis showed that the average abattoir wastewater discharge count was (560±81)105 cfu/100ml of total coliforms which increased from (2.8±0.58)105 to (8.2±0.86)105 cfu/100 ml. It was concluded that the current effluent quality is not suitable for discharge into watercourses. It was recommended that further treatment of the effluent is required coupled with the application of cleaner production principles. © 2010 IJED (CESER Publications).	Abattoir effluent; Cleaner production; Rwanda; Sustainability; Wastewater management	Bos; Capra hircus; Ovis aries	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745088390	The impact of extrinsic sources on selected indicator organisms in a typical deboning room	Shale K., Jacoby A., Plaatjies Z.	2006	International Journal of Environmental Health Research	16	4	10.1080/09603120600734162	School for Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; School for Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, CUT, P/Bag X20539, Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Shale, K., School for Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa, School for Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, CUT, P/Bag X20539, Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa; Jacoby, A., School for Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Plaatjies, Z., School for Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Meat is a highly perishable product and the microbiological safety thereof is an extremely important issue for both the consumer and the meat industry. In this study, samples were randomly collected from various working surfaces, from raw meat and from the air in the deboning room of a high throughput red meat abattoir. The samples were analysed for the presence of total staphylococci counts as well as for total viable counts. The mean staphylococci counts from working surfaces were 19 CFU · cm -2 , and the staphylococci levels for the meat samples were well below the proposed maximum limit of 100 CFU · g -1 . Maximum staphylococcal bioaerosol counts of 10 CFU · m -3 were also enumerated. Total viable counts from the workers' hands and working surfaces were high compared to the staphylococcal levels. Twelve staphylococci species were identified from the samples used in this study. Recontamination during the deboning process was identified as the major source of contamination, suggesting proper implementation of quality processing practices within the abattoir environment. © 2006 Taylor & Francis.	Abattoirs; Bioaerosols; Deboning room; Red meat; Staphylococcus; Surfaces; Total viable counts	bacterium; food safety; meat; article; bacterial count; bacterial strain; bacterium contamination; human; indicator organism; meat; meat industry; nonhuman; quality control; sample; Staphylococcus; work environment; Abattoirs; Animals; Bacteria; Colony Count, Microbial; Consumer Product Safety; Food Microbiology; Food-Processing Industry; Hygiene; Meat Products; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349619389	Impact of abattoir wastes based on some physicochemical parameters on Woji Creek, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Emeka U.J., Braide S.A., Chindah A.C.	2009	Management of Environmental Quality	20	5	10.1108/14777830910981249	Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Nigeria; Institute of Pollution Studies, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P	Emeka, U.J., Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Geosciences and Space Technology, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Nigeria; Braide, S.A., Institute of Pollution Studies, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Nigeria; Chindah, A.C., Institute of Pollution Studies, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Nigeria	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the environmental and health impacts of abattoir wastes due to unhygienic disposal methods and inadequate slaughtering facilities as it affects some physicochemical and bacteriological parameters of Woji Creek and its environs. Design/methodology/approach - The study involved the choice of five sampling stations for two different seasons: wet and dry. Standard methods were adopted for field and laboratory studies. Findings - Water samples from station 2 (discharge point station) showed higher concentrations of turbidity, phosphate, biochemical oxygen demand, faecal coliform count for both dry and wet seasons, while dissolved oxygen values were lower at this station than in the other study stations. Water samples were slightly acidic (6.49-6.70) for the five stations sampled during the study period. At the upstream station, the water had lower levels of turbidity, temperature, phosphate, nitrate, biochemical oxygen demand, faecal coliform count, but the values increased downstream after the discharge point station showing the impact of the abattoir effluents. The results further revealed seasonal influence on the parameters with higher values recorded during the dry season for conductivity, salinity, turbidity, phosphate, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, faecal coliform counts, temperature, total dissolved solids. This is because during the wet season the increased volume of water apparently diluted the concentration of abattoir wastes. Practical implications - The work was carried out in order to establish the existing levels of the measured parameters and assess the pollution profile of the Creek as a result of abattoir operations. Originality/value - This is the first time a holistic research has been conducted on Woji Creek. The paper has provided data and knowledge on which further research can be carried out to monitor changes in water quality caused by the activities of the abattoir operators. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Abattoirs; Nigeria; River pollution; Wastes	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646800816	Modelling natural conditions and impacts of consumptive water use and sedimentation of Lake Abaya and Lake Chamo, Ethiopia	Awulachew S.B.	2006	Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management	11	2	10.1111/j.1440-1770.2006.00293.x	International Water Management Institute, PO Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Awulachew, S.B., International Water Management Institute, PO Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	There is few available information regarding the water resource systems of Abaya Lake and Chamo Lake, which are found in the Southern Rift Valley Region of Ethiopia. This paper describes modelling of the water balance components of these lakes, as well as the impacts of water uses, and sediment transport and deposition in the lakes. The various parameters and data needed for the water balance model are derived on the basis of various surveys, analysis of data and modelling efforts. The watershed characteristics are derived using geographical information system, whereas the morphometry of the lakes is investigated by undertaking bathymetry surveys. The hydrometeorological components of this lake system also were investigated through the development of relevant database and information systems, by identifying regional relationships, and by a rainfall-run-off model. These information systems have subsequently been integrated to model the water balance of the two lakes, and simulating the in-lake water levels. Several scenarios reflecting the natural conditions, water consumptive development possibilities, and sedimentation impacts have been investigated in this study. Based on the model simulation results, and on the computation of the life expectancies of the two lakes, it was found that sediment inflow and deposition significantly threaten their existence. © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.	Abaya Lake; Chamo Lake; Ethiopia; GIS; Lifeexpectancy; Model; Sedimentation; Water balance	GIS; hydrometeorology; lake water; modeling; sedimentation; water budget; water use; Africa; East Africa; Ethiopia; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79956159784	Comparative evaluation of ectoparasiticide efficacy: Non-inferiority and superiority assessment	Schall R., Luus H.G.	2011	Veterinary Parasitology	178	42371	10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.12.028	Department of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science (IB75), University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; ClinVet International (Pty) Ltd, PO Box 11186, Bloemfontein 9321, South Africa	Schall, R., Department of Mathematical Statistics and Actuarial Science (IB75), University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Luus, H.G., ClinVet International (Pty) Ltd, PO Box 11186, Bloemfontein 9321, South Africa	We present a statistical framework for the comparative evaluation of ectoparasiticide efficacy in controlled animal studies. Such a comparative evaluation can have one of two objectives: an assessment of non-inferiority of a test parasiticide to a reference parasiticide, or an assessment of superiority of one treatment over another. We show that the observed efficacy of an ectoparasiticide can be viewed as a point estimate of its conditional " kill" probability. Thus concepts used in the comparative evaluation of human antibiotics, which involve the comparison of cure probabilities, can be applied to the situation of comparing parasiticide efficacy. In particular, we define non-inferiority of a test parasiticide to a reference parasiticide in terms of the " test - reference" difference of their efficacies. We outline the hypothesis testing framework and associated statistical decision rules for declaring either non-inferiority or superiority. Both non-inferiority and superiority can be evaluated statistically using confidence intervals. SAS and R code for data analysis is presented, and the methodology is applied to a data set from a controlled animal study. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.	Abbott's formula; Ectoparasiticides; Efficacy; Generalized linear model; Non-inferiority trial; Over-dispersion; Superiority trial	antiparasitic agent; article; controlled study; intermethod comparison; mathematical analysis; nonhuman; outcome assessment; probability; statistical analysis; treatment indication; treatment response; Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Insecticides; Models, Biological; Models, Statistical; Research Design; Animalia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896332310	Effects of nutrient density and photoperiod on the performance and abdominal fat of broilers	Oyedeji J.O., Atteh J.O.	2005	International Journal of Poultry Science	4	3	10.3923/ijps.2005.149.152	Department of Agriculture, Benson Idahosa University, P. M. B. 1100, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Department of Animal Production,University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	Oyedeji, J.O., Department of Agriculture, Benson Idahosa University, P. M. B. 1100, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria; Atteh, J.O., Department of Animal Production,University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria	The study investigated the effects of photoperiod and nutrient density on the performance and abdominal fat of broilers. Treatments consisted of a factorial arrangement of two diets containing 3200kcal/kg ME and 23% Protein and 2800kcal/kg ME and 18% Protein administered to broilers under either 12hour light per day, 8hour light per day or 6 hour light per day for 8 weeks. Results at market age showed that no significant interactions existed between nutrient density and photoperiod for feed intake, body weight gain and feed gain ratio (P > 0.05, P > 0.01). Also no significant interactions existed between factors for protein retention, fat utilization, available fibre, abdominal fat and cost to benefit ratio (P > 0.05, P > 0.01). Broilers subjected to low nutrient density diets experienced reduction in body weight gain and poorer feed to gain ratio (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was significant reduction in feed intake and abdominal fat of broilers exposed to only 6 hours of light per day as against the usual 12 hours of light per day (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). It was concluded that no meaningful interactions existed between nutrient density and photoperiod with respect to broilers performance. However, reducing photoperiod to 6 hours per day could be used as a tool for reducing abdominal fat hence, reducing sudden death syndrome and upgrading carcass quality of broilers. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2005.	Abdominal fat; Feed gain ratio; Feed intake; Nutrient density; Photoperiod; Weight gain	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-76349120879	Underutilization of vaginal hysterectomy and its impact on residency training	Ocheke A.N., Ekwempu C.C., Musa J.	2009	West African Journal of Medicine	28	5	None	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, P MB 2076, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	Ocheke, A.N., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, P MB 2076, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Ekwempu, C.C., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, P MB 2076, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria; Musa, J., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, P MB 2076, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria	BACKGROUND: The advantages of vaginal hysterectomy over abdominal hysterectomy include lower morbidity, shorter hospital stay, and reduced cost to the patient. It is, therefore, important to pass the required skill for vaginal hysterectomy unto trainees. OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of vaginal hysterectomies done in a residency training institution in Nigeria and its possible impact on the proficiency of future gynaecologists in performing the procedure. METHODS : A chart review was done on all documented cases of hysterectomies for benign gynaecological conditions done in Jos University Teaching Hospital, over a four-year period (January 2002 to December 2005). Case files of patients who had hysterectomy during the study period were retrieved and the relevant information obtained for analysis of frequencies and percentages. RESULTS: A total of 94 hysterectomies for benign gynaecological conditions were done during the study period. Nine (∼10%) vaginal hysterectomies were done. All the vaginal hysterectomies performed were for uterovaginal prolapse by consultants. However, 45 (53%) of the abdominal hysterectomies were performed by consultants and 40 (47%) by residents. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that residents' exposure and training on the act of vaginal hysterectomy is inadequate. This has potential implications on future gynaecologist proficiency to perform this method of surgery that has documented advantages and better outcome for patients.	Abdominal hysterectomy; Hysterectomy; Nigeria; Residency training; Vaginal hysterectomy	abdominal hysterectomy; adult; article; benign tumor; bladder injury; female; fistula; human; intermethod comparison; medical record review; medical student; Nigeria; outcome assessment; patient information; professional competence; residency education; surgical approach; thrombophlebitis; ureter injury; urinary tract infection; uterus prolapse; vaginal hysterectomy; wound infection; Adult; Female; Gynecology; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Hysterectomy; Hysterectomy, Vaginal; Internship and Residency; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Physician's Practice Patterns; Retrospective Studies	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876133239	Evaluation of 15 varieties of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) moench to field infestation by flea beetles (Podagrica spp.)	Mohammed I.G., Osipitan A.A., Pitan O.R., Atayese M.	2013	African Entomology	21	1	10.4001/003.021.0120	Pest Management Technology Department, Niger State College of Agriculture, Mokwa, Niger State, Nigeria; Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Plant Physiology and Crop Production, Un	Mohammed, I.G., Pest Management Technology Department, Niger State College of Agriculture, Mokwa, Niger State, Nigeria; Osipitan, A.A., Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Pitan, O.R., Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Atayese, M., Department of Plant Physiology and Crop Production, University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	The study evaluated 15 okra varieties to field infestation by flea beetles, Podagrica spp., in the early and late planting seasons of 2009, at the Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria (7°15′N 3°25′E), located in a sub-humid zone. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design, with three replicates. The main plot consisted of spraying regime (sprayed and unsprayed) while the sub-plot consisted of 15 okra varieties: V-35, V2-Oyo, V45-2, NH99/28, NH99/DA NH88/1-8-16-2, Enugu1, Osadep:purple Tall, LD88/1-8-5-2, LD88/1-8-16-2, Ola99/13, Ola3 Local, Olak2005, Short Mouth and Dajofolowo1. Lambda-cyhalothrin was sprayed to the appropriate plots weekly. The results showed that in both early and late seasons, sprayed okra had significantly (P < 0.05) lower number of flea beetles, lower leaf damage per plant, lower number of holes per leaf, wider stem girth, higher total plant dry biomass, higher number of pods compared with unsprayed okra. The sprayed okra had significantly (P < 0.05) higher shoot dry biomass, higher root dry weight, higher total plant dry biomass, wider pods and higher pod weight in the early planting season compared with the late season. Varieties with leaf pubescence, namely NH99/DA, V-35 and Dajofolowo1, had the lowest flea beetle population, leaf damage per plant and number of holes per leaf compared to glaborous varieties. Likewise, the okra varieties NH99/28, V-35 and Dajofolowo1 which have thorny pods had no pod damage at all in both early and late planting seasons. LD88/1-8-5-2 had the highest number of pods per plant, whereas okra variety Ola99/13 had significantly (P < 0.05) higher pod weight during early planting. There was no significant difference in okra pods weight in all varieties evaluated in the late planting season.	Abelmoschus esculentus; planting season; Podagrica spp.; spraying regime	Abelmoschus; Abelmoschus esculentus; Alticini; Coleoptera; Podagrica; Siphonaptera (fleas)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875788538	Evaluation of growth performance of Abergele goats under traditional management systems in Sekota district, Ethiopia	Deribe B., Taye M.	2013	Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences	16	14	10.3923/pjbs.2013.692.696	Sirinka Agricultural Research Center, P O Box 74, Woldia, Ethiopia; Bahir Dar University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, P O Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Deribe, B., Sirinka Agricultural Research Center, P O Box 74, Woldia, Ethiopia; Taye, M., Bahir Dar University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, P O Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	The study was conducted at Abergele in the semi arid parts of Sekota district to evaluate growth performance of Abergele goats managed under traditional management systems. Data on growth and growth rates were collected from 724 kids for two years. The least squares mean birth, three months, six months and yearling weight of kids obtained were 1.91±0.04, 6.84±0.19, 9.13±0.31 and 16.42±1.20 kg, respectively. Parity of doe and birth type of kid significantly affected birth weight and three months weight while sex of kid and season of birth of kid affected birth, three months, six months and yearling weight consistently. Kids from first parity does were lighter at birth, three months and six months of age than kids from higher parity does. Twin born kids were lower in weight at birth and three months of ages than their single born counterparts. Female kids and kids born during the dry season had lower weight at all ages considered. The least squares mean pre-weaning and post-weaning growth rates obtained were 53.4±2.30 and 29.3±4.32 g day-1, respectively. Parity of doe, type of birth and season birth of kid affected pre-weaning growth rate. Kids from first parity does, twin born kids and kids born during the dry season had lower growth rate. The significant effect of fixed factors needs to be considered in an effort to improve productivity of goats in the study areas. © 2013 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Abergele goat; Birth weight; Growth rate; Sekota; Traditional management	animal; article; birth weight; body weight; Ethiopia; female; goat; growth, development and aging; male; newborn; physiology; pregnancy; season; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Birth Weight; Body Weight; Ethiopia; Female; Goats; Male; Pregnancy; Seasons; Capra hircus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646256911	Effect of vetch (Vicia sativa) hay supplementation on performance of Begait and Abergelle goats in northern Ethiopia. I. Milk yield and composition	Berhane G., Eik L.O.	2006	Small Ruminant Research	64	3	10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.04.021	Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway	Berhane, G., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Eik, L.O., Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Aas, Norway	The objectives of this work were to study and compare the effect of vetch hay supplementation on milk yield of indigenous Begait and Abergelle goats, managed under semi-extensive conditions in the lowlands of northern Ethiopia, and to compare milk yield and composition of the two breeds. Eleven 7-8-month-old goats from each breed were randomly assigned to each of the four levels of vetch hay supplementation at 0% BW (Treatment 1), 0.5% BW (Treatment 2), 1.0% BW (Treatment 3) and 1.5% BW (Treatment 4). Goats were grazed during daytime and milked in the evening only. Kids were allowed to suck their dams during the night up to 90 days and then weaned. Milk yield and lactation length increased gradually and almost linearly by increasing level of supplementation, while fat percentage and total solids percentage declined. Differences (P < 0.05) in average daily milk yield were found between Treatments 1 and 4 for both goat breeds in both years. Milk yield was significantly higher, but fat and SNF contents were lower for Begait than for Abergelle goats. When calculated as energy corrected milk (ECM)/kg metabolic BW, no breed differences were found. There were no significant differences for calcium and phosphorus contents in milk between the breeds. It is concluded that vetch hay supplementation increased milk yield by up to 50%, but decreased percent fat and total solids in the milk of both Begait and Abergelle goats. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Abergelle; Begait; Goats; Milk; Vetch hay	Capra hircus; Vicia; Vicia sativa; Vicia sativa subsp. nigra	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84905190672	Burial and thermal history modeling and petroleum potential evaluation of the northwestern Niger Delta, Nigeria [Modelação da evolução térmica e do soterramento e avaliação do potencial petrolífero do noroeste do Delta do Níger, Nigéria]	Ojo O.J., Akpabio I., Frielingsdorf J.	2012	Comunicacoes Geologicas	99	2	None	Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Physics, University of Uyo, Nigeria; Shell Petroleum Development Company, PortHarcourt, Nigeria	Ojo, O.J., Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria; Akpabio, I., Department of Physics, University of Uyo, Nigeria; Frielingsdorf, J., Shell Petroleum Development Company, PortHarcourt, Nigeria	One of the major hydrocarbon exploration risks or constraints in the Niger Delta is the complex nature of the petroleum systems, as there is lack of geochemical data from deeper and older potential strata. In this study, 1D models of burial and thermal histories were constructed from stratigraphic and well-log data in order to assess the petroleum potential of part of the northwestern Niger Delta basin using Cauldron and PetroMod software. The thermal maturation of the source rock intervals was reconstructed based on crustal thinning during rift, break up, and drift during the Lower and Upper Cretaceous. Bottom-hole temperature data were used to estimate present-day subsurface temperature. Results show that the Eocene and Paleocene source rocks attained sufficient thermal maturities to contribute oil and gas into the Oligocene and Miocene clastic reservoirs. In Operation Mining License (OML) 1 and 40, the Paleocene, which is overmature (modeled Ro% ranges from 0.9 to 3 Ro %) at present, entered the oil window and expelled most of its oil during late Eocene. In the present day, it could be expelling minor volumes of dry gas. The Eocene source rock intervals appear to be the most active at present, having entered the oil window during Oligocene and attained present-day maturities in the range of 0.62 to 0.90 Ro% in most of the wells. However, in OML 38, with relatively higher sedimentation rates, the Paleocene source rocks are presently at the peak of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion whereas the Eocene source rocks in most of the wells are barely mature. The Oligocene intervals in the wells studied are not mature according to modeled vitrinite reflectance ranging from 0.4 to 0.52R% at present day. At present time, average cumulative oil generated and expelled from Paleocene source rocks in OML 1 and 40 are 98,000 kg/m2 and 77,500 kg/m2, respectively. The Eocene source rocks stand at 73,000 kg/m2 and 35,000 kg/m2, respectively. In OML 38, average cumulative oil generated from Paleocene and Eocene source rocks are 95,000 and 51,000 kg/m2, respectively. Only 76% and 1.9% of the generated hydrocarbon have been expelled, respectively. It is only from the Paleocene interval of Abiala 1 (OML 40) that a substantial amount of gas (65,000 kg/m2) has been generated. © 2012 LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Geologia e Energia IP.	Abiala; Heat flow; Hydrocarbon; Maturation; Paleocene; Source rock	burial (geology); computer simulation; crustal thinning; gas field; heat flow; hydrocarbon exploration; hydrocarbon reservoir; Paleocene-Eocene boundary; potential flow; sedimentation rate; software; source rock; thermal maturity; Niger Delta; Nigeria	None
None	None	Maize production in a changing climate. impacts, adaptation, and mitigation strategies	Cairns J.E., Sonder K., Zaidi P.H., Verhulst N., Mahuku G., Babu R., Nair S.K., Das B., Govaerts B., Vinayan M.T., Rashid Z., Noor J.J., Devi P., San Vicente F., Prasanna B.M.	2012	Advances in Agronomy	114	None	10.1016/B978-0-12-394275-3.00006-7	International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya	Cairns, J.E., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Sonder, K., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Zaidi, P.H., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Verhulst, N., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Mahuku, G., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Babu, R., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Nair, S.K., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Das, B., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya; Govaerts, B., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Vinayan, M.T., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Rashid, Z., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Noor, J.J., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; Devi, P., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Hyderabad, India; San Vicente, F., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico; Prasanna, B.M., International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya	Plant breeding and improved management options have made remarkable progress in increasing crop yields during the past century. However, climate change projections suggest that large yield losses will be occurring in many regions, particularly within sub-Saharan Africa. The development of climate-ready germplasm to offset these losses is of the upmost importance. Given the time lag between the development of improved germplasm and adoption in farmers' fields, the development of improved breeding pipelines needs to be a high priority. Recent advances in molecular breeding provide powerful tools to accelerate breeding gains and dissect stress adaptation. This review focuses on achievements in stress tolerance breeding and physiology and presents future tools for quick and efficient germplasm development. Sustainable agronomic and resource management practices can effectively contribute to climate change mitigation. Management options to increase maize system resilience to climate-related stresses and mitigate the effects of future climate change are also discussed. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.	Abiotic stress; Adaptation; Biotic stress; Climate change; Climate projections; Maize; Mitigation; Sub-Saharan Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902578770	Predicting the impact of climate change on regional and seasonal abundance of the mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) using temperature-driven phenology model linked to GIS	Fand B.B., Tonnang H.E.Z., Kumar M., Bal S.K., Singh N.P., Rao D.V.K.N., Kamble A.L., Nangare D.D., Minhas P.S.	2014	Ecological Modelling	288	None	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.05.018	National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772 00100, Nairobi, Kenya	Fand, B.B., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Tonnang, H.E.Z., International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772 00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Kumar, M., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Bal, S.K., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Singh, N.P., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Rao, D.V.K.N., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Kamble, A.L., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Nangare, D.D., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India; Minhas, P.S., National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Indian Council of Agricultural Research Malegaon, Baramati, Pune 413 115, Maharashtra, India	The mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a highly invasive and polyphagous pest of global incidence. The fundamental hypothesis of the present study was that the temperature variations due to global climate change may affect seriously the future distribution and abundance of P. solenopsis, which might further aggravate the crop yield losses. We employed a temperature-based phenology model of P. solenopsis in a geographic information system for mapping population growth potentials of P. solenopsis. The three risk indices viz., establishment risk index, generation index and activity index were computed using interpolated temperature data from worldclim database for current (2000) and future (2050) climatic conditions. The daily minimum and maximum temperature data from four selected weather stations in India were used for analysing within-year variation of pest population. A linear relationship was established between the activity indices and yield losses at various locations reported in literatures for predicting the future trend of yield loss due to climate change. The results revealed that, under current temperature conditions P. solenopsis can complete >4.0 generations per year on ~80% of the global cotton production areas. Economic losses are likely to occur in areas where at least 8.0 generations can develop in a year; under current climate ~40% areas fall under this category. The increased geographical suitability at higher latitudes in cotton production areas, additional 2.0 generations per year, and 4.0 fold increase of population abundance of P. solenopsis are expected in tropical and sub-tropical cotton areas of Brazil, South Africa, Pakistan and India due to predicted climate change. Analysis of within year population increase at various selected locations in India revealed that, P. solenopsis attained maximum potential population increase during the major cotton growing season (May-June to October-November). On the other hand, the innate ability of P. solenopsis population to increase reduced considerably during off season and cooler winter months. The increased pest activity of P. solenopsis due to climate change may intensify the losses in cotton yield, with forecasted losses in India to increase from existing losses of million US$ 1217.10 to future losses of million US$ 1764.85 by the year 2050. Here, we illustrate the possible impact of climate change on future P. solenopsis exacerbation based on temperature-driven population studies, which will help in undertaking agro-ecoregion specific management strategies. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Abiotic stresses; Climate adaptation planning; Invasive pests; Pest forecasting models; Policy measures; Risk mapping	Biology; Climate change; Climate models; Cotton; Cultivation; Forecasting; Forestry; Geographic information systems; Losses; Mapping; Risk assessment; Abiotic stress; Forecasting models; Invasive pests; Policy measures; Risk mappings; Population statistics; climate change; climate conditions; ecological modeling; GIS; growing season; insect; invasive species; phenology; plant-herbivore interaction; policy making; prediction; temperature effect; yield response; Brazil; South Africa; South Asia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84867746492	Evaluation of abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic potato plants with reduced expression of PSII manganese stabilizing protein	Gururani M.A., Upadhyaya C.P., Strasser R.J., Yu J.W., Park S.W.	2013	Plant Science	198	None	10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.09.014	Department of Molecular Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chattisgarh, India; Bioenergetics Laboratory, University of Geneva, CH-1254 Jussy/Geneva, Switzerland; Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; North West University of South Africa, South Africa	Gururani, M.A., Department of Molecular Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Upadhyaya, C.P., Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, Chattisgarh, India; Strasser, R.J., Bioenergetics Laboratory, University of Geneva, CH-1254 Jussy/Geneva, Switzerland, Weed Research Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China, North West University of South Africa, South Africa; Yu, J.W., Department of Molecular Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea; Park, S.W., Department of Molecular Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea	Manganese stabilizing protein (MSP) is an important component of the Photosystem II (PSII) oxygen evolving complex. In our previous work, transgenic potato plants with reduced expression of MSP (MSP-As) were developed and their physiological and biochemical responses were studied. In this report, we address the response of MSP-As plants toward salinity, heavy metal and osmotic stresses. MSP-As plants treated with NaCl, ZnCl2 or mannitol solution showed significant level of tolerance under all the stress conditions. Specific enzyme activities of major ROS-scavenging enzymes were found significantly higher in MSP-As plants than the control plants. MSP-As plants accumulated increased levels of proline and low molecular weight metabolites such as ascorbate and α-tocopherol, which indicated that these plants were much more resistant to stress compared to the corresponding control plants. The primary photochemical efficiencies and the OJIP kinetics analyses further confirmed that MSP-As plants were in better optimal health under stress compared to the control plants. Although the exact reason behind the increased stress tolerance in stressed MSP-As plants is unclear, our results strongly indicate the role of MSP of unknown function in abiotic stress tolerance. © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Abiotic stress; Manganese stabilizing protein; Oxygen evolving complex; Performance index; Photosystem II; Solanum tuberosum	chloride; heavy metal; mannitol; photosystem II manganese stabilizing protein; photosystem II manganese-stabilizing protein; reactive oxygen metabolite; sodium chloride; zinc chloride; zinc derivative; adaptation; article; comparative study; gene expression regulation; genetic variability; genetics; genotype; metabolism; osmotic pressure; photosystem II; physiological stress; physiology; plant gene; potato; salinity; transgenic plant; Adaptation, Physiological; Chlorides; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, Plant; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Mannitol; Metals, Heavy; Osmotic Pressure; Photosystem II Protein Complex; Plants, Genetically Modified; Reactive Oxygen Species; Salinity; Sodium Chloride; Solanum tuberosum; Stress, Physiological; Zinc Compounds; Solanum tuberosum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870504997	The impact of socially responsible investment index constituent announcements on firm price: Evidence from the JSE	Gladysek O., Chipeta C.	2012	South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences	15	4	None	School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	Gladysek, O., School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Chipeta, C., School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa	This paper examines whether Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) Index constituent announcements have any impact on the returns of firms listing on the JSE SRI Index. The event study methodology is utilised to estimate abnormal returns for the firms included in the Index. The results indicate insignificant average abnormal returns (AARs) for the years 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009, suggesting no significant shareholder gains over the entire event window. However, the year 2005 is associated with positive and significant abnormal returns. Post announcement cumulative average abnormal returns (CAARs) are positive for the years 2005 and 2007. However, the year 2008 exhibited extreme swings in CAARs with a general declining trend in the latter part of the event window. These swings are attributed to the global financial crisis of 2008. Furthermore, the cumulative returns for the total sample show no clear outperformance of the SRI over the JSE All Share Index.	Abnormal returns; Event study; JSE; Socially responsible index	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-67649342384	Effects of refined petroleum product (kerosene) Flame and fumes on the performance of broiler chickens	Amakiri A.O., Owen O.J., Iboh I.I.	2009	International Journal of Poultry Science	8	2	10.3923/ijps.2009.188.191	Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	Amakiri, A.O., Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Owen, O.J., Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Iboh, I.I., Department of Animal Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria	An investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of refined petroleum product (kerosene) flame on body weight gains, feed intake, feed conversion, mortality and internal organ weights (liver, lungs, kidney and heart) of broiler chickens. One hundred and twenty day old broiler birds (Aboika breed) were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups of 30 birds per treatment, replicated thrice with 10 birds per replicate using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Kerosene flame in a designed burner was placed 4, 8 and 12 metres from the birds respectively, which represented treatments 1, 2 and 3 while treatment 4 was in another poultry house without flame. The birds were fed ad-libitum on a proprietary starters mash for 5 weeks and a broiler finisher mash for 3 weeks. Water was provided ad-libitum. Routine inoculations and other medications were administered when due. Burning was from 6.00 am-10.00 pm daily for 56 days. Results indicated that the distances (treatments) did not significantly (p>0.05) affect mortality and organ weights. However, the flame distance significantly (p<0.05) affected weekly feed conversion, body weight gains and feed consumption. This research was a simulation of what obtains in a gas field, where gas flaring is carried out close to poultry farms and also to determine the impact of using kerosene in lanterns and stoves for brooding day old chickens. © Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Aboika breed; Broiler chickens; Kerosene; Performance	Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858750618	Infecund evaluation of cycling female Sprague-Dawley rats: An aftermath treatment with Momordica charantia seed extract	Amah C.I., Yama O.E., Noronha C.C.	2012	Middle East Fertility Society Journal	17	1	10.1016/j.mefs.2011.08.003	Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Amah, C.I., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Yama, O.E., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria; Noronha, C.C., Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria	Introduction: Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) grows in tropical areas including parts of the Amazon, Africa, Asia and the Caribbean. It has an array of biologically active plant chemicals including triterpenes, proteins and steroids. Aim: The aim is to evaluate the effect of methanolic seed extract of M. charantia (MC) on ova count, implantation and the fetus of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methodology: Thirty adult cyclic female Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats divided into three groups (A, B and C) of 10 rats/group were used for the study. The female rats in Groups B and C were made pregnant by cohabiting with male S-D rats. In all the groups, MC extract was administered in the morning (9.00 a.m.) at a dose of 25 mg/100 g b.w./oral. In Group A, rats (in proestrous phase) were treated with a single dose and sacrificed the following day (estrous phase). Rats in Group B were fed once daily from day 1 to 10 of gestation and sacrificed on the 12th day. Rats in Group C were fed once daily from day 6 to 19 of gestation and sacrificed on the 20th day of gestation. The following were assessed: ova count, anti-implantation, early abortifacient properties and possible teratogenicity. Result: The extract completely suppressed the release of ova and exhibited highly significant anti-implantation activity. Significant (p < 0.05) changes were seen in the mean body weight, mean crown rump length and mean tail length of the fetuses. Conclusion: In conclusion, MC (25 mg/100 g b.w.) exhibited anti-ovulatory and anti-implantation (early abortifacient) properties. These are certainly desirable anti-fertility actions. It also resulted in prenatal growth deficiencies. © 2011 Middle East Fertility Society. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Abortifacient; Momordica charantia; Ova count; Sprague-Dawley	abortive agent; Momordica charantia extract; animal cell; animal experiment; article; body height; body weight; cell count; controlled study; dose response; drug effect; estrus; female; female infertility; fetus; fetus growth; gestation period; morning dosage; multiple cycle treatment; nonhuman; oocyte; plant seed; pregnancy outcome; proestrus; rat; Sprague Dawley rat; teratogenicity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33644510772	Evaluation of the abortifacient properties of chloroform extract of Carica papaya L. seed in female albino rats	Raji Y., Morakinyo A.O., Akinsomisoye O.S., Oloyo A.K., Esegbue-Peters P.R.C., Kunle-Alabi O.T.	2006	International Journal of Pharmacology	2	1	10.3923/ijp.2006.20.23	Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Olabisi On	Raji, Y., Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Morakinyo, A.O., Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Akinsomisoye, O.S., Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Oloyo, A.K., Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Esegbue-Peters, P.R.C., Department of Physiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ikenne, Nigeria; Kunle-Alabi, O.T., Department of Physiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ikenne, Nigeria	This study was carried out to investigate the impact of oral administration of chloroform extract of Carica papaya seed (CPE) on implantation and pregnancy in female albino rats. The study was divided into three experimental sections. Each section was subdivided into 4 groups treated, respectively with 25, 50 and 100 mg kg-1 b.w CPE and 2.5% tween 80 in normal saline (vehicle for CPE; control). Rats in section 1 were treated with CPE for two weeks before mating (pre-coital). Rats in section 2 were administered CPE from day 1 of pregnancy till term (post coital) while rats in section 3 received the extract for two weeks before mating and thereafter throughout term (pre and post-coital). Implantation sites and resorptions were determined in some of the pregnant rats after laparotomy. The gestation period, litter size and fetal weight were recorded in the remaining rats. The litters were also observed for any morphological alterations. The extract treated rats had significant decreases in litter size and implantation count (p&lt;0.01). The percentage resorptions increased in a dose dependent manner while the fetal weight and morphology remain unchanged when compared with the normal untreated control groups. The percentage resorptions were high in CPE treated rats when compared with the control group. None of the 100 mg kg-1 b.w CPE treated female rats had litters. The results suggest that the chloroform extract of Carica papaya seed has anti-implantation and abortifacient properties in female albino rats. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Abortion; Carica papaya seed; Implantation; Pregnancy	abortive agent; Carica papaya extract; chloroform; animal experiment; animal model; article; breeding; controlled study; dose response; embryo resorption; female; fetus; fetus weight; gestation period; herbal medicine; laparotomy; litter size; mating; morphology; nidation; nonhuman; papaya; plant seed; rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943513859	The impact of Ghana's R3M programme on the provision of safe abortions and postabortion care	Sundaram A., Juarez F., Ahiadeke C., Bankole A., Blades N.	2015	Health Policy and Planning	30	8	10.1093/heapol/czu105	Research Division, Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, United States; Centro de Estudios Demográfico, Urbanos y Ambientales, El Colegio de Méico, Mexico; Institute for Statistical, Social, and Economic Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Sundaram, A., Research Division, Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, United States; Juarez, F., Research Division, Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, United States, Centro de Estudios Demográfico, Urbanos y Ambientales, El Colegio de Méico, Mexico; Ahiadeke, C., Institute for Statistical, Social, and Economic Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; Bankole, A., Research Division, Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, United States; Blades, N., Research Division, Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, United States	In 2006, in response to the high maternal mortality, driven largely by unsafe abortions, the government of Ghana, in partnership with other organizations, launched the reducing maternal mortality and morbidity (R3M) programme in seven districts in Greater Accra, Ashanti and Eastern, to improve comprehensive abortion care services. This article examines whether this intervention made a difference to the provision of safe abortion services and postabortion care (PAC). We also examine the role played by provider attitudes and knowledge of the abortion law, on providers with clinical training in service provision. Primary data on health care providers in Ghana, collected using a quasi-experimental design, were analysed using propensity score weighting. Apart from the treatment group, the sample included two controls: (1) Districts in Accra, Ashanti and Eastern, not exposed to the treatment; and (2) Districts from distant Brong Ahafo, also not exposed to the treatment. The findings show that providers in the treatment group are nearly 16 times as likely to provide safe abortions compared with their peers in Brong Ahafo, and ∼2.5 times as likely compared with providers in the other control group. R3M providers were also different from their peers in providing PAC. Associations between provider attitudes and knowledge of the law on both outcomes were either non-significant or inconsistent including for providers with clinical knowledge of abortion provision. Provider confidence however is strongly associated with service provision. We conclude that the R3M programme is helping safe abortion provision, with the differences being greater with control groups that are geographically distant, perhaps owing to lower contamination from movement of providers between facilities. Increasing provider confidence is key to improving both safe abortion provision and PAC. © 2014 Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.	Abortion; Ghana; programme evaluation; propensity score analysis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247530793	Ten years hence - Has the South African choice on termination of Pregnant Act, Act 92 of 1996, realised its aims? A moral-critical evaluation	de Roubaix M.	2007	Medicine and Law	26	1	None	Centre for Applied Ethics, Department of Philosophy, University of Stellenbosch, West Cape, South Africa	de Roubaix, M., Centre for Applied Ethics, Department of Philosophy, University of Stellenbosch, West Cape, South Africa	The South African Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act (Act 92 of 1996) (CTOP) passed by parliament ten years ago, aims to promote female reproductive autonomy through legitimising free access to abortion up to 20 weeks' of gestation. The article critically evaluates CTOP and highlights three societal concerns: the effect of CTOP on the self-esteem of nurses who perform abortion; the effect on general societal morality, and its desirability. CTOP has enjoyed mixed success. On the plus side, it has furthered female reproductive autonomy, has decreased early pregnancy maternal mortality and has advanced non-racialism through equal access to safe abortion. On the minus side, it remains controversial; the majority of the population opposes abortion on request, predominantly based on religiously-informed intuitions on the value of ante-natal life. Officials and managers of public health care facilities are often obstructive, and TOP personnel victimised and socially stigmatised. An unacceptably high rate of unsafe abortion prevails, particularly in rural areas and amongst adolescents, but also in certain urban areas. The prime causes are inadequate public education, attitudinal problems, and lack of psychological support for TOP personnel, the segregation of ante-natal care and abortion services, inadequate training, research, communication and contraceptive services, absence of incentives for TOP personnel and "traditional" gender roles and male power-based domination in reproductive choices. Corrective measures include a goal directed educational programme and initiatives like value clarification workshops which have been effective in changing negative attitudes of participants, and may thus address stigmatisation, improve working conditions of TOP personnel, promote societal tolerance and acceptance, and informed consent. Of particular concern are the questions of informed consent, minors, promotion of counselling and contraceptive services (particularly for adolescents), conscientious objection and the protection of compliant (and non-compliant) personnel. ©YOZMOT 2007.	Abortion legislation; Adolescents; Birth control; Constitutional concerns; Education; Gender based domination; Minors; Pre-natal moral significance; Reproductive autonomy; Safe unsafe abortion; Self-esteem; Societal Morality; South Africa	abortion; article; birth control; contraception; fetal rights; first trimester pregnancy; gestational age; health care access; health care facility; health education; health promotion; human; illegal abortion; induced abortion; informed consent; maternal mortality; medicolegal aspect; morality; nurse attitude; patient attitude; patient autonomy; pregnancy termination; prenatal care; psychosocial care; public health; racism; religion; reproductive rights; right to life; self esteem; sex role; social desirability; social psychology; South Africa; Abortion, Legal; Female; Humans; Morals; Pregnancy; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888134062	Pervasive, long-lasting impact of historical logging on composition, diversity and above ground carbon stocks in Afrotemperate forest	Adie H., Rushworth I., Lawes M.J.	2013	Forest Ecology and Management	310	None	10.1016/j.foreco.2013.09.037	School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Ecological Advice Division, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, PO Box 13053, Cascades 3202, South Africa; Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia	Adie, H., School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Rushworth, I., Ecological Advice Division, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, PO Box 13053, Cascades 3202, South Africa; Lawes, M.J., Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia	Understanding the rate and extent of forest recovery from major disturbance events enable forest managers to establish conservation priorities and allocate limited resources for their management. We examined the extent to which Afrotemperate forest has recovered from widespread, stand-levelling logging that followed the European settlement of south eastern South Africa approximately 150years ago. We used plot-based tree census data to compare ecological characteristics (diversity, composition, structure) of primary, secondary and degraded Afrotemperate forests. Forests impacted by colonial logging events show no evidence of converging on the composition and above ground standing stock of old-growth forests. Primary forest canopies were dominated by two conifer species (Podocarpaceae) and a suite of long-lived pioneer angiosperms dominated the canopies of secondary forests. Old-growth canopy trees (≥20cmdbh) were taller (~26m vs ~16m) and had broader girths (~94cm vs ~54cm) compared with those in secondary forest. Canopy tree size differences translated to considerable (2 to 3-fold) differences in above ground carbon: we estimated that primary forest stores &gt;240MgCha-1 compared with the range of 80.7-114.3MgCha-1 estimated for the two secondary forests and 84.3MgCha-1 for the degraded forest. Measures of rarefied species richness and diversity (Shannon exponential) were markedly lower for primary forest canopy trees, consistent with the proposition that the composition of Afrotemperate forests converges on podocarp dominance at the old-growth stage. In contrast, diversity measures for small (2.5-10.0cmdbh) and medium (10.1-19.9cmdbh) trees were noticeably higher in secondary and degraded forests indicating the considerable conservation value of these formerly disturbed forests. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Above ground biomass; Degradation; Forest recovery; Podocarpaceae; Primary forest; Secondary forest	Above ground biomass; Forest recovery; Podocarpaceae; Primary forest; Secondary forests; Carbon; Conservation; Degradation; Population statistics; Recovery; Secondary recovery; Forestry; aboveground biomass; community composition; coniferous tree; environmental degradation; forest canopy; forest management; logging (timber); old-growth forest; secondary forest; species diversity; temperate forest; Biomass; Carbon; Conservation; Degradation; Forestry; Coniferophyta; Magnoliophyta; Podocarpaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84924807774	The Effects of Cathode Parameters on the Performance of Poly(2,5-Benzimidazole)-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell	Maiyalagan T., Pasupathi S., Pollet B.G.	2015	Electrocatalysis	6	2	10.1007/s12678-014-0228-8	HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa	Maiyalagan, T., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa; Pasupathi, S., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa; Pollet, B.G., HySA Systems Competence Centre, South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa	The effects of electrode parameters on membrane electrode assembly performance including Pt loading, hydrophobicity during heat treatment, catalyst layer thickness and the amount of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in the cathode are investigated. The fuel cell performance is maximized via catalyst utilization by optimizing the phosphoric acid content in the electrodes. Heat treatment of gas diffusion electrode results in an increase in hydrophobicity and a decrease in phosphoric acid content in the catalyst layer, which drastically affects the fuel cell performance. In our conditions, a maximum fuel cell performance of 270 mW cm−2 was achieved at 160 °C with air using 1 mg Pt cm−2 total catalyst loading (20 % PTFE). The fuel cell performance and the poisoning effect of carbon monoxide in poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI)-membrane-based high-temperature membrane electrode assemblies were investigated with respect to carbon monoxide concentrations. Fuel cell performance of Pt alloys (Pt-Cu/C, Pt-Fe/C, Pt-Ni/C) is compared with that of Pt/C at temperatures between 140 and 180 °C. It was observed that Pt-Cu/C alloy catalysts exhibit higher performance with lower catalyst loadings (0.4 mg Pt cm−2) than Pt/C catalyst. The performance of alloy catalysts follows the order of Pt-Cu/C &gt; Pt-Fe/C &gt; Pt-Ni/C &gt; Pt/C. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media New York.	ABPBI; Electrode performance; Gas diffusion electrode; HT-PEMFCs; Membrane electrode assembly; Phosphoric acid; Pt alloy catalysts	None	KP1-S01, DST, Department of Science and Technology, Republic of South Africa
Scopus	2-s2.0-28244439182	Determining milling performance of sorghum cultivars by means of abrasive decortication and roller milling techniques	van der Merwe M., Osthoff G., Pretorius A.J.	2005	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	22	4	None	Department of Physiology Nutrition and Consumer Science, University of North West, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Department of Microbial Biochemical and Food Technology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	van der Merwe, M., Department of Physiology Nutrition and Consumer Science, University of North West, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, ARC-Grain Crops Institute, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Osthoff, G., Department of Microbial Biochemical and Food Technology, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Pretorius, A.J., Department of Physiology Nutrition and Consumer Science, University of North West, Potchefstroom Campus, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa	Although roller milling has been successfully applied to produce sorghum meal, the South African sorghum milling industry mostly uses abrasive decortication milling. The first objective of this study was to develop a laboratory-scale roller milling technique for a scaled-down roller mill and determine the milling performance of sorghum cultivars, using canonical variate analysis. The second objective was to compare the suitability of abrasive decortication and roller milling techniques to determine milling performance of sorghum. Thirdly, cultivars better suited for roller milling and those, which milled more successfully with abrasive decortication milling, were identified. Grain samples of 24 sorghum cultivars produced during two seasons at three localities were milled with a Tangential Abrasive Dehulling Device and a roller mill consisting of two break rollers with different flute sizes. Canonical variate analysis was found to be a suitable procedure to analyse and predict the roller milling performance. Little variation in milling losses of different cultivars was found with roller milling, while more variation in losses was experienced between cultivars with abrasive decortication. Mean colour was highly acceptable and did not depend on the milling time in the case of roller milling samples. Cultivars PAN 8564, NS 5655, SNK 3337 and SNK 3863 displayed good milling quality when milled using both roller and abrasive decortication milling. Both abrasive decortication and roller milling techniques were found to be suitable for sorghum milling and the determination of milling performance.	Abrasive decortication; Milling performance; Roller milling; Sorghum cultivars	milling	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649598616	Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of extract of Abrus precatorious	Georgewill O.A., Georgewill U.O.	2009	Eastern Journal of Medicine	14	1	None	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria	Georgewill, O.A., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria; Georgewill, U.O., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria	The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract of Abrus precatorius was investigated. Inflammatory response was induced by topical application of croton oil dissolved in suitable vehicle on the rat ear. After 6 hrs, cutting out the ear quantitated the response. The cut ear is weighed and the increase in weight relative to controls evaluated. Extract of A. precatorius when co applied with croton oil to the rat ear produced a reduction in the inflammatory response produced when croton oil alone was applied to the rat ear. The extract produced 67.10 + 2% reduction of the inflammatory response produced by croton oil alone, this was however lower than the 71.1 + 2% reduction of the inflammatory response produced by acetyl salicylic acid. This finding suggests that extract of A. precatorius exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and may explain the usefulness of the leaves of this plant in the treatment of inflammatory disease conditions by traditional healers.	Abrus precatorius; Acetyl salicylic acid; Croton oil; Inflammatory response	Abrus precatorius extract; acetylsalicylic acid; croton oil; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antiinflammatory activity; article; controlled study; drug effect; drug screening; female; male; nonhuman; organ weight; otitis; plant leaf; quantitative analysis; rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883399902	Genetic variation of seed physico-chemical properties of Gongronema latifolia accessions in relation to their seedling performance	Agbo C.U., Onyebara S.C.	2013	Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences	23	4	None	Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Agbo, C.U., Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Onyebara, S.C., Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Genetic variation in physico-chemical properties of different accessions of Gongronema latifolia and contributions of such traits to seed emergence were investigated for two years in Nsukka. The study showed significant differences in the studied traits of the G. latifolia accessions. The accession, AC-05 had larger seeds as well as higher seed breadth and cotyledon thickness but lower level of abscisic acid (ABA) in both years. The seedling emergence capacity of the accessions in both years showed that the seedlings emerged earlier and more vigorous in the second year with reduced moisture content and ABA. Higher level of genotypic and phenotypic variance among the accessions on the measured traits occurred on the phenol content. Heritability estimates were higher in the chemical traits of the seeds than the physical traits with the exception of seed weight. Furthermore, the correlation coefficients suggest that accessions with larger seeds also have lower ABA and significantly higher vigorous emergence suggesting the impact of genetic factors in determining the performance of accessions. It was concluded that different accessions showed genetic differences in the seed traits which directly influenced emergence rate and vigour of seedlings over the two years.	Abscisic acid; Emergence; Genetic variation; Gongronema latifolia; Seed traits	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953857278	Effects of apiary management on colonisation and colony performance of African honey bee (Apis mellifera) in the north-western agro-ecological zone of Uganda	Okwee-Acai J., Anyanzo T.A., Aroba J., Vuchiri J.K., Onzivua T., Okullo P.	2010	Livestock Research for Rural Development	22	5	None	Department of Veterinary Surgery and production, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; National Agricultural Advisory Services, Coordinating Office, P.O Box 1, Moyo, Uganda; Production Department, Moyo District Local Government, P. O Box 1, Moyo, Uganda; Department of entomology, Koboko District Local Government, Uganda; National Forest Resources Research Institute (NAFORI), P. O Box 1752, Kampala, Uganda	Okwee-Acai, J., Department of Veterinary Surgery and production, Makerere University, P. O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Anyanzo, T.A., National Agricultural Advisory Services, Coordinating Office, P.O Box 1, Moyo, Uganda; Aroba, J., Production Department, Moyo District Local Government, P. O Box 1, Moyo, Uganda; Vuchiri, J.K., Production Department, Moyo District Local Government, P. O Box 1, Moyo, Uganda; Onzivua, T., Department of entomology, Koboko District Local Government, Uganda; Okullo, P., National Forest Resources Research Institute (NAFORI), P. O Box 1752, Kampala, Uganda	The north-west agro-ecological zone of Uganda, also known as the West-Nile region produces up to three-quarters of honey in Uganda. However, beekeeping in this region is still based on traditional technologies and practices and characterised by alarmingly low colonisation and high absconding rates. Using field experiments, we investigated the effects of modern apiary management practices on colonisation and colony performance of the African honey bee (Apis mellifera). Six experimental sites were set in the West-Nile districts of Moyo, Koboko and Yumbe. At each experimental site, 18 log and 18 Kenya Top Bar (KTB) hives were sited. Half of each hive type was sited at waist height and half high up on tall trees. A third of each hive type was baited with natural hive sealant or bee glue (propolis), beeswax or cassava flour respectively. Management practices were introduced three months after hive siting. Colonisation was significantly (χ2 = 38.20) higher in hives placed high on trees than those placed at standard waist height. KTB hives were better (χ2 = 30.06) colonised than log hives. Propolis baited hives were better (χ2 = 62.08) colonised than wax or cassava baited ones. Colonisation significantly (χ2 = 39.19) improved in experimental sites where routine management practices were instituted compared to sites with no management. Most (73%) that were categorised as strong were in sites where routine management was instituted. We conclude that, wide adoption and application of modern beekeeping practices could tremendously improve colony performance and apiculture production in the west-Nile region.	Absconding; Baits; Beekeeping; Colonisation; Hive types; West-nile	Apis mellifera; Apoidea; Manihot esculenta	None
WoS	WOS:000342687100004	Assessing the impact of a school-based latrine cleaning and handwashing program on pupil absence in Nyanza Province, Kenya: a cluster-randomized trial	Caruso, Bethany A.,Dreibelbis, Robert,Freeman, Matthew C.,Garn, Joshua V.,Muga, Richard,Rheingans, Richard,Saboori, Shadi	2014	TROPICAL MEDICINE &amp; INTERNATIONAL HEALTH	19	10	10.1111/tmi.12360	Emory University, Florida State University System, University of Florida, University of Oklahoma - Norman, University of Oklahoma System, Great Lakes Univ Kisumu	"Rheingans, Richard: Florida State University System","Rheingans, Richard: University of Florida",	ObjectivesImproving school water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) conditions reduces pupil absence and illness. However, these benefits may depend on the conditions of the latrines and availability of consumables. We sought to determine whether a low-cost, policy-relevant, environmental-level latrine cleaning intervention could improve latrine cleanliness, increase its use and reduce absenteeism. MethodsIn a three-arm, cluster-randomized trial we assessed absence via periodical roll-call among 17564 pupils in 60 schools that had previously received WASH improvements as part of the SWASH+ project. Latrine conditions and use were also assessed using structured observation. Latrine cleanliness increased significantly during the post-intervention period among schools receiving the latrine cleaning package compared to controls, as did handwashing with soap. We found no difference in latrine use and absence across arms. ConclusionsThe additive impact of cleaning may not have been strong enough to impact absence above and beyond reductions attributable to the original WASH infrastructure improvements and basic hygiene education the schools previously received. Improving latrine conditions is important for the dignity and well-being of pupils, and investments and strategies are necessary to ensure that school toilets are clean and pupil-friendly.	ABSENCE,HANDWASHING,HYGIENE,"Latrine use",SANITATION,SCHOOL,DIARRHEA,"FECAL CONTAMINATION","HAND CONTAMINATION",HOUSEHOLDS,HYGIENE,PROMOTION,"SANITATION INTERVENTION",SOAP,WATER-TREATMENT,"WESTERN KENYA"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000300686600016	Assessing the impact of a school-based water treatment, hygiene and sanitation programme on pupil absence in Nyanza Province, Kenya: a cluster-randomized trial	Brumback, Babette,Dreibelbis, Robert,Freeman, Matthew C.,Greene, Leslie E.,Muga, Richard,Rheingans, Richard,Saboori, Shadi	2012	TROPICAL MEDICINE &amp; INTERNATIONAL HEALTH	17	3	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02927.x	Emory University, Florida State University System, Johns Hopkins University, University of Florida, University of London, Great Lakes Univ Kisumu, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine	"Brumback, Babette: Florida State University System","Brumback, Babette: University of Florida","Greene, Leslie E.: Emory University","Rheingans, Richard: Florida State University System","Rheingans, Richard: University of Florida","Saboori, Shadi: Emory University",	Objectives There has been increased attention to access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) at schools in developing countries, but a dearth of empirical studies on the impact. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial of school-based WASH on pupil absence in Nyanza Province, Kenya, from 2007 to 2008. METHODS Public primary schools nested in three geographical strata were randomly assigned and allocated to one of three study arms [ water treatment and hygiene promotion (WT &amp; HP), additional sanitation improvement, or control] to assess the effects on pupil absence at 2-year follow-up. results We found no overall effect of the intervention on absence. However, among schools in two of the geographical areas not affected by post-election violence, those that received WT and HP showed a 58% reduction in the odds of absence for girls (OR 0.42, CI 0.21-0.85). In the same strata, sanitation improvement in combination with WT and HP resulted in a comparable drop in absence, although results were marginally significant (OR 0.47, 0.21-1.05). Boys were not impacted by the intervention. conclusion School WASH improvements can improve school attendance for girls, and mechanisms for gendered impacts should be explored. Incomplete intervention compliance highlights the challenges of achieving consistent results across all settings.	ABSENCE,HYGIENE,SANITATION,"sanitation and hygiene",SCHOOL,WATER,"WATER TREATMENT",ABSENTEEISM,ATTENDANCE,CHILDREN,HEALTH,INFECTIONS,INTERVENTIONS,POLLUTION,PROMOTION,RISK,"WESTERN KENYA"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872326699	Where is my daddy? an exploration of the impact of absentee fathers on the lives of young people in Botswana	Thupayagale-Tshweneagae G., Mgutshini T., Nkosi Z.Z.	2012	Africa Development	37	3	None	Faculty of Human Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa	Thupayagale-Tshweneagae, G., Faculty of Human Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa; Mgutshini, T., Faculty of Human Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa; Nkosi, Z.Z., Faculty of Human Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa	A substantial body of research has consistently concluded that children growing up with absentee fathers are at an increased risk of maladjustment. This paper argues that co-parenting can have both direct and indirect or mediated effects on children. Co-parenting has an added benefit of modelling dyadic skills that include proving mutual emotional support, influence, and amicable resolution of disputes. Through qualitative data obtained in 2009 from 45 final year students at the University of Botswana, the authors conclude that African personhood is a larger-than-self conception, which also includes more than the physical being and shows that young people raised in father-absent families view their personhood as inferior, less guarded, and incomplete, relative to that of their counterparts who were born and raised in married-couple families. Living a full quality life eludes youth who were raised by mothers only, affirming the importance of fathers in the personhood of any individual. © Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, 2012.	Absentee fathers; Co-parenting; Youth personhood	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861404529	Class absenteeism: Reasons for non-attendance and the effect on academic performance	Schmulian A., Coetzee S.	2012	Accounting Research Journal	24	2	10.1108/10309611111163718	Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Schmulian, A., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Coetzee, S., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa	Purpose Other business education literature, particularly in the field of economics, has developed theories in respect of the reasons for non-attendance of lectures and the positive correlation between class attendance and academic performance. The aim of this paper is to determine the generalizability of these theories to a large accounting class in South Africa. Design/methodology/ approach This paper is a differentiated replication of the study by Paisey and Paisey, who provided initial evidence of the generalizability of these theories to a small accounting class in Scotland, employing a research questionnaire and the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data. Findings The reasons given for the non-attendance of lectures generally correspond with those previously reported. Certain differences that are identified are likely a result of specific country or economic factors. This study found a significant positive correlation between class attendance and academic performance; however, the correlation is low and not very meaningful. Further analysis reveals some difference between language groups suggesting that culture and ethnicity may have an effect on the relationship between class attendance and academic performance. Originality/value This paper raises questions as to the generalizability of prior research on class attendance and academic performance. The findings of this study suggest other factors, including students' economic, cultural and ethnic backgrounds, are likely to affect associations between class attendance and academic performance. © Copyright - 2011 Emerald Group Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.	Absenteeism; Academic performance; Accounting education; Class attendance; South Africa; Students	None	None
WoS	WOS:000259198200010	The impact of a school-based safe water and hygiene programme on knowledge and practices of students and their parents: Nyanza Province, western Kenya, 2006	Ayalo, M.,Freeman, M. C.,Hoekstra, R. M.,Migele, J.,Mwaki, A.,Ombeki, S.,O'Reilly, C. E.,Quick, R.,Ravani, M.	2008	EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION	136	1	10.1017/S0950268807008060	Emory University, CARE Kenya, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent	"Freeman, M. C.: Emory University","Quick, R.: Emory University","Ravani, M.: Emory University",	Safe drinking water and hygiene are essential to reducing Kenya's diarrhoeal disease burden. A school-based safe water and hygiene intervention in Kenya was evaluated to assess its impact on students' knowledge and parents' adoption of safe water and hygiene practices. We surveyed 390 students from nine schools and their parents at baseline and conducted a final evaluation of 363 students and their parents. From baseline to final evaluation, improvement was seen in students' knowledge of correct water treatment procedure (21-65%. P &lt; 0.01) and knowing when to wash their hands. At final evaluation, 14% of parents reported currently treating their water. compared with 6% Lit baseline (P &lt; 0.01). From 2004 to 2005. school absenteeism in the September-November term decreased in nine project schools by 35%, and increased in nine neighbouring comparison Schools by 5%. This novel programme shows promise for reducing, school absenteeism and promoting water and hygiene interventions in the home.	,ABSENTEEISM,BANGLADESH,BEHAVIORS,"CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA",CHLORINATION,"DIARRHEAL DISEASE",DRINKING-WATER,INTERVENTION,MORBIDITY,TRANSMISSION	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926235128	Modelling the relationship between job demands, work attitudes and performance among nurses in a transition economy	Abiodun A.J., Osibanjo O.A., Adeniji A.A., Iyere-Okojie E.	2014	International Journal of Healthcare Management	7	4	10.1179/2047971914Y.0000000073	Department of Business Management, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria	Abiodun, A.J., Department of Business Management, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria; Osibanjo, O.A., Department of Business Management, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria; Adeniji, A.A., Department of Business Management, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria; Iyere-Okojie, E., Department of Business Management, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria	Nurses are critical human resource input in the hospitals’ functions of health promotion, curative and preventive care and; effective performance of their roles have implications for patients’ health outcomes. This study based on data obtained from 228 nurses in general and specialist hospitals explores the link between various dimensions of nurses’ job demands, job security and work attitude. Structural equation model analysis results indicate that work–family conflict and work pressures have implications for absenteeism; and that absenteeism is strongly linked with turnover while being a symptom of low job satisfaction. In addition, while job security negatively impact on absenteeism it has direct positive effect on both job satisfaction and commitment. This underlies the need for specific managerial countermeasures to balance work–family responsibilities as well as balance work load as measures to limit work pressures on nurses and hedge against absenteeism and turnover among nurses. © W. S. Maney & Son Ltd 2014.	Absenteeism; Job demand; Job security; Organizational withdrawal; Turnover; Work attitude	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910100073	School truancy: Poor school attenders’ perceptions of the impact regarding dysfunctional teacher-learner relationships on truant behaviour	van Breda M.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	23	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p1056	College of Education, University of South Africa, South Africa	van Breda, M., College of Education, University of South Africa, South Africa	The aim of this paper was to explore truants’ perceptions of the impact of teacher’s behaviour and attitudes on their school attendance. An in-depth literature study of the latest research on truancy uncovered that past truancy research focussed predominantly on the influence of home and community related influences in causing school truant behaviour. Three hundred eighth grade learners in the Metro East Education District (MEED) in the Western Cape, South Africa, participated in a survey measuring learners’ perceptions of the effects teacher-learner relationship on school and lesson attendance. The research findings suggest that respondents perceive unfavourable school experiences including being rejected, discriminated against by teachers and subjection to undue and humiliating punitive measures as significant grounds for their deliberate absence from lessons and ultimately dropping out of school. In presenting the research findings, it is argued that teachers often overlook the effects their class room conduct and attitudes may have on learners’ sense of belonging in school, learner school attendance and how learners view them. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that education authorities take account of the research findings of dysfunctional learner-teacher relationships in combatting school truancy. © 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved.	Absenteeism; Learner-teacher relationships; Non-attendance; School; Truancy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84878206755	Spectral uniformity evaluation of reference surfaces for airborne and orbital sensors absolute calibration	Pinto C.T., Ponzoni F.J., de Castro R.M., Griffth D.J.	2012	Revista Brasileira de Geofisica	30	3	None	Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, Divisão de Sensoriamento Remoto, Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, Jardim da Granja, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Estudos Avanç Ados - IEAv/CTA, Divisão de Geointeligência, Trevo Coronel Aviador José Alberto Albano do Amarante, 1, Putim P.O. Box 6044-12231-970, 12228-001 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; Universidade de Taubaté - UNITAU, Departamento de Matemática e F́isica, Avenida Marechal Deodoro, 605, Santa Clara, 12080-000 Taubaté, SP, Brazil; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - CSIR, Defence, Peace, Safety and Security (DPSS), P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Pinto, C.T., Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, Divisão de Sensoriamento Remoto, Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, Jardim da Granja, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil, Instituto de Estudos Avanç Ados - IEAv/CTA, Divisão de Geointeligência, Trevo Coronel Aviador José Alberto Albano do Amarante, 1, Putim P.O. Box 6044-12231-970, 12228-001 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; Ponzoni, F.J., Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE, Divisão de Sensoriamento Remoto, Av. dos Astronautas, 1758, Jardim da Granja, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; de Castro, R.M., Instituto de Estudos Avanç Ados - IEAv/CTA, Divisão de Geointeligência, Trevo Coronel Aviador José Alberto Albano do Amarante, 1, Putim P.O. Box 6044-12231-970, 12228-001 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil, Universidade de Taubaté - UNITAU, Departamento de Matemática e F́isica, Avenida Marechal Deodoro, 605, Santa Clara, 12080-000 Taubaté, SP, Brazil; Griffth, D.J., Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - CSIR, Defence, Peace, Safety and Security (DPSS), P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa	The extraction of quantitative information from data collected by either airborne or orbital electro optical sensors is only possible through a well-performed absolute calibration. The most common method of in-fight absolute calibration uses a reference surface. One of the most critical steps to implement this method is the reference surface characterization, which must be spectrally uniformity, among other features. This study presents the methodology used to assess the spectral uniformity of two potential areas for in-fight sensor calibration. Two surfaces were studied: (a) an area in Brazil of bare soil (quartz sand) and (b) Tuz Gölü salt fat in Turkey considered by the CEOS (Committee on Earth Observation Satellites) an official area for orbital sensors calibration. Radiometric measurements were carried out at various sampling points in these two areas. In addition, the study aims to describe and determine some of the main uncertainties sources involved in this process. According to the statistical criteria adopted, both reference surfaces have not been considered spectrally uniform. © 2012 Sociedade Brasileira de Geofísica.	Absolute calibration; Electro-optical sensors; Spectral uniformity	bare soil; calibration; data acquisition; quartz; radiometric method; sensor; spectral analysis; Brazil; Turkey	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84957729561	Factors affecting the absolute and relative long-term performance of initial public offerings (IPOs) on the Johannesburg security exchange (JSE)	Neneh B.N., Smit V.A.	2014	Investment Management and Financial Innovations	11	4	None	South Africa	Neneh, B.N., South Africa; Smit, V.A., South Africa	Nowadays, investors are progressively espousing an absolute returns approach for their long-term investments as global markets are unceasingly faced with economic uncertainty and market volatility (Foster, Jones and Nichols, 2014). However, prior research has primarily focused on identifying factors that can be used to predict long run relative returns. As such, it is important for the research and practitioner communities to identify factors that can help investors in predicting long-term absolute returns. The aim of this study is to determine if the same factors that have been noted to predict the relative returns of IPOs are also able to predict the absolute returns of the IPOs on the JSE. Using 290 companies listed on the JSE between 1996 and 2009, this study finds that mean IPO returns for the first three years post IPO are 3.19%, -9.60%, and -25.06% respectively for absolute returns and -7.67%, -34.6%, and -65.4% respectively for relative returns. It is also established that after three years, 109 companies have a positive absolute return while only 43 companies outperform the market benchmark. Furthermore, the results indicate that the market period is the only factor that can significantly predict both the absolute and relative returns with IPOs issued in the cold market periods having a higher probability of producing positive returns and outperforming the market benchmark than IPOs listed in the hot market periods. © Brownhilder Ngek Neneh, Van Aardt Smit, 2014.	Absolute returns; IPOs; JSE; Long-term performance; Relative returns; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887563654	Gamma (γ)-Ray Activity as a Tool for Identification of Hidden Ejecta Deposits Around Impact Crater on Basaltic Target: Example from Lonar Crater, India	Bose T., Misra S., Chakraborty S., Reddy K.	2013	Earth, Moon and Planets	111	42371	10.1007/s11038-013-9422-6	Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, 411008, India; School of Geological Sciences, SAEES, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500007, India	Bose, T., Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, 411008, India; Misra, S., School of Geological Sciences, SAEES, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa; Chakraborty, S., Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, 411008, India; Reddy, K., National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500007, India	Geophysical techniques based on radioactivity measurements are not generally used for exploration of asteroid impact craters. Our studies on the field and laboratory measurements of radioactivity on samples from the Lonar crater, India, show that this technique could be an important method for mapping the distribution of ejecta around the deeply excavated impact craters particularly when these structures are formed on relatively old target rocks/palaeosol. The Lonar ejecta shows ~1.3 times higher γ-ray count rates in the field on average compared to the underlying palaeosol and ~1.9 times higher values over the target basalt while measured by a portable Geiger-Müller pulse counter. The absorbed γ-dose rate (D) of the Lonar samples, computed from 232Th, 238U, and 40K abundances in these samples, also show that the ejecta has distinct bulk dose rates (average ~8.42 nGy h-1) as compared to those of the palaeosol (~18.34 nGy h-1), target basalt (~11.97 nGy h-1), and the impact-melts and spherules (~14 nGy h-1). Therefore, radioactivity mapping of the terrestrial and planetary impact craters by direct methods has importance in mapping ejecta distributions around these structures. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Absorbed γ-dose rate (D); Ejecta; Gamma-radiation; Geiger-Müller pulse counter; Lonar crater; Palaeosol	basalt; crater; ejecta; gamma ray radiation; paleosol; radioactivity; spherule; India; Lonar Crater; Maharashtra; Spherules	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-68949087023	Performance evaluation of absorbent materials in evaporative cooling system for the storage of fruits and vegetables	Olosunde W.A., Igbeka J.C., Olurin T.O.	2009	International Journal of Food Engineering	5	3	10.2202/1556-3758.1376	University of Uyo, Nigeria; University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Bells University of Technology, Nigeria	Olosunde, W.A., University of Uyo, Nigeria; Igbeka, J.C., University of Ibadan, Nigeria; Olurin, T.O., Bells University of Technology, Nigeria	An experimental storage based on the principle of evaporative cooling was designed to evaluate the performance of three natural absorbent fiber materials to be used as cooling pads. The absorbent materials were jute, hessian and cotton waste. The performance criteria included cooling efficiency, material performance and total amount of heat load removed from the evaporative cooler. The results showed that under the no-load condition, the average cooling efficiency was highest for jute at 86.2%, compared to 76.3% for cotton waste and 61.7% for hessian fiber. Materials performance tests results showed that the highest resistance to mold formation was exhibited by hessian followed by cotton waste, while the jute fiber had very poor performance. The heat load determination also showed that products stored in the cooler with jute as water absorbent produced the least heat of respiration, followed by cotton waste and hessian in that order. The total results indicated that jute had the overall advantage over the other materials. However, if the cotton waste surface could be modified to offer larger surface required for evaporation, it would be the best alternative because the jute surface is prone to mold formation. © 2009 The Berkeley Electronic Press. All rights reserved.	Absorbent material; Cotton waste; Evaporative cooling; Hessian; Jute; Respiration; Storage	Absorbent material; Evaporative cooling; Hessian; Jute; Respiration; Storage; Absorption; Cooling; Cotton; Evaporation; Evaporative cooling systems; Jute fibers; Materials; Molds; Thermal load; Surfaces; Absorbents; Absorption; Burlap; Cooling; Cooling Systems; Cotton; Evaporation; Jute; Molds; Respiration; Storage; Surfaces; Wastes; Corchorus capsularis; Gossypium hirsutum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947413142	Evaluation of a spherical PML for vector FEM applications	Davidson D.B., Botha M.M.	2007	IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation	55	2	10.1109/TAP.2006.889951	University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Davidson, D.B., University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Botha, M.M., University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa	The implementation and evaluation of a spherical perfectly matched layer (PML) within a Cartesian finite element method context using standard curl-conforming elements is presented in this paper. Results are compared to the long-standing 1st order absorbing boundary condition (ABC) and a new, rigorous implementation of a 2nd order ABC for curl-conforming elements. The 4 and 8 layer spherical PMLs are shown to offer very attractive levels of absorption, with reflections on the order of -60 to -70dB demonstrated. Numerical tests show that the guidelines for Cartesian PML absorbers, in terms of maximum conductivity, also carry over to the spherical PML. The 2nd order ABC is also shown to offer very good performance. Finally, coding issues for both the spherical PML and the analytical ABCs are briefly addressed. © 2007 IEEE.	Absorbing boundary conditions (ABC); Finite element method (FEM); Perfectly matched layer (PML)	Boundary conditions; Finite element method; Numerical methods; Vectors; Absorbing boundary conditions (ABC); Cartesian finite element method; Perfectly matched layer (PML); Electromagnetic field theory	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-53449089311	Impact of traditional medicinal plant extracts on antiretroviral drug absorption	Brown L., Heyneke O., Brown D., van Wyk J.P.H., Hamman J.H.	2008	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	119	3	10.1016/j.jep.2008.06.028	Department of Pharmacy, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), P.O. Box 218, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), P.O. Box 225, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Brown, L., Department of Pharmacy, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), P.O. Box 218, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South Africa; Heyneke, O., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), P.O. Box 225, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South Africa; Brown, D., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; van Wyk, J.P.H., Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), P.O. Box 225, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South Africa; Hamman, J.H., Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa	Ethopharmacological relevance: Traditional herbal medicines are often used for the treatment of different diseases in developing countries, especially in the rural areas where a lack of an efficient primary health care system is usually experienced. Many patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus are taking traditional herbal medicines in conjunction with their modern antiretroviral medication and drug-herb interactions can occur in these cases. Aim of the study: To investigate the effect of water extracts of two traditional medicinal plants, Hypoxis hemerocallidea and Sutherlandia frutescens as well as l-canavanine (a constituent of Sutherlandia frutescens) on the transport of nevirapine across human intestinal epithelial cells. Materials and methods: Nevirapine transport in the apical to basolateral and basolateral to apical directions across Caco-2 cell monolayers was determined alone (normal control) and in the presence of verapamil (positive control), water extracts of Hypoxis hemerocallidea and Sutherlandia frutescens and an aqueous solution of l-canavanine. The cumulative transport and apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) values were calculated and compared. Results: Nevirapine alone was substantially effluxed in the basolateral to apical direction across the intestinal epithelial cell monolayers, which was statistically significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased by addition of verapamil, Hypoxis hemerocallidea extract and the l-canavinine solution. The effect of Sutherlandia frutescens on nevirapine transport was not statistically significantly different from the control. Conclusions: Hypoxis hemerocallidea and l-canavanine interact with the efflux of nevirapine across intestinal epithelial cells and therefore can potentially increase the bioavailability of this antiretroviral drug when taken concomitantly. © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Absorption; Antiretroviral drug; Drug-herb interaction; Efflux; Hypoxis hemerocallidea; Sutherlandia frutescens	antiretrovirus agent; canavanine; Hypoxis hemerocallidea extract; nevirapine; plant extract; Sutherlandia frutescens extract; unclassified drug; verapamil; article; controlled study; drug transport; herb drug interaction; highly active antiretroviral therapy; human; human cell; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Hypoxis; Hypoxis hemerocallidea; intestine epithelium; monolayer culture; Sutherlandia; Sutherlandia frutescens; traditional medicine; Anti-HIV Agents; Caco-2 Cells; Calcium Channel Blockers; Canavanine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Combinations; Fabaceae; Humans; Hypoxis; Intestinal Absorption; Medicine, African Traditional; Nevirapine; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; South Africa; Suspensions; Verapamil; Human immunodeficiency virus; Hypoxis hemerocallidea; Sutherlandia frutescens	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863946617	Development of granular-medium-based impact energy management system	Mwangi F.M., Kanny K.	2012	International Journal of Crashworthiness	17	4	10.1080/13588265.2012.661658	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa	Mwangi, F.M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Kanny, K., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa	A granular-medium-based impact energy management system has been developed. The system was subjected to low-tomedium velocity regime impacts. Effects of lubrication of granules and defaulting of boundary conditions using Bravais cubic lattice structures have been investigated. Unlike traditional design platforms where heavy reliance is placed on the intrinsic properties of materials, experimental results indicate that the new system effectively relies on the underlying synergistic mechanisms to absorb and dissipate impact energy. Dynamic simulation results validate the system's practical relevance to the automotive industry and similar contexts. © 2012 Taylor & Francis.	Absorption; Bumpers; Dissipation; Granular medium; Impact energy	Cubic lattice; Design platform; Granular medium; Impact energy; Impact energy management; Intrinsic property; Synergistic mechanism; Absorption; Automobile bumpers; Automotive industry; Computer simulation; Energy dissipation; Energy management; Management	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880561708	Photocatalytic performance of nitrogen, osmium co-doped TiO2 for removal of eosin yellow in water under simulated solar radiation	Kuvarega A.T., Krause R.W.M., Mamba B.B.	2013	Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology	13	7	10.1166/jnn.2013.7589	UJ Centre for Nanomaterials Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa	Kuvarega, A.T., UJ Centre for Nanomaterials Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa; Krause, R.W.M., UJ Centre for Nanomaterials Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mamba, B.B., UJ Centre for Nanomaterials Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa	Nitrogen, osmium co-doped TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by a modified sol-gel method using ammonia as the nitrogen source and osmium tetroxide as the source of osmium. The role of rutile phase OsO2 in enhancing the photocatalytic activity of rutile TiO2 towards the degradation of Eosin Yellow was investigated. The materials were characterised by various techniques that include FTIR, Raman, XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, TGA and DRUV-Vis. The amorphous, oven dried sample was transformed to the anatase and then the rutile phase with increasing calcination temperature. DRUVVis analysis revealed a red shift in absorption with increasing calcination temperature, confirmed by a decrease in the band gap of the material. The photocatalytic activity of N, Os co-doped TiO2 was evaluated using eosin yellow degradation and activity increased with increase in calcination temperature under simulated solar irradiation. The rutile phase of the co-doped TiO 2 was found to be more effective in degrading the dye (ka = 1.84×10-2 min-1) compared to the anatase co-doped phase (ka =9.90×10-3 min-1). The enhanced photocatalytic activity was ascribed to the synergistic effects of rutile TiO2 and rutile OsO2 in the N, Os co-doped TiO 2. Copyright © 2013 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.	Absorption Edge; Anatase; Nitrogen-Osmium Co-Doped TiO2; Osmium Dioxide; Photocatalysis; Rutile; Visible Light	Absorption edges; Co-doped tio; Modified sol-gel method; Photocatalytic activities; Photocatalytic performance; Rutile; Simulated solar radiations; Visible light; Calcination; Nitrogen; Osmium; Oxide minerals; Photocatalysis; Photocatalysts; Sol-gel process; Solar radiation; Sun; Titanium dioxide; eosin; nanomaterial; nitrogen; osmium; titanium; titanium dioxide; article; catalysis; chemistry; isolation and purification; light; materials testing; methodology; radiation exposure; solar energy; water management; water pollutant; Catalysis; Eosine Yellowish-(YS); Light; Materials Testing; Nanostructures; Nitrogen; Osmium; Solar Energy; Titanium; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928239277	Asymmetric impacts of the determinants of energy intensity in Nigeria	Adom P.K.	2015	Energy Economics	49	None	10.1016/j.eneco.2015.03.027	Centre for Environmental and Resource Economics (CERE), Department of Forest Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden; Department of Banking and Finance, University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana	Adom, P.K., Centre for Environmental and Resource Economics (CERE), Department of Forest Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden, Department of Banking and Finance, University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana	This study analysed the problem of energy intensity determinants in Nigeria based on the fully modified OLS and canonical cointegration regressions. These methods were preferred since they are able to deal effectively with the second-order bias problems, an often characteristics of time series data. The impacts of price of crude oil, FDI, trade openness and industry structure are asymmetric which suggests the presence of structural effects in parameters. The impact of crude oil price is negative but becomes stronger post-1989 saving .126% more in energy consumption relative to pre-1989. Also, the impacts of FDI and trade openness are negative and significant but become stronger post-1989 saving 11.2% and 0.8% more in energy consumption relative to the baseline, respectively for every one percentage point increase in FDI and trade openness. The impact of industry value-added is positive and significant but weakens after 1989 consuming 1.8% less in energy for every one percentage point increase in industry value-added relative to the baseline. The energy reducing effect of industry value-added post-1989 reflects improvements in the technical characteristics of industrial sector in Nigeria. Last, the result showed that the absorptive capability and industry characteristics of Nigeria are important determinants of how FDI affects energy intensity. This implies that a more integrated FDI programme (considering the country characteristics) rather than a 'one-fit-all' programme is preferable. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.	Absorptive capability; Asymmetric effects; Energy intensity; Nigeria	Commerce; Crude oil; Oil shale; Absorptive capability; Asymmetric effects; Energy intensity; Industrial sector; Industry characteristics; Industry structures; Nigeria; Percentage points; Energy utilization; consumption behavior; crude oil; energy market; foreign direct investment; industrial structure; price dynamics; regression analysis; time series; trade; Nigeria	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84915757982	Predicting the determination and performance impact of absorptive capacity in China's SEZ prospects in Zambia and Mauritius	Maswana J.-C., Davies M.	2015	International Journal of Economics and Business Research	9	1	10.1504/IJEBR.2015.066021	Graduate School of Business Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Frontier Advisory (Pty) Ltd., 30 6th Street, Parkhurst, Johannesburg, South Africa	Maswana, J.-C., Graduate School of Business Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Davies, M., Frontier Advisory (Pty) Ltd., 30 6th Street, Parkhurst, Johannesburg, South Africa	This paper explores the underlying dimensions of absorptive capacity and its impact on the performance for firms in Zambia and Mauritius. It first defines a firm's capacity to absorb spillovers as a latent variable observable indirectly through its underlying dimensions. By means of structural equation modelling based on survey datasets collected within small and medium manufacturing enterprises expecting to engage in special economic zone activities, it investigated the impact of absorptive capacity and its correlation with the performance of firms. Three dimensions that correlated to firm characteristics (technology, networks, and human factors) were found to reflect absorptive capacity. Importantly, it also found that absorptive capacity mediated the relationship between firm characteristics and firm performance to only a moderate degree. In terms of policy implications, if high absorptive capacity is a precondition for effectively reaping external spillovers, this paper's findings suggest that exploitation of SEZ-induced spillovers could likely be limited unless local governments take action to strengthen the absorptive capacity of firms. Copyright © 2015 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Absorptive capacity; Africa; China; Mauritius; SEM; Special economic zone; Structural equation model; Zambia	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908510997	Improving the braking performance of a vehicle with ABS and a semi-active suspension system on a rough road	Hamersma H.A., Schalk Els P.	2014	Journal of Terramechanics	56	None	10.1016/j.jterra.2014.09.004	Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Hamersma, H.A., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Schalk Els, P., Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Pretoria, South Africa	Rapid advances have been made in the field of vehicle dynamics in terms of improving the ride, handling and safety using actuators and control systems. Optimising a vehicle's ride comfort or handling has led to the development of semi-active suspension systems. Anti-lock braking systems (ABS) have resulted in significant improvements in vehicle braking whilst maintaining directional control over the vehicle. These advances have improved vehicle and occupant safety in general, but there are often some trade-offs. For example, the stopping distance of a vehicle fitted with ABS on an undulating road is significantly increased compared to braking without ABS. This has severe implications, especially in the off-road vehicle industry. The effects of spring and damper characteristics on the braking performance of a sports-utility-vehicle (SUV) on hard rough terrain are investigated. The approach is simulation based, using an experimentally validated full vehicle model of the SUV, built in Adams in co-simulation with MATLAB and Simulink. The simulations were performed on measured road profiles of a Belgian paving and parallel corrugations (or a washboard road). The results indicate that the suspension system has a significant impact on the braking performance, resulting in differences in stopping distances of up to 9 m. © 2014 ISTVS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	ABS systems; Multi-body dynamics modelling; Off-road vehicles; Semi-active suspension; Tyre modelling	Multi-body dynamic; Rough roads; Semi active suspension; Semi-active suspension systems	None
WoS	WOS:000315042100039	A quasi-experimental evaluation of an HIV prevention programme by peer education in the Anglican Church of the Western Cape, South Africa	Mash, Rachel,Mash, Robert James	2012	BMJ OPEN	2	2	10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000638	Stellenbosch University	"Mash, Rachel: Stellenbosch University","Mash, Robert James: Stellenbosch University"	Introduction: Religion is important in most African communities, but faith-based HIV prevention programmes are infrequent and very rarely evaluated. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a church-based peer education HIV prevention programme that focused on youth. Design: A quasi-experimental study design compared non-randomly chosen intervention and control groups. Setting: This study was conducted in the Cape Town Diocese of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa. Participants: The intervention group of 176 teenagers was selected from youth groups at 14 churches and the control group of 92 from youth groups at 17 churches. Intervention and control churches were chosen to be as similar as possible to decrease confounding. Intervention: The intervention was a 20-session peer education programme (Fikelela: Agents of Change) aimed at changing risky sexual behaviour among youth (aged 12-19 years). Three workshops were also held with parents. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The main outcome measures were changes in age of sexual debut, secondary abstinence, condom use and numbers of partners. Results: The programme was successful at increasing condom usage (condom use score 3.5 vs 2.1; p=0.02), OR 6.7 (95% CI 1.1 to 40.7), and postponing sexual debut (11.9% vs 21.4%; p=0.04) absolute difference 9.5%. There was no difference in secondary abstinence (14.6% vs 12.5%; p=0.25) or with the number of partners (mean 1.7 vs 1.4; p=0.67) and OR 2.2 (95% Cl 0.7 to 7.4). Conclusion: An initial exploratory quasi-experimental evaluation of the Agents of Change peer education programme in a church-based context found that the age of sexual debut and condom usage was significantly increased. The study demonstrated the potential of faith-based peer education among youth to make a contribution to HIV prevention in Africa. Further evaluation of the effectiveness of the programme is, however, required before widespread implementation can be recommended.	,ABSTINENCE,ADOLESCENTS,GHANA,HEALTH,HIV/AIDS,"PROTECTIVE BEHAVIORS",RELIGION,"SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",TANZANIA,YOUTH	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84899842756	Mathematical analysis of hepatitis C model for intravenous drug misusers: Impact of antiviral therapy, abstinence and relapse	Mushayabasa S., Bhunu C.P.	2014	Simulation	90	5	10.1177/0037549714528388	Department of Mathematics, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe	Mushayabasa, S., Department of Mathematics, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe; Bhunu, C.P., Department of Mathematics, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP 167, Harare, Zimbabwe	Despite advances in hepatitis C therapy and better knowledge of viral/host factors related to disease progression, hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains the leading cause of chronic liver disease, causing progression to end-stage liver disease (ESLD) as well as the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this paper a mathematical model for assessing the impact of antiviral therapy, abstinence and relapse on the transmission dynamics of HCV is formulated and analyzed. A threshold quantity known as the reproductive number has been computed, and the stability of the steady states has been investigated. The dynamical analysis reveals that the model has globally asymptotically stable steady states. The impacts of antiviral therapy, abstinence and relapse on the transmission dynamics of HCV are discussed through the basic reproductive number and numerical simulations. © 2014 The Society for Modeling and Simulation International.	abstinence; Hepatitis C virus (HCV); intravenous drug misusers; relapse; reproductive number; sensitivity analysis; treatment	Disease control; Mathematical models; Sensitivity analysis; Viruses; abstinence; Hepatitis C virus; intravenous drug misusers; relapse; Reproductive number; treatment; Drug therapy	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79951515024	Mathematical Analysis of an HIV/AIDS Model: Impact of Educational Programs and Abstinence in Sub-Saharan Africa	Bhunu C.P., Mushayabasa S., Kojouharov H., Tchuenche J.M.	2011	Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Algorithms	10	1	10.1007/s10852-010-9134-0	Department of Applied Mathematics, Modelling Biomedical Systems Research Group, National University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 OES, United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0408, United States; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada	Bhunu, C.P., Department of Applied Mathematics, Modelling Biomedical Systems Research Group, National University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 OES, United Kingdom; Mushayabasa, S., Department of Applied Mathematics, Modelling Biomedical Systems Research Group, National University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Kojouharov, H., Department of Mathematics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0408, United States; Tchuenche, J.M., Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada	We formulate a deterministic HIV/AIDS model to theoretically investigate how counselling and testing coupled with the resulting decrease in sexual activity could affect the HIV epidemic in resource-limited communities. The threshold quantities are determined and stabilities analyzed. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations support the idea that increase in the number of sexually inactive HIV positive individuals who voluntarily abstain from sex has a positive impact on HIV/AIDS control. Results from this theoretical study suggest that effective counselling and testing have a great potential to partially control the epidemic (especially when HIV positive individuals either willingly withdraw from risky sexual activities or disclose their status beforehand) even in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Therefore, more needs to be done in resource-limited settings, such as sub-Saharan Africa, as far as the HIV/AIDS epidemic is concerned and a formalized information, education, and communication strategy should be given prominence in educational campaigns. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Abstinence; HIV/AIDS; Reproduction number; Resource-limited; Testing and counselling	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863803528	Evaluation of polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of Artemisia afra jacq. ex willd. aqueous extract	Sunmonu T.O., Afolayan A.J.	2012	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	11	7	None	Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Phytomedicine Research Center, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa	Sunmonu, T.O., Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria; Afolayan, A.J., Phytomedicine Research Center, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa	Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd. is widely used in South African traditional medicine for the treatment of many ailments and diseases. In this work, aqueous extract of the plant was screened for its phenolic profile and antioxidant activity. The results obtained revealed that the extract has considerable amount of polyphenolic compounds including phenol, flavonoid, flavonol and proanthocyanidin. The extract also exhibited significant inhibition of DPPH and ABTS radicals as well as ferric reductive ability in a concentrationdependent manner. These are indications of antioxidant activity of A. afra which could be attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds; and the data compared well with those of known standards like BHT, rutin and vitamin C. This study has, to some extent, justified the folkloric use of the herb in traditional medicinal practice of South Africa. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	ABTS; Antioxidant; Artemisia afra; DPPH; Free radicals; Total phenolics	1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl; 2,2' azinobis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid); antioxidant; Artemisia afra extract; ascorbic acid; butylcresol; flavonoid; flavonol; phenol; plant extract; polyphenol derivative; proanthocyanidin; rutoside; unclassified drug; antioxidant activity; Artemisia; Artemisia afra; article; concentration response; controlled study; drug isolation; drug screening; nonhuman; plant leaf; Artemisia afra	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84913612891	Strengthening confidence in climate change impact science	O'Connor M.I., Holding J.M., Kappel C.V., Duarte C.M., Brander K., Brown C.J., Bruno J.F., Buckley L., Burrows M.T., Halpern B.S., Kiessling W., Moore P., Pandolfi J.M., Parmesan C., Poloczanska E.S., Schoeman D.S., Sydeman W.J., Richardson A.J.	2015	Global Ecology and Biogeography	24	1	10.1111/geb.12218	Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Department of Global Change Research, Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), Esporles, Mallorca, Spain; The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Australia; Centre for Ocean Life, DTU Aqua, Charlottenlund Slot, Denmark; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Climate Adaptation Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, United Kingdom; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park, United Kingdom; GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paläoumwelt, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, Erlangen, Germany; Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia; Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Plymouth University, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom; Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States; Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, DC, QLD, Australia; Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, 101 H Street, Suite Q, Petaluma, CA, United States; Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics (CARM), School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia	O'Connor, M.I., Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Holding, J.M., Department of Global Change Research, Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), Esporles, Mallorca, Spain; Kappel, C.V., National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Duarte, C.M., Department of Global Change Research, Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), Esporles, Mallorca, Spain, The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Australia; Brander, K., Centre for Ocean Life, DTU Aqua, Charlottenlund Slot, Denmark; Brown, C.J., School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia, Climate Adaptation Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Bruno, J.F., Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Buckley, L., Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Burrows, M.T., Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, United Kingdom; Halpern, B.S., National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA, United States, Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States, Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park, United Kingdom; Kiessling, W., GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paläoumwelt, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, Erlangen, Germany; Moore, P., Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom; Pandolfi, J.M., Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Parmesan, C., Plymouth University, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom, Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States; Poloczanska, E.S., Climate Adaptation Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Schoeman, D.S., Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, DC, QLD, Australia, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Sydeman, W.J., Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, 101 H Street, Suite Q, Petaluma, CA, United States; Richardson, A.J., Climate Adaptation Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Ecosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics (CARM), School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia	Aim: To assess confidence in conclusions about climate-driven biological change through time, and identify approaches for strengthening confidence scientific conclusions about ecological impacts of climate change. Location: Global. Methods: We outlined a framework for strengthening confidence in inferences drawn from biological climate impact studies through the systematic integration of prior expectations, long-term data and quantitative statistical procedures. We then developed a numerical confidence index (Cindex) and used it to evaluate current practices in 208 studies of marine climate impacts comprising 1735 biological time series. Results: Confidence scores for inferred climate impacts varied widely from 1 to 16 (very low to high confidence). Approximately 35% of analyses were not associated with clearly stated prior expectations and 65% of analyses did not test putative non-climate drivers of biological change. Among the highest-scoring studies, 91% tested prior expectations, 86% formulated expectations for alternative drivers but only 63% statistically tested them. Higher confidence scores observed in studies that did not detect a change or tracked multiple species suggest publication bias favouring impact studies that are consistent with climate change. The number of time series showing climate impacts was a poor predictor of average confidence scores for a given group, reinforcing that vote-counting methodology is not appropriate for determining overall confidence in inferences. Main conclusions: Climate impacts research is expected to attribute biological change to climate change with measurable confidence. Studies with long-term, high-resolution data, appropriate statistics and tests of alternative drivers earn higher Cindex scores, suggesting these should be given greater weight in impact assessments. Together with our proposed framework, the results of our Cindex analysis indicate how the science of detecting and attributing biological impacts to climate change can be strengthened through the use of evidence-based prior expectations and thorough statistical analyses, even when data are limited, maximizing the impact of the diverse and growing climate change ecology literature. © 2014 The Authors.	Abundance; Attribution; Climate change; Distribution; Hypothesis; Impacts; Marine; Phenology; Scientific method; Time series	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62049085455	Liana species richness, abundance and relationship with trees in the Bobiri forest reserve, Ghana: Impact of management systems	Addo-Fordjour P., Anning A.K., Larbi J.A., Akyeampong S.	2009	Forest Ecology and Management	257	8	10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.051	Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana	Addo-Fordjour, P., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Anning, A.K., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Larbi, J.A., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Akyeampong, S., Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana	Forest management practices which may represent various forms of disturbance regimes could influence liana species richness, abundance and relationship with their hosts. The study sought to determine the impacts of three management systems, namely, the Selection, Tropical Shelterwood and Post Exploitation Systems (SS, TSS and PES respectively) on liana species richness, abundance and relationship with trees in the Bobiri forest reserve, Ghana. Lianas with dbh ≥ 2 cm found on trees with dbh ≥ 10 cm were enumerated in 1 ha plot each in the SS, TSS and PES. All trees (dbh ≥ 10 cm) within the plots that did not carry lianas were also enumerated. A total of 640 liana individuals belonging to 27 species, 22 genera and 13 families were identified in the management systems. Griffonia simplicifolia (Vahl ex DC.) Baill., Motandra guineensis (Thonn.) A.DC. and Calycobolus africanus (G.Don) Heine were the abundant species in all the management systems. Unlike in SS, lianas in the TSS and PES were dominated by a few species. Larger diameter lianas were more abundant in the PES (32%) compared with the SS (18.3%) and the PES (13.1%). Liana diversity (H′) (species richness and abundance) was quantitatively higher in the SS (2.8) than the TSS (2.2) and the PES (2.0). The numbers of lianas carried by tree species differed significantly in the management systems (p &lt; 0.001 each). Liana infestation in the forest was high. The level of liana infestation did not reflect the extent of liana load per tree in the management systems. Larger trees carried significantly more liana individuals than smaller trees in the PES (p = 0.019, r 2 = 0.15). There was a positive significant relationship between host dbh and liana dbh in the PES (p &lt; 0.001, r 2 = 0.23) and TSS (p = 0.024, r 2 = 0.11). Tree diversity appeared to have influenced liana species richness and abundance. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Abundance; Bobiri forest; Impact; Lianas; Management systems; Relationship; Trees	Forestry; Potential energy; Potential energy surfaces; Abundance; Bobiri forest; Impact; Lianas; Management systems; Relationship; Trees; Management; abundance; diameter; ecological impact; forest management; species diversity; species richness; vine; Biodiversity; Energy; Forest Management; Forests; Ghana; Shelterwood; Trees; Africa; Ashanti; Bobiri Forest Reserve; Ghana; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Calycobolus; Griffonia; Griffonia simplicifolia; Motandra guineensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874444327	Impacts of forest management on liana abundance and liana-tree relationships in a tropical forest in Malaysia and implications for conservation	Addo-Fordjour P., Rahmad Z.B., Asyraf M.	2013	International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystems Services and Management	9	1	10.1080/21513732.2012.714798	School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia; Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana	Addo-Fordjour, P., School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia, Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana; Rahmad, Z.B., School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia; Asyraf, M., School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia	This study analysed the impact of the Malayan Uniform management System (MUS) on liana abundance and their relationship with trees in the Bukit Panchor Forest Reserve, Malaysia. Two types of MUS-treated forest, medium-term MUS (M-MUS) and long-term MUS (L-MUS), were identified based on the management time span (19 and 42 years, respectively). Trees with diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm were identified and examined for liana presence (diameter ≥ 2 cm) in ten 40 m × 40 m plots within each forest. Tree seedling and sapling abundance were also determined in a randomly selected 20 m × 20 m subplot within each plot. Liana abundance and infestation rates were significantly higher in the untreated forest than under the M-MUS, although they did not differ from those under the L-MUS. Tree diameter related significantly with liana load and basal area in all the forests except the M-MUS, which contained relatively more uniform diameter trees. Reduction in liana abundance and infestation in the treated forests favoured natural regeneration of the trees. Liana cutting was effective in reducing liana abundance and infestation in the medium term but not in the long term. Therefore, further liana cutting in the long term may be needed to control lianas. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	abundance; forest management; infestation rates; liana-tree relationships; silvicultural treatment	abundance; cutting; deciduous forest; forest management; long-term change; sapling; seedling; silviculture; tropical forest; Malaysia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84889092904	The impact of childhood adversity on suicidality and clinical course in treatment-resistant depression	Tunnard C., Rane L.J., Wooderson S.C., Markopoulou K., Poon L., Fekadu A., Juruena M., Cleare A.J.	2014	Journal of Affective Disorders	None	1	10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.037	Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom; National Affective Disorder Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil	Tunnard, C., Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom, National Affective Disorder Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Rane, L.J., Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom, National Affective Disorder Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Wooderson, S.C., Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom, National Affective Disorder Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Markopoulou, K., Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom, National Affective Disorder Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Poon, L., National Affective Disorder Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; Fekadu, A., Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; Juruena, M., Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom, Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Cleare, A.J., Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, 103 Denmark Hill, Box P074, London SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom, National Affective Disorder Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom	Background Childhood adversity is a risk factor for the development of depression and can also affect clinical course. We investigated this specifically in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Methods One hundred and thirty-seven patients with TRD previously admitted to an inpatient affective disorders unit were included. Clinical, demographic and childhood adversity (physical, sexual, emotional abuse; bullying victimization, traumatic events) data were obtained during admission. Associations between childhood adversity, depressive symptoms and clinical course were investigated. Results Most patients had experienced childhood adversity (62%), with traumatic events (35%) and bullying victimization (29%) most commonly reported. Childhood adversity was associated with poorer clinical course, including earlier age of onset, episode persistence and recurrence. Logistic regression analyses revealed childhood adversity predicted lifetime suicide attempts (OR 2.79; 95% CI 1.14, 6.84) and childhood physical abuse predicted lifetime psychosis (OR 3.42; 95% CI 1.00, 11.70). Limitations The cross-sectional design and retrospective measurement of childhood adversity are limitations of the study. Conclusions Childhood adversity was common amongst these TRD patients and was associated with poor clinical course, psychosis and suicide attempts. Routine assessment of early adversity may help identify at risk individuals and inform clinical intervention. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.	Abuse; Childhood adversity; Childhood trauma; Early life stress; Refractory depression; Suicide; Treatment-resistant depression	anxiolytic agent; hypnotic agent; mood stabilizer; neuroleptic agent; adult; article; bipolar disorder; bullying; child abuse; child sexual abuse; childhood injury; depression; disease course; early life stress; emotional abuse; female; human; logistic regression analysis; major clinical study; major depression; male; onset age; priority journal; psychosis; recurrent disease; suicidal behavior; suicide attempt; symptom; victim; cross-sectional study; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant; life event; middle aged; psychologic test; psychological rating scale; psychology; risk factor; severity of illness index; treatment outcome; Adult Survivors of Child Abuse; Age of Onset; Bullying; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant; Female; Humans; Interview, Psychological; Life Change Events; Male; Middle Aged; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Suicide, Attempted; Treatment Outcome	NIHR, National Institute for Health Research
WoS	WOS:000248543300004	A process evaluation of a school-based adolescent sexual health intervention in rural Tanzania: the MEMA kwa Vijana programme	Hayes, R. J.,Makokha, A.,Mazige, B. C.,Mshana, G.,Obasi, A. I. N.,Plummer, Mary L.,Ross, D. A.,Todd, J.,Wamoyi, J.,Wight, D.	2007	HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH	22	4	10.1093/her/cyl103	University of London, MRC, NIMR AMREF LSHTM Collaborat Projects	None	This study is a process evaluation of the school component of the adolescent sexual health programme MEMA kwa Vijana (MkV), which was implemented in 62 primary schools in rural Mwanza, Tanzania from 1999 to 2001. The MkV curriculum was a teacher-led and peer-assisted programme based on the Social Learning Theory. Process evaluation included observation of training sessions, monitoring and supervision, annual surveys of implementers, group discussions and 158 person-weeks of participant observation. Most teachers taught curriculum content well, but sometimes had difficulty adopting new teaching styles. Peer educators performed scripted dramas well, but were limited as informal educators and behavioural models. The intervention appeared successful in addressing some cognitions, e.g. knowledge of risks and benefits of behaviours, but not others, e.g. perceived susceptibility to risk. MkV shared the characteristics of other African school-based programmes found to be successful, and similarly found significant improvements in self-reported behaviour in surveys. However, a substantial proportion of MkV survey self-reports were inconsistent, there was no consistent impact on biological markers and extensive process evaluation found little impact on several key theoretical determinants of behaviour. Improvements in self-reported survey data alone may provide only a very limited-and perhaps invalid-indication of adolescent sexual health programme success.	,"ABUSE PREVENTION","AFRICAN YOUTH","AIDS EDUCATION-PROGRAM",COMMUNITY,FIDELITY,HIV/AIDS,"HIV PREVENTION",IMPLEMENTATION,"NORTHERN TANZANIA","PEER EDUCATION"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873832167	Evaluation of three grades of binders as matrices in chloroquine phosphate tablets	Okorie O., Nwachukwu N.	2013	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research	18	1	None	Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria	Okorie, O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria; Nwachukwu, N., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria	Three hydrophilic polymers as binder matrices in the formulation of chloroquine phosphate tablets were evaluated. Detarium microcarpium seed gum (DMSG), a natural gum was compared with acacia (a natural gum) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC), a synthetic gum as matrices in the formulation of conventional release chloroquine phosphate. Both acacia and NaCMC served as standards. Chloroquine phosphate tablets were formulated with 1% w/w, 2% w/w, 3% w/w and 4%w/w of DMSG, acacia (AC) and NaCMC using the wet granulation method. Granules prepared on evaluation showed flow rate of 5. 80 ± 0. 22 g/s to 10. 40 ± 0. 00 g/s, angle of repose values of 26. 00 ± 0. 05 to 30. 05 ± 0. 10 °, Carrs Index values of 3. 64 ± 0. 00 to 7. 94 ± 0. 01, and Hausner's quotient values 1. 05 ± 0. 00 to 1. 09 ± 0. 01 for all batches. The tablets obtained from the compressed granules were evaluated for uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, content of active ingredient and in vitro dissolution profile. Tablets were found to conform to British Pharmacopoeia standards. DMSG was found to compare favorably with both AC and NaCMC.	Acacia (AC); Chloroquine phosphate; Detarium microcarpium seed gum (DMSG); Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC)	carboxymethylcellulose; chloroquine; gum arabic; phosphate binding agent; article; bulk density; controlled study; drug solubility; flow rate; in vitro study; tablet disintegration time; tablet formulation; tablet friability; tablet hardness	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952057345	Evaluation of the suspending properties of Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera) gum in pharmaceutical suspensions	Okorie O., Nwachukwu N.	2011	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research	6	2	None	Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria	Okorie, O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria; Nwachukwu, N., Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria	This study aims at the possibility of using the dry gum of Aloe barbadensis (Family Liliaceae) as a suspending agent for zinc oxide suspension. The suspending properties of the test material or gum was evaluated and compared with other known compounds such as acacia and Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) at concentrations of 1% W/V, 2% W/V, and 4% W/V in zinc oxide suspension. The dry gum exudate was characterized and the suspension obtained there from evaluated for sedimentation volume (%), pH, redispersibility, and organoleptic properties. The stability of the formulation increased with increase in gum concentration and results obtained shows that the gum has good and stable suspending properties although at equivalent concentrations, both acacia and NaCMC had better suspending properties. Thus aloe gum can be used in preparations where low viscosity is desirable or its concentration doubled or tripled at higher viscosity requirements.	Acacia; Aloe barbadensis; Characterization; NaCMC; Redispersibility; Sedimentation volume; Suspending agent; Zinc oxide	carboxymethylcellulose; gum arabic; plant gum; zinc oxide; Aloe vera; article; concentration response; controlled study; dispersion; drug formulation; drug stability; drug storage; materials testing; organoleptic property; pH measurement; plant leaf; sedimentation rate; suspension; viscosity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649970133	Comparative analysis of the early growth performance of indigenous acacia species in revegetating Trojan nickel mine tailings in Zimbabwe	Dafana M.M., Nyakudya I.W., Katsvanga C.A.T., Jimu L.	2010	Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry	9	8	None	Department of Environmental Science, Forestry Unit, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe	Dafana, M.M., Department of Environmental Science, Forestry Unit, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Nyakudya, I.W., Department of Agriculture, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Katsvanga, C.A.T., Department of Environmental Science, Forestry Unit, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe; Jimu, L., Department of Environmental Science, Forestry Unit, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe	Indigenous acacia species are preferred in mine dump revegetation because of their ability to colonize hostile environments, enhance soil fertility and meet the livelihood and cultural needs of local communities. This study compared early growth performance of three vindigenous Acacia species namely A. gerrardii, A. karroo and A. polyacantha established on Nickel Mine tailings amended with top soil, sewage sludge, and compound fertilizer. Growth performance in height and root collar diameter (RCD) were measured monthly using a meter rule and a veneer caliper respectively and survival was determined at the end of a six-month period. A completely randomized block design with 12 treatments replicated three times was used. Survival and relative growth rates in height and RCD (RGRh and RGRd), were tested for significant differences among treatments through analysis of variance using SPSS for Windows Version 15.0 (2006). Overall, there were no significance differences (P>0.05) in survival among the Acacia species but variation in survival (P>0.05) was observed among amendments. Species growth performance also varied (P > 0.05) among amendment materials and across species. It was concluded all the three pecies can be used in revegetation of nickel mine tailings dumps under similar conditions.	Acacia; Amendments; Growth performance; Indigenous; Nickel tailings; Survival	Acacia; Acacia gerrardii; Acacia karroo; Acacia polyacantha	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79961144752	Impacts of invasive Australian acacias: Implications for management and restoration	Le Maitre D.C., Gaertner M., Marchante E., Ens E.-J., Holmes P.M., Pauchard A., O'Farrell P.J., Rogers A.M., Blanchard R., Blignaut J., Richardson D.M.	2011	Diversity and Distributions	17	5	10.1111/j.1472-4642.2011.00816.x	Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P. O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, ACT, Australia; Environmental Resource Management, Berkley Road, City of Cape Town, Maitland 7404, South Africa; Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Chile; Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Chile; Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa	Le Maitre, D.C., Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P. O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Gaertner, M., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Marchante, E., Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal; Ens, E.-J., Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, ACT, Australia; Holmes, P.M., Environmental Resource Management, Berkley Road, City of Cape Town, Maitland 7404, South Africa; Pauchard, A., Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Chile, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Chile; O'Farrell, P.J., Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P. O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Rogers, A.M., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Blanchard, R., Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, P. O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa, Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Blignaut, J., Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Richardson, D.M., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Aim The biophysical impacts of invasive Australian acacias and their effects on ecosystem services are explored and used to develop a framework for improved restoration practices. Location South Africa, Portugal and Chile. Methods A conceptual model of ecosystem responses to the increasing severity (density and duration) of invasions was developed from the literature and our knowledge of how these impacts affect options for restoration. Case studies are used to identify similarities and differences between three regions severely affected by invasions of Australian acacias: Acacia dealbata in Chile, Acacia longifolia in Portugal and Acacia saligna in South Africa. Results Australian acacias have a wide range of impacts on ecosystems that increase with time and disturbance, transform ecosystems and alter and reduce ecosystem service delivery. A shared trait is the accumulation of massive seed banks, which enables them to become dominant after disturbances. Ecosystem trajectories and recovery potential suggest that there are important thresholds in ecosystem state and resilience. When these are crossed, options for restoration are radically altered; in many cases, autogenic (self-driven and self-sustaining) recovery to a pre-invasion condition is inhibited, necessitating active intervention to restore composition and function. Main conclusions The conceptual model demonstrates the degree, nature and reversibility of ecosystem degradation and identifies key actions needed to restore ecosystems to desired states. Control and restoration operations, particularly active restoration, require substantial short- to medium-term investments, which can reduce losses of biodiversity and ecosystem services, and the costs to society in the long term. Increasing restoration effectiveness will require further research into linkages between impacts and restoration. This research should involve scientists, practitioners and managers engaged in invasive plant control and restoration programmes, together with society as both the investors in, and beneficiaries of, more effective restoration. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Acacia; Biodiversity loss; Biological invasions; Degradation ecology; Ecosystem functions; Ecosystem services; Impact mechanisms; Invasive species; Seed banks; Soil nutrients	biological invasion; ecological impact; ecosystem function; ecosystem resilience; ecosystem response; ecosystem service; environmental degradation; environmental disturbance; invasive species; legume; population regulation; restoration ecology; seed bank; soil nutrient; Chile; Portugal; South Africa; Acacia; Acacia dealbata; Acacia longifolia; Acacia saligna	None
None	None	Evaluation of nutritive value of browse tree fodder species in semi-arid Kiteto and Kongwa districts of Tanzania	Nassoro Z., Rubanza C.D.K., Kimaro A.A.	2015	Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment	13	42433	None	Department of Conservation Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Dodoma, P.O Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania; ICRAF Tanzania, P.O Box 6226, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Nassoro, Z., Department of Conservation Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Dodoma, P.O Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania; Rubanza, C.D.K., Department of Conservation Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Dodoma, P.O Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania; Kimaro, A.A., ICRAF Tanzania, P.O Box 6226, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	The use of browse tree fodder as supplements to ruminant feeding in the tropics is limited by lack of information on their nutritive potential. A study was carried out based on objectives: (1) to determine chemical composition and concentration of minerals and (2) to assess in vitro digestibility potential of five foliage species of Acacia (A. mellifera, A. senegal, A. tortilis and A. xanthophloea); and Boscia spp. indigenous to Kongwa and Kiteto districts, compared to Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena pallida and Melia azedarach that are established in farmlands in the two districts aiming to fill the existing feed gap for ruminants and soil improvement purposes. Data on chemical and mineral composition were analysed for ANOVA by using SAS software. The browse tree species had high levels of crude protein (CP) that varied (P < 0.05) among the species from 130 to 230 g/kg DM for A. xanthophloea and G. sepium, respectively. The species had moderate to low (P < 0.05) contents of fibers which varied among the species. The NDF ranged from 342 (A. xanthophloea) to 644 g/kg DM (Boscia spp.), ADF from 184 g/kg DM (L. pallida) to 577 g/kg DM (M. azedarach) and ADL from 38 to 175 g/ kg DM. The browse species had adequate levels of macro minerals ranging 2.2 - 12.6, 1.8 - 7.1, 1.4 - 6.4 and 1.5 - 3.1 g/kg DM for Ca, P, Mg and S, respectively. Concentrations of micro minerals were moderate to high (P < 0.05) (4.3 - 53, 155 - 300, 13.1 - 80.9 and 15.2 - 46 mg/kg DM for Cu, Fe, Man and Zn, respectively). The species had high (P < 0.05) in vitro digestibility potential 320 - 671 and 325 - 658 g/kg DM for IVOMD and IVDMD, respectively. Browse tree fodder species with enough foliage biomasses such as A. tortilis (pods), G. sepium, L. pallida and M. azedarach and in the current study could be utilized as protein supplements to ruminant livestock fed on low quality feeds including hays, stovers and crop residues due to their high levels of crude protein and minerals, low fibre contents as well as high digestibility potential. © 2015, World Food Ltd. and WFL Publishers. All rights reserved.	Acacia; Browse fodder; Chemical composition; In vitro digestibility; Minerals; Ruminants	calcium; lignin; magnesium; mineral; organic matter; phosphorus; protein; sulfur; Acacia; acid detergent fiber; animal food; Article; chemical composition; concentration (parameters); digestion; feeding; foliage; Gliricidia; Leucaena; livestock; Melia azedarach; neutral detergent fiber; nonhuman; nutritional value; plant residue; season; Tanzania	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79961033423	Cryptic herbivores mediate the strength and form of ungulate impacts on a long-lived savanna tree	Maclean J.E., Goheen J.R., Doak D.F., Palmer T.M., Young T.P.	2011	Ecology	92	8	10.1890/10-2097.1	Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Mpala Research Centre, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya; Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States; Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States; Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States	Maclean, J.E., Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada, Mpala Research Centre, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya; Goheen, J.R., Mpala Research Centre, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States, Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States; Doak, D.F., Mpala Research Centre, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States; Palmer, T.M., Mpala Research Centre, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya, Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Young, T.P., Mpala Research Centre, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States	Plant populations are regulated by a diverse array of herbivores that impose demographic filters throughout their life cycle. Few studies, however, simultaneously quantify the impacts of multiple herbivore guilds on the lifetime performance or population growth rate of plants. In African savannas, large ungulates (such as elephants) are widely regarded as important drivers of woody plant population dynamics, while the potential impacts of smaller, more cryptic herbivores (such as rodents) have largely been ignored. We combined a largescale ungulate exclusion experiment with a five-year manipulation of rodent densities to quantify the impacts of three herbivore guilds (wild ungulates, domestic cattle, and rodents) on all life stages of a widespread savanna tree. We utilized demographic modeling to reveal the overall role of each guild in regulating tree population dynamics, and to elucidate the importance of different demographic hurdles in driving population growth under contrasting consumer communities. We found that wild ungulates dramatically reduced population growth, shifting the population trajectory from increase to decline, but that the mechanisms driving these effects were strongly mediated by rodents. The impact of wild ungulates on population growth was predominantly driven by their negative effect on tree reproduction when rodents were excluded, and on adult tree survival when rodents were present. By limiting seedling survival, rodents also reduced population growth; however, this effect was strongly dampened where wild ungulates were present. We suggest that these complex interactions between disparate consumer guilds can have important consequences for the population demography of long-lived species, and that the effects of a single consumer group are often likely to vary dramatically depending on the larger community in which interactions are embedded. © 2011 by the Ecological Society of America.	Acacia drepanolobium; African savanna; Demography; Herbivory; Kenya; Kenya Long-term Exclosure Experiment; Lambda; Matrix model; Mpala Research Centre; Rodent; Seed predation; Tree recruitment; Ungulate	cattle; exclusion experiment; growth rate; guild; herbivore; life cycle; plant community; plant-herbivore interaction; population decline; population growth; population modeling; population regulation; rodent; savanna; seedling emergence; survival; ungulate; woody plant; Acacia; Africa; animal; antelope; article; cattle; ecosystem; elephant; feeding behavior; horse; physiology; rodent; tree; Acacia; Africa; Animals; Antelopes; Cattle; Ecosystem; Elephants; Equidae; Feeding Behavior; Rodentia; Trees; Kenya; Acacia drepanolobium; Bos taurus; Elephantidae; Rodentia; Ungulata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859450037	Impact of Acacia drepanolobium (an invasive woody species) on Gum-resin resources and local livelihood in Borana, southern Ethiopia	Terefe B., Limenih M., Gure A., Angassa A.	2011	Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems	14	3	None	Samara University, Ethiopia; Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resource Management, Hawassa University, Ethiopia; Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, Ethiopia; Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Germany	Terefe, B., Samara University, Ethiopia; Limenih, M., Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resource Management, Hawassa University, Ethiopia; Gure, A., Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resource Management, Hawassa University, Ethiopia; Angassa, A., Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, Ethiopia, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Germany	We investigated the impact of Acacia drepanolobium, a species threatening rangeland resources including Gum-resin production and pastoralists' livelihoods in Borana. Data were collected through vegetation surveys, key informant interviews, use of formal questionnaires and focus group discussions. We found a total of 22 woody species in the study area. A. drepanolobium was found to be the most dominant (22%) and abundant (65%) invasive woody species with an importance value index (IVI) of 103. According to our respondents, A. drepanolobium was the first widely expanded woody species followed by Dichrostachys cinerea and A. mellifera. Eighty seven percent of our respondents ranked A. drepanolobium as the most invading woody species during their life time. Overall, our results demonstrated that the impact of A. drepanolobium had greatly affected the condition of rangeland vegetation. The implication is that the reduction in the capacity of rangelands for livestock grazing could reduce the resilience of local livelihood under changing environmental conditions. Furthermore, pastoralists' perception indicated that the expansion of A. drepanolobium had reduced the survival of Gum-resin producing species. Generally, the shift from cattle based pastoral economy to mixed livestock types could be attributed to the expansion of A. drepanolobium that forced the community to shift their mode of production. We confirmed that A. drepanolobium is an invasive indigenous woody species with multiple effects on the ecology of rangelands and on the livelihood security of pastoral communities.	Acacia drepanolobium; Borana; Bush encroachment; Importance value index; Invasiveness; Livelihood security; Rangeland ecology	Acacia; Acacia drepanolobium; Acacia mellifera; Bos; Dichrostachys cinerea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84876435776	Impact of Prosopis invasion on a keystone tree species in the Kalahari Desert	Schachtschneider K., February E.C.	2013	Plant Ecology	214	4	10.1007/s11258-013-0192-z	Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa; CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa	Schachtschneider, K., Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa, CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; February, E.C., Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa	Several Prosopis species were introduced into South Africa in the last century. Since then two species, Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana and Prosopisvelutina have invaded large parts of arid southern Africa. Here, we examine the extent to which increased mortality of Acacia erioloba, a keystone species in the Kalahari Desert, can be attributed to competition for water with Prosopis. We do this for A. erioloba and Prosopis sp. at invaded, as well as cleared sites through a determination of species abundance, canopy vitality, plant water stress and plant water source. Our stable isotope results show that in the riparian zone both A. erioloba and Prosopis are using the same water source. Our results also show that there is a 50 % increase in canopy dieback of A. erioloba in the invaded river plots relative to the cleared river plots. This dieback cannot be related to changes in rainfall and temperature as there were no adverse fluctuations (drought) in the weather in the 10 years preceding our study. We speculate that because A. erioloba is more water stressed in the invaded river plot this increase in mortality and dieback is related to plant moisture stress that is not related to climate but to competition for water with Prosopis. Our study gives strong support for the eradication of Prosopis from rivers in arid parts of Southern Africa. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Acacia erioloba; Alien invasive; Kalahari Desert; Keystone species; Prosopis; Water	abundance; arid region; biological invasion; dicotyledon; dieback; ecological impact; keystone species; mortality; riparian zone; stable isotope; water stress; Kalahari Desert; Acacia; Acacia erioloba; Prosopis; Prosopis glandulosa; Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33646425859	Linking a population model with an ecosystem model: Assessing the impact of land use and climate change on savanna shrub cover dynamics	Tews J., Esther A., Milton S.J., Jeltsch F.	2006	Ecological Modelling	195	42433	10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.11.025	Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany; Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa	Tews, J., Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany; Esther, A., Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany; Milton, S.J., Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa; Jeltsch, F., Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany	In semiarid savannas of Southern Africa current land use practices and climate change may lead to substantial changes of vegetation structure in the near future, however uncertainty remains about the potential consequences and the magnitude of change. In this paper we study the impact of climate change, cattle grazing, and wood cutting on shrub cover dynamics in savannas of the southern Kalahari. We use an established savanna ecosystem model to simulate landscape dynamics in terms of rainfall, fire and distribution of the dominant tree Acacia erioloba. We then incorporate these data into a spatial population model of the common, fleshy-fruited shrub Grewia flava and investigate shrub cover dynamics for a period of 100 years. Depending on the intensity of commercial wood cutting practices tree removal of A. erioloba led to a strong decline of the G. flava population, as shrub recruitment is concentrated in tree sub-canopies due to bird-mediated seed dispersal. Under climate change shrub cover slightly decreased with decreasing precipitation and was unchanged with increase in precipitation variability. Contrarily, grazing by cattle strongly increased shrub cover and facilitated shrub encroachment because of cattle-induced distribution of G. flava seeds into the matrix vegetation. Knowledge of the latter process is particularly important because shrub invasion is a major concern for conservation and savanna rangeland management as a result of its adverse effects on livestock carrying capacity and biodiversity. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Acacia erioloba; Bush encroachment; Global change; Grewia flava; Overgrazing; Seed dispersal; Shrub encroachment; Southern Kalahari; Spatial-explicit simulation model	Climate change; Land use; Mathematical models; Regional planning; Vegetation; Acacia erioloba; Bush encroachment; Global change; Grewia flava; Overgrazing; Seed dispersal; Shrub encroachment; Southern Kalahari; Spatial-explicit simulation model; Ecosystems; climate change; grazing; land use; landscape change; savanna; semiarid region; shrub; Africa; Kalahari Desert; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Acacia; Acacia erioloba; Aves; Bos taurus; Grewia; Grewia flava	None
None	None	Effects of Acacia nilotica, A. polyacantha and Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal supplementation on performance of Small East African goats fed native pasture hay basal forages	Rubanza C.D.K., Shem M.N., Bakengesa S.S., Ichinohe T., Fujihara T.	2007	Small Ruminant Research	70	42403	10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.02.008	United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan; Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI), P.O. Box 1257, Shinyanga, Tanzania; Laboratory of Animal Science, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan	Rubanza, C.D.K., United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan, Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI), P.O. Box 1257, Shinyanga, Tanzania, Laboratory of Animal Science, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan; Shem, M.N., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Bakengesa, S.S., Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI), P.O. Box 1257, Shinyanga, Tanzania; Ichinohe, T., Laboratory of Animal Science, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan; Fujihara, T., Laboratory of Animal Science, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan	Optimal utilisation of tannin-rich browse tree fodders including Acacia spp. foliages as crude protein (CP) supplements to ruminants in the tropics is limited by less available information on their feed nutritive potential. Two studies were conducted to: (1) determine rate and extent of ruminal dry matter (DM) degradability (DMD) and (2) investigate effect of sun-dried Acacia nilotica (NLM), A. polyacantha (PLM) and Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal (LLM) supplementation on growth performance of 20 growing (7-9 months old) Small East African male goats (14.6 ± 0.68 kg) fed on native pasture hay (NPH) basal diet for 84 days in a completely randomised design experiment in north-western Tanzania. The goats were randomised into four treatment groups consisting of five animals each. Three supplement diets: 115.3 g NLM (T2), 125.9 g PLM (T3) and 124.1 g LLM (T4), which was used as a positive control, were supplemented at 20% of the expected DM intake (DMI; i.e., 3% body weight) to the three animal groups fed on NPH (basal diet) compared to the animals in a control group that were fed on NPH without browse supplementation (T1). NPH had significantly the lowest (P &lt; 0.05) CP of 45.5 g kg-1 DM compared to NLM, PLM and LLM (159, 195 and 187 g kg-1 DM, respectively). NPH had higher (P &lt; 0.05) fibre fractions; lower ruminal DM degradability characteristics and ME than NLM, PLM and LLM. Supplementation of the animals with browse resulted to (P &lt; 0.05) higher average daily weight gains (ADG) of 157.1 g day-1 in T4 than the animals fed on T2 (114.3 g day-1) and T3 (42.9 g day-1), and even to those fed on T1 (control), which lost weight (-71.4 g day-1). Improved weight gains were mainly due to corrected feed nitrogen (N) or CP due to supplementation of the animals with browse fodder. Too low CP of the NPH would not meet the normal requirements of CP (80 g CP kg-1 DM) for optimal rumen microbial function in ruminants. Higher ADG due to LLM (T4) and NLM (T2) supplementation suggest optimised weight gains due to browse supplementation (20% of expected DMI); while lower weight gains from supplementation with PLM (T3) indicate the possible utilisation of A. polyacantha leaves to overcome weight losses especially during dry seasons. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Acacia; Fodder; Goats; Growth; Leucaena leucocephala; Tanzania	Acacia; Acacia nilotica; Acacia polyacantha; Animalia; Bovidae; Capra hircus; Leucaena leucocephala	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58149472211	Performance of planted indigenous trees, Acacia galpinii and Faidherbia albida, in semi-arid Botswana	Walker K.P., Theron J.M., Moseki B.	2008	Southern Forests	70	3	10.2989/SF.2008.70.3.3.664	Malotwana Silvopastoral Farm, PO Box 2386, Mochudi, Botswana; Department of Forest and Wood Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag, UB 00704 Gaborone, Botswana	Walker, K.P., Malotwana Silvopastoral Farm, PO Box 2386, Mochudi, Botswana; Theron, J.M., Department of Forest and Wood Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Moseki, B., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag, UB 00704 Gaborone, Botswana	Two popular indigenous browse, shade and poles trees, Acacia galpinii and Faidherbia albida, were evaluated for survival and growth on-farm in Malotwana, Botswana, with a mean annual rainfall of 450 mm. The trial was a two species x three spacing factorial experiment in a randomised complete block design replicated five times. The three spacings were 5 m x 5 m, 6.3 m x 5 m and 8.3 m x 5 m. The study was conducted over 6.5 years. The results showed that A. galpinii is a promising poles, browse and shade species, while F. albida exhibited high mortality (67%) at 4.5 years (after below-average rainfall). The crown width of A. galpinii ranged from 5.86 ± 0.24 m at high density to 6.56 ± 0.25 m in low-density plots. The difference in crown width among densities was significant (p = 0.0406). Diameter at breast height ranged between 10.4 ± 0.68 cm at high density to 12.5 ± 0.64 cm in low-density plantings and was significantly different among spacings (p = 0.0003). Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd.	Acacia galpinii; Faidherbia albida; Indigenous trees	Acacia; Acacia galpinii; Faidherbia albida	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79953067235	Evaluation of the effective baking conditions for grade 3 Nigerian acacia species bonded foundry sand cores	Ademoh N.A., Abdullahi A.T.	2010	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	2	6	None	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nigerian Defence Academy, P.M.B 2109, Kaduna, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria	Ademoh, N.A., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nigerian Defence Academy, P.M.B 2109, Kaduna, Nigeria; Abdullahi, A.T., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria	The most effective economical baking conditions were determined for foundry cores bonded with the grade 3 Nigerian acacia species exudates. Silica sand base cores bonded with the material were oven baked at temperatures ranging from 160 to 250°C for varying periods oven cooled and then subjected to tensile strength tests to ascertain the best baking conditions for different alloy castings. The experimental core specimens were in accordance with foundry test standard, shaped like figure number eight. They were tested with standard universal strength machine equipped with attachment for gripping the cores and an instantaneous meter from which the test values were read. The result were compared with established standard foundry core property table which showed that the class Viron/steel cores are best made with 3% acacia bonded silica sand baked at 160°C for 1 h. For magnesium cores, sand bonded with 4.5% acacia baked at 160°C for 1-2 h was optimum. For class IV iron/steel cores 4.5% acacia bonded sand baked at 180°C for 1 hour was optimal. Sand bonded with 4.5% grade 3 acacia baked at 200°C for 1.0-2.0 h was optimum for copper, aluminium, classes II and III iron/steel cores. Sand bonded with 8.0-13.0% grade 3 N igerian acacia species baked at 200°C for 1.5-2 h was found most effective for class I iron and steel cores. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2010.	Acacia grade 3; Baking; Cores; Oven; Temperature	Acacia grade 3; Acacia species; Alloy castings; Baking; Bonded silica; Class I; Cores; Iron and steel; Nigerians; Test standards; Foundry practice; Iron; Magnesium; Magnesium castings; Ovens; Silica; Silica sand; Standards; Stoves; Tensile strength; Foundry sand	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20144371727	Impact of Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation on an alluvial soil in south eastern Botswana	Aweto A.O., Moleele N.M.	2005	International Journal of Environmental Studies	62	2	10.1080/0020723042000275141	Department of Geography, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana	Aweto, A.O., Department of Geography, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Moleele, N.M., Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana	This paper examines the impact of a 33-year plantation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on an alluvial soil in Gaborone, south eastern Botswana, by comparing the soil under the plantation with similar soil under an adjoining native savanna woodland dominated by Acacia karoo. Soil clay content was significantly higher in the plantation soil in both the 0-10cm and 10-20cm layers. There were no significant differences between soil under the two ecosystems with respect to the levels of organic matter, exchangeable potassium and available phosphorus. Despite the higher clay contents of the plantation soil, exchangeable calcium and magnesium and pH were higher in soil under the native woodland. This suggests that E. camaldulensis immobilizes soil nutrients faster and that plantation nutrient cycles are less efficient than in the native Acacia woodland. Consequently, soil nutrient deficiency will limit plantation productivity after the first few rotations. It is important to adopt tree harvesting techniques that reduce drain on soil nutrients at the end of a plantation rotation. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group Ltd.	Acacia karoo; Botswana; Eucalyptus camaldulensis; Savanna; Soil nutrients	Clay; Ecosystems; Hardwoods; Harvesting; Phosphorus; Alluvial soil; Organic matters; Soil nutrient; Woodlands; Soils; Clay; Ecosystems; Eucalyptus; Harvesting; Phosphorus; Soil; Acacia; Eucalyptus camaldulensis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33745014769	Long-term impacts of goat browsing on bush-clump dynamics in a semi-arid subtropical savanna	Hester A.J., Scogings P.F., Trollope W.S.W.	2006	Plant Ecology	183	2	10.1007/s11258-005-9039-6	Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, United Kingdom; Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa; Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa	Hester, A.J., Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, United Kingdom, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Scogings, P.F., Department of Agriculture, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa; Trollope, W.S.W., Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa	The effects of 16 years of continuous browsing by goats in a South African savanna at stocking rates intended for bush control were compared with plots unbrowsed for the same period of time. Differences in bush-clump density, structure and species composition were recorded. Bush-clump density did not differ between browsed and unbrowsed plots. Within individual bush-clumps, browsing was shown to impact more on structure than species composition, with smaller, shorter bush-clumps, containing fewer species but much greater stem-densities. Although species presence/absence was little affected by browsing, many species showed differences in abundance, growth and location within browsed and unbrowsed bush-clumps. Species reduced in abundance in browsed plots included Cussonia spicata, Ehretia rigida, Grewia occidentalis, Jasminum angulare and Senecio linifolius. Several species showed reduced growth in browsed plots, particularly those located at bush-clump edges. The relatively unpreferred Aloe ferox was a notable exception. Although browsing had little effect on the composition of the main clump founding species, emergents or late arrivals, there were twice as many single plants in browsed plots and emergence of several species was restricted to the middle of bush-clumps. Comparison of our findings with aerial photographic evidence and other literature suggest that browsing alone is unlikely to significantly reduce scrub cover, although it can clearly control further expansion. Combinations of fire and browsing, rather than one factor alone, are considered likely to act fastest and most effectively to significantly reduce or remove scrub cover altogether. © Springer 2005.	Acacia karroo; Biological control; Species richness; Succession	aerial photograph; biological control; browsing; feeding behavior; goat; savanna; semiarid region; shrub; species richness; stocking density; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Aloe; Aloe ferox; Capra hircus; Cussonia spicata; Ehretia rigida; Grewia; Grewia occidentalis; Jasminum; Senecio	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58849119153	Effects of dietary energy level and tanniferous Acacia karroo leaf meal level of supplementation at finisher stage on performance and carcass characteristics of ross 308 broiler chickens in South Africa	Ng'ambi J.W., Nakalebe P.M., Norris D., Malatje M.S., Mbajiorgu C.A.	2009	International Journal of Poultry Science	8	1	None	Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa	Ng'ambi, J.W., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Nakalebe, P.M., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Norris, D., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Malatje, M.S., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Mbajiorgu, C.A., Department of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa	The study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary energy level and tanniniferous Acacia karroo leaf meal level of supplementation at finisher stage on performance and carcass characteristics of male and female Ross 308 broiler chickens. Three hundred and sixty, 21 days old male and female broiler chickens were assigned to twelve treatments with three replications of ten birds in a 2 (sex) x 3 (dietary energy level) x 3 (tanniniferous Acacia karroo leaf meal level) factorial, complete randomized design. Supplementation with Acacia karroo leaf meal had no effect on diet intake, digestibility and live weight of broiler chickens. However, supplementation with 9 and 12 g of Acacia karroo leaf meal per kg DM feed reduced fat pad weights in male broiler chickens by 26 and 29% points, respectively. Similarly, supplementation with 9 and 12 g of Acacia karroo leaf meal per kg DM feed reduced fat pad weights in female chickens by 26% points. These reductions were achieved without any significant reduction in feed intake and digestibility. However, the physiological explanation for this effect is not clear and it, thus, merits further investigation. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Acacia karroo; Digestibility; Fat pad; Nitrogen retention; Ross 308 broiler chickens	Acacia; Acacia karroo; Aves; Gallus gallus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947486022	Temporal changes in the impacts on plant communities of an invasive alien tree, Acacia longifolia	Marchante H., Marchante E., Freitas H., Hoffmann J.H.	2015	Plant Ecology	216	11	10.1007/s11258-015-0530-4	Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, Bencanta, Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Marchante, H., Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, Bencanta, Coimbra, Portugal, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, Portugal; Marchante, E., Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, Portugal; Freitas, H., Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, Portugal; Hoffmann, J.H., Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Studies on the impacts of invasive plants are common but most are short term and fail to consider the temporal context of invasion. The present work investigated particular invasions on two different time scales and asked: (1) Do the impacts of an invasive tree on plant communities change after decades of invasion? (2) Are patterns of impacts dynamic over a period of five years? (3) Can multiple parameters reveal impacts that are unnoticed when single-value parameters are measured alone? Contrasting plant communities (long invaded, recently invaded and non-invaded) of a Portuguese coastal dune were compared during a 5-year period to assess the impacts of the invasive Acacia longifolia. Plant diversity, richness, cover, plant traits, indicator species analysis, similarity between areas and species turnover were analysed to reveal spatial and temporal patterns of change. Native species richness declined in both invaded areas. As invasion time increased, species shared with natural habitats decreased along with native plant cover, diversity and species turnover. Many species typical of dunes were replaced by generalists and exotics species, and richness of species with some level of nitrophily increased, particularly in recently invaded areas. Life form spectrum was radically transformed in invaded areas with several small-sized life forms being replaced by one single microphanerophyte. Germination of A. longifolia was greatest in long invaded areas. Findings show that modification of plant communities intensifies with invasion time and that invasion promotes a diversity of structural and functional changes which are dynamic over a few years (medium-term scale) but which tend to stabilize after several decades (long-term scale). An analysis of parameters in combination revealed changes that were not apparent when the same parameters were considered separately. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Acacia longifolia; Coastal ecosystems; Indicator species analysis; Invasion chronology; Long-term impacts; Medium-term impacts; Plant traits; Species turn over	biological invasion; chronology; coastal zone; community dynamics; ecological impact; invasive species; legume; long-term change; plant community; spatiotemporal analysis; subtropical region; turnover; Portugal; Acacia longifolia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051928744	Therapeutic evaluation of Acacia nilotica (Linn) stem bark extract in experimental African trypanosomiasis	Ogbadoyi E.O., Garba M.H., Kabiru A.Y., Mann A., Okogun J.I.	2011	International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products	4	2	None	Global Institute for Bioexploration, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Department of Animal production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Science Laboratory Technology Department, Federal P	Ogbadoyi, E.O., Global Institute for Bioexploration, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Garba, M.H., Global Institute for Bioexploration, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, Department of Animal production Technology, Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria; Kabiru, A.Y., Global Institute for Bioexploration, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Mann, A., Science Laboratory Technology Department, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria; Okogun, J.I., Department of Traditional Medicine and Medicinal Plants Research, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Nigeria	Chemotherapy of African trypanosomiasis still remains far from being satisfactory, being severely limited by a number of factors including unacceptable toxicity, increasing parasite resistance, high cost and unavailability. There is an urgent need for therapeutic agents that are effective, affordable and accessible to the rural poor in Africa who bear most of the disease burden. The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Acacia nilotica in experimental Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in mice. Methanol extract of stem bark of the plant was investigated for its therapeutic effects in experimental African trypanosomiasis. Acute toxicity studies were also conducted. Crude extract of 70% v/v (Methanol/Water) at a dose of 400mg kg-1 body weight per day completely cured the experimental T.b. brucei infection in mice, while doses of 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400mgkg-1 body weight per day of the partially purified extract completely cured the experimental infection in mice within two days. Sub inoculation of blood and cerebrospinal fluid drawn from the cured mice into healthy mice failed to produce any infection within 28 days of post inoculation. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of carbohydrates, saponin, tannin and cardiac glycoside. LD50 of the partially purified extract was found to be 2000mg/kg body weight, the extract being acutely toxic at a dose of 1600mgkg-1 body weight. It is concluded that methanol extract of stem bark of A. nilotica cures experimental T. b. brucei infection in mice. The findings in this study provide very useful clue for biopharmaceutical industries and drug manufacturers for the development of phytotherapeutic agents from this plant, not only for therapeutic intervention in the control of African trypanosomiasis but also for the treatment of cancer. This is because of the strong link between Chemotherapy of human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and cancer chemotherapy as every drug currently used for the treatment of sleeping sickness has some form of anticancer activity. Moreover, the plant is used in folk medicine for the treatment of cancer. The potential is also very high for the manufacture of highly efficacious drugs for the treatment of sleeping sickness and/or cancer through synthetic modification of isolated bioactive phytoconstituents from this plant. The possibility also exists for the development of anti-diabetic drugs from extracts of this plant. © 2011. IJARNP-HS Publications.	Acacia nilotica; Chemotherapy; Trypanosoma; Trypanosomiasis	Acacia nilotica; Mus; Trypanosoma; Trypanosoma brucei brucei	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-39749160280	Effect of polyethylene glycol 4000 supplementation on the performance of indigenous Pedi goats fed different levels of Acacia nilotica leaf meal and ad libitum Buffalo grass hay	Motubatse M.R., Ng'ambi J.W., Norris D., Malatje M.M.	2008	Tropical Animal Health and Production	40	3	10.1007/s11250-007-9086-1	Dept. of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa	Motubatse, M.R., Dept. of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Ng'ambi, J.W., Dept. of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Norris, D., Dept. of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; Malatje, M.M., Dept. of Animal Production, University of Limpopo, P Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa	In a first of two experiments, twenty yearling male Pedi goats weighing 21.3±0.5 kg live weight were used in a 37-day study in a 2 (levels of PEG 4000) × 2 (levels of Acacia) Factorial arrangement in a Completely Randomised Design to determine the effect of the level of Acacia nilotica leaf meal supplementation plus 23 g polyethylene glycol 4000 on diet intake and digestibility, and growth rate of Pedi goats fed ad libitum Buffalo grass hay. Acacia nilotica leaf meal contained high amounts of total phenolics (2.04 % DM) and low amounts of condensed tannins; both extracted (0.37 % DM) and unextracted (1.83 % DM). Supplementation with PEG 4000 increased (P<0.05) crude protein intake as the level of Acacia nilotica leaf meal increased from 80 to 120 g. Similarly, treatment with PEG 4000 improved (P<0.05) DM, OM and CP digestibilities when compared to 80 g Acacia nilotica leaf meal. Supplementation with PEG 4000 resulted in an increase (P<0.05) in blood urea concentrations. Polyethylene glycol 4000 has the potential to improve the feeding value of A. nilotica leaf meal and can, therefore, be used in the feeding systems for ruminant animals. The second experiment determined the effect of A. nilotica leaf meal supplementation on in vitro digestibility of the diets similar to the actual ratios of the first experiment. Level of A. nilotica leaf meal supplementation plus 23 g PEG 4000 supplementation improved (P<0.05) in vitro DM, OM and CP digestibilities where 120 g A. nilotica leaf meal was supplemented. Similarly, 23 g PEG 4000 supplementation also improved (P<0.05) in vitro CP digestibility where 80 g A. nilotica leaf meal was supplemented. In vivo DM and OM digestibilities were best predicted from in vitro DM and OM digestibilities while in vivo CP was explained by in vitro OM and CP digestibilities. It is, therefore, concluded that in vitro DM and OM digestibilities have good capacity to predict in vivo DM and OM digestibilities while OM and CP digestibilities have good capacity to predict in vivo CP digestibility. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	Acacia nilotica; Goats; Polyethylene glycol; Tannins	macrogol derivative; tannin derivative; Acacia; animal; animal food; article; crossover procedure; diet supplementation; digestion; dose response; duodenum; goat; growth, development and aging; male; metabolism; nutritional value; physiology; plant leaf; Poaceae; randomization; ruminant stomach; weight gain; Acacia; Animal Feed; Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Duodenum; Goats; Male; Nutritive Value; Plant Leaves; Poaceae; Polyethylene Glycols; Random Allocation; Rumen; Tannins; Weight Gain; Acacia; Acacia nilotica; Animalia; Bovidae; Capra hircus; Urochloa mutica	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84865291371	Can floral traits predict an invasive plant's impact on native plant-pollinator communities?	Gibson M.R., Richardson D.M., Pauw A.	2012	Journal of Ecology	100	5	10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.02004.x	Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, 7602, Matieland, South Africa; Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, 7602, Matieland, South Africa	Gibson, M.R., Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, 7602, Matieland, South Africa; Richardson, D.M., Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, 7602, Matieland, South Africa; Pauw, A., Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, 7602, Matieland, South Africa	The possession of certain floral traits can determine which insects visit a plant species. If two species possess similar floral traits that determine shared flower visitors, floral traits can be said to mediate plant-plant interactions. Such indirect interactions are important for understanding fundamental relationships of plant communities, such as competition and facilitation but thus far have only been tested within a native community context. We test whether floral-trait similarity can be used to predict interactions between an invasive plant and co-occurring native species in South Africa's Cape Floristic Region. We surveyed flower visitation at invaded and uninvaded plots across four sites and correlated floral-trait similarity between invasive and native species with both invasion impact on native flower visitation and flower visitor overlap of natives and the invasive species. Similarity of all traits (categorical and continuous) and categorical traits alone explained invasion impact (flower visitor overlap) between the native and invasive species. The majority of flower visitor overlap was attributed to the native honeybee Apis mellifera subsp. capensis. This study is the first to show that floral traits can be used to predict novel plant-plant interactions, even amongst ecologically generalized flower visitors and plants and to predict potential impacts of an invasive species on native flowering communities. However, floral traits were not useful for predicting changes in visitation to plant species. Synthesis. Results advance our understanding of the role of plant traits in ecological communities and reveal that they are important in mediating not only plant-pollinator interactions but also plant-plant interactions. Our findings also shed light on invasive-native plant interactions via pollinators and have the potential to predict certain invasion impacts. Results advance our understanding of the role of plant traits in ecological communities and reveal that they are important in mediating not only plant-pollinator interactions but also plant-plant interactions. Our findings also shed light on invasive-native plant interactions via pollinators and have the potential to predict certain invasion impacts. © 2012 British Ecological Society.	Acacia saligna; Biological invasions; Flower morphology; Fynbos; Generalist; Honeybee; Invasion ecology; Plant-insect interactions; Plant-plant interactions; Pollination syndromes	coexistence; community structure; competition (ecology); flower visiting; generalist; honeybee; intraspecific interaction; invasive species; morphology; native species; plant community; plant-pollinator interaction; pollination; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-64549099309	Nitrogen dynamics in land cleared of alien vegetation (Acacia Saligna) and impacts on groundwater at Riverlands nature reserve (Western Cape, South Africa)	Jovanovic N.Z., Israel S., Tredoux G., Soltau L., Le Maitre D., Rusinga F., Rozanov A., van der Merwe N.	2009	Water SA	35	1	None	CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Department of Soil Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Ninham Shand Consulting Service, PO Box 1347, Cape Town 8000, South Africa	Jovanovic, N.Z., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Israel, S., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Tredoux, G., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Soltau, L., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Le Maitre, D., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa; Rusinga, F., CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, PO Box 32, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa, Ninham Shand Consulting Service, PO Box 1347, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; Rozanov, A., Department of Soil Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; van der Merwe, N., Department of Soil Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Woody invading alien plants, many of which are nitrogen-fixing legumes (Fabaceae family), are currently cleared in South African catchments to reduce water loss and preserve streamflow, and for the restoration of the ecosystem. This study tested the hypothesis that clearing invasive alien vegetation may disturb the vegetation-micro-organism-soil N cycling system by producing a large once-off input of fresh tree litterfall rich in N and by eliminating a large N sink. Three experimental plots were established at the Riverlands Nature Reserve (Western Cape, South Africa): a site invaded by Acacia saligna to be used as control; a site cleared of Acacia saligna; and a site with natural vegetation to be used as background. Nitrogen concentrations in soil and groundwater, volumetric soil water contents, root density and weather conditions were measured during 2007. Oxidised forms of nitrogen, in particular NO3-, were dominant in the system. Recharge and leachate were simulated with the HYDRUS-2D model and used as inputs into Visual MODFLOW to predict the spatial distribution of nitrate plus nitrite (NOx) in groundwater. NOx levels in soil and groundwater were higher in alien-invaded areas compared to fynbos-covered land. A quick release of NOx into groundwater was observed due to high residual N reserves in the rooting zone, decreased evapotranspiration and increased recharge in the treatment cleared of alien vegetation. In the long run, high NOx concentrations in groundwater underlying cleared land will last only until all the excess nitrogen has been leached from the soil. A decrease in NOx concentration in groundwater can be expected thereafter. Clearing land of alien invasive legumes may therefore have a beneficial effect by reducing groundwater contamination from NOx and reducing water losses in catchments.	Acacia saligna; Forest clearing; Groundwater contamination; Nitrate leaching; Riverlands nature reserve	Acacia saligna; Forest clearing; Groundwater contamination; Nitrate leaching; Riverlands nature reserve; Catchments; Contamination; Evapotranspiration; Forestry; Groundwater; Groundwater pollution; Hydrogeology; Leaching; Nitrogen; Nitrogen fixation; Runoff; Size distribution; Soil moisture; Underground reservoirs; Underwater soils; Vegetation; Water supply; Water treatment; catchment; concentration (composition); evapotranspiration; forest clearance; groundwater flow; groundwater pollution; hydrogeochemistry; hydrological modeling; hypothesis testing; introduced species; leachate; leaching; legume; nitrogen cycle; nitrogen fixation; nitrogen oxides; pollution control; recharge; restoration ecology; soil nitrogen; soil water; streamflow; Forestry; Geology; Ground Water; Land; Leaching; Natural Resources; Nitrate Groups; Nitrogen; Pollution; Reserves; Rivers; Soil Analysis; Transpiration; Water Quality; Water Treatment; Africa; Riverlands Provincial Nature Reserve; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Cape; Acacia; Acacia saligna; Fabaceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78951483932	Performance of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd Provenances in Dryland Savannah of Niger	Larwanou M., Raebild A., Issa R., Kjæer E.D.	2010	Silvae Genetica	59	5	None	Université Abdou Moumouni, Faculté d'Agronomie, Niamey, Niger; University of Copenhagen, Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning, Horsholm Kongevej 11, DK-2970 Hersholm, Denmark; African Forest Forum, C/o World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, Nairobi, Kenya	Larwanou, M., Université Abdou Moumouni, Faculté d'Agronomie, Niamey, Niger, African Forest Forum, C/o World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, Nairobi, Kenya; Raebild, A., University of Copenhagen, Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning, Horsholm Kongevej 11, DK-2970 Hersholm, Denmark; Issa, R., Université Abdou Moumouni, Faculté d'Agronomie, Niamey, Niger; Kjæer, E.D., University of Copenhagen, Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning, Horsholm Kongevej 11, DK-2970 Hersholm, Denmark	A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of 11 Acacia senegal provenances in Niger, West Africa, grown on 2 different soil types. Among the provenances, 6 are from Niger, 4 from Mali and 1 from Sudan. The assessment was carried out with measurements of growth parameters (survival rate, height, diameter and basal area) as well as gum and fruit production at age 15. The results showed significant differences in growth parameters between soil types and provenances. The provenances from Mali perform best, followed by the local Niger provenances. There were no significant differences in gum and fruit production between provenances, but it cannot be excluded that this was a result of limited power in the test of provenance variation in these traits. Survival of the provenances was correlated to the precipitation and the latitude of the origin, whereas basal area was correlated to latitude, and height was correlated to longitude/altitude at the origin. Recommendations could be made for genetic selection of two Mali provenances if growth is a desired character. We conclude that recommendations in terms of gum and fruit production must be based on a relative high number of sample trees as tree to tree variation within provenances may be large. Acacia Senegal,.	Acacia senegal; Clines; Growth; Gum arabic; Niger; Provenance trial	Clines; Growth; Gum arabic; Niger; Provenance trial; Senegal; Adhesives; Soils; Fruits; Acacia; Acacia senegal	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350361999	Evaluation of ethiopian plant extracts, Acacia seyal and withania somnifera, to control green mould and ensure quality maintenance of citrus (Citrus sinensis L.)	Mekbib S.B., Regnier T.J.C., Sivakumar D., Korsten L.	2009	Fruits	64	5	10.1051/fruits/2009023	Postharvest Technol. Group, Dep. Microbiol. Plant Pathol., Univ. Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Dep. Chem., Tshwane Univ. Technol., PO Box 56208, Arcadia Pretoria 0001, South Africa	Mekbib, S.B., Postharvest Technol. Group, Dep. Microbiol. Plant Pathol., Univ. Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Regnier, T.J.C., Postharvest Technol. Group, Dep. Microbiol. Plant Pathol., Univ. Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa, Dep. Chem., Tshwane Univ. Technol., PO Box 56208, Arcadia Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Sivakumar, D., Postharvest Technol. Group, Dep. Microbiol. Plant Pathol., Univ. Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa; Korsten, L., Postharvest Technol. Group, Dep. Microbiol. Plant Pathol., Univ. Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa	Introduction. Green mould, Penicillium digitatum (Pers.: Fr.) Sacc., causes economically important postharvest disease in citrus. Materials and methods. Ethiopian plant extracts of Acacia seyal (Del. Var. Seyal) and Withania somnifera (L.) Dual were used to test the control of green mould in wound-inoculated fruit, stored for 21 d at 7 °C and at > 85% RH. The chemical compositions of the two extracts were determined using high-performance chromatography. Thereafter, freshly harvested (naturally infected) fruit were subjected to different postharvest treatments and stored for 50 d to investigate the effects of the two plant extracts on fruit quality parameters. Treatments included (pre-wax + leaf extracts), (wax + leaf extracts incorporated into wax, Citrosol A(®)), (leaf extract alone), (fruit washed in chlorinated water at 5.25%), (untreated fruit) and (commercially treated fruit). Results. Extracts of A. seyal and W. somnifera reduced the incidence of green mould by 56.1% and 50%, respectively, in wound-inoculated fruit. A. seyal extract contained a high concentration of gallic acid (60.3 mg•mL(-1)) whilst W. somnifera contained low concentrations of caffeic acid (8.7 mg•mL(-1)), salicylic acid (6.3 mg•mL(-1)) and 3,4 dihydroxy benzoic acid (3.8 mg•mL(-1)). Green mould was absent in naturally infected fruit subjected to (pre-wax + leaf extracts), (wax mixed with leaf extracts) and (leaf extracts) treatments. (Pre-wax + leaf extracts) and (wax mixed with leaf extract) treatments significantly reduced weight loss; retained firmness and colour; and they maintained eating qualities and a maturity index (SSC/TA) similar to commercial treatment. Conclusion. Both extracts of A. seyal and W. somnifera showed potential to be used as an alternative in combined applications with wax application under low temperature storage to replace synthetic fungicides, to ultimately control green mould and retain overall fruit quality. © 2009 CIRAD EDP Sciences.	Acacia seyal; Biological control; Citrus sinensis; Disease control; Fruits; Moulds; Penicillium digitatum; Plant extracts; Quality; South Africa; Withania somnifera	Acacia; Acacia seyal; Citrus; Citrus sinensis; Penicillium digitatum; Withania somnifera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864028338	The indirect impact of encroaching trees on gully extension: A 64year study in a sub-humid grassland of South Africa	Grellier S., Kemp J., Janeau J.-L., Florsch N., Ward D., Barot S., Podwojewski P., Lorentz S., Valentin C.	2012	Catena	98	None	10.1016/j.catena.2012.07.002	IRD-BIOEMCO c/o School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Private. Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; UMMISCO, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, John Bews Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; IRD-BIOEMCO, Site Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France; School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; IRD-BIOEMCO, 32 av. H. Varagnat, 93143 Bondy cedex, France	Grellier, S., IRD-BIOEMCO c/o School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Kemp, J., Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Stellenbosch, Private. Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Janeau, J.-L., IRD-BIOEMCO c/o School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Florsch, N., UMMISCO, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; Ward, D., School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, John Bews Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Barot, S., IRD-BIOEMCO, Site Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France; Podwojewski, P., IRD-BIOEMCO c/o School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Lorentz, S., School of Bioresources Engineering and Environmental Hydrology (BEEH), Rabie Saunders Building, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Box X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Valentin, C., IRD-BIOEMCO, 32 av. H. Varagnat, 93143 Bondy cedex, France	Gully erosion and woody plant encroachment are frequently observed in grasslands worldwide. Gully erosion driven by water processes is usually affected by topography, land-use change and vegetation cover. We hypothesised that trees, through their potential link with overland and subsurface flow, may have an impact on gully extension. However, very few studies have simultaneously considered tree encroachment and gullies. We used aerial photographs to study Acacia sieberiana encroachment and gully erosion in a South African grassland (KwaZulu-Natal Province) for a period lasting 64years. At the catchment scale, results showed that acacias started invading after 1976 and transformed the grassland into a savanna with 9.45% of tree cover in 2009. Gully area increased by 3.9% in the last 64years and represented 12.76% of catchment area in 2009. Mean estimated sediment loss was 200Mgha -1 of gully y -1, indicating a high erosion rate mainly due to the collapse of gully banks after swelling and shrinking. Volumetric retreat rate (V) of 15 gully heads was correlated with drainage area (Drain.A) by a power function explaining 64% of the variance: V=0.02*Drain.A 0.83. A positive correlation between gully retreat rate and Acacia canopy area was measured between 2001 and 2009 when established tree encroachment was observed. These results, associated with the susceptibility of this soil to subsurface flow and the observation of pipe erosion systems in the field, showed that both surface and subsurface processes occur in this sub-humid grassland and that trees can be indirectly associated with increased gully erosion. © 2012 Elsevier B.V..	Acacia sieberiana; Aerial photographs; Erosion; Gully threshold; Soil piping; Subsurface	aerial photograph; erosion rate; grassland; gully erosion; humid environment; land use change; legume; subsurface flow; threshold; topographic effect; vegetation cover; vegetation dynamics; woody plant; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa; Acacia; Acacia sieberiana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947998995	Growth performance and nutrition-related serum metabolites in growing pigs fed on Acacia Tortilis leaf meal	Ndou S.P., Khanyile M., Chimonyo M.	2015	Livestock Science	182	None	10.1016/j.livsci.2015.10.003	Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada	Ndou, S.P., Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Khanyile, M., Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Chimonyo, M., Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	The objective of the study was to determine the response in metabolites and growth performance in growing pigs fed on Acacia tortilis leaf meal-based diets using a dose-response trial. Forty-eight male hybrid pigs (28.5±2.18. kg BW) were individually penned and assigned in a complete randomized design to six experimental diets containing 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150. g/kg DM of A. tortilis leaf meal. Pigs were bled once after three weeks for biochemical analyses. An increase in A. tortilis resulted in quadratic reductions in ADFI (P<0.0001) and ADG (P<0.05), and linear decreases in G:F (P<0.001). Serum iron, cholesterol and total protein initially increased, and then started decreasing with incremental levels of A. tortilis. There was a quadratic increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P<0.001) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P<0.01) and a linear increase (P<0.001) in alkaline phosphatases (ALP) observed as A. tortilis inclusion increased. Using the broken-stick model, the optimum levels of leaf meals marking break points at which threshold values of ADG, serum iron, serum cholesterol and total protein occurred when A. tortilis was included at 64.8, 60.0, 87.1 and 63.2. g/kg DM, respectively. In conclusion, growth performance, serum iron and total proteins are reliable indicators of optimum inclusion levels of leaf meals in pigs. © 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.	Acacia tortilis; Blood metabolites; Growing pigs; Optimum inclusion levels; Tannins	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84906943697	Influence of Acacia tortilis leaf meal-based diets on growth performance of pigs	Khanyile M., Ndou S.P., Chimonyo M.	2014	Livestock Science	167	1	10.1016/j.livsci.2014.04.016	Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01 Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Khanyile, M., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01 Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Ndou, S.P., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01 Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Chimonyo, M., Animal and Poultry Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01 Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	The objectives of the study were to assess nutritive value of Acacia leaf meals and to determine the optimum inclusion level of Acacia tortilis leaf meal in finishing pigs. Five dominant leguminous leaf meals namely, Acacia tortilis, Acacia robusta, Acacia nilotica, Acacia nigrescens and Acacia xanthophloea, were individually hand-harvested and analyzed for their chemical and physical properties. Although the crude protein content of A. xanthophloea and A. tortilis were similar, the latter was incorporated into the experimental diets as it had the lowest water holding capacity, swelling capacity and moderate levels of condensed tannins. A. tortilis was also the most abundant in the locality. Thirty finishing male F1 hybrid (Landrace×Large White) pigs with an initial weight of 60.6 (s.d.=0.94)kg were randomly allotted to six diets containing 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250g/kg DM inclusion levels of A. tortilis leaf meal. Each diet was offered ad libitum to five pigs in individual pens for 21 days. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed (G:F) ratio was measured every week. There was an increase in both ADFI and ADG (P&lt;0.001) as A. tortilis leaf meal increased, before they started to decrease. An increase in A. tortilis leaf meal levels in the diets caused a quadratic decrease (P&lt;0.01) in the G:F ratio. The change of ADFI, ADG and G:F ratio during each week of successive feeding decreased (P&lt;0.05) with incremental levels of A. tortilis in the diets. Using piecewise regression (broken-stick analyses), it was observed that A. tortilis leaf meal can be included up to 129g/kg DM in finishing pig feeds, without negatively affecting G:F ratio. The ability with which pigs utilize leaf meal-based diets improves with duration of exposure to such diets. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.	Acacia tortilis; Condensed tannins; Feed intake; Pig performance	Acacia; Acacia nigrescens; Acacia nilotica; Acacia robusta; Acacia tortilis; Acacia xanthophloea; Suidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-28944431793	The effect of supplementing Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay with Acacia tortilis leaves and pods mixture on intake, digestibility and growth performance of goats	Abdulrazak S.A., Njuguna E.G., Karau P.K.	2005	Livestock Research for Rural Development	17	12	None	Department of Animal Science, Egerton University, P.O Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Egerton University, Division of Research and Extension, P. O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya	Abdulrazak, S.A., Department of Animal Science, Egerton University, P.O Box 536, Njoro, Kenya, Egerton University, Division of Research and Extension, P. O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Njuguna, E.G., Department of Animal Science, Egerton University, P.O Box 536, Njoro, Kenya; Karau, P.K., Department of Animal Science, Egerton University, P.O Box 536, Njoro, Kenya	An experiment was conducted for 63 days to examine the effects of supplementation of Rhodes grass hay (H) with mixtures of leaves and pods of Acacia tortilis on intake, digestion and growth performance of Small East African goats (SEAG). Twenty four SEAG of 18±4 kg BW, 9months old were assigned to six diets including ad libitum Rhodes grass hay alone (H) or H supplemented with various proportions of pods, leaves and mixture of the two as follows; 19 g DM/kg W0.75 pods (P), 19 g DM/kgW0.75 leaves (L), 9.5:9.5 g DM/kg W0.75 pods +leaves (PL), 14:5 g DM/kg W 0.75 pods +leaves (PPL) or 5:14 g DM/kg W0.75 pods +leaves (PLL). The diets were allocated to the goats in a completely randomised design, with 4 goats per treatment. Dry matter intake, digestibility, nitrogen retention and live weight gains were all increased by supplementation. There was an indication of a better response in intake and weight gains when the hay was supplemented with equal proportion (9.5 g DM/kg W0.75) of pods and the leaves. It is concluded that mixtures of pods and leaves give more benefits than when either is offered singly to goats fed a basal diet of grass hay.	Acacia tortilis; Goats; Intake; Leaves; Live weight; Pods; Tree mixture	Acacia; Acacia tortilis; Capra hircus; Chloris gayana	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84874704926	Ecological impact of Prosopis species invasion in Turkwel riverine forest, Kenya	Muturi G.M., Poorter L., Mohren G.M.J., Kigomo B.N.	2013	Journal of Arid Environments	92	None	10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.01.010	Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P. O. Box 20412, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya; Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University, P. O. Box 47, AA Wageningen, Netherlands	Muturi, G.M., Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P. O. Box 20412, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya, Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University, P. O. Box 47, AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Poorter, L., Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University, P. O. Box 47, AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Mohren, G.M.J., Forest Ecology and Management Group, Wageningen University, P. O. Box 47, AA Wageningen, Netherlands; Kigomo, B.N., Kenya Forestry Research Institute, P. O. Box 20412, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya	The impact of Prosopis species invasion in the Turkwel riverine forest in Kenya was investigated under three contrasting: Acacia, Prosopis and Mixed species (Acacia and Prosopis) canopies. Variation amongst canopies was assessed through soil nutrients and physical properties, tree characteristics and canopy closure. Invasion impact was evaluated by comparing herbaceous species cover and diversity, and occurrence of indigenous tree seedlings. Soil characteristics under Prosopis and Mixed species canopies were similar except in pH and calcium content, and had lower silt and carbon contents than soil under Acacia canopy. Tree density was higher under Prosopis intermediate under Mixed and lower under Acacia canopies. Prosopis trees had lower diameters than Acacia tortilis trees. Diameter classes' distribution in Mixed species canopy revealed invasion of Prosopis into mature A. tortilis stands. Herbaceous species cover and diversity were negatively correlated to Prosopis tree density; thus explaining the lower herbaceous species cover and diversity under Prosopis than under Acacia and Mixed species canopies. The study suggests a gradual conversion of herbaceous rich A. tortilis woodland to herbaceous poor Prosopis species woodland or thickets, through indiscriminate Prosopis invasion. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.	Acacia tortilis; Herbaceous species cover; Herbs diversity; Soil nutrients	biological invasion; ecological impact; forest canopy; herb; legume; soil nutrient; species diversity; woodland; Kenya	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-30844473299	The impact of ICT (internet) on research and studies: The experience of Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria	Adogbeji O.B., Akporhonor B.A.	2005	Library Hi Tech News	22	10	10.1108/07419050510644347	Department of Library and Information Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; Delta State University Library, Abraka, Nigeria	Adogbeji, O.B., Department of Library and Information Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; Akporhonor, B.A., Delta State University Library, Abraka, Nigeria	Purpose - This study seeks to explore how students are increasingly using the Internet to support instruction and research needs in addition to heavy e-mail usage. The extension of this research suggests more positive impact from the Internet in almost every aspect of academic life and suggests the need for more access at reduced costs on and near this campus. Design/methodology/approach - A questionnaire was used to survey a sample of students about their internet practices. Findings - Students are now coming to university with more background in technology and the role of the internet and other ICTs. The demand for internet service will continue to grow and how the university should respond to meet this greater demand is the focus of this research. Orig inality/value - Study suggests that the impact of the ICTs and internet service for e-mail and other research activities related to the role of studying suggests that access is a key problem that must be scaled better so that students and faculty have improved access. This situation should continue to be monitored and the study suggests that more and more university affiliates will need improved access to internet resources. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Academic	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903301767	Predictors of academic performance of seminarians in Catholic Major Seminaries in the South-West Region of Nigeria	Adubale A.A., Aluede O.	2014	British Journal of Guidance and Counselling	42	4	10.1080/03069885.2014.886671	Department of Educational Psychology and Curriculum Studies, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Guidance and Counselling, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	Adubale, A.A., Department of Educational Psychology and Curriculum Studies, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Aluede, O., Department of Guidance and Counselling, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria	This study investigated predictors of seminarians' academic performance. The study employed a correlational research design. Two hundred and thirty two seminarians constituted the sample for the study. Bakare's modified version of student problem inventory was used to collect the data of the study. The findings indicated that time management and lack of concentration significantly predicted the academic performance of seminarians. Based on the findings, the study recommended intervention programmes, such as workshop on techniques of managing external distractions and unresolved personal crises that interfere with the seminarians' concentration level and workshop on time management skills; and that counselling units should be established in the Catholic Major Seminaries in the South-West Region of Nigeria since there is none at the moment. © 2014 Taylor & Francis.	academic achievement; academic success; Catholic Church; Catholic Seminarians; counsellor education programme; school success	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902148090	Performance management: The neglected imperative of accountability systems in education	Mosoge M.J., Pilane M.W.	2014	South African Journal of Education	34	1	None	School of Education, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa	Mosoge, M.J., School of Education, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa; Pilane, M.W., School of Education, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa	The first aim of this paper is to clarify the concept "performance management" as an aspect of the Integrated Quality Management System (IQMS). The second is to report on an exploration into the experiences and perceptions of management teams in the implementation of performance management. As part of the qualitative research design, the individual interview was selected for use in this research. Fifteen participants drawn randomly from 24 schools were interviewed. The findings revealed the weakness of integrating development with appraisal since it leads to the neglect of development in favour of appraisal which is linked to incentives. A lack of knowledge and expertise on the IQMS processes such as mentoring, coaching, and monitoring was found to hamper the zeal to implement performance management. Teachers, as co-developers of education policy on the ground, act as a driving force behind the actualisation of transformation in education. The development of teachers is therefore crucial in an education system that is in the grips of transformation.	Academic achievement; Assessment; Development; Evaluation; Management; Performance; Performance management; School management teams; Training	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955417672	The impact of parenthood and birth order on the academic achievement of pupils in Abeokuta South Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria	Edun T., Oguntola S.	2011	European Journal of Social Sciences	20	4	None	Department of Educational, Foundations and Management Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Department of Sociological Studies, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Nigeria	Edun, T., Department of Educational, Foundations and Management Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Oguntola, S., Department of Sociological Studies, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Nigeria	The study sought to determine the impact of parenthood and birth order on the academic achievement of primary school pupils in Abeokuta South Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. The sample consisted of 250 primary six pupils selected through a stratified random sampling technique from five primary schools in the Local Government Area. Data were collected through a Demographic Questionnaire and an Achievement Test. Descriptive Statistics and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to analyse collected data. Findings revealed that there was no significant difference in the academic achievement of pupils with both parents, single parents and no parents (Fc2,228= 1.135, P>0.05), just as there was no significant difference in the academic achievement of 'first borns' 'middle borns' and 'last borns' (Fc2,229= 1.715, P>0.05). The findings were consistent with similar findings in Africa and developing nations generally that school factors were far more important than family factors in determining school achievement. The implications of these findings for the school and the family, and the interventions required were discussed.	Academic achievement; Birth order; Parenthood; Primary school pupils	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82255177066	Relationship between physical fitness and academic performance in South African children	du Toit D., Pienaar A.E., Truter L.	2011	South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation	33	3	None	Faculty of Education, Potchefstroom Campus North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2530, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, Potchefstroom Campus NorthWest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	du Toit, D., Faculty of Education, Potchefstroom Campus North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2530, South Africa; Pienaar, A.E., Faculty of Health Sciences, Potchefstroom Campus NorthWest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Truter, L., Faculty of Health Sciences, Potchefstroom Campus NorthWest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa	The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between physical fitness and academic achievement in an urban South African group of primary school children. A one-way cross-sectional design was used to assess physical fitness of children 9 to12 years (N=212) by means of the Fitnessgram, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency II, percentage body fat and Body Mass Index (BMI). Average end-of-the-year academic marks served as measurement of academic achievement. Relationships between the variables were determined by Spearman correlation coefficients and effect sizes, and a stepwise discriminant analysis. The results show a significant correlation between total strength scores and academic performance in the total group and between several fitness variables and academic performance in the female group. Significant correlations were found between specific strength tests and academic performance among older boys (12 years) and older girls (11 & 12 years). Several fitness parameters discriminated between high and low academic achievers. A positive relationship between physical fitness components and academic achievement was found with more significant correlations among girls than boys, as well as among older boys and girls.	Academic achievement; Children; Obesity; Physical fitness	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84927726983	Impact of gender stereotype on secondary school students’ self-concept and academic achievement	Igbo J.N., Onu V.C., Obiyo N.O.	2015	SAGE Open	5	1	10.1177/2158244015573934	University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Igbo, J.N., University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Onu, V.C., University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Obiyo, N.O., University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of gender stereotype as a predictor of secondary school students' selfconcept and academic achievement. The study was guided by four purposes, four research questions, and four hypotheses. The study adopted ex post facto design. The research sample was drawn from eight government/public senior secondary schools in Udi education zone. Nine schools were randomly selected from the 227 schools. A total of 342 senior secondary II school (SSII) students made up the sample of the study. A 20-item students' stereotype self-concept questionnaire (SSSCQ) was adapted from Marsh's Self Descriptive Questionnaire II (SDQII), and a 10-item students' mathematics achievement test (SMAT) was developed by the researchers after reviewing related literature. This was done with the help of experts in the areas. The instruments were face and content validated and used for the collection of data. In analyzing the data, mean and standard deviation were used in answering the research questions while a ttest was used in testing the four hypotheses. The findings of the study indicate that gender stereotype has significant influence on students' self-concept and academic achievement in favor of the male students. On the other hand, school location has significant influence on academic achievement of students but has no significant influence on students' self-concept. © The Author(s) 2015.	Academic achievement; Gender; Gender stereotype; Self-concept	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34249793226	The impact of motivation on student's academic achievement and learning outcomes in mathematics among secondary school students in Nigeria	Tella A.	2007	Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education	3	2	None	Osun State College of Education, School of Science, Department of Mathematics, P.O. Box 207, Ila-Orangun, Osun State, Nigeria	Tella, A., Osun State College of Education, School of Science, Department of Mathematics, P.O. Box 207, Ila-Orangun, Osun State, Nigeria	In our match towards scientific and technological advancement, we need nothing short of good performance in mathematics at all levels of schooling. In an effort to achieve this, this study investigated the impact of motivation on students' school academic achievement in mathematics in secondary schools using motivation for academic preference scale (α = 0.82) as a measuring instrument and achievement test in mathematics (ATM) Two hypotheses were tested for significant at 0.05 margin of error using t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) Results showed that gender difference were significant when impact of motivation on academic achievement was compared in male and female students. Also other result indicates significant difference when extent of motivation was taken as variable of interest on academic achievement in mathematics based on the degree of their motivation. Implications, suggestions and recommendations on students, parents, government, counsellors, educational stakeholders, etc were discussed. Copyright © 2007 by Moment.	Academic achievement; Learning outcome; Mathematics; Motivation; Nigeria; Secondary school students	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863851117	The impact of socio-economic family background and body weight on students' academic achievements in mathematics: Evidence from a Nigerian University	Ozughalu U.M.	2012	European Journal of Social Sciences	31	3	None	Department of Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Ozughalu, U.M., Department of Economics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Nigeria frequently experiences poor students' academic achievements in mathematics at various levels of education. This study examined the impact of parental education, number of siblings in the family and body weight on students' academic achievements in mathematics. The study used data obtained from the Department of Economics, Anambra State University, Igbariam Campus, Nigeria. Specifically, the study utilised information on Year One Class of 2009/2010 Academic Session, numbering one hundred and seventythree (173) students. Three related multiple regression equations were estimated using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimator; and White's heteroscedasticity-corrected standard errors of the OLS estimates were obtained and utilised to cater for the presence of heteroscedasticity. Estimates of the regression equations reveal that parents' educational levels have significant positive impact on students' academic achievements in mathematics whereas number of siblings in the family has significant negative impact on students' academic achievements in mathematics. Normal weight has significant positive impact on students' academic achievements in mathematics while overweight and obesity have significant negative impact on students' academic achievements in mathematics. Thus steps should be taken to sufficiently improve parents' educational levels, reduce family size and make students have normal weights in order to adequately improve students' academic achievements in mathematics. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2012.	Academic achievements; Body weight; Mathematics; Nigerian University; Socio-economic family background	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36749018732	Performance of academically at-risk medical students in a problem-based learning programme: A preliminary report	Burch V.C., Sikakana C.N.T., Yeld N., Seggie J.L., Schmidt H.G.	2007	Advances in Health Sciences Education	12	3	10.1007/s10459-006-9006-6	Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital Observatory, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Higher Education and Development, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands	Burch, V.C., Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital Observatory, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Sikakana, C.N.T., Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Yeld, N., Centre for Higher Education and Development, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Seggie, J.L., Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital Observatory, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Schmidt, H.G., Department of Psychology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands	Racially segregated schooling, a legacy of Apartheid policies, continues to hamper education in South Africa. Students entering university from suboptimal circumstances are at significant risk of demonstrating poor academic performance and dropping out of their programmes. Attempts to address the educational needs of these students have included the introduction of extended medical programmes at several universities. Such a programme, the Academic Development Programme (ADP), was implemented at the University of Cape Town in 1991. Over the past decade the programme has graduated more than 100 students. Upon implementation of a new problem-based learning (PBL) programme in 2002, the ADP was discontinued and all students were entered directly into the new PBL programme. Students who demonstrate a need for additional academic support by the end of the first semester enter the Intervention Programme for 1 year before proceeding to the second semester of the PBL programme. An interim analysis was performed to compare the retention rates and academic performance of academically at-risk students in the new PBL programme and the ADP. The records of all academically at-risk students entering the ADP (1991-2000) and the new PBL programme (2002) were reviewed. Retention rates for all years of study, and academic performance in the fourth year clerkship courses of the respective programmes were compared. A total of 239 academically at-risk students in the ADP and 43 at-risk students in the new PBL programme were studied. The median retention rates, per year of study, for at-risk students in the PBL programme was significantly better than for at-risk students in the ADP (p<0.02). Academic performance of the at-risk students in all the fourth year clinical clerkship courses of the PBL programme was significantly better than the mean performance over 10 years for at-risk students in the same fourth year courses in the ADP. The introduction of PBL at the University of Cape Town has not had a deleterious effect on the performance of academically at-risk medical students. Interim analysis suggests that retention rates and academic performance in the PBL programme are better than those achieved in the extended traditional programme. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.	Academically disadvantaged students; Dropout rates; Problem-based learning; Undergraduate medical training	article; cultural deprivation; education; health care quality; human; medical education; medical student; methodology; Negro; problem based learning; program development; psychological aspect; social psychology; South Africa; standard; statistics; student; teaching; time; African Continental Ancestry Group; Cultural Deprivation; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Educational Measurement; Humans; Prejudice; Problem-Based Learning; Program Development; Program Evaluation; Remedial Teaching; School Admission Criteria; South Africa; Student Dropouts; Students, Medical; Time	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84958778895	Factors contributing toward student performance in a distance education accounting degree	Papageorgiou K., Halabi A.K.	2014	Meditari Accountancy Research	22	2	10.1108/MEDAR-08-2013-0032	Department of Accounting, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Federation University Australia, Gipsplad Campus, Churchill, Australia	Papageorgiou, K., Department of Accounting, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Halabi, A.K., Federation University Australia, Gipsplad Campus, Churchill, Australia	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of five determinates of performance in students (N = 677) who completed three years of financial accounting to obtain a Bachelor of Accounting Science (BCompt) degree by distance education through the University of South Africa. Design/methodology/approach - Regression analysis is used on three yearly measures of performance with five independent variables (age, gender, prior accounting knowledge, mathematics background and academic aptitude). Findings - Results show that mathematics background and academic aptitude are both significantly associated with student performance, throughout the financial accounting subjects. Prior accounting knowledge is also important in the first year of study but not thereafter. Research limitations/implications - Prior research has found that other factors may influence student performance, and future studies which include these variables will add to these findings. Practical implications - The results of this study have important implications for instructors, students and career advisers, particularly as research linking various factors with performance in accounting subjects over the length of a degree is limited. Originality/value - The current study considers the determinants of student performance over three financial accounting years (rather than one year or one subject) and from a distance education perspective. As distance education becomes a more important delivery method of study in the future, these results have important implications. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2049-372X.	Academic aptitude; Accounting; Age; Gender; Mathematics background; Prior accounting knowledge; Student performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897057156	Student teachers' academic backgrounds and beliefs about teaching: Predicting student engagement and performance in a developing country	Nizeyimana G., Osman R.	2014	Education as Change	18	SUPPL.1	10.1080/16823206.2013.877356	Kigali Institute of Education, Curriculum and Teaching, Rwanda; University of Witwatersrand, South Africa	Nizeyimana, G., Kigali Institute of Education, Curriculum and Teaching, Rwanda; Osman, R., University of Witwatersrand, South Africa	This article explores the influence of university/college first-year student teachers' educational backgrounds and their beliefs about teaching on their performance, and identifies these as key indicators of student engagement in learning to teach in developing countries, with particular reference to Rwanda. Both quantitative data (students' marks) and qualitative data (semi-structured interviews) were collected from student teachers in the 2010 academic year. This article argues that, in developing countries where primary teacher preparation is done at high school level while secondary school teacher preparation is done at university/college level, tertiary first-year student teachers' beliefs about their teaching career are more likely to determine the level of their engagement in learning to teach and hence performance than their prior academic background in related fields of study. © 2014 © 2014 The University of Johannesburg.	academic background; beliefs; developing countries; performance; student engagement; teacher education	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887737727	Determinants of academic performance in children with sickle cell anaemia	Ezenwosu O.U., Emodi I.J., Ikefuna A.N., Chukwu B.F., Osuorah C.D.	2013	BMC Pediatrics	13	1	10.1186/1471-2431-13-189	Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Child Survival Unit, Medical Research Council UK, The Gambia Unit, Serrekunda, Gambia	Ezenwosu, O.U., Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Emodi, I.J., Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Ikefuna, A.N., Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Chukwu, B.F., Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Osuorah, C.D., Child Survival Unit, Medical Research Council UK, The Gambia Unit, Serrekunda, Gambia	Background: Some factors are known to influence the academic performance of children with Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA). Information on their effects in these children is limited in Nigeria. The factors which influence academic performance of children with SCA in Enugu, Nigeria are determined in this study.Methods: Consecutive children with SCA aged 5-11 years were recruited at the weekly sickle cell clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu, Nigeria. Their age- and sex- matched normal classmates were recruited as controls. The total number of days of school absence for 2009/2010 academic session was obtained for each pair of pupils from the class attendance register. Academic performance was assessed using the average of the overall scores in the three term examinations of same session. Intelligence ability was determined with Draw-A-Person Quotient (DAPQ) using the Draw-A-Person Test while socio-economic status was determined using the occupational status and educational attainment of each parent.Results: Academic performance of children with SCA showed statistically significant association with their socio-economic status (χ2 = 9.626, p = 0.047), and significant correlation with DAPQ (r = 0.394, p = 0.000) and age (r = -0.412, p = 0.000). However, no significant relationship existed between academic performance and school absence in children with SCA (r = -0.080, p = 0.453).Conclusions: Academic performance of children with SCA is influenced by their intelligence ability, age and socio-economic status but not negatively affected by their increased school absenteeism. © 2013 Ezenwosu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.	Academic; Children; Determinants; Sickle	absenteeism; academic achievement; age; article; blood transfusion; child; childhood disease; controlled study; correlational study; disease severity; educational status; employment status; female; hospital admission; human; intelligence; major clinical study; male; Nigeria; parent; preschool child; primary school; school child; scoring system; sex ratio; sickle cell anemia; social status; student; teaching hospital; Absenteeism; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Child; Child, Preschool; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Intelligence Tests; Male; Nigeria; Parents; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Socioeconomic Factors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883196648	Measuring the impact of academic development courses in first- and second-year chemistry	Smith L.C.	2013	South African Journal of Chemistry	66	None	None	Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Smith, L.C., Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, South Africa	This paper uses multivariate analysis to estimate the impact of educational interventions in the first-year academic development chemistry courses on students' final course marks. The cohorts for seven years are pooled, which generates a more robust set of results than was previously the case. To counter the sample-selection problem that arises as academic development students are placed onto the academic development programme, a selection of control variables is included in the estimations. The results suggest that the educational interventions in the first year had a positive impact on academic development students' performance, relative to mainstream students, in both the first- and second-year courses. The implications of the results for education policy and research are considered.	Academic development; Academic performance; Chemistry; Educational interventions; Multivariate analysis; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866264534	Measuring the impact of educational interventions on the academic performance of academic development students in second-year microeconomics	Smith L.C., Ranchhod V.	2012	South African Journal of Economics	80	3	10.1111/j.1813-6982.2011.01287.x	Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, South Africa; School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Smith, L.C., Centre for Higher Education Development, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Ranchhod, V., School of Economics, University of Cape Town, South Africa	This paper analyses the impact of educational interventions made in the first- and second-year microeconomics courses on academic development students' final mark in the second-year course. It also addresses issues of methodology, specification, and statistical analysis with respect to other studies in the field. The results suggest that the educational interventions in the first-year had a positive impact on the academic performance of the academic development cohort, relative to the mainstream cohort for the first period (2000-2002). The results also suggest that the educational interventions introduced in the second period (2003-2005), in the form of voluntary workshops, improved the academic performance of the academic development and mainstream cohorts. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 Economic Society of South Africa.	Academic development; academic performance; economic education; educational interventions; microeconomics; multivariate analysis; South Africa	academic performance; curriculum; geography education; microeconomics; multivariate analysis; student; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000246542000007	A multivariate evaluation of mainstream and academic development courses in first-year microeconomics	Edwards, Lawrence,Smith, Leonard	2007	SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS	75	1	None	University of Cape Town	None	This paper analyses the impact of the University of Cape Town's first-year microeconomics academic development course on performance in examinations. The paper makes two advances to existing empirical literature in this area. Firstly, we compare performance with a control group drawn from the mainstream economic course. Secondly, we evaluate performance in subsequent courses in first-year macroeconomics and second-year microeconomics. The results suggest that the academic development course has a major impact on students' performance in the structured/essay questions, relative to the control group, in first- and second-year microeconomics, and for the multiple-choice questions in first-year macroeconomics. Matriculation results, mathematics, English first language, physical science and gender are also important determinants of performance.	"ACADEMIC DEVELOPMENT","economic education","SOUTH AFRICA","student performance",ACHIEVEMENT,"COLLEGE PRINCIPLES",DETERMINANTS,EDUCATION,GENDER,"HIGH-SCHOOL ECONOMICS",IMPACT,"MALE-FEMALE DIFFERENCES","STUDENT PERFORMANCE"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84902466030	The perceived impact of the Postgraduate Diploma in Higher Education and Training as an academic development intervention in an Institution of Higher Learning	Nkonki V., Scheckle L., Jonas N., Ntlabathi S., Riley A., Muhuro P.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	11 SPEC. ISSUE	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n11p157	University of Fort Hare, South Africa	Nkonki, V.; Scheckle, L.; Jonas, N.; Ntlabathi, S.; Riley, A.; Muhuro, P., University of Fort Hare, South Africa	Following mixed views in literature on the relevance and return on investment of formal higher education professional development initiatives, the current study sought the views of the impact of the Postgraduate Diploma in Higher Education and Training (PGDHET) on the professional practice of higher education staff in one institution. Framed in the interpretive paradigm, the study adopted a case study design in which multiple sources of data were utilised. Data were collected through an open-ended questionnaire from eleven (11) purposefully selected lecturers possessing a PGDHET qualification. The data was corroborated with a data analysis of PGDHET reports. Qualitative data thus collected was analysed through the extraction and aggregation of meaning units into themes. Quantitative data was used to discern and describe impact trends of the PGDHET. It emerged from the study that the PGDHET challenged lecturers' conceptions of teaching and learning, and expanded their repertoire of innovative teaching strategies. Furthermore, participants reported contributions to advancement of departmental best teaching practices and the status of teaching institutionally. The conclusion drawn is that the PGDHET impacts beyond the lecture room as it influences also the academic development practices, faculty and departmental practices, as well as the overall culture of the institution. This research recommends ways of further consolidating and further advancing the impact of the PGDHET.	Academic Development; Perceived impact; Postgraduate Diploma in Higher Education and Training; Professional development	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892601733	The effect of academic development initiatives on student performance at a South African University: A case of finance modules	Muzindutsi P.-F.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	3	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n3p717	School of Economic Sciences, North-West University, South Africa	Muzindutsi, P.-F., School of Economic Sciences, North-West University, South Africa	The retention and the success of undergraduate students is a concern in South African universities which have been faced with a major challenge of low graduation rates. To respond to this challenge, South African universities adopted various academic development initiatives to provide support to students who are at risk of not completing the undergraduate qualification within the required time. This study used multiple regression analysis to evaluate the contribution of academic development initiatives in improving the academic performance of 'at risk' students within discipline of finance at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, during the period 2009-2011. Results showed that some of the initiatives, such as revision workshops, contributed significantly to student performance while others, such as one-on-one consultations between students and Academic Development Officers (ADO's), had no significant effect on student performance. This study found that making academic development initiatives inclusive to all willing students did not disadvantage 'at risk' students. It was therefore concluded that academic development initiatives can only succeed when there is full commitment from students involved. This study recommends that one-on-one discussions between students and ADO's should be supplemented by other strategies, such as timely and regular revision workshops, in order to yield positive results.	Academic development programme; At risk students; Student performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84931473198	Building a global surgery initiative through evaluation, collaboration, and training: The massachusetts general hospital experience	Chao T.E., Riesel J.N., Anderson G.A., Mullen J.T., Doyle J., Briggs S.M., Lillemoe K.D., Goldstein C., Kitya D., Cusack J.C., Jr.	2015	Journal of Surgical Education	72	4	10.1016/j.jsurg.2014.12.018	Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Kartis, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States; Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda	Chao, T.E., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Riesel, J.N., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Anderson, G.A., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Mullen, J.T., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Doyle, J., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Briggs, S.M., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Lillemoe, K.D., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States; Goldstein, C., Kartis, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States; Kitya, D., Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda; Cusack, J.C., Jr., Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, GRB 425, Boston, MA, United States	Objective The Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Department of Surgery established the Global Surgery Initiative (GSI) in 2013 to transform volunteer and mission-based global surgery efforts into an educational experience in surgical systems strengthening. The objective of this newly conceived mission is not only to perform advanced surgery but also to train surgeons beyond MGH through international partnerships across disciplines. At its inception, a clear pathway to achieve this was not established, and we sought to identify steps that were critical to realizing our mission statement. Setting Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA and Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda Participants Members of the MGH and MRRH Departments of Surgery including faculty, fellows, and residents Results The MGH GSI steering committee identified 4 steps for sustaining a robust global surgery program: (1) administer a survey to the MGH departmental faculty, fellows, and residents to gauge levels of experience and interest, (2) catalog all ongoing global surgical efforts and projects involving MGH surgical faculty, fellows, and residents to identify areas of overlap and opportunities for collaboration, (3) establish a longitudinal partnership with an academic surgical department in a limited-resource setting (Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST) at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH)), and (4) design a formal curriculum in global surgery to provide interested surgical residents with structured opportunities for research, education, and clinical work. Conclusions By organizing the collective experiences of colleagues, synchronizing efforts of new and former efforts, and leveraging the funding resources available at the local institution, the MGH GSI hopes to provide academic benefit to our foreign partners as well as our trainees through longitudinal collaboration. Providing additional financial and organizational support might encourage more surgeons to become involved in global surgery efforts. Creating a partnership with a hospital in a limited-resource setting and establishing a formal global surgery curriculum for our residents allows for education and longitudinal collaboration. We believe this is a replicable model for building other academic global surgery endeavors that aim to strengthen health and surgical systems beyond their own institutions. © 2015 Association of Program Directors in Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.	academic global surgery; cross-country collaboration; global surgery; LMIC partnership; mapping; surgical education	Article; curriculum; general hospital; health care planning; human; medical education; medical school; medical specialist; normal human; priority journal; public-private partnership; residency education; resident; surgery; surgical training; surgical ward; work; work experience	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872222621	Assessment of teaching performance of student-teachers on teaching practice	Oluwatayo J.A., Adebule S.O.	2012	International Education Studies	5	5	10.5539/ies.v5n5p109	Institute of Education, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Faculty of Education, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Oluwatayo, J.A., Institute of Education, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria; Adebule, S.O., Faculty of Education, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	The study assessed teaching performance of 222 student-teachers from the Faculty of Education, Ekiti State University, posted to various secondary schools in Ekiti State for a six-week teaching practice during 2010/2011 academic session. The sample included 119 males, 103 females, 78 (300-Level) and 144 (400-Level) students. Data were collected using Teaching Performance Assessment Form designed by the Faculty of Education, Ekiti State University and analysed using frequency counts, percentages, item-total correlations and t-test comparison, tested at 0.05 level of significance. Results showed satisfactory teaching performance of the student-teachers while gender and previous teaching experience had no significant influence on teaching performance of the student-teachers. It was recommended that supervisors (of teaching practice/raters) should be thoroughly trained on the use of assessment instrument for reliable measurement of student-teachers' teaching performance.	Academic level; Assessment; Gender; Teaching performance; Teaching practice	None	None
None	None	Publication productivity and scholarly impact of academic librarians in Tanzania: A scientometric analysis	Sife A.S., Lwoga E.T.	2014	New Library World	115	42686	10.1108/NLW-04-2014-0038	Sokoina National Agricultural Library, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Sife, A.S., Sokoina National Agricultural Library, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Lwoga, E.T., Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	Purpose – The purpose of this scientometric study was to conduct an analysis of the research productivity and scholarly impact of academic librarians in Tanzania for a period of 30 years from 1984 to 2013. Design/methodology/approach – Data were obtained using the Publish or Perish software which uses Google Scholar to retrieve scholars’ publications, citations and related metrics. For each librarian, the retrieved metrics were the number of papers, papers per author, citation counts, average citations per paper, average papers per author, average citations per year, average citations per author and four indices, namely, the h-index, g-index, Hc-index and the HI-norm. Findings – The study findings indicate that 434 publications were recorded for all librarians, giving an average of 14.5 publications per year. The year 2008 had the most (9.9 per cent) publications followed by 2010 (7.8 per cent), while the years 1985 and 1987 had the lowest (0.2 per cent) number of publications. About 43 per cent of the publications were single-authored and the degree of collaboration was 0.57. The top-ten ranked librarians contributed more than half (53.2 per cent) of all publications, although they showed considerable variation among different metrics. Only three journal articles had 25 or more citations. Originality/value – Previous studies on the topic are scarce, and, therefore, this paper provides useful recommendations to library and information science (LIS) schools, libraries and universities to improve research productivity of their academic librarians in Tanzania and other countries with a similar setting. ©, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Academic librarians; Citation analysis; Publication patterns; Research productivity; Scientometric analysis; Tanzania	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938868848	Reading habits among students and its effect on academic performance: A study of students of Koforidua Polytechnic	Owusu-Acheaw M., Larson A.G.	2014	Library Philosophy and Practice	2014	1	None	Koforidua Polytechnic, Koforidua, Ghana; University of Education, Winneba, Ghana	Owusu-Acheaw, M., Koforidua Polytechnic, Koforidua, Ghana; Larson, A.G., University of Education, Winneba, Ghana	The study sought to assess the reading habits among students and their effects on their academic performance. The study was conducted in Koforidua Polytechnic situated in the Eastern Region of Ghana. A questionnaire was used for the data collection. The data collected were analyzed quantitatively with the use of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Figures and tables were used to present the results of findings. From the total of 1052 copies of questionnaire distributed, 1000 copies, representing 95.0% were filled and returned. The findings showed that majority of the respondents acknowledge the importance of reading, 81.9% of the respondents neither read novel nor fiction within the last two semesters while 62.0% of the respondents only read for the purpose of passing examination. The study confirmed that reading habit has influence on academic performance and there is a relationship between reading habit and academic performance. The study recommended among others that lecturers should be advised to stop providing handouts to students but rather encourage them to use the library for research and also, the current system of assessing students should be given a second thought with respect to the formulae of assessment.	Academic libraries; Academic performance; Reading interest; Students; Tertiary institution	None	None
WoS	WOS:000318584000008	The Impact of Accreditation Exercise on University Libraries in Kenya	Ngulube, Patrick,Odera-Kwach, Beatrice Achieng'	2013	AFRICAN JOURNAL OF LIBRARY ARCHIVES AND INFORMATION SCIENCE	23	1	None	University of South Africa, Commiss Higher Educ	"Ngulube, Patrick: University of South Africa",	This paper is the result of an exploratory study of the impact of accreditation - a process of external quality assurance on university libraries in Kenya. The paper also sought the perceptions of university librarians regarding external quality assurance. The mixed research method was used for data collection. The population of the study constituted all the universities in Kenya recognised by the Commission for Higher Education. The sample frame was drawn from the list of private universities authorised to award degrees in Kenya. Based on the findings from the questionnaire survey, four purposively selected heads of university libraries were interviewed. A total of 22 (92%) out of 24 potential university librarians completed and returned the questionnaire. The results show that university librarians were aware of the purpose of accreditation as it pertains to licensing, while conformity to standards was the greatest strength of accreditation. The university librarians suggested ways of improving the accreditation process. The findings show that there were positive and negative perceptions about the accreditation process. The findings reveal that despite the differences in the universities, majority of the librarians were positive that the accreditation process had brought about significant changes in their institutions. The paper concludes with a number of recommendations for improvement of the accreditation process.	"ACADEMIC LIBRARIES",ACCREDITATION,"external quality assurance","IMPACT ASSESSMENT",KENYA,"MIXED METHODS RESEARCH"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84946092330	Reference service evaluation at an African academic library: the user perspective	Luo L., Buer V.B.	2015	Library Review	64	42591	10.1108/LR-04-2015-0046	San Jose State University, San Jose, CO, United States; University of Education, Winneba, Ghana	Luo, L., San Jose State University, San Jose, CO, United States; Buer, V.B., University of Education, Winneba, Ghana	Purpose – This paper aims to provide a detailed discussion of a large-scale library reference evaluation study conducted at the University of Education, Winneba (UEW) in Ghana. The study seeks to evaluate the reference service from the user perspective, focusing on how users use and perceive the service. Design/methodology/approach – Self-administered survey was used as the data collection instrument. One thousand questionnaires were distributed to library users in a three-week period, and the response rate was 63.7 per cent. Findings – The reference service had a high non-use rate of 42.6 per cent, which was primarily attributed to library users’ self-sufficiency and lack of awareness of the service. The top three motivations for library users to use the reference service were class assignments, personal interests and using library facilities. Although their overall altitude was positive, users felt that reference librarians were more successful at exhibiting customer service qualities than performing tasks related to identifying users’ information needs and searching/locating relevant information to fulfill the needs. Practical implications – The knowledge gained from this study will deepen the understanding of how the reference service is utilised and perceived by library users and offer insights on how to enhance the services to optimise the user experience. Originality/value – This study yields an enriched view of reference service provision in the African context. Its findings will help other academic libraries in Africa successfully plan and implement their own reference evaluation efforts and ultimately encourage more evidence-based library practices in the developing world. © 2015, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Academic libraries; Africa; Evaluation; Ghana; Reference	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84914697805	Libraries in the information age: A measure of performance, competencies and constraints in academic libraries in Nigerian universities	Asogwa B.E.	2014	Electronic Library	32	5	10.1108/EL-07-2012-0097	Nnamdi Azikiwe Library (NAL), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Asogwa, B.E., Nnamdi Azikiwe Library (NAL), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to measure the competencies of libraries in Nigerian universities, identify constraints to their performance and recommend infrastructures and competencies required. Institutional accreditation has compelled academic libraries in Nigerian to improve their quality, competencies and performances for accountability.Design/methodology/approach - Aquestionnaire was the main instrument for data collection. The population of the study was all the university librarians in the 89 universities in Nigeria that the author selected from federal, state and private universities. Of the 81 sets of questionnaires emailed, 49 were returned, which represents a 60.5 per cent response rate and provides the working population of the study. Data were analysed using frequency tables, simple percentages and bar charts.Findings - The results indicate that academic libraries and librarians in Nigeria are competent in three key areas - educational roles, professional development and research. However, they are not very effective in the provision and use of library resources in cyberspace, adequate funding, collection development and information technology skills. The main constraints are: poor Internet penetration, low bandwidth, unreliable power supply and weak Internet proficiency. This paper suggests that adequate funding, benchmark performance and multi-skilling can serve as strategies against these constraints in developing regions.Practical implications - This study contributes to library staff assessment because it links strategic objectives to performance measures and associated long-term targets. It broadens issues which affect sustainable performance in academic libraries in Nigeria, as well as in Africa and other developing countries.Originality/value - While performance measurement is well established in developed countries, it is less or not so well established in Nigeria and other developing countries. The current research seeks to develop a performance measurement framework for academic libraries that is testable and expandable to Nigeria and the whole African context. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Academic libraries; Benchmarking; ICT; Nigeria; Performance indicators; Performance measurement	None	None
WoS	WOS:000317797800002	Impact of health informatics on nurses' computer skills and the role of the library	Ajayi, N. A.	2013	ELECTRONIC LIBRARY	31	2	10.1108/02640471311312357	Obafemi Awolowo University	None	Purpose - The concept of the paper is how the library can be a useful framework for designing nurses' computer skills. The overarching aim of the research is to focus on how the computer skills involved in nurses' increasing access to health informatics can be used to improve nursing practice, consequently leading to better health care delivery. The objectives involved in achieving this aim include: finding out the level of nurses' computer literacy; finding out nurses' quest for electronic information for problem-based nursing practice; investigating nurses' level of awareness of research-based nursing practice; and finding out areas of desirability of informatics in nursing practice. Design/methodology/approach - The measuring instrument used was a self-administered questionnaire to senior nursing cadres in the Teaching Hospitals Complex, lie-He, Nigeria. There were 230 nurses in these categories, of whom 180 were given questionnaires to fill in. The questionnaire was pre-tested and validated. A total of 167 copies were returned and found to be usable. Simple percentages and a summation weighted index were used to analyse the data. Findings - The paper provides empirical insight into nurses' computer skills and the library's role. The majority of the respondents did not have knowledge of computers; in the School of Nursing they learned it through various means while practising, while a few could access and retrieve information from the available databases. Some difficulties were expressed, such as workload, lack of skills, location of the library with regard to the hospital, etc. The desirability of the introduction of health informatics to the profession is high. Research limitations/implications - The study is limited to a teaching hospital and the results may not be generalisable to non-teaching hospitals, hence the need for further studies. Practical implications - The impact of health informatics on nurses' computer skills and the library's role will save nurses from routine work, enhance their productivity, and will equip them better for the challenges that information technology presents for health professionals. Originality/value - This paper fulfils and identifies the need to introduce health informatics to nursing practice in order to improve patient care.	"ACADEMIC LIBRARIES","ELECTRONIC LIBRARIES",HOSPITALS,LIBRARIES,NIGERIA,NURSES,"SKILLS TRAINING",ATTITUDES	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84949565645	Evaluation of electronic service infrastructures and quality of e-services in Nigerian academic libraries	Asogwa B.E., Ugwu C.I., Ugwuanyi F.C.	2015	Electronic Library	33	6	10.1108/EL-04-2014-0071	Nnamdi Azikiwe Library, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria	Asogwa, B.E., Nnamdi Azikiwe Library, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ugwu, C.I., Nnamdi Azikiwe Library, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ugwuanyi, F.C., Nnamdi Azikiwe Library, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria	Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the quality of online services in academic libraries in Nigeria. It seeks to assess the functionality of electronic infrastructures, to expose areas where the service needs of users are not adequately provided and to recommend solutions. Design/methodology/approach - The sample population was 210 staff and students who used electronic resources in Nigerian university libraries during the 2012-2013 academic session. A questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection. Modified WebQual four performance indicators were designed and used to measure: library equipment, library website, online public access catalogue (OPAC) and e-user education in the university libraries. The five-point service performance scale that ranged from very poor performance to excellent was used in measuring the views of the respondents. Findings - None of the indicators was rated excellent; six were rated good; nine were average; two and five indicators scored poor and very poor, respectively. Poor funding, intermittent power supply and weak telecommunication infrastructures were among the major impediments to online services in Nigerian universities. Through adequate funding and prudent management of library funds, online services in Nigerian university libraries could meet global standards. Practical implications - Results from this paper could guide library management on several concrete remedial actions to sustain e-service performance that could meet the missions and visions of contemporary academic libraries. Originality/value - This paper was the first to apply WebQual model in the evaluation of electronic performance quality of academic libraries in Nigeria. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.	Academic libraries; E-resources; E-services; Nigerian university libraries	None	None
WoS	WOS:000306624400004	Job rotation program evaluation: the Niger Delta University Library	Baro, Emmanuel E.	2012	ASLIB PROCEEDINGS	64	4	10.1108/00012531211244743	Niger Delta Univ	None	Purpose - Since 2004 the Niger Delta University Library has adopted a job rotation program to help solve manpower and skills acquisition problems. The study reported in this paper aimed to evaluate the Niger Delta University job rotation program, including the impact of the program on newly employed librarians and their job performance, and the university library. Design/methodology/approach - The study has two parts. Firstly, the paper reports results from focus group interviews with Niger Delta University librarians who participated in the job rotation program. Secondly, an interview was conducted with the Niger Delta University librarian who adopted the job rotation program to elicit insights into the impact and challenges of the library job rotation program. The Kirkpatrick and Kirkpatrick four-level evaluation framework was chosen to use as a framework for the evaluation of the responses. Findings- The study revealed that the job rotation program is an important program for allowing librarians to acquire new skills, enhance staff productivity, develop new relationships across the university library and gain skills needed for gain skills needed for future career advancement. The participants in the career advancement. The participants in the job rotation program who were interviewed showed a high level of satisfaction with the program. Practical implications - The findings of this study will inform library administrators or management about the adoption of job rotation programs in their libraries. Many university libraries have problems with a lack of skills experienced by new librarians and also as a staff development tool in the workplace. Originality/value - The paper calls for proactive effort by university libraries to adopt new strategies to enhance skills development for efficient productivity.	"ACADEMIC LIBRARIES","JOB MOBILITY","job rotation","library management",NIGERIA,"skills acquisition","skills flexibility"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938864176	Use of ServQUAL in the evaluation of service quality of academic libraries in developing countries	Asogwa B.E., Asadu B.U., Ezema J.U., Ugwu C.I., Ugwuanyi F.C.	2014	Library Philosophy and Practice	2014	1	None	Nnamdi Azikiwe library, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Asogwa, B.E., Nnamdi Azikiwe library, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Asadu, B.U., Nnamdi Azikiwe library, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ezema, J.U., Nnamdi Azikiwe library, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ugwu, C.I., Nnamdi Azikiwe library, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Ugwuanyi, F.C., Nnamdi Azikiwe library, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Purpose - This paper assesses the quality of services to users in academic libraries in developing countries using ServQUAL model. The purpose was to expose the service areas where the desires of library users' are not met, ascertain the causes, and suggest corrective measures. Approach - Both primary and secondary sources were explored for data collection. Questionnaire and the websites were used, and the 3,832 library users sampled from four developing countries was the research population of this article. Data was analyzed and discussed using descriptive statistics, and other illustrations. Findings - The paper revealed that in developing countries: all the service indicators evaluated were negatively marked; There is significant different between the perceptions and expectations of library users; Academic libraries are not satisfying users' expectations; While tangibility and empathy were the highest and lowest dimensions in developing countries, reliability and tangibility were the order in developed countries; factors such as lack of modern facilities, poor funding, and weak e-leadership quality were negatively affecting the quality of library services. Greater efforts should be channeled toward closing the gaps between the perceptions and the expectations of library users. Practical Implications -This result could be used in comparing the service quality of academic libraries in developed and developing countries. Originality -This paper is the first attempt to use ServQUAL model in the comparison of service quality of academic libraries in developed and developing countries.	Academic libraries; Service quality; ServQUAL in academic libraries; ServQUAL in developing countries; ServQual model	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84880040881	Dancing with the devil: formative peer assessment and academic performance	Snowball J.D., Mostert M.	2013	Higher Education Research and Development	32	4	10.1080/07294360.2012.705262	Department of Economics and Economic History, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Centre for Higher Education Research, Teaching and Learning, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Snowball, J.D., Department of Economics and Economic History, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa; Mostert, M., Centre for Higher Education Research, Teaching and Learning, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa	Peer assessment can be important in developing active and independent learners, as well as providing more and faster feedback in large classes, compared to marking done by tutors. In addition, the evaluative, critical stance required by students in order to assess their peers' work encourages the development of higher-order cognitive skills. Changing roles from being assessed to being an assessor can also improve students' ability to judge and improve on their own work. However, peer assessment does have potential problems and there is some debate as to the appropriate academic level at which to implement it, the kinds of feedback that are given and the ways in which students respond. In addition, there is little evidence that peer assessment has an impact on academic performance. This research reports the results of an online peer assessment exercise for a macroeconomics essay conducted in a large Economics 1 class at Rhodes University. Of the 800 students, about half participated in the peer assessment exercise. Data were collected from students via a formal course evaluation. In addition, a sample of 50 essays was evaluated in terms of the relationship between peer marks and final (tutor) marks received and the impact that peer assessment had on the quality of the final essay submitted. An Ordinary Least Squares regression was used to investigate the impact of peer assessment participation on marks. Results showed that peer marks tended to 'bunch' in the 60-68% range, indicating the reluctance of peers to give very high or low marks. In general, peers gave more useful feedback on technical aspects, such as presentation and referencing (which were also the categories in which students most often made improvements), than on content. Regression analysis showed that peer assessment participation was not a significant determinant of final essay mark, but that economics ability and English language proficiency were. © 2013 Copyright HERDSA.	academic outcomes; impact; large classes; online; peer assessment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84958693859	Gender differences in locus of control and student performance in the South African context of accounting studies	Callaghan C., Papageorgiou E.	2015	Meditari Accountancy Research	23	3	10.1108/MEDAR-02-2014-0018	School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Accountancy, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Callaghan, C., School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Papageorgiou, E., School of Accountancy, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Purpose - This paper aims to test the theory that predicts differences in locus of control (LOC) by gender and the relationships between LOC and the performance of accounting students in a large South African university. Design/methodology/approach - Confirmatory factor analysis was appliedto test the applicability of Spector's (1988) LOC scales as a first-order construct in this context. An exploratory factor analysis was then performed to provide a more fine-grained analysis of subordinate constructs. Three component categories were found to emerge from a test of this widely used LOC questionnaire. These component categories were classified as beliefs about the effectiveness of agency, beliefs about chance and beliefs about networks in the contribution to the attainment of outcomes in working contexts. Findings - Further tests revealed that female accounting students demonstrate higher LOC in all the three categories. Females were therefore found to have significantly higher levels of both LOC and student performance; yet, the majority of tested items were not significant in their associations, and total LOC was not found to be associated with higher performance for female or male students. Certain individual items were, however, found to be associated with performance for male students. It is concluded that despite the predictions of seminal theory that predicts convergence around gender, or more egalitarian outcomes in high-skilled contexts over time, accounting student performance in this context might currently be dominated by females. This reflects a current general dominance of females in higher educational attainment and in employment numbers in educational contexts. Research limitations/implications - Limitations of the study include: first, the use of a single university; second, a sample of only first-year accounting students. It is not known whether these findings generalise beyond accounting students with similar university environments. This research is also not causal in nature. The statistical testing used in this study cannot indicate causality. Originality/value - It is recommended that further research investigate the more fine-grained dimensions of LOC that can contribute to accounting student performance and that further qualitative or causal research is performed to "surface" the causal mechanisms that underlie these findings. The value of this research is in the fact that it tests theory that predicts differences in LOC and the relationships between LOC and performance in an important formative context of accounting. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited 2049-372X.	Academic performance; Accounting education; Gender; Locus of control; South Africa	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884548028	Gender, geographic locations, achievement goals and academic performance of secondary school students from Borno State, Nigeria	Musa A.	2013	Research in Education	90	1	10.7227/RIE.90.1.2	Department of Education, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria	Musa, A., Department of Education, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B.1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria	The paper examined gender, geography location, achievement goals and academic performance of senior secondary school students in Borno State, Nigeria. The sample consists of 827 students from 18 public boarding secondary schools across South and North of Borno State: 414 (50.1 per cent) males and 413 (49.9 per cent) are females; 414 (50.1 per cent) are from South of Borno State, 413 (49.9 per cent) from North of Borno State, respectively. An Achievement Goals Scale with a Cronbach alpha of 0.64 was used to measure achievement goals. Tests in English and Mathematics were used to measure academic performance in English and Mathematics and overall academic performance. The data was analysed using MANAVA statistics. The results reveal that male students are more learning goal oriented and also performed significantly better than females in English and overall academic performance but not in Mathematics. Students from Southern Borno State are more learning goal oriented and performed significantly better than those from Northern Borno State in English, Mathematics and overall academic performance. Geographic locations moderate the effects of gender on students' learning goal, Mathematics and overall academic performance. © Manchester University Press.	Academic performance; Achievement goals; Gender; Geographical location	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940949166	Social media network participation and academic performance in senior high schools in Ghana	Mingle J., Adams M.	2015	Library Philosophy and Practice	2015	1	None	Lancaster University Ghana, Ghana; Department of Information Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Mingle, J., Lancaster University Ghana, Ghana; Adams, M., Department of Information Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	This study looks at social media network participation and academic performance in senior high schools. The study was aimed at identifying social media network sites and their usage among students, how students networked and participated on social media networks, time invested by students on social networks, the effects of social media on students' grammar and spelling as well as the effects of social network participation on the student's academic performance within the context of the social learning and the use and gratification theories. To achieve the objectives of the research, the study used a mixed method approach which involved the survey of students in four senior high schools and interviews of heads of the senior high schools. The study revealed that majority of respondents used Whatsapp and Facebook for making friends and chatting. In addition, majority of respondents experienced negative effects such as poor grammar and spelling, late submission of assignment, less study time and poor academic performance due to the heavy participation on social media networks. Furthermore, there was a high addiction rate among students in the usage of social media networks. Nevertheless, there were cases where others experienced improvement in their readings skills as a result of participation on social media networks. Also, respondents shared ideas, discussed and shared examination questions among themselves on social media networks. The study recommended the strict enforcement of Ghana Education Service rule on electronic devices usage in schools, promotion of social media usage for academic purpose, counselling for addicted students and the use of the right grammar and spelling when participating on social networks.	Academic performance; Addiction; Social media networks; Students	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943011778	Entry qualifications and academic performance of architecture students in Nigerian Polytechnics: Are the admission requirements still relevant?	Adewale P.O., Adhuze O.B.	2014	Frontiers of Architectural Research	3	1	10.1016/j.foar.2013.11.002	Department of Architectural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria	Adewale, P.O., Department of Architectural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria; Adhuze, O.B., Department of Architectural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti-State, Nigeria	The competence of fresh graduates of architecture has been continuously criticized by the industry for inadequate knowledge. This is often blamed on the poor standard of education evidenced by poor performances in professional and degree/diploma examinations conducted by various schools of architecture in the country. Although, factors responsible for the scenario are well documented in the literature, most of these works are based on testimonial and circumstantial evidences relating to management of architectural education only. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between entry qualifications and the performance of architecture students in Nigerian Polytechnics with a view to determining the relevance of current admission policy to architectural education in Nigeria. Data were obtained from official records in the Department of Architecture in four randomly selected polytechnics in the southwestern part of Nigeria. Pearson Product Moment Correlation (. r) was used to test the hypotheses. Findings reveal weak relationship between the two variables (physics and mathematics). This is contrary to the expectations of most scholars and policy makers who opine that students' proficiency in these subjects would enhance their performance at higher levels. The paper traces the contradiction to the poor handling of public examinations and misconception of architecture as being pure science. It holds that if these requirements are still relied upon for the admission of students into schools of architecture, wrong candidates would continue to gain entry into the profession. The paper concludes by recommending certain measures that are capable of reversing the trend. © 2014 Higher Education Press Limited Company.	Academic performance; Admission criteria; Architecture; Arts; Education; Science	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892607471	Stakeholder perspectives on strategies that can improve student performance in the school-leaving examinations in Lesotho	Lekhetho M.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	3	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n3p85	College of Education, University of South Africa, South Africa	Lekhetho, M., College of Education, University of South Africa, South Africa	Despite the endless efforts by the Lesotho government and various stakeholders to improve student outcomes in secondary schools, particularly in the school-leaving examinations, the failure rate remains stubbornly high, resulting in high wastage rate. The study adopted a quantitative approach, using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to gather data from 808 participants who included students, teachers, principals, school board members, school inspectors and education secretaries on the strategies that can be used to improve student performance in the school-leaving examinations. Simple descriptive statistics, mainly frequency counts and percentages are used to report the results. To improve academic performance the respondents suggested that there should be collaborative determination of teachers and students, a culture of speaking English at school, regular attendance of classes by teachers, the principal's purposeful leadership and decisiveness in maintaining order and discipline, and student selectivity to ensure that good students are selected at entry levels.	Academic Performance; Admission Policy; Effectiveness; Efficiency	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33645290505	School performance of Nigerian adolescents with epilepsy	Adewuya A.O., Oseni S.B.A., Okeniyi J.A.O.	2006	Epilepsia	47	2	10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00437.x	Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun Stat	Adewuya, A.O., Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa 233001, Osun State, Nigeria; Oseni, S.B.A., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria; Okeniyi, J.A.O., Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria	Purpose: The study assessed the school performance of Nigerian adolescents with epilepsy compared with healthy controls and examined the variables correlating with their academic difficulties. Methods: The school grades of adolescents with epilepsy aged 12 to 18 years (n = 73) over the past academic year were compared with the grades of their classmates of the same age and gender. Risk factors possibly associated with school performance, such as adolescent variables (age, gender, perceived stigma, attitude toward epilepsy, and psychopathology), seizure variables (age at onset of illness, years of illness, types of seizures, and frequency of seizures per month), drug variables [types of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), number of AEDs and side effects of AEDs], and family variables (family's socioeconomic status, family functioning, caretakers' psychopathology, and caretakers' perceived stigma) were assessed. Results: The mean school grades of adolescents with epilepsy are significantly lower than are those of their healthy controls (p < 0.001) in all the subjects. The variables that significantly predict poor school performance in adolescents with epilepsy include psychopathology in the caretaker (p < 0.001), adolescents' perceived poor family functioning (p = 0.002), adolescents' attitude toward the illness (p = 0.001), adolescents' felt stigma (p = 0.002), externalizing symptoms in the adolescents (p = 0.004), and duration of illness (p = 0.024). Conclusions: The determinants of poor school performance in adolescents with epilepsy in Nigeria are multivariate, with psychosocial factors most important. These should be noted for early identification and screening of those children at greatest risk for academic failure and the greatest need for appropriate educational remediation services. © 2006 International League Against Epilepsy.	Academic performance; Adolescents; Childhood; Cross-cultural; Epilepsy; Psychopathology; Risk factors	anticonvulsive agent; carbamazepine; phenytoin; valproic acid; academic achievement; adolescent; adult; age distribution; anticonvulsant therapy; article; caregiver; comparative study; controlled study; correlation analysis; disease classification; disease duration; epilepsy; family life; female; groups by age; human; major clinical study; male; mental disease; morbidity; Nigeria; onset age; patient attitude; priority journal; risk factor; school child; sex difference; social psychology; social status; unspecified side effect; Achievement; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; African Continental Ancestry Group; Age Factors; Anticonvulsants; Attitude to Health; Caregivers; Child; Epilepsy; Female; Health Status; Humans; Learning Disorders; Male; Mental Disorders; Nigeria; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Stereotyping; Students	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79955909023	Factors contributing to the academic performance of students in a private university in Kenya: A case of Daystar university	Karimi F.K.	2010	International Journal of Learning	17	8	None	Commission for Higher Education in Kenya, Kenya	Karimi, F.K., Commission for Higher Education in Kenya, Kenya	There are student-related factors that significantly contribute to the academic performance of undergraduate students in the universities. This study aimed at identifying the factors that contribute to the academic performance of undergraduate students in the universities, using Daystar University as a case. The study also sought to establish the perception of students on the factors that contribute to their academic performance in the university. The study employed both descriptive and path analyses in establishing the factors that contribute to the academic performance of students in the university. Students' final high school grade, English Language proficiency, self-regulatory learning strategies and extrinsic goal orientation were observed to have direct effects on the academic performance of the students in the university. On the other hand, self efficacy, locus of control, intrinsic goal orientations and personality traits were observed to have indirect effects on the academic performance of students in the university. Most of the students perceived the self-regulatory learning strategies to be the greatest determinant of their academic performance in the university. There is need for students as well as their mentors to promote the positive contributors while discouraging the negative ones while enhancing the students academic performance in the university. Transitional issues from high school to tertiary level of education should not be overlooked as a factor contributing to the academic performance of students in the university. Further research is required on the external factors that contribute to the academic performance of students in the university. A replica of the same study in other universities within the country was also deemed necessary. © Common Ground, Florah K. Karimi.	Academic performance; Age; Attitudes; English language proficiency; Goal-orientations; Personality traits; Prior high school grade; Self-regulatory learning strategies; Undergraduate students	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873470588	Home influences on the academic performance of agricultural science students in Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria	Ndirika M.C., Njoku U.J.	2012	Research in Education	88	1	10.7227/RIE.88.1.7	Department of Agricultural Education, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	Ndirika, M.C., Department of Agricultural Education, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Njoku, U.J., Department of Agricultural Education, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	This study was conducted to investigate the home influences on the academic performance of agricultural science secondary school students in Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State. The instrument used in data collection was a validated questionnaire structured on a two point rating scale. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 150 students from nine secondary schools. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics: frequency and mean to investigate the influence of students' participation in practical agriculture at home, students' engagement in extra lessons, parental influence and parents' motivation to their children. Results indicated that involvement in practical agriculture at home, having extra lessons at home, having a reading timetable and enough textbooks, parents checking of their children's school work, prompt payment of school fees and intact family positively affect the academic performance of agricultural science students. Recommendations were made among which is the need for students to be involved in extra lessons at home and in practical agriculture. © Manchester University Press.	Academic performance; Agriculture; Home; Influence; Science	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907287486	Effective leadership conducive to generation of academic performance in Schools	Shonubi O.K.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	20	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p1868	Department of Education Leadership and Management, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Shonubi, O.K., Department of Education Leadership and Management, University of Johannesburg, South Africa	The purpose of this paper was to understand and compare two schools in relation to how effective leadership functions (instructional and transformational leadership) may have been utilized to arrive at differential academic outputs in schools. Towards this end, an exceptionally performing and under-performing school was chosen from within the same socio-economic context with a view to understand how instructional and transformational leadership could result in generating optimal academic performance. These selected schools are government owned and thus, receive similar treatment in terms of funding, control, commitment, management and control, etc. Therefore a major research question: How do selected leadership functions bring about generation of differential student’s exceptional academic performance in schools? Utilizing the qualitative research approach, data was collected from internal key role players (otherwise referred to School Leadership Team [SLT]) from two selected schools: one exceptional performing and the other, underperforming. Participants in the study are; Principals, Viceprincipals and Heads of Department (HODs) from the two schools. I utilised one-on-one semi-structured interview, observations and document review to obtain rich data towards providing answers to the puzzle of the study. Findings among others indicate that monitoring, modelling, and internally funded training and development of teachers, ensured effective instructional delivery and up-date of knowledge in the teaching skills; and subject knowledge update of teachers in the exceptionally performing school, which impacted on student’s performance in the exceptionally performing school, compared to the exceptionally underperforming school. © MCSER-Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research.	Academic performance; and input and output variables; Exceptional performing and underperforming; Instructional leadership; Transformational leadership	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84863796414	Prevalence of malnutrition and its effects on the academic performance of students in some selected secondary schools in Sokoto metropolis	Essien E., Haruna M.J., Emebu P.K.	2012	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	11	7	None	Department of Community Medicine, Nutrition and Dietetic Unit, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 5252, Sokoto, Nigeria; Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokot	Essien, E., Department of Community Medicine, Nutrition and Dietetic Unit, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 5252, Sokoto, Nigeria; Haruna, M.J., Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria; Emebu, P.K., Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria	This study investigated the prevalence of malnutrition and its effect on the academic performance of students in some selected secondary schools in Sokoto metropolis of Sokoto State, Nigeria. The study population was drawn from secondary school students attending Federal Government College and State Government-owned schools. Well tested and validated questionnaires were used to elicit information from the students. Purposive sampling technique was used for the selection of respondents. The selected schools were: Federal Government College (FGC), Sani Dingyadi Secondary School (SDUSS), Nagarta Secondary School (NSS) and Army Day Secondary School (ADSS). A total of two hundred and forty (240) secondary school students comprising 168 males (70%) and 72 females (30%) participated in the study. The result revealed a high prevalence of malnutrition of 35.4% among the selected secondary school students, using BMI as index. Prevalence of malnutrition was significantly higher in SDUSS (43.3%) followed by NCS (35%), ADSS (33.3%) and FGCS (30%). The study recorded a total mean performance score of 44.3% for all the selected schools. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the mean performance score of the secondary school students. Students of FGCS recorded the highest mean score of 60.3% which was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the other selected schools. SDUSS had the lowest mean performance score of 29.6%. Malnutrition was negatively and significantly related with the academic performance (r = -0.154, p<0.01). It was further observed that SDUSS with the highest prevalence of malnutrition has the poorest performance, while FGC with the least prevalence of malnutrition had the best academic performance. Hence, activities to reduce the prevalence of malnutrition should be encouraged. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.	Academic performance; Anthropometry; Malnutrition; Nutritional status; Secondary school	academic achievement; adolescent; adult; article; body mass; child; female; high school; high school student; human; major clinical study; male; malnutrition; Nigeria; nutritional status; prevalence; questionnaire; sampling; school child; scoring system	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937402478	Parental involvement, parenting style, secondary school student attitude towards schooling and academic performance in Kenya	Njagi S.N., Migosi J.A., Mwania J.M.	2014	International Journal of Education Economics and Development	5	2	10.1504/IJEED.2014.061453	Rwika Technical Training Institute, Maasai Mara University, P.O. Box 1264, Embu, Kenya; Department of Education, Administration and Planning, South Eastern Kenya University, P.O. Box 170, Kitui, Kenya; Kitui Town Campus, South Eastern Kenya University, P.O. Box 170, Kitui, Kenya	Njagi, S.N., Rwika Technical Training Institute, Maasai Mara University, P.O. Box 1264, Embu, Kenya; Migosi, J.A., Department of Education, Administration and Planning, South Eastern Kenya University, P.O. Box 170, Kitui, Kenya; Mwania, J.M., Kitui Town Campus, South Eastern Kenya University, P.O. Box 170, Kitui, Kenya	The study sought to find the relationship between parental involvement, parenting style, student's attitude towards school and academic performance. A correlational survey research design was used. Cronbach's alpha (α) for questionnaires from pilot study indicated that, parental involvement α = 0.7, authoritarian parenting α = 0.6, authoritative style α = 0.8, permissive parenting style α = 0.6 and attitude towards school had α = 0.6. Pearson correlation test on data from a sample of 200 students (100 girls and 100 boys) from public secondary schools in Embu North District, showed, parental involvement had positive significant relationship with both students attitude towards school and academic performance, authoritarian style had negative insignificant correlation with attitude towards school, but had significant negative correlation with academic performance, permissive parenting style had negative significant correlation with both attitude towards school and academic performance while attitude towards had positive significant relationship with academic achievement. There is need for parents to be sensitised on parenting. Copyright © 2014 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Academic performance; Attitudes towards school ATS; Kenya; Parental involvement; Parenting style; PS	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892568639	Personality characteristics as predictors of academic performance of secondary school students	Akomolafe M.J.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	2	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n2p657	Department of Guidance and Counselling, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B 001, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria	Akomolafe, M.J., Department of Guidance and Counselling, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B 001, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria	The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of personality characteristics to academic performance of secondary school students. The correlational type of descriptive reseach design was used for the study. Three hundred and ninety eight students constituted the study's sample. Both the independent and dependent variables were measured with relevant standardized instruments. Two research questions were answered in the study. Findings showed that personality dimentions jointly and relatively predicted academic performance except neuroticism. The findings imply that teachers should construct learning environments that take into consideration students' individual differences and strengths. Appropriate counselling interventions should be used to assist students experiencing worry, anxiety, frustration and stress to deal with their concerns.	Academic performance; Big Five; Personality; Personality characteristic	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892560238	E-learning's impact on the academic performance of student-teachers: A curriculum lens	Lumadi M.W.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	14	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n14p695	Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies, College of Education, University of South Africa, South Africa	Lumadi, M.W., Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies, College of Education, University of South Africa, South Africa	This study was planned to explore the impact of eLearning on the academic performance of student-teachers. The researchers' concern with e-Learning was sanctioned by the need for a teaching and learning strategy that can help institutions of learning address their problems and improve on their outcome. In this respect, the researchers conducted an experiment to find out whether student-teachers taught using the method of e-Learning (blended learning) perform better than studentteachers taught using the traditional method of teaching and learning. Findings offers new evidence that e-Learning has a significant influence on the performance of students as student-teachers taught using eLearning consistently performed better than student-teachers taught using the traditional method. Based on this result, recommendations are made to training institutions to embrace ICTs and become more flexible by adopting learning approaches that are dynamic and multidimensional as problems in education are becoming more complex.	Academic performance; Blended Learning; Competences; E-Learning	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84872252674	The effect of dietary pattern and body mass index on the academic performance of in-school adolescents	Ogunsile S.E.	2012	International Education Studies	5	6	10.5539/ies.v5n6p65	Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	Ogunsile, S.E., Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria	The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary pattern and body mass index on the academic performance of in-school adolescents in Ekiti State. One hundred and twenty eight students (10-19 years) selected from three senior secondary schools in Ekiti State Nigeria, formed the participants for this study. Questionnaire was the instrument for data collection and the data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics (bivariate Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression) using Spss version 12 at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of this study showed that of all the adolescents, only 16.4%, 14.1%, 7.0%, 16.4% and 10.2% followed a healthy dietary pattern of regular intake of breakfast, three square meals, milk, fruits and vegetables respectively. 50%, 38.3% and 45.3% followed an unhealthy dietary pattern of regular intake of sweets, chewing gum and soft drinks. With regards to body mass index and academic performance, less than 40% of the respondents were of normal weight and only half of the respondents had good academic performance. Body mass index, breakfast consumption, eating three square meals and regular intake of fruits and vegetables all had significant effects (P <0.05) on the academic performance of adolescents. Also, there was a significant joint effect of body mass index and healthy dietary pattern on the academic performance of these adolescents. Parents and school authorities should make all efforts to ensure healthy dietary pattern among adolescents so as to enhance their academic performance.	Academic performance; Body mass index; Dietary pattern; In-school adolescent	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860877339	Business studies academic performance differences of secondary school juniors in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria	Udoukpong B.E., Emah I.E., Umoren S.E.	2012	International Education Studies	5	2	10.5539/ies.v5n2p35	Department of Educational Foundations Guidance and Counselling, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Curriculum Studies Educational Management and Planning, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Government Technical College, Uyo, Nigeria	Udoukpong, B.E., Department of Educational Foundations Guidance and Counselling, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Emah, I.E., Department of Curriculum Studies Educational Management and Planning, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Umoren, S.E., Government Technical College, Uyo, Nigeria	The research examined the differences in the academic performance in Business Studies of a sampled secondary school junior students in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria. A sample of 290 (138 male and 152 female) Junior Secondary Three (9 th grade) students was surveyed. The students' variables' being examined vis-à-vis academic performance in Business Studies were: 1) gender and 2) self-concept. Students' academic performance in Business Studies differed significantly on the basis of gender and self-concept. Implications for students' personal variables considerations in the teaching-learning of Business Studies are suggested.	Academic performance; Business studies; Gender; Self-concept	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84904136808	Do learning styles influence students' understanding of concepts and academic performance in chemistry?	Kidanemariam D.A., Atagana H.I., Engida T.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	16	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n16p256	Institute of Education, Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia; Institute for Science and Technology Education, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA 0003, Pretoria, South Africa; Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia	Kidanemariam, D.A., Institute of Education, Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia; Atagana, H.I., Institute for Science and Technology Education, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA 0003, Pretoria, South Africa; Engida, T., Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia	Learning styles and instruction have been reported to affect students' academic performance and achievement in science. These reports, however, are too generalized for application to chemistry education specifically. The reports did not take into consideration the combined effects of the nature of chemistry and students learning styles on chemistry instructions and subsequently on students' academic performance. This study was conducted on 167 grade 11 natural science students in two preparatory schools in Ethiopia. It was designed to predict the extent of variation in academic performance in some fundamental chemistry concepts in the topics: Atomic structure & periodic table, and chemical bonding and structure from variations in Felder-Silverman's learning styles. Data were collected through Amharic version of Felder-Soloman's Index of Learning Style (ILS) questionnaire and chemistry tests. The data showed that 1.2% variation in academic performance in the fundamental concepts in chemistry was linked to the variations in Felder-Silverman's learning styles, and this variation was not statistically significant at α=0.05. This implies that the role of learning styles on academic performance on the fundamental concepts considered in this study was not statistically significant. Hence, from this study it is possible to conclude that the influence of learning styles on academic performance is less likely to be the same across fundamental concepts in chemistry.	Academic performance; Chemistry concepts; Chemistry education; Learning styles	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-36949001095	Do working children have worse academic performance?	Fetuga M.B., Njokanma O.F., Ogunlesi T.A.	2007	Indian Journal of Pediatrics	74	10	10.1007/s12098-007-0172-1	Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, P.O. Box 358, Sagamu 121001, Nigeria	Fetuga, M.B., Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, Nigeria, Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, P.O. Box 358, Sagamu 121001, Nigeria; Njokanma, O.F., Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, Nigeria; Ogunlesi, T.A., Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, Nigeria	Objective. To examine the effect of child labor on school children's academic performance. Methods. Primary school children engaged in child labor were compared with age, sex and school-matched controls for absence from school and scores obtained at sessional examination in English language, Mathematics, Sciences and Social studies. Results. There was no significant difference in the mean rate of school absence (p = 0.80), mean aggregate examination scores (p = 0.1) and proportion of class repeaters (p = 0.16) among working school children and the controls. However, a significantly higher proportion of the controls had high (>75%) average examination scores compared with the working school children (p = 0.017). Similarly, the controls performed better than working school childre nin each of four core subjects but significant differences were observed only in Social Studies and Science (p = 0.006 and 0.001 respectively). Conclusion. There is some undermining of academic performance among children who combine schooling with child labor despite comparable school absence with the controls. © 2007 Dr. K C Chaudhuri Foundation.	Academic performance; Child labor	academic achievement; article; child; controlled study; human; job performance; major clinical study; primary school; Absenteeism; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developing Countries; Educational Status; Employment; Female; Humans; Male; Nigeria; Underachievement	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79551651319	Impact of birth weight on the nutritional status and academic performance of school age children	Odenigbo U.M., Nkwoala C.C., Okpala O.C.	2010	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	9	12	10.3923/pjn.2010.1157.1161	Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Michael Okpala University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	Odenigbo, U.M., Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Michael Okpala University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Nkwoala, C.C., Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Michael Okpala University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Okpala, O.C., Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Michael Okpala University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	This study compared the nutritional status and academic performance of Low Birth Weight (LBW) and Normal Birth Weight (NBW) school-aged population in Nigeria. A total of 119 subjects were involved in this study from a purposely selected one rural and one urban school in Abia state. Pre tested and validated questionnaires were used in data collection. Academic performance was obtained from their school records, while birth weights and ages were obtained from health/immunization cards. SPSS version 15.0 was used for data analysis. The subjects comprised of 57.1% males and 42.9% females, of 9-12 years old. Low prevalence (14.3%) of LBW was found. All three indicators used for nutritional status assessment (weight for age; height for age; BMI) showed more than 50% of study population as having normal nutritional status (96.64, 74.79 and 63.03% respectively). Stunting was 10.08%, overweight 2.52% and 6.72%, while obesity was 0.84%. This study revealed a significant (p<0.05) influence of birth weight on nutritional status with the use of BMI and weight for age indicators. The only child found underweight (<-2SD weight for age) had a LBW. The NBW group had higher percent of normal nutritional status than LBW group (Weight for age: 98.04% Vs 88.24%, BMI 65.69% Vs 47.06%). Stunted was found among 11.77% of the LBW and 9.80% of NBW groups (p>0.05). The subjects' birth weight had no significant (p>0.05) influence on their academic performance. The findings of this study emphasize more attention to children born with LBW for improvement in their growth and academic performance. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2010.	Academic performance; Children; LBW; Nutritional status	academic achievement; article; body height; body mass; body weight; child; child nutrition; controlled study; female; human; low birth weight; male; Nigeria; nutritional assessment; nutritional status; obesity; questionnaire; school child; stunting	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866619901	Impact of clicker technology in a mathematics course	Simelane S., Skhosana P.M.	2012	Knowledge Management and E-Learning	4	3	None	Department of Teaching and Learning with Technology, Higher Education and Support, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa	Simelane, S., Department of Teaching and Learning with Technology, Higher Education and Support, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa; Skhosana, P.M., Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa	This article reports on the implementation of clickers to improve the success rate of first-year mathematics students. There were 105 students registered in this course, in a university of technology in South Africa. In order to do this, an orientation test in the form of a paper-based assessment was first conducted to determine what students already knew. About 21.9% of the students did not take the test and 20% did not pass it. These results raised concerned. Thereafter students were taught. After four weeks they were evaluated on their understanding of the concept taught in class. Results did not improve much, as 48.6% of the students did not pass the test. Therefore, a technology-engagement teaching strategy (TETS) using clicker technology was developed and implemented in order to improve the pass rate. Weekly continuous assessments or diagnostic tests were conducted in order to establish the changes in students' academic performance. A survey questionnaire was administered after the teaching and learning of incorporating clickers. This questionnaire also examined students' perspective on the usefulness of clickers in teaching and learning. The results showed that the effective implementation of clickers with the integration of a TETS improved students' success rate.	Academic performance; Clickers; Technology-engagement teaching strategy	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919846414	The impact of interactive engagement methods on students' academic achievement	Tlhoaele M., Hofman A., Winnips K., Beetsma Y.	2014	Higher Education Research and Development	33	5	10.1080/07294360.2014.890571	Teaching and Learning with Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Centre for Learning and Teaching, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands	Tlhoaele, M., Teaching and Learning with Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Hofman, A., Centre for Learning and Teaching, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Winnips, K., Centre for Learning and Teaching, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Beetsma, Y., Centre for Learning and Teaching, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands	Interactive engagement (IE) is a process that promotes students' conceptual understanding through activities, combined with immediate feedback from peers and/or instructors. The present study investigates the impact of IE on students' academic performance, using the comprehensive model of educational effectiveness. Engineering students (n = 158), randomly divided into three groups (self-assessment, collaborative learning, and control) provided the study data on questionnaires as well as with their test scores. Analyses of covariance reveal significant differences across groups, along with significant interaction effects. These findings have notable implications for improving students' academic achievement. © 2014, © 2014 HERDSA.	academic performance; collaborative learning; interactive engagement; self-assessment	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77955156143	Effect of constructivist-based teaching strategy on academic performance of students in integrated science at the junior secondary school level	Bimbola O., Daniel O.I.	2010	Educational Research and Reviews	5	7	None	Department of Curriculum Studies and Instructional Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Information Technology, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nige	Bimbola, O., Department of Curriculum Studies and Instructional Technology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Daniel, O.I., Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Information Technology, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria	Integrated science plays vital role in Nigerian science education programme because it prepares pupils at the Junior Secondary School level for the study of core science subjects at the Senior Secondary School level which in turn brings about students' interest in science oriented courses at the tertiary institutions. Despite government's efforts to encourage science teaching and learning among Nigerian students right from the Junior Secondary School level, the enrolment of students in core science subjects and science oriented courses at the Senior Secondary School level and tertiary institutions level respectively, is not encouraging. This is as a result of Junior Secondary School students' negative attitude towards integrated science. Research reports indicate that this negative attitude was caused, majorly, by teachers' conventional (lecture) method of teaching integrated science. Research reports on the effectiveness of constructivist-based teaching strategy revealed that the strategy enhanced students' academic performance. In view of this, this study examines the effectiveness of constructivist-based teaching strategy on academic performance in integrated science by Junior Secondary School students in South-West Nigeria. Quasi-experimental research design was used to achieve the purpose of this study. Participants were 120 Junior Secondary School Students randomly selected from four out of the 25 co-educational Junior Secondary Schools in Ijebu-ode local government area of ogun state, South-west Nigeria. Findings revealed that the constructivist instructed students had higher scores on the post test and the delayed post test, compared to those exposed to conventional (lecture) method of teaching. We concluded that if integrated science teachers could incorporate constructivist-based teaching strategy into their teaching methods, there would be an improvement in academic performance of Junior Secondary School Students in integrated science. The researchers recommended that integrated science teachers should incorporate constructivist-based teaching strategy in their methods of teaching. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Academic performance; Constructivism; Conventional (lecture); Integrated science; Junior secondary school III students; Nigeria	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879999017	Continuous assessment, mock results and gender as predictors of academic performance of chemistry students in WASSCE and NECO examinations in Ekiti state	Adesoji F.A., Kenni A.M.	2013	International Education Studies	6	7	10.5539/ies.v6n7p1	Department of Teacher Education, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Ikere Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Adesoji, F.A., Department of Teacher Education, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Kenni, A.M., Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Ikere Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Education is one of the fundamental and critical indices of development in a nation or an individual. The challenges post by our fast changing and dynamic world informed the need to constantly access the educational process so as to guarantee quality of educational assessment; several factors have been identified to be responsible for students' poor performance in chemistry at the secondary school level. One of these factors could be modes of assessment. This paper, therefore investigated Continuous Assessment, Mock results and gender as predictors of academic performance in WASSCE and NECO Examinations. The study adopted a survey research design of the ex-post facto type. The sample comprised 892 senior secondary school III drawn fromthe secondary schools in Ikere local government area of Ekiti state. Three research questions were answered in the study. Data were analysed using multiple regression statistic. The results showed that 41.3% of the total variance in chemistry students, performance in WASCE results is accounted for by mock results, continuous assessment and gender (adjusted R2 = 0.413). And 0.7% of the total variance in chemistry students, performance in NECO examination results is accounted for by three factors (continuous assessment, mock results and gender) (R2 =0.007%).the three factors made significance relative contribution to chemistry students' academic performance in WASCE; continuous assessment (β= 0.282, p= 0.05&lt;), mock results (β=0.396, p=&lt;0.05) and gender (β=0.078, P=&lt;0.05) while the contribution to performance in NECO examination is not significance. Mock result made the greatest contributions to chemistry students academics performance in NECO (β=0.070, p=&lt;0.05) followed by continuous assessment (β=0.066, P=&lt;0.05) and gender (β= 0.061, p=&lt;0.05). Gender has significant influence on chemistry students' academic performance in WASSCE (β=0.078, p&lt;0.05) while it has little or no influence on chemistry students' performance in NECO (β=0.061, p&lt;0.05). That is, the three variables could be used to predict chemistry students' academic performance. It is recommended among others that school authority should ensure that only students whose performance in continuous assessment and mock examination is encouraging are allowed to register for either WASSCE or NECO examinations.Also, both internal and external assessment should be done without gender bias.	Academic performance; Continuous assessment; Gender; Mock results	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84916594942	Health behaviour and self-reported academic performance among university students: An international study	Peltzer K., Pengpid S.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	27	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n27p998	ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Madidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand; University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Sovenga, South Africa; HIV/AIDS/STIs/and TB (HAST), Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X41, Pretoria, South Africa	Peltzer, K., ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Madidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Sovenga, South Africa, HIV/AIDS/STIs/and TB (HAST), Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X41, Pretoria, South Africa; Pengpid, S., ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Madidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Sovenga, South Africa	The aim of this study was to investigate health correlates of academic performance among university students from 26 low and middle income and emerging economy countries. Using anonymous questionnaires, data were collected from 20222 university students, 41.5% men and 58.5% women, with a mean age of 20.8 years (SD=2.8), from 26 countries across Africa, Asia and Americas. Overall, 28.4% reported excellent or very good, 65.5% good or satisfactory and 6.2% not satisfactory academic performance. Multivariate linear regression found that that sociodemographic factors (younger age, coming from a wealthier family background, lack of social support and high intrinsic religiosity), health behaviours (trying to eat fibre, avoiding fat and cholesterol, high levels of physical activity, no illicit drug use, not drinking and driving), and better mental health (no severe sleep problem and no moderate or severe depression) were associated self-reported academic performance. Several clustering health behaviours were identified which can be utilized in public health interventions. © 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved.	Academic performance; Correlates; Multi-country; University students	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930346162	Factors affecting the academic performance of optometry students in Mozambique	Shah K., Naidoo K., Bilotto L., Loughman J.	2015	Optometry and Vision Science	92	6	10.1097/OPX.0000000000000606	Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland; Brien Holden Vision Institute, Durban, South Africa; African Vision Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Optometry Department, Dublin Institute of Technology, 19A Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland	Shah, K., Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland, Optometry Department, Dublin Institute of Technology, 19A Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland; Naidoo, K., Brien Holden Vision Institute, Durban, South Africa, African Vision Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Bilotto, L., Brien Holden Vision Institute, Durban, South Africa; Loughman, J., Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland, African Vision Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa	Purpose. The Mozambique Eyecare Project is a higher education partnership for the development, implementation, and evaluation of a model of optometry training at UniLúrio in Mozambique. There are many composite elements to the development of sustainable eye health structures, and appropriate education for eye health workers remains a key determinant of successful eye care development. However, from the first intake of 16 students, only 9 students graduated from the program, whereas only 6 graduated from the second intake of 24 students. This low graduation rate is attributable to a combination of substandard academic performance and student dropout. The aim of this article was to identify factors affecting the academic performance of optometry students in Mozambique. Methods. Nine lecturers (the entire faculty) and 15 students (9 from the first intake and 6 from the second) were recruited to the study. Clinical competency assessments were carried out on the students, semistructured individual interviews were conducted with the course lecturers, and a course evaluation questionnaire was completed by students. The results were combined to understand the complexities surrounding the optometry student training and performance. Results. One student out of nine from the first intake and three students out of six from the second were graded as competent in all the elements of the refraction clinical competency examination. Analysis of data from the interviews and questionnaire yielded four dominant themes that were viewed as important determinants of student refraction competencies: student learning context, teaching context, clinic conditions and assessment, and the existing operating health care context. Conclusions. The evaluations have helped the university and course partners to better structure the teaching and adapt the learning environments by recommending a preparatory year and a review of the curriculum and clinic structure, implementing more transparent entry requirements, increasing awareness of the program, and improving Internet infrastructure. Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Optometry.	academic performance; course evaluation questionnaire; learning context; lecturer interviews; Mozambique; optometry students; teaching context	Computer aided instruction; Curricula; Education; Education computing; Optometers; Refraction; Surveys; Teaching; Vision; Academic performance; Course evaluations; Learning context; lecturer interviews; Mozambique; Students; clinical competence; curriculum; education; female; human; middle aged; Mozambique; optometry; questionnaire; standards; teaching; Clinical Competence; Curriculum; Educational Measurement; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Mozambique; Optometry; Questionnaires; Teaching	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-42549157498	Effects of night-reading on daytime sleepiness, sleep quality and academic performance of undergraduate pharmacy students in Nigeria	Adeosun S.O., Asa S.O., Babalola O.O., Akanmu M.A.	2008	Sleep and Biological Rhythms	6	2	10.1111/j.1479-8425.2008.00338.x	Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria; D	Adeosun, S.O., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria; Asa, S.O., Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria; Babalola, O.O., Department of Clinical Pharmacy Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria; Akanmu, M.A., Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220-005 Osun State, Nigeria	We evaluated the impact of night reading on daytime sleepiness, quality of sleep and performance of student. Pharmacy students (N = 253, 71.5% response rate) completed a sleep and study lifestyle questionnaire, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index and the Epworth sleepiness scale questionnaires, and their grade indices (were obtained. The results showed that the prevalence of night reading was 76.7% and there was a significant (P < 0.05) association between night reading and sleep quality, and also between sleep quality and academic performance. Thus, habitual night reading may affect academic performance, possibly due to the reduced sleep and poor sleep quality of habitual night readers. © 2008 The Authors Journal compilation © 2008 Japanese Society of Sleep Research.	Academic performance; Daytime sleepiness; PSQI; Sleep education; Sleep quality	academic achievement; adolescent; adult; article; controlled study; daytime somnolence; Epworth sleepiness scale; female; human; human experiment; lifestyle; male; Nigeria; night; normal human; pharmacy student; prevalence; priority journal; questionnaire; reading; scoring system; sex difference; sleep; sleep time	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960109170	Socio-demographic variables and distance learners' academic performance at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria	Oladejo M.A., Nelson Adewole I.G.E., Fagunwa A.O., Arewa O.O.	2010	European Journal of Scientific Research	46	4	None	Federal College of Education (SP), Nigeria; Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Nigeria	Oladejo, M.A., Federal College of Education (SP), Nigeria; Nelson Adewole, I.G.E., Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Nigeria; Fagunwa, A.O., Federal College of Education (SP), Nigeria; Arewa, O.O., Federal College of Education (SP), Nigeria	The recognition of the importance of distance education in providing students with the best and most up-to-date educational resources available in addition to the traditional teaching methods that they receive has made several traditional Universities to rapidly transform themselves from single mode to dual mode Universities. With the growth and acceptance of distance education, it becomes critical to ensure the success of students in the programme. This study therefore provided a causal explanation of academic performance through the analysis of some students' socio-demographic variables at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive research design of the 'ex-post facto' type. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 1500 participants while purposive sampling technique was adopted to select the University of Ibadan's Distance Learning Centre. Data were collected through self-designed questionnaire(r=.75). Two research questions were answered, while one hypothesis was tested at .05 level of significance. Regression analysis and t-test were employed for data analysis. Age and disability status made significant contributions to distance learners' academic performance. Gender has no significant difference on academic performance (t = .33, df =1488, P> 0.05). Students should pay serious attention to the selected factors, most importantly age and disability status. © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2010.	Academic performance; Demographic variables; Distance learning; Social variables	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649766739	Disability status and academic performance in a nigerian university: Instructional implications for inclusive distance education practice	Lagoke B.A., Komolafe M.D., Ige N.A., Oladejo M.A.	2010	European Journal of Social Sciences	17	3	None	Federal College of Education (sp), Nigeria; Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Nigeria	Lagoke, B.A., Federal College of Education (sp), Nigeria; Komolafe, M.D., Federal College of Education (sp), Nigeria; Ige, N.A., Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Nigeria; Oladejo, M.A., Federal College of Education (sp), Nigeria	The need for Inclusive distance education in order to ensure that both abled and non-abled persons are included in the educational provision has become imperative to guarantee access to equal educational opportunities. In recent time, the academic performance of nonabled students has been a source of concern to stakeholders in the field of distance education This study therefore, provided a causal explanation of academic performance through the analysis of students' disability status at the National Open University of Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive research design of the 'ex-post facto' type. Stratified simple random sampling technique was used to select 1500 participants while purposive sampling technique was adopted to select the National Open University of Nigeria. Data were collected through questionnaire during the 2009 contact session. Two research questions and one hypothesis were answered and tested in the study. Pearson correlation, regression analysis and t-test were employed for data analysis. Students' disability status has significant contribution to academic performance. There was also a significant difference in students' academic performance based on disability status (t=2.39, df= 1488, P<0.05). Institutional providers should provide for adequate special support services and personnel for the exceptional students who may be disadvantaged in the programme.	Academic performance; Disability status; Distance education; Open university	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78651456579	Psychological Constructs and Academic Performance at the National Open University of Nigeria: Counseling and Planning Implications	Nelson Adewole I., Olajide Olawole A., Maruff Akinwale O., Akinola Gbadebo A.	2010	European Journal of Social Sciences	18	1	None	Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Lagos, Nigeria; Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo, Nigeria	Nelson Adewole, I., Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Lagos, Nigeria; Olajide Olawole, A., Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo, Nigeria; Maruff Akinwale, O., Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Lagos, Nigeria; Akinola Gbadebo, A., Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Lagos, Nigeria	The recognition of the importance of distance education in providing students with the best and most up-to-date educational resources available in addition to the traditional teaching methods that they receive has led to rapid transformation of several traditional Universities from single mode to dual mode ones. With the growth and acceptance of distance education, it is important to ensure the success of students in the programme. This study therefore aimed at providing a causal explanation of distance learners' academic performance through the analysis of some students' psychological variables.The descriptive research design of the 'ex-post facto' type was adopted for the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 1500 participants while purposive sampling technique was adopted to select the National Open University of Nigeria. Data were collected through three validated and reliable questionnaires. Two research questions were raised and answered with the aid of multiple regression analysis. The three psychological variables had joint contribution of 15.6% to academic performance. The order of importance of these variables to the prediction of academic performance is self-regulation, self-efficacy and self-concept respectively. Only self-regulations made significant contribution to academic performance. Students should endeavour to inculcate good selfregulations skills.	Academic performance; Distance learning; Psychological variables	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898721705	Influence of home based factors on the academic performance of girl learners from poverty stricken families: A case of Zimbabwe	Chinyoka K., Naidu N.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	6 SPEC. ISSUE	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n6p223	Great Zimbabwe University, Department of Educational Foundations, Zimbabwe; Department of Psychology of Education, University of South Africa (UNISA), College of Education, South Africa	Chinyoka, K., Great Zimbabwe University, Department of Educational Foundations, Zimbabwe; Naidu, N., Department of Psychology of Education, University of South Africa (UNISA), College of Education, South Africa	This article examines the home based factors that influence the academic performance of the girl child from poverty stricken households in Masvingo province, Zimbabwe. With the prevailing economic hardships faced by the majority of the people in Zimbabwe since 1990, the number of girl children living in poverty is continually increasing and it has become a growing issue. A qualitative phenomenological design was used incorporating focus group discussions, interviews and observations as data collection instruments with ten girl children, six parents and four teachers at two secondary schools, one rural and another urban in Masvingo province. The participants comprised girl students doing form three, their parents and also some of their teachers. The study is informed by Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory. This study established that the girl child's academic performance is affected by multiple contexts including family, home, neighbourhood and school. The study concluded that family income, parental level of education, gender, home circumstances, and family size influenced academic achievement of girls in secondary schools. The home circumstances of girls from poor backgrounds were observed to be not conducive to learning because of a lack of lighting, spending much time on domestic chores, having no desk or table to work at, or not having books at home. The girl learners also did not get basic needs met like food, sanitary pads and school fees. Recommendations are that the government should sensitize parents on the need and importance of supporting the education of girls and on the importance of providing for the needs of the girl child. Finally, every effort must be made to ensure that the affected children have stable, preferably home/family based care and adequate social support. Various policies and interventions can help to attenuate poverty's negative influence on child development.	Academic performance; Ecological; Girl child; Home-based; Phenomenological; Poverty	None	None
WoS	WOS:000261308200006	Improving success rates of first-year Economics students by means of a summer school programme - an evaluation	Horn, P. M.,Jansen, A. I.	2008	EDUCATION AS CHANGE	12	1	None	Stellenbosch University	"Horn, P. M.: Stellenbosch University","Jansen, A. I.: Stellenbosch University"	The high failure rate of first-year Economics students has become a concern at most South African universities. It affects the throughput of students and has financial implications for the institution as well as the students. At academic departmental level it may impact on the number of students who consider continuing their studies in Economics. At the beginning of 2007, Stellenbosch University (in the Western Cape, South Africa) launched a pilot summer school with the aim of improving students' learning outcomes and pass rates. Techniques used were geared towards actively involving the students in their own learning process. Various authors indicate the importance of active learning for student performance. This may include techniques such as in-class experiments and the writing of assignments. The case study presented in this paper investigates these techniques. The summer school programme combined traditional lectures and interactive learning approaches, primarily co-operative learning (through small tutorial sessions) and writing tasks, thereby ensuring active participation by students. The results achieved in the summer school (a pass rate of 89%) provide a justification to explore the success of this structured approach for future applications.	"ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE","Economics first-year students","Summer School","teaching and learning techniques",ATTENDANCE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-64149113743	Tutorial classes - Why bother? An investigation into the impact of tutorials on the performance of economics students	Horn P.M., Jansen A.I.	2009	South African Journal of Economics	77	1	10.1111/j.1813-6982.2009.01194.x	Department of Economics, Stellenbosch University (SU), Stellenbosch, South Africa	Horn, P.M., Department of Economics, Stellenbosch University (SU), Stellenbosch, South Africa; Jansen, A.I., Department of Economics, Stellenbosch University (SU), Stellenbosch, South Africa	The deteriorating performance of first-year economics students has become a concern at many South African universities. Addressing the issue requires an understanding of the factors influencing students' success. Studies analysing academic performance use the education production function approach. This approach identifies inputs that are crucial to learning and to achieving certain outputs. Factors that have been investigated in other studies include the impact of lecture attendance on performance, school-leaving exam (matriculation) results, particularly performance in mathematics, and the gender and age of students. This study adds to existing local empirical research by analysing the impact of the tutorial programme as an input. The case study investigates the tutorial programme for first-year economics students at Stellenbosch University using quantitative analysis. Results confirm what previous studies have found, namely that lecture attendance, gender, and matriculation results contribute positively to the performance of first-year economics students. The main finding of the paper is that tutorial attendance also contributes positively to academic performance. © 2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2009 The Economic Society of South Africa.	Academic performance; Economics; First-year students; Tutorial programme	economics; education; learning; performance assessment; student; Africa; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866560208	The influence of differences in social and cultural capital on students' expectations of achievement, on their performance, and on their learning practices in the first year at university	Dukhan S., Cameron A., Brenner E.A.	2012	International Journal of Learning	18	7	None	University of the Witwatersrand, Gauteng, South Africa	Dukhan, S., University of the Witwatersrand, Gauteng, South Africa; Cameron, A., University of the Witwatersrand, Gauteng, South Africa; Brenner, E.A., University of the Witwatersrand, Gauteng, South Africa	Even in post-Apartheid South Africa a legacy of inequality persists, since members of the wealthier sector, who generally have parents with a University education, are able to attend well resourced schools, while the majority of the population is forced (through economic circumstances) to attend under-resourced schools. Since access to tertiary education has increased, many individuals, who have attended under-resourced schools, are now able to attend University as "first generation" students whose parents have had no University experience. First and second generation students thus enter University having different expectations, learning practices and experiences which have been influenced, to a large extent, by their high school experiences. In addition, first generation students lack social and cultural capital which also influences their learning practices. This study compares the learning practices and academic performance of first and second generation students in a first year Biology course at Wits University. The influence of social and cultural capital on student academic performance is investigated. Students' expectations and experiences of their academic performance become more realistic as they go through first year but they experience great difficulty in trying to adjust their study methods to meet the expectations of the academic environment. As much as first generation students who have sibling experience of University have access to social capital, and therefore more realistic views on the academic requirements at University, they still do not perform any better than first generation students who have no sibling experience of University. In order for educational redress within South African democracy to be effective, it is important to understand the supportive measures that students may require in order to succeed at University. Furthermore, first generation students who have siblings that attended University have access to social capital, unlike those without this experience. This study examines the importance of social capital and cultural capital in the context of a Biology course at Wits University. © Common Ground, Shalini Dukhan, Ann Cameron, Elisabeth A. Brenner. .	Academic performance; First and second generation student; First-year university; Student expectation at university; Student university experience	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-65549150059	The self-concept and academic performance of institutionalized and non-institutionalized HIV/AIDS orphaned children in Kisumu municipality	Kimani Chege G., Cheboswony M., Kodero H.M., Misigo B.L.	2009	Educational Research and Reviews	4	3	None	Moi University, School of Education, P.O. Box 3900, 30100 Eldoret, Kenya	Kimani Chege, G., Moi University, School of Education, P.O. Box 3900, 30100 Eldoret, Kenya; Cheboswony, M., Moi University, School of Education, P.O. Box 3900, 30100 Eldoret, Kenya; Kodero, H.M., Moi University, School of Education, P.O. Box 3900, 30100 Eldoret, Kenya; Misigo, B.L., Moi University, School of Education, P.O. Box 3900, 30100 Eldoret, Kenya	The HIV/AIDS pandemic has increasingly become a major factor in the emergence of orphans in the developing countries. These orphans are usually traumatized due to the multiple losses, isolation, stigma and grief. The study sought to investigate the effect of institutionalization of children on the self-concept of the AIDS-orphaned children and to investigate the relationship between self-concept and academic performance of the AIDS-orphaned children. The ex-post-facto research design was adopted. A total of 138 orphaned pupils that is 67 boys and 71 girls participated in the study. The study was based on Rogers' (1951) theory on self-concept. Data was analyzed using the t - test and the correlation coefficient. The study found out that there was a difference in self-concept and academic performance between pupils orphaned by HIV/AIDS living in institutions and those living with extended families, guardian homes and in parental homes. The difference in self-concept was not significant but the institutionalized orphans performed better academically than those who are non-institutionalized. The study recommended that since stigma and discrimination is still very rampant in schools, children should be taught against such behaviors to avoid orphans feeling different, and they should be treated as ordinary children. This would enhance their self-concept and academic performance. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Academic performance; Institutionalization non-institutionalization; Selfconcept	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900845582	Good quality sleep is associated with better academic performance among university students in Ethiopia	Lemma S., Berhane Y., Worku A., Gelaye B., Williams M.A.	2014	Sleep and Breathing	18	2	10.1007/s11325-013-0874-8	Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Lemma, S., Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Berhane, Y., Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Worku, A., School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Gelaye, B., Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Williams, M.A., Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States	Purpose: This study assessed the association of sleep quality with academic performance among university students in Ethiopia. Methods: This cross-sectional study of 2,173 college students (471 female and 1,672 male) was conducted in two universities in Ethiopia. Students were selected into the study using a multistage sampling procedure, and data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Sleep quality was assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and academic performance was based on self-reported cumulative grade point average. The Student's "t" test, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression were used to evaluate associations. Results: We found that students with better sleep quality score achieved better on their academic performance (P value=0.001), while sleep duration was not associated with academic performance in the final model. Conclusion: Our study underscores the importance of sleep quality on better academic performance. Future studies need to identify the possible factors which influence sleep quality other than the academic environment repeatedly reported by other literature. It is imperative to design and implement appropriate interventions to improve sleep quality in light of the current body of evidence to enhance academic success in the study setting. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.	Academic performance; Khat and students; Sleep quality	academic achievement; adult; analysis of variance; article; college student; cross-sectional study; Ethiopia; female; human; major clinical study; male; multiple linear regression analysis; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; priority journal; self concept; sleep quality; sleep time; Student t test; university student; achievement; Catha; cultural factor; psychology; questionnaire; risk factor; sleep; statistics and numerical data; student; Substance-Related Disorders; young adult; Achievement; Catha; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Sleep; Students; Substance-Related Disorders; Young Adult	T37-MD001449, NIH, National Institutes of Health
Scopus	2-s2.0-36348947933	The relationship between lecture attendance and academic performance in an undergraduate psychology class	Thatcher A., Fridjhon P., Cockcroft K.	2007	South African Journal of Psychology	37	3	None	Discipline of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand WITS, 2050, South Africa; School of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Discipline of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Thatcher, A., Discipline of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Witwatersrand WITS, 2050, South Africa; Fridjhon, P., School of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Cockcroft, K., Discipline of Psychology, School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	This article reports on a preliminary investigation into the impact of non-attendance at lectures on the performance of students in a second-year psychology class. Results suggest that the frequency of lecture attendance is significantly, but moderately, related to better academic performance and that 'always' attending lectures is the best indicator of academic performance. These results are discussed in relation to understanding lecture non-attendance and improving academic performance. © Psychological Society of South Africa. All rights reserved.	Academic performance; Lecture attendance; Teaching psychology; Undergraduate psychology classes	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77957606832	Motivational variables and academic performance of urban and rural secondary school students in Oyo state, Nigeria	Adepoju T.L.	2008	KEDI Journal of Educational Policy	5	2	None	Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria	Adepoju, T.L., Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria	This study examined the degree of relationship among motivational variables and academic performance of students in secondary school certificate examinations (SSCE) in Oyo State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. 100 secondary schools and 1000 senior school students were selected using probability proportional to size and simple random sampling methods respectively. Data collected were analyzed using percentages, multiple regression and t-test statistics. The study showed among other thingsthat there was an enhanced relationship of each of the motivational variables in respect to academic performance with the provision of learning materials (X2) as the most predictor variable, followed by employment of private teachers (X3) and conducive school environment (X7), respectively. Suggestions were made to improve the performances of students in schools. © Korean Educational Development.	Academic performance; Motivational variables; Rural schools; School certificate; Urban schools	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875002515	Impact of teachers' motivational indices on science students' academic performance in Nigerian Senior Secondary Schools	Oredein A., Awodun A.	2013	International Education Studies	6	2	10.5539/ies.v6n2p49	Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria; College Of Education, Ikere-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	Oredein, A., Department of Educational Management, Faculty of Education, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria; Awodun, A., College Of Education, Ikere-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria	The impact of science teachers motivation on science students academic performance in Senior Secondary Schools in Ondo and Ekiti States of Nigeria was investigated in this study. This was a descriptive survey research which was questionnaire based and past WAEC O/L ((May/June 2008 and 2009) student results on the science subjects. The population of the study was all public Secondary Schools (science teachers and students) in Ekiti and Ondo States, Nigeria. A stratified random sampling was used to select a total of five hundred and ten (510) science teachers (male and female) from Ekiti and Ondo States from the selected schools for the study. And a total six thousand eight hundred (6,800) Science Students (male and female) from the selected schools was also considered in the study. In each of the school selected for the study, only teachers of Biology, Chemistry and Physics were involved in the sample and the students that registered and wrote Biology, Chemistry and Physics WAEC examination of May/June 2008 and 2009 in Ekiti and Ondo states of Nigeria. The data collected for the study were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Multiple Regression analysis and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. All the hypotheses were tested at 5 % level of significance. Among others, the study revealed that; there was significant relationship between regular payment of science teachers allowance and academic performance of science students; there was significant relationship between regular teachers participation in seminars/workshops and academic performance of science students. Also, there exist statistical significant relationship between granting of study leave with pay to science teachers and academic performance of science students. As a result of the findings, it was recommended that the adequate science allowance should be regularly paid to the science teachers to enhance their excellent performance.	Academic performance; Motivation; Science subjects; Science teachers allowance; Training and re-training	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84908312636	The moderating effect of self-motivation on the relationship between parent’s socio-economic background and children’s academic performance at Nigerian universities	Ekpe I., Adelaiye M.O., Adubasim E.I., Adim V.C.	2014	Asian Social Science	10	21	10.5539/ass.v10n21p73	Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia; Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Nigeria; Department of Management, University of Port-Harcourt, Nigeria	Ekpe, I., Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia; Adelaiye, M.O., Department of Business Administration and Management, Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria; Adubasim, E.I., Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Nigeria; Adim, V.C., Department of Management, University of Port-Harcourt, Nigeria	The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effect of self-motivation on the relationship between parent’s socio-economic backgrounds on their children’s academic performance at Nigerian Universities, which has received little attention. Issues concerning University undergraduate youths have become a cause for concern among stakeholders in the project called ‘education in Nigeria’. Such issues like expulsion from school due to examination malpractice or cultism, withdrawal due to poor academic performance and production of half-baked graduates have forced many concerned people to question the role of teachers as well as parent’s socio-economic background. The paper adopted a survey methodology to solicit responses from 150 final year University students (2012/2013) of Business Faculties in the north, east and west regions of Nigeria; using stratified proportionate random sampling. After data cleaning, 130 data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression. One of the results indicated that student’s self-motivation (hard work) and rich parental socio-economic background are needed to achieve academic success; though self-motivation appears to be a more critical success factor. The paper recommended that the government and the authorities of Nigerian universities should intensify effort at counselling the students on the need to study hard in order to achieve academic success rather than relying on their parents’ socio-economic background. This will improve teaching and learning in Nigerian Universities. The study is limited to University Business Faculties in Nigeria. Future studies can investigate other tertiary institutions in Nigeria. © Canadian Center of Science and Education.	Academic performance; Self-motivation; Socio-economic background	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79959670878	Designing self-evaluation instruments for academic programmes: Lessons and challenges	Ansah F.	2010	Evaluation and Research in Education	23	2	10.1080/09500791003717238	Garden City University College, P.O. Box 12775, Kenyasi, Kumasi, KK, Ghana	Ansah, F., Garden City University College, P.O. Box 12775, Kenyasi, Kumasi, KK, Ghana	A study was conducted to design valid and reliable self-evaluation instruments for periodic evaluation of academic programmes of Bolgatanga Polytechnic in Ghana, using evaluation experts and relevant stakeholders of the polytechnic. This paper presents some of the challenges, including those of institutional support, the technical demands of designing the instrument and that of culture. How these challenges were met and the lessons learnt illustrate how selfevaluation was introduced to an institution where previously no course evaluation had been carried out. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.	Academic programmes; Instrument design; Self-evaluation	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84864591014	Case Study: The Impact of the ACU-PAL Scheme for the Provision of Journal Subscriptions to Libraries in Developing Countries	Ahenkorah-Marfo M., Senyah Y.	2012	Serials Librarian	63	2	10.1080/0361526X.2012.700776	University Library, KNUST, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana	Ahenkorah-Marfo, M., University Library, KNUST, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana; Senyah, Y., University Library, KNUST, Private Mail Bag, Kumasi, Ghana	This study examines the impact of the Association of Commonwealth Universities-Protecting the African Library (ACU-PAL) scheme for the provision of journal subscriptions to libraries of developing economies, using the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology library in Kumasi, Ghana as a case study. The history of the scheme is outlined and subscription outcomes between 2006 and 2009 are critically examined. The mode of selecting and ordering of the journals is also discussed. The scheme has been found to have met the core journal needs of faculty and students to a greater extent, and this success could be enhanced further if the challenges identified are addressed. Recommendations are made to improve on the scheme and advice is provided for non-participating members to take advantage of the scheme. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.	academic publishers Commonwealth Universities; journal subscription; low-cost journals	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84859187717	Exploring the impacts of social networking sites on academic relations in the university	Rambe P.	2011	Journal of Information Technology Education:Research	10	1	None	Office of International Academic Programmes, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Rambe, P., Office of International Academic Programmes, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa	Social networking sites (SNS) affordances for persistent interaction, collective generation of knowledge, and formation of peer-based clusters for knowledge sharing render them useful for developing constructivist knowledge environments. However, notwithstanding their academic value, these environments are not necessarily insulated from the exercise of academic/ power. Despite a growing corpus of literature on SNS's capacity to enhance social capital formation, foster trust, and connect interactants in remote locations, there is a dearth of research on how SNS potentially leverages academic /power relations in university settings. Mindful of the unsubstantiated nexus between power relations, knowledge construction, and academic appropriation of SNS, unraveling the impact of SNS on lecturer-student and student-peer power relations in the university can illuminate the understanding of this academic connection/puzzle. This work employs Critical Theory of Technology (CTT) and virtual case study method to explore the influence of SNS use on power relations of lecturers, students, and their peers in a blended (Facebook-enhanced) Information Technology course at a middle-sized South African university. The findings demonstrate that academic appropriation of SNS differentially empower academics and students at different times, and students employ various forms of sophisticated authorial language to territorialise power in their interactions with lecturers and peers. Academics and instructional designers are urged to examine different forms of language employed in lecturer-student and student-peer discourses to grasp student learning needs and to foster meaningful, knowledge-rich learning environments.	Academic relations; Critical theory of technology; Differential power; Meaningful learning; Social networking sites	Academic relations; Affordances; Differential power; Instructional designer; Knowledge construction; Knowledge environment; Knowledge-sharing; Learning environments; Meaningful learning; Power relations; Remote location; Social capitals; Social networking sites; Student learning; Study methods; Engineering education; Information technology; Social sciences computing; Students; Teaching; Social networking (online)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84907958857	Impact of Retirement Age Policy on the Workforce of a Higher Education Institution in South Africa	Udjo E.O., Erasmus B.	2014	Politics and Policy	42	5	10.1111/polp.12092	University of South Africa, South Africa	Udjo, E.O., University of South Africa, South Africa; Erasmus, B., University of South Africa, South Africa	Several key sectors including higher education institutions have a skills shortage in South Africa. Combined with aging of its workforce, higher education institutions may find it increasingly difficult to maintain adequate numbers of skilled and experienced employees to fulfill their core functions. This study assesses the impact of mandatory retirement age on the workforce of a higher education institution in South Africa. The data were obtained from the Human Resources of the higher education institution and using an estimation model. The results indicate that a mandatory retirement age of 60 years has a negative impact on the future size of permanent academic staff in the short-to-medium term. However, a mandatory retirement age of 65 years or even higher has positive impact on the number of permanent academic staff in the institution. © 2014 Policy Studies Organization.	Academic retirement; Employment policy; Higher education; Labor attrition; Labor policy; Labor turnover; Labour policy; Population aging; Retirement age policy; South africa; Sub-saharan africa; Universities	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952112077	Evaluation of final examination papers in engineering: A case study using bloom's taxonomy	Swart A.J.	2010	IEEE Transactions on Education	53	2	10.1109/TE.2009.2014221	Department of Electronic Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa	Swart, A.J., Department of Electronic Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa	Questions are used to obtain information, stimulate thinking, and redirect reasoning. Academics in higher education use questions on a daily basis to stimulate thinking and reasoning in students. Final examination papers are used by academics to assess the retention and application skills of students. The assumption, however, exists that questions relating to application skills at universities of technology should start to dominate the higher academic levels in education, with a subsequent drop in questions regarding retention skills. These questions may be categorized as either higher order or lower order questions. This article attempts to distinguish between these two types of questions in light of Bloom's taxonomy, with similar concepts such as deep and surface learning being examined. The literature review is applied to an electrical engineering module titled Electronics, which serves as the case study. The results of this study indicate that a high percentage of the final examination papers dealt with the objective Application, where students had to make use of numerous mathematical equations to solve various unknowns. The results also indicated that academics in electronics are using more lower order than higher order questions in their final examination papers. A balance is suggested between these two types of questions for various academic levels at universities of technology. © 2009 IEEE.	Academics; Bloom's taxonomy; Examination papers; Higher order questions; Lower order questions	Academic level; Academics; Bloom's taxonomy; Higher education; Higher order; Literature reviews; Mathematical equations; Surface learning; Blooms (metal); Electrical engineering; Paper; Taxonomies; Teaching; Students	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84901337173	Perceptions of organisational readiness for the performance management system: A case study of a university of technology	Sibongiseni Ngcamu B.	2012	Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition	8	3	None	Mangosuthu University of Technology, South Africa	Sibongiseni Ngcamu, B., Mangosuthu University of Technology, South Africa	The absence of a single performance management system (PMS) aligned to institutional strategy and business processes often results in failure to deliver anticipated benefits as it is not cascaded down to all departments, teams or individuals. This study aims to determine employees' expectations for the proposed PMS and their perceptions of the system's impact on effectiveness within the university concerned. This study adopted a quantitative research design and a survey method was used, whereby, a structured questionnaire was administered by the researcher to a selected population size of 150 of which 108 completed questionnaires, generating a response rate of 72%. The study reflects a disproportionately high percentage of 34% of the respondents who disagreed and 21.3% who were undecided as to whether PMS is needed at the university concerned where the majority of these respondents being academics and those with matriculation. The university concerned should develop a PMS which is aligned to the university strategic plan and to other university policies coupled with structured change management interventions focusing on academics and semi-skilled employees.	Academics; Effectiveness; Performance management system; Rewards strategies	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897401138	The impact of leadership styles on employee organisational commitment in higher learning institutions	Wiza M., Hlanganipai N.	2014	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	5	4	10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n4p135	Department of Business Management, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Private Bag 1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa	Wiza, M., Department of Business Management, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Private Bag 1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa; Hlanganipai, N., Department of Business Management, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Private Bag 1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa	The current study seeks to determine the impact of leadership styles on employees' organisational commitment constructs among University academic staff at a selected South African institution. A quantitative methodology, using self-administered surveys comprised of the Organisational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) and the Multi Factor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) was used to collect data from 160 respondents. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20.0. Spearman correlation analysis was used to test for relationships between the independent variable (leadership style) and the dependant variable (organizational commitment. The findings of the study revealed that transformational leadership style has a significant and positive relationship with affective and continuance employee commitment while transactional leadership style has significant and positive relationship with only normative commitment. Based on the findings of this study, it is worth noting that leadership styles plays an important role to an employees' organizational commitment and it is very important for organizational policy makers to take this into consideration in order to meet organizational goals. This study contributes to the bank of findings relating to the development of leadership and organisational commitment, not only in South Africa, but within the institutions of higher learning in particular.	Academics; Impact; Organisational commitment; Transactional leadership; Transformational leadership	None	None
WoS	WOS:000226082700001	Knowledge base system for human resource evaluation in a university environment	Akinyokun, OC,Uzoka, FME	2005	JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION	33	1	None	University of Calgary, Fed Univ Technol Akure	None	The statutory objectives of a university include teaching. research. and community development. The major assets employed in the attainment of these objectives include mail, money, materials, and time, Man, who serves as the major driver of the other assets, has three components, namely academic staff, administrative staff, and technical staff. An essential management function is the evaluation of the academic staff of the university in order to determine their contributions to the aims and objectives of the university. In this study, a knowledge base system has been developed for the evaluation of the performance of human resources in a university environment, with emphasis on the academic staff component. The system, christened HURES. is developed in a Microsoft Access and Visual Basic 6.0 environment. A case study of the academic staff of a university community is carried out in order to demonstrate the practicality of the system.	"ACADEMIC STAFF","cognitive filter","emotional filter",evaluation,"HUMAN RESOURCES","INFERENCE ENGINE","KNOWLEDGE BASE",UNIVERSITY	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903709067	Online fuzzy based decision support system for human resource performance appraisal	Samuel O.W., Omisore M.O., Atajeromavwo E.J.	2014	Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation	55	None	10.1016/j.measurement.2014.05.024	Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Computer Science, Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-uku, Delta-State, Nigeria	Samuel, O.W., Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria; Omisore, M.O., Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria; Atajeromavwo, E.J., Department of Computer Science, Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-uku, Delta-State, Nigeria	The evaluation of employees' performance is geared towards assessing individual's contribution to the attainment of organizational goals. Performance appraisal (PA) is a key tool in an organization due to its potency to either make or mar such organization. Irregular standards for human resource PA, tribal sentiment, emotional status of assessors, and delay in appraisal processes among others are the key problems of the conventional methods of appraising employees' performances in an organization. This research therefore proposes an online fuzzy based decision support system for human resource PA. The proposed system incorporates an efficient computational technique which handles the delays and bias associated with the orthodox performance appraisal system in organizations. The fuzzy inference system developed in this research uses Mamdani technique, Center of Gravity Defuzzification approach and takes as input the key attributes considered when appraising the performance of an employee. An experimental study of the proposed system was conducted using the dataset of academic staff. Standard statistical technique was used to measure the accuracy level of the System and the result shows that the proposed system has 0.78 probability (78%) of predicting accurately the appraisal status of an academic staff.© 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Academic Staff; Fuzzy Inference System; Human Resource Manager; Performance Appraisal	Artificial intelligence; Decision support systems; Fuzzy systems; Academic staff; Computational technique; Fuzzy inference systems; Organizational goals; Performance appraisal; Performance appraisal system; Resource managers; Standard statistical techniques; Human resource management	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77952968257	Impact of management style on performance indicators of academic staff	Irtwange S.V., Orsaah S.	2009	Educational Research and Reviews	4	12	None	Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Department of Business Management, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria	Irtwange, S.V., Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Orsaah, S., Department of Business Management, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria	The objective of this study is to assess the impact of management style on academic staff performance with University of Agriculture, Makurdi as a case study. The management style of the vice chancellor of the University of Agriculture, Makurdi between the periods, September 3, 1996 to September 3, 2001 was determined using the Ohio State University and University of Michigan Models. Based on a population of 269 academic staff, a sample size of 200 was selected using the purposive and random sampling techniques. Research questionnaire, interview and personal observations were employed as instruments for data collection. Analysis of data indicates that the vice chancellor was rated below desirable limits both on the considerate or employee centered management style (Cronbach alpha =0.978) and on the initiating structure or production centered management style (Cronbach alpha = 0.968). This indicates low concern for production and people, which answers to the impoverished management style of the grid model. Chi-square (X 2) test at 5% level of significance showed that there is a relationship between the management style of the vice chancellor of University of Agriculture, Makurdi and academic staff performance. As expected, academic staff of the university were found to have performed poorly on all six performance indicators - qualification, teaching/cognate experience, contribution to university and community, publications, current research and extension and administrative experience. The results of the study further indicate that with good management of men and materials, performance of academic staff in the Nigerian university system will be enhanced if they are appropriately motivated and rewarded. The study recommends that proven ability and capacity to professionally manage men, money and materials to deliver on the core mandates of the various universities in Nigeria should be the most important consideration in appointment of vice chancellors. © 2009 Academic Journals.	Academic staff; Management style; Performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84925957503	Fear of Negative Evaluation as a Mediator of the Relation between Academic Stress, Anxiety and Depression in a Sample of Ghanaian College Students	Nonterah C.W., Hahn N.C., Utsey S.O., Hook J.N., Abrams J.A., Hubbard R.R., Opare-Henako A.	2015	Psychology and Developing Societies	27	1	10.1177/0971333614564747	Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, United States; University of North Texas, Texas, United States; University of Illinois, Chicago, United States; University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	Nonterah, C.W., Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, United States; Hahn, N.C., Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, United States; Utsey, S.O., Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, United States; Hook, J.N., University of North Texas, Texas, United States; Abrams, J.A., Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia, United States; Hubbard, R.R., University of Illinois, Chicago, United States; Opare-Henako, A., University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana	This study examined the mediator effects of the fear of negative evaluation (FNE) on the relation between academic stress and psychological symptoms in a sample of Ghanaian college students (N = 431). A multi-step structural equation modelling (SEM) procedure was used to test the specified mediator model and several fit indices were calculated to assess how well the model fit the data. In addition, path coefficients were calculated to determine whether mediation had been established. The results indicated that the specified model produced a good fit to the data. Moreover, the findings revealed that FNE partially mediated the relation between academic stress and the psychological symptoms of anxiety and depression. Implications for the study’s findings are discussed and recommendations for future research are presented. © 2015 Department of Psychology, University of Allahabad	academic stress; college students; Culture; fear of negative evaluation; Ghana	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922625230	Toxicological evaluation of the aqueous extract of Acalypha wilkesiana in Wistar albino rats	Olukunle J.O., Jacobs E.B., Ajayi O.L., Biobaku K.T., Abatan M.O.	2015	Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine	12	1	10.1515/jcim-2013-0066	Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokut	Olukunle, J.O.; Jacobs, E.B., Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ajayi, O.L., Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Biobaku, K.T., Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Abatan, M.O., Department of Veterinary Physiology Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of IbadanOyo State, Nigeria	Background: Acalypha wilkesiana (Euphorbiaceae) is highly accepted for traditional treatment of human plasmodiasis in Africa. Methods: The toxicological effects of the aqueous leaf extract of A. wilkesiana were studied in 45 male and female Wistar albino rats. An acute toxicity testing was done using 21 rats divided into seven groups and LD50 determined. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, the extract was administered orally over a period of 28 days to rats in three groups with doses of 400mg kg-1, 800mg kg-1 and 1,600 mg kg-1, respectively, and the fourth group administered with water served as control. Blood samples were collected for hematological and serum biochemical analysis; organs of the animals were harvested for histopathological examination. Results: The acute toxicity testing showed that the extract was non-toxic at doses up to 3,000mg kg-1 and the LD50 was calculated to be 2,828.34mg kg-1. The study showed that at 1,600mg kg-1 dose, the extract caused a decrease in the level of neutrophils (NEUT) while lymphocytes (LYMP) were statistically significantly increased. The administration of the extract also resulted in varying significant dose dependent increase in the levels of aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). There were also significant increases in the level of total protein (TP), urea (URN) and albumin (GLB) especially at 1,600mg kg-1 dosage. Histopathology showed that the extract caused mild to severe significant lesions that are dose dependent in the liver and kidney when compared with the control group. Conclusions: Prolonged administration of high dose of A. wilkesiana extract has tendency to cause organ toxicity. © 2015, walter de gruyter gmbh. All rights reserved.	Acalypha wilkesiana; Hematology; Histopathology; Serum biochemistry; Toxicity	Acalypha wilkesiana extract; alanine aminotransferase; albumin; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; plant extract; protein; unclassified drug; urea; alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; plant extract; urea; Acalypha wilkesiana; alanine aminotransferase blood level; albumin blood level; alkaline phosphatase blood level; animal experiment; animal model; Article; aspartate aminotransferase blood level; controlled study; disease severity; dose response; histopathology; LD 50; liver toxicity; lymphocyte; nephrotoxicity; neutrophil; nonhuman; plant leaf; protein blood level; rat; urea blood level; Wistar rat; Acalypha; adverse effects; animal; blood; drug effects; enzymology; female; kidney; liver; male; metabolism; toxicity testing; Acalypha; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Female; Kidney; Liver; Male; Plant Extracts; Rats, Wistar; Toxicity Tests, Acute; Urea	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-40749116957	The genus Hyalomma koch, 1844: V. re-evaluation of the taxonomic rank of taxa comprising the H. (Euhyalomma) marginatum koch complex of species (Acari: Ixodidae) with redescription of all parasitic stages and notes on biology	Apanaskevich D.A., Horak I.G.	2008	International Journal of Acarology	34	1	None	United States National Tick Collection, Institute of Arthropodology and Parasitology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460-8056, United States; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Apanaskevich, D.A., United States National Tick Collection, Institute of Arthropodology and Parasitology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460-8056, United States; Horak, I.G., Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	The systematic morphology of species within the Hyalomma (Euhyalomma) marginatum Koch complex of ticks is illustrated and their relationships within this assemblage are discussed. Traditionally this group comprises the extremely polymorphic species Hyalomma (Euhyalomma) marginatum Koch, 1844 subdivided into four subspecies, namely H. (E.) marginatum marginatum Koch, 1844; H. (E.) marginatum rufipes Koch, 1844; H. (E.) marginatum isaaci Sharif, 1928 and H. (E.) marginatum turanicum Pomerantzev, 1946. A fifth member of the association, namely H. (E.) glabrum Delpy, 1949, has recently been re-instated as a full species. The taxonomic rank of the first mentioned four ticks is herein raised to species level. Details on the repositories of type specimens, synonyms, descriptions, variability, hosts, geographic distribution, and disease relationships of these four ticks are provided, and all their developmental stages are illustrated.	Acari; Female; Geographic distribution; H (E.) isaaci sharif; H (E.) turanicum pomerantzev; H. (E.) marginatum koch; H. (E.) rufipes koch; Hyalomma (euhyalomma) marginatum koch complex; Ixodidae; Larva; Male; Nymph; Systematics	Acari; Hyalomma; Hyalomma marginatum; Hyalomma marginatum marginatum; Hyalomma marginatum rufipes; Hyalomma rufipes; Ixodida; Ixodidae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33747166729	Evaluation of screening methods for improved storability of soybean seed	Addai I.K., Safo-Kantanka O.	2006	International Journal of Botany	2	2	10.3923/ijb.2006.152.155	Department of Agronomy, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box 1350, Tamale, Ghana; Department of Crop Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Addai, I.K., Department of Agronomy, University for Development Studies, P.O. Box 1350, Tamale, Ghana; Safo-Kantanka, O., Department of Crop Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Various forms of accelerated ageing tests have been used to evaluate storability of seed lots but very little work has been done on how these tests correlate or relate well with ambient storage and their effectiveness in selecting for seed storability. In this study, hundred seeds each from three soybean genotypes were subjected to three accelerated ageing tests by soaking the seeds in 20% ethanol solution for two hours, in 20% methanol solution for two hours or in 75°C hot water for seventy seconds. The same quantity of seeds was stored on laboratory wooden shelves for a period of four months at a temperature range of 22-25°C and 30-35% relative humidity. Germination percentage of seeds from these four categories revealed that the ethanol solution predicted seed storability more than hot water and methanol treatments. In another experiment, seeds from individual M 2 plants were screened either by using the ethanol test or by storing threshed and unthreshed seeds at a temperature range of 22-25°C and relative humidity of 30-35% for a period of four months. Only the M 2 plants whose seeds produced germination percentage of 80% or above were selected. Compared to the two ambient storage methods, the ethanol solution was less effective a screening method for improved seed storability but could be used as an initial screening method to predict seed storability in soybeans. However, storability of such seeds should always be confirmed by storage under ambient conditions especially in later generations of selection. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Accelerated ageing tests; Gamma irradiation; Improved storability; Screening methods; Soybean seed	Glycine max	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34548274984	The correlation of segment accelerations and impact forces with knee angle in jump landing	Elvin N.G., Elvin A.A., Arnoczky S.P., Torry M.R.	2007	Journal of Applied Biomechanics	23	3	None	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Laboratory for Comparative Orthopaedic Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Steadman Hawkins Research Foundation, Vail, CO, United States	Elvin, N.G., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Elvin, A.A., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Arnoczky, S.P., Laboratory for Comparative Orthopaedic Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Torry, M.R., Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Steadman Hawkins Research Foundation, Vail, CO, United States	Impact forces and shock deceleration during jumping and running have been associated with various knee injury etiologies. This study investigates the influence of jump height and knee contact angle on peak ground reaction force and segment axial accelerations. Ground reaction force, segment axial acceleration, and knee angles were measured for 6 male subjects during vertical jumping. A simple spring-mass model is used to predict the landing stiffness at impact as a function of (1) jump height, (2) peak impact force, (3) peak tibial axial acceleration, (4) peak thigh axial acceleration, and (5) peak trunk axial acceleration. Using a nonlinear least square fit, a strong (r = 0.86) and significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlation was found between knee contact angle and stiffness calculated using the peak impact force and jump height. The same model also showed that the correlation was strong (r = 0.81) and significant (p ≤ 0.05) between knee contact angle and stiffness calculated from the peak trunk axial accelerations. The correlation was weaker for the peak thigh (r = 0.71) and tibial (r = 0.45) axial accelerations. Using the peak force but neglecting jump height in the model, produces significantly worse correlation (r = 0.58). It was concluded that knee contact angle significantly influences both peak ground reaction forces and segment accelerations. However, owing to the nonlinear relationship, peak forces and segment accelerations change more rapidly at smaller knee flexion angles (i.e., close to full extension) than at greater knee flexion angles. © 2007 Human Kinetics, Inc.	Accelerometers; Jumping height; Landing ground reaction	Accelerometers; Contact angle; Correlation theory; Impact strength; Physiological models; Stiffness; Ground reaction force; Jump landing; Jumping height; Knee angle; Shock deceleration; Biomechanics; acceleration; adult; article; correlation analysis; force; height; human; human experiment; jumping; knee function; male; nonlinear system; normal human; statistical significance; thigh; tibia; trunk; Acceleration; Adult; Computer Simulation; Gait; Humans; Knee Joint; Locomotion; Male; Models, Biological; Range of Motion, Articular; Stress, Mechanical; Task Performance and Analysis	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79954438383	Impact of methodological decisions on accelerometer outcome variables in young children	Ojiambo R., Cuthill R., Budd H., Konstabel K., Casajús J.A., González-Agüero A., Anjila E., Reilly J.J., Easton C., Pitsiladis Y.P.	2011	International Journal of Obesity	35	SUPPL.1	10.1038/ijo.2011.40	College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Physiology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia; Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Division of Developmental Medicine, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom	Ojiambo, R., College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, Department of Medical Physiology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Cuthill, R., College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Budd, H., College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Konstabel, K., National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia, Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Casajús, J.A., Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; González-Agüero, A., Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Anjila, E., Department of Medical Physiology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Reilly, J.J., Division of Developmental Medicine, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Easton, C., School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom; Pitsiladis, Y.P., College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, Department of Medical Physiology, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya	Background: The impact of accelerometer-related methodological decisions relating to the assessment of physical activity and sedentary time has not been conclusively determined in young children. Objectives: To determine the effects of epoch and cutoff points on the assessment of physical activity and sedentary time and to determine the accelerometer wear time required to achieve reliable accelerometer data in children. Design: Children were recruited from centres at Ghent, Glasgow, Gothenburg and Zaragoza. Methods: Physical activity was assessed for 1 week in 86 children (41 girls, 45 boys; mean age 7±2 years) by uniaxial accelerometry. The epoch was set at 15 s and reintegrated to 30 and 60 s. Time spent sedentary and in moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was assessed using a range of cutoff points. Number of days required to achieve 80% reliability was predicted using the Spearman-Brown Prophecy formula. Results: The Reilly cutoff points (<1100 counts per min (CPM)) indicated less sedentary time per day when comparing 15 vs 30 s and 15 vs 60 s epochs: 570±91 vs 579±93 min and 570±91 vs 579±94 min, respectively; P<0.05. Pate cutoff points (>420 counts per 15 s) reported more MVPA time per day compared with Sirard (890 counts per 15 s) and Puyau cutoff points (>3200 counts per min) using 15 s epoch: 78 (4-197) min (median (range) vs 18 (1-80) min and 24 (1-100) min, respectively; P<0.001. Compliance with guidelines of at least 60 min MVPA was 84, 78 and 73% for Pate cutoff points using 15, 30 and 60 s epochs, respectively, but 0% for Sirard and Puyau cutoff points across epochs. The number of days required to achieve 80% reliability for CPM, sedentary and MVPA time was 7.4-8.5 days. Conclusion: Choice of epoch and cutoff point significantly influenced the classification of sedentary and MVPA time and observed compliance to the MVPA guidelines. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved.	accelerometry; IDEFICS; MVPA; objective measurement	accelerometer; article; body composition; child; correlation coefficient; female; human; human experiment; male; methodology; normal human; outcome variable; physical activity; practice guideline; priority journal; reliability; school child; sedentary lifestyle; Acceleration; Child; Decision Making; Exercise; Exercise Test; Female; Humans; Male; Monitoring, Ambulatory; Motor Activity; Sedentary Lifestyle	None
None	None	Evaluation of Moringa oleifera leaf meal inclusion in cassava chip based diets fed to laying birds	Olugbemi T.S., Mutayoba S.K., Lekule F.P.	2010	Livestock Research for Rural Development	22	6	None	Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	Olugbemi, T.S., Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria; Mutayoba, S.K., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania; Lekule, F.P., Department of Animal Science and Production, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania	The feasibility of using Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) as an ingredient in cassava chip based diets fed to commercial egg strain chickens and its effects on their production and egg quality were investigated. Eighty laying birds comprising of ten birds per replicate and two replicates per treatment were assigned to four isocaloric and isonitrogenous dietary treatments. The diets comprised of Cassava Chips (CC) and MOLM combinations (CC0M0-0%CC, 0%MOLM; CC20M0-20%CC, 0%MOLM; CC20M5 - 20%CC, 5%MOLM; CC20M10 - 20%CC, 10%MOLM) in addition to other ingredients. A completely randomized design was employed. Feed intake, feed conversion ratio and laying percentage were not influenced by the inclusion of MOLM. The lowest egg weight was from the maize based group (CC0M0). Feed cost per kilogram and feed cost per kilogram egg produced declined with inclusion of MOLM. Albumen and yolk percentages were not influenced by the inclusion of MOLM. Eggs from birds on the 10% MOLM diets differed in Roche colour score (7.79) from those on the other diets. General acceptability of the cooked eggs was highest from the 10% MOLM group. Results of the study indicate that cassava chips can be fed whole to laying birds and the inclusion of MOLM at levels up to 10% in cassava chip based diets fed to commercial egg laying birds is possible and without negative effects in terms of egg quality parameters. The benefits of enhanced acceptability are equally an advantage of its inclusion.	Acceptability; Alternative feed ingredients; Egg quality; Production	Aves; Gallus gallus; Manihot esculenta; Moringa oleifera; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34547133453	Consumer acceptability and sensory evaluation of a fermented cassava product (Nigerian fufu)	Tomlins K., Sanni L., Oyewole O., Dipeolu A., Ayinde I., Adebayo K., Westby A.	2007	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	87	10	10.1002/jsfa.2941	Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria	Tomlins, K., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom; Sanni, L., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Oyewole, O., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Dipeolu, A., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Ayinde, I., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Adebayo, K., University of Agriculture, PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria; Westby, A., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, United Kingdom	The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sensory profile and acceptability of six types of fufu (a fermented cassava product) produced by different processes using sensory evaluation and consumer acceptability testing. Fufu samples were selected to evaluate the acceptability of dried fufu flours, which are increasingly being consumed, and compare with a traditional paste and a newly developed paste that produces less environmental waste. Descriptive sensory profiles of the selected samples demonstrated distinct differences in sensory profiles. They were evaluated for consumer acceptance at three demographic locations; Lagos (n = 91), Ibadan (n = 121) and Abeokuta (w = 99), Nigeria. Fufu made from a paste that produced less environmental waste had the highest acceptance scores, followed by flour and paste made by the traditional method and finally the remaining flours. Average consumer liking between the three locations did not differ. Three distinct consumer segments were identified and the number of consumers in these segments differed between the locations. Consumers differentiated fufu made from pastes and from flour. Internal preference mapping indicated that consumers associated the flours with sensory attributes such as sticky texture and raw cassava odour, while pastes were associated with soft texture, and shiny and creamy appearance. Fufu acceptance varies widely among consumers and is related to preferences for distinct fufu flavour profiles. Correlations between consumer acceptance scores and sensory scores appeared to be non-linear for many attributes but a larger sample size of fufu samples would be necessary to confirm this. The implications of these finding are discussed. © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.	Acceptability; Cassava; Consumer preference; Flour; Fufu; Nigeria; Sensory evaluation; West Africa	Manihot esculenta	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-45949110251	Evaluation of the nutrient and sensory properties of multimixes and porridges made from maize, soybean, and plantain for use as complementary food	Nnam N.M., Baiyeri G.T.	2008	Ecology of Food and Nutrition	47	1	10.1080/03670240701615374	Department of Home Science, Nutrition, and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Nnam, N.M., Department of Home Science, Nutrition, and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria; Baiyeri, G.T., Department of Home Science, Nutrition, and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	This study is part of a series of exploratory works on the use of cheap and locally available staples to improve the Nigerian traditional complementary foods. The proximate, some mineral, and vitamin compositions of composite flours formulated from maize, soybean, and plantain landrace or hybrid were evaluated. The processing included sprouting maize for 48 h, boiling soybean for 1 h, and hand peeling plantain to obtain the pulp. The samples were dried and milled into fine flours. The flours were combined in ratios of 70:30:0, 65:30:5, 60:30:10, and 55:30:15 (protein basis) of maize, soybean, and plantain landrace or hybrid. Standard assay methods were used to evaluate the composites for nutrient composition. The nutrient levels of the composites were compared with Codex Alimentarius Commission Guidelines for formulated supplementary foods for older infants and young children. "Ogi" flour and Nutrend served as the controls. Porridges made from the composites were evaluated for sensory properties. The boiled soybean contained appreciable quantities of protein (42.18%) and lipid (18.60%). The energy levels of the flour blends and the protein levels of some of the composites (maize, soybean, and plantain landrace or hybrid, 60:30:10) were comparable to that of Nutrend and met the Codex Alimentarius Commission Guidelines. The composites showed nutritional superiority over "ogi" flour in terms of protein, lipid, ash, and iron nutriture. The porridges made from the composites were accepted slightly by the judges. Further work is currently underway in our laboratory to improve the nutrient composition of the composites and the acceptability of their porridges.	Acceptability; Complementary food; Composite flour; Nutrients; Porridges	food consumption; food quality; maize; nutrient; nutritive value; soybean; vitamin; Africa; Nigeria; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Africa; Glycine max; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80053981441	Production and organoleptic evaluation of complementary foods from fermented composite flours of legume, cereal, root and tubers	Mbah B.O.	2009	Journal of Home Economics Research	42654	None	None	Department of Home Science, Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Mbah, B.O., Department of Home Science, Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria	Cheap, nutritious, easy to prepare and acceptable complementary foods from fermented cereal, root and tuber, and legume were produced and organoleptically evaluated. Yellow maize (YM), sorghum (SG), cowpea (CP), cocoyam (CY) and sweet potatoes (SP) were fermented for 72h in water at a ratio of 1:3(w/v), sun dried to 5% moisture and hammer-milled into fine flours. The flours were analyzed for nutrient by standard methods. The flours were blended into eight composite flours (blends) on protein basis - (SGCP, YMCP, YMSP, SGSP, YMCY, SGCY, at a ratio of 70:30 and SGCPSP, YMCPCY at 60:20:20). Porridges were prepared from blends, and their organoleptic qualities evaluated on a 9-point hedonic scale, by a 22 member taste panel. Fermentation increased protein in flours and product and improved the food potentials of all porridges. SGCP and YMCP porridges had higher organoleptic rating and acceptability than other blends, and could be incorporated into complementary foods.	Acceptability; Complementary food; Fermentation; Staple foods	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33947433681	Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy: Evaluation of a new delivery approach and the policy implications for malaria control in Uganda	Mbonye A.K., Bygbjerg I., Magnussen P.	2007	Health Policy	81	03-Feb	10.1016/j.healthpol.2006.05.018	Reproductive Health Division, Department of Community Health, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 7272, Kampala, Uganda; Department of International Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; DBL, Institute of Health Research and Development, Jaegersborg Allé ID, 2920 Charlottelund, Denmark	Mbonye, A.K., Reproductive Health Division, Department of Community Health, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 7272, Kampala, Uganda; Bygbjerg, I., Department of International Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Magnussen, P., DBL, Institute of Health Research and Development, Jaegersborg Allé ID, 2920 Charlottelund, Denmark	The impact of intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) on malaria in pregnancy is well known. In countries where this policy is implemented, poor access and low compliance to this intervention has been widely reported. A study was designed to assess a new approach to deliver IPT to pregnant women through traditional birth attendants (TBAs), drug-shop vendors (DSVs), community reproductive health workers (CRHWs) and adolescent peer mobilisers (APMs); and compared this approach with IPT at health units. We evaluated this approach to assess user perceptions, its acceptability and sustainability. Results show that the new approach increased access and compliance to IPT. Mean gestational age at first dose of IPT was 21.0 weeks with the community approaches versus 23.1 weeks at health units, P > 0.0001. Health units accessed a high proportion of adolescents, 28.4%, versus 25.0% at the new approaches, P < 0.03; most primigravidae, 23.6%, versus 20.0% at the new approaches, P < 0.04. The proportion of women who received two doses of SP was 67.5.2% with the new approaches versus 39.9% at health units, P < 0.0001. The new approach was associated with a three-fold increase in use of ITNs from 8.8% at baseline to 23.4%. The factors that most influenced acceptability and use of IPT were trusted and easy accessible resource persons, their ability to make home visits especially with CRHWs and APMs; the support of spouses. Another factor was the high awareness on dangers of malaria in pregnancy and the benefits of IPT created by the resource persons. The women perceived better health using the first dose of sulphadoxine-pyremethamine (SP) and this compelled them to go for the second dose. IPT with this approach was highly acceptable with 89.1% of women at the new approaches intending to use it for the next pregnancy, while 48.0% of them had recommended it to other women. We suggest a review of the current policy on malaria prevention in pregnancy to allow provision of IPT through community structures that are feasible, practical and acceptable. © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Acceptability; Compliance; Intermittent preventive treatment; Malaria in pregnancy; Sustainability; Uganda	antimalarial agent; fansidar; folic acid; iron; mebendazole; absence of side effects; adolescent; adult; article; attitude to health; attitude to illness; attitude to pregnancy; community care; controlled study; female; fever; health auxiliary; health care personnel; health care policy; health care utilization; health promotion; home care; human; intermittent preventive treatment; interview; major clinical study; malaria; malaria control; maternal morbidity; outcomes research; patient compliance; patient education; patient referral; peer group; perception; pregnancy; prenatal care; preventive health service; preventive medicine; repeated drug dose; school child; traditional birth attendant; Uganda; unspecified side effect; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Female; Health Policy; Humans; Malaria; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Preventive Medicine; Uganda	None
WoS	WOS:000258897000016	An evaluation of intravaginal rings as a potential HIV prevention device in urban Kenya: Behaviors and attitudes that might influence uptake within a high-risk population	Bwayo, Job Joab,del Rio, Carlos,Hoang, Tina Dan My,Priddy, Frances H.,Smith, Donna Jo,Wakasiaka, Sabina	2008	JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH	17	6	10.1089/jwh.2007.0529	Emory University, University of Nairobi	"Bwayo, Job Joab: University of Nairobi","Hoang, Tina Dan My: Emory University","Priddy, Frances H.: Emory University","Smith, Donna Jo: Emory University","Wakasiaka, Sabina: University of Nairobi",	Purpose: We sought to assess the potential acceptability of intravaginal rings (IVRs) as an HIV prevention method among at-risk women and men. Methods: We conducted a qualitative assessment of initial attitudes toward IVRs, current HIV prevention methods, and common behavioral practices among female sex workers (FSWs) and men who frequent FSWs in Mukuru, an urban slum community in Nairobi, Kenya. Nineteen women and 21 men took part in six focus group discussions. Results: Most participants, both male and female, responded positively to the concept of an IVR as a device for delivering microbicides. Women particularly liked the convenience offered by its slow-release capacity. Some female respondents raised concerns about whether male customers would discover the ring and respond negatively, whereas others thought it unlikely that their clients would feel the ring. Focus groups conducted with male clients of FSWs suggested that many would be enthusiastic about women, and particularly sex workers, using a microbicide ring, but that women's fears about negative responses to covert use were well founded. Overall, this high-risk population of FSWs and male clients in Nairobi was very open to the IVR as a potential HIV prevention device. Conclusion: Themes that emerged from the focus groups highlight the importance of understanding attitudes toward IVRs as well as cultural practices that may impact IVR use in high-risk populations when pursuing clinical development of this potential HIV prevention device.	,ACCEPTABILITY,"DRY SEX",INFECTION,MICROBICIDE,SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES,TRIAL,"VAGINAL RING",WOMEN	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928012852	Students want HIV testing in schools a formative evaluation of the acceptability of HIV testing and counselling at schools in Gauteng and North West provinces in South Africa	Madiba S., Mokgatle M.	2015	BMC Public Health	15	1	10.1186/s12889-015-1746-x	Department of Environmental and Occupational Heath, School of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa	Madiba, S., Department of Environmental and Occupational Heath, School of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa; Mokgatle, M., Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa	Background: The proposal by the South African Health Ministry to implement HIV testing and counselling (HTC) at schools in 2011 generated debates about the appropriateness of such testing. However, the debate has been between the Ministries of Education and Health, with little considerations of the students. The main aim of the study was to assess the students' opinions and uptake of HIV testing and counselling in general, and the acceptability of the provision of HIV testing and counselling in schools. The study also determined the association between socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviour, and HIV testing behaviour of the students. Methods: A survey was conducted among grade 10-12 high school students in North West and Gauteng provinces, South Africa. Seventeen high schools (nine rural and eight urban) were randomly selected for the administration of a researcher-assisted, self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 2970 students aged 14-27 years participated in the study; 1632 (55%) were girls, 1810 (61%) ever had sex, and 1271 (49.8%) had more than one sex partner. The mean age of first sexual activity was 15.6. Half (n∈=∈1494, 50.1%) had been tested for HIV. Having multiple sexual partners, age, and gender were significantly associated with increased odds of having had a HIV test. Fear, being un-informed about HTC, and low HIV risk perceptions were the reasons for not getting tested. The acceptability of HTC at school was high (n∈=∈2282, 76.9%) and 2129 (71.8%) were willing to be tested at school. Appropriateness, privacy, and secrecy were the main arguments for and against HTC at school. One-third (n∈=∈860, 29%) had intentions to disclose their HIV status to students versus 1258 (42.5%) for teachers. Stigma, discrimination and secrecy were the primary reasons students did not intend to disclose. Conclusions: A high acceptability of HTC and willingness to be tested at school suggest that HIV prevention programs tailored to youth have a high potential of success given the readiness of students to uptake HTC. Bringing HIV testing to the school setting will increase the uptake of HTC among youth and contribute towards efforts to scale up HTC in South Africa. © 2015 Madiba and Mokgatle; licensee BioMed Central.	Acceptability of HTC at school; Disclosure; HIV status; Sexual behaviour; South Africa; Stigma and discrimination; Students; Uptake of HTC	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845677291	Evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy for drug refractory epilepsy: A randomized controlled trial in South Africa - A pilot study	Lundgren T., Dahl J., Melin L., Kies B.	2006	Epilepsia	47	12	10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00892.x	Department of Psychology, University of Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Neurology, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Box 1225, 751-42 Uppsala, Sweden	Lundgren, T., Department of Psychology, University of Uppsala, Sweden, Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Box 1225, 751-42 Uppsala, Sweden; Dahl, J., Department of Psychology, University of Uppsala, Sweden; Melin, L., Department of Psychology, University of Uppsala, Sweden; Kies, B., Department of Neurology, University of Cape Town, South Africa	Purpose: Psychological interventions in the treatment of epilepsy have been developed and evaluated for many years but the amount of research has hardly made an impact on how epilepsy is treated. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a psychological treatment program consisting of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) together with some behavioral seizure control technology shown to be successful in earlier research. Methods: The method consisted of a randomized controlled trial group design with repeated measures (n = 27). All participants had an EEG verified epilepsy diagnosis with drug refractory seizures. Participants were randomized into one of two conditions, ACT or supportive therapy (ST). Therapeutic effects were measured by examining changes in quality of life (SWLS and WHOQOL) and seizure index (frequency x duration). Both treatment conditions consisted of only nine hours of professional therapy distributed in two individual and two group sessions during a four-week period. Results: The results showed significant effects over all of the dependent variables for the ACT group as compared to the ST group at six- and twelve-month follow-ups. Conclusions: The results from this study suggest that a short-term psychotherapy program combined with anticonvulsant drugs may help to prevent the long-term disability that occurs from drug refractory seizures. © 2006 International League Against Epilepsy.	Acceptance and commitment therapy; Epilepsy; Seizure control techniques; South Africa	anticonvulsive agent; carbamazepine; phenytoin; adult; article; behavior therapy; clinical article; clinical research; clinical trial; comparative study; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; electroencephalogram; epilepsy; evaluation; female; human; male; pilot study; priority journal; psychiatric treatment; psychologic assessment; psychotherapy; quality of life; randomized controlled trial; short course therapy; therapy effect; treatment outcome; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Behavior Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Resistance; Epilepsy; Female; Health Status; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psychotherapy, Brief; Psychotherapy, Group; Quality of Life; South Africa; Treatment Outcome	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846326302	Performance of a parabolic trough solar collector	Brooks M.J., Mills I., Harms T.M.	2006	Journal of Energy in Southern Africa	17	3	None	Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mangosuthu Technikon, South Africa; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	Brooks, M.J., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mangosuthu Technikon, South Africa; Mills, I., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mangosuthu Technikon, South Africa; Harms, T.M., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa	The performance of a South African parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) module has been characterised using the ASHRAE 93-1986 standard. The collector is designed for component testing and development in a solar energy research programme. Low-temperature testing was performed at Mangosuthu Technikon's STARlab facility using water as the working fluid. Both an evacuated glass-shielded receiver and an unshielded receiver were tested, with which peak thermal efficiencies of 53.8% and 55.2% were obtained respectively. The glass-shielded element offered superior performance at the maximum test temperature, desensitising the receiver to wind and reducing the overall heat loss coefficient by half. The collector time constants for both receivers indicate low thermal inertia and the measured acceptance angles exceed the tracking accuracy of the PTSC, ensuring the collector operates within 2% of its optimal efficiency at all times. Off-sun thermal loss results and the behaviour of the PTSC under increased angles of incidence are described. A description of the test system components is given.	Acceptance angle; Optical efficiency; Parabolic trough collector; Time constant	Acceptance angle; Optical efficiency; Parabolic trough collector; Time constants; Heat losses; Project management; Solar energy; Standardization; Temperature control; Solar collectors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-82455181977	Intrinsic and tomographic evaluation of siemens e.cam® SPECT system at the Korle-Bu teaching hospital (Ghana)	Sosu E.K., Hasford F., Nani E.K., Amuasi J.H., Otoo F.	2011	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	3	10	None	Radiological and Medical Science Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Kwabenya, Accra, Ghana; School of Nuclear and Allied Science, University of Ghana, Atomic Campus, Accra, Ghana; Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon- Accra, Ghana	Sosu, E.K., Radiological and Medical Science Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Kwabenya, Accra, Ghana; Hasford, F., Radiological and Medical Science Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Kwabenya, Accra, Ghana; Nani, E.K., Radiological and Medical Science Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Kwabenya, Accra, Ghana; Amuasi, J.H., School of Nuclear and Allied Science, University of Ghana, Atomic Campus, Accra, Ghana; Otoo, F., Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon- Accra, Ghana	Intrinsic and tomographic evaluation tests on the Siemens e.cam® Signature Series Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) system were conducted to ensure that it meets the specification required by the user and the capabilities claimed by the manufacturer after installation. The tests were performed according to National Electrical Manufacturers Association protocols and various measuring instrument and point sources containing 99 m-Tc were used. Intrinsic tests performed include intrinsic flood uniformity, intrinsic count rate performance in air and intrinsic energy resolution. Whole body scanning, SPECT resolution without scatter, SPECT resolution with inserts, SPECT uniformity and center of rotation were also evaluated. The intrinsic count rate performance measured was 300kcps as against manufactures' specification of 310 kcps, intrinsic energy resolution was 9.31% whiles manufacturers' specification was # 9.9% and center of rotation specification is that Max. X-Min. X< 1 pixel and RMS < 0.5 whiles values measured was 0.254 and 0.10 for LEAP and 0.092 and 0.083 for LEHR collimators. The evaluation confirm that the SPECT system met the requirements for clinical medical imagine and also the values obtained could be used as baseline data for future quality control. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2011.	Acceptance testing; Quality control; Radio pharmaceuticals; Radioactivity; Tomography; Uniformity	Acceptance testing; Baseline data; Center of rotation; Count rate performance; Evaluation test; Intrinsic energy resolution; Measuring instruments; National Electrical Manufacturers Associations; Point sources; Radio pharmaceuticals; Siemens; SPECT system; Tomographic; Uniformity; Whole body; Hospitals; Quality control; Radioactivity; Rotation; Specifications; Tomography; Single photon emission computed tomography	None
WoS	WOS:000300154900001	Evaluation of knowledge levels amongst village AIDS committees after undergoing HIV educational sessions: results from a pilot study in rural Tanzania	Epsley, Elizabeth J.,Nhandi, Benjamin,Todd, Jim,Urassa, Mark,Wringe, Alison	2011	BMC INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS	11	None	10.1186/1472-698X-11-14	University of London	"Epsley, Elizabeth J.: University of London","Todd, Jim: University of London","Wringe, Alison: University of London",	Background: Village AIDS committees (VAC) were formed by the Tanzanian government in 2003 to provide HIV education to their communities. However, their potential has not been realised due to their limited knowledge and misconceptions surrounding HIV, which could be addressed through training of VAC members. In an attempt to increase HIV knowledge levels and address common misconceptions amongst the VACs, an HIV curriculum was delivered to members in rural north western Tanzania. Methods: An evaluation of HIV knowledge was conducted prior to and post-delivery of HIV training sessions, within members of three VACs in Kisesa ward. Quantitative surveys were used with several open-ended questions to identify local misconceptions and evaluate HIV knowledge levels. Short educational training sessions covering HIV transmission, prevention and treatment were conducted, with each VAC using quizzes, role-plays and participatory learning and action tools. Post-training surveys occurred up to seven days after the final training session. Results: Before the training, "good" HIV knowledge was higher amongst men than women (p = 0.041), and among those with previous HIV education (p = 0.002). The trade-centre had a faster turn-over of VAC members, and proximity to the trade-centre was associated with a shorter time on the committee. Training improved HIV knowledge levels with more members achieving a "good" score in the post-training survey compared with the baseline survey (p = &lt; 0.001). The training programme was popular, with 100% of participants requesting further HIV training in the future and 51.7% requesting training at three-monthly intervals. Conclusions: In this setting, a series of HIV training sessions for VACs demonstrated encouraging results, with increased HIV knowledge levels following short educational sessions. Further work is required to assess the success of VAC members in disseminating this HIV education to their communities, as well as up-scaling this pilot study to other regions in Tanzania with different misconceptions.	,ACCESS,"AFRICAN YOUTH","ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY",DISCRIMINATION,"HEALTH INTERVENTION",PEOPLE,PREVENTION,PROGRAM,SCALING-UP,STIGMA	None	None
WoS	WOS:000282002900019	Better Antiretroviral Therapy Outcomes at Primary Healthcare Facilities: An Evaluation of Three Tiers of ART Services in Four South African Provinces	Bock, Peter,Fatti, Geoffrey,Grimwood, Ashraf	2010	PLOS ONE	5	9	10.1371/journal.pone.0012888	University of Cape Town, Kheth Impilo	None	Background: There are conflicting reports of antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectiveness comparisons between primary healthcare (PHC) facilities and hospitals in low-income settings. This comparison has not been evaluated on a broad scale in South Africa. Methodology/Principal Findings: A retrospective cohort study was conducted including ART-naive adults from 59 facilities in four provinces in South Africa, enrolled between 2004 and 2007. Kaplan-Meier estimates, competing-risks Cox regression, generalised estimating equation population-averaged models and logistic regression were used to compare death, loss to follow-up (LTFU) and virological suppression (VS) between PHC, district and regional hospitals. 29 203 adults from 47 PHC facilities, nine district hospitals and three regional hospitals were included. Patients at PHC facilities had more advanced WHO stage disease when starting ART. Retention in care was 80.1% (95% CI: 79.3%-80.8%), 71.5% (95% CI: 69.1%-73.8%) and 68.7% (95% CI: 67.0%-69.7%) at PHC, district and regional hospitals respectively, after 24 months of treatment (P&lt;0.0001). In adjusted regression analyses, LTFU was independently increased at regional hospitals (aHR 2.19; 95% CI: 1.94-2.47) and mortality was independently elevated at district hospitals (aHR 1.60; 95% CI: 1.30-1.99) compared to PHC facilities after 12 months of ART. District and regional hospital patients had independently reduced probabilities of VS, aOR 0.76 (95% CI: 0.59-0.97) and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.56-0.75) respectively compared to PHC facilities over 24 months of treatment. Conclusions/Significance: ART outcomes were superior at PHC facilities, despite PHC patients having more advanced clinical stage disease when starting ART, suggesting that ART can be adequately provided at this level and supporting the South African government's call for rapid up-scaling of ART at the primary level of care. Further prospective research is required to determine the degree to which outcome differences are attributable to either facility level characteristics or patient co-morbidity at hospital level.	,ACCESS,BARRIERS,CHILDREN,FOLLOW-UP,"INCOME COUNTRIES",MORTALITY,"RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS","SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA",SURVIVAL,"TREATMENT PROGRAM"	None	None
WoS	WOS:000262233800001	Building capacity for antiretroviral delivery in South Africa: A qualitative evaluation of the PALSA PLUS nurse training programme	Bateman, E.,Bheekie, A.,English, R.,Fairall, L.,Lewin, S.,Mayers, P.,Stein, J.,Zwarenstein, M.	2008	BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH	8	None	10.1186/1472-6963-8-240	South African Medical Research Council, University of Cape Town, University of London, University of the Western Cape, University of Toronto, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Sunnybrook Res Inst	"Bateman, E.: University of Cape Town","Bheekie, A.: University of the Western Cape","Mayers, P.: University of Cape Town","Stein, J.: University of Cape Town",	Background: South Africa recently launched a national antiretroviral treatment programme. This has created an urgent need for nurse-training in antiretroviral treatment ( ART) delivery. The PALSA PLUS programme provides guidelines and training for primary health care (PHC) nurses in the management of adult lung diseases and HIV/AIDS, including ART. A process evaluation was undertaken to document the training, explore perceptions regarding the value of the training, and compare the PALSA PLUS training approach ( used at intervention sites) with the provincial training model. The evaluation was conducted alongside a randomized controlled trial measuring the effects of the PALSA PLUS nurse-training ( Trial reference number ISRCTN24820584). Methods: Qualitative methods were utilized, including participant observation of training sessions, focus group discussions and interviews. Data were analyzed thematically. Results: Nurse uptake of PALSA PLUS training, with regard not only to ART specific components but also lung health, was high. The ongoing on-site training of all PHC nurses, as opposed to the once-off centralized training provided for ART nurses only at non-intervention clinics, enhanced nurses' experience of support for their work by allowing, not only for ongoing experiential learning, supervision and emotional support, but also for the ongoing managerial review of all those infrastructural and system-level changes required to facilitate health provider behaviour change and guideline implementation. The training of all PHC nurses in PALSA PLUS guideline use, as opposed to ART nurses only, was also perceived to better facilitate the integration of AIDS care within the clinic context. Conclusion: PALSA PLUS training successfully engaged all PHC nurses in a comprehensive approach to a range of illnesses affecting both HIV positive and negative patients. PHC nurse-training for integrated systems-based interventions should be prioritized on the ART funding agenda. Training for individual provider behaviour change is nonetheless only one aspect of the ongoing system-wide interventions required to effect lasting improvements in patient care in the context of an over-burdened and under-resourced PHC system.	,ACCESS,CARE,COUNTRIES,CRISIS,"HEALTH SYSTEMS",HIV,HIV/AIDS,IMPLEMENTATION,TUBERCULOSIS,WILL	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649989738	Evaluation of water poverty index in Ondo State, Nigeria	Yahaya O., Akinro A.O., Mogaji Kehinde O., Ologunagba B.	2009	Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences	4	10	None	Right Foundation Academy, Ikare-Akoko, Ondo-State, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Department of Civil Engineering, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Nigeria; Department of Agricultural Enginee	Yahaya, O., Right Foundation Academy, Ikare-Akoko, Ondo-State, Nigeria; Akinro, A.O., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria; Mogaji Kehinde, O., Department of Civil Engineering, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Nigeria; Ologunagba, B., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Nigeria	An increasing world population exerts a continually growing demand on usable freshwater resource and matching the demand with supply of safe drinking water has resulted to serious social-economic constraints. Time and drudgery involved to access safe drinking resulted to loss of human capital, thus affects nearly every household activity. This paper focuses on the evaluation of Water Poverty Index (WPI) as an integrated tool veritable for all the local government areas in Ondo State of Nigeria to address their water sector. Simple time analysis and composite index approaches were employed to compute WPI values in all the sampled areas. Variables such as water resource, access to safe water, use of water and environmental impacts were considered. The ranking of WPI values from the two approaches shows that Ese-Odo is the most water-stressed with least WPI values of 10.1 points (composite index) and highest value of 1.4 minsl-1 (simple time analysis), while Owo, Ondo-West and Ose local government areas are less water stressed with WPI values of 0.55 minsl-1, 17.8; 0.53 minsl-1, 16.2; and 0.5 minsl-1, 17.1 respectively. The results obtained indicate that constructive investment in water and sanitation improves Human Development Index (HDI). However, this paper concludes that to prevent the occurrence of virtual water situation and improve water supply, researches of this nature should be conducted from time to time and government at all levels should holistically address the problem. © 2006-2009 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN).	Access; Dry; Ese-Odo; Freshwater; Household; Season; Water poverty index; Water stress; Wet	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875467537	Sex disparities in tuberculosis suspect evaluation: A cross-sectional analysis in rural Uganda	Miller C.R., Davis J.L., Katamba A., Sserwanga A., Kakeeto S., Kizito F., Cattamanchi A.	2013	International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease	17	4	10.5588/ijtld.12.0263	Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, United States; Curry International Tuberculosis Center, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States; School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Makerere University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme, Uganda Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda	Miller, C.R., Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, United States; Davis, J.L., Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, United States, Curry International Tuberculosis Center, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, Makerere University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Katamba, A., Makerere University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda, National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme, Uganda Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Sserwanga, A., Makerere University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Kakeeto, S., Makerere University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Kizito, F., Makerere University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; Cattamanchi, A., Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, United States, Curry International Tuberculosis Center, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States, Makerere University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda	SETTING: Six primary health care centers in rural Uganda. OBJECTIVE: To compare the quality of tuberculosis (TB) evaluation for men and women presenting to primary health care facilities in high-burden settings. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using indicators derived from the International Standards of Tuberculosis Care (ISTC) to compare the quality of TB evaluation services provided to men and women. RESULTS: Of 161 230 patient visits between January 2009 and December 2010, 112 329 (69.7%) were women. We considered 3308 (2.1%) patients with cough >2 weeks as TB suspects, of whom 1871 (56.6%) were women. Female TB suspects were less likely to be referred for sputum smear examination (45.9% vs. 61.6%, P < 0.001), to complete sputum smear examination if referred (73.7% vs. 78.3%, P = 0.024) and to receive comprehensive evaluation and care as defined by the ISTC (33.0% vs. 45.6%, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, clinic site and visit date, women remained less likely to be referred for sputum smear examination (risk ratio [RR] 0.81, 95%CI 0.74-0.89, P < 0.001) and to receive ISTC-recommended care (RR 0.79, 95%CI 0.72-0.86, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Strategies to ensure that women receive appropriate TB evaluation could provide a valuable opportunity for increasing case detection while also promoting equitable and universal access to care. © 2013 The Union.	Access; Equity; Operational research; TB diagnostics; Women	tuberculostatic agent; adult; article; clinical evaluation; controlled study; coughing; cross-sectional study; differential diagnosis; female; health care access; health care disparity; health care quality; human; major clinical study; male; patient compliance; patient referral; primary health care; priority journal; rural area; sex difference; sputum smear; tuberculosis; Uganda; Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Cough; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Odds Ratio; Primary Health Care; Quality of Health Care; Referral and Consultation; Risk Factors; Rural Health Services; Sex Factors; Sputum; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Uganda; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84896914550	The first-year augmented programme in Physics: A trend towards improved student performance	Chetty N.	2014	South African Journal of Science	110	42371	10.1590/sajs.2014/20120096	School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box X01 Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Chetty, N., School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, PO Box X01 Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Amidst a critical national shortage of qualified Black graduates in the pure and applied sciences, the University of KwaZulu-Natal has responded to a call from government for redress by launching the BSc4 Augmented Physics programme. In this paper, the methods employed to foster learning and to encourage student success in the Mechanics module of the Augmented Physics programme are described and discussed. The use of problem-based learning and a holistic learning policy that focuses on the emotional, physical and knowledge development of the student seems to have yielded higher throughput in the first semester of an undergraduate programme in Physics. Furthermore, the results point to an increase in the conceptual understanding of the student with respect to Mechanics. When appraising this success, the results of the 2007-2009 cohorts, with and without teaching interventions in place, were analysed. These initial analyses pave the way for a course designed to benefit the student and improve throughput. These methods are not unique to Physics and can be adapted for any module in any country. © 2014. The Authers.	Access; Extended curriculum; Language; Problem-based learning; Study techniques	curriculum; government; learning; mechanics; physics; student; teaching; KwaZulu-Natal; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-50449084792	Understanding diversity in impact and responses among HIV/AIDS-affected households: The case of Msinga, South Africa	Swaans K., Broerse J., Van Diepen I., Salomon M., Gibson D., Bunders J.	2008	African Journal of AIDS Research	7	2	10.2989/AJAR.2008.7.2.2.519	Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; Medical Anthropology and Sociology Unit, University of Amsterdam, Oudezijds Achterburgwal 185, 1012 DK Amsterdam, Netherlands; Farmer Support Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 1 Golf Road, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa	Swaans, K., Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; Broerse, J., Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; Van Diepen, I., Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands, Medical Anthropology and Sociology Unit, University of Amsterdam, Oudezijds Achterburgwal 185, 1012 DK Amsterdam, Netherlands; Salomon, M., Farmer Support Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 1 Golf Road, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; Gibson, D., Medical Anthropology and Sociology Unit, University of Amsterdam, Oudezijds Achterburgwal 185, 1012 DK Amsterdam, Netherlands; Bunders, J., Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands	To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of HIV and AIDS on rural households in Msinga, South Africa, the sustainable livelihoods framework was adapted. An ethnographic perspective was employed to examine: 1) the impact of HIV/AIDS-related illnesses on people's mind and spirit (the internal environment), and 2) the influence of institutional structures and processes (the external environment), in order to better understand 3) the actions taken by individuals and households in response to HIV and AIDS. Members of three support groups at a local drop-in centre were consulted about the impact of HIV and AIDS on their lives through focus groups, a questionnaire and in-depth interviews. The study shows that the psychosocial impact and associated coping strategies, as well as prevailing gender-based power relations and exclusion from social-exchange networks - which are not (readily) available factors in the sustainable livelihoods framework - affect people's lives in different ways and depend on the specific situation of the individual or household concerned. The study confirms the need to restore a household's resource base and to address psychosocial issues. However, the variation in impact to different households requires a diversified and holistic programme of development interventions. Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd.	Accessibility; Coping; Mitigation strategies; Psychosocial aspects; Resource-poor settings; Sustainable livelihoods framework	acquired immune deficiency syndrome; adolescent; adult; article; coping behavior; ethnographic research; female; holistic care; human; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence; interview; major clinical study; male; questionnaire; rural area; sex ratio; social aspect; social psychology; South Africa; support group; sustainable development	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80051960855	Growth performance of weanling wistar rats fed on accessions of cooked colocasia esculenta-based diets	Lewu M.N., Yakubu T.M., Adebola P.O., Afolayan A.J.	2011	Journal of Medicinal Food	14	9	10.1089/jmf.2010.0253	Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Phytomedicine, Toxicology, Reproductive and Developmental Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Plant Breeding Division	Lewu, M.N., Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Yakubu, T.M., Phytomedicine, Toxicology, Reproductive and Developmental Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Adebola, P.O., Plant Breeding Division, ARC-Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Pretoria, South Africa; Afolayan, A.J., Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa	The growth performance of weanling albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) maintained on different accessions (offspring of a variety that was planted/collected at a specific location and time but differing in certain morphologic characteristics) of cooked Colocasia esculenta (cocoyam)-based diets (UFCe1-UFCe7) for 28 days was investigated. Proximate analysis of the formulated diets revealed that UFCe3, UFCe4, UFCe5, UFCe6, and UFCe7 had significantly (P<.05) higher moisture contents than the corn starch-based diet (control). All the accession-based diets of C. esculenta had higher ash contents. Similarly, all the accessions of the C. esculenta-based diet had lower crude lipid content, whereas UFCe3-UFCe7 had significantly lower protein content. Although the crude fiber content was significantly higher in UFCe2, UFCe4, and UFCe5, only UFCe3 had significantly higher carbohydrate content among all the accessions of C. esculenta-based diets. UFCe1, UFCe2, UFCe4, UFCe5, and UFCe6 increased the average weekly water intake, feed consumption, total body weight, liver-body weight ratio, and kidney-body weight ratio of the animals; UFCe3 and UFCe7 decreased these measures. Overall, UFCe1, UFCe2, UFCe4, UFCe5, and UFCe6 are recommended as diets with promise to enhance growth performance in the animals. © Copyright 2011, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.	accession; cocoyam; Colocasia esculenta; growth performance	starch; animal experiment; animal food; article; ash; body growth; body weight; Colocasia; Colocasia esculenta; controlled study; cooking; dietary fiber; dietary intake; female; fluid intake; food composition; kidney mass; lipid composition; liver weight; male; moisture; nonhuman; priority journal; protein content; rat; weaning; Animal Feed; Animals; Colocasia; Drinking; Energy Intake; Female; Hot Temperature; Kidney; Liver; Male; Organ Size; Plant Tubers; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; South Africa; Species Specificity; Water; Weaning; Weight Gain; Animalia; Colocasia esculenta; Rattus norvegicus; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953752589	Evaluation of b-ODAP content in forage, grain and straw of Lathyrus sativus in North West Ethiopia	Denekew Y., Tsega W.	2009	Livestock Research for Rural Development	21	12	None	Forage and Pasture Researcher, Andassa Livestock Research Center, P.O.BOX:27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Feeds and Nutrition Researcher, Andassa Livestock Research Center, P.O.BOX:27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Denekew, Y., Forage and Pasture Researcher, Andassa Livestock Research Center, P.O.BOX:27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Tsega, W., Feeds and Nutrition Researcher, Andassa Livestock Research Center, P.O.BOX:27, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	The research was undertaken from mid September 2006 to January 2007 at Dembia trial site of Gondar Agricultural Research Center. The aim of the study was to evaluate the β-ODAP content in forage, grain and straw of improved and local grass pea lines. The treatments were six grass pea accessions replicated three times and arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The four treatments of grass pea accessions (ILAT-LS-LS-B1, ILAT-LS-LS-B2, ILAT-LS-K-290 and ILAT-LS-610) were brought from Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center (DZARC) and the two local lines Kok- Egir and Shanko were collected from the study area based on their seed coat color. Analysis of variance showed significant (P< 0.05) variation among grass pea accessions in β-ODAP content of straw, grain and forage DM with a mean of 0.15%, 0.25% and 0.23%, respectively. Improved grass pea lines that where brought from DZARC showed low ODAP content compared to the locally available lines. Therefore, improvement and dissemination of low β-ODAP grass pea varieties would be of great help to the resource-poor farmers in providing protein-rich food and nutritious fodder/feed for the livestock. Additional comprehensive study is required to evaluate the impact on meat and milk through feeding of grass pea grain and fodder for different class of animals.	Accession; Dry matter; Grass pea and lathyrism	Animalia; Lathyrus; Lathyrus sativus; Pisum sativum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34250852240	Evaluation of pearl millet accessions for yield and nutrient composition	Amodu J.T., Adeyinka I.A., Kallah M.S., Alawa J.P.	2007	Journal of Biological Sciences	7	2	None	National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika-Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru-Zaria, Nigeria	Amodu, J.T., National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika-Zaria, Nigeria; Adeyinka, I.A., National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika-Zaria, Nigeria; Kallah, M.S., National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Shika-Zaria, Nigeria; Alawa, J.P., Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru-Zaria, Nigeria	An experiment was carried out in 2001 and 2002 at the Forage and Crop Residue Research Programme of the National Animal Production Research, Institute, Shika, Nigeria, to evaluate the yield components and nutrient composition of three accessions of pearl millet (Mokwa, Bunkure and Kankara). The three accessions were planted in completely randomized block design in three replications. Sowing was carried out in both years of the trial at the rate of 4 kg seeds per hectare on 10×7.5 m plot. Parameters assessed included plant height, number of tillers/culm, percentage green, leaf stem ratio, fodder yield (fresh and dry weights). CP, CF, EE, NFE, ash, P, Ca and Mg. Results showed that at 116 post-planting, there were varietal differences in height, tillering ability, leafiness and greenness, which were found significant (p&lt;0.05). The Bunkure accession which was taller, greener and higher in number of tillers had the highest fodder yield of 9.07 and 7.32 t ha-1 of fresh weight and dry weight, respectively. In the three accessions there were no significant differences (p&gt;0.05) in the leaf:stem ratio. Differences between accessions in terms of EE, NFE and P were not significantly different (p&gt;0.05) while significant differences were noticed in ash, CP, CF and Mg content of the millet accessions. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.	Accessions; Evaluation; Millet; Nutrient; Yield	calcium; magnesium; phosphorus; article; ash; dry weight; Nigeria; pearl millet; plant height; plant leaf; plant nutrient; plant stem; sowing; Animalia; Pennisetum glaucum	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-58449089773	The impact of primary health care on malaria morbidity - Defining access by disease burden	O'Meara W.P., Noor A., Gatakaa H., Tsofa B., McKenzie F.E., Marsh K.	2009	Tropical Medicine and International Health	14	1	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02194.x	Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Collaborative Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Kenya Medical Research Institute, CGMRC/Wellcome Trust Collaborative Program, Kilifi, Kenya; Ministry of Health, Kilifi, Kenya	O'Meara, W.P., Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Noor, A., KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Collaborative Program, Nairobi, Kenya; Gatakaa, H., Kenya Medical Research Institute, CGMRC/Wellcome Trust Collaborative Program, Kilifi, Kenya; Tsofa, B., Ministry of Health, Kilifi, Kenya; McKenzie, F.E., Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Marsh, K., Ministry of Health, Kilifi, Kenya	Objectives Primary care facilities are increasingly becoming the focal point for distribution of malaria intervention strategies, but physical access to these facilities may limit the extent to which communities can be reached. To investigate the impact of travel time to primary care on the incidence of hospitalized malaria episodes in a rural district in Kenya. Methods The incidence of hospitalized malaria in a population under continuous demographic surveillance was recorded over 3 years. The time to travel to the nearest primary health care facility was calculated for every child between birth and 5 years of age and trends in incidence of hospitalized malaria as a function of travel time were evaluated. Results The incidence of hospitalized malaria more than doubled as travel time to the nearest primary care facility increased from 10 min to 2 h. Good access to primary health facilities may reduce the burden of disease by as much as 66%. Conclusions Our results highlight both the potential of the primary health care system in reaching those most at risk and reducing the disease burden. Insufficient access is an important risk factor, one that may be inequitably distributed to the poorest households. © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.	Access; Kenya; Malaria morbidity; Primary health care; Travel time	child health; disease control; health care; malaria; morbidity; travel time; article; child; disease surveillance; health care access; health care facility; hospital admission; hospital patient; human; infant; Kenya; major clinical study; malaria; morbidity; newborn; outpatient care; preschool child; primary health care; rural health care; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Child, Preschool; Endemic Diseases; Health Services Accessibility; Health Services Research; Hospitalization; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Kenya; Malaria; Primary Health Care; Residence Characteristics; Rural Health; Time Factors; Travel; Africa; East Africa; Kenya; Sub-Saharan Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84869750813	Multilingual teachers' voices: Perceptions about the impact of language	Webb L.	2012	Education as Change	16	2	10.1080/16823206.2012.745752	Faculty of Education, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa	Webb, L., Faculty of Education, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa	Many teachers in South Africa teach mainly in English, which is not their home language. In order to elicit their inner voices about language issues, 176 senior phase teachers in rural, peri-urban and urban regions of the Eastern Cape were encouraged to write poetry about their perceptions of the impact of language in their lives. The most prevalent conflict they expressed was the dominance of English juxtaposed against the subordination of their home languages, either isiXhosa or Afrikaans. They felt that English gave them access to education and upward employment mobility, whereas they were excluded from various discourses when they used their home languages. The use of poetry to understand how teachers make meaning of the potential conflicts caused by teaching in English revealed feelings and emotions that may not have been as obvious, or as evocative, if other data-gathering methods had been used. Further research is suggested strategies that could use both English and the pupils' home languages as a resource in multilingual classrooms. © 2012 Copyright The University of Johannesburg.	access; language; multilingual; perceptions; poetry; power	None	None
WoS	WOS:000262517900008	The impact of distance of residence from a peripheral health facility on pediatric health utilisation in rural western Kenya	Adazu, Kubaje,Audi, Allan,Feikin, Daniel R.,Lindblade, Kim A.,Nguyen, Ly Minh,Ombok, Maurice,Slutsker, Laurence	2009	TROPICAL MEDICINE &amp; INTERNATIONAL HEALTH	14	1	10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02193.x	CDC, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention - USA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr	None	To explore the impact of distance on utilisation of peripheral health facilities for sick child visits in Asembo, rural western Kenya. As part of a demographic surveillance system (DSS), censuses of all households in the Asembo population of 55 000 are conducted three times a year, data are collected at all outpatient pediatric visits in seven DSS clinics in Asembo, and all households are GIS-mapped and linkable to a child's unique DSS identification number. Between May 1, 2003 and April 30, 2004, 3501 clinic visits were linked to 2432 children among 10 973 DSS-resident children &lt; 5 years of age. Younger children and children with more severe illnesses travelled further for clinic visits. The median distance travelled varied by clinic. The rate of clinic visits decreased linearly at 0.5 km intervals up to 4 km, after which the rate stabilised. Using Poisson regression, controlling for the nearest DSS clinic for each child, socio-economic status and maternal education, and accounting for household clustering of children, for every 1 km increase in distance of residence from a DSS clinic, the rate of clinic visits decreased by 34% (95% CI, 31-37%) from the previous kilometer. Achieving equity in access to health care for children in rural Kenya will require creative strategies to address a significant distance-decay effect in health care utilisation.	"access to care",DISTANCE,"health care utilisation",KENYA,ATTENDANCE,CHILDREN,DISTRICT,FEVERS,MALARIA,MORTALITY,SERVICES	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892926566	Impact of oral lesions among South African adults with HIV/AIDS on oral health-related quality of life	Bajomo A.S., Ayo-Yusuf O.A., Rudolph M.J., Tsotsi N.M.	2013	Journal of Dental Sciences	8	4	10.1016/j.jds.2013.04.011	Division of Public Oral Health, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Community Dentistry, Oral and Dental Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Bajomo, A.S., Division of Public Oral Health, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Ayo-Yusuf, O.A., Department of Community Dentistry, Oral and Dental Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Rudolph, M.J., Division of Public Oral Health, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Tsotsi, N.M., Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Background/purpose This study examined the association between oral conditions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among South African adults. Materials and methods Participants consisted of 175 HIV-positive adults who visited Johannesburg Hospital's outpatient HIV clinic. A systematic oral examination recorded the presence or absence of HIV-related lesions. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to determine participants' sociodemographic characteristics and access to dental care. It included items adapted from the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), which measures the OHRQoL. Participants' OHIP scores were not normally distributed, thus were dichotomized as either less than or equal to the median score or greater than the median score: participants with above-median scores had a poorer OHRQoL. The data analysis included a multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis. Results In total, 109 (62.3%) subjects had multiple oral lesions. Those with more than two lesions were significantly more likely to report a poorer OHRQoL. Presenting with pseudomembranous candidiasis or erythematous candidal lesions, being female, and having visited a dentist in the last year were significantly associated with a poorer OHRQoL. Conclusion Oral candidal lesions were the most strongly associated with a poorer OHRQoL among the studied adult South African population living with HIV/AIDS. © 2013, Association for Dental Sciences of the Republic of China. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved.	access to care; HIV/AIDS; oral health; oral lesions; quality of life	None	None
None	None	Impact of community health funds on the access to health care: Empirical evidence from rural Tanzania	Msuya J.M., Jütting J.P., Asfaw A.	2007	International Journal of Public Administration	30	42591	10.1080/01900690701227263	Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Faculty of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; OECD Development Center, Paris, France; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, United States	Msuya, J.M., Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Faculty of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Jütting, J.P., OECD Development Center, Paris, France; Asfaw, A., International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, United States	In 1996 the Tanzanian government initiated community health insurance schemes to improve access to health care and to protect people against the financial cost of illness in an environment with shrinking budgets for the health sector. This study aims to evaluate the role of the community-health funds (CHF) in lowering the barriers to assessing health care. Three important results emerge from this study: first, the results show that income is amongst the most important factors determining household participation in the schemes. This means that despite exemption mechanisms, the poorest of the poor within the society are not reached as they can not afford to pay regular insurance premiums. Secondly, though we find no significant differences between members and non-members in the overall amount of health expenditure and in the use of preventive measures, sick individuals in member households were 15 percentage points more likely to get treatment than non-member households. Hence, being insured leads to an increase in the effective utilization of health care. Third, the analysis reveals that members of the CHF are better financially protected against health shocks than non members. The result of this work provides further evidence of the important role that micro-insurance schemes can play in the risk management of people in developing countries.	Access to health care; Community health insurance; Equity; Social protection; Tanzania	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84881303266	The impact and effectiveness of transparency and accountability initiatives: Freedom of information	Calland R., Bentley K.	2013	Development Policy Review	31	S1	10.1111/dpr.12020	Democratic Governance and Rights Unit (DGRU), University of Cape Town, South Africa; DGRU, South Africa	Calland, R., Democratic Governance and Rights Unit (DGRU), University of Cape Town, South Africa, DGRU, South Africa; Bentley, K., Democratic Governance and Rights Unit (DGRU), University of Cape Town, South Africa, DGRU, South Africa	Analysis of the impact and effectiveness of Freedom of Information (FOI) legislation has been hampered by lack of systematic evidence and conceptual confusion about what kind of right it represents. This article discusses some of the main conceptual parameters of FOI theory, before reviewing the available evidence from a range of studies. It presents case studies of civil-society activism on FOI in India and South Africa to illustrate the extent to which access to information is having an impact, in particular on socio-economic conditions. After reviewing the range of approaches used, it concludes that the academic community and the FOI community of practice need to come together to devise robust and rigorous methodologies. © 2013 Overseas Development Institute.	Access to information; Effectiveness; Freedom of information; Impact	accountability; civil society; conceptual framework; socioeconomic conditions; India; South Africa	None
WoS	WOS:000331797900011	An Evaluation of Equitable Access to a Community- Based Maternal and Newborn Health Program in Rural Ethiopia	Barry, Danika,Sibley, Lynn,Spangler, Sydney A.	2014	JOURNAL OF MIDWIFERY &amp; WOMENS HEALTH	59	None	10.1111/jmwh.12133	Emory University, MaNHEP, Maternal & Newborn Hlth Ethiopia Partnership MaNH	None	IntroductionThe Maternal and Newborn Health in Ethiopia Partnership (MaNHEP) aimed to promote equitable access to safe childbirth and postnatal care through a community-based educational intervention. This study evaluates the extent to which MaNHEP reached women who are socially and materially disadvantaged and, thus, at high risk for inadequate access to care. MethodsThe data used in this analysis are from MaNHEP's cross-sectional 2010 baseline and 2012 endline surveys of women who gave birth in the prior year. A logistic regression model was fit to examine the effects of sociodemographic characteristics on participation in the MaNHEP program. Descriptive statistics of select characteristics by birth and postnatal care provider were also calculated to explore trends in services use. ResultsUsing data from the endline survey (N = 1019), the regression model showed that age, parity, education, and geographic residence were not significantly associated with MaNHEP exposure. However, women who were materially disadvantaged were still less likely to have participated in the program than their better-off counterparts. From the baseline survey (N = 1027) to the endline survey, women's use of skilled and semiskilled providers for birth care and postnatal care increased substantially, while use of untrained providers or no provider decreased. These shifts were greater for women with less personal wealth than for women with more personal wealth. DiscussionMaNHEP appears to have succeeded in meeting its equity goals to a degree. However, this study also supports the intractable relationship between wealth inequality and access to maternal and newborn health services. Strategies targeting the poor in diverse contexts may eventually prove consistently effective in equitable services delivery. Until that time, a critical step that all maternal and newborn health programs can take is to monitor and evaluate to what extent they are reaching disadvantaged groups within the populations they serve.	"access to services","community-based interventions",ETHIOPIA,"Maternal and newborn health","socioeconomic inequalities and inequities",CARE,"CHILD HEALTH",COUNTDOWN,DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES,INEQUALITIES,INTERVENTIONS,"NATIONAL SURVEYS",REPRODUCTIVE-HEALTH,SE	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926250365	Using decision tree analysis to understand foundation science student performance. Insight gained at one south african university	Frances Kirby N., Roslyn Dempster E.	2014	International Journal of Science Education	36	17	10.1080/09500693.2014.936921	School of Education, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa	Frances Kirby, N., School of Education, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa; Roslyn Dempster, E., School of Education, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa	The Foundation Programme of the Centre for Science Access at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa provides access to tertiary science studies to educationally disadvantaged students who do not meet formal faculty entrance requirements. The low number of students proceeding from the programme into mainstream is of concern, particularly given the national imperative to increase participation and levels of performance in tertiary-level science. An attempt was made to understand foundation student performance in a campus of this university, with the view to identifying challenges and opportunities for remediation in the curriculum and processes of selection into the programme. A classification and regression tree analysis was used to identify which variables best described student performance. The explanatory variables included biographical and school-history data, performance in selection tests, and socio-economic data pertaining to their year in the programme. The results illustrate the prognostic reliability of the model used to select students, raise concerns about the inefficiency of school performance indicators as a measure of students’ academic potential in the Foundation Programme, and highlight the importance of accommodation arrangements and financial support for student success in their access year. ©2014 Taylor & Francis	Access to tertiary science studies; Factors affecting performance; Foundation Programme; Tree analysis	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749075996	Impact and sustainability of low-head drip irrigation kits, in the semi-arid Gwanda and Beitbridge Districts, Mzingwane Catchment, Limpopo Basin, Zimbabwe	Moyo R., Love D., Mul M., Mupangwa W., Twomlow S.	2006	Physics and Chemistry of the Earth	31	None	10.1016/j.pce.2006.08.020	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; WaterNet, P.O. Box MP600, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; ICRISAT Bulawayo, Matopos Research Station, P.O. Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, Netherlands	Moyo, R., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Love, D., WaterNet, P.O. Box MP600, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe, ICRISAT Bulawayo, Matopos Research Station, P.O. Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Mul, M., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, Netherlands; Mupangwa, W., ICRISAT Bulawayo, Matopos Research Station, P.O. Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe; Twomlow, S., ICRISAT Bulawayo, Matopos Research Station, P.O. Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe	Resource-poor smallholder farmers in the semi-arid Gwanda and Beitbridge districts face food insecurity on an annual basis due to a combination of poor and erratic rainfall (average 500 mm/a and 345 mm/a, respectively, for the period 1970-2003) and technologies inappropriate to their resource status. This impacts on both household livelihoods and food security. In an attempt to improve food security in the catchment a number of drip kit distribution programmes have been initiated since 2003 as part of an on-going global initiative aimed at 2 million poor households per year. A number of recent studies have assessed the technical performance of the drip kits in-lab and in-field. In early 2005 a study was undertaken to assess the impacts and sustainability of the drip kit programme. Representatives of the NGOs, local government, traditional leadership and agricultural extension officers were interviewed. Focus group discussions with beneficiaries and other villagers were held at village level. A survey of 114 households was then conducted in two districts, using a questionnaire developed from the output of the interviews and focus group discussions. The results from the study showed that the NGOs did not specifically target the distribution of the drip kits to poor members of the community (defined for the purpose of the study as those not owning cattle). Poor households made up 54% of the beneficiaries. This poor targeting of vulnerable households could have been a result of conditions set by some implementing NGOs that beneficiaries must have an assured water source. On the other hand, only 2% of the beneficiaries had used the kit to produce the expected 5 harvests over the 2 years, owing to problems related to water shortage, access to water and also pests and diseases. About 51% of the respondents had produced at least 3 harvests and 86% produced at least 2 harvests. Due to water shortages during the dry season 61% of production with the drip kit occurred during the wet season. This suggests that most households use the drip kits as supplementary irrigation. Conflicts between beneficiaries and water point committees or other water users developed in some areas especially during the dry season. The main finding from this study was that low cost drip kit programs can only be a sustainable intervention if implemented as an integral part of a long-term development program, not short-term relief programs and the programme should involve a broad range of stakeholders. A first step in any such program, especially in water scarce areas such as Gwanda and Beitbridge, is a detailed analysis of the existing water resources to assess availability and potential conflicts, prior to distribution of drip kits. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Access to water; Drip kits; Intervention targeting; Sustainable intervention; Water availability	Catchments; Food supply; Rain; Water analysis; Drip kits; Intervention targeting; Sustainable intervention; Water availability; Irrigation; agricultural development; agricultural extension; food security; irrigation; resource development; sustainability; water availability; Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Zimbabwe; Bos taurus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84960476670	Profile and economic impact of motorcycle injuries treated at a university referral hospital in Kigali, Rwanda	Allen Ingabire J.C., Petroze R.T., Calland F., Okiria J.C., Byiringiro J.C.	2015	Rwanda Medical Journal	72	4	None	Kigali University Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda; University of VirginiaVA, United States; Kampala University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda	Allen Ingabire, J.C., Kigali University Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda, Kampala University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Petroze, R.T., Kigali University Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda, Kampala University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Calland, F., Kigali University Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda, Kampala University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Okiria, J.C., University of VirginiaVA, United States, Kampala University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda; Byiringiro, J.C., University of VirginiaVA, United States, Kampala University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda	Background: Motorcycle injuries constitute a major public health problem in developing countries, leading to significant disability and straining healthcare resources. We aim to present the basic epidemiology of motorcycle injuries presenting to an urban referral hospital in Rwanda and to evaluate patient outcomes and associated costs arising from injuries sustained on motorcycles. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of motorcycle injury patients presenting to Kigali Teaching University Hospital from January-December, 2011. Patients were identified through review of ward registers and trauma registries and stratified into 3 groups based upon length of stay. A representative sample of 269 patients was randomly selected from each group for financial analysis. Data were collected from patient medical, police, and financial records as well as patient interviews. Cost analysis was based upon the standard road accident cost conceptual framework. Data were collected using Epi data 3.1, Excel and analyzed using SPSS 16. Results: A total of 269 motorcycle accident files were examined. Males were more affected than females with sex ratio F:M;1:6.72.Youths were more involved in motorcycle accident (53.2%) than other age group(16-30 years).The majority of Motorcycles victims were motorcyclists, (30.86%), businessmen (20.45%) and students (11.53%). Motorcycle-vehicle (41.61%) was the first cause of motorcycle injuries then motorcycle-pedestrian (30.86%).Helmet use was 92.75%.Head injuries and fractures were the predominant diagnoses (82.15%).About 46.7% had pre-hospital care. The mean hospital stay was 15.43 days, and 38.3% spent more than 15 days in hospitalization. Permanent disability was confirmed in 11.5% (n=31), and mortality was 10.4% (n=28). The total economic cost was estimated at US$1,236,207.31 with 39.40% (US$487,030.30) due to loss of labor and 21.76% due to direct medical costs (US$269,000.84). Conclusions: Motorcycle injuries create a substantial disability and cost burden in Kigali, Rwanda. Prevention and early treatment should be promoted to decrease the morbidity and financial burden. © 2015, Bioline International. All right reserved.	Accident; Casualty; Helmet; Injury pattern; Management; Motorcycle injuries; Outcome; Prevalence; Related cost; Rwanda	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926147254	Evaluation of major causes of road accidents along north–east highway, nigeria	Yero A.S., Ahmed T.Y., Hainin M.R.	2015	Jurnal Teknologi	73	4	None	Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Department of Geotechnics and Transportation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia	Yero, A.S., Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Ahmed, T.Y., Department of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P.M.B 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria; Hainin, M.R., Department of Geotechnics and Transportation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia	A major road link in the North-Eastern region of Nigeria is the Bauchi – Maiduguri highway that is a 425 km road that links a section of the north east region to other regions of Nigeria. The goods and services to the region are basically transported by road. This has increased vehicular traffic that resulted in increased road accident rates over the years. It is paramount to investigate the major causes of vehicle accidents on this highway as much has not been done to investigate accident cases on the route. The five year accident record on that route was obtained from the Federal Road Safety Corp of Nigeria, the Nigeria Police traffic unit, and the Nigeria union of road traffic workers. The study indicated that speed violation by drivers and bad road conditions contributes greatly in the rate of accidents along the route. Hence the study recommends better road maintenance culture and more sensitization of the road users and enforcement of speed limits. © 2015 Penerbit UTM Press. All rights reserved.	Accident; Highway; Traffic; Vehicles and road safety	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919572776	Use of ground-penetrating radar for construction monitoring and evaluation of perpetual pavements	Li J., Walubita L.F., Simate G.S., Alvarez A.E., Liu W.	2015	Natural Hazards	75	1	10.1007/s11069-014-1314-1	Changsha University of Science and Technology (CUST), Changsha, Hunan, China; TTI, PVAMU - The Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX, United States; School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia; TTI, College Station, TX, United States	Li, J., Changsha University of Science and Technology (CUST), Changsha, Hunan, China, TTI, College Station, TX, United States; Walubita, L.F., TTI, PVAMU - The Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX, United States; Simate, G.S., School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Alvarez, A.E., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Magdalena, Santa Marta, Colombia; Liu, W., TTI, College Station, TX, United States	The inherent quality of perpetual pavement (PP) governs its performance, which consequently influences the frequency and level of the potential accidents during the whole service life.This paper presents the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) as a nondestructive testing (NDT) tool that was utilized for construction monitoring and evaluation of Texas (USA) perpetual pavements. The currently existing Texas PP sections typically consist of hot-mix asphalt layers of over 350-mm total thickness supported on a 200-mm-thick treated (6 % lime or 2 % cement) base, which is resting on a well-compacted in situ subgrade soil. Overall, the results indicate that the GPR has great potential as an effective NDT tool for aiding with the construction quality monitoring, forensic investigations, and structural/performance evaluation of PP structures. In particular, the GPR is useful in determining pavement layer thicknesses, assessing compaction uniformity, locating areas of moisture retention, identifying low-density spots and localized high voided areas, indicative assessment of vertical segregation and debonding, and quality assessment of construction joints. Additionally, the current GPR system has the advantage of rapidly and continuously collecting pavement data up to a depth of 610 mm, together with integrated video images and a GPS system, over any desired highway length while traveling at a nominal speed of about 113 km/h without disturbing conventional traffic. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Accidents; Construction; Density; Ground-penetrating radar; Moisture; Perpetual pavement	None	FHWA, Federal Highway Administration
Scopus	2-s2.0-23944479221	The impact of the use of energy sources on the quality of life of poor communities	Martins J.	2005	Social Indicators Research	72	3	10.1007/s11205-004-5583-z	Bureau of Market Research, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Unisa 0003, South Africa	Martins, J., Bureau of Market Research, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Unisa 0003, South Africa	Over the last few decades, the energy literature has been dominated by a theory of transition. The theory of transition is based on the notion that households gradually ascend an 'energy ladder', which begins with traditional biomass fuels (firewood and charcoal), moves through modern commercial fuels (kerosene and liquid petroleum gas (LPG)) and culminates with the advent of electricity. The ascent of the 'energy body', though not fully understood, is thought to be associated with rising income and increasing levels of urbanisation. Empirical evidence on energy and poverty issues has been to suggest that reality is rather more complex than the simple transitional theory would appear to suggest. To choose an appropriate set of indicators to measure the impact of electrification, this paper takes three basic different perspectives on human welfare, namely, basic needs, monetary, and non-monetary into consideration. According to the basic needs approach, welfare relates to people's ability to satisfy their basic material needs. In the monetary approach it is a generally accepted view that the purchasing power of the household provides the best overall indicator of welfare. According to the non-monetary approach there has been a trend towards complementing economic measures of deprivation with non-monetary measures to obtain a multidimensional view of human well being, particularly by tracking health and education indicators. In the rest of the paper the two primary research projects conducted in two provinces in South Africa, namely KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo, will be discussed. The one research project is still in process. However, the methodology will be discussed. In this project a comparison will be made of households' experiences in villages with and without electricity to see if and to what extent electrification contributed to the welfare of the communities. In the second project households were interviewed about their experiences in the use of paraffin as source of energy. © Springer 2005.	Accidents; Electricity; Energy sources; Firewood; Needs; Paraffin; Poor; Welfare	electrification; energy resource; energy use; low income population; quality of life; welfare impact; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; KwaZulu-Natal; Limpopo; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; World	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954865417	Effects of acclimation temperature on thermal tolerance, locomotion performance and respiratory metabolism in Acheta domesticus L. (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)	Lachenicht M.W., Clusella-Trullas S., Boardman L., Le Roux C., Terblanche J.S.	2010	Journal of Insect Physiology	56	7	10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.02.010	Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	Lachenicht, M.W., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Clusella-Trullas, S., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Boardman, L., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Le Roux, C., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Terblanche, J.S., Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa	The effects of acclimation temperature on insect thermal performance curves are generally poorly understood but significant for understanding responses to future climate variation and the evolution of these reaction norms. Here, in Acheta domesticus, we examine the physiological effects of 7-9 days acclimation to temperatures 4°C above and below optimum growth temperature of 29°C (i.e. 25, 29, 33°C) for traits of resistance to thermal extremes, temperature-dependence of locomotion performance (jumping distance and running speed) and temperature-dependence of respiratory metabolism. We also examine the effects of acclimation on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) enzyme activity. Chill coma recovery time (CRRT) was significantly reduced from 38 to 13min with acclimation at 33-25°C, respectively. Heat knockdown resistance was less responsive than CCRT to acclimation, with no significant effects of acclimation detected for heat knockdown times (25°C: 18.25, 29°C: 18.07, 33°C: 25.5min). Thermal optima for running speed were higher (39.4-40.6°C) than those for jumping performance (25.6-30.9°C). Acclimation temperature affected jumping distance but not running speed (general linear model, p=0.0075) although maximum performance (UMAX) and optimum temperature (TOPT) of the performance curves showed small or insignificant effects of acclimation temperature. However, these effects were sensitive to the method of analysis since analyses of TOPT, UMAX and the temperature breadth (TBR) derived from non-linear curve-fitting approaches produced high inter-individual variation within acclimation groups and reduced variation between acclimation groups. Standard metabolic rate (SMR) was positively related to body mass and test temperature. Acclimation temperature significantly influenced the slope of the SMR-temperature reaction norms, whereas no variation in the intercept was found. The CCO enzyme activity remained unaffected by thermal acclimation. Finally, high temperature acclimation resulted in significant increases in mortality (60-70% at 33°C vs. 20-30% at 25 and 29°C). These results suggest that although A. domesticus may be able to cope with low temperature extremes to some degree through phenotypic plasticity, population declines with warmer mean temperatures of only a few degrees are likely owing to the limited plasticity of their performance curves. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Acclimation; Chill coma; Climate change; Critical thermal tolerance; Heat knockdown; House cricket; Performance curves; Respiratory metabolism; Survival	acclimation; adaptation; body mass; climate variation; cricket; enzyme activity; locomotion; metabolism; phenotypic plasticity; physiological response; population decline; reaction norm; respiration; survival; temperature effect; temperature tolerance; acclimatization; animal; animal behavior; article; energy metabolism; Gryllidae; locomotion; physiology; temperature; Acclimatization; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Energy Metabolism; Gryllidae; Locomotion; Temperature; Acheta domesticus; Gryllidae; Hexapoda; Orthoptera	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892879479	Impacts of environmental variability on desiccation rate, plastic responses and population dynamics of Glossina pallidipes	Kleynhans E., Clusella-Trullas S., Terblanche J.S.	2014	Journal of Evolutionary Biology	27	2	10.1111/jeb.12297	Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Kleynhans, E., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Clusella-Trullas, S., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Terblanche, J.S., Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa	Physiological responses to transient conditions may result in costly responses with little fitness benefits, and therefore, a trade-off must exist between the speed of response and the duration of exposure to new conditions. Here, using the puparia of an important insect disease vector, Glossina pallidipes, we examine this potential trade-off using a novel combination of an experimental approach and a population dynamics model. Specifically, we explore and dissect the interactions between plastic physiological responses, treatment-duration and -intensity using an experimental approach. We then integrate these experimental results from organismal water-balance data and their plastic responses into a population dynamics model to examine the potential relative fitness effects of simulated transient weather conditions on population growth rates. The results show evidence for the predicted trade-off for plasticity of water loss rate (WLR) and the duration of new environmental conditions. When altered environmental conditions lasted for longer durations, physiological responses could match the new environmental conditions, and this resulted in a lower WLR and lower rates of population decline. At shorter time-scales however, a mismatch between acclimation duration and physiological responses was reflected by reduced overall population growth rates. This may indicate a potential fitness cost due to insufficient time for physiological adjustments to take place. The outcomes of this work therefore suggest plastic water balance responses have both costs and benefits, and these depend on the time-scale and magnitude of variation in environmental conditions. These results are significant for understanding the evolution of plastic physiological responses and changes in population abundance in the context of environmental variability. © 2014 European Society For Evolutionary Biology.	Acclimation; Glossinidae; Plasticity; Population dynamics; Water balance	abundance; acclimation; desiccation; disease vector; entomology; environmental conditions; fly; growth rate; phenotypic plasticity; physiological response; population dynamics; trade-off; water budget; Glossina pallidipes; Glossinidae; Hexapoda; acclimatization; adaptation; animal; article; body size; desiccation; environment; evolution; fluid balance; Glossinidae; growth, development and aging; humidity; insect; physiology; plasticity; population dynamics; temperature; acclimation; Glossinidae; plasticity; population dynamics; water balance; Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Biological Evolution; Body Size; Desiccation; Environment; Humidity; Population Dynamics; Pupa; Temperature; Tsetse Flies	GEO-0627839, NSF, National Science Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84937870584	Make the Promise True: a Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Measuring Quality in Child Protection Service Delivery in Zimbabwe	Sammon E., Godwin M., Rumble L., Nolan A., Matsika A.B., Mayanga N.	2015	Child Indicators Research	8	3	10.1007/s12187-014-9267-1	UNICEF Zimbabwe, 6, Fairbridge Avenue, Belgravia, Harare, Zimbabwe; 5/104 Kirribilli Ave, Kirribilli, NSW, Australia; UNICEF Jakarta, Wisma Metropolitan II, 11th Floor, Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav. 31, Jakarta, Indonesia; School of Social Work, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Poverty, Vulnerability and Wealth Creation UK Department for International Development (DFID), 3 Norfolk Road, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Sammon, E., UNICEF Zimbabwe, 6, Fairbridge Avenue, Belgravia, Harare, Zimbabwe; Godwin, M., 5/104 Kirribilli Ave, Kirribilli, NSW, Australia; Rumble, L., UNICEF Jakarta, Wisma Metropolitan II, 11th Floor, Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav. 31, Jakarta, Indonesia; Nolan, A., UNICEF Zimbabwe, 6, Fairbridge Avenue, Belgravia, Harare, Zimbabwe; Matsika, A.B., School of Social Work, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; Mayanga, N., Poverty, Vulnerability and Wealth Creation UK Department for International Development (DFID), 3 Norfolk Road, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Promising Quality: making sure that we deliver excellent services for children, (UNICEF 2012a), is an innovative monitoring and evaluation framework of original and standardised measures developed in Zimbabwe to support child protection providers to deliver quality services for children within a multi-agency child protection system. It is intended to meet the demands of governments, donors and other stakeholders for information on the effectiveness and efficiency of development programming but importantly is a practice which ensures downward accountability to children. It can also be utilised to track programme performance, and in broad terms, value for money in child protection service delivery. Further, Promising Quality has important implications for the creation and strengthening of different types of social capital between children, organisations and government. Promising Quality is constructed to encourage children’s full and meaningful participation in the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) process; it poses three questions and uses four specifically designed instruments to find out if an organization is delivering what children need where and when they need it. In so doing, gaps in the functioning of a comprehensive child protection system are highlighted such that improvements in programming, policy advocacy and investment can be made. This paper argues that Promising Quality - its inception and continuing evolution - is a core component of a rights-based, participatory national child protection system in developing contexts and beyond because of its ability to track gains in efficiency as well as child protection outcomes. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Accountability; Child participation; Child protection systems; Monitoring and evaluation; Social capital; Value for money	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84923109943	The impact of governance on state owned enterprises (SOEs) in Africa	Edoun E.I.	2015	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	6	1	10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n1p352	The University of Johannesburg, South Africa	Edoun, E.I., The University of Johannesburg, South Africa	The creation and strengthening of credible institutions is instrumental for any development initiative. Once these institutions are put in place, transparency and accountability become the tools for good governance to achieve socio-economic development. This article therefore set out to explore the impact that governance has on the developmental role of Public Enterprises in Africa. Public enterprises are created in Africa to contribute to socio-economic development. This study is therefore important in that, it thrives to explore why public enterprises have not over the years played the role for which they were created. However initial findings revealed that, the above failure is related to lack of leadership, maladministration and corruption which are the enemies of good governance, the State and of National Development Plan (NDP) as these impede any development initiative. This paper is divided into five major parts. The first part introduces the problematic of the research; the second part argues about the concept of governance, the third part discusses public enterprises reforms and the justification for decentralisation as a tool for the sustainability of public enterprises. The fourth part explains the methodological approach, data analysis and findings in using the Case of Cameroon. The Fifth part concludes and presents a set of recommendations for future research © 2015 Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. All rights received.	Accountability; Decentralisation; Governance; Maladministration; State owned enterprises; Transparency	None	None
WoS	WOS:000288485500014	Decentralized health care priority-setting in Tanzania: Evaluating against the accountability for reasonableness framework	Byskov, Jens,Hurtig, Anna-Karin,Kamuzora, Peter,Maluka, Stephen,Ndawi, Benedict,Olsen, Oystein E.,Sebastian, Miguel San,Shayo, Elizabeth	2010	SOCIAL SCIENCE &amp; MEDICINE	71	4	10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.04.035	Umea University, University of Copenhagen, University of Dar es Salaam, DBL Ctr Hlth Res & Dev, Haydom Lutheran Hosp, Natl Inst Med Res NIMR, Primary Hlth Care Inst PHCI	"Byskov, Jens: University of Copenhagen","Hurtig, Anna-Karin: Umea University","Kamuzora, Peter: University of Dar es Salaam","Sebastian, Miguel San: Umea University",	Priority-setting has become one of the biggest challenges faced by health decision-makers worldwide. Fairness is a key goal of priority-setting and Accountability for Reasonableness has emerged as a guiding framework for fair priority-setting. This paper describes the processes of setting health care priorities in Mbarali district, Tanzania, and evaluates the descriptions against Accountability for Reasonableness. Key informant interviews were conducted with district health managers, local government officials and other stakeholders using a semi-structured interview guide. Relevant documents were also gathered and group priority-setting in the district was observed. The results indicate that, while Tanzania has a decentralized public health care system, the reality of the district level priority-setting process was that it was not nearly as participatory as the official guidelines suggest it should have been. Priority-setting usually occurred in the context of budget cycles and the process was driven by historical allocation. Stakeholders' involvement in the process was minimal. Decisions (but not the reasoning behind them) were publicized through circulars and notice boards, but there were no formal mechanisms in place to ensure that this information reached the public. There were neither formal mechanisms for challenging decisions nor an adequate enforcement mechanism to ensure that decisions were made in a fair and equitable manner. Therefore, priority-setting in Mbarali district did not satisfy all four conditions of Accountability for Reasonableness; namely relevance, publicity, appeals and revision, and enforcement. This paper aims to make two important contributions to this problematic situation. First, it provides empirical analysis of priority-setting at the district level in the contexts of low-income countries. Second, it provides guidance to decision-makers on how to improve fairness, legitimacy, and sustainability of the priority-setting process. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	"accountability for reasonableness",DECENTRALIZATION,"HEALTH SYSTEMS",PRIORITY-SETTING,Tanzania,CANADA,DECISION-MAKERS,FAIRNESS,ONTARIO	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84928103565	The impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) service scale-up on mechanisms of accountability in zambian primary health centres: A case-based health systems analysis	Topp S.M., Black J., Morrow M., Chipukuma J.M., Van Damme W.	2015	BMC Health Services Research	15	1	10.1186/s12913-015-0703-9	Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, United States; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, PO Box 30338, Lusaka, Zambia; Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC, Australia; University of Lusaka, Plot No 37413, Mass Media, Lusaka, Zambia; Public Health and Health Policy Unit, ITM-Antwerp, Sint-Rochusstraat 2, Antwerpen, Belgium; School of Public Health, University of Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, South Africa	Topp, S.M., Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, United States, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, PO Box 30338, Lusaka, Zambia, Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC, Australia; Black, J., Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC, Australia; Morrow, M., Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, 161 Barry Street, Carlton, VIC, Australia; Chipukuma, J.M., University of Lusaka, Plot No 37413, Mass Media, Lusaka, Zambia; Van Damme, W., Public Health and Health Policy Unit, ITM-Antwerp, Sint-Rochusstraat 2, Antwerpen, Belgium, School of Public Health, University of Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, South Africa	Background: Questions about the impact of large donor-funded HIV interventions on low- And middle-income countries' health systems have been the subject of a number of expert commentaries, but comparatively few empirical research studies. Aimed at addressing a particular evidence gap vis-à-vis the influence of HIV service scale-up on micro-level health systems, this article examines the impact of HIV scale-up on mechanisms of accountability in Zambian primary health facilities. Methods: Guided by the Mechanisms of Effect framework and Brinkerhoff's work on accountability, we conducted an in-depth multi-case study to examine how HIV services influenced mechanisms of administrative and social accountability in four Zambian primary health centres. Sites were selected for established (over 3 yrs) antiretroviral therapy (ART) services and urban, peri-urban and rural characteristics. Case data included provider interviews (60); patient interviews (180); direct observation of facility operations (2 wks/centre) and key informant interviews (14). Results: Resource-intensive investment in HIV services contributed to some early gains in administrative answerability within the four ART departments, helping to establish the material capabilities necessary to deliver and monitor service delivery. Simultaneous investment in external supervision and professional development helped to promote transparency around individual and team performance and also strengthened positive work norms in the ART departments. In the wider health centres, however, mechanisms of administrative accountability remained weak, hindered by poor data collection and under capacitated leadership. Substantive gains in social accountability were also elusive as HIV scale-up did little to address deeply rooted information and power asymmetries in the wider facilities. Conclusions: Short terms gains in primary-level service accountability may arise from investment in health system hardware. However, sustained improvements in service quality and responsiveness arising from genuine improvements in social and administrative accountability require greater understanding of, and investment in changing, the power relations, work norms, leadership and disciplinary mechanisms that shape these micro-level health systems. ©2015 Vo et al.	Accountability; Health systems; HIV service scale-up; Primary health centres	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33845340163	Multiple accountability relationships and improved service delivery performance in Hyderabad City, Southern India	Caseley J.	2006	International Review of Administrative Sciences	72	4	10.1177/0020852306070082	Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya	Caseley, J., Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya	This article examines a series of service delivery reforms that were undertaken at the Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board in Andhra Pradesh State, southern India. Key to sustained improvements in service delivery performance were three effective accountability relationships, triangulating between citizens, senior managers, and frontline workers. In this dynamic, consistent citizen demand for accountability provided new sources of performance information to senior managers, which they could then use to hold frontline workers to account for responsive service provision. Transparent and accessible citizen-based accountability mechanisms have the potential to contribute to organizational change and sustained improvements in service delivery performance in public sector service providers.	Accountability; India; Public sector reform; Service delivery performance; South Asia; Urban water supply	accountability; organizational change; public sector; service provision; water supply; Andhra Pradesh; Asia; Eurasia; Hyderabad; India; South Asia	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78149369683	Using school performance data to drive school and education district office accountability and improvement: The case of Ghana	Prew M., Quaigrain K.	2010	Educational Management Administration and Leadership	38	6	10.1177/1741143210379057	Centre for Education Policy Development (CEPD), PostNet Suite 561, Private Bag X113, Melville 2109, South Africa	Prew, M., Centre for Education Policy Development (CEPD), PostNet Suite 561, Private Bag X113, Melville 2109, South Africa; Quaigrain, K., Centre for Education Policy Development (CEPD), PostNet Suite 561, Private Bag X113, Melville 2109, South Africa	This article looks at a school management tool that allows school managers and education district offices to review the performance of their schools and use the broad-based data to undertake orchestrated planning with districts planning delivery based on the needs of schools and in support of school improvement plans. The review process also allows communities to engage with their schools and hold them accountable for their performance and to steer schools to meet community expectations. A district in northern Ghana is presented as a case study. The article concludes that this generation of school-level data and its use to inform improved planning and delivery also allows districts and schools to monitor how well they are doing in promoting access for all children to school and monitoring the quality of schooling they receive. This is critical information needed to understand the dynamics of school enrolment and drop-out and to make schools more accountable. So school performance review, as practised in Ghana, allows schools to improve while becoming more accountable to their communities. © The Author(s) 2010.	accountability; inspection; quality education; school and district leadership; school improvement; school performance review; universal primary education	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84910079893	Principals’ perceptions about performance agreements as motivational action: Evidence from South Africa	Heystek J.	2014	Educational Management Administration and Leadership	42	6	10.1177/1741143214549425	Northwest University, South Africa	Heystek, J., Northwest University, South Africa	Principals, as one of the professional leaders in a school, are accountable for the quality of education in the school. This is a part of the normal job description and expectations for the person in such a post. In the South African context with a large number of underperforming schools, there is an intention to have an additional performance agreement as a part of performance management, to be signed by principals to hold them accountable for the expected examination results. This article investigated the understanding of principals of the possible motivational implications if the performance agreement is implemented. It also focuses on the issue of what may motivate principals to improve their performance towards sustainable quality education. Motivational theories are used as the lens to understand the principals’ perceptions of this performance agreement process. The focus group interviews indicated that most principals are not in favour of the intended implementation and that it may rather have a negative influence on their motivation levels. © The Author(s) 2014.	accountability; leadership; motivation; Performance management; professional	None	R 40 000, National Research Foundation
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930445395	Principals’ perceptions of the motivation potential of performance agreements in underperforming schools	Heystek J.	2015	South African Journal of Education	35	2	10.15700/saje.v35n2a986	School of Education Studies, North West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa	Heystek, J., School of Education Studies, North West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa	A formidable challenge most school leaders in South Africa face is to improve the academic results in state schools. In terms of their contracts, principals are accountable for the academic results as reflected in examination and test results for their schools. The National Department of Education (currently the Department of Basic Education) has made attempts to implement a performance agreement with principals and deputy principals, which would hold them directly and specifically accountable for the examination results. The article explores the proposed performance agreement and its potential influence on principals’ motivation to improve their own, and therefore also the teachers’ and learners’ academic performance. The focus group interviews conducted with principals and deputy principals indicate that principals do not want to be held accountable, because there are too many factors outside their control. They perceive a performance agreement of this kind as potentially demotivating because they do not feel they would be able to achieve the goals it sets. © 2015, Foundation for Education Science and Technology. All rights reserved.	Accountability; Motivation; Performance agreements; Performance management; Power; School leadership; Underperforming school	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84892552142	A logical framework for monitoring and evaluation: A pragmatic approach to M&E	Myrick D.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	14	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n14p423	University of South Africa, UNISA, South Africa	Myrick, D., University of South Africa, UNISA, South Africa	The following article discusses theoretical approaches to Monitoring and Evaluation that over time come to be streamlined and modified for implementation in the real world. Logical Frameworks (logframes) and pragmatic approaches to Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) frequently facilitate the need to modify processes that can be used in instances where there are limited resources, limited financial capital and limited human capital to determine whether programmes and projects have had an impact. The practice of M&E often moves from detailed log frames being used for measuring impact, to the implementation of orderly pragmatic approaches and finally resorting to utilizing simple fundamental principles of M&E that entail identifying measureable objectives, performance measurement indicators, targets and periodic reporting. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), for example, offers a detailed framework for insuring that intervention logic is measured in terms of verifiable indicators. The framework, however, requires the establishment of a means of verification to determine whether activities are being accomplished and outputs are being achieved. An alternative to such a detailed approach is to assess the risk of projects and programmes, and then report on the likelihood or unlikelihood of objectives being achieved. In the case of limited resources, the organization should at the least report on measureable objectives in terms of performance indicators. This paper concludes by emphasizing that no matter what approach is used in monitoring and evaluation, establishing targets is necessary in order to conduct meaningful Monitoring and Evaluation for impact.	Accountability; Performance Measurement; Project Management and Governance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84883446561	The comparative performance of chartered accountancy students in South Africa: The impact of historical legacies	Sartorius K., Sartorius B.	2013	Development Southern Africa	30	3	10.1080/0376835X.2013.817307	School of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Sartorius, K., School of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Sartorius, B., School of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	African students continue to underperform in South Africa's schools and universities. This paper investigates the comparative performance of African chartered accountancy students from school to post-university level. The paper employed a mixed-method approach to analyse a series of cross-sectional datasets. The results showed that African students have underperformed at school, university and at post-university level, although the performance gap appears to be narrowing in the first professional chartered accountancy examination. The differential performance of these students was explained by poorer marks in mathematics and English that can be traced back to historical legacies in the education sector. South African universities, moreover, perpetuate this disadvantage because they have retained Eurocentric teaching approaches. In order to remove these barriers, tuition at school and university must be complemented by cross-cultural teaching practices and bridging programmes. © 2013 Copyright Development Bank of Southern Africa.	accountancy students; examination performance	academic performance; comparative study; student; teaching; university sector; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84879701310	Information technology and the performance of accountants in the Nigerian oil and gas industry	Ogbonna G.N., Ebimobowei A.	2013	Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology	6	2	None	Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Department of Accounting, Faculty of Business Education, Bayelsa State College of Education Okpoama, Brass Island, Yenagoa, Nigeria	Ogbonna, G.N., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria; Ebimobowei, A., Department of Accounting, Faculty of Business Education, Bayelsa State College of Education Okpoama, Brass Island, Yenagoa, Nigeria	This study investigates the effects of information technology on the performance of duties of Nigerian Accountants in the oil and gas industry. The 2 variables involved in the hypothesis tested are the performance of the duties of Nigerian Accountants which is the dependent variable and information technology which is the independent variable. The performance of the duties of Nigerian Accountants is operationally measured as the level of work performance assigned by primary data provided by 1423 respondents, where 347 accountants do not have any IT knowledge, 542 with minimal knowledge and 534 with sound IT knowledge and Z-test statistical tool was used to test the difference between 2 population means. Each respondent provided a pair of performance level for each group of Nigerian Accountants in oil and gas industry. The result shows that there is significant difference between the performance of duties of the Nigerian Accountants with IT knowledge and those without IT knowledge in the oil and gas industry. That is, those with IT knowledge perform better. It also shows that there is positive relationship between the performance of the duties of the Nigerian Accountants and IT. Based on these findings, the study concludes that IT exerts a great deal of impact on the performance of the duties of Nigerian Accountants and recommends that Nigerian Accountants should intensify their efforts in acquiring IT knowledge and skill, especially by method of on the-job IT training and re-training. The various oil and gas organizations and government where Nigerian Accountants work should as a matter of policy provide them with latest IT facilities that will improve their performance in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2013.	Accountants; Information technology; Nigeria; Oil and gas	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947930228	Questioning the context of corporate performance measures in benchmarking CEO compensation	Oberholzer M., Barnard J.	2015	Corporate Ownership and Control	13	1CONT8	None	Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa	Oberholzer, M., Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Barnard, J., Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa	The purpose of the study was to reflect on existing practices in studying the CEO pay performance issue, with special reference to the context wherein the financial performance measurements were employed. In total, an in-depth content analysis of 40 published articles was done. Some flaws were identified in prior research, namely some studies only use either market-based or accounting-based measurements, only a single performance measurement, measurements without the context of the subjacent risks, monetary values without substance as performance measurements and without the context of a theory. The contribution of this study is that a framework is developed to guide future studies with regard to the context wherein financial performance measures should be employed and that some theories, additional to the agency theory, were identified that should be tested more frequently in pay performance-related studies. © 2015, Virtus Interpress. All right rserved.	Accounting-based performance measurements; CEO compensation; Market-based performance measurements; Motivation theories; Risk-return	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-81855212815	Value based financial performance measures: An evaluation of relative and incremental information content	Erasmus P.	2008	Corporate Ownership and Control	6	0.041666666667	None	Department of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Erasmus, P., Department of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa	Value-based (VB) financial performance measures are often advanced as improvements over traditional measures. It is argued that the inclusion of a firms cost of capital in the calculation of these measures facilitates the evaluation of value creation. Furthermore they attempt to remove some accounting distortions resulting from the limitations of conventional accounting information. This paper investigates the ability of four VB measures to explain market-adjusted share returns and compare it to that of some traditional measures. Empirical results indicate that the relative information contents of the VB measures are not greater than that of earnings. The incremental information content tests indicate that their components add significantly to the information content of earnings, but that the level of significance is relatively low.	Accounting information; Cost of capital; Financial performance	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84940319325	The economic impact of hunting: A regional approach	van der Merwe P., Saayman M., Rossouw R.	2014	South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences	17	4	None	Tourism Research in Economic, Environs and Society, North-West University, South Africa; School of Economics, North-West University, South Africa	van der Merwe, P., Tourism Research in Economic, Environs and Society, North-West University, South Africa; Saayman, M., Tourism Research in Economic, Environs and Society, North-West University, South Africa; Rossouw, R., School of Economics, North-West University, South Africa	The core of South Africa tourism industry is based on wildlife tourism. Private game reserves and game farms which forms part of wildlife tourism constitute most of the wildlife products in South Africa. On these private reserves and game farms, hunting is one of the major income generators for product owners. The aim of this study is to analyse the economic impact of hunting on the regional economies of three of South Africa's most important hunting provinces. The study used economic multipliers, input-output analysis, and related modelling processes through input-output (supply-use) tables and social accounting matrices (SAM). The results differed significantly for the three provinces, with Limpopo receiving the biggest impact (R2.6 billion) and the Free State having the highest multiplier (2.08). The geographical location of the game farms, the number of farms per province and the species available all influenced the magnitude of the economic impact of hunters over and above the traditional determinants of economic impact analysis. The implication of the research is that it will help product owners in the development of game farms or hunting products, contribute to policy formulation, especially for government decisions on what products to offer where, and how to create more jobs.	Accounting matrix; Biltong hunting; Economic impact; Hunting; Social; South Africa; Tourism; Trophy hunting	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84900388272	Impact of accounting skills on entrepreneurship education for self-reliance and sustainable development: A study of selected small scale business in Owerri municipal Imo state	Nwaigburu K.O., Eneogwe V.N.	2013	Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences	4	16 SPEC.ISSUE	10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n16p81	Department Of Accountancy, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Eduction, Owerri-Imo State, Nigeria; Department Of Business Education, National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria	Nwaigburu, K.O., Department Of Accountancy, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Eduction, Owerri-Imo State, Nigeria; Eneogwe, V.N., Department Of Business Education, National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria	Accounting skill was found to be contributory to entrepreneurial performance and as such entrepreneurs are advised to embark on capacity building in accounting skill in the area of financial management and record keeping. Entrepreneurs are agents and drivers of development in most economies of the world including Nigeria. The entrepreneur establishes his presence through the formation of a small and medium scale enterprise (SME). Accounting on its part, is of great importance to the development of small and medium scale enterprises. Arguably, accounting is the core academic discipline that aids the entrepreneurial drive given the popular opinion that is the language of business. The objectives of this study is to examine the role of accounting on entrepreneurship education for self- reliance and sustainable development in Nigeria. The study considered the accounting profession and the major role it plays in entrepreneurship development. It is the submission of the authors that entrepreneurs with basic accounting knowledge and entrepreneurial skills stand better chances of becoming self- reliant and attaining business success. The paper recommends among other things that government should remove those obstacles that militate against entrepreneurial development in Nigeria.	Accounting skill; Entrepreneurship education; Self - Reliance and sustainability; Small-scale business	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938965677	Monitoring sea level rise-induced hazards along the coast of Accra in Ghana	Appeaning Addo K.	2015	Natural Hazards	78	2	10.1007/s11069-015-1771-1	Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box Lg 99, Legon, Ghana	Appeaning Addo, K., Department of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box Lg 99, Legon, Ghana	Sea level rise, increased erosion and flooding threaten vulnerable coastal communities globally. Monitoring the changes in the coastal zone enables the risk levels to be detected and quantified. Such information facilitates developing sustainable policies to effectively manage hazards in the coastal zone. This study used available geospatial data to assess the physical state of the Accra coast and established ground control points that will facilitate effective monitoring of change. The data used included a bathymetric map (hard copy) with last revision in 1992, digital topographic map (2002) of the coast, 2005 orthophoto map and the geology map of Accra. The reliability of the data was determined, and the data were analysed using GIS tool. Ten concrete ground control points were established, mapped using DGPS and connected to the Ghana national coordinate system to form a network for effective monitoring in the coastal zone. The results revealed that the western region of the Accra coast has lower elevations onshore which will facilitate inundation from sea level rise. Comparing nearshore bathymetric profiles indicates that the eastern coast is deeper relative to the central and western. This will enable waves to break closer to the coast under increasing sea level rise thereby dissipating energy to facilitate sediment transport. Computed potential sediment transport rate revealed that the rate ranges between 4.1 × 105 and 7.2 × 105 m3/year. Using the control points established as reference points to monitor the coastal system will enable changes that can result in hazard to be detected and quantified. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Accra coast; Coastal erosion; Coastal hazards; Coastal monitoring; Sea level rise; Vulnerability	coastal zone; hazard assessment; monitoring; sea level change; sediment transport; vulnerability; Accra; Ghana; Greater Accra	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84889660056	Determinants of hotels' environmental performance: Evidence from the hotel industry in Accra, Ghana	Mensah I., Blankson E.J.	2013	Journal of Sustainable Tourism	21	8	10.1080/09669582.2013.776058	Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Mensah, I., Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Blankson, E.J., Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	This study explores the factors that account for the environmental performance of hotels in the special context of a developing country, Ghana. It also examined the socio-demographic characteristics of managers and organizational characteristics that determine the environmental performance of Ghanaian hotels. A stratified random sampling method was employed to survey 200 hotel managers from different categories of hotels in Accra. Ninety-four per cent were independent, and Ghanaian-owned. Sixty-seven per cent had fewer than 20 rooms; only 45 had more than 100 rooms. Only 11.6% were affiliated to foreign multinational companies in any way. Six key factors that accounted for the environmental performance were extracted from a factor analysis. They included, in order of most practised, the environmental education and training for staff, measures to support for the host community, conservation project support, compliance with environmental regulations, waste management, and voluntary programmes. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that larger size and better class of hotels, as well as those with membership of the national hotel trade association, had better environmental performance as did hotels with better paid managers. Affiliation to foreign multinational chains did not predict better performance. A series of suggestions are made to improve the environmental performance of Ghana's hotels. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.	Accra; environment; environmental performance; hotel; organizational characteristics; socio-demographic characteristics	developing world; environmental impact; factor analysis; leisure industry; management; performance assessment; Accra; Ghana; Greater Accra	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649673081	Developments at ISO/REMCO and its impact on the production and use of geological reference materials	Botha A.	2010	Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research	34	3	10.1111/j.1751-908X.2010.00088.x	National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA), Private Bag X34, Lynnwood Ridge 0040, South Africa	Botha, A., National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA), Private Bag X34, Lynnwood Ridge 0040, South Africa	During the past decade the work of ISO/REMCO, the International Organization for Standardization's Technical Committee on Reference Materials, was dedicated to achieving global harmonisation, and true involvement of the member countries. The first major accomplishment was the clarification of the terminology in the definitions for reference material and certified reference material, which were published as an amendment to ISO Guide 30in 2008. The next milestone was the recognition that ISO Guide 34 ('General requirements for the competence of reference material producers') be used in conjunction with ISO/IEC 17025 for the accreditation of reference material producers. The third edition of ISO Guide 34 published in November 2009, clarifies the acceptable procedures for the certification of reference materials. This paper will discuss the role of ISO/REMCO in formalising the procedures for the accreditation of reference material producers and the evolution of the terms reference material and certified reference material. The paper will conclude with a case study, where a primary method in a single laboratory - one of the recognised acceptable metrologically valid procedures according to ISO Guide 34 - was used for the certification of reference materials. The reference materials are South African Reference Material SARM 2 (Syenite), SARM 3 (Lujavrite) and SARM 4 (Norite) from the suite of six NIMROCs that were originally certified by the Council for Mineral Technology (MINTEK) in South Africa in the 1970s. © 2010 The Author. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research © 2010 International Association of Geoanalysts.	Accreditation; Guidance documents; ISO/REMCO; Metrologically valid procedures; Reference materials	Certified reference materials; Geological reference material; Guidance document; International organization for standardizations; ISO/IEC 17025; ISO/REMCO; Lujavrite; Member countries; Metrologically valid procedures; Reference material; Reference materials; South Africa; South African Reference Materials; Technical committees; Accreditation; International cooperation; Nepheline syenite; Materials	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84922269512	Impact of accreditation on public and private universities: a comparative study	Dattey K., Westerheijden D.F., Hofman W.H.A.	2014	Tertiary Education and Management	20	4	10.1080/13583883.2014.959037	National Accreditation Board, Accra, Ghana; Center for Higher Education Policy Studies, Universiteit Twente, Enschede, Netherlands; Centre for Learning and Teaching, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands	Dattey, K., National Accreditation Board, Accra, Ghana; Westerheijden, D.F., Center for Higher Education Policy Studies, Universiteit Twente, Enschede, Netherlands; Hofman, W.H.A., Centre for Learning and Teaching, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands	Based on two cycles of assessments for accreditation, this study assesses the differential impacts of accreditation on public and private universities in Ghana. Analysis of the evaluator reports indicates no statistically significant difference – improvement or deterioration – between the two cycles of evaluations for both types of institutions. A test comparing the two-cycle aggregated assessment scores between the two categories of universities, however, indicated a significant difference, with the public universities achieving better scores (improvements). Drawing on the evaluators’ reports and the opinions expressed by academics from both categories of institutions, the conclusion was that isomorphic pressures, largely faced by the private universities, accounted for their implementation of suggestions for improvement by the evaluators. © 2014, © 2014 European Higher Education Society.	accreditation; impact; isomorphism	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884508638	Long-term monitoring with small and medium-sized telescopes on the ground and in space	Charles P.A., Kotze M.M., Rajoelimanana A.	2011	Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union	7	S285	10.1017/S1743921312000154	School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; South African Astronomical Observatory, Observatory 7935, South Africa; Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Charles, P.A., School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, South African Astronomical Observatory, Observatory 7935, South Africa, Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Kotze, M.M., South African Astronomical Observatory, Observatory 7935, South Africa, Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Rajoelimanana, A., South African Astronomical Observatory, Observatory 7935, South Africa, Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	The last 20 years have seen revolutionary developments of large-scale synoptic surveys of the sky, both from the ground (e.g., the MACHO and OGLE projects, which were targetted at micro-lensing studies) and in space (e.g., the X-ray All-Sky Monitor onboard RXTE). These utilised small and medium-sized telescopes to search for transient-like events, but they have now built up a huge database of long-term light-curves, thereby enabling archival research on a wide range of objects that has not been possible hitherto. This is illustrated with examples of long time-scale optical and X-ray variability studies from the field of X-ray binary research: the high-mass BeX binaries in the SMC (using MACHO and OGLE), and the bright galactic-bulge X-ray sources (mostly LMXBs, using RXTE/ASM). As such facilities develop greater capabilities in future and at other wavelengths (developments in South Africa will be described), real-time data processing will allow much more rapid follow-up studies with the new generation of queue-scheduled large telescopes such as SALT. © 2012 International Astronomical Union.	accretion; accretion disks; astronomical data bases: miscellaneous; telescopes; X-rays: binaries	None	None
WoS	WOS:000337685400006	Single-Arm Evaluation of the AccuCirc Device for Early Infant Male Circumcision in Botswana	Abdullahi, Rasak,Lesetedi, Chiapo,Lockman, Shahin,Makhema, Joseph,Mmalane, Mompati,Ndubuka, Nnamdi O.,Nkgau, Maggie,Plank, Rebeca M.,Powis, Kathleen M.,Shapiro, Roger,Wirth, Kathleen E.	2014	JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES	66	1	None	Harvard University, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Botswana Harvard Sch Publ Hlth AIDS Initiat Partn, Botswana Minist Hlth, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Northern InterTribal Hlth Author	None	Existing devices for early infant male circumcision (EIMC) have inherent limitations. We evaluated the newly developed AccuCirc device by circumcising 151 clinically well, full-term male infants with birth weight &gt;= 2.5 kg within the first 10 days of life from a convenience sample in 2 hospitals in Botswana. No major adverse events were observed. There was 1 local infection, 5 cases of minor bleeding, and 1 case of moderate bleeding. In 3 cases, the device made only partial incisions that were completed immediately by the provider without complications. Parental satisfaction was high: &gt;96% of mothers stated that they would circumcise a future son. The pre-assembled, sterile AccuCirc kit has the potential to overcome obstacles related to supply chain management and on-site instrument disinfection that can pose challenges in resource-limited settings. In our study, the AccuCirc was safe and it should be considered for programmatic EIMC in resource-limited settings.	AccuCirc,BOTSWANA,"early infant male circumcision",HIV,NEONATAL,PREVENTION,AFRICA,CLAMP,COMPLICATIONS,"HIV PREVENTION",INJURIES,MEN,"NEONATAL MALE CIRCUMCISION",NEWBORN,PLASTIBELL,RANDOMIZED-TRIAL	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952798600	The impact of sexual imagery in advertising: Comparing hispanics' and non-hispanics' attitudes and responses toward print ads	Kelsmark K.A., Dion P., Abratt R., Mischel L.	2011	Journal of Promotion Management	17	1	10.1080/10496491003666758	DeVry University, Stratum Executive Center, 11044 Research Blvd., Suite B-100, Austin, TX 78759, United States; Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA, United States; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States; University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa	Kelsmark, K.A., DeVry University, Stratum Executive Center, 11044 Research Blvd., Suite B-100, Austin, TX 78759, United States; Dion, P., Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA, United States; Abratt, R., Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mischel, L., DeVry University, Stratum Executive Center, 11044 Research Blvd., Suite B-100, Austin, TX 78759, United States	The purpose of this study was to examine differences in attitudinal responses to sexual imagery in advertising by young adult Hispanics and non-Hispanics and establish whether any gender differences exist. A quantitative methodology was used. Results show that the lack of influence of the ethnicity variable suggests that respondents appear to overwhelm Hispanic cultural predispositions. Although males were more accepting of the sexual imagery, this did not translate as influence by the advertisements. Although undefined by this research, the reptilian ad appears to exceed some tolerance levels. As a result advertisers and marketing managers should be wary of utilizing strong sexual appeals. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	Acculturation; Cross-cultural advertising; Ethnicity; Hispanics	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84926153714	Evaluation and Potential Health Hazard of Selected Metals in Water, Sediments, and Fish from the Gomti River	Gupta S.K., Chabukdhara M., Singh J., Bux F.	2015	Human and Ecological Risk Assessment	21	1	10.1080/10807039.2014.902694	Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India; Dr. R. M. L. Avadh University, Faizabad, India	Gupta, S.K., Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa; Chabukdhara, M., Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India; Singh, J., Dr. R. M. L. Avadh University, Faizabad, India; Bux, F., Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa	ABSTRACT: The health hazard associated with the consumption of fish from the Gomti River in India, contaminated with the heavy metals Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn was assessed in terms of target hazard quotients (THQs). The concentrations of metals (mg kg−1, wet weight basis) in the muscle tissues of different fish species Mastacembelus puncalus, Clupisona garua, Cyrinous carpio, Botia lochachata, Channa punctatus, Heteropneustise fossilis, Puntius sofore, and Clarious batrachus ranged as follows: Cr (2.2–21.4), Cu (0.3–14.3), Mn (2.3–5.5), Ni (0.5–10.9), Pb (1.0–3.9), and Zn (12.3–46.9). The accumulation of metals in fish muscle tissue was in the order: Zn &gt; Cr &gt; Ni &gt; Mn &gt; Cu &gt; Pb. THQs indicated a potential health hazard to children due to the consumption of fish contaminated with Ni and Pb; their THQs were greater than 1 for almost all fish species except for Ni in C. garua (THQ, 0.07) and C. carpio (THQ, 0.90). For adults, insignificant health hazard was associated with THQs less than 1 for all metals in the different fish species, but long-term exposure to these metals and subsequent bioaccumulation in the body may require additional investigation. © 2015, Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.	accumulation; fish; Gomti River; sediment; target hazard quotient; trace elements; water	Batrachoides; Botia; Channa punctatus; Mastacembelus; Puntius	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84947915361	Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Mbaa River and the impact on aquatic ecosystem	Ajima M.N.O., Nnodi P.C., Ogo O.A., Adaka G.S., Osuigwe D.I., Njoku D.C.	2015	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	187	12	10.1007/s10661-015-4937-0	Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria	Ajima, M.N.O., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Nnodi, P.C., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Ogo, O.A., Department of Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria; Adaka, G.S., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Osuigwe, D.I., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria; Njoku, D.C., Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria	The bioaccumulation and toxic effects of heavy metals have caused ecological damage to aquatic ecosystem. In this study, concentration of heavy metals including zinc, lead, cadmium, iron, and copper were determined in the sediment and water as well as in the muscle, gill, and intestine of two fish species (Pelmatochromis guentheri and Pelmatochromis pulcher) of Mbaa River in Southeastern Nigeria. Samples were collected at three different spots from the river, and the level of heavy metals specified above were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) after a modified wet digestion process. The results indicated that sediment had the highest concentration of the heavy metals investigated while water had the lowest concentration. Fish tissues showed appreciable bioaccumulation of these metals as evidenced by a higher concentration profile when compared with that of water. Furthermore, the concentration of these heavy metals in water and their bioconcentration factor in the fish were above the recommended limit by WHO and FEPA, indicating that Mbaa River along Inyishi may not be suitable for drinking nor the fish safe for human consumption. The study also reveals the use of fish as bioindicator of aquatic environment. © 2015, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.	Accumulation; Fish; Heavy metals; Mbaa River; Pollution	Absorption spectroscopy; Aquatic ecosystems; Atomic absorption spectrometry; Bioaccumulation; Biochemistry; Chemical contamination; Copper; Ecology; Ecosystems; Fish; Heavy metals; Pollution; Potable water; Rivers; Water resources; Accumulation; Aquatic environments; Atomic absorption spectroscopy; Bio-concentration factors; Concentration profiles; Ecological damage; Human consumption; Southeastern Nigeria; River pollution; cadmium; copper; heavy metal; iron; lead; water; zinc; aquatic ecosystem; bioaccumulation; cichlid; ecological impact; heavy metal; pollution effect; animal tissue; aquatic environment; Article; atomic absorption spectrometry; bioaccumulation; bioconcentration factor; concentration (parameters); controlled study; environmental impact; exposure; freshwater fish; health hazard; Nigeria; nonhuman; Pelmatochromis guentheri; Pelmatochromis pulcher; risk assessment; river; sediment; tissue level; water contamination; Nigeria; Pelmatochromis; Pelvicachromis pulcher	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84861362357	Bacteriological and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon evaluation of mangrove phyllosphere and rhizosphere from Qua Iboe River estuary, Nigeria	Eduok S.I., Ita B.N., Uye U.O., Utuk N.M.	2010	International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences	5	6	None	Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, P.M.B.1017,Uyo, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B.1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Ministry of Health, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria	Eduok, S.I., Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, P.M.B.1017,Uyo, Nigeria; Ita, B.N., Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, P.M.B.1017, Uyo, Nigeria; Uye, U.O., Ministry of Health, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria; Utuk, N.M., Department of Microbiology, University of Uyo, P.M.B.1017,Uyo, Nigeria	Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-utilizing bacterial density and content in the rhizosphere, phyllosphere and sediment from Qua Iboe River estuary (QIRE) were analyzed using standard microbiological and chemical techniques. The heterotrophic (HET) bacterial counts ranged from 92/0.54 to 142/0.62cfu/m2, 12.5×105 to 13.2×105 cfu/g and 10.6×105 to 12.1×105cfu/g; Hydrocarbon-utilizing bacterial (HUB) count ranged from 74/0.58 to 82/0.62cfu/m2, 9.4×105 to 10.9×105 cfu/g, and 7.6×105 to 9.2×105 cfu/g, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-utilizing bacterial (PAHUB) count ranged from 45/0.56 to 52/0.62cfu/m2, 7.9×105 to 11.9×105 cfu/g and 7.1×105 to 9.7×105 cfu/g, total Vibrio count (TVC) ranged from 00/0.56 to 21/0.60cfu/m2, 5.8×105 to 7.9×105 and 4.7×105 to 7.4×105cfu/g for the phyllosphere, rhizosphere and sediment samples respectively. There was a moderate to very high positive correlation (r = 0.69, 0.97 and 0.97, p = 0.05) in the microbial counts of the sediment and rhizosphere from locations 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Predominant culturable bacterial isolates were Vibrio alginolyticus, V. estuarianus, Alcaligenes denitrificans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. putida, Chromobacterium violaceum, Nocardia sp, Micrococcus varians, Acinetobacter iwoffii, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus subtilis, Chromatium sp, Escherichia coli, Anabaena, Enterobacter aerogenes, Sarcina sp, Flavobacterium breve, Nodularia and Erwinia amylovora. Total PAH concentration ranged from 7.26 to 7.51mg/kg (rhizosphere), 8.92 to 9.55mg/kg (sediment), 9.92 to 11.13mg/kg (mangrove root) and 18.65 to 25.21mg/kg (phyllosphere). The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for phenanthrene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene and benzo(g,h,l)perylene were above 1, an indication that biomagnification of carcinogenic PAH could be occurring along the food chain. The bacterial isolates exhibited varying rate of PAH utilization, strongly suggesting possession of relevant genomic properties and degradative enzymes, although pre-exposure to the pollutants in the natural environment could have been an influencing factor. R. racemosa as keystone specie in the QIRE with its associated microbes could be used in phytoremediation and as indicator of exposure for retroactive risk assessment of ambient air and sediment contamination with PAH in estuarine ecosystem. © Research India Publications.	Accumulation; Gas flaring; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Rhizophora racemosa; Utilization	Accumulation; Acinetobacters; Alcaligenes; Ambient air; Bacillus Subtilis; Bacterial count; Bacterial density; Bacterial isolates; Benzo(a)pyrene; Benzo(b)fluoranthene; Bioaccumulation factor; Biomagnification; Chemical techniques; Chromobacterium violaceum; Chrysene; Culturable; Enterobacter aerogenes; Erwinia amylovora; Estuarine ecosystems; Flavobacterium; Fluoranthene; Food chain; Gas flaring; Influencing factor; Keystone species; Microbial count; Natural environments; Nigeria; Nocardia sp; Nodularia; Perylenes; Phyllospheres; Phytoremediation; Polycyclic aromatics; Positive correlations; Pre-exposure; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rhizophora racemosa; Sediment contamination; Sediment samples; Serratia marcescens; Vibrio alginolyticus; Anthracene; Bacteria; Biochemistry; Bioremediation; Chemical analysis; Ecosystems; Escherichia coli; Hydrocarbons; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Sedimentology; Sediments; Waste utilization; Soils; bacteriology; bioaccumulation; estuarine ecosystem; mangrove; PAH; phyllosphere; rhizosphere; risk assessment; water pollution; Akwa Ibom; Nigeria; Qua Iboe Estuary; Achromobacter denitrificans; Acinetobacter; Anabaena; Bacillus subtilis; Bacteria (microorganisms); Chromatium; Chromobacterium violaceum; Empedobacter brevis; Enterobacter aerogenes; Erwinia amylovora; Escherichia coli; Flavobacterium; Kocuria varians; Micrococcus; Nocardia; Nodularia; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rhizophora racemosa; Sarcina; Serratia marcescens; Vibrio; Vibrio alginolyticus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84930636351	Evaluation of Movement Facilitating Techniques for Finite Element Analysis of Magnetically Geared Electrical Machines	Gerber S., Wang R.-J.	2015	IEEE Transactions on Magnetics	51	2	10.1109/TMAG.2014.2351787	Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Gerber, S., Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Wang, R.-J., Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa	The simulation of magnetically geared electrical machines using the finite element method is an especially demanding task when movement has to be considered. Several methods that facilitate movement exist. In this paper, two of these methods, the macro air-gap element (AGE) and the moving band (MB) are applied in a time-stepped static simulation of a magnetically geared machine (MGM). The methods are evaluated in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency, vitally important factors for numerical optimization. The implementation of both methods exploit the multi-core architecture of modern CPUs to solve several steps in parallel, drastically reducing the simulation time. Nevertheless, the computational cost of the AGE is prohibitively high in the simulation of MGMs. The MB is computationally efficient and good accuracy can be achieved using a multilayer approach. © 1965-2012 IEEE.	Accuracy; Air gaps; Atmospheric modeling; Computational modeling; Finite element analysis; Torque; Voltage measurement	Computational efficiency; Computer architecture; Electric machinery; Numerical methods; Optimization; Program processors; Torque; Voltage measurement; Accuracy; Air-gaps; Atmospheric model; Computational costs; Computational model; Computationally efficient; Multicore architectures; Numerical optimizations; Finite element method	Universiteit Stellenbosch; US, Universiteit Stellenbosch
WoS	WOS:000260014000001	Impact of training in clinical and microscopy diagnosis of childhood malaria on antimalarial drug prescription and health outcome at primary health care level in Tanzania: A randomized controlled trial	Bjorkman, Anders,Gustafsson, Lars L.,Massele, Amos Y.,Mubi, Marycelina,Ngasala, Billy,Petzold, Max G.,Premji, Zul,Tomson, Goran,Warsame, Marian	2008	MALARIA JOURNAL	7	None	10.1186/1475-2875-7-199	Karolinska Institutet, Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Nord Sch Publ Hlth	"Bjorkman, Anders: Karolinska Institutet","Gustafsson, Lars L.: Karolinska Institutet","Tomson, Goran: Karolinska Institutet","Warsame, Marian: Karolinska Institutet",	Background: Prescribing antimalarial medicines based on parasite confirmed diagnosis of malaria is critical to rational drug use and optimal outcome of febrile illness. The impact of microscopy-based versus clinical-based diagnosis of childhood malaria was assessed at primary health care (PHC) facilities using a cluster randomized controlled training intervention trial. Methods: Sixteen PHC facilities in rural Tanzania were randomly allocated to training of health staff in clinical algorithm plus microscopy (Arm-I, n = 5) or clinical algorithm only (Arm-II, n = 5) or no training (Arm-III, n = 6). Febrile under-five children presenting at these facilities were assessed, treated and scheduled for follow up visit after 7 days. Blood smears on day 0 were only done in Arm-I but on Day 7 in all arms. Primary outcome was antimalarial drug prescription. Other outcomes included antibiotic prescription and health outcome. Multilevel regression models were applied with PHC as level of clustering to compare outcomes in the three study arms. Results: A total of 973, 1,058 and 1,100 children were enrolled in arms I, II and III, respectively, during the study period. Antimalarial prescriptions were significantly reduced in Arm-I (61.3%) compared to Arms-II (95.3%) and III (99.5%) (both P &lt; 0.001), whereas antibiotic prescriptions did not vary significantly between the arms (49.9%, 54.8% and 34.2%, respectively). In Arm-I, 99.1% of children with positive blood smear readings received antimalarial prescriptions and so did 11.3% of children with negative readings. Those with positive readings were less likely to be prescribed antibiotics than those with negative (relative risk = 0.66, 95% confidence interval: 0.55, 0.72). On day 7 follow-up, more children reported symptoms in Arm-I compared to Arm-III, but fewer children had malaria parasitaemia (p = 0.049). The overall sensitivity of microscopy reading at PHC compared to reference level was 74.5% and the specificity was 59.0% but both varied widely between PHCs. Conclusion: Microscopy based diagnosis of malaria at PHC facilities reduces prescription of antimalarial drugs, and appears to improve appropriate management of non-malaria fevers, but major variation in accuracy of the microscopy readings was found. Lack of qualified laboratory technicians at PHC facilities and the relatively short training period may have contributed to the shortcomings. Trial registration: This study is registered at Clinicaltrials. gov with the identifier NCT00687895.	,ACCURACY,ALGORITHM,AREA,CASE-MANAGEMENT,CHILDREN,"COMBINATION THERAPY",ILLNESS,"INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT",KENYA,"PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA"	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70349478741	Fragmentary femora: Evaluation of the accuracy of the direct and indirect methods in stature reconstruction	Bidmos M.A.	2009	Forensic Science International	192	42372	10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.08.019	School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, Guateng, South Africa	Bidmos, M.A., School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193 Johannesburg, Guateng, South Africa	Selected measurements of the femur have been used in the derivation of regression equations for stature estimation in several populations. Various studies have indicated that stature can be estimated from fragmentary bones by either the direct or the indirect method. The direct method allows for the estimation of stature directly from individual or combination of measurements of fragments of the femur. However, the indirect method consists of two steps. An initial step which involves the estimation of maximum length of the femur from measurements of its fragments is followed by stature estimation from the estimated maximum length of the femur. While Steele noted that the indirect method provides a relatively more precise estimate of stature, none of the subsequent studies on stature reconstruction has addressed the issue of accuracy of the two methods. The current study utilized 120 complete skeletons obtained from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons. Total skeletal height for each of the skeletons (TSHFully) was calculated using the Fully's method. Measurements of fragments of the femur acquired from the current study were substituted into each of the previously derived equations for Indigenous South Africans (ISA) and South Africans of European Descent (SAED) in order to obtain an estimate of the skeletal height (TSHEst). Analyses were carried out separately for each group. An assessment of the differences between the estimated skeletal height (TSHEst) and the obtained skeletal height using the Fully's method (TSHFully) was performed using the paired t test. While no significant difference was observed between TSHFully and TSHEst for all equations (except one) used in the direct estimation of skeletal height, a number of indirect equations significantly overestimated TSHFully. These observations indicate that the direct method is more accurate than the indirect method. Since it is also less complicated, it is therefore the preferred of the two methods contrary to earlier recommendation made by Steele. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Accuracy; Anthropology; Forensic anthropology population data; Forensic science; Fragmentary femur; Stature	accuracy; African American; article; body height; controlled study; female; femur; forensic science; human; human tissue; intermethod comparison; male; mathematical analysis; osteometry; physical anthropology; priority journal; South Africa; Body Height; Female; Femur; Forensic Anthropology; Humans; Male; Regression Analysis; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-72849142428	Obstetric performance recall accuracy (opera) among a low literacy population in Southeast Nigeria	Umeora O.U.J., Egwuatu V.E.	2009	Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice	12	4	None	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Ndubia-Igbeagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Umeora, O.U.J., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Ndubia-Igbeagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Egwuatu, V.E., Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria	Context: Accurate obstetric history is of utmost importance in prenatal care to ensure optimal maternal and fetal outcomes. Aims and Objectives:To determine the accuracy of recalled obstetric history among rural Igbo women of Southeast Nigeria. Study design:Primiparous and multiparous women, who accessed antenatal care in a rural Mission Hospital over a two-year period, had their past obstetric histories recorded in a pro forma by trained research assistants. The information so obtained was compared with the previous obstetric data documented in the patients' hospital case files to evaluate their correctness. Univariate analysis was performed for statistical evaluation using the epi info package version 3.3.2 of 2005. Results:Two hundred and thirty-five antenatal clinic attendees aged between 18 and 41 years were recruited for the study. Low literacy level is prevalent in rural communities of Southeast Nigeria. The ability of the women to accurately recall past obstetric events, including major pregnancy risk factors, was considerably limited. The recall accuracy for details of the immediate past pregnancy was 43.6% and 41.3% for the penultimate pregnancy. Patient's educational attainment, but not her age or parity, had significant influence on the recall ability. Conclusion:The introduction of the Obstetric performance card for use in the busy antenatal clinics in low literacy rural communities of the developing countries such as Nigeria, will corroborate the information obtained from patients and greatly enhance the management and positive outcomes of the index pregnancy.	Accuracy; History; Low literacy; Outcome; Prenatal; Recall	adolescent; adult; age distribution; anamnesis; article; delivery; educational status; female; health service; human; information processing; labor complication; Nigeria; pregnancy; pregnancy complication; prenatal care; prospective study; recall; rural population; standard; statistics; Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Data Collection; Delivery, Obstetric; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Maternal Health Services; Medical History Taking; Mental Recall; Nigeria; Obstetric Labor Complications; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prenatal Care; Prospective Studies; Rural Population; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84943741633	The evaluation of accuracy of serial rapid HIV test algorithm in the diagnosis of HIV antibodies among pregnant women in south east Nigeria Pregnancy and Childbirth	Mbachu I.I., Udigwe G., Joseph I., John O., Samuel U.O., Joseph U., Ngozi M.C.	2015	BMC Research Notes	8	1	10.1186/s13104-015-1454-8	Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria	Mbachu, I.I., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; Udigwe, G., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; Joseph, I., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; John, O., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; Samuel, U.O., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; Joseph, U., Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria; Ngozi, M.C., Department of Paediatrics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, PMB 5025, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria	Background: Accurate HIV testing in pregnancy is critical to the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV infection and linkages to other preventive strategies. Aims and objectives: This study determined the sensitivity, specificity negative and positive predictive value of serial rapid testing of HIV among pregnant women in Nnewi, south east Nigeria. Methodology: This was a comparative descriptive study conducted over a 4-month period. Serial rapid testing algorithm was compared with conventional ELISA testing after obtaining informed consents from the pregnant women. All positive and discordant results were confirmed with western blot HIV test. Participants also completed a questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Result: A total of 166 pregnant women participated in this study. The mean age of the participants was 29 ± 4.3 years. The HIV prevalence was highest in the 25-29 years category. This was also the modal age category. Majority of the women were multiparous. The prevalence of HIV infection was 12 %. The sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value of serial rapid HIV testing was 95, 100, 99.3 and 100 % respectively. Conclusion: The sensitivity of the serial rapid test algorithm was high but still lower than the WHO recommended 99 % and above. The 100 % specificity and positive predictive value makes it a good diagnostic test strategy. There is need for regular review of HIV test kits and policy. © 2015 Mbachu et al.	Accuracy; Pregnant women; Rapid HIV test; Serial algorithm	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84887909448	Genomics of elite sporting performance: What little we know and necessary advances	Wang G., Padmanabhan S., Wolfarth B., Fuku N., Lucia A., Ahmetov I.I., Cieszczyk P., Collins M., Eynon N., Klissouras V., Williams A., Pitsiladis Y.	2013	Advances in Genetics	84	None	10.1016/B978-0-12-407703-4.00004-9	Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan; European University and Research Institute i+12, Madrid, Spain; Sport Technology Education Research Laboratory, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russian Federation; Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland; MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine of the Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa; Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Sport Medicine and Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Institute for Performance Research, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, United Kingdom; School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom; The Skeletal Muscle and Performance Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia	Wang, G., Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Padmanabhan, S., Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Wolfarth, B., Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sports Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Fuku, N., Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan; Lucia, A., European University and Research Institute i+12, Madrid, Spain; Ahmetov, I.I., Sport Technology Education Research Laboratory, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russian Federation; Cieszczyk, P., Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland; Collins, M., MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine of the Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa; Eynon, N., Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia, The Skeletal Muscle and Performance Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Klissouras, V., Department of Sport Medicine and Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Williams, A., Institute for Performance Research, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, United Kingdom; Pitsiladis, Y., Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom	Numerous reports of genetic associations with performance- and injury-related phenotypes have been published over the past three decades; these studies have employed primarily the candidate gene approach to identify genes that associate with elite performance or with variation in performance-and/or injury-related traits. Although generally with small effect sizes and heavily prone to type I statistic error, the number of candidate genetic variants that can potentially explain elite athletic status, injury predisposition, or indeed response to training will be much higher than that examined by numerous biotechnology companies. Priority should therefore be given to applying whole genome technology to sufficiently large study cohorts of world-class athletes with adequately measured phenotypes where it is possible to increase statistical power. Some of the elite athlete cohorts described in the literature might suffice, and collectively, these cohorts could be used for replication purposes. Genome-wide association studies are ongoing in some of these cohorts (i.e., Genathlete, Russian, Spanish, Japanese, United States, and Jamaican cohorts), and preliminary findings include the identification of one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; among more than a million SNPs analyzed) that associates with sprint performance in Japanese, American (i.e., African American), and Jamaican cohorts with a combined effect size of ~2.6 (P-value &lt;5×10-7) and good concordance with endurance performance between select cohorts. Further replications of these signals in independent cohorts will be required, and any replicated SNPs will be taken forward for fine-mapping/targeted resequencing and functional studies to uncover the underlying biological mechanisms. Only after this lengthy and costly process will the true potential of genetic testing in sport be determined. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.	ACE/ACTN3 polymorphisms; Candidate gene association study; Complex trait; Elite performance; Genome-wide association study; Single nucleotide polymorphism	ACE protein, human; actinin; ACTN3 protein, human; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase; ACE/ACTN3 polymorphisms; article; athlete; athletic performance; candidate gene association study; Complex trait; Elite Performance; genetic association; genetic screening; genetics; human; running; single nucleotide polymorphism; ACE/ACTN3 polymorphisms; candidate gene association study; complex trait; elite performance; genome-wide association study; single nucleotide polymorphism; Actinin; Athletes; Athletic Performance; Genetic Testing; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Running	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84860389507	Evaluation of the effects of long-term storage of bovine ear notch samples on the ability of 2 diagnostic assays to identify calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus	Khan F., Vorster J.H., van Vuuren M., Mapham P.	2011	Journal of the South African Veterinary Association	82	1	None	Vetdiagnostix, Veterinary Pathology Services, PO Box 13624, Cascades, 3202, South Africa; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Veterinary House Hospital, 339 Prince Alfred Street, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa	Khan, F., Vetdiagnostix, Veterinary Pathology Services, PO Box 13624, Cascades, 3202, South Africa; Vorster, J.H., Vetdiagnostix, Veterinary Pathology Services, PO Box 13624, Cascades, 3202, South Africa; van Vuuren, M., Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Mapham, P., Veterinary House Hospital, 339 Prince Alfred Street, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa	Research aimed at optimising diagnostic laboratory procedures is central to the development of effective bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) control programmes. BVDV is a single-stranded RNA virus that crosses the placenta to infect foetuses, resulting in reproductive losses due to foetal death or persistently infected calves that die early in life. Persistently infected animals are widely accepted to be the primary reservoir of BVDV and the largest source of infection. This poses important challenges to overall animal/herd health and can cause major losses to the cattle industry. Long-term storage of bovine ear notch samples from calves persistently infected with BVDV may adversely affect the ability of diagnostic assays to detect the virus efficiently. In order to test this hypothesis, ear notch samples from 7 animals were divided into 2 groups. One set was subjected to prompt formalin fixation and the other set stored either as fresh samples without preservatives at -2 °C, or soaked overnight in phosphate buffered saline followed by freezing of the supernatant fluid at -2 °C. Frozen ear notches and ear notch supernatant yielded positive results with an antigen-capture, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (AC-ELISA) for the duration of the study (6 months) and optical density (OD) values remained significantly within range. There was no significant difference between storing fresh ear notch samples or PBS at -2 °C. However, positive immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining on formalin fixed ear notches started to fade between Day 17 and Day 29 when stored at room temperature. It was concluded that fresh ear notches could safely be stored at -2 °C for a period of 6 months prior to testing for BVD viral antigens.	AC-ELISA; BVDV; Ear notch; Immunohistochemistry; Long-term storage; PBS	formaldehyde; virus antigen; article; bovine viral diarrhea; calf (bovine); ear; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; female; immunohistochemistry; long term care; nonhuman; optical density; organ preservation; persistent infection; room temperature; Animals; Antigens, Viral; Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease; Cattle; Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral; Ear; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Freezing; Immunohistochemistry; Specimen Handling; Tissue Preservation; Animalia; Bos; Bovinae; Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1; RNA viruses	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33749074178	Evaluation of insecticides for protecting southwestern ponderosa pines from attack by engraver beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)	DeGomez T.E., Hayes C.J., Anhold J.A., McMillin J.D., Clancy K.M., Bosu P.P.	2006	Journal of Economic Entomology	99	2	None	University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources, NAU Box 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States; USDA-Forest Service, Southwestern Region, Forestry and Forest Health, Arizona Zone, 2500 S. Pine Knoll Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001-6381, United States; USDA-Forest Service Research and Development, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2500 S. Pine Knoll Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001-6381, United States; Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, University, P.O. Box 63, Kumasi, Ghana	DeGomez, T.E., University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources, NAU Box 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States; Hayes, C.J., University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources, NAU Box 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States; Anhold, J.A., USDA-Forest Service, Southwestern Region, Forestry and Forest Health, Arizona Zone, 2500 S. Pine Knoll Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001-6381, United States; McMillin, J.D., USDA-Forest Service, Southwestern Region, Forestry and Forest Health, Arizona Zone, 2500 S. Pine Knoll Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001-6381, United States; Clancy, K.M., USDA-Forest Service Research and Development, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2500 S. Pine Knoll Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001-6381, United States; Bosu, P.P., University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources, NAU Box 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, United States, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, University, P.O. Box 63, Kumasi, Ghana	Insecticides that might protect pine trees from attack by engraver beetles (Ips spp.) have not been rigorously tested in the southwestern United States. We conducted two field experiments to evaluate the efficacy of several currently and potentially labeled preventative insecticides for protecting high-value ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl ex. Laws., from attack by engraver beetles. Preventative sprays (0.19% permethrin [Permethrin Plus C]; 0.03, 0.06, and 0.12% bifenthrin [Onyx]; and 1.0 and 2.0% carbaryl [Sevin SL] formulations) and systemic implants (0.875 g per capsule acephate [Acecap] and 0.650 g per capsule dinotefuran) were assessed on bolts (sections of logs) as a surrogate for live trees for a period of 13 mo posttreatment. The pine engraver, Ips pini (Say), was the most common bark beetle found attacking control and treated bolts, but sixspined ips, Ips calligraphus (Germar), and Ips lecontei Swain also were present. After ≈13 mo posttreatment in one experiment, the spray treatments with 2.0% carbaryl, 0.19% permethrin, and 0.06 or 0.12% bifenthrin prevented Ips attack on the bolts at a protection level of ≥70%. The acephate and dinotefuran systemic insecticides, and the 0.03% bifenthrin spray, provided inadequate (≤36%) protection in this experiment. For the other experiment, sprayed applications of 1.0% carbaryl, 0.19% permethrin, and 0.06% bifenthrin prevented beetle attack at protection levels of ≥90, ≥80, and ≥70%, respectively, when bolts were exposed to Ips beetle attack for ≈9-15 wk posttreatment. The sprays with 0.19% permethrin and 0.06% bifenthrin also provided ≥90% protection when bolts were exposed for ≈15-54 wk posttreatment. We concluded that under the conditions tested, 1.0 and 2.0% carbaryl, 0.19% permethrin, and 0.06 and 0.12% binfenthrin were acceptable preventative treatments for protecting ponderosa pine from successful engraver beetle attack for one entire flight season in the U.S. Southwest.	Acephate; Bifenthrin; Carbaryl; Dinotefuran; Permethrin	insecticide; animal; article; beetle; drug effect; parasitology; ponderosa pine; time; Animals; Beetles; Insecticides; Pinus ponderosa; Time Factors; Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Ips; Ips calligraphus; Ips lecontei; Ips pini; Onyx; Pinus ponderosa; Scolytinae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84884354676	Ozone facilitated dechlorination of 2-chloroethanol and impact of organic solvents and activated charcoal	Gounden A.N., Jonnalagadda S.B.	2013	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	185	10	10.1007/s10661-013-3169-4	Department of Chemistry, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs 4026, South Africa; School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, P. Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	Gounden, A.N., Department of Chemistry, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs 4026, South Africa; Jonnalagadda, S.B., School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, P. Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa	The ozone-initiated oxidation of 2-chloroethanol was followed by monitoring the consumption of the halogenated organic substrate. Gas chromatographic analysis of the ozonated products showed an increase in conversion from about 1 % after 3 h of ozone treatment to about 22 % after 12 h. The yields of major ozonated products identified and quantified namely acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and chloride ion increased proportionately as a function of ozone treatment time. The percent conversion of 2-chloroethanol in the presence of acetic acid or ethyl acetate were found to be higher than those under solvent-free conditions with similar products obtained. The use of activated charcoal during the ozonolyis of 2-chloroethanol showed a significant increase in the percent conversion of the substrate compared to solvent free ozonation. Based on the experimental findings, the overall mechanism for the reaction between 2-chloroethanol and ozone is described. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.	Acetaldehyde; Acetic acid; Chloride ion; Dechlorination; Ozonation	2-Chloroethanol; Chloride ions; Ethyl acetates; Organic substrate; Ozone treatment; Solvent free; Solvent free conditions; Acetaldehyde; Acetic acid; Chlorine compounds; Dechlorination; Ozonization; pH; Ozone; 2 chloroethanol; acetaldehyde; acetic acid; acetic acid ethyl ester; activated carbon; carboxylic acid; chloride ion; organic solvent; ozone; acetaldehyde; acetate; acetic acid; activated carbon; charcoal; dechlorination; experimental study; organic compound; ozone; reaction kinetics; substrate; article; dechlorination; electric conductivity; gas chromatography; oxidation; ozonation; ozonolysis; Charcoal; Ethylene Chlorohydrin; Models, Chemical; Ozone; Solvents; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84890445442	Impact of caffeic acid addition on phenolic composition of tempranillo wines from different winemaking techniques	Aleixandre-Tudó J.L., Álvarez I., Lizama V., García M.J., Aleixandre J.L., Du Toit W.J.	2013	Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry	61	49	10.1021/jf402713d	Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa	Aleixandre-Tudó, J.L., Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Álvarez, I., Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Lizama, V., Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; García, M.J., Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Aleixandre, J.L., Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Du Toit, W.J., Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602 Stellenbosch, South Africa	The effect of prefermentative and postfermentative caffeic acid (CFA) addition, prefermentative cold maceration, and a simulation of the micro-oxygenation technique through acetaldehyde addition on the phenolic and color composition of Tempranillo wines was investigated. Cold soaking and dry ice addition were performed as prefermentative techniques. Wines were analyzed after the end of the malolactic fermentation and after 6 and 12 months' storage. The results showed an important effect in wines to which CFA had been added, suggesting intramolecular copigmentation reactions through direct interaction between anthocyanins and free phenolic acids, thereby increasing the acylated anthocyanin fraction with an increase in color stability. The higher concentration of total phenols and lower hue values in CFA-added wines also contributed to the stability of these compounds during storage. Prefermentative cold maceration was shown to be influenced by the vintage. Phenolic acids, the acylated anthocyanin fraction, and total phenolics showed higher values in CFA-added and acetaldehyde-added wines. No differences were found in color density between the control wines and both the prefermentative and postfermentative CFA-added wines. However, a higher anthocyanin polymeric fraction and higher acylated anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and total phenols were observed in the CFA-added wines. The implications of this for the color stability of Tempranillo are also discussed. © 2013 American Chemical Society.	acetaldehyde addition; caffeic acid; cold soak; copigmentation; dry ice; Tempranillo	Caffeic acids; cold soak; Copigmentation; Dry ice; Tempranillo; Acetaldehyde; Acylation; Carbon dioxide; Color; Organic acids; Phenols; Refrigerants; Anthocyanins; anthocyanin; caffeic acid; caffeic acid derivative; food additive; phenol derivative; article; chemistry; color; evaluation study; fermentation; food handling; fruit; metabolism; methodology; microbiology; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Vitis; wine; Anthocyanins; Caffeic Acids; Color; Fermentation; Food Additives; Food Handling; Fruit; Phenols; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Vitis; Wine	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84873339305	Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Annona muricata (Linn.) leaf against carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen-induced liver damage	Arthur F.K.N., Woode E., Terlabi E.O., Larbie C.	2012	International Journal of Shoulder Surgery	6	2	10.4103/2229-5119.96957	Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Arthur, F.K.N., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Woode, E., Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Terlabi, E.O., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Larbie, C., Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana	Introduction: Liver diseases and jaundice have continued to be a major health problem in the world's population with most conventional drugs not being adequate for treatment. The study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity and antijaundice property of aqueous extract of Annona muricata (Linn.) against carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4) and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rat model. Materials and Methods: Liver damage and hepatic jaundice were induced in experimental animals by administering CCl4 and acetaminophen after pretreatment with aqueous extract of A. muricata. The aqueous extract at 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg was administered for 7 days by oral route. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was given as the standard hepatoprotective drug. Hepatoprotective effect was studied by assaying the activity of serum marker enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, and triglycerides while antijaundice effect was assayed by measuring serum total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin concentration. Results: The activity of all the marker enzymes registered significant increases in CCl4- and acetaminophen-treated rats, decreases in cholesterol and triglyceride concentration, and increases in total and indirect bilirubin, an indication of hepatic jaundice. A. muricata at all doses significantly restored liver function toward normal levels which compared well against silymarin control. Histopathological analysis of liver sections confirmed biochemical investigations. Conclusion: The results indicate that leaves of A. muricata possess hepatoprotective activity and can treat hepatic jaundice.	acetaminophen; Annona muricata; carbon tetrachloride; jaundice	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903130516	Evaluation of the hepato and nephron-protective effect of a polyherbal mixture using wistar albino rats	Iroanya O.O., Adebesin O.A., Okpuzor J.	2014	Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research	8	6	10.7860/JCDR/2014/5875.4501	Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka - Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria	Iroanya, O.O., Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka - Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Adebesin, O.A., Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka - Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Okpuzor, J., Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka - Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria	Aim: A polyherbal formulation prepared from a mixture of leaves of Gongronema latifolia, Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina (GOV) was evaluated for hepato-nephro protective properties against acetaminophen-induced toxicity in Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: Normal Wistar albino rats were orally treated with different doses of GOV extract (2, 4 and 8 g/kg b. wt), distilled water and some standard hepatoprotective drugs such as Liv 52 and silymarin for 14 days. However, a day prior to the 14th day, 3 g/kg body weight dose of Acetaminophen (APAP) was administered p.o. 1h before GOV and the standard drugs to induce hepatic and renal damage. The normal control was setup which received only distilled water. The serum levels of liver marker enzymes, biochemical analytes, antioxidant enzymes and hematological parameters were monitored. Results: The results showed that pretreatment of experimental animals with a different doses of the polyherbal formulation dose dependently caused a significant (p≤0.05) increase in the levels of most of the measured hematological parameters but significantly (p≤0.05) reduced the levels of MCV and monocytes when compared to the APAP induced toxin control group. Rats pretreated with GOV exhibited significant (p&lt; 0.05) increase in serum levels of ALP, ALT, AST, GGT, LDH, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Urea and a subsequent decrease in Albumin, Creatine and Total protein when compared to the normal rats. This trend in enzyme and biochemical analytes levels were significantly (p&lt; 0.05) reversed when compared to toxin control group. GOV significantly (p&lt; 0.05) and dose dependently increased the serum, kidney and hepatic CAT, GPx, GSH, GST, SOD and total protein activity in APAP induced damage in rats compared to the toxin control groups. Conclusion: The data from this study suggest that the polyherbal formulation possess hepato and nephron-protective potential against acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in rats, thus providing scientific rationale for its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of liver diseases.	Acetaminophen; Antioxidant; Gongronema latifolia; Hepatotoxicity; Liver marker enzymes; Nephron-protective; Ocimum gratissimum; Vernonia amygdalina	alanine aminotransferase; albumin; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase; cholesterol; creatine; edetic acid; gamma glutamyltransferase; glutathione; glutathione peroxidase; glutathione transferase; hemoglobin; herbaceous agent; lactate dehydrogenase; liv 52; malonaldehyde; paracetamol; polyherbal extract; silymarin; superoxide dismutase; thiobarbituric acid reactive substance; triacylglycerol; unclassified drug; urea; acute toxicity; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antioxidant activity; Apocynaceae; article; controlled study; Gongronema latifolia; Gymnanthemum amygdalinum; hematocrit; hematological parameters; intoxication; kidney injury; leukocyte count; liver protection; liver toxicity; mean corpuscular hemoglobin; mean corpuscular volume; medicinal plant; nonhuman; Ocimum gratissimum; rat; renal protection; thrombocyte count	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870326106	Formulation development and comparative evaluation of acetaminophen suspension using polysaccaride derived from seed cotyledons of Irvingia wombolu	Onyishi V.I., Chime S.A., Odika F.C., Obitte N.C.	2012	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research	17	1	None	Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	Onyishi, V.I., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Chime, S.A., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Odika, F.C., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; Obitte, N.C., Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria	The aim of the study was to formulate acetaminophen paediatric suspension using gum from Irvingia wombolu as suspending agent. Gum extracts from Irvingia wombolu seed cotyledons was used at concentrations of 1.6 and 3% in acetaminophen paediatric suspension. The suspending properties of Irvingia wombolu gum were compared to the properties of its mixtures with acacia and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC). The phytochemical analysis of Irvingia wombolu gum and the effects of aging on the viscosity of the suspension formulations were studied. From the results, phytochemical analysis showed that the gum contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, tannins and glycosides. The rheological properties of the suspensions showed that the viscosity of the suspensions were stable and did not show significant reduction over time (p < 0.05). The results of sedimentation volume of suspension showed that batch K formulated with Irvingia wombolu gum alone exhibited high stability and hence showed low sedimentation rate over time. Suspensions formulated with Irvingia wombolu gum exhibited properties comparable to those formulations containing mixtures of the three suspending agents (p < 0.05). Therefore, Irvingia wombolu gum can be used alone or with mixtures of acacia and SCMC as suspending agents in acetaminophen suspension for paediatrics.	Acetaminophen; Gums; Irvingia wombolu; Paediatric suspension	alkaloid; carboxymethylcellulose; flavonoid; glycoside; paracetamol; polysaccharide; resin; saponin; steroid; tannin derivative; terpenoid; aging; article; controlled study; cotyledon; drug formulation; flow kinetics; Irvingia wombolu; mango; particle size; pH; phytochemistry; reaction time; sedimentation rate; suspension; temperature sensitivity; viscosity	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84956699999	Determining the impact of industrial wine yeast strains on organic acid production under white and red wine-like fermentation conditions	Chidi B.S., Rossouw D., Buica A.S., Bauer F.F.	2015	South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture	36	3	None	Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Oenology and Viticulture, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Chidi, B.S., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Oenology and Viticulture, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Rossouw, D., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Oenology and Viticulture, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Buica, A.S., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Oenology and Viticulture, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Bauer, F.F., Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Oenology and Viticulture, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, South Africa	Organic acids are a major contributor to wine flavour and aroma. In the past, the scientific focus has mostly been on organic acids derived from grapes or on the transformation of malic acid to lactic acid by lactic acid bacteria, since these acids contribute significantly to the final total acidity of wine. However, the organic acid concentration and composition also change significantly during alcoholic fermentation, yet only limited information regarding the impact of different yeast strains on these changes has been published. Here we report on changes in organic acid (malic, tartaric, citric, succinic, acetic and pyruvic) composition during fermentation by five widely used industrial wine yeast strains in a synthetic grape must (MS300) reflecting two very different, but both wine-like, fermentation conditions. Samples were obtained from three physiological stages during fermentation, namely the exponential growth phase (day 2), early stationary phase (day 5) and late stationary phase (day 14). These different stages were selected to provide more information on acid evolution throughout fermentation, as well as on the impact of nutritional and environmental conditions during aerobic and anaerobic fermentation. Among other observations, some strains (such as VIN13 and 285) were shown to be generally higher producers of most acids in white and/or red wine fermentation settings, while other strains (such as DV10) were generally lower acid producers. The data clearly demonstrate that different strains have different acid consumption and production patterns, and this presents a first step towards enabling winemakers to appropriately select strains for acid management during fermentation.	Acetic acid; Fermentation; Pyruvic acid; Succinic acid; Wine yeast	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-73749085582	Evaluation of the diuretic and analgesic activities of the rhizomes of Rumex abyssinicus Jacq in mice	Mekonnen T., Urga K., Engidawork E.	2010	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	127	2	10.1016/j.jep.2009.10.020	Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Mekonnen, T., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Urga, K., Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Engidawork, E., Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Aim of the study: Rumex abyssinicus Jacq (Polygonaceae) has been used traditionally for treatment of hypertension, inflammatory and painful conditions in Ethiopia. The present study aimed to evaluate the diuretic and analgesic activities of extracts of Rumex abyssinicus at different doses in mice. Materials and methods: The effect on urine volume and urinary electrolyte (Na+, K+ and Cl-) was assessed for a period of 5 h following oral administration of aqueous (500 mg/kg, 750 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg) or 80% methanolic (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg or 750 mg/kg) extract or furosemide (10 mg/kg). Acetic acid-induced writhing and hot-plate tests were employed to study the analgesic effect of 80% methanolic extracts (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg, P.O.) and compared with that of aspirin (100 mg/kg, P.O.) or morphine (10 mg/kg, sc). Results: The extracts displayed dose-dependent diuretic and analgesic effects. The highest doses of both extracts markedly and significantly increased (P &lt; 0.001) urine volume and urinary electrolytes, qualitatively similar to that of furosemide. 1000 mg/kg of the extract reduced the number of writhing by 67.6% (P &lt; 0.001) and conferred more than 70% protection against thermally induced pain stimuli after 45 min of treatment comparable to that of aspirin and morphine, respectively. Conclusion: These findings collectively indicate that the extracts exhibited significant diuretic and analgesic activities, providing evidence, at least in part, for its folkloric use. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Acetic acid-writhing test; Analgesic activity; Diuretic effect; Hot-plate test; Rumex abyssinicus	acetylsalicylic acid; analgesic agent; diuretic agent; furosemide; morphine; plant extract; Rumex abyssinicus extract; unclassified drug; acute toxicity; analgesic activity; animal experiment; animal model; article; chloride urine level; controlled study; diuretic activity; dose response; drug dose comparison; female; hot plate test; male; mouse; nonhuman; pain; potassium urine level; rhizome; Rumex; Rumex abyssinicus; sodium urine level; urinary excretion; urine volume; writhing test; Analgesics; Animals; Diuretics; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Mice; Pain; Pain Measurement; Plant Extracts; Rhizome; Rumex; Mus; Polygonaceae; Rumex abyssinicus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70350273382	Evaluation of the uterotonic activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Ficus exasperata vahl (Moraceae)	Bafor E.E., Omogbai E.K., Ozolua R.I.	2009	Research Journal of Medicinal Plant	3	2	10.3923/rjmp.2009.34.40	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria	Bafor, E.E., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria; Omogbai, E.K., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria; Ozolua, R.I., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City 300001, Nigeria	The leaves of Ficus exasperata Vahl Enum. Pl. vahl (Moraceae) are used by traditional healers in Southern Nigeria to arrest preterm contractions in pregnant women and are also used as abortifacients in some parts of Africa. In this study the purported uterotonic activity of the aqueous leaf extract of F. exasperata (AET) was investigated in vitro. AET was obtained from the fresh leaves of the plant. The effect of the extract on rhythmic spontaneous uterine contractions was investigated and the extract was also directly tested on uterine tissues. The effect of the extract was compared with those of acetylcholine. The extract, at concentrations ranging from 2.5×10-2 to 100×10-2 mg mL1, significantly increased the frequency (p&lt;0.05) but not the amplitude of spontaneous contractions and directly stimulated uterine contractions. Acetylcholine likewise, concentration-dependency stimulated uterine contractions and significantly increased the frequency (p&lt;0.05) of spontaneous contractions. The aqueous leaf extract of F. exasperata at the concentrations used in this study stimulates uterine contractility which may account for its use in easing childbirth in some parts of Africa. © 2009 Academic Journals Inc.	Acetylcholine; Aqueous extract; Ficus exasperata; Utems; Uterine contraction	acetylcholine; alkaloid derivative; anthracene derivative; cardiac glycoside; Ficus exasperata extract; flavanoid; plant extract; salbutamol; saponin; tannin derivative; unclassified drug; uterotonic agent; water; animal tissue; article; concentration response; controlled study; drug determination; drug inhibition; drug mechanism; drug potentiation; drug screening; female; Ficus; Ficus exasperata; in vitro study; isolated organ; nonhuman; phytochemistry; plant leaf; rat; uterus contractility; uterus contraction; Ficus exasperata; Moraceae	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-80054955815	Isolation of narciprimine from Cyrtanthus contractus (Amaryllidaceae) and evaluation of its acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity	Nair J.J., Aremu A.O., Van Staden J.	2011	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	137	3	10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.028	Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Nair, J.J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Aremu, A.O., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Van Staden, J., Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Plants of the family Amaryllidaceae are used widely in traditional medicine in South Africa. Several of these, including representatives of the genus Cyrtanthus find use in the treatment of mental illness and age-related dementia. Aim of the study: Based on the distribution of central nervous system-activating alkaloidal constituents within the genus Cyrtanthus, Cyrtanthus contractus was here explored for such compounds which could interact with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), of significance in the progression of neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease. Materials and methods: The known phenanthridone alkaloid narciprimine was isolated via column chromatography of the ethanolic extract of bulbs of Cyrtanthus contractus. The structure of the compound was determined by high field 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. The classical method of Ellman et al. was used in the determination of AChE inhibitory activity. Results: The isolation of narciprimine from Cyrtanthus contractus is a landmark find since it has previously only been identified in Zephyranthes, Narcissus and Lycoris, genera endemic to the Americas, Europe and Asia, respectively. Narciprimine exhibited micromolar inhibitory activity (IC 50 78.9) against the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Conclusion: This work represents the first isolation of narciprimine from an African Amaryllidaceae species, which may be of chemotaxonomic significance. The AChE inhibitory activity of narciprimine, taken together with activities of other structurally similar inhibitors within the series affords further insight to the structural details of the lycorine alkaloid acetylcholinesterase inhibitory pharmacophore. © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.	Acetylcholinesterase; Alkaloid; Amaryllidaceae; Cyrtanthus contractus; Narciprimine	acetylcholinesterase; cholinesterase inhibitor; narciprimine; plant medicinal product; unclassified drug; Alzheimer disease; article; column chromatography; Cyrtanthus contractus; drug activity; drug isolation; drug screening; drug structure; enzyme inhibition; mass spectrometry; medicinal plant; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; plant bulb; Acetylcholinesterase; Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids; Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Chromatography; Eels; Liliaceae; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Structure; Phenanthrenes; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Structure-Activity Relationship; Amaryllidaceae; Cyrtanthus; Lycoris; Narcissus; Zephyranthes	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960845763	Evaluation of sub-lethal effects of endosulfan on cortisol secretion, glutathione s-transferase and acetylcholinesterase activities in clarias gariepinus	Ezemonye L.I.N., Ikpesu T.O.	2011	Food and Chemical Toxicology	49	9	10.1016/j.fct.2010.10.025	Department of Animal and Environmental Biology (AEB), University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	Ezemonye, L.I.N., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology (AEB), University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Ikpesu, T.O., Department of Animal and Environmental Biology (AEB), University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria	The effects of endosulfan, a widely used organochlorine pesticide in the Niger-Delta ecological zone were examined on cortisol secretion, glutathione S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase enzymatic activities in the serum of a dominant fresh water fish species, Clarias gariepinus. Juveniles stage of C. gariepinus were used for the toxicity study. Lethal concentration of 50% mortality of sample (LC 50) was determined using semi-static method. From the result of the LC 50 determination lower concentrations of endosulfan were prepared for sub-lethal test. Ten fish per test concentration in three replicates were exposed to varying concentrations of endosulfan (0.00, 0.0025, 0.005, 0.0075 and 0.01) μg/L. Signs of stress and mortality were monitored during the experimental duration. Cortisol levels, GST and AChE activities were measured spectrophotometrically. No visible changes in behaviour and appearance were observed in the treated fishes and no mortality recorded. Significant (p&lt;0.05) declined in cortisol secretion was observed and the change in the concentration was dose and time dependent. Glutathione S-transferase activity was significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher than the control and the concentrations increase with increased in concentration and exposure duration. No clear trend was observed in acetylcholinesterase activity. The findings showed that the cortisol levels and GST activity of test organism were affected by the test chemical and therefore could be considered as a suitable marker to evaluate the effect of organochlorine pesticide on fish and other aquatic organisms. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.	Acetylcholinesterase; Clarias gariepinus; Cortisol; Endosulfan; Glutathione S-transferase; Niger-Delta	acetylcholinesterase; biological marker; endosulfan; glutathione transferase; hydrocortisone; animal experiment; article; biological monitoring; Clarias gariepinus; controlled study; ecotoxicity; enzyme activity; enzyme assay; fish; hydrocortisone blood level; hydrocortisone release; juvenile animal; LC 50; long term exposure; Nigeria; nonhuman; pesticide spraying; physical chemistry; physiological stress; spectrophotometry; toxicity testing; upregulation; Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Endosulfan; Fishes; Glutathione Transferase; Hydrocortisone; Pesticides; Clarias gariepinus; Pisces	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79960161803	The evaluation of the analgesic activity of the methanolic leaf extract of Jatropha curcas (Linn) in experimental animals	Yusuf O.S., Maxwell E.I.	2011	International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology	6	2	10.1504/IJBET.2011.041124	Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umu	Yusuf, O.S., Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria; Maxwell, E.I., Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Micheal Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria	This study evaluated the analgesic activity of the methanolic leaf extract of Jatropha curcas (Linn) in-vivo using analgesic models viz. hot plate method in mice, tail flick or immersion method in rats and the acetic acid-induced writhing reflex model in mice. In all the models, Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) was used as the reference drug. In the hot plate and tail flick models, the oral administration of J. curcas extract at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg and the reference drug ASA (400 mg/kg) showed potent analgesic effects by significantly (P < 0.001) increasing the Pain Reaction Time (PRT) dose dependently in mice and rats. Also the reference drug and the extract of J. curcas significantly (P < 0.0001) decreased the number of the abdominal Keywords: Jatropha curcas; hot plate; tail flick; writhing reflex; ASA; acetylsalicylic acid. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Yusuf, O.S. and Maxwell, E.I. (2011) 'The evaluation of the analgesic activity of the methanolic leaf extract of Jatropha curcas (Linn) in experimental animals', Int. J. Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp.200-207. Biographical notes: Omeh S. Yusuf is a Lecturer in Biochemistry and has BSc and MSc degrees, with specialisation in Medical/Plant Biochemistry. He is pursuing his PhD in Lipid Biochemistry, which is nearing completion. He is involved in research concerning medicinal plants. contortions in the acetic acid-induced writhing reflex in mice and increased the percentage protection in a dose dependent manner. In conclusion, this study indicates that the methanolic leaf extract of Jatropha curcas has significant analgesic properties and may be acting through both peripheral and central pain mechanisms. © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Acetylsalicylic acid; ASA; Hot plate; Jatropha curcas; Tail flick; Writhing reflex	Acetyl salicylic acid; ASA; Hot plates; Jatropha curcas; Tail flick; Writhing reflex; Acetic acid; Biochemistry; Biomedical engineering; Drug dosage; pH; Rats; Animals	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78649574777	Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of extract of Vernonia amygdalina	Georgewill U.O., Georgewill O.A.	2009	Eastern Journal of Medicine	14	1	None	Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria	Georgewill, U.O., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria; Georgewill, O.A., Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria	The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract of Vernonia amygdalina was investigated. Inflammatory response was induced by topical application of croton oil dissolved in suitable vehicle on the rat ear. After 6 hrs, cutting out the ear quantitated the response. The cut ear is weighed and the increase in weight relative to controls evaluated. Extract of V.amygdalina when co-applied with croton oil to the rat ear produced a reduction in the inflammatory response produced when croton oil alone was applied to the rat ear. The extract produced 67.10 + 2% reduction of the inflammatory response produced by croton oil alone, this was however lower than the 71.1 + 2% reduction of the inflammatory response produced by acetyl salicylic acid. This finding suggests that extract of V. amygdalina exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and may explain the usefulness of the leaves of this plant in the treatment of inflammatory disease conditions by traditional healers.	Acetyl salicylic acid; Croton oil; Inflammatory response; Vernonia amygdali	acetylsalicylic acid; croton oil; Vernonia amygdalina extract; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; antiinflammatory activity; article; controlled study; drug screening; female; male; nonhuman; organ weight; otitis; plant leaf; quantitative analysis; rat	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77949655143	Environmental, irrigation and fertilization impacts on the seed quality of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray)	Bekaardt C.R., Coffelt T.A., Fenwick J.R., Wiesner L.E.	2010	Industrial Crops and Products	31	3	10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.12.008	Agricultural Research Council, P/Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; U.S. Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85138, United States; Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, United States; National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, USDA-ARS, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, United States	Bekaardt, C.R., Agricultural Research Council, P/Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa; Coffelt, T.A., U.S. Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85138, United States; Fenwick, J.R., Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, United States; Wiesner, L.E., National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, USDA-ARS, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, United States	Guayule is a perennial shrub that originates from the Chihuahua desert. Currently stand establishment is by transplanting seedlings. In order for guayule commercialization to be more profitable, direct seeding methods need to be developed. For direct seeding to be practical factors affecting seed quality need to be identified. Guayule seed quality is highly variable. The objective of this study was to determine the seed quality of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) grown under various field conditions in Arizona, USA, and to determine the influence of irrigation frequency and fertilization management practices on seed quality. In experiment I guayule lines AZ-2, AZ-4, AZ-R2 and 11591 were compared at four locations in Arizona (Marana, Maricopa, Yuma Mesa and Yuma Valley). In experiment II guayule lines AZ-2 and 11591 were compared under three irrigation frequencies (40%, 60% and 80%) field capacity and fertilization at low and high levels of nitrogen, at Maricopa. Germination, embryo viability, empty achene production and achene moisture content were determined for harvested achenes. In experiment I a line × location interaction occurred for normal germination, empty achenes and achene fresh weight. Line AZ-4 had the highest germination of 59% at the Yuma Valley location. Empty achenes were the highest in Marana for line 11591 at 56%. In experiment II normal germination was affected by the line, irrigation and fertilization factors. The highest germination of 66% with line 11591, 55% at 60% irrigation and 56% at high fertilization was recorded. Empty achenes were the highest with line AZ-2 at 27%. Correlations of normal germination vs. maximum temperature, empty achenes vs. total rainfall and empty achenes vs. average wind speed were positive. Negative correlations occurred for empty achene vs. maximum temperature, normal germination vs. total rainfall and normal germination vs. average wind speed. The quality of guayule seed under both experimental conditions is severely decreased by empty achene production, which seems due to genetic variability and environmental conditions during flower bloom.	Achene; Fertilization; Guayule; Irrigation; Parthenium argentatum	Arizona; Arizona , USA; Direct-seeding; Environmental conditions; Experimental conditions; Fertilization; Field capacity; Field conditions; Flower bloom; Fresh weight; Genetic variability; Irrigation frequency; Management practices; Maximum temperature; Moisture contents; Negative correlation; Parthenium argentatum; Perennial shrubs; Seed quality; Stand establishment; Total rainfall; Wind speed; Experiments; Landforms; Location; Profitability; Seed; Wind effects; Irrigation; commercialization; fertilizer application; genetic variation; germination; irrigation system; nitrogen; seedling; shrub; transplantation; wind velocity; Chihuahuan Desert; Parthenium argentatum; Yuma; crop production; environmental management; genetic modification; harvesting; moisture content; production management; profitability; seed	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77953132065	Effects of computer-assisted instruction on performance of senior high school biology students in Ghana	Owusu K.A., Monney K.A., Appiah J.Y., Wilmot E.M.	2010	Computers and Education	55	2	10.1016/j.compedu.2010.04.001	Department of Science and Mathematics Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; School of Biological Sciences, Department of Entomology and Wildlife, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	Owusu, K.A., Department of Science and Mathematics Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Monney, K.A., School of Biological Sciences, Department of Entomology and Wildlife, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Appiah, J.Y., Department of Science and Mathematics Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Wilmot, E.M., Department of Science and Mathematics Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana	This study investigated the comparative efficiency of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) and conventional teaching method in biology on senior high school students. A science class was selected in each of two randomly selected schools. The pretest-posttest non equivalent quasi experimental design was used. The students in the experimental group learned science concepts (cell cycle) through the CAI, whereas the students in the control group were taught the same concepts by the conventional approach. The conventional approach consisted of lecture, discussions and question and answer teaching methods. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze students' pretest and posttests scores. The results indicated that students that were instructed by the conventional approach performed better on the posttest than those instructed by the CAI. However, the performance of low achievers within the experimental group improved after they were instructed by the CAI. Even though the CAI group did not perform better than the conventional approach group, the students in the CAI group perceived CAI to be interesting when they were interviewed. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.	Achievement; Cell cycle; Computer-assisted instruction; Conventional approach; ICT and senior high school	Cell cycle; Computer Assisted Instruction; Control groups; Conventional approach; Experimental design; Experimental groups; High school; High school students; Mann-Whitney U test; Teaching methods; Computer crime; Students; Computer aided instruction	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78751640621	Study methods for improving quality learning and performance in higher education	Mutsotso S.N., Abenga E.S.B.	2010	Educational Research and Reviews	5	12	None	Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 190, Kakamege - 50100, Kenya	Mutsotso, S.N., Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 190, Kakamege - 50100, Kenya; Abenga, E.S.B., Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 190, Kakamege - 50100, Kenya	Education is an investment to development and poor study methods should not compromise the mandate of higher education institutions to generate, preserve and disseminate knowledge and produce high quality graduates. Universities admit students with varying backgrounds in terms of learning/study styles, levels of preparedness and concepts of university education. Some were "drilled", spoon fed, taught for exams, or have wrong purposes/values of university learning. These negatively impact on their study skills and achievement. In complementing the role played by academic staff, students need to be conscious of their personality and study ethics as they influence studying. It is futile to teach well while students lack the fundamentals to conceptualize and internalize the new knowledge. This paper proposes a paradigm shift in study methods and suggests strategies for both the lecturers and the students in universities towards improved learning and performance. The paper is based on the "distributed learning approach" to adequately cater for individual differences that exist among the students. The model is significant for university students, most of whom begin serious studying on realization that examinations are around the corner. This causes stress, confusion and tendency to cheat in examinations. Distributed learning model will address the study space needs and the efficiency and effectiveness of study methods. © 2010 Academic Journals.	Achievement; Distributed learning; Learning performance; Study methods	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84875995518	Impact of reciprocal peer-tutoring on secondary school students' achievement in large physics classes in Nigeria	Oludipe B.D.	2009	Ubiquitous Learning	1	2	None	Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun, Nigeria	Oludipe, B.D., Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun, Nigeria	This study investigated the impact of Reciprocal peer-tutoring on senior secondary students' Achievement in large Physics classes in Nigeria. It adopted the pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design. One hundred and ninetyfour intact class of students (112 males and 82females) with a mean age of 15.7 years, SD= 1.7 from four co-educational secondary schools in Edo State, Nigeria constituted the sample for the study. A Physics Achievement Test (PAT) consisting of fifty items in multiple-choice format was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and t-test. Results revealed that reciprocal peer tutoring improved students' achievement in Physics in large classes significantly. However, no significant effect of reciprocal peer-tutoring on gender was found. The findings from this study tend to suggest that reciprocal peer-tutoring could be a panacea for dealing with the problems of Physics achievement deficits in large class sizes. In effect, policy makers may not need to bother reducing large class sizes but encourage Physics teachers to employ reciprocal peer-tutoring to facilitate students' learning. © Common Ground, Bimbola D. Oludipe, All Rights Reserved.	Achievement; Large class size; Peer-tutoring; Physics; Reciprocal teaching; Secondary school	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84903473830	Effects of three cooperative learning strategies on the performance of secondary school students in physics	Gambari I.A., Yusuf M.O.	2014	Chemistry	23	3	None	Department of Science Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Department of Educational Technology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	Gambari, I.A., Department of Science Education, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria; Yusuf, M.O., Department of Educational Technology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria	This study investigated the effects of three co-operative learning strategies on the performance of secondary students in physics. It also examined whether the performance of the students would vary with gender and achievement levels. Purposive sampling technique was used to select two senior secondary (SSS II) physics students from two intact classes in the selected four secondary schools in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. The students were in STAD (n = 48), Jigsaw II (n = 42), TAI (n = 41), and ICI (n = 38) groups. Computer-Assisted Learning Package (CALP) and Physics Achievement Test (PAT) were used as treatment and test instruments respectively. Analysis of Covariance and Scheffe test were used for data analysis. Findings indicated that there was significant difference in the performance of the groups. In addition, students' gender had no influence on their performances. Also, achievement levels had significant influence on students' performance in cooperative settings. Based on the findings, it was recommended among other that teachers should be encouraged to use computer-supported cooperative strategies in the classroom for teaching physics concepts.	Achievement level; Computer in education; Gender; ICI; Jigsaw II; STAD; TAI	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84919871364	Dissociation between running economy and running performance in elite Kenyan distance runners	Mooses M., Mooses K., Haile D.W., Durussel J., Kaasik P., Pitsiladis Y.P.	2015	Journal of Sports Sciences	33	2	10.1080/02640414.2014.926384	University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom	Mooses, M., University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Mooses, K., University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Haile, D.W., Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya; Durussel, J., Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Kaasik, P., University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Pitsiladis, Y.P., Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya, School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom	The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between running economy (RE) and performance in a homogenous group of competitive Kenyan distance runners. Maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) (68.8 ± 3.8 ml∙kg−1∙min−1) was determined on a motorised treadmill in 32 Kenyan (25.3 ± 5.0 years; IAAF performance score: 993 ± 77 p) distance runners. Leg anthropometry was assessed and moment arm of the Achilles tendon determined. While Achilles moment arm was associated with better RE (r2 = 0.30, P = 0.003) and upper leg length, total leg length and total leg length to body height ratio were correlated with running performance (r = 0.42, P = 0.025; r = 0.40, P = 0.030 and r = 0.38, P = 0.043, respectively), RE and maximal time on treadmill (tmax) were not associated with running performance (r = −0.01, P = 0.965; r = 0.27; P = 0.189, respectively) in competitive Kenyan distance runners. The dissociation between RE and running performance in this homogenous group of runners would suggest that RE can be compensated by other factors to maintain high performance levels and is in line with the idea that RE is only one of many factors explaining elite running performance. © 2014, © 2014 Taylor & Francis.	Achilles moment arm; anthropometric characteristics; Kenyan distance runners; maximal oxygen uptake; running economy; running performance	achilles tendon; adult; anatomy and histology; body height; body mass; competitive behavior; endurance; exercise test; human; Kenya; leg; male; oxygen consumption; physiology; running; young adult; Achilles Tendon; Adult; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Competitive Behavior; Exercise Test; Humans; Kenya; Leg; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Endurance; Running; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84866050827	Evaluation of in vivo wound healing activity of methanol extract of Achyranthes aspera L.	Fikru A., Makonnen E., Eguale T., Debella A., Abie Mekonnen G.	2012	Journal of Ethnopharmacology	143	2	10.1016/j.jep.2012.06.049	Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Akililu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pathology, National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box, 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia	Fikru, A., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia; Makonnen, E., Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Eguale, T., Akililu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Debella, A., Department of Drug Research, Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Abie Mekonnen, G., Department of Pathology, National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box, 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia	Ethnopharmacological relevance: The leaves of Achyranthes aspera L. (Amarenthacea) has been used traditionally for the treatment of wound in various parts of Ethiopia. However, the plant has not been explored scientifically for its wound healing activity. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the wound healing activity of methanol extract of Achyranthes aspera L. leaves in rats. Materials and methods: Incision and excision wounds were inflicted on albino rats of either sex, under diethyl ether anesthesia. Group I served as positive control and was treated with 1% silver sulphadiazine, group II, III, IV treated with simple ointment containing 2.5%, 5% and 10% (w/w) methanol extract of the leaves of Achyranthes aspera L.; respectively, whereas group V served as negative control and was treated with simple ointment. All the animals were treated topically once a day. Wound healing potential was assessed with excision and incision wound model. Excision wound model was used to assess the change in percentage contraction of wound, epithelization time, DNA content and histological features whereas rats inflicted with the incision wounds were used to determine breaking strength. Results: Based on the results of percentage wound contraction, the DNA content and epithelization time, all groups of rats treated with methanol extract of the leaves of Achyranthes aspera L. showed significant (p<0.05) wound healing activity compared to group of rats treated with simple ointment (negative control) group. The difference in breaking strength was, however, significant (p<0.05) only for the 5% and 10% methanol extract of Achyranthes aspera (w/w) ointment treated groups. Histological evaluation showed well organized epidermal layer, increased number of fibrocytes, remarkable degree of neovascularization and epithelization which was comparable to the standard on the 21st day after treatment; especially in the 5% and 10% (w/w) extract treated group. Conclusion: The present study provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use of the leaf extracts of Achyranthes aspera L. in the treatment of wound. © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.	Achyranthes aspera L.; In vivo; Methanol; Rats; Wound healing	Achyranthes aspera extract; ether; sulfadiazine silver; wound healing promoting agent; Achyranthes aspera; animal experiment; animal model; article; controlled study; DNA content; epidermis; epithelization; excision; female; in vivo study; incision; male; medicinal plant; nonhuman; plant leaf; rat; wound contraction; wound healing; Achyranthes; Animals; DNA; Ethiopia; Female; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Methanol; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Skin; Solvents; Wound Healing; Achyranthes aspera; Animalia; Rattus	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-62349083377	Impact of aciclovir on genital and plasma HIV-1 RNA in HSV-2/HIV-1 co-infected women: A randomized placebo-controlled trial in South Africa	Delany S., Mlaba N., Clayton T., Akpomiemie G., Capovilla A., Legoff J., Belec L., Stevens W., Rees H., Mayaud P.	2009	AIDS	23	4	10.1097/QAD.0b013e32831db217	Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Clinical Research Unit and Medical Statistics Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, France; Université Paris V, Centres de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers and Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 18512, Hillbrow, Johannesburg 2038, South Africa	Delany, S., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Clinical Research Unit and Medical Statistics Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Box 18512, Hillbrow, Johannesburg 2038, South Africa; Mlaba, N., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Clayton, T., Clinical Research Unit and Medical Statistics Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Akpomiemie, G., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Capovilla, A., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Legoff, J., Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, France; Belec, L., Université Paris V, Centres de Recherches Biomédicales des Cordeliers and Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Stevens, W., Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Rees, H., Reproductive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Mayaud, P., Clinical Research Unit and Medical Statistics Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom	Background: Several studies suggest that herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) may enhance HIV-1 transmission and disease progression. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of aciclovir 400 mg twice daily for 3 months in 300 HSV-2/HIV-1 co-infected women not yet on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Participants were evaluated prerandomization and at monthly visits for 3 months. Primary outcomes were the detection and quantity of genital HIV-1 RNA at the month 3 (M3) visit. Analyses were also undertaken using data from all visits. The treatment effects on plasma HIV-1 RNA, CD4 + cell count and genital HSV-2 DNA were also assessed. Results: At M3 fewer women had detectable genital HIV in the aciclovir group compared to placebo, but this was not significant [61/132 (46%) vs. 71/137 (52%), risk ratio (RR) 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70-1.14; P = 0.36]. There was also little difference in quantity of HIV-1 RNA among shedders(+0.13 log 10 copies/ml, 95% CI -0.14 to 0.39) at M3. However, aciclovir significantly decreased the frequency of HIV-1 shedding over all visits [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.57, 95% CI 0.36-0.89]. Significant reductions in M3 plasma HIV-1 RNA (-0.34 log 10 copies/ml, 95% CI 0.15-0.54), genital HSV-2 DNA (8 vs. 20%, RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.19-0.73) and genital ulceration (8 vs. 18%, RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.22-0.84) were observed in the aciclovir group. Conclusion: HSV-2 suppressive therapy, by reducing HIV-1 plasma viral load and altering the pattern of genital HIV-1 shedding, may contribute to the reduction in sexual transmission of HIV-1 and may delay the requirement for HAART initiation. © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health|Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins.	Aciclovir; Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2); HIV-1; Randomized controlled trial; South Africa; Suppressive therapy	aciclovir; placebo; virus DNA; virus RNA; adult; article; CD4 lymphocyte count; clinical trial; concurrent infection; controlled clinical trial; controlled study; disease course; double blind procedure; drug efficacy; female; genital herpes; genital ulcer; Herpes simplex virus 2; human; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; major clinical study; priority journal; randomized controlled trial; treatment outcome; virus transmission; Acyclovir; Adult; Antiviral Agents; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cervix Uteri; DNA, Viral; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Herpes Genitalis; Herpesvirus 2, Human; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Middle Aged; RNA, Viral; Sexual Behavior; Specimen Handling; Treatment Outcome; Vagina; Virus Shedding; Young Adult	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-79952004024	Performance of sewer pipe concrete mixtures with portland and calcium aluminate cements subject to mineral and biogenic acid attack	Alexander M.G., Fourie C.	2011	Materials and Structures/Materiaux et Constructions	44	1	10.1617/s11527-010-9629-1	Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	Alexander, M.G., Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Fourie, C., University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa	The paper reports on the performance of a series of sewer pipe concrete mixtures and cementitious lining mixtures in acid environments. Binder types based on ordinary portland cement (OPC) and calcium aluminate cement (CAC) were used, with both acid-soluble and acid-insoluble aggregates and various supplementary cementitious materials (SCM). One series of tests subjected the mixtures to pure mineral acid (hydrochloric acid, pH = 1), using a specially designed dynamic test rig. The other series of tests involved monitoring specimens placed in a live sewer under very aggressive conditions induced by acid-generating bacteria. Under mineral acid attack on concretes with conventional dolomite aggregates, OPC/silica fume concretes displayed best performance, attributed to their densified microstructure coupled with substantially improved ITZ. CAC concretes with dolomite aggregate did not perform any better than similar OPC specimens under these conditions, primarily because of their higher porosity. However, with concretes using synthetic alagTM aggregates in mineral acid testing, CAC/alagTM mixtures performed exceptionally well due to their homogeneous microstructure, inferred absence of an ITZ, and slower dissolution and finer size of alag TM aggregate particles. The dynamic acid test was able to reveal differences in physical and chemical interactions between constituents in concrete mixes. Under biogenic acid conditions in the sewer, CAC concretes clearly outperformed OPC concretes. This is ascribed to the ability of CAC to stifle the metabolism of the acid-generating bacteria, thereby reducing acid generation. Thus the effects of neutralisation capacity and stifling of bacterial activity need to be distinguished in designing concrete mixtures to provide good acid resistance. Relative rates of dissolution of binder and aggregates are also important in overall performance, with uniform rates preferable in order to avoid aggregate fallout. © 2010 RILEM Résumé: Cet article présente des séries d'essais visant à évaluer la résistance à la corrosion acide de différents bétons et mortiers de protection utilisés pour les tuyaux d'assainissement. Les types de liant sont du Ciment Portland (OPC) et du ciment d'aluminate de calcium (CAC), combinés à des granulats soit solubles dans l'acide soit insolubles, avec ou sans ajouts minéraux (SCM). Dans une première série de tests, les bétons sont soumis à un acide minéral pur (acide chlorydrique, pH = 1) à l'aide d'un montage dynamique spécialement conçu pour ce programme. Une deuxième série d'essais consiste à suivre des éprouvettes exposées dans un réseau d'égout en service, dans des conditions très sévères de corrosion biogénique induites par les bactéries produisant de l'acide. Soumises à la corrosion par l'acide minéral, les éprouvettes de béton OPC/fumée de silice avec des granulats dolomitiques ont montré la meilleure performance, probablement en raison d'une microstructure plus dense et d'une auréole de transition (ITZ) nettement améliorée. Les bétons de CAC avec granulats dolomitiques n'ont pas pré senté une meilleure performance par rapport aux bétons de Portland dans cet essai, probablement en raison d'une plus grande porosité. A l'inverse, les bétons de CAC/granulats ALAGTM ont exceptionnellement bien résisté au test à l'acide minéral, en raison à l'homogénéité de la microstructure, de l'absence d'auréole de transition, d'une dissolution plus lente et de la taille réduite des particules de granulats ALAG TM. Le test dynamique de résistance à la corrosion acide a permis de mettre en évidence les différences dans les interactions physiques et chimiques entre les constituants des bétons. Dans les conditions de corrosion acide d'origine biogénique en réseau d'assainissement, les bétons de CAC ont clairement mieux tenu que les bétons d'OPC. Cela est attribué à la capacité des CAC de freiner le métabolisme des bactéries produisant de l'acide, réduisant ainsi la production d'acide. En conséquence, les paramètres de capacité de neutralisation et de réduction de l'activité biologique doivent être distingués dans la conception d'une formule de bétons pour obtenir une bonne résistance à la corrosion acide. Les taux relatifs de dissolution du liant et des granulats sont aussi importants dans la performance globale, des taux similaires étant préférable pour éviter le déchaussement des granulats. © 2010 RILEM.	Acid attack; Acid resistance; AlagTM aggregates; Biogenic; Calcium aluminate cement; Concrete sewer pipes; Performance	Acid attack; Alag aggregates; Biogenic; Calcium aluminate cement; Concrete sewer pipes; Performance; Agglomeration; Bacteriology; Binders; Calcium; Concrete aggregates; Concrete construction; Concrete mixers; Concrete pipe; Concretes; Corrosion; Dissolution; Hydrochloric acid; Microstructure; Minerals; Mixtures; Portland cement; Sewers; Silicate minerals; Testing; Acid resistance	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-78349277262	Investigation of potential water quality and quantity impacts associated with mining of the shallow Waterberg coal reserves, west of the Daarby Fault, Limpopo Province, South Africa	Bester M., Vermeulen P.D.	2010	Water SA	36	5	None	Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Bester, M., Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Vermeulen, P.D., Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	From South African and international experience, it is known that coal mining has a pronounced impact on surface and groundwater quality and quantity. The influx of water may be as low as 1% of rainfall for underground mines to as much as 20% for opencast mines. Such differences may influence the quantity and quality of surface water and groundwater resources at the local scale and further afield. The Waterberg coal reserves represent the only area with proven coal reserves which are still available for development in South Africa. These reserves are targeted for large-scale mining in the near future, and are situated in a relatively dry part of South Africa. In view of the low rainfall and limited surface water resources, the necessary level of safeguard measures to ensure the quantity and quality of existing water resources is unclear. Experience from other areas cannot necessarily be extrapolated directly. A scoping level study was performed to consolidate the existing information on the geohydrology and pre-mining water quantity and quality of water resources associated with the Waterberg coal reserves. New data regarding water quality and acid-base potential for the different geological areas (through field investigations) and geology and mining methods were obtained. Findings showed a significant likely impact on groundwater resources, with a potential for generation of acid mine drainage, although low transmissivities will in all probability prevent decant after back-filling is complete.	Acid-base accounting; Geohydrological modeling; Recharge; Water quality; Water quantity; Waterberg coalfield	Acid-base accounting; Coal fields; Geohydrological modeling; Recharge; Water quantity; Acids; Coal; Coal industry; Groundwater; Groundwater resources; Hydrogeology; Mining; Rain; Runoff; Surface water resources; Water pollution; Water quality; Coal deposits; acid mine drainage; backfill; coal mining; fieldwork; quantitative analysis; rainfall; recharge; water quality; water resource; Limpopo; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84888879495	Evaluation of Persea Americana green extract inhibitory performance on aluminium alloy in 1 M H2SO4s/3.65% NaCl acid-chloride solutions	Popoola A.P.I., Fayomi O.S.I., Adeleke A.A.	2013	Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment	17	12	None	Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	Popoola, A.P.I., Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Fayomi, O.S.I., Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; Adeleke, A.A., Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa	The effect of Persea Americana (PA) hexane juice extract on the corrosion behavior of aluminium in 1M H2SO4 contaminated with 3.65% NaCl (acid-chloride) has been studied by linear potentiodynamic polarization and gravimetric measurements. The morphological behavior and the degradation process at the interface were examined with OPM and SEM/EDX analysis. The results obtained indicated that inhibition efficiency generally decreased with the increase in test duration and that increase in percent inhibitor caused alternating increase and decrease in the corrosion rate. This alternating decrease and increase may be due to the deposition of corrosion products in the contaminated solution and on the surface of the specimen which might be an indication of the impotency of the inhibitor to maintain a cohesive, stable oxide film on the aluminium surface in the presence of acid-chloride ions. The Tafel parameters of inhibition efficiency, corrosion current density and anodic and cathodic constants showed that the PA inhibitor only works effectively at a higher PA while below this; there is dramatic acceleration of corrosion rate of Aluminium in the simulated acid-chloride environment instead of reducing it. It is recommended that PA use as an inhibitor be further examined under other corrosive simulated environments or rather be used at higher concentration.	Acidchloride; Aluminium; Corrosion; Environment; Persea Americana	alloy; aluminum; corrosion; deposition; interface; morphology; native species; parameterization; sodium chloride; surface; tree	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84938201454	Performance assessment of poly (methacrylic acid)/silver nanoparticles composite as corrosion inhibitor for aluminium in acidic environment	Solomon M.M., Umoren S.A.	2015	Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology	29	21	10.1080/01694243.2015.1066235	Corrosion Protection and Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Centre of Research Excellence in Corrosion, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia	Solomon, M.M., Corrosion Protection and Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria; Umoren, S.A., Centre of Research Excellence in Corrosion, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia	This article reports the preparation of poly (methacrylic acid)/silver nanoparticles composite (PMAA/AgNPs) by in situ mixing of aqueous solutions of PMAA and 1 mM AgNO<inf>3</inf> with natural honey as reducing and stabilizing agent. The prepared PMAA/AgNPs composite was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) while the morphology of the AgNPs in the composite was obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM results revealed that the AgNPs were spherical in shape. The performance of PMAA/AgNPs composite as anticorrosion material for Al in acidic environment was examined by electrochemical, weight loss methods, complemented by surface analysis characterization with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDS and water contact angle measurements. Results obtained indicate that PMAA/AgNPs composite is effective corrosion inhibitor for Al in an acid-induced corrosive environment. Inhibition efficiency increased with increase in composite concentration but decreased with rise in temperature. From potentiodynamic polarization results, PMAA/AgNPs composite is found to function as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor. The adsorption of the composite onto Al surface was found to follow El-Awady et al. adsorption isotherm model. SEM, EDS and water contact angle results confirmed the adsorption of the composite on Al surface. © 2015 Taylor and Francis.	acid corrosion; aluminium; composite; corrosion inhibition; nanoparticles; poly (methacrylic acid)	Adsorption; Aluminum; Composite materials; Contact angle; Corrosion; Electron microscopy; Energy dispersive spectroscopy; High resolution transmission electron microscopy; Nanoparticles; Scanning electron microscopy; Solutions; Surface analysis; Transmission electron microscopy; X ray diffraction; Acid corrosion; Adsorption isotherm model; Anti-corrosion materials; Corrosion inhibition; Energy dispersive spectroscopies (EDS); Performance assessment; Poly (methacrylic acid); Water contact angle measurement; Corrosion inhibitors	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84897376195	Characterization and evaluation of acid-modified starch of Dioscorea oppositifolia (Chinese yam) as a binder in chloroquine phosphate tablets	Okunlola A., Akingbala O.	2013	Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences	49	4	10.1590/S1984-82502013000400009	Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Okunlola, A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Akingbala, O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Chinese yam (Dioscorea oppositifolia) starch modified by acid hydrolysis was characterized and compared with native starch as a binder in chloroquine phosphate tablet formulations. The physicochemical and compressional properties (using density measurements and the Heckel and Kawakita equations) of modified Chinese yam starch were determined, and its quantitative effects as a binder on the mechanical and release properties of chloroquine phosphate were analyzed using a 23 full factorial design. The nature (X1), concentration of starch (X2) and packing fraction (X3) were taken as independent variables and the crushing strength-friability ratio (CSFR), disintegration time (DT) and dissolution time (t80) as dependent variables. Acid-modified Chinese yam starch showed a marked reduction (p&lt;0.05) in amylose content and viscosity but increased swelling and water-binding properties. The modified starch had a faster onset and greater amount of plastic flow. Changing the binder from native to acid-modified form led to significant increases (p&lt;0.05) in CSFR and DT but a decrease in t80. An increase in binder concentration and packing fraction gave similar results for CSFR and DT only. These results suggest that acid-modified Chinese yam starches may be useful as tablet binders when high bond strength and fast dissolution are required.	Acid hydrolysis; Chinese yam/starch/binding properties; Dioscorea oppositifolia/pharmaceutics; Drugs/release; Factorial design	amylose; chloroquine; starch; article; carbohydrate analysis; concentration (parameters); crushing strength; crushing strength friability ratio; Dioscorea oppositifolia; drug binding; drug release; drug solubility; hydrolysis; physical chemistry; tablet disintegration time; tablet formulation; tablet friability; tablet property; viscosity; yam	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84898487791	Preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae strains in nodulating hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) in the sandy soils of Zimbabwe	Tumbure A., Wuta M., Mapanda F.	2013	South African Journal of Plant and Soil	30	4	10.1080/02571862.2013.868536	Soil Productivity Research Laboratory, Department of Research and Specialist Services, Private Bag 3757, Marondera, Zimbabwe; Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Marondera College of Agricultural Science and Technology, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box 35, Marondera, Zimbabwe	Tumbure, A., Soil Productivity Research Laboratory, Department of Research and Specialist Services, Private Bag 3757, Marondera, Zimbabwe, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Wuta, M., Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe, Marondera College of Agricultural Science and Technology, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box 35, Marondera, Zimbabwe; Mapanda, F., Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, PO Box MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) is an introduced temperate forage legume in Zimbabwe that has no locally available commercial inoculant. In this study, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae strains MAR 1504, MAR 833 and MAR 346 available in Zimbabwe's strain bank were evaluated for nodulation and N2-fixing effectiveness in a sandy soil (Typic Kandiustalf). There was no significant difference in hairy vetch biomass (range: 3.4-4.5 g pot-1) and nitrogen (N) content between plants in acidic and limed soil, showing that soil acidity was not a major problem for hairy vetch productivity in the short term. Inoculation with R. leguminosarum significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) biomass production (range: 0.37-3.11 t ha-1) and enhanced N2 fixation of hairy vetch compared to the uninoculated control, which had no nodules and significantly less biomass. Hairy vetch fixed up to 66.5 kg N ha-1 in the field, and this amount may be made available for cereal crops as green manure. From the strains tested, MAR 833 and MAR1504 were more effective than MAR 346 in increasing the amount of N2 fixed per unit area and are thus recommended for further multilocation field testing in farmer's fields to allow conclusive identification of strains to use in commercial inoculant production. Copyright © 2013 Combined Congress Continuing Committee.	Acidic sandy soil; Biological nitrogen fixation; Hairy vetch; Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae	acid soil; biological production; biomass; forage; inoculation; legume; manure; microbial activity; nitrogen fixation; nodulation; performance assessment; rhizobacterium; sandy soil; Zimbabwe	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57049149645	Impact of the copper solvent extraction reagent LIX 984N on the growth and activity of selected acidophiles	Watling H.R., Perrot F.A., Shiers D.W., Grosheva A., Richards T.N.	2009	Hydrometallurgy	95	42433	10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.07.004	Parker Centre for Integrated Hydrometallurgy Solutions, CSIRO Minerals, PO Box 7229, Karawara, WA 6152, Australia; Laboratory of Chemical Thermodynamics, Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonossov State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town, South Africa	Watling, H.R., Parker Centre for Integrated Hydrometallurgy Solutions, CSIRO Minerals, PO Box 7229, Karawara, WA 6152, Australia; Perrot, F.A., Parker Centre for Integrated Hydrometallurgy Solutions, CSIRO Minerals, PO Box 7229, Karawara, WA 6152, Australia; Shiers, D.W., Parker Centre for Integrated Hydrometallurgy Solutions, CSIRO Minerals, PO Box 7229, Karawara, WA 6152, Australia; Grosheva, A., Laboratory of Chemical Thermodynamics, Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonossov State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation; Richards, T.N., Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701 Cape Town, South Africa	The effects of the copper extractant LIX 984N 20% v/v in Shellsol 2046 on the abilities of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans to catalyse copper extraction from a chalcopyrite concentrate and to oxidise ferrous ion to ferric ion were compared and the possible role of Acidiphilium cryptum in ameliorating the effects of the SX reagent was examined. The SX reagent up to 250 mg/L was found to have little impact on the extraction of copper from a chalcopyrite concentrate using At. ferrooxidans. In contrast, with S. thermosulfidooxidans, copper extraction was reduced to about one third in the presence of 50 mg/L SX reagent and at 250 mg/L SX reagent, was barely more than for an abiotic test. The SX reagent strongly inhibited ferrous ion biooxidation by several bacterial species in contrast to At. ferrooxidans. The presence of 50 mg/L SX reagent caused oxidation rates to drop to between 0 and 12% of those in controls in approximately 40-hour tests. The most toxic component of the SX reagent was found to be 4-nonylphenol. A. cryptum tolerated 250 mg/L SX reagent but did not utilise it as an energy source. Bioleaching of chalcopyrite concentrate was not enhanced significantly when A. cryptum was added to test inocula. It is proposed that A. cryptum utilises fungal biomass as an energy source in managed heaps with solution recycle via solvent extraction plants. While it shares the environment with iron- and sulfur-oxidising acidophiles, it does not contribute directly to copper extraction from sulfide minerals. Crown Copyright © 2008.	Acidiphilium; Acidithiobacillus; Bioleaching; Ferrous ion oxidation; Organic reagents; Sulfobacillus	Bioleaching; Biomass; Chemical oxygen demand; Copper; Copper compounds; Extraction; Ions; Iron; Oxidation; Phenols; Renewable energy resources; Solvent extraction; Solvents; Sulfide minerals; Sulfur; Acidiphilium; Acidithiobacillus; Ferrous ion oxidation; Organic reagents; Sulfobacillus; Rate constants	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84889087057	Evaluation of the microbial community, acidity and proximate composition of akamu, a fermented maize food	Obinna-Echem P.C., Kuri V., Beal J.	2014	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture	94	2	10.1002/jsfa.6264	School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, PMB 5080, Nigeria	Obinna-Echem, P.C., School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, PMB 5080, Nigeria; Kuri, V., School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom; Beal, J., School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom	BACKGROUND: Akamu is a lactic acid-fermented cereal-based food that constitutes a major infant complementary food in most West African countries. The identities of LAB populations from DGGE analysis and conventionally isolated LAB and yeasts from traditionally fermented akamu were confirmed by PCR sequencing analysis. The relationships between pH, acidity and lactic acid levels and proximate composition of the akamu samples were investigated. RESULTS: The LAB communities in the akamu samples comprised mainly Lactobacillus species, including Lb. fermentum, Lb. plantarum, Lb. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Lb. helveticus, as well as Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris. Identified yeasts were Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans, Clavispora lusitaniae and Saccharomyces paradoxus. Low pH (3.22-3.95) was accompanied by high lactic acid concentrations (43.10-84.29 mmol kg-1). Protein (31.88-74.32 g kg-1) and lipid (17.74-36.83 g kg-1) contents were negatively correlated with carbohydrate content (897.48-926.20 g kg-1, of which ≤1 g kg-1 was sugars). Ash was either not detected or present only in trace amounts (≤4 g kg-1). Energy levels ranged from 17.29 to 18.37 kJ g-1. CONCLUSION: The akamu samples were predominantly starchy foods and had pH &lt; 4.0 owing to the activities of fermentative LAB. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.	Acidity; Akamu; Lactic acid bacteria; Proximate composition; Yeasts	Bacteria (microorganisms); Candida albicans; Candida tropicalis; Clavispora lusitaniae; Lactobacillus; Lactococcus lactis; Saccharomyces paradoxus; Zea mays; lactic acid; acidity; akamu; article; bacterial count; chemistry; diet; fermentation; food control; genetics; human; lactic acid bacterium; Lactobacillus; maize; microbiology; microflora; pH; plant seed; polymerase chain reaction; proximate composition; yeast; acidity; akamu; lactic acid bacteria; proximate composition; yeasts; Colony Count, Microbial; Diet; Fermentation; Food Microbiology; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Lactobacillus; Microbiota; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Seeds; Yeasts; Zea mays	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-70149092759	Evaluation of pH levels in some common carbohydrate food items consumed by communities in the Central Senatorial District of Cross River State, South-South of Nigeria	Tawo E.N., Abara A.E., Malu S.P., Alobi N.O.	2009	Pakistan Journal of Nutrition	8	9	10.3923/pjn.2009.1387.1390	Department of Chemical Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria	Tawo, E.N., Department of Chemical Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria; Abara, A.E., Department of Chemical Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria; Malu, S.P., Department of Chemistry, Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria; Alobi, N.O., Department of Chemical Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria	This work evaluates and provides data on the seasonal pH of common carbohydrate food sources in major communities of central senatorial districts of Cross River State. The result shows that most of the locally consumed food items within these zones are mostly acidic within a mean value of pH of 4.6 and conductivity of 48.6 Siemens for the wet season and pH of 4.8 and conductivity of 27.4 for the dry season which causes a lot of ailments. A balance diet or a combination of food substances to keep an optimal body pH balance is recommended so as to discourage the growth of microforms and organisms which give rise to these problems. It is recommended also that other non-carbohydrate food items such as proteins and vegetables be increased in the menu, or the starchy content of food substances can be reduced during the manufacturing process by manufacturing companies. Government can legislate and monitor these companies to comply with such standards as to improve the health conditions of the rural communities and other consumers. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2009.	Acidity; Alkalinity; Carbohydrate foods; Conductivity; pH	starch; article; bacterial growth; carbohydrate diet; conductance; food analysis; food composition; food intake; health status; human; pH; protein intake; reference value; rural population; seasonal variation; vegetable	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-22844440929	Impact of Iron Duke Pyrite Mine on water chemistry and aquatic life - Mazowe Valley, Zimbabwe	Ravengai S., Love D., Love I., Gratwicke B., Mandingaisa O., Owen R.J.S.	2005	Water SA	31	2	None	Department of Geology, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; WaterNet, Box MP600, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, National University of Lesotho, Roma 180, Lesotho; Department of Chemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, 1120 Connecticut Ave. N.W., Washington, DC 20036, United States; Mineral Resources Centre, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Ravengai, S., Department of Geology, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Love, D., Department of Geology, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe, WaterNet, Box MP600, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Love, I., Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, National University of Lesotho, Roma 180, Lesotho, Department of Chemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Gratwicke, B., National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, 1120 Connecticut Ave. N.W., Washington, DC 20036, United States; Mandingaisa, O., Department of Geology, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; Owen, R.J.S., Mineral Resources Centre, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe	Iron Duke Mine is the only active pyrite mine in Zimbabwe, and has been in operation since the 1940s. Its location in the multiple-use upper catchment of the Mazowe Valley is strategic in terms of water resource management. The mine disposes of its highly acidic wastewater into two evaporation ponds on the north-eastern side of the mine. This has led to acidification of the groundwater to a pH of about 2 near the evaporation ponds as well as contamination with Fe, Ni, Cu, Co, Pb, Zn and SO4 2-. The pH gradually increases in a north-westerly direction, but much faster towards the west and south-west. Water samples taken from the Yellow Jacket River, which runs through the mine premises, indicated that the upper part of the river was not contaminated with Fe, Ni, Cu, Co, Pb, Zn or SO4 2- and had a neutral pH. However, where the river cuts through gossans and passes adjacent to the mine waste dump and the seepage zone from the evaporation ponds, the water quality deteriorates. The symptoms are a reduction in pH of river water from 7 to about 4 and the precipitation of complex iron hydroxy-sulphates known as "yellow boy" on the streambed. Fe, Ni, Cu, Co, Pb, and Zn concentrations are also elevated here. This poor water quality persisted downstream until the confluence with the Mazowe River where the acidic waters were diluted, and the pH returned to 7. The poor water quality in the Yellow Jacket River is related to an overall reduction in the diversity of aquatic macro-invertebrates and fish downstream of the mine until the confluence with the Mazowe River.	Acid mine drainage; Aquatic ecosystems; Water chemistry; Water pollution	Catchments; Evaporation; Groundwater; pH effects; Ponding; Wastewater; Aquatic life; Mine wastes; Water chemistry; Water resources; acid mine drainage; mine waste; water quality; Africa; Eastern Hemisphere; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; World; Zimbabwe; Invertebrata	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84870186913	Guide to groundwater monitoring for the coal industry	Barnes M.R., Vermeulen P.D.	2012	Water SA	38	5	10.4314/wsa.v38i5.25	Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	Barnes, M.R., Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; Vermeulen, P.D., Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa	It is well established in literature that the environmental impacts associated with the coal industry are numerous. In respect of South Africa's groundwater resources the major impact of the coal industry is a reduction in groundwater quantity and quality. There is therefore a need to proactively prevent or minimise these potential impacts through long-term protection and improved water management practices. One such initiative is to implement monitoring programmes in various sectors of the coal industry for groundwater quality and quantity. Groundwater monitoring requires sophisticated interlinked stages which are often overlooked or not fully understood. Consequently a methodical approach must be undertaken in order to have an effective and economical groundwater monitoring system. This paper provides a comprehensive guide to the establishment of a groundwater monitoring programme for environmental practitioners in the coal industry. An inclusive 7-stage methodology is presented describing the different stages of establishing a groundwater monitoring programme, focusing on the 'why', 'how', and 'who' of groundwater monitoring.	Acid mine drainage; Borehole construction; Coal industry; Conceptual model; Drilling methods; Environmental impact; Geophysics; Monitoring programme; Risk assessment; Water management	Acid mine drainage; Conceptual model; Drilling methods; Ground-water qualities; Groundwater monitoring; Management practices; Methodical approach; Monitoring programmes; Potential impacts; South Africa; Coal industry; Environmental impact; Geophysics; Monitoring; Risk assessment; Water management; Water quality; Groundwater; acid mine drainage; borehole; coal industry; conceptual framework; drilling; environmental impact; geophysics; groundwater resource; qualitative analysis; quantitative analysis; risk assessment; water management; South Africa	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-33846933528	Quantitative evaluation of minerals in coal deposits in the Witbank and Highveld Coalfields, and the potential impact on acid mine drainage	Pinetown K.L., Ward C.R., van der Westhuizen W.A.	2007	International Journal of Coal Geology	70	1-3 SPEC. ISS.	10.1016/j.coal.2006.02.013	CSIRO Petroleum, P. O. Box 136, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia; Department of Geology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	Pinetown, K.L., CSIRO Petroleum, P. O. Box 136, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia; Ward, C.R., School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia; van der Westhuizen, W.A., Department of Geology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa	This study has investigated the quantitative distribution of minerals in coals and other lithological units in the coal-bearing successions of the Witbank and Highveld Coalfields in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa, using low-temperature oxygen-plasma ashing (LTA), high temperature ashing, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry techniques. Mineral matter makes up approximately 8 to 35 wt.% of the coal samples. SiO2 concentrations in the coal vary between 0.0 and 35.0 wt.%, Al2O3 between 0.5 and 16.0 wt.%, Fe2O3 between 0.03 and 10.0 wt.%, and S between 0.15 and 8.0 wt.%. Minor concentrations of CaO (0.0 to 8.0 wt.%) and MgO (0.0 to 1.0 wt.%) are also present. P2O5 occurs in concentrations of 0.0 to 3.5 wt.% and K2O is in the order of 0.0 to 1.3 wt.%. Na2O varies between 0.0 and 0.45 wt.%, with the Highveld coals showing an enrichment in Na2O (0.0 to 0.51 wt.%) in comparison with the Witbank coals. The minerals in the coals are dominated by quartz and kaolinite, with varying proportions of calcite, dolomite and pyrite, as well as accessory phosphate phases. Higher (normalised) K2O and Na2O concentrations are present in the sandstones than in the associated siltstones and carbonaceous shales, partly reflecting the presence of feldspars and clay minerals such as illite. Acid-base accounting was used to investigate the potential of the coal and coal-bearing units to produce acid mine drainage conditions. According to the screening criteria, all the coal and coal-bearing units, except the unit between the No. 1 and No. 2 coal seams, are potentially acid generating. The average Net Neutralising Potential (NNP) values suggest that the No. 5 coal seam, the No. 4 Upper coal seam, and the unit between the No. 4 and No. 2 coal seams are potentially acid generating. With such techniques it is possible to predict the types of situations that might arise concerning groundwater quality, and implement proper prevention or remediation programs. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.	Acid mine drainage; Coal mineralogy; Low-temperature ashing; X-ray diffraction; X-ray fluorescence	Acid mine drainage; Coal mineralogy; Low-temperature oxygen-plasma ashing; Clay minerals; Coal mines; Feldspar; Geochemistry; Lithology; Mineralogy; Quartz; Sandstone; X ray diffraction analysis; Coal deposits; acid mine drainage; coal mine; coal seam; lithology; mineral deposit; mineralogy; phosphate; quantitative analysis; spectrometry; X-ray diffraction; Africa; Highveld Coalfield; Mpumalanga; South Africa; Southern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Witbank Coalfield	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84858078881	Metal sulphides from wastewater: Assessing the impact of supersaturation control strategies	Mokone T.P., van Hille R.P., Lewis A.E.	2012	Water Research	46	7	10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.027	Crystallization and Precipitation Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Mokone, T.P., Crystallization and Precipitation Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; van Hille, R.P., Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Lewis, A.E., Crystallization and Precipitation Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa	Metal sulphide precipitation forms an important component of acid mine drainage remediation systems based on bacterial sulphate reduction. However, the precipitation reaction is inherently driven by very high levels of supersaturation with the generation of small particles with poor solid-liquid separation characteristics. In this study, the effect of strategies used to manage supersaturation was investigated during copper and zinc sulphide precipitation reactions. Initial batch studies showed the origin of sulphide (biological or chemical) had no significant effect on the efficiency of zinc sulphide precipitation. For copper, low metal removal efficiency was obtained at metal to sulphide molar ratios below 1.6 in the synthetic sulphide system. This was improved in the biogenic sulphide system, due to the presence of residual volatile fatty acids, but the presence or absence of particulate organic matter had no effect on recovery. Subsequent studies, conducted using synthetic sulphide solutions in a seeded fluidised bed reactor with multiple reagent feed points (2FP and 6FP) and different recirculation flow rates (300 and 120 mL min -1) showed efficient zinc sulphide precipitation, but limited (&lt;10%) deposition on the seeds. Increasing the number of sulphide feed points (2-6) reduced precipitate loss as fines by approximately 10%. Zinc sulphide fines could be effectively recovered from suspension by settling under quiescent conditions. In the copper system, metal recovery was low (ca 40%) due to the formation of very small copper sulphide particles (mean particle size of ca 0.01 μm). Increasing the number of reagent feed points did not affect supersaturation to the extent of altering particle characteristics. The copper sulphide fines could not be recovered by settling, remaining in a stable colloidal suspension due to their highly charged surfaces (zeta potential -50 mV). The change in recirculation flow rate had a limited effect (ca 5% improvement) on process efficiency. The results show that the extremely high supersaturation prevalent during metal sulphide precipitation is difficult to control using conventional approaches and suggest that the seeded fluidised bed reactor is not suitable for this application. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.	Acid mine drainage; Fluidised bed reactor; Metal sulphide precipitation; Particle characteristics; Precipitation; Solid-liquid separation; Supersaturation control; Wastewater remediation	Acid mine drainage; Fluidised bed; Particle characteristics; Solid-liquid separation; Supersaturation control; Wastewater remediation; Chemical reactors; Chemicals removal (water treatment); Copper; Flow rate; Metal recovery; Metals; Sulfur compounds; Supersaturation; Suspensions (fluids); Volatile fatty acids; Zeta potential; Zinc; Zinc sulfide; Precipitation (chemical); copper; metal; sulfide; volatile fatty acid; zinc sulfide; acid mine drainage; bacterium; colloid; copper; fatty acid; precipitation (chemistry); remediation; sulfate; sulfide; supersaturation; wastewater; water treatment; article; flow rate; fluidized bed reactor; heavy metal removal; particulate matter; precipitation; priority journal; waste water; Bacteria; Bioreactors; Chemical Precipitation; Copper; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Mining; Sulfides; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification; Zinc; Bacteria (microorganisms)	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-34247114655	Evaluation of native and modified forms of Pennisetum glaucum (millet) starch as disintegrant in chloroquine tablet formulations	Odeku O.A., Alabi C.O.	2007	Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology	17	2	None	Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Odeku, O.A., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Alabi, C.O., Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria	Native and modified forms of millet starch, obtained from a tropical cereal plant - Pennisetum glaucum - have been investigated as disintegrant in a chloroquine tablet formulation in comparison with corn starch BP. The mechanical properties of the tablets were assessed using the crushing strength and friability tests, while the drug release properties of the tablets were assessed using disintegration and dissolution times as assessment parameters. There were generally no significant (p > 0.05) differences in the mechanical and drug release properties of native millet and corn starches but tablets containing the modified forms of millet starches showed significantly (p < 0.01) lower values of disintegration and dissolution times than those of corn starch BP. The result shows the potentials of native and modified forms of millet starch as disintegrant in tablet formulations and suggests that the starches could be further developed for commercial purposes.	Acid modification; Corn starch; Disintegrant properties; Millet starch; Pregelatinization	chloroquine; disintegrating agent; starch; article; corn; crushing strength; drug dosage form comparison; drug release; drug screening; drug solubility; mechanics; pearl millet; tablet formulation; tablet friability	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-77954164867	Effect of Megasphaera elsdenii NCIMB 41125 drenching on health and performance of steers fed high and low roughage diets in the feedlot	Leeuw K.-J., Siebrits F.K., Henning P.H., Meissner H.H.	2009	South African Journal of Animal Sciences	39	4	None	Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa; Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Megastarter Biotech Pty LTD t/a MS Biotech, P.O. Box 10520, Centurion 0046, South Africa; 189 Van Riebeeck Avenue, Centurion 0157, South Africa	Leeuw, K.-J., Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Siebrits, F.K., Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Henning, P.H., Megastarter Biotech Pty LTD t/a MS Biotech, P.O. Box 10520, Centurion 0046, South Africa; Meissner, H.H., Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X2, Irene 0062, South Africa, 189 Van Riebeeck Avenue, Centurion 0157, South Africa	Lactate utilising bacteria (LUB) assist in reducing the risk of ruminal lactate acidosis when high concentrate diets are fed to feedlot cattle. Ruminal lactate acidosis can lead to lower animal performance and morbidity. Preliminary studies suggested that the strain, Megasphaera elsdenii (M.e.) NCIMB 41125, is a particularly potent LUB. The potential of M.e.NCIMB 41125 to improve the health and performance of feedlot cattle was investigated. Four hundred and forty eight Bonsmara steers (ca. 240 kg) were used in a 100-day feeding trial. Half the steers received at processing 200 mL M.e.NCIMB 41125 per os (LY) and the other half no LUB (LN). The diets in each of these treatments were divided into a low roughage (2%) (RL) and high roughage (8%) (RH) diet. The effects of LY vs. LN, RL vs. RH as main effects and their respective interactions (LYRL, LYRH, LNRL & LNRH) were compared in terms of morbidity, feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. The steers were weighed at two week intervals, feed was offered daily and the orts were removed weekly from each pen. The faecal consistency score and incidence of morbidity were recorded. At slaughter, carcass data were collected and the health status of the liver and rumen epithelium was assessed. Steers dosed with M.e.NCIMB 41125 had a 5.6% better average daily gain (ADG) during weeks 3 - 5 (2.09 kg/day vs. 1.98 kg/day for LY and LN, respectively). Feed conversion ratio (FCR, Weeks 1 - 13) was better for the steers fed the RL than the RH treatment (4.72 kg/kg vs. 4.99 kg/kg for RL and RH, respectively). Steers on the LNRH treatment during weeks 3 - 5 used more feed per kg gain than steers on the other treatments (5.39 kg/kg for LNRH vs. 4.74 kg/kg and 4.72 kg/kg for LYRL and LNRL, respectively). More steers (21) on the LNRL treatment were treated for morbidity than on the other treatments (8, 7 and 5 for LYRL, LYRH and LNRH, respectively). In general, animal performance was not improved by dosing with M.e.NCIMB 41125, but since ADG was improved in the immediate postadaptation phase (weeks 3 - 5) and morbidity levels were lower on the low roughage diet, dosing of steers on low roughage, lactate acidosis-prone, diets with M.e.NCIMB 41125 should prove useful. © South African Society for Animal Science.	Acidosis; Beef cattle; Lactic acid utilising bacteria; Morbidity	Animalia; Bacteria (microorganisms); Bos; Megasphaera elsdenii	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-57049084462	Environmental impact prediction of air quality in a food processing environment	Chukwu O.	2008	International Journal of Postharvest Technology and Innovation	1	3	10.1504/IJPTI.2008.021469	Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	Chukwu, O., Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria	An impact study of food processing factory in Nigeria on air quality of its environment was studied using a factorial experiment. The effects of three primary air pollutants (by-products of the food processing): nitrogen (IV) oxide (NO2), carbon (IV) oxide (CO2) and sulphur (IV) oxide (SO2) on formation of acid rain also studied. These factors and their interactions in the predictive model showed significant impact on hydrogen ion concentration [H+], which is the key intrinsic parameter of acid rain. However, SO2 had higher detrimental influence than the other pollutants. Statistical analysis of the experimental data showed that the predictive model is adequate for obtaining optimum conditions. Validation of the model gave a correlation coefficient of 0.9999 between the measured and predicted values. Copyright © 2008 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.	Acid rain; Air quality; Environmental impact; Food processing industry	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-20344395331	The impact of acid rain deposition resulting from natural gas flaring on the socio-economic life of the people of Afiesere community, in Nigeria's Niger delta	Oghenejoboh K.M.	2005	Journal of Industrial Pollution Control	21	1	None	Department of Chemical/Petroleum Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria	Oghenejoboh, K.M., Department of Chemical/Petroleum Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria	Air and rainwater analyses were carried out within Afiesere, an oil producing community in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria to acertain the deposition of acid rain resulting from gas flaring in the area. The analysis showed that the pH of rainwater some distance away from the flare was 6.13, which is less than the pH of normal rainwater, while that within the oil facilities was 6.58. The concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr etc) and anions (SOx, NOx, Co etc) in the air were considerably low. However, the presence of extra H+ in the rainwater through diffusional effect of trans-atmospheric aerosol and other gaseous pollutants from the gas flare results in acid rain. The physical effects of acid rain are evident in the deteriorating health conditions and general economic life of the inhabitants of the community. © Enviromedia Printed in India. All rights reserved.	Acid rain; Anions; Atmosphere; Cations; Emission; Gas flaring	None	None
Scopus	2-s2.0-84920281316	Using hydrochemical tracers to assess impacts of unsewered urban catchments on hydrochemistry and nutrients in groundwater	Nyenje P.M., Foppen J.W., Uhlenbrook S., Lutterodt G.	2014	Hydrological Processes	28	24	10.1002/hyp.10070	Department of Water Science and Engineering, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, Delft, Netherlands; Makerere University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Section of Water Resources, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, Delft, Netherlands; Department of Civil Engineering, Central University College, PO Box DS 2310, Dansoman-Accra, Ghana	Nyenje, P.M., Department of Water Science and Engineering, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, Delft, Netherlands, Makerere University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Foppen, J.W., Department of Water Science and Engineering, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, Delft, Netherlands; Uhlenbrook, S., Department of Water Science and Engineering, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, Delft, Netherlands, Section of Water Resources, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, Delft, Netherlands; Lutterodt, G., Department of Civil Engineering, Central University College, PO Box DS 2310, Dansoman-Accra, Ghana	We applied graphical methods and multivariate statistics to understand impacts of an unsewered slum catchment on nutrients and hydrochemistry of groundwater in Kampala, Uganda. Data were collected from 56 springs (groundwater), 22 surface water sites and 13 rain samples. Groundwater was acidic and dominated by Na, Cl and NO3. These ions were strongly correlated, indicating pollution originating from wastewater infiltration from on-site sanitation systems. Results also showed that rain, which was acidic, impacted on groundwater chemistry. Using Q-mode hierarchical cluster analysis, we identified three distinct water quality groups. The first group had springs dominated by Ca-Cl-NO3, low values of electrical conductivity (EC), pH and cations, and relatively high NO3 values. These springs were shown to have originated from the acidic rains because their chemistry closely corresponded to ion concentrations that would occur from rainfall recharge, which was around 3.3 times concentrated by evaporation. The second group had springs dominated by Na-K-Cl-NO3 and Ca-Cl-NO3, low pH but with higher values of EC, NO3 and cations. We interpreted these as groundwater affected by both acid rain and infiltration of wastewater from urban areas. The third group had the highest EC values (average of 688μS/cm), low pH and very high concentrations of NO3 (average of 2.15mmol/l) and cations. Since these springs were all located in slum areas, we interpreted them as groundwater affected by infiltration of wastewater from poorly sanitized slums areas. Surface water was slightly reducing and eutrophic because of wastewater effluents, but the contribution of groundwater to nutrients in surface water was minimal because o-PO4 was absent, whereas NO3 was lost by denitification. Our findings suggest that groundwater chemistry in the catchment is strongly influenced by anthropogenic